Ickenham Heritage and Character Assessment

November 2018

Ickenham Heritage and Character Assessment

Quality information

Prepared by Checked by Approved by

Sam Griffiths Richard Hammond Mary Kucharska Landscape Architect, AECOM Associate Landscape Architect, Senior Consultant, AECOM AECOM Joe Critchley Built Heritage Consultant, AECOM

Revision History

Revision Revision date Details Name Position

A 03/10/18 Incorporation of Sam Griffiths Landscape Architect Ickenham Neighbourhood Group Comments

B 15/11/18 Incorporation of Sam Griffiths Landscape Architect Locality’s comments

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AECOM Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited 36 Storey's Way Cambridgeshire Cambridge CB3 0DT UK

T: +44 1223 488 000 aecom.com

© 2018 AECOM Limited. All Rights Reserved.

This document has been prepared by AECOM Limited (“AECOM”) in accordance with its contract with Locality (the “Client”) and in accordance with generally accepted consultancy principles, the budget for fees and the terms of reference agreed between AECOM and the Client. Any information provided by third parties and referred to herein has not been checked or verified by AECOM, unless otherwise expressly stated in the document. AECOM shall have no liability to any third party that makes use of or relies upon this document

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 5 2. Approach ...... 5 3. Public consultation ...... 6 4. Context ...... 7 4.2 Natural Factors ...... 9 4.3 Planning Policy Context ...... 11 5. Character Assessment ...... 19 Character Area Profiles ...... 19 5.1 LCA 01, Colne Valley ...... 20 5.2 LCA 02, Harvil Pastures ...... 28 5.3 LCA 03, Ickenham Metroland ...... 35 5.4 LCA 04, Brackenbury ...... 44 5.5 LCA 05, Ickenham’s Historic Core ...... 49 5.6 LCA 06, Ickenham Marshes...... 57 6. Next steps and sources of further information ...... 63 7. References ...... 65 Appendix A – Summary of Landscape Character Assessment, 2012 by Land Use Consultants ...... 66 Appendix B - Schedule of heritage assets ...... 71 Appendix C – Historic Maps ...... 73 Appendix D – Survey Responses ...... 77

Figures

Figure 1: Location and context ...... 8 Figure 2: Topography and Hydrology ...... 10 Figure 3: Character Area Overview ...... 19 Figure 4: LCA 01 Colne Valley ...... 21 Figure 5: LCA 02: Harvil Pastures ...... 29 Figure 6: LCA 03 Ickenham Metroland ...... 36 Figure 7: LCA 04 Brackenbury ...... 45 Figure 7: LCA 05: Historic Core...... 50 Figure 8: LCA 06: Ickenham Marshes ...... 58

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1. Introduction

This report presents a summary of the history and character of Ickenham, which is within the Borough of Hillingdon. The report has been prepared by consultants at AECOM on behalf of Locality, working with the Ickenham Neighbourhood Forum and is based on a detailed area appraisal carried out through desk study and fieldwork.

Landscape character assessment is a process used to describe and articulate what is special and distinctive about a particular place by identifying recognisable patterns of elements or characteristics that make one landscape different from another. Landscape is defined by the European Landscape Convention as “…. an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and / or human factors.” This definition is broad and encompasses natural, rural, urban and peri-urban areas.

The report is intended to be used as evidence to support the planning and design process. This approach is supported by the National Planning Policy Framework (Ministry of Housing Communities and Local Government formerly Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012), which states in paragraph 58 that neighbourhood plans should develop robust Historic core of Ickenham and comprehensive policies based on an understanding and evaluation of an areas defining characteristics. In doing so, policies can aim to ensure that development responds to local character and history, and reflects the identity of local surroundings and materials, while not preventing or discouraging appropriate innovation.

2. Approach

The approach of this report follows well-established Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) techniques. LCA is a process used to describe and articulate what is special and distinctive about a particular place by identifying recognisable patterns of elements or characteristics that make one landscape different from another. Landscape is defined by the European Landscape Convention as “…an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and / or human factors.” This definition is broad and encompasses natural, rural, urban and peri-urban areas.

The detailed desk study and fieldwork carried out to inform this assessment underpins the classification and description of character areas and broadly follows the process set out in the ‘Approach to Landscape Character Assessment’ (Natural , 2014). This approach has been tailored to meet the specific needs of the neighbourhood planning process and draws on further best practice guidance including:

• Shaping Neighbourhoods: Character and Context (Great London Assembly 2014); • Using Historic Landscape Characterisation (English Heritage 2004 / now Historic England); • Character and identity Townscape and heritage appraisals in housing market renewal areas (Historic England and CABE 2008); and • Understanding Place Historic Area Assessments: Principles and Practice (Historic England 2010). Historic England has issued a number of guidance and best practice notes covering a range of issues in relation to the conservation and management of historic places and heritage assets all of which are available on the Historic England website (https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/planning/).

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3. Public consultation

Members of Ickenham Neighbourhood Forum Committee were invited to share their knowledge and experience of the history and character of the area at a workshop held on 2nd November 2017. These observations made have been used to inform the study. The workshop revolved around four key questions, set out below with, along with a summary of the relevant discussions:

Q1) What aspects of the heritage and character of the area do you particularly value?

• The historic built environment, in particular the two churches, the pump and the alms houses; • The plentiful greenspace that runs through and around Ickenham; • The influence of Ickenham’s watercourses; • The agricultural character of the surrounding landscape that remains a feature in the culture and identity of the area; and • The gardens and grass verges that line many of the residential streets. Consultation event

Q2) Are there any issues relating to the heritage or character of the area which you would like to see resolved?

• The risk of losing unprotected green open space; and • Development within the historic core that is insensitive to immediate context, particularly in regard to the scale of buildings.

Q3) Are there any aspects of heritage or character which you feel are particularly sensitive to change?

• The historic core is sensitive to the effect that shop frontages can have on the character of the area; and • The area’s character is sensitive to tall new builds that dwarf historic properties.

Q4) What do you consider the main pressures will be in the future which would threaten the distinctive characteristics of the area?

• Development that would have an adverse effect on the semi-rural setting of Ickenham; • Uncertainty with regard to the impact of HS2; and • Densification around railway stations.

Sign hung outside Ickenham library, Nov. Which buildings or features shape the identity of Ickenham? 2017, reflecting discussion on question 4

This question formed part of a survey conducted by Ickenham Neighbourhood Forum. The results are recorded in Appendix D. The following buildings and features were regular responses to the question:

• The pump; • St. Giles Church; • The Coach and Horses ; and • .

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4. Context

This section of the report describes the location and context of Ickenham and summarises relevant current planning policies.

4.1.1 Location

Ickenham is located within the north-west part of in the London Borough of Hillingdon. The area is home to a population of approximately 12,000 people. Ickenham’s northern and southern boundaries are defined by the Chiltern Railways line and the A40 road corridor respectively. The western boundary is marked by the River Colne and and the eastern boundary by the Brook, as shown on Figure 1.

Ickenham is located some 2km south-east of and 3km north-west of . The Colne Valley Regional Park runs north / south along Ickenham’s western boundary whilst the RAF ’s aerodrome is located immediately to the east of the area.

Ickenham is situated roughly equidistant between Slough to the south-west and Watford to the north-east, each approximately 11km away. Airport, is located approximately 10km to the south of Ickenham. The is accessible within 50 minutes via over ground or underground rail connections.

Ickenham’s settlement pattern is centred on a historic core located at the crossroads between the Swakeleys Road and Long Lane, in close proximity to Ickenham Station. The historic core consists of the High Street with associated shops, Post Office, as well as community assets including a village hall, churches, and .

Ickenham and Hillingdon stations are served by the Piccadilly and Metropolitan lines and West Ruislip is served by the Central Line and Chiltern Railways. The introduction of these transport links was a defining point in the growth of Ickenham, giving rise to the rapid expansion of residential development, characterised as “Metroland”.

The A40 crosses the southern part of the Ickenham, forming a key vehicular route east towards London and west towards Oxford. Swakeleys Road (B466), crosses the central part of Ickenham and links the A40 with Ruislip, and is also considered to be a key transport corridor.

The (and the associated Riverside Walk) flows through the centre of the Ickenham’s settlement pattern, broadly north to south. The area’s green infrastructure network also includes a series of green spaces located throughout Ickenham, including Ickenham Green in the north, Milton Court Green and Swakeleys Park in the centre, Brackenbury green space in the east The Ickenham Marshes in the south. Many of the residential streets are tree lined and often with wide grass verges and vegetated front gardens. Ickenham is surrounded by agricultural fields that are typically defined by historic hedgerow boundaries. The Colne Valley Regional Park located in the west of the study area the Hillingdon Trail in the east provide far reaching green infrastructure connections.

Recreational use of the Colne Valley

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West Ruislip Station

Ickenham Station

Hillingdon RAF Station Northolt

Figure 1: Location and context

Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018

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4.2 Natural Factors

4.2.1 Geology and soils

The underlying geology of an area helps to define the landform, soils, vegetation, drainage and building materials which are common in an area.

The bedrock under Ickenham comprises London Clay Formation and Group, each comprising clay, silt and sand. The areas of Lambeth Group tend to follow the water courses throughout the area.

The majority of the soils in the area consist of slowly permeable, seasonally wet, slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils with moderate fertility. (UK Soil Observatory, 2017).

4.2.2 Topography and hydrology

As shown by Figure 2, the highest point within Ickenham, at 69m above ordnance datum (AOD), is located on a local ridge line in the north-west part of the settlement, immediately west of Harvil Road. West of this point, the land falls away steeply forming the Colne Valley, the base of which sits at approximately 35m AOD and is occupied by the River Colne, Grand Union Canal and artificial lakes formed from historic gravel pits. To the east of Harvil Road the land gently descends toward the River Pinn which marks the boundary to the generally low lying and flat land across the eastern part of Ickenham. , toward the eastern boundary of Ickenham marks a low point of 35m AOD.

The four principle watercourses, shown on Figure 2, flow north / south across Ickenham. The western boundary of Ickenham is contiguous with the River Colne, which flows from to Staines, where it joins the Thames. The Grand Union Canal extends from Birmingham to the Thames and is roughly parallel to the River Colne through Ickenham. The River Pinn gently meanders through the centre of Ickenham. Further east, Yeading Brook borders RAF Northolt and with the brook being in the lowest part of Ickenham, the surrounding landscape often comprises marshland and a number of smaller streams which flow into the Yeading Brook, including the Ickenham Stream (known The River Pinn locally as the Canal Feeder).

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Grand Union Canal Union Grand

Figure 2: Topography and Hydrology

Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018

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4.3 Planning Policy Context

4.3.1 National planning policy

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), 2018

The NPPF requires local authorities to set out in their Local Plan a positive vision for the future of the area; to provide a framework setting priorities for the environment and to allow people to shape their surroundings (MHCLG, 2018). Part 16 Conserving and enhancing the historic environment clearly states that local authorities should recognise “the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness” and should seek “opportunities to draw on the contribution made by the historic environment to the character of a place”. An understanding of history and heritage is therefore important in developing neighbourhood plans, but to the extent that it informs future development and the contribution this makes to local distinctiveness. These points are reinforced by a number of specific policies in the NPPF.

Part 12 states that neighbourhood plans should develop robust and comprehensive policies that set out the quality of development that will be expected for the area, which are based on stated objectives for the future of the area, reflect local aspirations and an understanding and evaluation of its defining characteristics. These policies “form a framework for creating distinctive places with a consistent and high quality standard of design.” It goes on to state that design guides or codes should be used to set the expectation and requirements for high quality design and that the level of detail and degree of prescription should be tailored to each place, allowing for local distinctiveness and variety.

Paragraph 127 is clear that policies should ensure that developments function well, add to the overall quality of the area and are visually attractive. It goes further to state that policies should promote “local character and history, including the surrounding built environment and landscape setting, while not preventing or discouraging appropriate innovation or change.” It stresses that a strong sense of place should be created or maintained to create attractive, welcoming and distinctive places.

The NPPF also includes guidance on developing policies to provide special protection for green areas through Local Green Space designations. Criteria for such designations are provided in paragraph 99. Planning Practice Guidance, (MHCLG),

The section on design includes guidance on promoting landscape character (Paragraph: 007Reference ID: 26- 007-20140306). It states that “development should seek to promote character in townscape and landscape by responding to and reinforcing locally distinctive patterns of development” and that the “successful integration of new development with their surrounding context is an important design objective”.

Buildings on Ickenham High Street

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4.3.2 Regional planning policy

The Draft for Public Consultation (GLA), December 2017

Although not yet adopted, the new consultation draft of the new London Plan forms material consideration in planning decisions. The new London Plan is the overall strategic plan for London for the next 20 – 25 years. Policy D1 states that proposals should “respond to the local context by delivering spaces that are positioned and of a scale, appearance and shape that responds successfully to the identity and character of the locality, including to existing and emerging street hierarchy, building types, forms and proportions”. Proposals should also “respect, enhance and utilise the heritage assets and architectural features that make up the local character”. The London Plan (GLA), 2016

The London Plan is the overall strategic plan for London, and it sets out a fully integrated economic, environmental, transport and social framework for development within the capital to 2036. Policy 7.4 of the London Plan clearly states that “development should have regard to the form, function, and structure of an area, place or street and the scale, mass and orientation of surrounding buildings. It should improve an area’s visual or physical connection with natural features.” Shaping Neighbourhoods: Character and Context Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG), GLA, 2014

This SPG sets out an approach and process to help understand the character and context of a place. The results can inform the planning and design process and guide changes in ways which are responsive to place. The SPG states “buildings, streets and open spaces should provide a high quality design response that:

• has regard to the pattern and grain of the existing spaces and streets in orientation, scale, proportion and mass; • contributes to a positive relationship between the urban structure and natural landscape features, including the underlying landform and topography of an area; • is human in scale, ensuring buildings create a positive relationship with street level activity and people feel comfortable with their surroundings; • allows existing buildings and structures that make a positive contribution to the character of a place to influence the future character of the area; and • is informed by the surrounding historic environment.”

