DOCSLIB.ORG

PETITION to LIST the QUINO CHECKERSPOT BUTTERFLY (Euphydryas Editha Quino) AS ENDANGERED UNDER the CALIFORNIA ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PETITION to LIST the QUINO CHECKERSPOT BUTTERFLY (Euphydryas Editha Quino) AS ENDANGERED UNDER the CALIFORNIA ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT PETITION TO LIST THE QUINO CHECKERSPOT BUTTERFLY (Euphydryas editha quino) AS ENDANGERED UNDER THE CALIFORNIA ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Photo credit: Robert A. Hamilton, Hamilton Biological CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY And ENDANGERED HABITATS LEAGUE June 29, 2020 FGC – 670.1 (3/94) NOTICE OF PETITION TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME COMISSION For action pursuant to Section 670.1, Title 14, California Code of Regulations (CCR) and sections 2072 and 2073 of the Fish and Game Code relating to listing and delisting endangered and threatened species of plants and animals. I. SPECIES BEING PETITIONED Common name: Quino checkerspot butterfly Scientific name: (Euphydryas editha quino) II. RECOMMENDED ACTION: List as endangered The Center for Biological Diversity and Endangered Habitats League submit this petition to list the Quino checkerspot butterfly as endangered throughout its range in California pursuant to the California Endangered Species Act (California Fish and Game Code §§ 2050 et seq.). This petition demonstrates that the Quino checkerspot butterfly clearly warrants listing based on the factors specified in the statute. III. AUTHOR OF PETITION Tara Cornelisse, PhD Center for Biological Diversity PO Box 11374 Portland, OR 97211-0374 503-283-5474 [email protected] I hereby certify that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements made in this petition are true and complete. Signature: Date: June 29, 2020 The Center for Biological Diversity is a national, nonprofit conservation organization with more than 1.6 million members and online activists dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. The Endangered Habitats League is a Southern California nonprofit regional conservation organization dedicated to ecosystem protection and sustainable land use. ii Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................2 Natural History ...........................................................................................................................3 Taxonomy ...............................................................................................................................3 Description ..............................................................................................................................3 Habitat and Host Plants............................................................................................................4 Life Cycle and Behavior ..........................................................................................................6 Larval Diapause ...................................................................................................................7 Adult Dispersal ....................................................................................................................7 Metapopulation Dynamics .......................................................................................................8 Population Trend, Distribution, and Abundance ..........................................................................9 Historic Population Trend, Distribution, and Abundance ....................................................... 11 Current Population Trend, Distribution, and Abundance ........................................................ 13 Riverside County ............................................................................................................... 16 San Diego County .............................................................................................................. 18 Factors Affecting the Ability of the Species to Survive and Reproduce ..................................... 18 The Present or Threatened Destruction, Modification, or Curtailment of its Habitat or Range 18 Development ...................................................................................................................... 18 Habitat Fragmentation ........................................................................................................ 27 Invasive Species ................................................................................................................. 30 Cannabis cultivation ........................................................................................................... 32 Livestock Grazing .............................................................................................................. 32 Recreation .......................................................................................................................... 32 Overutilization for Commercial, Recreational, Scientific, or Educational Purposes ................ 34 Other Natural or Manmade Factors Affecting its Continued Existence ................................... 35 Climate Change.................................................................................................................. 35 Disease or Predation .............................................................................................................. 37 The Inadequacy of Existing Regulatory Mechanisms and Impact of Existing Management Efforts ................................................................................................................................................. 37 Federal Regulations ............................................................................................................... 38 iii Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended .................................................................... 38 National Environmental Policy Act .................................................................................... 40 National Forest Management Act ....................................................................................... 40 Federal Land Policy and Management Act ......................................................................... 41 National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 .............................................. 41 Sikes Act............................................................................................................................ 41 The Lacey Act.................................................................................................................... 42 Pesticide regulations .......................................................................................................... 