DER URBIZID - Eine Analyse Der Folgen Und Herausforderungen Für Die Städtische Weiterentwicklung Am Beispiel Von Mostar, BIH (AT)

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DER URBIZID - Eine Analyse Der Folgen Und Herausforderungen Für Die Städtische Weiterentwicklung Am Beispiel Von Mostar, BIH (AT) Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng DER URBIZID - Eine Analyse der Folgen und Herausforderungen für die städtische Weiterentwicklung am Beispiel von Mostar, BIH (AT) Eine Stadt in Bosnien und Herzegowina im Wandel des Planungshandelns Abbildung 1:Quelle: eigene Aufnahme. Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng DIPLOMARBEIT Der Urbizid - Eine Analyse der Folgen und Herausforderungen für die städtische Weiterentwicklung am Beispiel von Mostar, BIH (AT) Eine Stadt in Bosnien und Herzegowina im Wandel des Planungshandelns ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Diplom-Ingenieurin unter der Leitung Senior Scientist Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. Gesa Witthöft E280-06 - Forschungsbereich Soziologie eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von Jasmina Turković, BSc 01325251 Wien, am 20.Mai 2019 __________________________ KURZFASSUNG DIPLOMARBEIT Der Zerfall des ehemaligen Jugoslawien werden. Andererseits ergeben sich aus in den 90er Jahren stellte Mostar, eine entsprechenden Rekonstruktionsinitiativen Stadt in Bosnien und Herzegowina, vor die für Stadt- und Raumplanung neue Der Urbizid - Eine Analyse der Folgen und Herausforderungen für die Herausforderung, trotz Urbizid und sich Aufgabenbereiche, insbesondere im Bereich städtische Weiterentwicklung am Beispiel von Mostar, BIH (AT) daraus resultierender Teilung der Stadt, des Planungshandelns. Um die Folgen das Planungswesen aufrechtzuerhalten. Der und Effekte eines Urbizides aufzuzeigen Eine Stadt in Bosnien und Herzegowina im Wandel des Planungshandelns Urbizid, eine spezielle Vernichtungsstrategie, wird der wissenschaftliche Fachdiskurs beschädigte in Mostar materielle sowie aufgegriffen und mit dem Status Quo im ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades immaterielle Güter und hinterließ bosnischen Stadtraum Mostar in Bezug einer Diplom-Ingenieurin zahlreiche Deformationen. In diesem gesetzt. Der gegenwärtige Forschungsstand Kontext zeigt der Beitrag auf, inwiefern sich der tatsächlichen Folgen eines Urbizides eine gewalttätige Zerstörung einer Stadt befindet sich noch in einem unvollständig unter der Leitung neben physischen Schäden auch auf das erforschten Stadium. Im Hinblick auf die Planungshandeln auswirken kann. Dabei Füllung dieser Lücke, ist eine Forcierung wird deutlich, dass einerseits die Folgen für entsprechend der Wichtigkeit der gesamten das städtische Planungsinstrumentarium, Thematik bedeutend und unbedingt weiter Senior Scientist Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. Gesa Witthöft E280-06 - Forschungsbereich Soziologie Planungsprozesse und Akteurslandschaft anzustreben. eng im Zusammenhang eines Urbizides stehen und dadurch Veränderungen im Planungshandeln hervorgerufen eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von Jasmina Turković, BSc 01325251 Wien, am 20.Mai 2019 __________________________ Seite 3 ABSTRACT The collapse of former Yugoslavia in the 1990s responsibilities for urban planners. In order led the city Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina to point out the consequences and effects to face the maintaining of the cities planning through an urbicide, the research takes up a system, after experiencing an urbicide scientific discourse by putting the status quo and the following division of the city. The of the bosnian city Mostar in relation to the urbicide, a special destruction strategy, has pre-war planning system. Due to