DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evidence Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evidence Report Obesity Education Initiative C LINICAL GUIDELINES ON THE IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ADULTS The Evidence Report NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE C LINICAL GUIDELINES ON THE IDENTIFICATION, EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ADULTS The Evidence Report NIH PUBLICATION NO. 98-4083 SEPTEMBER 1998 NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in cooperation with The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, M.D., M.P.H. William H. Dietz, M.D., Ph.D. Chair of the Panel Director Chief, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity Director, Obesity Research Center National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center and Health Promotion Professor of Medicine Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Columbia University College of Physicians and Atlanta, GA Surgeons New York, NY John P. Foreyt, Ph.D. Professor of Medicine and Director Diane M. Becker, Sc.D., M.P.H. Nutrition Research Clinic Director Baylor College of Medicine Center for Health Promotion Houston, TX Associate Professor Department of Medicine Robert J. Garrison, Ph.D. The Johns Hopkins University Associate Professor Baltimore, MD Department of Preventive Medicine University of Tennessee, Memphis Claude Bouchard, Ph.D. Memphis, TN Professor of Exercise Physiology Physical Activity Sciences Scott M. Grundy, M.D., Ph.D. Laboratory Director Laval University Center for Human Nutrition Sainte Foy, Quebec University of Texas CANADA Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX Richard A. Carleton, M.D. Professor of Medicine Barbara C. Hansen, Ph.D. Brown University School of Medicine Professor of Physiology Pawtucket, RI Director of Obesity and Diabetes Research Center University of Maryland School of Medicine Graham A. Colditz, M.D., Dr.P.H. Baltimore, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Millicent Higgins, M.D. Channing Laboratory Department of Epidemiology Boston, MA School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI ii James O. Hill, Ph.D. Albert P. Rocchini, M.D. Associate Director of Research Chief of Cardiology Center for Human Nutrition University of Michigan Medical Center University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Ann Arbor, MI Denver, CO Philip L. Smith, M.D. Barbara V. Howard, Ph.D. Professor of Medicine President Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medlantic Research Institute Medicine Washington, DC The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center Baltimore, MD Robert C. Klesges, Ph.D. Professor Linda G. Snetselaar, Ph.D., R.D. University of Memphis Prevention Center Associate Professor University of Memphis Head of Preventive Nutrition Education Memphis, TN Department of Preventive Medicine University of Iowa Robert J. Kuczmarski, Dr.P.H., R.D. Iowa City, IA Nutrition Analyst National Center for Health Statistics James R. Sowers, M.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Professor of Medicine and Physiology Hyattsville, MD Director Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Shiriki Kumanyika, Ph.D., R.D., M.P.H. Hypertension Professor and Head Wayne State University School of Medicine Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics University Health Center The University of Illinois at Chicago Detroit, MI Chicago, IL Michael Weintraub, M.D. R. Dee Legako, M.D. Director Prime Care Canyon Park Family Physicians, Inc. Office of Drug Evaluation V Edmond, OK Food and Drug Administration Rockville, MD T. Elaine Prewitt, Dr.P.H., R.D. Assistant Professor David F. Williamson, Ph.D., M.S. Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiologist Epidemiology Division of Diabetes Translation Loyola University Medical Center Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Maywood, IL Chamblee, GA iii G. Terence Wilson, Ph.D. Van S. Hubbard, M.D., Ph.D. Oscar K. Buros Professor of Psychology Director, NIH Division of Nutrition Research Director, Rutgers Eating Disorders Clinic Coordination Piscataway, NJ Chief, Nutritional Sciences Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Ex-Officio Members National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD Clarice D. Brown, M.S. Project Manager James P. Kiley, Ph.D.