4.3.3 Local planning policy

This report is also informed by a number of other studies relevant to the local area as follows: The Development Plan for the London Borough of Hillingdon

The Development Plan for the London Borough of Hillingdon forms the basis for planning decisions across the area. The Development Plan is being produced in stages. ‘The Hillingdon Local Plan: Part 1- Strategic Policies’ was adopted in November 2012. Part 2 is still in preparation and will comprise: ‘Site Allocations and Designations’, ‘Development Management Policies’ and the ‘Policies Map’. Until Part 2 is adopted, the saved policies of the Unitary Development Plan (UDP) form current adopted planning policy (Hillingdon, 2018). These documents are to be considered alongside the London Plan, as stated above. Adopted policies relevant to this study are recorded below. A vision for 2026 Local Plan: Part 1 Strategic Policies (Adopted November 2012)

This policy document is founded on a seven point vision which includes that by 2026, Hillingdon will be “taking full advantage of its distinctive strengths with regard to its places, communities and heritage: The special character of the borough’s natural and built assets have been protected and enhanced… there are more locally-distinct buildings, and new higher standards of development… More residents are accessing the borough’s waterways and quality public open spaces… (London Borough of Hillingdon, 2012)

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Twenty five strategic objectives (SO) set out how this vision will be delivered. Those relevant to this study are:

• SO1: “Conserve and enhance the borough’s heritage and their settings by ensuring new development, including changes to the public realm, are of high quality design, appropriate to the significance of the heritage asset, and seek to maintain and enhance the contribution of built, landscaped and buried heritage to London’s environmental quality, cultural identity and economy as part of managing London’s ability to accommodate change and regeneration”; • SO2: “Create neighbourhoods that are of a high quality sustainable design, that have regard for their historic context and use sustainability principles which are sensitive and responsive to the significance of the historic environment, are distinctive, safe, functional and accessible and which reinforce the identity and suburban qualities of the borough's streets and public places, introduce public art to celebrate civic pride and serve the long-term needs of all residents.”; and • SO3: “Improve the quality of, and accessibility to, the heritage value of the borough’s open spaces, including rivers and canals as areas for sports, recreation, visual interest, biodiversity, education, health and well-being. In addition, address open space needs by providing new spaces identified in Hillingdon's Open Space Strategy”.

The Local Plan also sets out a number of policies relevant to this report as follows:

• Policy HE1- Heritage, states that the Council will “Conserve and enhance Hillingdon’s distinct and varied environment, its settings and the wider historic landscape, which includes: Historic village cores, Metro-land suburbs, planned residential estates and 19th and 20th century industrial areas, including the Grand Union Canal and its features; Designated heritage assets such as statutorily Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Scheduled Ancient Monuments; Registered Parks and Gardens and historic landscapes, both natural and designated; Locally recognised historic features, such as Areas of Special Local Character and Locally Listed Buildings; and Archaeologically significant areas…” • Policy BE1- Built Environment states that “The Council will require all new development to improve and maintain the quality of the built environment… All new developments should: ─ 1. Achieve a high quality of design in all new buildings, alterations, extensions and the public realm which enhances the local distinctiveness of the area, contributes to community cohesion and a sense of place; and ─ 2. Be designed to be appropriate to the identity and context of Hillingdon's buildings, townscapes, landscapes and views, and make a positive contribution to the local area in terms of layout, form, scale and materials and seek to protect the amenity of surrounding land and buildings, particularly residential properties.”

Buildings at the east of Ickenham High Street

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• Policy EM2- Green Belt, Metropolitan Open Land (MOL) and Green Chains states that: “The Council will seek to maintain the current extent, hierarchy and strategic functions of the Green Belt, MOL and Green Chains… Any proposals for development in Green Belt and Metropolitan Open Land will be assessed against national and London Plan policies, including the very special circumstances test… Any proposals for development in Green Chains will be firmly resisted unless they maintain the positive contribution of the Green Chain in providing a visual and physical break in the built-up area; conserve and enhance the visual amenity and conservation value of the landscape… and retain the openness of the Green Chain.” • Policy EM4- Open Space and Informal Recreation states that “The Council will seek to protect existing tree and landscape features and enhance open spaces with new areas of vegetation cover (including fragmented areas) including front and back gardens for the benefit of wildlife…” Unitary Development Plan 1998, saved policies

The Unitary Development Plan remains material consideration in planning decisions until Part 2 of the Local Plan is adopted (London Borough of Hillingdon, 2007).

Saved policies concerned with the ‘Open Land and Countryside’ states in policy OL1 that only very limited development types would be permitted within the Green Belt. Where granted permission, OL4 states that such developments would be required to have regard to the character of the surrounding area and not injure the visual amenity of the Green Belt. Policy OL11 is concerned with Green chains and states that these areas will “maintain their positive contribution in providing a visual and physical break in the built up area.”

Saved policies concerned with the built environment state, in B13 that “Development will not be permitted if the layout and appearance fail to harmonise with the existing street scene” and in B19, “ensure that new development within residential areas complements or improves the amenity and character of the area.”

With regard to the built environment, the UDP states in BE4 that “New development within or on the fringes of conservation areas will be expected to preserve or enhance those features which contribute to their special architectural and visual qualities.” Policy BE10 states that “consent will not normally be granted for proposals which are considered detrimental to the setting of a listed building.” BE13 explains that “Development will not be permitted if the layout and appearance fail to harmonise with the existing street scene or other features of the area…” and in policy BE19 “ensure that new development within residential areas complements or improves the amenity and character of the area.”

With regard to river corridors, the UDP states in policy BE34 that development adjacent to or having a visual effect on rivers will be required to “complement the visual qualities of the riverside” and “enhance or create views through and from the development, from and towards the watercourse.”

4.3.4 Historical development

The name ‘Ickenham’ is derived from Tichenham, recorded as such in the Domesday Survey of 1086, meaning Tica’s Homestead. From the 13th century, the ‘T’ was omitted and therefore has since been known as Ickenham.

The village remained small, and primarily focussed upon agriculture until the early 20th century with the construction of the railways. The vastly reduced the travelling time to London and made the area a key location for commuters into the capital. Road infrastructure has also influenced Ickenham; no major road had passed through the village until 1934, with the construction of Long Lane which connected Hillingdon, Ickenham and Ruislip.

The present day character of Ickenham is a result of the Railway’s wider ‘Metroland’ developments west of London.

Weather vane on top of Ickenham pump

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1901 20th Century

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1915 named RAF Northolt. named RAF of thesettlement, later the Royal Flying Corpswest An aerodrome isopenedby 1917 known West asRAF Ruislip. Ruislip. Thesite waslater Navy,US isopenednear by andlater theRAF the station,operatedA military 1921 of Ickenham isrecorded as443. The populationofthecivilparish 1922 west ofLong Lane. New roads willbelaidout residential development. Swakeley Estate issold for 1,382 acres ofthe Ickenham Heritage and Character Assessment

4.3.5 Cultural associations

The Grand Union Canal extends for 220km between Birmingham and London and is famous for its significance in commerce and industry between the two cities. The canal crosses the western edge of Ickenham the canal and tow path is used for recreation.

Sir Edmund Wright, (1573- 1643), was an English merchant and in 1640. In 1629, he purchased the grounds of Swakeleys House from John Bingley, who had undertaken extensive remedial work on an existing 13th century structure in the grounds. He went on to re-build the house between 1629 and 1638 and in doing so ensured the continuation of the prominence of the house within the identity of the area.

Charlotte Gell, a local benefactor of the 19th century, is remembered for her contributions of the almshouses, Ickenham’s pump and philanthropic deeds including the Charity of Charlotte Gell for the Relief of Need which still exists today.

4.3.6 Landscape and other related designations

An extensive area of Ickenham is designated as Green Belt, effectively covering all areas beyond the settlement boundary. Policy EM2 within Part 1 of the Local Plan, recorded above, sets out that the local authority would assess development proposals within the Green Belt against national and London Plan Policies, including the ‘very special circumstances test’.

There are no national level landscape designations, such as National Parks or Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, within the NP area

Founded in 1965, the Colne Valley Regional Park spans over 100km2 and is managed by the Community Interest Company to safeguard the area for the stakeholders with an interest in the park, ranging from casual recreation walkers to parish councils (Groundwork South, 2014). The Park covers land located in the western portion of the study area.

Ickenham Green and Ickenham Marsh Local Nature Reserves form key recreational spaces in the area. Historically, these sites were designated as common land for villagers to graze livestock and collect firewood.

Three Ickenham Local Nature Reserves sit within the Colne Valley Park, Frays Farm Meadow and (both Sites of Special Scientific Interest) and Place.

Most of the Ickenham Marshes complex is designated as a Site of Important Nature Conservation, along with the Colne Valley Park, River Pinn Corridor at Swakeleys Park and Riverside Walk and Uxbridge Golf Course.

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4.3.7 Existing Landscape Character Assessment

Existing published character assessments have been reviewed to provide some context to this more detailed report. National Landscape Character

Ickenham is covered by Natural England’s National Character Area (NCA) 115 - Thames Valley (2012). The key characteristics of NCA 115 which are of particular relevance to this assessment are:

• “Flat and low-lying land, rising to low, river-terraced hills…”; • “The numerous hydrological features provide unity to areas which otherwise lacks homogeny…”; • “Farming is limited. Where it survives, grazed pasture is the major land use within a generally open, flat and featureless landscape. The field pattern is medium-scale and irregular…”; • “Although densely populated and developed, pockets of woodland, open grassland, parkland, wetlands… provide escape”; and • The natural character of the areas is overtaken by urban influences: a dense network of roads… , railway lines, golf courses, pylon lines, reservoirs, extensive mineral extraction and numerous flooded gravel pits”.

Local Landscape Character

At a borough level, the Hillingdon Landscape Character Assessment, (LUC 2012), identifies several landscape character types (LCT) and LCA across Hillingdon. A LCT is a group of LCAs that are relatively homogeneous in character and therefore the description of LCTs are more generic. A LCA is unique to a geographical area and has its own identity and sense of place and therefore the description of the area will more specific.

The LCT and LCA boundaries recorded within the Hillingdon Landscape Character Assessment broadly match those independently identified within this report. Key characteristics of the relevant LCTs and LCAs are therefore recorded in detail in Appendix A relating to:

• LCT A- Floodplain; • LCA A2 Mid Colne Floodplain – Broadwater Lake to Shire Ditch; • LCT B- Open Valley Sides; • B2 Uxbridge Open Valley sides; • LCT C- Undulating Farmland; • G1 Upper Pinn River Corridor; and • G3 Yeading Brook River Corridor.

The following assessment contained within this report sets out the characteristics of areas identified at a local level.

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5. Character Assessment

Character Area Profiles

The results of the desk study and fieldwork have been analysed and six distinct LCA’s have been identified across Ickenham, as shown in Figure 3. These LCA’s have been informed by::

• Historical development - including street pattern, land use, conservation areas and heritage assets; • Movement - including physical boundaries such as railway lines, roads, rivers and gateways, nodes and linkages; • Urban structure and built development - including density and building height, enclosure, architectural style and detailing; • Land use and levels of activity; • Green space and public realm - including those with planning policy and statutory protection, and how this relates to buildings and spaces; and • Views and their contribution to an understanding of character, including the identification of landmarks.

Figure 3: Character Area Overview

Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018

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5.1 LCA 01, Colne Valley

5.1.1 Key characteristics

Natural England defines key characteristics as “those combinations of elements which help to give an area its distinctive sense of place” that would result in significant consequences for the current character if they were changed or lost. As a result, they form important evidence to support the development of planning and management policies and a reference point against which to monitor change. The key characteristics of LCA 01: Colne Valley are:

• Low lying valley with a wide base and gentle sloping sides; • An area with some tranquillity through the core of the area, due to the absence of roads and the presence of large waterbodies, in contrast to the fringes of the area which are bounded by infrastructure routes; • Provision for recreation including walking, fishing and golf; • A landscape with a clear sense of historical development its past industrial uses, seen most clearly in the presence of gravel pits and the Grand Union Canal; • A contrast of intimate enclosed spaces defined by mature vegetation which limit views, compared with expansive open views across the lakes, fairways and along waterways; • A well wooded area, comprising mixed deciduous species; • A large portion of the area is designated a Local Nature Reserve; • Urban structure is mainly isolated properties or small clusters of dwellings; and • An intensively maintained landscape.

View along public footpath ‘U50’ through Uxbridge Golf Course demonstrating recreational provision and an intensively maintained landscape

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Ickenham Heritage and Character Assessment

Figure 4: LCA 01 Colne Valley

Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 100019283. © Historic England 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 The Historic England GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on 23/01/2018. © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018, NB This national dataset is "indicative" not "definitive". Definitive information can only be provided by individual local authorities and you should refer directly to their information for all purposes that require the most up to date and complete dataset.

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Natural Factors

5.1.2 Topography and hydrology

LCA 01 Colne Valley comprises the valley basin and the western facing slope of the Colne Valley. There is approximately a 33m height difference between the valley floor, at around 35m AOD, and the valley ridge at 68m AOD. The series of lakes on the valley floor were formed from past gravel pits. The Grand Union Canal and the River Colne are also situated on the valley floor, between the lakes, with the canal consisting of a series of locks, including Denham Deep Lock, located towards the south of LCA 01 Colne Valley. The canal and lakes are generally bordered by mature vegetation and recreational routes.

The valley topography of the area in combination with the mature vegetation results in a sense of enclosure, with notable built features along the valley floor limited to pylons. The extent of vegetation bordering the lakes and canal aids in softening the engineered form of these structures and in combination with water, elevating the tranquillity of the LCA.

View along the Grand Union Canal demonstrating the negative effect that pylons can have on the tranquillity of the area.

Cultural and Social Factors

5.1.3 Movement and connectivity

The network of Public Rights of Way (PRoW) in LCA 01 Colne Valley includes the Grand Union Canal Walk, the London Loop and the Colne Valley Trail, all of which run parallel to the Grand Union Canal. The Grand Union Canal Walk extends 234km from Birmingham to London; the London Loop for 242km around greater London; and the Colne Valley Trail runs for 23km from to .

Footpath ‘U50’ connects Uxbridge Golf Course with the lakes of Denham Quarry.

Historically, the Grand Union Canal was a key infrastructure route, transporting the material with the quarries to the brick manufacturers in Slough. Today, the canal and associated tow-paths provide recreational routes.

