DOCSLIB.ORG

The House of the Rothschild Vol. 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The House of the Rothschild Vol. 1 The House Of the Rothschild Vol. 1 Niall Ferguson Table of Contents PENGUIN BOOKS Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Acknowledgements Introduction I - Father and Sons ONE - “Our Blessed Father”: Origins TWO - The Elector’s Treasure II - Brothers THREE - “The Commanding General” (1813-1815) FOUR - A“ Court Always Leads to Something” (1816-1825) FIVE - “Hue and Cry” (1826-1829) SIX - Amschel’s Garden SEVEN - Barons EIGHT - Sudden Revolutions (1830-1833) NINE - The Chains of Peace (1830-1833) TEN - The World’s Bankers ELEVEN - “Il est mort” (1836) III - Uncles and Nephews TWELVE - Love and Debt THIRTEEN - Quicksilver and Hickory (1834-1839) FOURTEEN - Between Retrenchment and Rearmament (1840) FIFTEEN - “Satan Harnessed”: Playing at Railways (1830-1846) SIXTEEN - 1848 APPENDIX 1 - Prices and Purchasing Power APPENDIX 2 - Exchange Rates and Selected Financial Statistics NOTES INDEX Praise for The House of Rothschild: Money’s Prophets, 1798-1848 “This is a major achievement of historical scholarship and historical imagination. Ferguson’s work reaffirms one’s faith in the possibility of great historical writing.”—Fritz Stern “Ferguson’s first volume on the Rothschilds is a tour de force by a brilliant and industrious young scholar.” —Los Angeles Times Book Review “A great biography.”—Time magazine “Absorbing . Their enthralling story has been told before, but never in such authoritative detail.” —The New York Times Book Review “ Well written, superbly illustrated . account of the Rothschilds’ phenomenal success.” —The Boston Globe Book Review “ Niall Ferguson’s rich and compelling new book . is a feast.” —The Wall Street Journal “Spellbinding, [Ferguson] has done a brilliant job of depicting this far-flung family and also offers an amazing insider’s look. His exhaustive study surpasses anything about the Rothschilds to date.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) “Ferguson’s fluid, masterful synthesis of a vast amount of material . brings vitality to a series of compelling issues.” —Business Week “[Ferguson] skillfully weaves together the financial and family themes of the book. Any reader fascinated by modern financing and banking will be well satisfied. But [The House of Rothschild ] . will give even more pleasure to those captivated by a unique dynasty . that flourished beyond all dreams.” —The American Statesman PENGUIN BOOKS THE HOUSE OF ROTHSCHILD Born in Glasgow in 1964, Niall Ferguson is Fellow and Tutor of Modern History at Jesus College, Oxford, as well as a political commentator and author. His previous publications include Paper and Iron: Hamburg Business and German Politics in the Era of Inflation 1897-1927, the bestselling book, Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals, and The Pity of War. PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Putnam Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Books Ltd, 27 Wrights Lane, London W8 5TZ, England Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 Penguin Books (N.Z.) Ltd, 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England First published in the United States of America by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Putnam Inc. 1998 Published in Penguin Books 1999 Copyright © Niall Ferguson, 1998 All rights reserved This is the first of two volumes of The House of Rothschild. In Great Britain The House of Rothschild was published as one volume by Weidenfeld & Nicolson under the title The World’s Banker. CIP data available. EISBN : 978-1-101-15730-5 http://us.penguingroup.com For Susan, Felix and Freya ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Documents from the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle are quoted with the gracious permission of Her Majesty the Queen. It was Sir Evelyn de Rothschild, chairman of N. M. Rothschild & Sons, who originally suggested that the writing of a history of the firm would be a good way to mark the bicentenary of his great-great-grandfather Nathan Mayer Rothschild’s arrival in England; I owe a special debt to him for opening the Rothschild Archive to me. Amschel Rothschild also took a keen interest in the project before his tragic death in 1996. Lord Rothschild, Edmund de Rothschild, Leopold de Rothschild and Baron David de Rothschild were all kind enough to agree to be interviewed. They and others also took the trouble to read