42 State Regulations ................................................................................................................... 42 California Environmental Quality Act ................................................................................ 42 Natural Community Conservation Program ........................................................................ 43 Local Regulations .................................................................................................................. 43 Western Riverside County MSHCP .................................................................................... 43 San Diego County MSCP ................................................................................................... 45 Other HCPs ........................................................................................................................ 46 Captive Breeding and Reintroduction Project......................................................................... 47 Degree and Immediacy of Threats ............................................................................................. 47 Suggestions for Future Management and Recovery Actions ...................................................... 48 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 49 References ................................................................................................................................ 50 iv Executive Summary The Center for Biological Diversity and Endangered Habitats League submit this petition to list the Quino checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha quino Behr) as endangered throughout its range in California pursuant to the California Endangered Species Act (CESA, California Fish and Game Code §§ 2050 et seq.). As outlined in this petition, without the protection of the CESA, the Quino checkerspot butterfly is highly likely to become further imperiled and go extinct in the very near future. The Quino checkerspot butterfly was once a common butterfly throughout Southern California but has lost over 75% of its habitat, largely due to sprawl development. The Quino checkerspot butterfly is now only known in 62 potential sites in Southern San Diego and South-western Riverside Counties; of those 62, the butterfly has been observed in only 33 sites (53.2%) in the last 10 years and all are threatened by climate change, habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation, invasive plants, drought, and/or fire. The Quino checkerspot butterfly exhibits of boom and bust metapopulation dynamics with an extended larval diapause that has allowed it to adapt and survive the variable precipitation of southern California. These natural history characteristics make protection of core sites and connectivity between sites especially imperative for the butterfly’s conservation and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • German Digital Kinderuniversity Faculty Nature Lecture River Width
    German Digital Kinderuniversity Faculty Nature Lecture River Width PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: Hello, students. I’d like to welcome you all to the big state vocabulary exam. Have you learned all the words we introduced to you? MS. SCHLAU: Hold on, Professor. We have to delay the exam. PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: What?! Why? MS. SCHLAU: JOWO accidentally discovered a cheat sheet earlier. Apparently someone wants to cheat! PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: Really? MS. SCHLAU: JOWO, show us an example. The triangle ruler was prepared with a piece of white paper. On the back are vocabulary words, but when you put the triangle ruler on a sheet of white paper, you can’t tell that it was modified. PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: That is… That’s brilliant. I think whoever makes such a great cheat sheet should receive the best grade on the exam. MS. SCHLAU: What? No! We’re going to cancel the exam and schedule a replacement lecture. PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: What? Well, whatever you think. But please not something boring. MS. SCHLAU: Let’s call field researcher Christoph. PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: JOWO, please bring Christoph into the lecture hall. MS. SCHLAU: Hello, Christoph… CHRISTOPH: Oh, hello Ms. Schlau, hello Professor Einstein. What can I do for you? PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: We need an interesting lecture, and quick! Would you happen to have an idea? CHRISTOPH: Of course, we were just researching how you can measure the width of a river. PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: Without a cheat sheet? CHRISTOPH: Mhm, yes! PROFESSOR EINSTEIN: Oh, that is wonderful. Then let’s play the film. MS. SCHLAU: Oh, what a beautiful little river (FLUSS) Christoph discovered while hiking.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mexico Study Abroad Program
    New Mexico Study Abroad Program Instituto Cervantes of Albuquerque Spanish Linguistic and Cultural Immersion Tourism for junior high and high school students Come visit the only State in America where Spanish is an official language! Instituto Cervantes is a non-profit organization created by the Spanish government in 1991. Its mission is to promote the Spanish language and to contribute to the advancement of the cultures of all Spanish speaking countries and communities. With over 200,000 students per year, Instituto Cervantes is the largest institution in the world dedicated to teaching Spanish. The Instituto Cervantes of Albuquerque offers a variety of Spanish courses for individuals and groups and organizes many exciting cultural events throughout the year. Instituto Cervantes Albuquerque has designed a very unique immersion program that includes historical, cultural and linguistic aspects that not only challenge the student but create skills for personal growth in a real Spanish social context. Instituto Cervantes in Albuquerque, NM, is the only Cervantes center in the world that is located in an area where Spanish is an official language - along with English. Your students will have the unique opportunity to experience New Mexican and Spanish culture, within the US, in an intensive and rich Spanish immersion program. Program details: Academic and Cultural Activities: Weekdays Mornings (9.00 am – 12.00 pm) - Option 1: Spanish Language & Culture immersion classes (from A1 to C2 levels) designed according to the needs, linguistic competence and curriculum of each group. Instituto Cervantes Educational Facilities - Option 2: Spanish Language Arts Modules (Literature, History, Culture, Social Studies, Arts, Linguistics, Native-American Studies) designed according to the needs, linguistic competence and curriculum of each group.