The LCA is contained by the A40 to the south and the Chiltern Railway to the north. The dense woodland Wayfinding signage on the bank of the Grand Union Canal that surrounds the lakes limits the influence of these transport routes on the character of the area thereby safeguarding the tranquillity across the landscape.

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5.1.4 Land use

LCA 01 Colne Valley consists of wildlife conservation and recreation uses, including walking, cycling, golf, angling, kayaking, sailing and birdwatching. Natures Reserves include Denham Lock Wood and Frays Farm Meadow which are both Sites of Special Scientific Interest and are managed by the on behalf of the London Borough Of Hillingdon. Harefield Place Nature Reserve is manged by the Hillingdon Natural History Society. Uxbridge Golf Course occupies the valley side and has a strong influence on its character on account of being a highly structured and intensively maintained landscape. From across the golf course there are a series of linear views across the LCA defined by woodland belts adjacent to the fairways. Industrial uses are still present,, notably the Hanson concrete manufacturing site at the northern edge of the area, as well as infrastructure with the A40 and railway line, as well as overhead pylons. The influence of these features is in part reduced by the surrounding vegetation and valley landform.

Glimpse of the Hanson Concrete Works on valley floor

5.1.5 Landscape structure and built form

LCA 01 is largely free from built development. The western facing valley side is occupied by Uxbridge Golf Course. This recreational landscape is subject to an intensive maintenance regime to manage the grass fairways, rough grassland and belts of deciduous woodland. These vegetation patterns result in a contrasting sense of openness and enclosure when moving through the LCA.

The extent of built form is limited within LCA 01, being consolidated around the entrance to Uxbridge Golf Course, west of Harvil Road. The buildings comprise 2 storey? detached and semidetached houses with a number of distinctive features including porticos and chimney stacks. The properties are generally constructed from red bricks and with red tiled pitched roofs.

Four large lakes occupy the valley floor along with the Grand Union Canal. These waterbodies are surrounded by dense woodland and therefore views from along the footpath networks are mostly channelled by this vegetation structure. The views of the water are considered to promote a sense of tranquillity and settled nature to the composition of the views.

The overall structure of the landscape is therefore linear and Example of residential property frontage engineered, aligned north to south along the valley floor in relation to within LCA the lakes and canal or along the valley sides as a result of the golf course layout. However the extent of vegetation aids to soften the overall perception of this linearity and engineered character.

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5.1.6 Heritage assets

The present day character of LCA 01 is indicative of the influence of the historic estates of Denham Court and Harefield Place. The historic estates of these houses are partly reflected in the Golf Club and the Uxbridge Golf Course respectively. A narrow corridor between the golf courses, historically defined as the course of Fray’s River and River Colne, is defined today by the development of London’s transport infrastructure from the 19th to 20th century; with the Grand Junction Canal of 1811 and the embankment of the former Uxbridge and Denham loop of the Great Western Railway of 1904 remaining dominant features of the landscape. Historic bridge over the Grand Union Canal Gravel extraction pits, filled with water after disuse now form the Harefield Place Nature Reserve in the central part of the character area. Industrial areas in the north of the area are a legacy of these extractive industries. These historic landscape constraints have acted as a buffer to residential development, preserving to some extent the historically rural character of the area.

Designated in 1975, Denham Lock, Uxbridge Conservation Area is located in the west of the LCA and includes Denham Deep Lock. No conservation area appraisal is currently available for the area. Sign to Harefield Place Nature Reserve There are four listed buildings within the area, including the footbridge across the River Colne and Brackenbury House.

One listed building, which is considered to be of special architectural or historic interest, is the Grade II Harefield Place (NHLE 1080238). It was built in the early 19th century as a house and at one point it formed part of Hillingdon Hospital. The structure is built of stock brick with stone dressings in a polite Georgian style.

5.1.7 Green space and public realm

The public realm comprises PRoW through the Colne Valley Park and semi-private land associated with Uxbridge Golf Course. The footpaths through the golf course tend to be View along a fairway of Uxbridge Golf Course more formal, comprising hard surfacing, whilst those through the valley floor consist of rough tracks bordered by dense vegetation.

LCA 01 includes a range of habitats including lakes, woodland, scrub, grassland and regionally significant areas of wet woodland, water meadow.

The LCA as a whole is part of a larger linear green infrastructure route that follows the course of the Grand Union Canal, allowing fauna to connect across LCA 01. LCA 01 is therefore considered to be part of much wider ecological network with direct connections to the Colne Valley Regional Park.

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5.1.8 Views

The LCA includes a variety of views. The ridgeline that defines the area’s eastern boundary affords far reaching views of , some 26km to the south east, whilst looking west affords views of the far side of the Colne Valley. The valley sides typically afford mid-range views along the fairways of Uxbridge golf course, channelled by clumps of managed woodland. From the valley floor, views are either short range, due to the dense woodland, or mid-range and channelled across the open water of the lakes, and curtailed by distant woodland or the rising land of the valley. Channelled views along the watercourses are also available from pedestrian bridges or adjacent pathways.

The vegetation and water features within views from the valley floor promote a sense of tranquillity, Short range, channelled view on the valley floor calmness and stillness to the composition of the view, as urbanising features that surround the area are typically screened from view, with the exception of pylons which are regularly visible across the area.

5.1.9 Managing change

The character of LCA 01 is as a result of the interactions between natural and human processes. This evolution is supported by the section on historical development, which describes how the structure and character of the area have changed over time. Together this provides a baseline against which change can be monitored and managed.

The evolution of the landscape will continue and therefore the management of change is essential to ensure that sustainable social, environmental and economic outcomes are achieved. Positive aspects of character

There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the naturalistic and tranquil character of LCA 01.

• A calm and tranquil landscape within the valley floor, well screened from surrounding infrastructure and built form thereby providing a notable contrast to the urban environment; • Extensive opportunities for recreation; • Range of views across the character area, including intimate enclosed and channelled views of water and woodland contrasting with far reaching views of London; • The historically industrial character of the landscape has successfully transitioned into public green space and wetlands; and

• An important and far reaching green infrastructure asset that includes a good diversity of habitats including woodland, scrubland, grassland and waterbodies.

Mid-range, easterly view across a waterbody

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Artificial lake in a former gravel pit

Issues to be addressed

The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through new development or active management.

• Despite its proximity to Ickenham, access into the Colne Valley Regional Park from the east is limited; and • Although part of the history of the area, the industrial works detract from the current naturalistic character of the area and along with the pylons are a detracting feature in views. Sensitivity to change

There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change. These relate to the tranquillity and history of the area.

• The tranquillity and contrast to the urban area would be susceptible to an increase in built development, including infrastructure and transport uses; • The vegetation that screens the surrounding transport corridors is a key part of the tranquil character and therefore the susceptibility of LCA 01 is related to the vegetation; and • The loss or decline of historic features along the canal would weaken the historic integrity of the area.

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Character management principles

The following management principles should be considered when defining policies with respect to heritage and landscape character:

• Seek to integrate new and existing development into the landscape with a comprehensive and robust new landscape planting strategy to limit the visual impact; • Ensure a positive management strategy to the existing vegetation and proposed planting within LCA 01, particularly along the edges of the character area, so that any new development adjacent to the LCA can be screened from views. This should also include working closely with adjoining local planning authorities to monitor future development adjacent to LCA 01 which may impact upon its character; • Develop an improved wayfinding strategy to better facilitate access into the area from the surrounding urban areas, particularly from the east; • Seek to control invasive species to retain the diverse structure of vegetation throughout the LCA through a new landscape and biodiversity management plan; and • Seek to retain the variety of views across the valley floor, through the management of the vegetation patterns.

Channelled view along lakeside path

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5.2 LCA 02, Harvil Pastures

5.2.1 Key characteristics

The key characteristics of Harvil Pastures are:

• Small to medium scale, irregularly shaped pastoral and arable fields; • Agricultural fields enclosed by well-maintained native hedgerows interspersed with hedgerow trees; • Specimen tress, predominantly oaks, across the agricultural fields; • Gently undulating topography, with elevated landform in the west of the character area; • An area almost exclusively comprising private land with limited public access; and • A small number of scattered agricultural / industrial and large detached residential properties on the edges of the area.

View across the agricultural landscape of LCA 02: Harvil Pastures

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Figure 5: LCA 02: Harvil Pastures

Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 100019283. © Historic England 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 The Historic England GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on 23/01/2018.

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Natural Factors

5.2.2 Topography and hydrology

The highest point in LCA 02 at 69m AOD, is located on the LCA’s western boundary, affording far reaching views across the agricultural landscape to central London, some 26km to the south east. Given that this is a long distance view, it is not a dominant feature of the LCA. Development adjacent to the LCA is mostly screened from view by landform and woodland, thereby retaining the rurality of the area.

From the western edge of the LCA the topography is locally undulating and gradually descends eastward toward the north eastern corner of the LCA, reaching a low point of 42m AOD. Field boundaries typically run perpendicular to the direction of the undulating landform.

Panoramic easterly view from Harvil Road showing little built development

Cultural and Social Factors

5.2.3 Movement and connectivity

LCA 02 is enclosed to the east and west by Breakspear Road South and Harvil Road respectively. These are both busy secondary roads with fast moving traffic and occasional industrial and agricultural vehicles. Their influence on the LCA is limited by native hedgerows that border the roadside. These two roads join at an apex on the southern edge of the character area.

The Chiltern railway defines the northern boundary of the LCA, however the line is in cut into the landform and flanked by woodland vegetation and is therefore largely screened from view.

There is little access to the area via public footpaths. Footpath U49 runs east / west, and connects residential Ickenham to the LCA and Colne Valley and its associated recreational features.

5.2.4 Land use

Agricultural land is the primary use of the character area resulting in the rural character of LCA 02. Light industrial compounds adjacent to Harvil Road and Breakspear Road are consolidated and small scale and, as such, have a limited influence on the character of the area. Similarly, pockets of residential dwellings and gardens (located at the confluence of Harvil Road, Breakspear Road South and the B467) are gated with well vegetated curtilage boundaries.

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View from the south of LCA 02 demonstrating the pastoral fields, groups of mature trees, agricultural buildings and well maintained hedgerows that constitute the agricultural character.

5.2.5 Landscape structure and built form

Built development in the area is mostly associated with agricultural land uses, with Copthall Farm in the east and Harvil Farm in the west. The limited extent of built form and hard landscape across the landscape contributes to the open character of the area. Phone masts intermittently cross the agricultural landscape.

There is a range of built vernacular across the small number of residential properties in the LCA. Brackenbury House is a Grade II listed property comprising red brick and white rendered walls, tall red brick chimney stacks and intricate detailing including stain glass windows. Two contemporary style houses are located on the B467, Swakeleys Road. A short row of large houses and associated ancillary buildings occupy land at Copthall Farm and Harvil Farm. Both are accompanied by a number of large agricultural sheds and ancillary buildings.

5.2.6 Heritage assets

The Harvil Pastures character area reflects the rural character of Ickenham prior to 20th century development.

There are two designated heritage assets located in the character area. A single scheduled monument is located in the north-east of the character area and comprises the Brackenbury Farm moated site (NHLE 1005555), the significance of which is derived from its association with the medieval manor of Brackenbury. Brackenbury House is a Grade II listed building comprising a 16th century brick built house.

A further listed building is located in the character area which is considered to be of special architectural and historic interest and it is listed Grade II. This comprises Copthall Farmhouse (NHLE 1358358) dated to the 16th century, built of timber frame with later brick skin.

There are no conservation areas or locally listed buildings within the area.

5.2.7 Green space and public realm

As a result of the rural setting of LCA 02 and the predominantly agricultural land use, the public realm is mostly related to footpath U49 that crosses LCA 02 east to west, toward the Colne Valley. The footpath is a rough trodden path with wooden styles across field boundaries. The path joins with footpath U51 in the east, although Breakspear Road South hinders this connection since users are required to walk along the road for a short distance.

LCA 02 provides a key transition from the urban area of Ickenham and Greater London to the east, to the Colne Valley and agricultural land to the west.

There are several ecological habitats within LCA 02 including grasslands, hedgerows, belts of woodland, scrub and mature deciduous trees. Most of these are related to the agricultural uses of the site and are often comprise monocultures.

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Roadside grass verges and mature roadside vegetation visually screen the urban area of Ickenham, thereby aiding the perception of the LCA’s rural character.

Wayfinding signage through the scrubland within LCA 02

5.2.8 Views

Views from the roads are typically short to mid-range and channelled by field boundary hedgerows, woodland, residential hedges, walls and panel fencing. From within the agricultural land views are typically mid-range comprising pastoral fields and field boundary hedgerows. Far reaching views are afforded from the south west of the LCA which extend 26km to the City of London.

Distant view of central London from Harvil Road

5.2.9 Managing Change

The character of Harvil Pastures described above is the result of a range of interactions between natural and human processes. This evolution is supported by the section on historical development. Together this provides a baseline against which change can be monitored and managed.

The evolution of the landscape will continue and therefore the management of change is essential to ensure that sustainable social, environmental and economic outcomes are achieved.

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Positive aspects of character

There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These principally relate to the rural qualities of LCA 02.

• The rural character of the area, despite its proximity to the urban area of Ickenham; • The variety of views afforded within the area; • The well-structured field pattern delineated by native hedgerows interspersed with hedgerow trees; • The LCA’s land use marking the transition from outer London to countryside; • The diversity of vegetation including specimen trees, pockets of established vegetation, copse woodland, belts of trees and thick scrub providing good environmental benefits and ecological links; and • Well integrated into the green infrastructure network of the Colne Valley and beyond.

Issues to be addressed

The following issue has been identified which could be addressed through new development or active management.

• Pedestrian movement across the area is limited and inhibited by a lack of a direct crossing point over the Breakspear Road South. Pedestrians are currently required to walk along a short stretch of carriageway; and • The LCA should be managed in line with NPPF (2018) para. 141 which includes the requirement to provide access and recreation as well as enhance landscapes and visual amenity.

Sensitivity to change

There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change. These relate to safeguarding the rural character of the area.

• The rural character of the area results from the surrounding urban areas being limited to the land outside Harvil Road and Breakspear Road South. Encroachment of new development across this boundary would have potential to erode the rural character of the LCA. The Green Belt designation currently provides protection; • Loss of mature roadside vegetation would increase the influence of surrounding built development on the area and would therefore have potential to jeopardise the areas rural character; • Loss of field boundaries would threaten the influence of the field pattern established in the 18th and 19th centuries; and • Due to the historic interest of this open area, development on this land would have an impact upon the historic integrity of the area and its relationship to the rural origins of Ickenham.