* CODA Research, Inc. Director Silver Spring, MD Airway Biology and Disease Program Division of Lung Diseases Karen A. Donato, M.S., R.D.* National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Executive Director of the Panel National Institutes of Health Coordinator Bethesda, MD NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Eva Obarzanek, Ph.D., R.D., M.P.H.* National Institutes of Health Research Nutritionist Bethesda, MD Prevention Scientific Research Group Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Nancy Ernst, Ph.D., R.D.* Applications Nutrition Coordinator National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Office of the Director National Institutes of Health Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications Bethesda, MD National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD Consultant D. Robin Hill, Ph.D.* David Schriger, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.E.P. Social Science Analyst Associate Professor Behavioral Medicine Branch UCLA Emergency Medicine Center Division of Epidemiology and Clinical University of California at Los Angeles Applications School of Medicine National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Los Angeles, CA National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD San Antonio Cochrane Center Michael J. Horan, M.D., Sc.M.* Director Elaine Chiquette, Pharm.D. Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases V.A. Cochrane Center at San Antonio National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital National Institutes of Health San Antonio, TX Bethesda, MD * NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Task Force Members iv Cynthia Mulrow, M.D., M.Sc. V.A. Cochrane Center at San Antonio Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital San Antonio, TX Staff Adrienne Blount, B.S. R.O.W. Sciences, Inc. Rockville, MD Maureen Harris, M.S., R.D. R.O.W. Sciences, Inc. Rockville, MD Anna Hodgson, M.A. R.O.W. Sciences, Inc. Rockville, MD Pat Moriarty, M.Ed., R.D. R.O.W. Sciences, Inc. Rockville, MD The panel acknowledges the assistance of Dr. Rashid Chotani, Johns Hopkins University; Dr. Robert Klesges, University of Memphis; Dr. Walter Pories, East Carolina University; Dr. Ivan Baines, NHLBI; Dr. Christine Kelly, NHLBI; Glen Bennett, NHLBI; Dr. Fred Heydrick, BioReview; Debbie Lurie, Prospect Associates; Estelle Schwalb, Prospect Associates; Lori McCray, R.O.W. Sciences, Inc.; and Niyati Pandya, R.O.W. Sciences, Inc. v Contents Foreword vii 2. Classification of Overweight and Executive Summary xi Obesity 58 C. Assessment of Risk Status 62 1. Introduction 1 D. Evaluation and Treatment Strategy 65 A. Rationale for Guidelines Development 1 E. Exclusion from Weight Loss Therapy 70 B. Objectives of the Guidelines 2 F. Patient Motivation 70 C. Guideline Development Methodology 2 G. Goals of Weight Loss and D. Statement of Assumptions 5 Management 71 E. Intended Users of These Guidelines 5 1. Weight Loss 71 2. Weight Maintenance at 2. Overweight and Obesity: Background 6 Lower Weight 72 A. Health and Economic Costs 6 3. Prevention of Further Weight Gain 73 1. Prevalence and Time Trends 6 H. Strategies for Weight Loss and 2. Demographic Variations in Weight Maintenance 73 Overweight and Obesity Prevalence 9 1. Dietary Therapy 73 3. Economic Costs of Overweight 2. Physical Activity 77 and Obesity 9 3. Behavior Therapy 81 B. Prevention of Overweight and Obesity 11 4. Combined Therapy 83 C. Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity 12 5. Pharmacotherapy 83 1. Morbidity 12 6. Surgery 86 2. Overweight/Obesity and Morbidity I. Smoking Cessation in the Overweight in Minority Populations 23 or Obese Patient 91 3. Obesity and Mortality 23 J. Role of Health Professionals in D. Weight Loss and Mortality 25 Weight Loss Therapy 92 E. Environment 26 F. Genetic Influence in the Development 5. Summary of Recommendations 95 of Overweight and Obesity 27 6. Future Research 98 3 Examination of Randomized Controlled A. Intervention Approaches 98 Trial Evidence 29 B. Causes and Mechanisms of A. Why Treat Overweight and Obesity? 29 Overweight and Obesity 99 1. Blood Pressure 29 C. Abdominal Fat, Body Weight and 2. Serum/Plasma Lipids and Disease Risk 99 Lipoproteins 33 D. Assessment Methods 99 3. Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Diabetes 39 7. Appendices 100 4. Decreases in Abdominal Fat with Appendix I.A.1 Guidelines Development Weight Loss 41 Methodology 100 B. What Treatments are Effective? 