    [Show full text]
  • The Disastrous Impacts of Trump's Border Wall on Wildlife
    a Wall in the Wild The Disastrous Impacts of Trump’s Border Wall on Wildlife Noah Greenwald, Brian Segee, Tierra Curry and Curt Bradley Center for Biological Diversity, May 2017 Saving Life on Earth Executive Summary rump’s border wall will be a deathblow to already endangered animals on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. This report examines the impacts of construction of that wall on threatened and endangered species along the entirety of the nearly 2,000 miles of the border between the United States and Mexico. TThe wall and concurrent border-enforcement activities are a serious human-rights disaster, but the wall will also have severe impacts on wildlife and the environment, leading to direct and indirect habitat destruction. A wall will block movement of many wildlife species, precluding genetic exchange, population rescue and movement of species in response to climate change. This may very well lead to the extinction of the jaguar, ocelot, cactus ferruginous pygmy owl and other species in the United States. To assess the impacts of the wall on imperiled species, we identified all species protected as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act, or under consideration for such protection by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (“candidates”), that have ranges near or crossing the border. We also determined whether any of these species have designated “critical habitat” on the border in the United States. Finally, we reviewed available literature on the impacts of the existing border wall. We found that the border wall will have disastrous impacts on our most vulnerable wildlife, including: 93 threatened, endangered and candidate species would potentially be affected by construction of a wall and related infrastructure spanning the entirety of the border, including jaguars, Mexican gray wolves and Quino checkerspot butterflies.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting 30% of the Planet for Nature: Costs, Benefits and Economic Implications
    Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications Working paper analysing the economic implications of the proposed 30% target for areal protection in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework Anthony Waldron1; Vanessa Adams2; James Allan3; Andy Arnell4; Greg Asner5; Scott Atkinson6; Alessandro Baccini7; Jonathan EM Baillie8; Andrew Balmford1; J Austin Beau9; Luke Brander10; Eduardo Brondizio11; Aaron Bruner12; Neil Burgess4; K Burkart13; Stuart Butchart14; Rio Button15; Roman Carrasco16; William Cheung17; Villy Christensen18; Andy Clements19; Marta Coll20; Moreno di Marco21; Marine Deguignet4; Eric Dinerstein22; Erle Ellis23; Florian Eppink24; Jamison Ervin25; Anita Escobedo26; John Fa27; Alvaro Fernandes-Llamazares28; Sanjiv Fernando22; Shinichiro Fujimori29; Beth Fulton30; Stephen Garnett31; James Gerber32; David Gill33; Trisha Gopalakrishna34; Nathan Hahn22; Ben Halpern35; Tomoko Hasegawa36; Petr Havlik37; Vuokko Heikinheimo28; Ryan Heneghan38; Ella Henry39; Florian Humpenoder40; Harry Jonas41; Kendall Jones42; Lucas Joppa43; A.R. Joshi44; Martin Jung37; Naomi Kingston4; Carissa Klein45; Tamas Krisztin37; Vicky Lam46; David Leclere39; Peter Lindsey47; Harvey Locke48; TE Lovejoy49; Philip Madgwick50; Yadvinder Malhi34; Pernilla Malmer51; Martine Maron52; Juan Mayorga53; Hans van Meijl54; Dan Miller55; Zsolt Molnar56; Nathaniel Mueller57; Nibedita Mukherjee1; Robin Naidoo58; Katia Nakamura59; Prakash Nepal60; RF Noss61; Beth O’Leary62; D Olson63; Juliano Palcios Abrantes64; Midori Paxton65; Alexander
    [Show full text]
  • Rainfall, Resources, and Dispersal in Southern Populations of Euphydryas Edit Ha (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
    PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST 60(4), 1984, pp. 350-354 Rainfall, Resources, and Dispersal in Southern Populations of Euphydryas edit ha (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) RO-4-122 Dennis D. Murphy and Raymond R. White Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. While the dispersal capacity of an insect species probably changes little from one generation to another, its actual dispersal or vagility may vary considerably. This is well documented for insects which have migratory generations, such as locusts, aphids, and butterflies, but remains virtually undocumented in non-mi- gratory species. One exception is the butterfly, Euphydryas editha. Individuals