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View into the pastoral landscape

Character management principles

Management should consider the rural and agricultural character which offers contrast to the dense development within the urban areas of Ickenham and the sensitivity of the hedgerows, tree belts and mature specimen and their ecological value.

In order to address the issues highlighted above, principles for managing change in this area should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing those aspects which contribute to the rural and agricultural character, maintain open views and field patterns and abet the ecological systems in place. The following principles should be considered when defining policies with respect to heritage and character:

• Management should retain or enhance existing screening of road and rail infrastructure to maintain the rural character of the LCA; • Seek to retain the clear boundary of Breakspear Road South to mark the transition between urban and rural areas; • Seek opportunity to develop the PRoW network, in particular where footpaths cross the road network such as the crossing of Breakspear Road South; and • Continue to maintain characterful hedgerows that defining field boundaries, and plan for the longevity of hedgerow trees.

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5.3 LCA 03, Ickenham Metroland

5.3.1 Key characteristics

The key characteristics of Ickenham Metroland are:

• The green River Pinn corridor running through the centre of the LCA; • A largely residential townscape with a variety of inter war suburban developments that take inspiration from the ‘garden suburb’ movement; • Properties on individual streets are typically of the same two storey scale or bungalows, but present a diverse vernacular that gives variety and texture to this uniform scale; • Swakeleys House is a prominent heritage asset that has influenced the development of the surrounding area; • Typically roads are long and straight, although a number of cul-de-sacs exist on the fringes of the area; • Wide green verges with mature deciduous street trees are typical of the area; • Generous front gardens contribute to the appearance of the public realm of across the LCA; • A number of green public open spaces are located throughout the LCA; • Schools, train stations and the High Street are centres of activity and movement within the area; and • Prominent historic features historic have been retained within the area, namely Ickenham Hall, Ickenham Manor, Pynchester Moated Site and Swakeleys House.

Wide grass verge flanking B466- Long Lane

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Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 100019283. © Historic England 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 The Historic England GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on 23/01/2018.

Figure 6: LCA 03 Ickenham Metroland

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Natural Factors

5.3.2 Topography and hydrology

The LCA is situated generally at 40m AOD, except for the south western part of the area, where the land rises toward the B467 to a height of approximately 60m AOD. Although buildings in the area do not typically exceed two storeys, their scale greatly limits views across this largely flat landscape. Likewise, whilst there is little woodland within the LCA, where present it also limits views and results in a sense of enclosure.

The River Pinn meanders from north to south through the centre of the LCA. The river provides a naturalistic character, however this influence is limited by surrounding built form.

Cultural and Social Factors The River Pinn 5.3.3 Movement and connectivity

The primary vehicular network comprises the B467- Swakeleys Road, that crosses east / west through the centre of LCA 03; and the B466, Long Lane and High Road that runs north / south through the east of the LCA. The B467 is mostly duel carriageway and includes a central divide of mown grass with deciduous trees along its extent within the LCA. This vegetated structure makes an important contribution to softening the appearance of the road and reducing its dominance through the suburban area. Similarly, the B466 is a wide road that includes filter lanes and a cycle lane. In places the road is flanked by grass verges and mature deciduous trees that help integrate it into the wider LCA. The residential roads are typically through roads with only a small proportion of cul-de-sacs present on the fringes of the LCA. Douay Martyrs School, Glebe Primary School, Breakspear School and are all key centres within the LCA that were observed as attracting high footfall and traffic at the beginning and end of the school day. Ickenham Station and Hillingdon Station are also key destinations within the area, attracting vehicular and pedestrian traffic, which were observed as creating a demand for parking at peak times. The Hillingdon Trail, a 32km path from Cranford to Harefield, passes through the northern part of the LCA. The PRoW network is focussed through the centre of the LCA as footpaths follow the course of the River Pinn. The Celandine Route, a 12 mile route along the River Pinn from to Cowley, passes through the area, adjacent to the River Pinn.

5.3.4 Land use

LCA 03 is primarily a residential area and includes a number of community services including four schools, doctor’s surgeries, train stations and open recreational spaces. Publicly accessible green spaces, namely Ickenham Green, Swakeleys Park, Riverside Walk Public Open Space, the grounds and Milton Court Green are important contributors to the suburban character of the LCA and the wider green network. The River Pinn flows through the centre of the area.

5.3.5 Urban Structure and built form

The roads through the LCA are typically rectilinear or looping residential streets reflecting the planned ‘Metroland’ pattern. The streets are generally wide with generous green verges and typically include avenues of deciduous street trees. Properties regularly include planted front gardens that contribute to the suburban character of the area. On occasion, such gardens have been paved for parking. The streets are generally well proportioned with good visibility, creating an open and comfortable feel. The area comprises mostly detached and semidetached residential properties, including a combination of and two storey houses. The built form throughout the area

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comprises a varied vernacular but the following features have been identified as occurring regularly, and are therefore considered characteristic:

• Low, red brick walls regularly delineate the boundary between private curtilages and the public highway; • Buildings typically don’t exceed two storeys tall; • Red tiled roofs are prevalent; • A combination of red brick and cream or white rendered walls; • Houses often include a projection of a range or bay windows and front facing gable ends; • Red brick chimney stacks; and • Corse grain pattern.

Typical views through residential streets of Ickenham Metroland

5.3.6 Heritage assets

The Ickenham Metroland LCA reflects the commuter settlement of Ickenham which emerged largely during the 1920s and 30s, partly as a result of the Metropolitan Railway which had in the previous decades given fast and reliable access to London from Ickenham for the first time. The metroland garden city character was epitomised by the image of affordable and modern homes, in beautiful countryside with a fast and reliable train service.

This was a period of boom in house building nationwide; with low interest rates fixed throughout the 1930s, the private sector capitalised on cheap money. Between 1931 and 1938 in alone, former agricultural land became the home for half a million people as the era of the three bed semi and the expansion of Britain’s suburbs progressed. View along Breakspear Road South

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Attracted by the opportunity of home ownership, increasingly seen as a key distinction between the middle and working classes, and cheap mortgages which were arranged by the private house builders themselves, Ickenham emerged as a new suburban enclave of London whose population had grown by sixteen times between 1921 and 1951.

Development west of Swakeleys largely represents post-war housing. While of varied styles, a greater conformity between the approaches of public and private housing developers was witnessed in this period. These houses are of a typically more utilitarian aesthetic, and were a result of the country wide response to the urgent need for housing Swakeleys House after the war.

There are a number of designated heritage and non-designated heritage assets located within this character area; one scheduled monument, four listed buildings, one conservation area and eleven locally listed buildings.

A single scheduled monument is located in the character area and comprises the Medieval moated site 382m south-east of Brackenbury Farm (NHLE 1002001). The significance of the asset is derived from surviving archaeological remains of the medieval moated farmstead, referred to in 1531 as Pynchester Ferme.

Four listed buildings are located in the character area of which View within Conservation Area two examples are considered of exceptional interest and are designated grade I listed. These include: Swakeleys (NHLE 1080295), built from 1629-30 for Sir Edmund Wright, and constructed of red brick with stone and stucco dressings in a mannerist style; and outbuildings to Swakeleys House (NHLE 1286571) comprising a pair of L shaped ranges enclosing a courtyard.

A further two listed buildings are considered of special interest and are grade II listed. These include Ickenham Hall (NHLE 1286099) and its associated forecourt wall (NHLE 1358350). Ickenham Hall is dated to the mid-late 18th century and comprises a large Georgian house constructed of red brick with ashlar dressings. The house has served as the Compass Theatre since 1976.

The Ickenham Village Conservation Area is located inside the character area, and was designated in 1972 with subsequent Soldier’s Return public house extensions in 1983, 1990 and 2008. No appraisal has been formally adopted by Hillingdon Borough Council for the area. The conservation area in Ickenham Metroland covers areas of high quality modern development largely dating from the 1920s to the 1960s with Swakeleys House and associated park located at its core.

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Local lists form a vital element in the reinforcement of a sense of local character and distinctiveness in the historic environment. By identifying significant local heritage assets, they play an essential role in informing the development of local plans. A formal local list has been adopted for the neighbourhood plan area by Hillingdon Borough Council. A total of 11 non-designated have been identified which are of local interest, and largely comprise of houses, but also include a school, public houses and church. Of note are dated to the early 1960s; Heath House, dated also to the early 1930s and comprising an apartment block with rustic weatherboarding and the Soldier’s Return Public House dated to the 1930s. Breakspear School

The Breakspear School has been also been identified as positively contributing to the character and heritage of the area. The Breakspear School was built in 1937 by the Middlesex County Architect W.T. Curtis and his assistant H.W. Burchett. The modernist design, and steel framed construction, had been adopted as a response to a 30% cut in the county building budget enforced in 1931. The design offered greater flexibility than traditional buildings techniques, for lower cost. As well as being of historic interest, the school is of architectural interest as a well preserved example of a 1930s international modern style public building.

The Glebe Avenue Railway Bridge and Electricity substation associated with the railway, constructed of stock brick and built Glebe Avenue Railway Substation before 1914, are of historic interest as evidence of the early importance of the railways to the development of the modern settlement.

5.3.7 Green space and public realm

Swakeleys Park is one of the largest green spaces in the LCA and includes large areas of amenity grass interspersed with mature deciduous trees, a formal memorial garden and a play park; all of which are accessible via paved footpaths. The park is enclosed by woodland which screens the surrounding buildings, giving the park a rural character, despite its urban context. The park follows a linear arrangement. Swakeleys Park There are mid-range channelled views along the areas of grassland that flank the River Pinn. The space makes a key contribution to the wider green infrastructure network since it has a direct ecological connection to the River Pinn and the grounds of Swakeleys Manor (although it is not connected physically or visually).

The Riverside Walk Public Open Space comprises a linear route that follows the course of the River Pinn, comprising a mixture of amenity grass, scrub and woodland. The open space forms a key green corridor through the centre of Ickenham. Two small play parks are located toward the centre of the area.

Ickenham Green is located in the north of the LCA and designated as open access land. The area includes mature Allotments adjacent to Ickenham green deciduous trees, amenity grass and a number of sports pitches. An area of allotments is located to the east of the green.

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The Compass Theatre grounds are located in the centre of the LCA opposite Ickenham Station. The theatre was added as an extension to the historic Ickenham Hall in the 1970s. The grounds comprise three amenity grassland areas with mature deciduous trees and a children’s playground.

Mature street trees and wide grass verges across the area make an important contribution to the green infrastructure of the area, as well as furthering its suburban character. Likewise, back gardens contribute to the green infrastructure of the area and retain the course grain development pattern by maintaining an open space between dwellings.

Street trees and wide green verges along The Grove

5.3.8 Views

Views across the LCA are limited on account of the relatively flat topography and vertical features that curtail far reaching views. Areas of parkland, such as Swakeleys Park, afford the most open views, whilst a number of long straight streets such as Parkfield Road and Oak Avenue offer mid-range channelled views.

Channelled view west along Almond Avenue

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5.3.9 Managing Change

The character of Ickenham Metroland described above is the result of a range of interactions between natural and human processes. This evolution is supported by the section on historical development, which describes how the structure and character of the area have changed over time. Together this provides a baseline against which change can be monitored and managed. Positive aspects of character

There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the pattern of residential development.

• Wide grass verges that line many of the residential streets; • The corridor of the River Pinn providing recreational space throughout the LCA and contributing to the areas network of green infrastructure; • Avenues of mature trees that line many roads within the area;

• The diversity of development pattern of development across much of the area; • The provision of green space across the area including Ickenham Green, the Riverside Walk Public Open Space and Swakeleys Park, focused through the centre of the area; • The character of the area is dominated by a diversity of residential properties; these are largely represented by variations of semi-detached houses and other formats from the 1920s to the 1970s. A wealth of housing designs is represented by the building stock of the area, which adds to the historic and aesthetic interest of the area; Residential street within Metroland • The contrast between the built suburban area of this LCA and the rural Harvil Pastures LCA improve the ability to understand the historical development of Ickenham, enhancing the sense of place; and • Continuity from the open character of the first 1920s streetscapes is apparent across later development, adding to the garden suburb concept of ‘variety with few variables’.

Issues to be addressed

The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through new development or active management. These are principally related to the vernacular of the residential buildings.

• The conversion of front gardens to driveways threatens the positive contributions that private front gardens make to the public realm; • The dispersed character of suburban Ickenham, away from the traditional settlement foci, as well as the private and enclosed nature of housing plots has resulted in some disassociation from the historic and commercial core of the village. This heightens the impact of an ingrained lack of public space within the residential areas, particularly in the west of the character area, which needs to be addressed; • Public space is largely ‘zoned’ in a corridor around the River Pinn, separate from and limiting the relationship it has with the residential areas it serves; and

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• The proliferation of white uPVC and other modern building materials which are not responsive to the historic character and appearance of the conservation area have a detrimental impact upon its significance.

Sensitivity to change

There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change.

• The relatively open character resulting from the prominence of low rise buildings would be sensitive to the introduction of new development that does not have regard for the height of adjacent buildings; and • The streetscapes with tree lined, green verges, are an important characteristic for this LCA and therefore the LCA is sensitive to their loss. Character management principles

In order to address the issues highlighted above, principles for managing change in this area should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing the extent of green space and vegetation throughout the residential areas, as well as furthering the variety of vernacular across the area. The following principles should be considered when defining policies with respect to heritage and character:

• Seek to retain the relatively low density of residential development across much of the LCA;

• Preserve and enhance historic assets, vernacular and materials; • Ensure the longevity of green verges and street trees, this may include a management plan to diversify the age and stock; • Preserve public open spaces; • Integrate new public space into residential areas, particularly away from the centre of the LCA; • Improve the relationship between the River Pinn and the surrounding residential area to maximise its contribution the character of Ickenham; • Encourage retention of front gardens; and • Strategy to reduce on street parking.

