Obesity Update 2017
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Latvia's Final Year Bachelor Students' Emigration Or
Bachelor Thesis Latvia’s Final Year Bachelor Students’ Emigration or Stay Intentions and Their Motivating Factors: Will They Stay or Will They Go? Authors: Elizabete Kalnozola Sintija Nīcgale Supervisor: Anna Zasova April 2017 Riga COPYRIGHT DECLARATION Names of the authors in full: Elizabete Kalnozola Sintija Nīcgale Title of the Thesis: Latvia’s Final Year Bachelor Students’ Emigration or Stay Intentions and Their Motivating Factors: Will They Stay or Will They Go? We understand that, in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Latvia regarding intellectual property rights we are the owners of the copyright in this thesis and that the copyright rests with us unless we specifically assign it to another person. We understand that the SSE Riga will deposit one copy of our thesis in the SSE Riga Library and it holds the primary right to publish our thesis or its parts in the SSE-Riga Student Research Papers series or in any other publication owned by SSE-Riga for two years from the date of our graduation. We assert our right to be identified as the authors of this thesis whenever the thesis is reproduced in full or in part. ____________________ ____________________ /Sintija Nīcgale/ /Elizabete Kalnozola/ 07.04.2017. Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6 2. Literature review -
Obesity and Its Relation to Mortality Costs Report
Obesity and its Relation to Mortality and Morbidity Costs DECEMBER 2010 SPONSORED BY PREPARED BY Committee on Life Insurance Research Donald F. Behan, PhD, FSA, FCA, MAAA Society of Actuaries Samuel H. Cox, PhD, FSA, CERA University of Manitoba CONTRIBUTING CO-AUTHORS: Yijia Lin, Ph.D. Jeffrey Pai, Ph.D, ASA Hal W. Pedersen, Ph.D, ASA Ming Yi, ASA The opinions expressed and conclusions reached by the authors are their own and do not represent any official position or opinion of the Society of Actuaries or its members. The Society of Actuaries makes no representation or warranty to the accuracy of the information. © 2010 Society of Actuaries, All Rights Reserved Obesity and its Relation to Mortality and Morbidity Costs Abstract We reviewed almost 500 research articles on obesity and its relation to mortality and morbidity, focusing primarily on papers published from January 1980 to June 2009. There is substantial evidence that obesity is a worldwide epidemic and that it has a significant negative impact on health, mortality and related costs. Overweight and obesity are associated with increased prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and some cancers. There also is evidence that increased weight is asso- ciated with kidney disease, stroke, osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Moreover, empirical studies report that obesity significantly increases the risk of death. We used the results to estimate costs due to overweight and obesity in the United States and Canada. We estimate that total annual economic cost of overweight and obesity in the United States and Canada caused by medical costs, excess mortality and disability is approximately $300 billion in 2009. -
Childhood Obesity During the 1960S Are Available for Certain Age Groups
NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS SEPTEMBER Health E-Stats 2018 Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity Among Children and Adolescents Aged 2–19 Years: United States, 1963–1965 Through 2015–2016 by Cheryl D. Fryar, M.S.P.H., Margaret D. Carroll, M.S.P.H., and Cynthia L. Ogden, Ph.D., Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys Results from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using measured heights and weights, indicate that an estimated 18.5% of U.S. children and adolescents aged 2–19 years have obesity, including 5.6% with severe obesity, and another 16.6% are overweight. Body mass index (BMI), expressed as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2), is commonly used to classify obesity among adults and is also recommended for use with children and adolescents. Cutoff criteria are based on the sex-specific BMI-for-age 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States (available from: https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/cdc_charts.htm). Based on current recommendations from expert committees, children and adolescents with BMI values at or above the 95th percentile of the growth charts are categorized as having obesity. This differs from previous years in which children and adolescents above this cutoff were categorized as overweight. This change in terminology reflects the category labels used by organizations such as the National Academy of Medicine and the American Academy of Pediatrics. For more information, see “Changes in Terminology for Childhood Overweight and Obesity,” available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr025.pdf. -
Obesity Medicine and Bariatric Surgery