42 Appendix I.A.2 Literature Review 109 1. Dietary Therapy 42 Appendix II Description of Evidence 112 2. Physical Activity 44 Appendix III Special Populations 117 3. Combined Therapy 47 Appendix IV Obesity and Sleep Apnea 137 4. Behavior Therapy 48 Appendix V Body Mass Index Chart— 5. Pharmacotherapy 53 How to Measure Obesity 139 6. Surgery 54 Appendix VI Practical Dietary Therapy 7. Other Interventions for Overweight Information 141 and Obesity Treatment 55 Appendix VII Resource List 165 Appendix VIII Glossary of Terms 168 4. Treatment Guidelines 56 A. Overview 56 List of Abbreviations 179 B. Assessment and Classification of Reference List 181 Overweight and Obesity 56 1. Assessment of Overweight and Publication List 226 Obesity 56 vi FOREWORD In 1995, the National Obesity Education
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 8 Overweight and Obesity (High Body MASS Index)
    Chapter 8 Overweight and obesity (high body mass index) W. Philip T. James, Rachel Jackson-Leach, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Eleni Kalamara, Maryam Shayeghi, Neville J. Rigby, Chizuru Nishida and Anthony Rodgers Summary It is widely acknowledged that being overweight is associated with an amplified risk of disease, particularly if body fat is deposited within the abdomen, as suggested by a high waist-circumference measurement. This chapter aims to estimate the burden of disease attributable to overweight and obesity as indicated by a high body mass index (BMI), by age, sex and subregion.1 BMI, which is calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2), was chosen as a simple measurement of body weight in relation to height. While increases in both body fat and lean tissue cause increments in BMI, relationships between body weight and health are convention- ally expressed in terms of BMI rather than body fat. Data on popula- tion weight and height, often collected as part of general medical or economic surveys, were obtained, typically from specially-commissioned analyses from ministries of health. Where these data sets or published representative information were lacking, earlier data published for each country were used. All information based on studies of select groups within a population were excluded. In addition, only data obtained by actual measurement of heights and weights by trained observers were included. As data were not available for some countries, it was neces- sary to extrapolate from data for other countries or subregions when deriving estimates of BMIs for the different age groups in each subregion. Analyses of the relationship between BMI and both mortality and morbidity suggested that the theoretical optimum mean population BMI was approximately 21kg/m2.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 Live Lean Nutrition Laws Brad Gouthro
    7 Live Lean Nutrition Laws Brad Gouthro Host, Living Lean With The Ultimate Body Press Certified Trainer & Nutrition Specialist Live Lean Nutrition Law #1 Set A Measurable & Realistic Goal Most people come to me and say… “Brad, I need to lose 10 lbs before summer in 2 months.” That's a great start. You have a set measurable goal… 10 lbs in 8 weeks. But is this realistic (and healthy)? Typically, a healthy fat loss plan will allow you to lose 1-2 pounds of fat per week with exercise and a nutrition plan that puts you in a caloric deficit. A caloric deficit simply means you're burning more calories than you're eating. However, everyone's calorie requirements are different based on your current body composition and activity levels. Lets take a closer look. How many calories should I be eating to lose fat? Going into a severe calorie deficit through dieting alone IS NOT the most effective approach. Not only is this crash diet unhealthy and unsustainable, your body will also go into starvation mode. This means it’ll end up storing fat and burning your muscle for fuel. This loss of muscle slows your metabolism and adds up to a “lighter” but fatter version of your current self. Heard of the term “skinny fat”…well that’s what happens on crash diets. The two healthiest ways to create a calorie deficit is by following a diet that puts you in a modest caloric deficit AND THEN follow that up with an intense exercise program to create an even higher caloric deficit.