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5.4 LCA 04, Brackenbury

5.4.1 Key characteristics

The key characteristics of Brackenbury are as follows:

• Residential estate development consisting of houses and apartments, of a similar architectural style; • Houses are typically arranged around cul-de-sacs with limited public realm features; • Many front gardens are small and often paved over in favour of driveways; • A private or semi-private character through most of the area with pockets of greenspace in the southern part of the character area; • Development heights range from two to six storey; and • An area surrounded by infrastructure corridors.

Residential properties on Cyrus Terrace

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Figure 7: LCA 04 Brackenbury

Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 100019283. © Historic England 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 The Historic England GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on 23/01/2018.

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Natural Factors

5.4.2 Topography and hydrology

The LCA’s topography is predominantly flat, with only a 5m level change between land in the north-west of the area at 45m AOD and land to the south-east at 40m AOD. The Ickenham Stream (Canal Feeder) flows along the western edge of the LCA and continues south toward Yeading Brook, although as it is covered with dense vegetation it is largely hidden from view.

Cultural and Social Factors

5.4.3 Movement and connectivity

All vehicle access into the LCA is via Aylsham Drive and Heacham Avenue which lead eastward from the B466 which extends north to south along the western edge of the LCA. Additional pedestrian access is available to Austin’s Lane to the west. The area’s northern and eastern boundaries are delineated by railway lines and the southern boundary by woodland. The railway lines restricted access and form a physical barrier around the northern and eastern boundaries, which in combination with the woodland on the southern boundary result in a semi-private character to the LCA 04.

The LCA is located between to the north and Ickenham station to the south and is therefore well connected via public transport to central London.

Pentland Field School and the Growing Tree nursery are co-located on the site of an old United States military school, located toward the south of the area. These form a key centre of activity as observed at the beginning and end of the school day and along with several Air Ministry boundary markers, are the only remaining relics of the previous military uses of the LCA.

5.4.4 Land use

The LCA predominantly consists of residential use, except for the school and nursery to the west of the LCA and a public park at Thorpland Avenue, located toward the centre. A number of residential developments include semi-private green space.

5.4.5 Urban Structure and built form

The residential pattern consists of a number of estates, each with their own vernacular and identity including:

• Small, detached, semi-detached and terrace, red brick houses with front drives arranged around cul-de- sacs or semi-private green space; • Mid-sized gated developments comprising three storey apartment blocks with red brick and rendered walls centred on private parking areas; • Terraced, three storey, town houses with private driveways; and • Four to six storey appartment blocks with balconies centred on communal green space, e.g. Perkins Gardens.

The range of architectural styles across the LCA

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The range of architectural styles across the LCA

Each estate comprises multiple buildings of a consistent vernacular and orientation. Whilst this uniform style makes each estate distinct from the next, it is also the identifying feature of the whole LCA which is identified as a collection of estate style developments.

5.4.6 Heritage assets

The present day character of the LCA 04 is a reflection of the piecemeal development of cul-de-sacs as land became available for residential development from RAF West Ruislip, which had occupied the area from 1917 until 2007. There is a stark contrast between these residential estates, which were begun in the late 1980s, and the residential streets of Ickenham Metroland, dated between the 1920s and 1960s.

5.4.7 Green space and public realm

The primary public green space within the Brackenbury Green toward the centre of the area. The space includes an area of amenity grass with a narrow tarmac path around the perimeter which is bordered by mature deciduous trees and a children’s playground which creates a localised ‘village green’ character. The area of grass includes a number of undulating mounds which provide a degree of enclosure from the surrounding residential context and variation to the otherwise flat landscape.

The Tweedale green space is located at the western end of the LCA and also includes an area of amenity grass bordered by mature deciduous trees and features a multi-use games area.

Green space throughout the rest of the area is typically associated with individual developments, such as Perkins Gardens or Heritage Place Retirement flats. Such spaces generally comprise small plots of amenity grass, low growing shrubs and young deciduous trees.

The public realm includes very little vegetation. Private gardens contribute to the public realm, although a high proportion of front gardens have been converted to driveways.

The LCA is mostly enclosed by a buffer of deciduous vegetation that screens the surrounding infrastructure corridors.

5.4.8 Views

Views from within the LCA are typically short range, limited by the area’s built form. This is most evident in the north of the area due to the pattern of built form within winding cul-de-sacs and the six storey developments to the east, resulting in a sense of enclosure.

5.4.9 Managing Change

The character of Brackenbury described above is the result of a range of interactions between natural and human processes. This evolution is supported by the section on historical development, which describes how the structure and character of the area have changed over time. Together this provides a baseline against which change can be monitored and managed.

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Positive aspects of character

There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the residential character of the LCA.

• The ‘village green’ character afforded around Brackenbury Green, in particular the contribution of the area’s deciduous trees; • The belt of mature trees on the southern boundary of the area help to mitigate the effect of the surrounding railway and road corridor land uses; and • Green space that contributes to the area’s green infrastructure.

Issues to be addressed

The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through new development or active management. These are principally related to the possibility to enhance the area’s public realm and improve the green infrastructure network.

• The conversion of front gardens to driveways erodes any contribution that private green space makes to the public realm through the area;

• Very little detailing or articulation to buildings within the estates, such that there is little interest and diversity to the built form; • Preserve public open space and seek to maximise its contribution to the area’s amenity value; and • The limited provision of public open space.

Sensitivity to change

There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change.

• Much of the new development in the area is focused on private or semi-private space. Whilst increased green space is considered beneficial to the area, the increase of semi-private space creates inward looking estates and reduces the permeability of the area; • The narrow street pattern is sensitive to tall development where such introductions may result in a dominating sense of enclosure; and • The area is sensitive to the loss of the small amount of mature vegetation currently present.

Character management principles

In order to address the issues highlighted above, principles for managing change in this area should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing those aspects which make a positive contribution to the area’s character. The following principles should be considered when defining policies with respect to heritage and character:

• Increase the amount of public space within existing and proposed residential areas and seek to make public green links between such areas to improve permeability and the network of green infrastructure; • Introduce street tree planting; • Encourage retention of front gardens; and • Plan for the longevity of the contribution made my mature deciduous trees through advanced replacement planting of a diverse species stock supported by a positive landscape and biodiversity management regime for the area.

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5.5 LCA 05, Ickenham’s Historic Core

5.5.1 Key characteristics

The key characteristics of Ickenham’s Historic Core are:

• Historic buildings and features including the Church of St. Giles and the village pump and an overall ‘village character’; • The quality, detailing and articulation of properties; • A row of commercial frontages which open onto wide pavements that encourage interaction with shop frontages; • The two B roads (B46, Swakeleys Road and B466 Long Lane) which results in a busy and detracting feature in contrast to the character to the historic buildings and village character; • Mature deciduous trees, both in the private and public realm, make an important contribution to the ‘village like’ character of the area; and • The green verge and a row of trees in the centre of the Swakeleys Road contributing to its formal structure and character.

Historic detailing of St. Giles’ Church

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Figure 8: LCA 05: Historic Core

Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 100019283. © Historic England 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 The Historic England GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on 23/01/2018.

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Natural Factors

5.5.2 Topography and hydrology

The LCA sits almost entirely at 40m AOD. The presence of vertical features, including buildings and vegetation, therefore result in a sense of enclosure and channelled views throughout the historic core.

The pond toward the east of the area is the only hydrological feature in the LCA. It is enclosed by dense vegetation which limits its perceived contribution to the area; however, its prominent position in the village and history as a watering hole Swakeleys Road a Node of activity for: retail, community, from the late 1700s makes it a key feature of the transport, pedestrians and historic features LCAs public realm.

Cultural and Social Factors

5.5.3 Movement and connectivity

Ickenham Station is an important travel link, particularly for commuters into the central London. This draws a large number of people through the LCA which contributes to traffic congestion, especially during peak times. Swakeleys Road (B467) and Long Lane (B466) are important roads for the area, providing connections to surrounding towns, including West Ruislip and Hillingdon, and the M40. From the field work, traffic and congestion were observed at the junction of the B467, B466 and pedestrian crossing, which dominate the pedestrian user experience of the area.

Narrow service roads border the southern side of Swakeleys Road, providing some onstreet parking and stopping without congestion to the main road.

A central reservation comprising grass and specimen trees extends the length of Swakeleys Road through the area. This feature softens the appearance to the duel carrageway, and enables north to south pedestrian movment. As a result, a number of desirlines have formed across the central reservation.

5.5.4 Land use

This is primarily a commercial area, including cafés and pubs.

The majority of the northern part of the LCA is residential, with properties which are typically historic properties of high quality design and materials. The built form is typically set back behind front gardens and brick walls or vegetation, thereby establishing a clear delineation to public and private space.

Both the commercial and residential properties to the north are well set back from the road networks. This enables use of the pavement (streetscape) including for restaurant and café seating areas. Wide pavements including spaces for commercial St. Gilles Church, located in the north east of the area, ventures to spill outside adding a sense of community is a key community asset. The site includes a hall, and safety to pedestrians used for community groups throughout the week. The graveyard affords a sheltered and calm green space in the centre of the LCA due to its boundary wall and associated dense vegetation. The graveyard also provides a key pedestrian route between High Road and Swakeleys Road.

Further community facilities are located throughout the LCA including the United Reform Church, Ickenham Village Hall and Ickenham Library.

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5.5.5 Landscape structure and built form

The LCA broadly divides into three sections. The south comprises primarily commercial units, the north residential dwellings and the east is largely occupied by community facilities.

The southerly commercial units form short terraces, with occasional drive ways and alleys that provide access to the rear of the properties. There is a wide range of vernacular across the properties, providing visual interest and retaining the historic character of the area. There are also some common themes including the prominence of red brick, the white render of gable ends and the maximum 3 storey building height. The internal building spaces have a relationship with the exterior streetscape as many of the shops, restaurants, pubs and open out onto the wide pavement.

In the north of the LCA, stone and brick walls and mature vegetation typically delineate curtilage boundaries of the detached or semidetached residential properties that are well set back from the B467. The houses range in the use of materials, including red brick with red roof tiles and flint walls with red brick quoins but it is the quality and originality of the buildings that provide a coherent character. The historic residential properties are arranged in a low density, therefore allowing for generous curtilages which make a positive contribution to the local streetscape.

St Giles Church, located in the east of the area, is one of the oldest buildings in the LCA and remains a focal point of the area. The church displays an interesting vernacular with red brick and timber walls, red tiled roof and diamond patterned leadlight windows.

Detailing and traditional character and detailing through the historic core

5.5.6 Heritage assets

The Historic Core was established in the medieval period.

There are both designated and non-designated heritage assets, with 13 listed buildings, 1 conservation area and 6 locally listed buildings.

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Listed buildings

A total of 13 listed buildings have been identified within the character area.

One of these listed buildings is considered of more than special interest and is Grade II* listed and comprises the Church of St Giles (NHLE 1080229). Dated to 1335, successive phases are dated to the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries as well as a west extension dated to 1958.

12 listed buildings are considered of special interest, and are grade II listed. Three of these are associated with the Church of St Giles, including monuments to John Crozier (NHLE 1065901) and Robert Shorediche (NHLE 1065965) and the Jubilee Flagpole of 1935. Gell’s Alms-houses The remaining listed buildings reflect the rural character of Ickenham prior to the major developments in the settlement from the 1920s. Notable examples include: the village pump (NHLE 1358381), dated to 1886, and comprising a cast iron pump inside a gothic revival stand; Ickenham Hall (NHLE 1286099), built in the mid 18th century and constructed of red brick with darker red brick dressings in a Georgian classical style; and Gell’s Alms-houses, built in 1857 in an arts and crafts style of flint with red brick dressings.

Conservation areas

The Ickenham Village Conservation Area is located inside the character area, and was designated in 1972 with subsequent extensions in 1983, 1990 and 2008. No appraisal has been formally adopted by Hillingdon Borough Council for the area. The conservation area covers the historic core of the village, largely encompassing its extent prior to development from the 1920s.

Within the historic core the conservation area can be divided into two principle areas: North of Swakeleys Road and south of Swakeleys Road.

North of Swakeleys Road and east of High Road which contain development associated within the historical rural character of the village and is characterised by post-medieval to 19th century development. This area of the conservation area Two storey buildings within the west of the area is of a loose grain. The character of the historic rural settlement is best preserved east of High Road, focused around the village pond and pump.

South of Swakeleys Road was redeveloped in the early 20th century. This period of architecture dominates the character and appearance of this area, and is typically of a much closer grain of development than earlier phases of the historic core. Further west, buildings are typically one or two storeys in height and are congruent with the ‘village’ character of the area. The eastern part of the area is defined by three storey neo-Georgian structures which are an important visual component of the historic core and add to the diversity of historic built environment.

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Locally listed buildings

The six locally listed comprise private houses, the Old Fox public house, the village sign post, and most notably The Ickenham United Reform Church. The church dates to the mid 20th century and built in a modernist referenced gothic style.

Ickenham Village hall is not included on the local list but positively contributes to the character and heritage of the area. Dating to the early 1930s the building comprises a white washed hall with hipped roof, and clock within a street facing gablet. The building is included for its historic interest, as a focus of social activity in the heart of the settlement.

5.5.7 Green space and public realm Ickenham United Reformed Church

The LCA is well developed and has little public open space as a result. The St Giles churchyard affords a space for quiet reflection, away from the surrounding main roads. The green verge running the length of the central reservation along Swakeleys Road contributes to the ‘village feel’ of the area and breaks up the extent of highway, thereby softening its appearance.

The focal point of the village is marked by the village pump and adjacent pond. The pump was dug in 1865 and the decorative structure added in 1888 in commemoration of Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee. The pond, dating back to 1780 was once used as a watering place for livestock. Today, the prominence of the pump and pond is diminished by the busy and hectic junction of the B466.

The streetscape along the commercial side of the B467 is susceptible to appearing chaotic on account of the variety of size and colour of paving blocks and the amount of signage and street furniture, particularly toward the junction in the east of the area.

5.5.8 Views

The density of development and lack of vantage points provided by the topography means the views are generally Ickenham pump short range, with the exception of views along the main streets, due to their linear form. Local landmarks, such as the St. Giles church spire, are visible in close proximity and from within a small radius. The trees and garden vegetation aid in softening the visual impact of the built form, hard surfacing and road networks within the character area, as well as providing seasonal colour variation.