of this species were originally shown to be extremely sedentary (Ehrlich, 1965), but in some populations the mean dispersal distance of individuals was recently observed to change dramatically from one generation to the next. These changes in vagility appeared to be influenced by the availability of oviposition plants and adult nectar resources; significantly greater vagility occurred in drier years when those resources were sparse (White and Levin, 1981). However, subsequent field observations of four E. editha populations in South¬ ern California indicate that the determinants of vagility are more complicated. In 1977 these populations exploded in size and mass dispersal was observed. Here we discuss how weather and butterfly population size interact to determine host plant availability and butterfly population dynamics. Additionally, we consider the biogeographic and genetic consequences of dramatic population fluctuations in E. editha, and the mechanisms by which both the butterflies and their host plants respond to environmental stress. Life History Euphydryas editha populations in San Diego County usually fly in a four to eight week period, starting as early as mid-January and ending as late as the end of April, depending on the timing of winter rainfall.
    [Show full text]
  • Mothers in Science
    The aim of this book is to illustrate, graphically, that it is perfectly possible to combine a successful and fulfilling career in research science with motherhood, and that there are no rules about how to do this. On each page you will find a timeline showing on one side, the career path of a research group leader in academic science, and on the other side, important events in her family life. Each contributor has also provided a brief text about their research and about how they have combined their career and family commitments. This project was funded by a Rosalind Franklin Award from the Royal Society 1 Foreword It is well known that women are under-represented in careers in These rules are part of a much wider mythology among scientists of science. In academia, considerable attention has been focused on the both genders at the PhD and post-doctoral stages in their careers. paucity of women at lecturer level, and the even more lamentable The myths bubble up from the combination of two aspects of the state of affairs at more senior levels. The academic career path has academic science environment. First, a quick look at the numbers a long apprenticeship. Typically there is an undergraduate degree, immediately shows that there are far fewer lectureship positions followed by a PhD, then some post-doctoral research contracts and than qualified candidates to fill them. Second, the mentors of early research fellowships, and then finally a more stable lectureship or career researchers are academic scientists who have successfully permanent research leader position, with promotion on up the made the transition to lectureships and beyond.
    [Show full text]
  • EARLY FIELD EXPERIENCE in AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: a NATIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY Michael S. Retallick, Assistant Professor Greg M
    Journal of Agricultural Education Volume 48, Number 1, pp. 127 – 138 DOI: 10.5032/jae.2007.01127 EARLY FIELD EXPERIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION: A NATIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY Michael S. Retallick, Assistant Professor Greg Miller, Professor Iowa State University Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the nature of early field experience (EFE) in agricultural teacher education programs nationally. A descriptive census survey of all active agricultural teacher education programs in the country was used for this study. The fact that nearly all agricultural teacher education programs require EFE indicates that EFE is valued as an important component of teacher education programs. It was discovered that multiple early field experiences are required at multiple classification levels. The primary responsibility for EFE and the associated administrative tasks are placed on faculty within the agricultural teacher education program. Similarities regarding EFE requirements seem to end at broad, categorical levels. Most programs report having requirements; however, the means by which each program fulfills the requirements are considerably different. Teacher licensure, as well as state and national teacher education accreditation, influences procedural and minimum