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European Society of Nematologists, 25Th International Symposium On Nematology,2000,V ol.2(7), 739-803 Symposium abstracts Desiccation stress of insect-killingnematodes inducesthe accumulation of a novel heat-stable protein Solomon AHARON 1, Salomon RAFFI 2, Paperna ILAN 1 and Glazer ITAMAR 3 1 Departmentof AnimalSciences, F acultyof Agricultural, F oodand Environmental Quality Sciences of theHebrew University of Jerusalem,Rehovot 76100, Israel 2 Departmentof Virology,ARO, TheV olcaniCenter ,BetDagan, 50250, Israel 3 Departmentof Nematology,ARO, TheV olcaniCenter ,BetDagan, 50250, Israel Presentedat the 25th International Nematology Symposium, Herzliya, Israel, 2-7 April 2000 Infectivejuveniles (IJ) ofentomopathogenicnematodesof cumulatedto high concentrations by organisms that nat- thefamilies Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae can urallysurvive dehydration. A secondcycle of IJ dehy- activelylocate, infect and kill, with the cooperation of a drationdid not alter the RCL of Desc47 (79.3% for the symbioticbacterium, a widerange of insect species. Both rst cycleand 73.3% for thesecond cycle). Desc47 re- Steinernema and Heterorhabditis passthrough four juve- tainedits high RCL (69.7%) in rehydrated active IJ for nilestages in theinsect host before maturing. Only the IJ 3days,reaching 51.2% of its initial RCL only after a (third-stagelarva) can survive outside the insect host and week.No homology to otherknown proteins was foundby movefrom oneinsect to another.These parasitoid nema- mass-spectrometryelectrospray-ion-trap analysis. How- todesare considered among the most promising alterna- ever,from veobtained sequences of theprotein (ranging tivesto chemical control of insect pests. However, their from 10to21 aminoacids), the 21-amino-acid peptide N sensitivityto desiccation stress and other environmental VASDAVETVGNAAGQAG(D/T)AVshowed constraintsreduces their eldef cacy. Therefore, in or- 82%similarity and 59% identity to the Caenorhabditis derto understand better the molecular mechanisms which elegans lateembryogenesis abundant (LEA) homologue elicitresistance to desiccation stress in entomopathogeni c protein,and 79% similarity and 53% identity to theLEA nematodes,we identifya novelwater-stress-related pro- group3-like protein from thefern Oncleasensibilis . LEA teinwhich is induced in Steinernemafeltiae (IS-6) dur- proteinsare a diversegroup of water-stress-related pro- ingthe process of inducingthe IJ intoa quiescentanhy- teins,heat-stable, that are expressedin maturing seeds, drobioticstate. The protein was foundto be heat-stable undercold stress and duringwater de cit in the vegetative witha molecularmass of47 kDa (designated Desc47). Desc47accumulated about 10-fold (from 7.84 1.85 to tissuesof higherplants. In plants, accumulation of LEA is 74.09 4.35%relative content level [RCL]) § indehy- alsoaccompanied by theaccumulation of solublesugars drated§clumps of IJ, whichlost 34.4% of theirinitial wa- suchas sucrose. These water-stress-related proteins and tercontent (WC) (from 65.1 1.7% to 42.7 0.72%) solublesugars have been suggested to play a majorrole ina desiccation-tolerance-inducing§ treatment (97% § rela- indesiccationtolerance. Our ndingsin thepresent study tivehumidity [RH] for 3days).The appearance of Desc47 mayindicate a commonmolecular mechanism in nema- was accompaniedby trehaloseaccumulation (from 300to todesand plants which elicits resistance to desiccation 600mg trehalose/ gprotein).Trehalose is knownto beac- stress. c KoninklijkeBrill NV ,Leiden,2000 739 ® Symposiumabstract Root-knot nematode project expressed sequencetag (EST) Pierre ABAD, Philippe CASTAGNONE-SERENO andMarie-Noë lle R OSSO INRA, UnitéSanté Vé gé tale et Environnement,Nematology Department, B.P .2078,06606 Antibes Cedex, France Presentedat the 25th International Nematology Symposium, Herzliya, Israel, 2-7 April 2000 Withthe aim to identify root-knot nematode genes in- begrouped in three main categories: i)sequenceswith volvedin plantparasitism, e.g.,migrationin the root tis- nohomologyin databases; ii)genesencoding housekeep- sue,feeding cell induction, virulence phenotype, we are ingproteins such as those involved in translation or key developinga largescale EST project(5000 clones). A enzymesin metabolic pathways, and, more interestingly; cDNA library(Zap vector) was constructedfrom invasive iii)genesputatively involved in nematodeparasitism e.g., second-stagejuveniles of Meloidogyneincognita . Before genesencoding proteins involved in protection against ox- sequencing,the quality of thelibrary was checkedby an- idativestress. The proportion of genes encoding poten- alyzingthe number of primaryrecombinants ( > 106) and tiallysecreted proteins was evaluated.These preliminary thelength of theinserts ( > 1kb).Here we reportthe data resultswill be discussedin relationto current knowledge obtainedfrom 300sequenced