5.5.9 Managing Change

The character of LCA 05, described above, is the result of a range of interactions between natural and human processes. This evolution is supported by the section on historical development, which describes how the structure and character of the area have changed over time. Together this provides a baseline against which change can be monitored and managed.

The evolution of the landscape will continue and therefore the management of change is essential to ensure that sustainable social, environmental and economic outcomes are achieved.

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Positive aspects of character

There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the positive relationship between the area’s buildings and streetscape and the historic character of the area.

• A number of well-preserved post-medieval and 19th century buildings survive which serve as landmarks, punctuating the streetscape; • Street trees and garden vegetation; • The scale of development in the core is also complimentary to that of development in the neighbouring residential estates, softening the boundary between the separate areas; and • The wide pavements and retail and commercial land uses results in an interactive streetscape and a positive setting to the commercial buildings.

Issues to be addressed

The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through new development or active management. These are principally related to the dilution of the high quality, historic built form.

• The new buildings within the historic core which make little contribution to the quality of the vernacular throughout the LCA;

• The profusion of visual clutter including signage, street furniture and mixed paving design detracts from the character and visual amenity; • A large proportion of the open areas of the historic core are occupied by hard surfaces, leaving little green space; • The junction of Long Lane, Swakeleys Road and High Road is a dominant feature of the historic core. Heavy traffic currently detracts from the public realm by inhibiting pedestrian permeability of the village centre and detracts from the ‘village’ feel of the LCA; Shop signage that is unresponsive to the historic • The emphasis of providing vehicular access and car character of the LCA. parking threatens the pedestrian experience of the LCA and can give rise to a hectic character. These include parking provisions in front of 1-12 Long lane, and south of Swakeleys Road, as well as a fuel station on Long Lane; • The use of uncharacteristic modern materials in the historic core has detracted from the historic character. This is particularly notable in uPVC windows on 2-12, Long Lane; • Shop signage to the south of Swakeleys Road is unresponsive to the character of the area; and • New development, such as that north of Swakeleys Road whilst including architectural styles referencing the historic character of the village’s core, have not been constructed with suitable materials, such that they appear more as a pastiche rather than a positive reference to the historic character.

New development that pays reference to the area’s character but uses incongruent materials.

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Sensitivity to change

There are some elements of the character area which are particularly sensitive to change. These relate to the loss of historic features and any reduction in the amount of the green space.

• The row of trees in Swakeleys Road; and • The front gardens and boundary walls in relation to the introduction of driveways. Character management principles

The following principles should be considered when defining policies with respect to heritage and character:

• Seek to manage and maintain historic features to ensure the longevity of their contribution to the area’s character; • Unify the pattern of paving and the pallet of street furniture and rationalise the roadside signage; • New development should act to conserve, and if possible enhance the distinctive character of Ickenham, including consideration of the juxtaposition between the rural historic character and 20th century character, in order to enhance the legibility of this relationship and of the village’s sense of place. This would also include shop fronts; the size, shape, colour, style of lettering and materials should be sympathetic to the building and the area, and should consider the relationship between neighbouring buildings; • Historic buildings which have been identified within this report as positively contributing to the character of the LCA should be considered in the production of any formally adopted local list heritage assets. Historic England has published ‘Good Practice Guide for Local Heritage Listing’ (HE, 2012), this should be used as a guide; • Traffic management measures should be considered to enhance the offering of the public realm; • Infill sites are potential sources of new development, but can result in a detrimental effect on the distinctive character and appearance of the area if not designed to respond to the area’s character; • Future planting should consider the benefits of taller tree species over smaller species. When mature, larger species as well as being more sympathetic to the historic character of the area, have a netting effect enhancing views along the streetscape rather than restricting them; • New development which takes a considered and appropriate approach to design, in a contemporary style and materials which are responsive to the historic fabric, is more sympathetic to the historic fabric and landscape of the village than poorly executed historically referenced designs. Therefore new builds which employ the imitation of historic architectural styles, using cheaper modern materials and a lack of consideration to proportion and massing of local historic buildings, should be considered less appropriate; • Proposals which retain the existing public to private structure with high quality, garden walls are more acceptable than those which remove the front gardens in favour of hard surfacing and parking; • Proposals for commercial plots should demonstrate a strong relationship with the street and include high quality material choices consistent with the built form in the historic core; and • A strategy for tree management and replanting should be developed to diversify the tree stock and range of species to ensure the contribution of the street trees is retained.

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5.6 LCA 06, Ickenham Marshes

5.6.1 Key characteristics

The key characteristics of Ickenham Marshes are:

• Open access marshland; • Local Nature Reserve; • Site of Important Nature Conservation; • Conservation Area and Green Belt; • Audible noise from the A40 and RAF airfield which reduces the tranquillity; • Flat landform; • Channelled views typically along public rights of way which are flanked by mature hedgerows and scrub, or mid-range views across flat open fields used for pastoral agriculture; • Limited built development and transport corridors; • Young oak trees; • The Yeading Brook and its associated influence on bankside vegetation species and marshes; and • The Hillingdon Trail which provides access across the landscape and links into the wider PRoW network.

View along track within Marshes

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Contains Ordnance Survey Data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018. Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright 2018. All rights reserved. Licence number 100019283. © Historic England 2018. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2018 The Historic England GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on 23/01/2018. © Natural England copyright. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2018, NB This national dataset is "indicative" not "definitive". Definitive information can only be provided by individual local authorities and you should

refer directly to their information for all purposes that require the most up to date and Figure 9: LCA 06: Ickenham Marshes complete dataset.

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Natural Factors

5.6.2 Topography and hydrology

The topography is generally flat, falling only 5m from 40m AOD in the north of the area, to 35m AOD in the south. The presence of mature hedgerow and scrub vegetation in the flat landscape screen the built development situated in adjacent LCAs, resulting in an enclosed, marshland character.

Yeading Brook flows along the eastern boundary of the LCA. The narrow watercourse is bordered by scrub vegetation and deciduous trees. Although the watercourse is often screened from view by vegetation, its influence is perceived across the LCA through the presence of bankside vegetation and the vegetation marshland vegetation.

Cultural and Social Factors

5.6.3 Movement and connectivity

The absence of vehicles across the LCA is important to retaining its peaceful and naturalistic character. The Hillingdon Trail extends for 20 miles between Cranford and Harefield, crossing the area from north to south and forms the primary footpath route through the LCA. South of the LCA, the trail links to the Dog Rose Ramble and Grand Union Canal Walk. The LCA is also crossed east to west by the Willow Tree Wander footpath, which extends from Ickenham station to North Harrow station follows the Yeading Brook. Yeading Brook The LCA is a local recreational resource. A number of small paths are perpendicular to the Hillingdon Trail, increasing the connectivity and recreational linkages in the area.

Hill Farm Road, a historic farm track, is located in the north of the area, providing access to the adjacent fields and RAF Northolt.

Historically, the Marsh was common land and used by the residents of Ickenham for grazing livestock. Today, the Marsh continues to be designated as open access land and therefore affords the opportunity for recreation. Wayfinding signage within LCA 5.6.4 Land use

The majority of the LCA is used for pastoral agriculture and 7.56 hectares of the site is designated as the Ickenham Marsh Local Nature Reserve (LNR). Managed by the London Wildlife Trust on behalf of the London Borough of Hillingdon. The LNR is grazed as a means of management and conservation. The Stafford Road Open Space grassland area is located in the east of the LCA and is manged by the London Borough of Hillingdon. The northern most portion of the LCA is occupied by the Transport for London Ruislip Depot. The effect of the depot on the rest of the LCA is limited on account of the hedgerows and belts of woodland that provide a degree of visual separation. Likewise, the structural vegetation across the rest of the LCA limits inter- visibility with adjacent residential areas of , RAF Northolt, the A40 and the western edge of residential Ickenham.

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5.6.5 Landscape Structure and built form

The LCA is mostly void of built development, reflecting its designation as Green Belt. The field pattern comprises medium sized fields, defined by mature hedgerows and belts of woodland. This structural vegetation includes hawthorn, blackthorn, elder, oak and some ash (Wild London, 2018). The majority of the LCA is agriculturally managed.

The landscape structure is less defined within the LNR as a result of the looser and smaller pattern of marshy meadows and scattered trees, which contrast to the larger field pattern of the rest of the LCA.

Structured agricultural land Informal structure of land within LNR

Defining the LCA’s southern boundary is the A40 which is flanked by a young, native hedgerow that provides a degree of visual screening; however the noise of the road continues to have a negative effect on the tranquillity of the LCA. To the south eastern boundary is RAF Northolt which also emits regular noise pollution furthering the loss of peaceful rural character.

5.6.6 Heritage assets

LCA 06 has remained largely untouched by modern development and therefore largely reflects what is recorded in the first edition Ordnance Survey maps of 1881 and the 1780 enclosure map. This character comprises pastoral land and the marshes east of Ickenham around the Yeading Brook.

Scheduled monuments

There is a scheduled monument located in the character area and comprises Ickenham Manor Farm (NHLE 1002006), which is scheduled for its association with the medieval manor and the potential for surviving undisturbed archaeological remains within the former moat.

Listed buildings

Two listed buildings are located in the character area. The first of these is considered of exceptional interest and is Grade I listed. Ickenham Manor is a late medieval manor house, with later phases dated to the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The manor is constructed of timber frame with stucco and brick cladding.

The second listed building is considered of special interest and is Grade II listed. This comprises garden walls to the east of Manor Farmhouse (NHLE 1080188) and is associated with Ickenham Manor.

Conservation areas

The Ickenham Village Conservation Area is located inside the Ickenham Marshes LCA. The conservation area extends to the east from the urban area to include Ickenham Manor within its boundary, as well as the scheduled Ickenham Manor Farm and grade II listed garden walls to east of Manor Farmhouse. This ‘spur’ the of the conservation area largely comprises open land south of residential development on Burnham Avenue, and consists of agricultural land and playing fields which surround Ickenham Manor. Ickenham Manor is to some

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extent screened from these outlying areas of the conservation area by mature vegetation, however, the setting of the asset is still associated with these areas.

5.6.7 Green space and public realm

The public realm through the area is limited to the Hillingdon Trail and other footpaths through the LCA. The routes are generally informal trodden paths flanked by tall hedgerows.

The LCA is within London’s Green Belt, serving to prevent the sprawl of urban settlements and retain an open character to the landscape. The agricultural fields typically comprise large monocultures, however the marshes include a varied composition of species including water chickweed, bird’s foot trefoil, lady’s smock, persicaria, soft rush- grass, tufted hari- grass and skullcap. During the spring and summer, this variety affords attractive displays of wildflower meadows.

5.6.8 Views

Views through the LCA are often channelled along the route of footpaths, flanked by mature vegetation. Mid-range views across the pastoral fields are afforded through gaps in vegetation, perpendicular to the footpaths. Overall, views are limited on account of the flat landform and well defined Channelled view along the Hillingdon Trail structural vegetation.

5.6.9 Managing Change

The character of Ickenham Marshes described above is the result of a range of interactions between natural and human processes. This evolution is supported by the section on historical development, which describes how the structure and character of the area have changed over time. Together this provides a baseline against which change can be monitored and managed.

The evolution of the landscape will continue and therefore the management of change is essential to ensure that sustainable social, environmental and economic outcomes are achieved. Positive aspects of character

There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the peaceful and rural character of the LCA.

• Rural, secluded, peaceful character resulting from the structure of mature vegetation and lack of development; • The area’s ecological assets; in particular the marshes, mature hedgerows and trees; • Ickenham manor’s setting is well comparatively well preserved; and • The Hillingdon Trail providing access across the LCA.

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Issues to be addressed

The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through active management.

• Fly tipping and littering along farm tracks; • The concealed character of the Brook, as a result of the extent of bankside vegetation; • Increasing pressure on the tranquillity of the LCA due to its proximity to the A40 and the Northolt Aerodrome; and • The segment of the LCA which is south of the A40 is sandwiched between the A40 is therefore segregated from the rest of the LCA. Sensitivity to change

There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change.

• Established field pattern with mature hedgerows and trees; • The Brook; • The Conservation Area; • Expansion of any of the neighbouring noisy infrastructure would threaten the existing sense of tranquillity; Channelled view along the Hillingdon Trail • The historically open, rural character of the area is susceptible to harm or loss through unsympathetic new development; • Sense of openness and mid-range views across fields; • Loss of structural vegetation would threaten the contrasting sense of openness and enclosure afforded throughout the LCA; and • Increase in the level and frequency of noise from the adjacent aerodrome would become a dominant feature of the LCA. Character management principles

In order to address the issues highlighted above, principles for managing change in this area should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing those aspects which contribute to the tranquil and naturalistic character of the area. The following principles should be considered when defining policies with respect to heritage and character:

• Seek to maintain the characteristic hedgerows and trees that structure the agricultural fields to retain the character of the LCA and screen views of surrounding development; • Enforce a ban on fly tipping; • Seek to keep the centre of the LCA free from development to retain its naturalistic character; and • Improved recreational opportunities in line with NPPF para. 81.

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6. Next steps and sources of further information

In addition to policy protection, this assessment has identified projects or initiatives which could be financed through the Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) and Section 106 (S106) contributions, or if the project is not eligible for these mechanisms, through other means of funding or delivery. CIL is a tool for local authorities to levy contributions from developers to help deliver infrastructure projects which benefit the local community – for more information, see https://www.gov.uk/guidance/community-infrastructure-levy .

Section 106 agreements are site-specific and put in place to make it possible to approve a planning application that might not otherwise be acceptable in planning terms – for example, the provision of new green space. It is recommended to seek advice from the Local Planning Authority on what types of project can be funded through CIL and S106.