    [Show full text]
  • Weight Management Guideline: Children and Adolescents
    Weight Management in Children and Adolescents Screening and Intervention Guideline Prevention ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Nutrition ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Healthy eating behaviors .............................................................................................................. 2 Physical activity ............................................................................................................................ 3 Screening ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Diagnosis.......................................................................................................................................... 3 Interventions ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Goals ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Strategies to help with weight loss ............................................................................................... 5 Behavior change counseling using the 5A approach ................................................................... 5 Lifestyle modifications .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0190743 A1 Bain Et Al
    US 2012O190743A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0190743 A1 Bain et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 26, 2012 (54) COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING DISORDERS Publication Classification OR DISEASES ASSOCATED WITH (51) Int. Cl NEUROKININ 2 RECEPTORACTIVITY A6II 3L/23 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Jerald Bain, Toronto (CA); Joel CD7C 69/30 (2006.01) Sadavoy, Toronto (CA); Hao Chen, 39t. ii; C Columbia, MD (US); Xiaoyu Shen, ( .01) Columbia, MD (US) A6IPI/00 (2006.01) s A6IP 29/00 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: UNITED PARAGON A6IP II/00 (2006.01) ASSOCIATES INC., Guelph, ON A6IPI3/10 (2006.01) (CA) A6IP 5/00 (2006.01) A6IP 25/00 (2006.01) (21) Appl. No.: 13/394,067 A6IP 25/30 (2006.01) A6IP5/00 (2006.01) (22) PCT Filed: Sep. 7, 2010 A6IP3/00 (2006.01) CI2N 5/071 (2010.01) (86). PCT No.: PCT/US 10/48OO6 CD7C 69/33 (2006.01) S371 (c)(1) (52) U.S. Cl. .......................... 514/552; 554/227; 435/375 (2), (4) Date: Apr. 12, 2012 (57) ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data Compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of (60) Provisional application No. 61/240,014, filed on Sep. treating a disorder or disease associated with neurokinin 2 4, 2009. (NK) receptor activity. Patent Application Publication Jul. 26, 2012 Sheet 1 of 12 US 2012/O190743 A1 LU 1750 15OO 1250 OOO 750 500 250 O O 20 3O 40 min SampleName: EM2OO617 Patent Application Publication Jul. 26, 2012 Sheet 2 of 12 US 2012/O190743 A1 kixto CFUgan <tro CFUgan FIG.2 Patent Application Publication Jul.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Approach to Weight Loss
    Pennington Nutrition Series Healthier lives through education in nutrition and preventive medicine Body Mass Index (BMI) is a way to define over- The distribution of body fat is important from a weight and obesity. The index is a mathematical formula in chronic disease perspective. Those who have more which a person’s body weight in kilograms is divided by body fat in the abdominal area have an increased risk the square of his or her height in meters [kg/m2]. The BMI for elevated triglycerides, high blood pressure and is more highly correlated with body fat than any other glucose intolerance. Waist circumference correlates mathematical ratio of height and weight; however, athletes well with chronic disease risk. A waist circumference and individuals with a high percentage of muscle may of 40 inches (102 cm) or more in men or a waist have a BMI in the overweight range because of the higher circumference of 35 inches (88cm) or more in women density of muscle compared to fat. puts one at greater risk of insulin resistance and the chronic diseases associated with it. A BMI of 18 to 25 is considered normal weight. Individuals with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 are When someone is a few pounds overweight and considered overweight, and those with a BMI of is motivated to lose weight, there are safe and effec- 30 or more are considered obese. tive methods to lose a few pounds and to maintain a Overweight is defined as increased weight in weight loss. relation to height. Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Surgery to Remove Fat Has Long Been a Quest Of
    I have these deposits offat where I really hate them, especially on my thighs. Dieting hasn't helped. -Ginny, 34, secretary sing surgery to remove fat has long been a quest of Ucosmetic surgeons, but the journey toward that dream has been slow until recently. About twenty years ago, physicians in Italy scraped out fat through a relatively small incision using a sharp, circular-ended knife called a curette. Because severe complications often resulted, this technique did not gain widespread acceptance. Seizing on that idea, doctors in France began using a blunt-ended canula, a metal tube with openings along the sides that looks a bit like an oversized straw, to remove fat more gently while preserving the important connections between the skin and muscle. This fat-removal method minimized the chances of damage to surrounding tissue. In a variation on the technique, doctors began infusing into the fat small amounts of saline (salt water), which was identical in composition to the water in our body. This helped break up the fat globules, making them easier to remove. © Copyright 2000, David J. Leffell. MD. All rights reserved. 172 Look Your Best After the technique was introduced to the United States in 1982, lipo­ suction rapidly gained popularity, though the potential for complications, many related mostly to the use of general anesthesia, remained. Three years later, American dermatologist Jeffrey Klein introduced tumescent anesthesia. The tumescent technique involves injecting low-concentration anesthetic solution (lidocaine) into the fat combined with epinephrine (to reduce bleeding and prolong the anesthetic effect) and saline. Large vol­ umes of this solution are injected into the fat before surgery, thus swelling the area to approximately two to three times its normal size.
