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A Comparative Study of Socio-Economic Status and Living

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A Comparative Study of Socio-Economic Status and Living A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND LIVING CONDITIONS AMONG RESIDENTS OF WANAHEDA FORMAL AND HAKAHANA INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY MALAKIA HAIMBODI 200504916 MARCH 2014 Supervisor: Prof. Piet van Rooyen (UNAM) External Examiner: Dr. Costa Hofisi (North-West University) TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................................................. iii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................................. v DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER ONE: Orientation of the study .......................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the problem.........................................................................................................3 1.3 Research objectives .................................................................................................................3 1.4 Research questions ..................................................................................................................4 1.5 Significance of the study ..........................................................................................................4 1.6 Limitations of the study ...........................................................................................................5 CHAPTER TWO: Theoretical Framework and Literature Review ..................................................6 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................6 2.2 Informal settlements and poverty ............................................................................................6 2.3 Origins of informal settlements in Namibia .............................................................................9 2.4 Push and Pull Factors and Rural to Urban Migration ........................................................... 13 2.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER THREE: Research Design and Methodology ............................................................... 18 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Research design ..................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Population ............................................................................................................................. 18 3.4 Sample, sampling procedures and sample size ....................................................................... 18 3.5 Research instruments ............................................................................................................ 19 3.6 The questionnaire .................................................................................................................. 19 3.8 Procedure .............................................................................................................................. 19 3.9 Procedures for data collection ............................................................................................... 20 3.10 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................ 20 3.11 Research ethics .................................................................................................................... 20 3.12 Confidentiality ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.13 Right to privacy ................................................................................................................... 21 3.14 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER FOUR : Presentation of Data/Research Findings ......................................................... 22 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Location of the settlements .................................................................................................... 22 4.3 Demographic characteristics ................................................................................................. 22 4.4 Available services .................................................................................................................. 27 4.5 The sources of Energy used in Hakahana and Wanaheda...................................................... 28 4.6 Livelihood Systems ............................................................................................................ 30 4.7 Ownership of electrical appliance ...................................................................................... 33 4.8 Average number of people per households ......................................................................... 34 4.9 Ownership of vehicles ........................................................................................................ 34 4.10 Money spent on a daily basis ............................................................................................ 34 4.11 Level of Education ........................................................................................................... 35 4.12 The level of sanitation in Hakahana and Wanaheda ........................................................ 37 4.13 A comparison of how respondents obtained building materials in Wanaheda and Hakahana.................................................................................................................................... 38 4.14 The level of financial expenses per day by Wanaheda and Hakahana .................................. 39 4.15 Strategies to deal with informal settlements ......................................................................... 39 4.16 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion of Findings ....................................................................................... 41 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 41 5.2 Discussion of findings ............................................................................................................ 41 5.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 45 CHAPTER SIX: Summary and Recommendations ........................................................................ 46 6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 46 6.2 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 46 6.3 Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 48 6.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 49 6.5 Directions for Future Research .............................................................................................. 49 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 50 APPENDIX 1 .................................................................................................................................. 55 APPENDIX 2 .................................................................................................................................. 66 APPENDIX 3 .................................................................................................................................. 67 APPENDIX 4: HAKAHANA MAP ................................................................................................. 72 APPENDIX 5: WANAHEDA MAP ................................................................................................ 73 ABSTRACT The study was a qualitative comparison of the socio economic factors among the residents of Wanaheda formal settlement and Hakahana informal settlement. The study intended also to find out services that are available in Hakahana and compare them to those found in Wanaheda. The research was located in the interpretive paradigm and it was an exploratory case study of the two settlements. The area involved in this study consisted of a population of
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