EFE requirements. This study provides the foundation for further research. Additional research is needed to identify the purposes and outcomes of EFE and determine the extent to which student learning occurs. Introduction and Theoretical Framework school-based opportunities, which could include observing, assisting the cooperating Early field experience is “an integral teacher, tutoring students, teaching lessons, program component” for initial and and conducting applied research (NCATE). advanced teacher preparation (National EFE provides the student with the Council for Accreditation of Teacher opportunity to start thinking like a teacher, Education [NCATE], 2002, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Taylor's Checkerspot (Euphydryas Editha Taylori) Oviposition Habitat Selection and Larval Hostplant Use in Washington State
    TAYLOR'S CHECKERSPOT (EUPHYDRYAS EDITHA TAYLORI) OVIPOSITION HABITAT SELECTION AND LARVAL HOSTPLANT USE IN WASHINGTON STATE By Daniel Nelson Grosboll A Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Environmental Studies The Evergreen State College June 2011 © 2011 by Daniel Nelson Grosboll. All rights reserved. This Thesis for the Master of Environmental Study Degree by Daniel Nelson Grosboll has been approved for The Evergreen State College by ________________________ Judy Cushing, Ph.D. Member of the Faculty ______________ Date Abstract Taylor's checkerspot (Euphydryas editha taylori) oviposition habitat selection and larval hostplant use in Washington State Taylor’s checkerspot (Euphydryas editha taylori (W.H. Edwards 1888)), a Federal Endangered Species Act candidate species, is found in remnant colonies between extreme southwestern British Columbia and the southern Willamette Valley in Oregon. This butterfly and its habitat have declined precipitously largely due to anthropogenic impacts. However, this butterfly appears to benefit from some land management activities and some populations are dependent on an exotic hostplant. Oviposition sites determine what resources are available for larvae after they hatch. Larval survival and growth on three reported hostplants (Castilleja hispida, Plantago lanceolata, and P. major) were measured in captivity to determine the suitability of hostplant species and to develop captive rearing methods. Larvae successfully developed on C. hispida and P. lanceolata. Parameters of oviposition sites were measured within occupied habitat at four sites in Western Washington. Sampling occurred at two spatial scales with either complete site censuses or stratified systematic sampling on larger sites. Within the sampled or censused areas, oviposition sites were randomly selected for paired oviposition/adjacent non-oviposition microhabitat measurements.
    [Show full text]
  • Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus
    Journal of Informetrics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1160-1177, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOI.2018.09.002 Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus: a systematic comparison of citations in 252 subject categories Alberto Martín-Martín1 , Enrique Orduna-Malea2 , Mike 3 1 Thelwall , Emilio Delgado López-Cózar Version 1.6 March 12, 2019 Abstract Despite citation counts from Google Scholar (GS), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus being widely consulted by researchers and sometimes used in research evaluations, there is no recent or systematic evidence about the differences between them. In response, this paper investigates 2,448,055 citations to 2,299 English-language highly-cited documents from 252 GS subject categories published in 2006, comparing GS, the WoS Core Collection, and Scopus. GS consistently found the largest percentage of citations across all areas (93%-96%), far ahead of Scopus (35%-77%) and WoS (27%-73%). GS found nearly all the WoS (95%) and Scopus (92%) citations. Most citations found only by GS were from non-journal sources (48%-65%), including theses, books, conference papers, and unpublished materials. Many were non-English (19%- 38%), and they tended to be much less cited than citing sources that were also in Scopus or WoS. Despite the many unique GS citing sources, Spearman correlations between citation counts in GS and WoS or Scopus are high (0.78-0.99). They are lower in the Humanities, and lower between GS and WoS than between GS and Scopus. The results suggest that in all areas GS citation data is essentially a superset of WoS and Scopus, with substantial extra coverage.