and comment on substantial parts of the text. I am grateful to Miriam Rothschild for her corrections to an early version of the epilogue, and to Baron Guy de Rothschild for his looking over those passages relating to the recent history of the French bank and family. Emma Rothschild read and commented on the first draft in its entirety, a considerable distraction from her own research and writing for which I thank her. Lionel de Rothschild saved me from innumerable slips by reading and meticulously annotating the first draft, a labour for which this acknowledgement seems a very meagre wage. I should also like to thank the Earl and Countess of Rosebery for giving me access to the private papers of the 5th Earl, and for their kind hospitality at Dalmeny. A number of directors and employees at N. M. Rothschild & Sons have also assisted me. In particular, I should like to thank Tony Chapman, Russell Edey, Grant Manheim, Bernard Myers and David Sullivan, as well as Lorna Lindsay, Hazel Matthews and Oleg Sheiko. A project such as this depends heavily on the expertise and toil of archivists and librarians. I owe a special debt of gratitude to those at the Rothschild Archive: Victor Gray and Melanie Aspey, and their assistants Tamsin Black and Mandy Bell, who have uncomplainingly put up with my erratic work methods and unpredictable demands. I should also like to thank their predecessors, Simone Mace and Ann Andlaw. Sheila de Bellaigue, Registrar of the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle, was a model of efficiency; as were Henry Gillett and Sarah Millard at the Bank of England and Robin Harcourt- Williams at Hatfield House. I should like to record my gratitude to Dr M. M. Muchamedjanov and his assistants at the Centre for the Preservation of Historical Documentary Collections in Moscow. In addition, I and my research assistants have received invaluable help from the archivists and librarians at the Anglo-Jewish Archives, University of Southampton; the Archives Nationales, Paris; the Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Munich; the Birmingham University Library; the Bodleian Library; the British Library; the Cambridge University Library; the Geheime Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin-Dahlem; the Hessische Staatsarchiv, Marburg; the House of Lords Record Office; the Institut für Stadtgeschichte, Frankfurt; the Jewish Museum, Frankfurt; the Leo Baeck Institute, New York; the National Library of Scotland; Rhodes House, Oxford; The Times Archive; and the Thüringische Hauptstaatsarchiv, Weimar. See “Note: On Being an ‘Authorised’ Author” at the end of the acknowledgements. Lord Weidenfeld was the match-maker who suggested that I might like to write this book and for that (and many other kindnesses) I shall always be in his debt. I am indebted too to Anthony Cheetham at Orion for investing in me and offering only encouragement as deadlines passed and the manuscript overshot the agreed length. Ion Trewin has been and is a superb editor; the same goes for Peter James, my copy-editor. I should also like to thank Rachel Leyshon, Francis Gotto and Carl Stott for their contributions. My agents, successively Gill Coleridge and Georgina Capel, provided all the shrewd advice and tenacious negotiation an author could wish for. This book could not have been written in five years—indeed, it could not have been written—without a great deal of research assistance. I must make special mention of Mordechai Zucker, whose unique ability to decipher the archaic Hebrew script used by the first and second generations of Rothschilds was a sine qua non. Thanks to the translations which he had been working on for years before I came on the scene, and through his tape-recorded readings of the original Judendeutsch, Mordechai has been the eyes through which I have been able to read the most important of all the documents on which this book is based. Nor would I have got far with the correspondence of the French Rothschilds without the invaluable Abi gail Green, who also hunted down long-lost literary allusions to the Rothschilds. Edward Lipman did great things on financial questions; while Rainer Liedtke provided vital expertise on Jewish history. Harry Seekings and Glen O’Hara slaved over nineteenth-century financial statistics. Andrew Vereker chased Natty Rothschild’s dispersed political correspondence. I should also like to thank Katherine Astill, Elizabeth Emerson, Bernhard Fulda, Tobias Jones and Suzanne Nicholas. The finished