Obesity Medicine Your MOVE TIME Bariatric TEAM! • Obesity Medicine Physicians • Bariatric Surgeons • Behavioral Medicine/Psychologists • Dietitians • Physical Therapists • Nursing and Clerical staff Goals of the MOVE TIME Clinic • To help you lose weight, live a healthy lifestyle and improve your quality of life – Medical management to help those not interested in surgery or not surgical candidate – Medically optimize obesity-related comorbid conditions – Surgical management for those interested in weight-loss surgery Medical Evaluation: What do we do? • Evaluate causes of obesity • Evaluate/treat obesity-related conditions • Offer medical treatments for obesity – Weight loss medications • Pre-operative evaluation • Post-operative care Common Causes of Obesity • Inactivity- computer, gaming, TV time, commuting, desk work • Excess caloric intake- large portions, liquid calories (alcohol/sodas), unhealthy food choices Medical Causes of Obesity • Untreated Sleep Apnea (OSA) • Insomnia/Poor sleep • Hormone related- Hypothyroidism, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Low Testosterone, Cushings • Depression, anxiety, PTSD, sexual trauma, stress • Medications- e.g. psychiatric medications, insulin for diabetes • Genetics/Epigenetics • Traumatic Brain Injuries Medical conditions related to Obesity • Diabetes • Heart Failure • High Blood Pressure • Kidney disease • High Cholesterol • Inflammation • Sleep Apnea • Blood Clots • Heart Burn/Reflux • Cancers • Joint • Infertility pain/Osteoarthritis • Urinary Incontinence • Fatty liver and cirrhosis • Hormone -
Wb Lv Active Aging Report 011
TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. vii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 Objectives of study .................................................................................................................. 1 Structure of the report ............................................................................................................ 1 2. The Active aging challenge for Latvia ..................................................................................... 2 Untapped potential in Latvia and the EU’s Active Aging Index ............................................... 2 Importance of moving beyond the averages .......................................................................... 5 Building a policy agenda for “50+” ........................................................................................ 12 3. Demographic challenge ........................................................................................................ 13 Population is imbalanced across generations ...................................................................... -
Overweight and Obesity Among Adults
4. RISK FACTORS FOR HEALTH Overweight and obesity among adults Being overweight, including pre-obesity and obesity, is a Initiative in the United States aims to improve access to major risk factor for various non-communicable diseases healthy foods in underserved areas. Despite these efforts, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain the overweight epidemic has not been reversed, cancers. High consumption of calories-dense food and highlighting the issue’s complexity (OECD, 2019[3]). increasingly sedentary lifestyles have contributed to growing global obesity rates. The rate of growth has been highest in early adulthood and has affected all population groups, in particular women and those with lower levels of Definition and comparability education (Afshin et al., 2017[1]). High body mass index (BMI) has been estimated to cause 4.7 million deaths worldwide Overweight is defined as abnormal or excessive (Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network, 2018[2]) accumulation of fat, which presents a risk to health. Based on measured data, 58% of adults were overweight or The most frequently used measure is body mass index obese in 2017 on average across 23 OECD countries with (BMI), which is a single number that evaluates an comparable data (Figure 4.11). For Chile, Mexico and the individual’s weight in relation to height (weight/ 2 United States this figure exceeds 70%. Conversely, in Japan height , with weight in kilograms and height in and Korea, less than 35% of adults were overweight or obese. metres). Based on WHO classifications, adults over age The remaining 13 OECD countries include self-reported 18 with a BMI greater than or equal to 25 are defined as data, with rates ranging from 42% in Switzerland to 65% in pre-obese, and those with a BMI greater than or equal Iceland. -
The Evidence Report