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphalidae: Melitaeini) and Their Parasitoids
    72© Entomologica Fennica. 22 October 2001 Wahlberg et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 12 Natural history of some Siberian melitaeine butterfly species (Nymphalidae: Melitaeini) and their parasitoids Niklas Wahlberg, Jaakko Kullberg & Ilkka Hanski Wahlberg, N., Kullberg, J. & Hanski, I. 2001: Natural history of some Siberian melitaeine butterfly species (Nymphalidae: Melitaeini) and their parasitoids. — Entomol. Fennica 12: 72–77. We report observations on the larval gregarious behaviour, host plant use and parasitoids of six species of melitaeine butterfly in the Russian Republic of Buryatia. We observed post-diapause larvae in two habitats, steppe and taiga forest region. Five species were found in the steppe region: Euphydryas aurinia davidi, Melitaea cinxia, M. latonigena, M. didymoides and M. phoebe. Three species (M. cinxia, M. latonigena and M. didymoides) fed on the same host plant, Veronica incana (Plantaginaceae). Euphydryas aurinia larvae were found on Scabiosa comosa (Dipsacaceae) and M. phoebe larvae on Stemmacantha uniflora (Asteraceae). Three species were found in the taiga region (M. cinxia, M. latonigena and M. centralasiae), of which the first two fed on Veronica incana. Five species of hymenopteran parasitoids and three species of dipteran parasitoids were reared from the butterfly larvae of five species. Niklas Wahlberg, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; E-mail: [email protected] Ilkka Hanski, Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Division of Population Biology, P.O. Box 17, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; E-mail: ilkka.hanski@helsinki.fi Jaakko Kullberg, Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 17, FIN- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; E-mail: jaakko.kullberg@helsinki.fi Received 2 February 2001, accepted 18 April 2001 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Euphydryas 1
    Identification Guide: Small Fritillaries - Euphydryas 1 Distinguishing Euphydryas by size A comparison of approximate average sizes* Identifying fritillaries* in Europe is difficult due to there being over 40 superficially similar species. As a starting point they are usually roughly divided by size into: 23-40mm ‘large’ fritillaries [Argynnis, Fabriciana, Speyeria], ‘medium-sized’ fritillaries 17-26mm [Brenthis, Issoria], and ‘small’ fritillaries [Boloria, Euphydryas, Melitaea]. Two 14-24mm separate guides in this series cover the Large/Medium Sized and Boloria. A future guide will cover the other small fritillaries, i.e. Melitaea. Euphydryas are noticeably smaller than Argynnis, Fabriciana and Speyeria (see diagram opposite) making confusion with these species very unlikely. MEDIUM SMALL However, the medium sized species, which are intermediates, can be comparable LARGE [Brenthis, Issoria] [Boloria, Euphydryas, in size to Euphydryas with Brenthis ino and Brenthis hecate being most similar. [Argynnis, Fabriciana, * This is an arbitrary grouping, see note on page 4. Melitaea] Speyeria] * if this page is displayed or printed at A4 size Distinguishing the six species of Euphydryas from Boloria, Brenthis, Issoria, and Melitaea Melitaea Euphydryas Uppersides Euphydryas uppersides are usually Boloria, Brenthis, Issoria bright and multicoloured whilst most* Melitaea males and females tend to be duller and uniformly coloured. Euphydryas males and Melitaea athalia females usually have colourful Some Euphydryas have a row uppersides resembling a grid or of small black dots in a distinct orange band net-like pattern, which readily Euphydryas maturna Euphydryas aurinia here on the upperside hind-wing. differentiates them from Boloria, Most* Melitaea do not have this feature. Brenthis and Issoria whichcell have Euphydryas Undersides * See below for species that may confuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Society, 1985
    The Public Understanding of Science Report of a Royal Society adhoc Group endorsed by the Council of the Royal Society The Royal Society 6 Carlton House Terrace London SWlY 5AG CONTENTS Page Preface 5 Summary 6 1. Introduction 7 2. Why it matters 9 3. The present position 12 4. Formal education 17 5. The mass media 2 1 6. ' The scientific community 24 7. Public lectures, children's activities, museums and libraries 27 8. Industry 29 9. Conclusions and recommendations 31 Annexes A. List of those submitting evidence B. Visits and seminars C. Selected bibliography PREFACE This report was prepared by an ad hoc group under the chairmanship of Dr W.F. Bodmer, F.R.S.; it has been endorsed by the Council of the Royal Society. It deals with an issue that is important not only, or even mainly, for the scientific community but also for the nation as a whole and for each individual within it. More than ever, people need some understanding of science, whether they are involved in decision-making at a national or local level, in managing industrial companies, in skilled or semi-skilled employment, in voting as private citizens or in making a wide range of personal decisions. In publishing this report the Council hopes that it will highlight this need for an overall awareness of the nature of science and, more particularly, of the way that science and technology pervade modern life, and that it will generate both debate and decisions on how best they can be fostered. The report makes a number of recommendations.
    [Show full text]