    [Show full text]
  • Obesity and Its Relation to Mortality Costs Report
    Obesity and its Relation to Mortality and Morbidity Costs DECEMBER 2010 SPONSORED BY PREPARED BY Committee on Life Insurance Research Donald F. Behan, PhD, FSA, FCA, MAAA Society of Actuaries Samuel H. Cox, PhD, FSA, CERA University of Manitoba CONTRIBUTING CO-AUTHORS: Yijia Lin, Ph.D. Jeffrey Pai, Ph.D, ASA Hal W. Pedersen, Ph.D, ASA Ming Yi, ASA The opinions expressed and conclusions reached by the authors are their own and do not represent any official position or opinion of the Society of Actuaries or its members. The Society of Actuaries makes no representation or warranty to the accuracy of the information. © 2010 Society of Actuaries, All Rights Reserved Obesity and its Relation to Mortality and Morbidity Costs Abstract We reviewed almost 500 research articles on obesity and its relation to mortality and morbidity, focusing primarily on papers published from January 1980 to June 2009. There is substantial evidence that obesity is a worldwide epidemic and that it has a significant negative impact on health, mortality and related costs. Overweight and obesity are associated with increased prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and some cancers. There also is evidence that increased weight is asso- ciated with kidney disease, stroke, osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Moreover, empirical studies report that obesity significantly increases the risk of death. We used the results to estimate costs due to overweight and obesity in the United States and Canada. We estimate that total annual economic cost of overweight and obesity in the United States and Canada caused by medical costs, excess mortality and disability is approximately $300 billion in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Appetizers Garlic Prawns Paros R79 Creamy Beef Strips R58 a Taste of the Island
    Appetizers Garlic Prawns Paros R79 Creamy Beef Strips R58 A taste of the island. Juicy prawns sautéed in Beef strips grilled in olive oil and rosemary. Served fresh garlic sauce and topped with melted in a creamy sauce with toasted Village bread. mozzarella cheese. Served with toasted Greek Village bread. Carpaccio R65 Thinly sliced fillets of beef, with Parmesan Grilled Calamari R59 shavings and fresh rocket. Drizzled with extra Tender and grilled over an open flame. Generously virgin olive oil and balsamic vinegar. drizzled with lemon butter sauce. Served with rice. Island Squid Heads R57 Garlic Snails R58 Dusted in seasoned flour and lightly fried. One 6 snails simmered in garlic butter. taste and you’ll know why we’re Africa’s favourite. add melted mozzarella R10 Prawns Saganaki R79 Oysters R21each Tender prawns sautéed in fresh tomato, white Have 3, 6, 12 or 69!!! Fresh oysters. wine, feta cheese, parsley and a topped with a Served on a bed of crushed ice. hint of chilli. Chicken Livers R50 Tiropita/Spanokopita (V) R55 A true delight! Creamy spicy livers grilled in Phyllo pastry filled with feta cheese and herbs, and olive oil and rosemary. Served with toasted Phyllo pastry filled with spinach. Village bread. Haloumi Cheese (V) R59 Mussels R59 A generous slice of this delicious Cypriot delicacy! Mussels poached in cream, white wine and Either served grilled or fried. garlic sauce. Garlic Prawns Paros U STAR O TE Appetizers Y D Keftedes/Meat Balls R58 S True Greek comfort food. Meatballs with fresh herbs. T Served with tzatziki. E G Meze & Ouzo R65 G A variety of freshly prepared meze, (Keftedes, Squid E Heads Calamari, chips, cucumber, tomato and olives) PLATIA T accompanied with Bread and Cool dips served with a Where People S D shot of Ouzo.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
    US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Childhood Obesity During the 1960S Are Available for Certain Age Groups
    NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS SEPTEMBER Health E-Stats 2018 Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity Among Children and Adolescents Aged 2–19 Years: United States, 1963–1965 Through 2015–2016 by Cheryl D. Fryar, M.S.P.H., Margaret D. Carroll, M.S.P.H., and Cynthia L. Ogden, Ph.D., Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys Results from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using measured heights and weights, indicate that an estimated 18.5% of U.S. children and adolescents aged 2–19 years have obesity, including 5.6% with severe obesity, and another 16.6% are overweight. Body mass index (BMI), expressed as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2), is commonly used to classify obesity among adults