Obesity Education Initiative C LINICAL GUIDELINES ON THE IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ADULTS The Evidence Report NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE C LINICAL GUIDELINES ON THE IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ADULTS The Evidence Report NIH PUBLICATION NO. 98-4083 SEPTEMBER 1998 NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in cooperation with The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, M.D., M.P.H. William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D. Chair of the Panel Director Chief, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity Director, Obesity Research Center National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center and Health Promotion Professor of Medicine Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Columbia University College of Physicians and Atlanta, GA Surgeons New York, NY John P. Foreyt, Ph.D. Professor of Medicine and Director Diane M. Becker, Sc.D., M.P.H. Nutrition Research Clinic Director Baylor College of Medicine Center for Health Promotion Houston, TX Associate Professor Department of Medicine Robert J. Garrison, Ph.D. The Johns Hopkins University Associate Professor Baltimore, MD Department of Preventive Medicine University of Tennessee, Memphis Claude Bouchard, Ph.D. Memphis, TN Professor of Exercise Physiology Physical Activity Sciences Scott M. Grundy, M.D., Ph.D. Laboratory Director Laval University Center for Human Nutrition Sainte Foy, Quebec University of Texas CANADA Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX Richard A. -
Liposuction Surgery Procedure and Post Care
The Paragon Plastic Surgery & Med Spa! Mark A. Bishara, M.D., P.A. ! LIPOSUCTION SURGERY! PROCEDURE AND POST CARE INSTRUCTIONS! I. ITEMS NEEDED:! • Prescription medicines! • Hibiclens antimicrobial soap! • Polysporin ointment! • Plastic sheeting (large trash can bags)! • Towels! • Absorbant pads (diapers work well)! • Saran wrap! • Sunscreen with a UVA/UVB SPF of 15 (we have excellent sunscreen available)! • Vitamin C 2000mg twice daily for 14 days.! • Zinc 50mg once daily for 14 days.! • Constipation Prevention (while taking narcotic pain medication): Colace 100 mg twice daily and Milk of Magnesia until normal bowel movements.! • Arnica Montana. Starting 5 days before your procedure and then continuing 10 days after your procedure, take 4 tablets of Arnica Montana, under your tongue 4 times a day. (DO NOT EXCEED 16 TABLETS A DAY). This will help with swelling and bruising.! OFFICE PHONE NUMBER: 817-473-2120 (8am — 6pm M-F)! EMERGENCIES OR AFTER HOURS: 817-473-2120 (24-hour answering service)! BEFORE PROCEDURE:! Starting 5 days before your procedure and then continuing 10 days after your procedure, take 4 tablets of Arnica Montana, under your tongue 4 times a day. (DO NOT EXCEED 16 TABLETS A DAY). This will help with swelling and bruising.! THE PROCEDURE:! A. Goals for surgery: Liposuction removes fat cells beneath the skin in order to shape areas of the body. The surgery can be performed in nearly any place on the body and has proven particularly effective in the abdomen, waist, hips and thighs. It can also be used on the arms, buttocks and knees. The procedure is suitable for both men and women who are in good health.! B. -
PANORAMA July 2016 INSOLVENCIES in CENTRAL and EASTERN EUROPE the COFACE ECONOMIC PUBLICATIONS by Grzegorz Sielewicz, Coface Economist
2 5 Insolvencies in Focus on countries Central and Eastern Europe in 2015 PANORAMA July 2016 INSOLVENCIES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE THE COFACE ECONOMIC PUBLICATIONS by Grzegorz Sielewicz, Coface Economist ompanies in the Central tion for CEE businesses. The number of The regional improvement is confirmed and Eastern Europe region insolvencies decreased over the course by Coface’s country risk assessments, reported solid economic of last year in 9 out of 13 countries and which included several upgrades this growth rates as well as the GDP-weighted regional insolvency year. In January, Hungary’s assessment more structured growth average was -14%. Obviously, company was raised to A4, while in June there were last year. Thanks to the insolvencies varied at different rates upgrades of Latvia to A4, Lithuania to Chealthy situation of the labour markets, among CEE economies. Double-digit A3, Romania to A4 and Slovenia to A3. unemployment rates have been decrea- deterioration was recorded in Ukraine and Most CEE countries have thus moved to sing, to reach historically-low levels in Lithuania, whereas Romania and Hungary acceptable risk levels. many cases. This, combined with rising enjoyed significant improvements. Some wages and low inflation, have made of these huge fluctuations hide country Businesses will continue to take advan- private consumption a key driver for specifics that affected their performances tage of supportive conditions this year, growth. Investments, another impor- last year and these are explained in this although insolvencies will decline at a tant component of domestic demand, report. The number of insolvencies has slower pace than last year. -
Benchmarking the GHG Emissions Intensities of Crop and Livestock –Derived Agricultural Commodities Produced in Latvia