Projects and initiatives identified as having the potential to be brought forward by CIL, S106 or other means include:

• PRoW improvements, particularly between Ickenham and the Colne Valley; • Develop a strategy for rationalising the public realm in the historic core and safeguarding the contribution of historic buildings through the area; • Conduct a traffic management study with the aim of reducing congestion at the junction of the B467 and B466; and • Conduct a green infrastructure and open space audit to seek protection for current assets and identify opportunity for expansion and connection. This study is intended to provide evidence to support the development of policies with respect to heritage and character for the Ickenham Neighbourhood Plan. As such, it does not provide a comprehensive overview of the contribution of individual buildings, streets or spaces to the character of the area. It should be considered alongside other evidence gathered through the plan making process, such as detailed policy reviews, consultation responses and site options assessments and the evidence base of the Hillingdon Local Plan. Other work which would strengthen the evidence base and provide a basis to monitor and manage future change includes:

• Design codes which specify the types, for and appearance of development; • Signage audit leading to a cohesive signage strategy; and • A detailed architectural study of buildings identified for the local list. A wealth of further information and support is available to assist Ickenham Neighbourhood Forum in applying the principles set out in this assessment. The Locality website is a useful starting point and is updated regularly. Current guidance which may be of interest includes:

• Making local green space designations in your neighbourhood plan: https://neighbourhoodplanning.org/toolkits-and-guidance/making-local-green-space-designations- neighbourhood-plan/

• Good design in Neighbourhood Planning: https://neighbourhoodplanning.org/toolkits-and-guidance/good- design-neighbourhood-planning/ Further technical support is also available to priority neighbourhood planning groups and forums through Locality, funded by MHCLG. The other packages of support currently available are:

• Setting up a Neighbourhood Planning Group (in unparished areas only) • Housing Needs Assessment (HNA) • Site Options and Assessment • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) • Evidence Base and Policy Development • Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) • Masterplanning

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• Design including Design Codes • Habitats Regulation Assessment (HRA) • Plan Health Check Review Further information is available in the Neighbourhood Planning Grant Guidance Notes produced by Locality: https://neighbourhoodplanning.org/about/grant-funding/

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7. References

Diane K Bolton, H P F King, Gillian Wyld and D C Yaxley, 'Ickenham: Introduction', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 4, , Hayes, Norwood With , Hillingdon With Uxbridge, Ickenham, Northolt, , Ruislip, , Harrow With Pinner, ed. T F T Baker, J S Cockburn and R B Pugh (London, 1971), pp. 100-102. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol4/pp100-102 [accessed 5 February 2018].

Groundwork South, (2014). Colne Valley Regional Park, About. Available: http://www.colnevalleypark.org.uk/about. Last accessed January 2018

Hidden London. (2018). Ickenham, Hillingdon. Available: http://hidden-london.com/gazetteer/ickenham/Last accessed 03.01.18.

Historic England (2018), Local Heritage Listing. Available at https: https://historicengland.org.uk/images- books/publications/local-heritage-listing-advice-note-7/ Last Accessed 03.01.18. Historic England (2018), Local Listing. Available at https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is- designation/local/local-designations/. Last Accessed 03.01.18.

London Borough of Hillingdon (2012). A Vision for 2026, Local Plan: Part 1 Strategic Policies, Adopted November 2012. Available: https://www.hillingdon.gov.uk/article/24461/Local-Plan-Part-1---Strategic-policies. Last Accessed 15th December 2017.

London Borough of Hillingdon (2018). Conservation areas in Hillingdon. Available at: https://www.hillingdon.gov.uk/article/22670/Conservation-areas-in-Hillingdon. Last Accessed 11th December 2017.

London Borough of Hillingdon. (2007). Unitary Development Plan (adopted 1998) Saved Policies 27th September 2007. Available at: https://www.hillingdon.gov.uk/article/6418/Unitary-Development-Plan---saved-policies. Last accessed 15th December 2017.

London Borough of Hillingdon (2018). Development Plan. Available at: https://www.hillingdon.gov.uk/article/29906/Development-Plan. Last accessed 19th January 2018.

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. (2018). National Planning Policy Framework. Available: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/740441/Nation al_Planning_Policy_Framework_web_accessible_version.pdf Last accessed 16th November 2018.

Natural England (2012). National Character Area profile: 115. Thames Valley. Available: https://www.wildoxfordshire.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/NCA-115-Thames-Valley.pdf. Last accessed: 15th December 2017

UK Soil Observatory. (2017). Soilscapes for England and Wales. Available at: http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/ukso/home.html. Last accessed 15th December 2017

Watts, V (2011). The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

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Appendix A – Summary of Hillingdon Landscape Character Assessment, 2012 by Land Use Consultants

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Landscape Character Type Landscape Character Area

LCT A- Floodplain A2 Mid Colne Floodplain – Broadwater Lake to Shire Ditch - A low lying flat, floodplain. - A low lying flat, floodplain with very little topographic - Water is a dominant feature in the landscape, variation, cut into the chalk with overlying gravel and including the River Colne, Grand Union Canal and a alluvium deposits. number of lakes. - Waterbodies including chalk rivers (River Colne and - Pockets of floodplain meadows, grassland and Fray’s River), flooded gravel pits and Grand Union woodland, with a variety of wetland and riparian Canal dominate the landscape, with interspersed habitats supporting a diverse fauna and flora. pockets of unimproved floodplain meadows and - Influenced by sand and gravel extraction, with woodland. The Grand Union Canal demonstrates a former gravel pits flooded to create lakes. linear built feature, which contrasts with the more Recreational activities include bird watching, fishing, natural water courses. walking and cycling. - Dense tree cover, typically situated along waterways - Dense tree cover found along waterways and and lakes, creates a strong sense of containment and around lakes, creates a strong sense of enclosure, restricting views to adjacent landscapes. containment and enclosure, restricting views to Areas of 18th-19th century woodland in the south west adjacent landscapes. Some open views across - A variety of wetland and riparian habitats which water bodies and linearly along water courses. support a diverse fauna and flora, particularly within - Several local footpaths and a number of long designated SSSIs, at , Denham distance footpaths provide access to, and connect Lock Wood and , which demonstrate the water bodies and woodland. a legacy of industry and wildlife. - A strong sense of tranquillity results from the - Few roads pass through this landscape, however the absence of settlement and the dominance of water area is easily accessible by foot, with several long bodies and woodland. distance and local footpaths, often within woodland, and degrees of enclosure and long views down the Close proximity to roads, pylon lines and remaining industrial River Colne. working occasionally interrupt landscape. - Influenced by a history of sand and gravel extraction, many of the pits have been flooded to create lakes, with some small pockets of industry still remaining. - Views are often confined by woodland, with expansive views across open lakes, and linearly along water courses, such as the Grand Union Canal. - A strong sense of tranquillity results from the absence of settlement and the dominance of water bodies and woodland. - Close proximity to the M40 creates some local audible impacts and pylon lines and remaining industrial working occasionally interrupt and otherwise intact landscape.

LCT B- Open Valley Sides B2 Uxbridge Open Valley sides - Typically grassland with some areas of small - Gently rolling, open valley slopes of the Colne Valley, woodland and copses. Amenity grassland comprising London Clay on the upper slopes, and associated with recreational land use, such as Lambeth Group along lower slopes. Uxbridge Golf Course. - A mosaic of amenity grassland, wooded copses and - Important areas of calcareous grassland/relic tree lines make up the landscape, which comprises calcareous habitats, herb rich meadows, woodland Uxbridge Gold Course. and grassland are designated areas for nature - Herb rich meadows, woodland and grassland are conservation. located at Harefield Hall and the lodge and - Settlement density is low, comprising scattered recognised as a site of Borough Grade II Importance. farmsteads, small linearly dispersed settlement, or Part of the Mid Colne Site of Metropolitan Importance buildings in association with recreational activities for Nature Conservation falls within the lower slopes such as Uxbridge Golf Course. Limited access by of the character area. roads. - Settlement density is low, with a collection of building - Often contained by settlement along the top of the largely associated with Uxbridge Golf Course along valley the central eastern boundary. - A number of footpaths, both local and long distance, cross the valley slopes. Contained by the modern settlement edge of Ickenham and Uxbridge to the south east which is partly screened by trees A simple and unified landscape, which retains a natural within the golf course landscape and garden vegetation. character due to the presence of woodland and has a sense of tranquillity.

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LCT C- Undulating Farmland G1 Upper Pinn River Corridor - An elevated, gently undulating farmland to the east - A low lying, flat floodplain… of the Colne Valley… - The River Pinn meanders through the landscape from - A mix of early 18th and 19th century field enclosures, north east to west of the borough, largely hidden with areas of larger 20th / 21st century fields. within the wider landscape by a dense tree coverage. Farmland is a mix of rough grazing, arable and Small feeding streams and ponds are scattered some pasture, and fields are bounded hedgerows throughout. and scattered trees - A largely recreation landscape of amenity grassland, - Tree cover is often sparse, with some areas of including sports grounds, playing fields and golf woodland supporting a range of habitats; courses. - Settlement density is low, comprising scattered - A low density of settlement within the area itself, farmstead (both modern and historic in character). although settlement surrounds and contains the Built settlement edge are predominantly softened landscape. The river course is narrowly channelled and integrated by hedgerows, trees and garden through settlement, such as Ickenham, expanding vegetation but do appear abrupt in places occasionally into open grassland. - Open views across farmland and west towards the - An interspersed mosaic of habitats, including Colne Valley. Settlement or woodland sometimes woodland, scrub, meadow, grassland and ponds are limits views scattered through the landscape, with a significant - Footpaths cross farmland linking farmsteads and number of locally designated areas of conservation features of interest, such as the Colne Valley and and wildlife importance, such as Ickenham Green. Bayhursht Wood Country Pak in the adjacent - A largely contained and enclosed landscape with landscape. Some long distance footpaths pass views typically channelled along river corridors and through the landscape. between settlements. Open fields and grassland allows for longer views. Busy roads, pylon lines and interspersed waste and recycling sites occasionally interrupt the landscape and reduce A sense of tranquillity is experienced in places along the River intactness, contributing to an urban fringe character. Away Pinn and within the woodland areas, however a strong urban from these features, a rural and tranquil character prevails. character prevails, due to the close proximity to settlement edge.

G3 Yeading Brook River Corridor - A low lying, flat floodplain… - Small meandering Yeading Brook, a tributary of the River Crane winds through the landscape from north east to south east, largely hidden within the wider landscape by a dense tree coverage. Small feeding streams and ponds are scattered throughout. - Comprised largely of meadow and grassland, defined by dense matures hedgerows with trees, and interspersed with woodland blocks, including a number of local nature reserves namely Ickenham Marsh. - A low density of settlement within the area itself, although settlement surrounds and contains the landscape. Abrupt edges in places, often softened and integrated by tree cover. - The Hillingdon Trail passes through the character area, running mostly alongside the Yeading Brook, and passing through nature reserves and pockets of woodland. such as Ickenham Marsh. - Varying degree of enclosure. Open meadow and grassland with views to a wooded horizon, which contrast with pockets of dense woodland cover and river corridor and a strong sense of containment elsewhere. Some long views north towards Ickenham and Ruislip. - A textured landscape, with the strong vertical form of trees contrasting with soft low lying meadow grassland. - A tranquil and intimate character, despite the close proximity to dense urban edges. -

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LCT Historic Core N/A - This type forms the historic core of settlement, associated with a church. - A considerable time depth is apparent with built development having evolved from the medieval period to the present day, along historic routes. - A tight urban grain is created by relatively high density development with buildings often drawn close to street frontages. - Built vernacular is varied, including timber framed buildings, red brick with some white render. A concentration of listed buildings and 'historic assets'. - Materials include red brick, purple brick, white render and slate roofing. - A variety of land uses (ecclesiastical, retail, commercial and residential) creates an active and vibrant townscape. - Greens and commons provide important open spaces providing focal points at the heart of settlement. - Variety and rhythm created by varying building lines and roof heights, and texture created by the varied materials palette and façade detailing, contribute to a colourful and vibrant environment. - Attractive views between buildings and around corners to reveal interesting rooflines and building angles

Beyond the historic core 20th century residential development dominates.

LCT Interwar suburb / metroland N/A - The early use of development plans influenced by the 'garden suburb' movement had an impact on the style, layout and density of development in the north of the Borough. - This type evolved with the extension of the Metropolitan Railway in the north of the Borough from to Uxbridge in the early 1900s and the gradual establishment of stops along the line, becoming known as "Metroland". - Suburbs in the south of the Borough developed along improved transport links, such as canals and the Great West Railway and reflect the growth of local industries. - Medium density residential suburbs consisting of a distinctive network of curvilinear streets (crescents), linear streets (avenues) and 'dead ends' (closes). Pockets of late 19th century Victorian and Post War terraces and more recent housing provide variety in character within the suburbs. - Built form is defined by suburban style semi- detached two storey houses in pebbledash or colour render. Brick is also a common building material. - Residential streets often delineated by grass verges and small street trees. - Large well planned Local Authority and railway estates (similar to those designed by the LCC) from the 1920's and 30's are also found in the south. - The leafy suburban character is reinforced by well vegetated domestic front gardens with ornamental shrubs, bounded by low brick walls and clipped hedges. - Views are channelled down streets, framed by the regular facades of houses.

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- Quiet and peaceful residential suburbs with a spacious character due to the relatively wide street proportions. - Interspersed with publicly accessible greenspaces including parks (e.g. Park) and recreation grounds and cut by accessible river corridors (River Pinn and Yeading Brook). Hillingdon Court park is a highly valued local open space surrounded by residential development.

Accessible landscape on settlement edges includes open countryside, golf courses, Country Parks (e.g. Stockley) and nature reserves (e.g. ). Often connected to the suburbs by footpaths and long distance paths.