text owes much to the critical comments of other historians on earlier drafts. David Landes acted on the family’s behalf as a kind of editor-cum-Dok torvater. It has been a rare privilege to be so attentively read by one of the acknowledged masters of modern economic history. I must also thank another master in the field, Barry Supple, for finding the time to read the first draft; as well as my old friend Jonathan Steinberg, who generously read the early chapters at a very difficult time. Fritz Backhaus and Helga Krohn of the Jewish Museum in Frankfurt gave me invaluable material which they had gathered for their outstanding exhibition; I warmly thank them and their assistant Rainer Schlott. Others who have read and commented on individual chapters include Robert Evans, Gerry Feldman, John Grigg, Lord Jenkins of Hillhead, Rainer Liedtke, Reinhard Liehr, Wolfgang Mommsen, Susannah Morris, Aubrey Newman, Sir John Plumb, Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann and Andrew Roberts. I am grateful to them all for these good works, as well as to all those who have commented on conference and seminar papers I have given on aspects of Rothschild history.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nachkommen Mayer Amschel Rothschild
    Nachkommen Mayer Amschel Rothschild Die folgende Nachfahrenliste von Mayer Amschel Rothschild wurde hier 2005 recherchiert und bedarf deshalb vereinzelt einer Nachbearbeitung. Die 1.878 bekannten Nachfahren werden von 1.224 Personen dargestellt, was auf die Heiratspolitik des Hauses Rothschild zurückzuführen ist. Durch die wechselnden Wohnsitze ergaben sich Probleme bei der Zuordnung der Orte, der Schreibweise des Familiennamens und der zugehörigen Titel. Hier bitte ich den Nutzer um Nachsicht. Die hier erfolgte Kurzdarstellung auf 106 Seiten wurde der Übersicht halber einer ausführlicheren Darstellung unter Einbeziehung der Quellen und Notizen vorgezogen. Diese hätte 1.235 Seiten in Anspruch genommen. Nachkommen von Rothschild, Mayer Amschel a. Rothschild, Mayer Amschel (* 1744-02-23 - Frankfurt, † 1812-09-19 - Frankfurt) 00 Partner Schnapper, Gütle (Gertrude) (* 1753-08-23 - Frankfurt, † 1849-05-07 - Frankfurt), 00 1770-08-29 - Frankfurt b1.von Rothschild, Amschel Mayer (* 1773-06-12 - Frankfurt, † 1855-12-06 - Frankfurt) 00 Partner Hanau, Eva (Hebele) (* 1779-12-05, † 1848-07-14), 00 1796-11-16 b2.von Rothschild, Salomon Mayer (* 1774-09-09 - Frankfurt, † 1855-07-27 - Paris (Frankreich)) 00 Partner Stern, Caroline (* 1782-03-18, † 1854-11-25), 00 1800-11-26 - Frankfurt c1.von Rothschild, Anselm Salomon (* 1803-01-29 - Frankfurt (Wien, Österreich), † 1874-07-27 - Ober-Döbling bei Wien) Partner von Rothschild, Charlotte (* 1807-08-10 - London (England) (?), † 1859-05-17 - 26 Grünburg bei Frankfurt), AD 1826-09-11 d1.von Rothschild, Albert
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Year April 2000 – March 2001 508964AR.CHI 8/23/02 12:18 PM Page *2
    508964AR.CHI 8/23/02 12:18 PM Page *1 THE ROTHSCHILD ARCHIVE Review of the year April 2000 – March 2001 508964AR.CHI 8/23/02 12:18 PM Page *2 Cover Picture: Mr S. V. J. Scott, a Clerk at N M Rothschild & Sons, photographed at his desk in the General Office, 1937 508964AR.CHI 8/23/02 12:18 PM Page *3 The Rothschild Archive Trust Trustees Emma Rothschild (Chair) Baron Eric de Rothschild Lionel de Rothschild Professor David Landes Anthony Chapman Staff Victor Gray (Director) Melanie Aspey (Archivist) Elaine Penn (Assistant Archivist) Richard Schofield (Assistant Archivist) Mandy Bell (Archives Assistant to October 2000) Gill Crust (Secretary) The Rothschild Archive, New Court, St. Swithin’s Lane, London EC4P 4DU Tel. +44 (0)20 7280 5874, Fax +44 (0)20 7280 5657, E-mail [email protected] Website: www.rothschildarchive.org Company No. 3702208 Registered Charity No. 1075340 508964AR.CHI 8/23/02 12:18 PM Page *4 508964AR.CHI 8/23/02 12:18 PM Page *5 CONTENTS Introduction ..................................................................... 1 Emma Rothschild, Chairman of the Rothschild Archive Trust Review of the Year’s Work .................................................. 2 Victor Gray The Cash Nexus: Bankers and Politics in History ......................... 9 Professor Niall Ferguson ‘Up to our noses in smoke’ .................................................. 16 Richard Schofield Rothschild in the News....................................................... 22 Melanie Aspey Charles Stuart and the Secret Service ...................................
