Cedro Landscape Restoration Project Pre-Decisional Environmental Assessment

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Cedro Landscape Restoration Project Pre-Decisional Environmental Assessment United States Department of Agriculture Cedro Landscape Restoration Project Pre-Decisional Environmental Assessment Forest Service Cibola National Forest & National Grasslands Sandia Ranger District March 2016 For more information contact: Crystal Powell, District Ranger 11776 Highway 337 Tijeras, NM 87059 505-281-3304 In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: [email protected]. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. Table of Contents 1 Purpose of and Need for Action .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Proposed Action ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Need for the Proposal ....................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Existing Conditions .......................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Desired Conditions ........................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Decision Framework ...................................................................................................... 11 1.7 Public Involvement ........................................................................................................ 11 1.8 Issues .............................................................................................................................. 12 2 Alternatives ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.1 Alternative A – No Action ............................................................................................. 13 2.2 Alternative B – The Proposed Action ............................................................................ 13 2.3 Alterative C – No Herbicide Use ................................................................................... 26 2.4 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Analysis ................................................. 29 2.5 Design Criteria Common to Action Alternatives ........................................................... 29 2.6 New Mexico Forest Restoration Principles .................................................................... 37 2.7 Comparison of Alternatives ........................................................................................... 43 3 Environmental Consequences................................................................................................ 44 3.1 Vegetation ...................................................................................................................... 44 Affected Environment ........................................................................................................... 44 Environmental Consequences................................................................................................ 47 Cumulative Effects ................................................................................................................ 50 3.2 Fuels and Fire Behavior ................................................................................................. 51 Affected Environment ........................................................................................................... 51 Environmental Consequences................................................................................................ 55 Cumulative Effects ................................................................................................................ 57 Air Resources ........................................................................................................................ 57 Climate and Climate Change ................................................................................................. 58 3.3 Soil ................................................................................................................................. 60 Affected Environment ........................................................................................................... 60 Environmental Consequences................................................................................................ 62 Cumulative Effects ................................................................................................................ 68 3.4 Water Resources ............................................................................................................. 68 Affected Environment ........................................................................................................... 68 Environmental Consequences................................................................................................ 70 Cumulative Effects ................................................................................................................ 77 3.5 Wildlife........................................................................................................................... 77 Affected Environment ........................................................................................................... 77 Environmental Consequences................................................................................................ 88 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................. 113 3.6 Recreation Resources ................................................................................................... 115 Affected Environment ......................................................................................................... 115 Environmental Consequences.............................................................................................. 115 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................. 120 3.7 Scenic Resources .......................................................................................................... 121 Affected Environment ......................................................................................................... 121 Environmental Consequences.............................................................................................. 121 Chapter 1. Purpose of and Need for Action Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................. 127 3.8 Transportation .............................................................................................................. 127 Affected Environment ......................................................................................................... 127 Environmental Consequences.............................................................................................. 128 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................. 130 3.9 Heritage Resources ....................................................................................................... 130 Affected Environment ......................................................................................................... 130 Environmental Consequences.............................................................................................. 130 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................. 132 3.10 Human Health and Safety ............................................................................................ 133 Affected Environment
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