Agronomy Research 17 (5), 1942–1952, 2019 https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.19.148 Benchmarking the GHG emissions intensities of crop and livestock –derived agricultural commodities produced in Latvia A. Lenerts *, D. Popluga and K. Naglis-Liepa Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Social Development, Institute of Economics and Regional Development, Svetes street 18, LV-3001, Jelgava, Latvia *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract. With the production of grain and livestock –derived agricultural commodities increasing, the agricultural sector has become one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in Latvia. In 2016, the agricultural sector contributed to 23.6% of the total GHG emissions originated in Latvia (266.4 kt CO 2eq), and therefore the mitigation of the emissions is important. Considering the new indicative target, Latvia must reduce its GHG emissions in the non-ETS sectors by 2030 (Regulation 2018/842) so that the emissions do not exceed the 2005 level. The research aims to estimate the emissions intensities (EI) of grain and livestock-derived commodities produced in Latvia and benchmark the EI against those for other countries. The -1 GHG EI were analysed per kilogram of product (kg CO 2eq kg ) and per hectare currently in use -1 agricultural land (kg CO 2eq ha ). The main part of the GHG emissions of crop production originated from fertilizer application (direct N 2O emissions) and soil liming (direct CO 2 emissions). The main part of the GHG emissions of livestock –derived production originated from livestock enteric fermentation (direct CH 4 emissions) and from manure management systems (direct CH 4 and N 2O emissions). -
PAPER Obesity: the Disease of the Twenty-first Century
International Journal of Obesity (2002) 26, Suppl 4, S2–S4 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307–0565/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ijo PAPER Obesity: the disease of the twenty-first century SRo¨ssner1* 1Obesity Unit, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, with nearly half a billion of the world’s population now considered to be overweight or obese. The obesity epidemic is related both to dietary factors and to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Obesity has significant co-morbidities and these are associated with substantial health care and social costs. Of particular concern is the fact that obesity is increasing among children and adolescents. National health policymakers must take action to deal with the obesity problem. Prevention should be the primary target, but it is also important to develop strategies to treat those already affected with obesity. International Journal of Obesity (2002) 26, Suppl 4, S2 – S4. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802209 Keywords: obesity epidemic; sedentary lifestyle; dietary fat; co-morbidities Introduction predisposition, disruption in energy balance, and environ- The statistics on obesity are appalling, with nearly half a mental and social factors. The rapid increases in obesity, billion of the world’s population now considered to be however, cannot be related purely to genetic change as the overweight or obese. The problem does not only affect genetic pool changes slowly over thousands of years. In developed countries, as there is now a significant increase contrast, the environment has changed dramatically over in overweight and obesity throughout the developing world. -
Health-E Stats, December 2020
This report was revised on January 29, 2021, to update Table 3 with overall estimates of obesity by race and Hispanic origin. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS DECEMBER Health E-Stats 2020 Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity Among Children and Adolescents Aged 2–19 Years: United States, 1963–1965 Through 2017–2018 by Cheryl D. Fryar, M.S.P.H., Margaret D. Carroll, M.S.P.H., and Joseph Afful, M.S., Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys Body mass index (BMI), expressed as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2), is used commonly to classify obesity among adults, and also is recommended for use with children and adolescents. Cutoff criteria are based on the sex-specific BMI-for-age 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States (available from: https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/ cdc_charts.htm). Based on recommendations from expert committees, children and adolescents with BMI values at or above the 95th percentile of the growth charts are categorized as having obesity. Severe obesity is BMI at or above 120% of the 95th percentile. Results from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using measured heights and weights, indicate that an estimated 19.3% of U.S. children and adolescents aged 2–19 years have obesity, including 6.1% with severe obesity, and another 16.1% are overweight. Table 1 shows the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among children and adolescents aged 2–19 years from 1971–1974 through 2017–2018. Estimates of the prevalence of childhood obesity during the 1960s are available for certain age groups.