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Appendix B - Schedule of heritage assets

ID LIST NAME GRADE EASTING NORTHING LIST DATE ENTRY

1 1080188 GARDEN WALLS TO EAST OF II 508301 185314.3608 06/09/1974 MANOR FARMHOUSE 2 1080187 ICKENHAM MANOR I 508293 185329.3608 08/05/1950

3 1357433 LONG LANE FARM COTTAGES II 507895 185428.3608 14/09/1993

4 1080295 SWAKELEYS I 507421 185706.3608 01/05/1956

5 1286571 OUTBUILDINGS TO NORTH OF I 507428 185753.3608 06/09/1974 SWAKELEYS 6 1358350 FORECOURT WALL TO II 508165 185943.3608 06/09/1974 ICKENHAM HALL 7 1286099 ICKENHAM HALL II 508175 185954.3608 06/09/1974

8 1263771 FOOTBRIDGE ACROSS RIVER II 505254.5435 186167.6674 30/05/1986 COLNE, TO SOUTH OF DENHAM COURT 9 1285865 THE COACH HOUSE AND II 507997 186180.3608 06/09/1974 HORSES PUBLIC HOUSE 10 1358381 PUMP ON ISLAND IN ROAD II 507976 186206.3608 06/09/1974

11 1080228 4, HIGH ROAD II 508007 186208.3608 06/09/1974

12 1080116 K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK OPPOSITE II 507990 186222.3608 18/06/1987 SWAKELEYS ROAD 13 1358382 BARN TO EAST OF THE HOME II 508073 186246.3608 06/09/1974 FARMHOUSE 14 1194100 THE HOME FARMHOUSE II 508019 186251.3608 06/09/1974

15 1065965 MONUMENT TO ROBERT II 507964 186251.3608 10/01/1994 SHOREDICHE, ABOUT TEN YARDS SOUTH SOUTH EAST OF PORCH OF ST GILES' CHURCH 16 1357434 JUBILEE FLAGPOLE, BY THE II 507945 186255.3608 10/01/1994 SOUTH WEST CORNER OF ST GILES' CHURCH 17 1080229 CHURCH OF ST GILES II* 507950 186264.3608 08/05/1950

18 1065901 MONUMENT TO JOHN CROSIER, II 507969 186265.3608 10/01/1994 ABOUT TEN YARDS NORTH WEST OF CHANCEL OF ST GILES' CHURCH 19 1080128 FORECOURT WALL TO NUMBERS II 507812.165 186290.3718 06/09/1974 20-26 20 1080126 APPLETREE COTTAGE II 507831 186299.3608 06/09/1974

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21 1080127 GELL'S ALMSHOUSES II 507813 186306.3608 06/09/1974

22 1192483 SWAKELEY COTTAGE II 507570 186335.3608 08/05/1950

23 1080238 HAREFIELD PLACE II 506159.067 186390.8058 03/04/1973

24 1080220 NORTH LODGE II 506424 186528.3608 06/09/1974

25 1358358 COPTHALL FARMHOUSE II 506912 186719.3608 06/09/1974

26 1162292 FOOTBRIDGE ACROSS RIVER II 505158.8978 186909.234 26/04/1985 COLNE, TO EAST OF DENHAM COURT 27 1080265 "BRACKENBURY FARMHOUSE II 507043 187092.3608 08/05/1950

28 1065962 BRACKENBURY HOUSE" II* 505154.741 187329.8108 30/06/1986

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Appendix C – Historic Maps

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1882-A3PDF-10000,

        44494 CMAPS-CM-683613-44494-170118 !  507319, 186082 "#$County  Series    N "!1881-1883  W E %  1:10,560  S &!1:10,560 

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1932-A3PDF-10000,

        44494 CMAPS-CM-683612-44494-170118 !  507319, 186082 "#$County  Series    N "!1932  W E %  1:10,560  S &!1:10,560 

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1959-A3PDF-10000,

        44494 CMAPS-CM-683614-44494-170118 !  507319, 186082 "#$Provisional     N "!1960  W E %  1:10,560  S &!1:10,560 

W12CS5FC D7  X12S4CES1F Y4E89@AE 333`912S4CES1F`52a  RS66b8FC D7c 333`5F4A1FaB6Eb8TF`52a 912S4CES1Fd5F4A1FaB6E`52a  ) 01234 5267189@A B4C CBABDBEF 189@AE GHIP Q1C4B45F RS1TF7 IHHHUPGHV  W12CS5A824 CBAFc 18 January 2018

e2 T8F3 aB6 bF9F4C 5b85f @F1F ghihpq Ickenham Heritage and Character Assessment

Appendix D – Survey Responses

Which buildings or features shape the identity of Ickenham?

Respondents Response Date Responses

1 Feb 11 2018 12:02 PM The village and small high street. Few high rises and flats which I hope stays

2 Feb 11 2018 11:32 AM Pump and St Giles

3 Feb 10 2018 02:21 PM The pond, pump, coach and horses, st giles and the surrounding area where the shops are

4 Feb 10 2018 11:36 AM Village centre, green surroundings, easy access to tube lines

Feb 09 2018 10:56 PM The main shopping area ( swakeleys Road ) the village pump identify the village. The perimeter area of green 5 land behind Hoylake Crecs and the playing fields.

6 Feb 09 2018 08:38 PM Water pump, swakeleys house, parade of shops, community ,green space

7 Feb 09 2018 04:01 PM most

8 Feb 09 2018 09:22 AM The Pump, Coach and Horses, Tree lined streets / greenery, Style of houses

9 Feb 09 2018 07:55 AM Village pump, St Giles and the shopping parade

10 Feb 08 2018 09:26 PM The pump, river pin

11 Feb 08 2018 08:29 PM Swakeleys manor and the pump.

12 Feb 08 2018 12:48 PM Village centre, pump, pond, library, St Giles church and Swakeleys House

13 Feb 08 2018 12:01 PM The shops, The church and pump

14 Feb 08 2018 11:41 AM Pump and St Giles

15 Feb 08 2018 08:30 AM The Pump and the green parks and walks

16 Feb 07 2018 04:21 PM the pump

17 Feb 07 2018 02:25 PM Open spaces, high street, independent shops

Feb 07 2018 02:15 PM St Giles' Church, the Pump, the pond and nearby farmhouse, The Compass( Ickenham Hall ) Ickenham 18 Marsh, Swakeleys House, Ickenham Green and all green spaces in the area, the remaining oak trees.

19 Feb 07 2018 12:24 PM Historic pubs, green areas, pump, churches

20 Feb 07 2018 11:15 AM The village area around the pump, and its proximity to green pastures.

21 Feb 06 2018 05:50 PM Pump church village hall

Feb 06 2018 03:06 PM The shops - but increasingly the horrible new housing - e.g. cars don't fit on driveways so that jut onto 22 pavement - terrible design!

23 Feb 04 2018 08:37 PM The village and Swakeleys Park and green spaces

24 Feb 03 2018 06:37 PM Swakeleys House, St Giles, the pump, Gell cottages and the variety of family homes.

25 Feb 01 2018 06:47 PM St Giles, Gell Cottages, Pump, 'Metroland' housing

26 Jan 31 2018 07:24 PM The green space

Jan 30 2018 04:57 PM The village hall, the churches and their halls, the pubs and cafes, the schools, and a variety of housing. Two 27 tube stations with 3 lines are a great asset. Jan 30 2018 03:26 PM The Pump and Coach and Horses and attractive family homes particularly in the Conservation Area. Gell 28 Cottages. Jan 30 2018 08:56 AM The pump and pond, Pynchester Moat, the high street, Swakeleys Park, Swakeleys House, green space 29 along the Pinn, the marshes, its pre-war houses on Glebe, it’s post-war houses elsewhere, the cherry blossoms in spring, the festival and the Christmas festival.

30 Jan 29 2018 09:02 AM St Giles Church, Church Hall, Alms Cottages, Swakeleys House

31 Jan 28 2018 08:10 PM The Pump, the Titcham Arms and St Giles Church

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Jan 28 2018 12:18 PM Compass theatre, swakeleys house, village pump, coach and horses, st Giles church. Local businesses, 32 friendly feel to the village

33 Jan 28 2018 10:12 AM Pump pubs shops churches positively. Flats large scale development negatively

34 Jan 28 2018 07:46 AM Pump, Swakeleys house and park, Ickenham hall, compass theatre, Ickenham marshes

35 Jan 28 2018 01:35 AM Pump, St Giles church , Swakeleys House and Park, the pond, Coach & Horses, village green.

36 Jan 27 2018 10:22 PM Saint Giles Church, the Pump, the River Pinn, Swakeleys Park, the Compass Theatre.

37 Jan 27 2018 07:59 PM St Giles' Church; Swakeleys House; the Pump; the open spaces (Swakeleys Park, Ickenham Marshes)

38 Jan 27 2018 07:42 PM Church and water pump

39 Jan 27 2018 06:58 PM Pump, church, Little Bunting & pubs. Cherry trees in long Lane.

40 Jan 27 2018 11:34 AM The 2 churches, the 3 pubs (although one is now a chain). the pump, the almshouses, the village hall,

41 Jan 27 2018 11:07 AM The water pump, village hall and theatre are my top 3.

42 Jan 26 2018 10:43 PM Pump, Coach and Horses, Village Hall, St Giles church

43 Jan 26 2018 03:53 PM The Pubs, The Pump, The Avenue & The Drive

44 Jan 26 2018 01:21 PM The water pump. The pubs. We are lucky to have excellent schools.

Jan 25 2018 10:42 PM The 'urban patch' from 'Soldiers Return' to 'Ickenham Cafe' and to 'Ickenham Motor' represent a tangible 45 'village centre', which should be capitalised on, with further traffic calming measures, more 'greening', a complete separation of bicycle, pedestrian and car lanes, and improved street furniture and signage.

46 Jan 25 2018 07:46 PM Churches, 3 original pubs, Swakeleys house, Ickenham hall. Swakeleys Park. Cellandine route

47 Jan 25 2018 06:07 PM The pubs, restaurants and shops in the centre

48 Jan 25 2018 05:07 PM St Giles, Pump, Swakeleys house, pubs, village hall, Milton court, Swakeleys Park

49 Jan 25 2018 01:44 PM Pump, St Giles Church, Coach and Horses, Swakeleys House, or at least the view of it

50 Jan 25 2018 12:13 PM Church, pump,

51 Jan 25 2018 12:01 PM Pump, pubs. Churches. Swakeleys house .

52 Jan 25 2018 11:31 AM The old water pump by the pub

Jan 25 2018 11:26 AM Compass Theatre, Village Hall, St Giles Church, Swakeleys House, River Pinn, Open countryside off 53 Breakspear/Harvill Road

54 Jan 25 2018 11:25 AM Swakeleys House, Coach and Horses, “Home”, Soldiers return, pond, band stand and pump,

55 Jan 24 2018 08:48 PM Pump, st Giles church, URC, swakeleys house, swakeleys park, community close area, village hall

56 Jan 24 2018 04:23 PM The churches, the pump and other older buildings.

57 Jan 24 2018 01:23 PM Churches, coach and horses pub, independent shops

58 Jan 24 2018 11:47 AM The pump, St Giles church, Swakeleys House are the most recognisable buildings.

Jan 22 2018 01:29 PM St Giles church, Swakeleys Park, URC, Village Hall, Compass Theatre, The Pump, Swakeleys Manor (but no 59 longer), library, Coach and Horses.

60 Jan 15 2018 10:25 AM the church and around the pump and the immediate areas to the shopping areas and street

61 Jan 13 2018 01:00 AM Pump, village hall, st Giles, swakeleys house, mini railways, marshes, cricket club,

62 Dec 19 2017 11:10 PM The village pump. St.Giles' church.

Dec 19 2017 12:09 AM Ickenham village, St Giles and the buildings around the pump and pond area provide a key reference point, in 63 terms of style and character. Their scale and community feel should be guiding point for future development.

64 Dec 18 2017 09:55 PM The pump pubs and church

65 Dec 18 2017 08:30 AM The village centre is crucial to the identity both visibly and as a community feeling of identity

66 Dec 17 2017 01:34 PM St Giles, the pond, Coach and Horses, Swakelys house.

Dec 17 2017 09:01 AM The pump, coach and horses, cottages, st Giles, green spaces, swakeleys house. Theatre, library and village 67 hall

Prepared for: Locality AECOM 78

Ickenham Heritage and Character Assessment

68 Dec 17 2017 08:43 AM The Pump, St.Giles, Swakeleys House, Coach & Horses, Village Pond. Maintain our green open spaces.

69 Dec 17 2017 01:31 AM The Churches, the pump, the pubs, the shops and Swakeleys Park

70 Dec 16 2017 09:08 PM Ickenham Village Hall

Dec 16 2017 08:33 PM A mixture of housing. Ickenham has a lot of green space and we shouldn't loose sight of that. Cramming a lot 71 of people into a small space does nothing for social co- heshion.

72 Dec 16 2017 07:52 PM St Giles church

Dec 16 2017 07:47 PM Butcher, baker, Costa, pubs (home/Tic), cafe, church, schools, co-op, , golf club, community hall, guide 73 hut, library, cricket club, Naz hairdressers.

74 Dec 16 2017 07:06 PM The high street, the pump. The coach and horses and home pubs. Cafes

75 Dec 16 2017 07:05 PM Pump

76 Dec 16 2017 06:56 PM The pump, the park, the community

77 Dec 16 2017 06:31 PM Bandstand Swakeleys

78 Dec 16 2017 05:59 PM The pump and that is it.

79 Dec 16 2017 05:47 PM The church, the pump and the great community

80 Dec 16 2017 05:08 PM Library, swakeleys house, st Giles, United reform church, park, pond

81 Dec 16 2017 04:50 PM Village Hall. Ickenham Festival.

82 Dec 16 2017 04:50 PM The church, skeletal park, and the Christmas tree

83 Dec 16 2017 04:30 PM Swakeleys House, St Giles Church , Coach and Horses

84 Dec 16 2017 04:30 PM Pump and st giles

85 Dec 16 2017 04:29 PM Pump church village hall

86 Dec 16 2017 04:16 PM Pump, st giles, swakeleys house.

87 Dec 16 2017 09:53 AM St Giles

88 Dec 15 2017 10:11 PM St Giles church, the pump the coach & horses nice independent shops. Community

89 Dec 15 2017 09:38 PM Residential area with beautiful houses and a lot of greenery

90 Dec 15 2017 07:16 PM Ickenham pump

91 Dec 15 2017 05:40 PM The water pump & st Giles church

92 Dec 15 2017 04:49 PM The coach and horses, Ickenham pump , St Giles Church

93 Dec 15 2017 04:34 PM Village shops

94 Dec 15 2017 04:01 PM The old ones.

95 Dec 15 2017 10:54 AM Swakeleys House, the Churches, the pubs, Ickenham Hall, the marshes and parks.

Dec 14 2017 08:06 PM Historic core- church, pump, pond, coach and horses, former village shops, Home farmhouse. Ickenham 96 manor, Swakeleys House, grounds & Park

97 Dec 09 2017 10:26 PM Alms cottages, pump, telephone box , duck pond pubs, Churches.

98 Dec 08 2017 08:34 PM The Churches some of the shop fronts, not Coopers

Prepared for: Locality AECOM 79

Ickenham Heritage and Character Assessment

aecom.com

Prepared for: Locality AECOM 80