clones. The mRNAs could ofplant-pathogeninteractions. Effect of temperature and pH on development of nematode trapping fungi Aniko ANTAL 1, Erzsebet DORMANNS-SIMON 2 andC. JohannesK OK 3 1 PannonUniversity of Agricultural Sciences Georgikon F aculty,Department of Entomology,Deak F .str.57,8360 Keszthely, Hungary 2 CsongradCounty Plant Health and Soil Conservation Station, Biological Control and Quarantine Development Laboratory, P.O.Box 99, 6800 Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary 3 IPO ResearchInstitute for Plant Protection, P .O.Box 9060, 6700 GW Wageningen,The Netherlands Presentedat the 25th International Nematology Symposium, Herzliya, Israel, 2-7 April 2000 Thepurpose of thesestudies was todeterminethe effectof ofpracticallyall strains was fast.At 35 °C,development environmentalfactors on potentialbiological agents. The stoppedand some strains were damagedby this tem- experimentswere carriedout by nematodetrapping fungi perature.Altogether it was establishedthat Monacrospo- belongingto Arthrobotrys and Monacrosporium genera, rium isolatespreferred lower temperatures compared with suitablefor biologicalcontrol of Meloidogyne nematodes. Arthrobotrys isolates.Concerning the effect of pH, the Thetrials were carriedout in vitro onPDA plates.The ex- bestgrowth was observedat pH 7. The isolates did not aminedtemperatures ranged from 5to35 °C, in 5°C inter- growat pH 3,4,and 5. At pH6,fastdevelopment was ob- vals.The pH intervals ranged from 3to11.At 5 °C the iso- latespractically did not grow .At 10 °C,growthwas poor, servedinitially but then growth slowed down. At pH8,9, exceptfor the Monacrosporium strainsthat showed bet- 10,and11 developmentwas slowand differences between teractivity. In the interval from 15to 30 °C,the growth isolateswere notsigni cant. 740 Nematology Symposiumabstract Inuence of climaticand crop management conditions on Xiphinema index populations and GFLVspread inCastilla-La Mancha (Spain) vineyards María ARIAS 1, Jesús FRESNO 2 andAntonio L ÓPEZ-PÉREZ 1 1 DptoAgroecologí a, Centrode Ciencias Medioambientales, CSIC. Serrano 115 dpdo, 28006 Madrid, Spain 2 Dptode MejoraGené tica y Biotecnología, SGIT-INIA,Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5,28040 Madrid, Spain Presentedat the 25th International Nematology Symposium, Herzliya, Israel, 2-7 April 2000 A study on Xiphinemaindex andGFL Vincidencehas banding,symptoms appear, GFL Vdispersaland X. in- beencarried out in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) vineyards, dex populationsincreases occur, while in those under tra- wherethe climatic conditions and traditional crop man- ditionalmanagement disease and pathogens remain sta- agementprevent the pathogen development. Many plants blefor years.On the other hand, in vineyards with virus diedbecause of thedry climatic conditions (rainfall rates andnematode presence, only isolated wood and fanleaf about300 mm) in1988-1996. Therefore, different irri- symptomsin smallpatches were observedin dry periods, gationsystems were introducedto grow plants and in- theyellow mosaic and veinbanding symptoms becoming creasetheir production. The in uence of climaticand crop patentsince 1996 to 1999 when the climatic conditions managementconditions are analyzed by comparing the situationin vineyards with drop irrigation or under tra- changed(rainfall rates over 600 mm). Itis concludedthat ditionalmanagement and between different rainfall peri- onintroducing irrigation, the risk of thesepathogens in- ods.Results show that in vineyards where irrigation had creasingmust be considered before the introduction of beenintroduced, yellow mosaic, sometimes plus vein- newmanagement techniques. Durable resistance management of soil-borne quarantine nematode pests Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax Jaap BAKKER 1,WladyslawG OLINOWSKI 2, Richard JANSSEN 3, Joka KLAP 4, Didier MUGNIÉRY 5, Mark S. PHILLIPS 6,MichaellaS CHLATHÖLTE R 7 andJ.G. Hans V AN DER BEEK 3 1 Laboratoryof Nematology,W ageningenUniversity and Research Centre, P .O.Box 8123, NL-6700 ES Wageningen,The Netherlands 2 Departmentof Botany(SGGW), F acultyof Agriculture, W arsawAgricultural University, Rakowiecka 26/ 30,P-02-528 W arsaw, Poland 3 PlantResearch International, W ageningenUniversity and Research Centre, P .O.Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen,The Netherlands 4 BarenburgResearch, Duitsekampweg 60, NL-6874 BX Wolfheze,The Netherlands 5 Laboratoirede Zoologie,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de laMotte,P .O.Box 29, F-35160 Le Rheu, France 6 Departmentof Nematology,Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA Dundee,United Kingdom 7 P.H.P etersenSaatsucht Lundsgaard, Streichmü hler Strasse 8, D-24977Grundhof, Germany Presentedat the 25th International Nematology Symposium, Herzliya, Israel, 2-7 April 2000 TheEU-funded project QLRT -1999-1462DREAM
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