    [Show full text]
  • The German Civil Code
    TUE A ERICANI LAW REGISTER FOUNDED 1852. UNIERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPART=ENT OF LAW VOL. {4 0 - S'I DECEMBER, 1902. No. 12. THE GERMAN CIVIL CODE. (Das Biirgerliche Gesetzbuch.) SOURCES-PREPARATION-ADOPTION. The magnitude of an attempt to codify the German civil. laws can be adequately appreciated only by remembering that for more than fifteefn centuries central Europe was the world's arena for startling political changes radically involv- ing territorial boundaries and of necessity affecting private as well as public law. With no thought of presenting new data, but that the reader may properly marshall events for an accurate compre- hension of the irregular development of the law into the modem and concrete results, it is necessary to call attention to some of the political- and social factors which have been potent and conspicuous since the eighth century. Notwithstanding the boast of Charles the Great that he was both master of Europe and the chosen pr6pagandist of Christianity and despite his efforts in urging general accept- ance of the Roman law, which the Latinized Celts of the western and southern parts of his titular domain had orig- THE GERM AN CIVIL CODE. inally been forced to receive and later had willingly retained, upon none of those three points did the facts sustain his van- ity. He was constrained to recognize that beyond the Rhine there were great tribes, anciently nomadic, but for some cen- turies become agricultural when not engaged in their normal and chief occupation, war, who were by no means under his control. His missii or special commissioners to those people were not well received and his laws were not much respected.
    [Show full text]
  • How Britain Unified Germany: Geography and the Rise of Prussia
    — Early draft. Please do not quote, cite, or redistribute without written permission of the authors. — How Britain Unified Germany: Geography and the Rise of Prussia After 1815∗ Thilo R. Huningy and Nikolaus Wolfz Abstract We analyze the formation oft he German Zollverein as an example how geography can shape institutional change. We show how the redrawing of the European map at the Congress of Vienna—notably Prussia’s control over the Rhineland and Westphalia—affected the incentives for policymakers to cooperate. The new borders were not endogenous. They were at odds with the strategy of Prussia, but followed from Britain’s intervention at Vienna regarding the Polish-Saxon question. For many small German states, the resulting borders changed the trade-off between the benefits from cooperation with Prussia and the costs of losing political control. Based on GIS data on Central Europe for 1818–1854 we estimate a simple model of the incentives to join an existing customs union. The model can explain the sequence of states joining the Prussian Zollverein extremely well. Moreover we run a counterfactual exercise: if Prussia would have succeeded with her strategy to gain the entire Kingdom of Saxony instead of the western provinces, the Zollverein would not have formed. We conclude that geography can shape institutional change. To put it different, as collateral damage to her intervention at Vienna,”’Britain unified Germany”’. JEL Codes: C31, F13, N73 ∗We would like to thank Robert C. Allen, Nicholas Crafts, Theresa Gutberlet, Theocharis N. Grigoriadis, Ulas Karakoc, Daniel Kreßner, Stelios Michalopoulos, Klaus Desmet, Florian Ploeckl, Kevin H.