and is also recommended for use with children and adolescents. Cutoff criteria are based on the sex-specific BMI-for-age 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States (available from: https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/cdc_charts.htm). Based on current recommendations from expert committees, children and adolescents with BMI values at or above the 95th percentile of the growth charts are categorized as having obesity. This differs from previous years in which children and adolescents above this cutoff were categorized as overweight. This change in terminology reflects the category labels used by organizations such as the National Academy of Medicine and the American Academy of Pediatrics. For more information, see “Changes in Terminology for Childhood Overweight and Obesity,” available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr025.pdf.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Food, Great Stories from Korea
    GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIE FOOD, GREAT GREAT A Tableau of a Diamond Wedding Anniversary GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS This is a picture of an older couple from the 18th century repeating their wedding ceremony in celebration of their 60th anniversary. REGISTRATION NUMBER This painting vividly depicts a tableau in which their children offer up 11-1541000-001295-01 a cup of drink, wishing them health and longevity. The authorship of the painting is unknown, and the painting is currently housed in the National Museum of Korea. Designed to help foreigners understand Korean cuisine more easily and with greater accuracy, our <Korean Menu Guide> contains information on 154 Korean dishes in 10 languages. S <Korean Restaurant Guide 2011-Tokyo> introduces 34 excellent F Korean restaurants in the Greater Tokyo Area. ROM KOREA GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIES FROM KOREA The Korean Food Foundation is a specialized GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIES private organization that searches for new This book tells the many stories of Korean food, the rich flavors that have evolved generation dishes and conducts research on Korean cuisine after generation, meal after meal, for over several millennia on the Korean peninsula. in order to introduce Korean food and culinary A single dish usually leads to the creation of another through the expansion of time and space, FROM KOREA culture to the world, and support related making it impossible to count the exact number of dishes in the Korean cuisine. So, for this content development and marketing. <Korean Restaurant Guide 2011-Western Europe> (5 volumes in total) book, we have only included a selection of a hundred or so of the most representative.
    [Show full text]
  • November 21, 2014, NIH Record, Vol. LXVI, No. 24
    NOVEMBER 21, 2014 The Second Best Thing About Payday VOL. LXVI, NO. 24 At Kinyoun Lecture Blaser Explores Link Between Obesity, Antibiotic Use By Rich McManus ABOVE · Minnie Mouse (aka Tiffany Webb) stopped by R&W’s Halloween Party for the CFC. See story, more photos, p. 12. vidence is mounting that the epidem- E ic of obesity now girdling the globe might be traceable to alterations in the features human microbiome introduced by wide- 1 spread exposure to antibiotics, not only Blaser Probes Suggestive Links as medication for people but also possibly Between Obesity, Antibiotic Use in our diet; farm animals are fattened for 3 market with sub-therapeutic antibiotic Kumanyika To Give Gordon Lecture treatment introduced in animal feed and water from an early age. 5 Such was the case made at this year’s Spong Named NICHD Deputy Director NIAID Joseph J. Kinyoun Lecture by Dr. Martin Blaser, Muriel and George Singer 12 professor of medicine at New York Uni- Dr. Martin Blaser gives Kinyoun Lecture at NIH. Halloween Costumes Entertain at versity Langone Medical Center. His talk, CFC Event “Early Life Microbiome Influences on Metabolism, Immunity and Disease Risk,” ar- gued that human exposure to antibiotics early in life induces permanent changes in departments see blaser, page 6 Melanoma: Both Disease and Treatments Global Health Ramp Up From Ebola to E-Cigarettes: Experts Briefs 2 By Rich McManus Discuss Global Challenges Milestones 10 By Dana Talesnik Feedback 11 Among all the types of cancer affecting Ameri- Seen 12 cans, none is increasing faster than melanoma, As Ebola rages on in West Africa, the world the diagnosis of which has been steadily grow- caught itself unprepared to quell the outbreak ing at a rate of about 4 percent each year since of this deadly, infec- 1973.
    [Show full text]