    [Show full text]
  • Howard J. Garber Letter Collection This Collection Was the Gift of Howard J
    Howard J. Garber Letter Collection This collection was the gift of Howard J. Garber to Case Western Reserve University from 1979 to 1993. Dr. Howard Garber, who donated the materials in the Howard J. Garber Manuscript Collection, is a former Clevelander and alumnus of Case Western Reserve University. Between 1979 and 1993, Dr. Garber donated over 2,000 autograph letters, documents and books to the Department of Special Collections. Dr. Garber's interest in history, particularly British royalty led to his affinity for collecting manuscripts. The collection focuses primarily on political, historical and literary figures in Great Britain and includes signatures of all the Prime Ministers and First Lords of the Treasury. Many interesting items can be found in the collection, including letters from Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Robert Browning Thomas Hardy, Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, King George III, and Virginia Woolf. Descriptions of the Garber Collection books containing autographs and tipped-in letters can be found in the online catalog. Box 1 [oversize location noted in description] Abbott, Charles (1762-1832) English Jurist. • ALS, 1 p., n.d., n.p., to ? A'Beckett, Gilbert A. (1811-1856) Comic Writer. • ALS, 3p., April 7, 1848, Mount Temple, to Morris Barnett. Abercrombie, Lascelles. (1881-1938) Poet and Literary Critic. • A.L.S., 1 p., March 5, n.y., Sheffield, to M----? & Hughes. Aberdeen, George Hamilton Gordon (1784-1860) British Prime Minister. • ALS, 1 p., June 8, 1827, n.p., to Augustous John Fischer. • ANS, 1 p., August 9, 1839, n.p., to Mr. Wright. • ALS, 1 p., January 10, 1853, London, to Cosmos Innes.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014/2015 (Formerly Paris Orléans)
    Annual Report 2014/2015 (Formerly Paris Orléans) Annual Report 2014/2015 02 Paris Orléans – Annual Report 2014 / 2015 Contents Message from the Company’s Managing Partner 06 Message from the Chairman of the Supervisory Board 11 1. Overview 13 Overview of businesses 14 World presence 16 Governance 18 Group economical organisation chart 21 Corporate social responsibility 22 Shareholder information 23 2. Business review 27 Global Financial Advisory 28 Wealth & Asset Management 34 Merchant Banking 42 3. Management report 51 Results as at 31 March 2015 52 Information on the Company and share capital 54 Corporate governance 67 Corporate social responsibility 107 Other information 120 4. Financial statements 123 Consolidated financial statements 124 Parent company financial statements 186 Annual Report 2014/2015 – Paris Orléans 03 Paris Orléans over time 1838 Creation of Paris Orléans, a French railway company. 1937 Paris Orléans discontinues its railway business. Relaunch of Rothschild’s French activities through Paris Orléans following 1982 the nationalisation of the Rothschild family’s French bank in 1981. Move to unify and optimise the worldwide Group structures with the creation of a new lead entity, Concordia BV, held equally by Paris Orléans and 2003 the English branch of the Rothschild family. Acquired control of the banking activities at a global level and completed 2008 reorganisation of family shareholdings. Paris Orléans’ reorganisation to streamline its organisation, optimise its regulatory capital and preserve family control, with its conversion into 2012 a partnership limited by shares. 2015 Paris Orléans will change its name to Rothschild & Co. Today’s integrated Group offers full-scale financial advice Today and services around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Theyear's Work
    Review of theYear’s Work Melanie Aspey, Director of The Rothschild Archive Researchers Numerous visits to the London reading room have been made by members of an ambitious research project led by Pauline Prevost Marcilhacy. The project aims to record and catalogue the many thousand objects – pictures, jewels, statuary, objets d’art – presented to museums and gal- leries in France by members of the Rothschild family. Ulrich Leben, a member of the team, is a contributor to this issue of the Review. The Archive has received a number of publications and offprints from members of the research team, including Les Rothschild et la Commande architec- turale: collaboration ou maîtrise d’oeuvre, in Architectes et Commanditaires, Cas particuliers du XVIè au XXè edited by Tarek Berrada (Paris: Louvre, 2006); Charlotte de Rothschild, Artiste, Collectionneur et Mécène in Histoires d’Art – Mélanges en l’Honneur de Bruno Foucart, vol.ii, edited by B. Jobert, A. Goetz et S. Texier, (Paris: 2008) and Le grand Appartement de l’Hôtel St Florentin, fleuron de l’architecture néoclassique by Fabrice Ouziel in L’Estampille / L’Objet d’Art, September 2008. Sponsored by a Rothschild family trust in France, the project is a collaborative venture with the Louvre. Dr Junji Suzuki contacted the Archive in the course of his research into the development of Japanese gardens in France. Dr Suzuki had long suspected that the Japanese gardens at Boulogne-sur-Seine, the property of Baron Edmond de Rothschild, were the work of the renowned gardener Wasuke Hata. During his visit to the Archive he was able to confirm this and also identified a picture of Mr Hata in a collection of photographs presented to the Archive in 2005 by Baroness Benjamin de Rothschild.
    [Show full text]
  • Gladstone and the Bank of England: a Study in Mid-Victorian Finance, 1833-1866
    GLADSTONE AND THE BANK OF ENGLAND: A STUDY IN MID-VICTORIAN FINANCE, 1833-1866 Patricia Caernarv en-Smith, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2007 APPROVED: Denis Paz, Major Professor Adrian Lewis, Committee Member and Chair of the Department of History Laura Stern, Committee Member Sandra L. Terrell, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Caernarven-Smith, Patricia. Gladstone and the Bank of England: A Study in Mid- Victorian Finance, 1833-1866. Master of Arts (History), May 2007, 378 pp., 11 tables, bibliography, 275 titles. The topic of this thesis is the confrontations between William Gladstone and the Bank of England. These confrontations have remained a mystery to authors who noted them, but have generally been ignored by others. This thesis demonstrates that Gladstone’s measures taken against the Bank were reasonable, intelligent, and important for the development of nineteenth-century British government finance. To accomplish this task, this thesis refutes the opinions of three twentieth-century authors who have claimed that many of Gladstone’s measures, as well as his reading, were irrational, ridiculous, and impolitic. My primary sources include the Gladstone Diaries, with special attention to a little-used source, Volume 14, the indexes to the Diaries. The day-to-day Diaries and the indexes show how much Gladstone read about financial matters, and suggest that his actions were based to a large extent upon his reading. In addition, I have used Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates and nineteenth-century periodicals and books on banking and finance to understand the political and economic debates of the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Wir Sind Jetzt
    Magazin zur Erö nung des neuen Jüdischen Museums Frankfurt Magazin zur Erö WIR SIND JETZT Mgzin zur Eröffnung des neuen Jüdischen Museums Frnkfurt jüdischesmuseum.de WIR SIND JETZT Magazin zur Eröffnung des neuen Jüdischen Museums Frankfurt Jüdisches Museum Frankfurt Magazin zur Eröffnung Jüdisches Museum Frankfurt Magazin zur Eröffnung Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, liebe Freundinnen und Freunde des Jüdischen Museums, liebe Freundinnen und Freunde des Jüdischen Museums, geehrte Besucherinnen und Besucher, nun ist es endlich soweit: 5 Jahre lang haben wir für Sie das neue Jüdische ich freue mich, dass in nur wenigen Wochen unser Jüdisches Museum, Museum geplant. Uns Gedanken über dessen Form und Inhalt gemacht, das erste jüdische Museum der Bundesrepublik, wieder öffnen wird. Konzepte für Ausstellungen entworfen, uns über Bildungsziele und vor Während der Sanierung des Rothschild-Palais und den Arbeiten am allem darüber verständigt, was unsere Arbeit nachhaltig relevant macht. Neubau öffnete das Museum über die ganze Stadt verteilt viele Türen, Wir haben den Blick weit in die Zukunft schweifen lassen, unser Wissen auch in die digitale Welt hinein. Es folgte dabei dem Leitbild eines Mu- um die jüdische Geschichte Frankfurts und Europas vertieft, um in der seums ohne Mauern, das sich mit seiner diversitätssensiblen Bildungs- Gegenwart agieren zu können. Mit diesem Magazin, dem Lichtbau von arbeit für eine offene und pluralistische Gesellschaft einsetzt. Angesichts Staab Architekten, unserer neuen Dauerausstellung in zwei Teilen, un- eines gesellschaftlichen Klimas, in dem Hetze alltäglich geworden ist serem Bildungs-, Veranstaltungs- und Vermittlungsprogramm steht es und die verbale und tätliche Gewalt gegen Menschen zunimmt, ist die nun vor Ihnen: unser vielseitiges, zeitgemäßes und lebendiges Museum, Arbeit des Jüdischen Museums relevanter denn je.
    [Show full text]
  • The Architecture of Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843) and Sir John Soane (1753-1837): an Exploration Into the Masonic and Occult Imagination of the Late Enlightenment
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2003 The Architecture of Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843) and Sir John Soane (1753-1837): An Exploration Into the Masonic and Occult Imagination of the Late Enlightenment Terrance Gerard Galvin University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Architecture Commons, European History Commons, Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, and the Theory and Criticism Commons Recommended Citation Galvin, Terrance Gerard, "The Architecture of Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843) and Sir John Soane (1753-1837): An Exploration Into the Masonic and Occult Imagination of the Late Enlightenment" (2003). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 996. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/996 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/996 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Architecture of Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843) and Sir John Soane (1753-1837): An Exploration Into the Masonic and Occult Imagination of the Late Enlightenment Abstract In examining select works of English architects Joseph Michael Gandy and Sir John Soane, this dissertation is intended to bring to light several important parallels between architectural theory and freemasonry during the late Enlightenment. Both architects developed architectural theories regarding the universal origins of architecture in an attempt to establish order as well as transcend the emerging historicism of the early nineteenth century. There are strong parallels between Soane's use of architectural narrative and his discussion of architectural 'model' in relation to Gandy's understanding of 'trans-historical' architecture. The primary textual sources discussed in this thesis include Soane's Lectures on Architecture, delivered at the Royal Academy from 1809 to 1836, and Gandy's unpublished treatise entitled the Art, Philosophy, and Science of Architecture, circa 1826.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-Jewry's Experience of Secondary Education
    Anglo-Jewry’s Experience of Secondary Education from the 1830s until 1920 Emma Tanya Harris A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements For award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Hebrew and Jewish Studies University College London London 2007 1 UMI Number: U592088 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592088 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract of Thesis This thesis examines the birth of secondary education for Jews in England, focusing on the middle classes as defined in the text. This study explores various types of secondary education that are categorised under one of two generic terms - Jewish secondary education or secondary education for Jews. The former describes institutions, offered by individual Jews, which provided a blend of religious and/or secular education. The latter focuses on non-Jewish schools which accepted Jews (and some which did not but were, nevertheless, attended by Jews). Whilst this work emphasises London and its environs, other areas of Jewish residence, both major and minor, are also investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada Rothschild/Soros Clan Lost Huge Investment in China's Ouster of Bo Xilai More Below Bilderber Timeline, Rothsch / China
    NewsFollowUp.com Obama / CIA Franklin Scandal Omaha pictorial Index sitemap home Canada North American Union? ... Secret agenda is to dissolve the United States of America into the North Your browser does not support inline frames or American Union. ... is currently configured not to display inline controlled by frames. corporations ... no accountability. go to Immigration page WMR: Bilderberg Rothschild/Soros clan lost huge Timeline, Rothschild Canada investment in / China Your browser does not China's ouster of support inline frames or is currently configured not to Bo Xilai more display inline frames. below America for sale, How does this tie into NAU? North American Union Politics Resources related topics related topics related topics Environment Economics De-regulation Indigenous Rights Immigration Pharmaceuticals Labor Latin America Taxes War Global Collectivism PROGRESSIVE REFERENCE CONSERVATIVE* Americas American Society of International Law, see also Accenture formerly Andersen Consulting, see Amnesty International ECOSOC on North American Union. Enron, Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Bush from Canadians.org Deep Integration of U.S. and Center for North American Studies, American Accuracy in Media portrays NAU as a left-wing Canadian economies regulation, standards University, Professor Robert Pastor, said to be conspiracy ..."AIM has previously documented governing health, food safety, father of NAU, and his book "Towards a North that Pastor's campaign for a North American wages. Harmonization process a demand
    [Show full text]