incomplete damaged Mostar’s material and immaterial research state of actual consequences and goods and left numerous of deformations effects of urbicides, the paper focuses on the in the city. In this context the article explores importance of violent destruction strategies the effects of such violent destructions of in the subject of urban planning. a city for its planning system. On the one hand the main consequences can be shown by the change of the planning instruments, planning processes and the actors. On the other hand reconstruction initiatives after surviving an urbicide, arise new fields of Seite 4 DANKSAGUNG Zuerst gebühre ich meinen großen Dank meiner langjährigen Schulfreundin Angela meiner Betreuerin Senior Scientist Dr.-Ing. bedanken, die jederzeit mit Rat und Tat Dip.Ing. Gesa Witthöft – die mir nicht nur die beiseite stand. Danke für deine Freundschaft Möglichkeit gegeben hat mich in meiner und, dass du mich in jeder Situation zum Diplomarbeit vorliegender Thematik zu Lachen bringen kannst. widmen, sondern auch durch ihre hilfreichen Anregungen und zahlreicher Hilfestellungen Weiters möchte ich mich bei meinen meine Diplomarbeit unterstützt hat. Studienkolleginnen Marlene, Lisa und Jovana bedanken die dazu beitragen, dass Ein großes Dankeschön richte ich auch an ich an meine Studienzeit immer mit einem meine zahlreichen GesprächspartnerInnen Lächeln zurückblicken werde. Durch unsere in Mostar, die mich weitgehend mit Zusammenarbeit an diversen Projekten Informationen versorgt und breites Interesse konnten wir enge Freundschaften schließen, an meiner Arbeit gezeigt haben. die ebenfalls von herzlicher Unterstützung geprägt ist. Mein ganz besonderer Dank gilt meinen Eltern Zlatko und Sanja. Diese Diplomarbeit widme ich ihnen, als Zeichen auch ihres Erfolges und ihren Mut, unser Leben nach der Flucht aus Mostar so erfolgreich in Österreich fortzusetzen. Ich danke Ihnen für eine sorgenfreie Studienzeit, ihre bedingungslose Unterstützung in jeder Hinsicht. Ich danke auch meinem Bruder Adi für seine Aufmunterung und Kraft in schwierigen Zeiten. Außerdem möchte ich mich auch bei Seite 5 Abbildung 2: Quelle: eigene Aufnahme. Seite 6 „S Mostarom je drugačije, s njim se nikad ne opraštam. Jer, Mostar možeš napustiti, al on ne napušta tebe. Uvuče ti se pod kožu, protiče ti kroz vene i sjedini se s tobom, a da nisi ni svjestan toga. I onda je kasno, nostalgija te zauvijek vuče ka gradu rođenom na obalama Neretve“ (Aleksa Šantić). „Mit Mostar ist es anders, mit Mostar verabschiede ich mich nie. Denn, du kannst zwar Mostar verlassen, aber Mostar verlässt dich nie. Das Gefühl geht bis unter die Haut, schlägt durch deine Adern und vereint sich mit dir, dessen du dir gar nicht bewusst bist. Und dann ist es zu spät. Die Nostalgie zieht dich immer wieder zurück in die Stadt, die am Ufer der Nerevta geboren wurde.“ (Aleksa Šantić, freie Übersetzung) Seite 7 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS KURZFASSUNG 3 ABSTRACT 4 DANKSAGUNG 5 1 EINFÜHRUNG 10 INTRO 12 1.1 AUFBAU DER ARBEIT 14 1.2 METHODIK 17 1.3 DER BEGRIFF „URBIZID“ 20 1.4 THEORETISCHER HINTERGRUND UND AKTUALITÄT 24 2 MOSTAR, BIH 28 2.1 MOSTAR- EINE KURZE STADTGESCHICHTE 30 2.2 DAS FUNKTIONIERENDE HANDLUNGSSYSTEM - EIN ÜBERBLICK 33 2.2.1 DIE GESCHICHTLICHE ETABLIERUNG DES PLANERISCHEN SYSTEMS UND DEREN INSTRUMENTE 34 2.2.2 STADTENTWICKLUNG VOR DEM KRIEG 35 2.2.3 PLANUNGSKULTUR, AKTEURINNEN UND ORGANISATION DER PLANUNGSPROZESSE 36 2.2.4 EINFLUSSFAKTOREN IM PLANUNGSHANDELN 38 2.3 ZWISCHENFAZIT HANDLUNGSSYSTEM 40 Seite 8 3 DER FALL MOSTARS 42 3.1 MOSTAR - DIE GETEILTE STADT 44 3.2 STÄDTEBAULICHE UND SOZIALRÄUMLICHE ENTWICKLUNG 46 3.2.1 DIE SCHÄDEN DES KRIEGES 46 3.2.2 STÄDTEBAULICHE VERÄNDERUNGEN DURCH DEN KRIEG 47 3.2.3 DEMOGRAPHIE UND SOZIALSTRUKTUR 56 3.2 ZWISCHENFAZIT 58 4 MOSTAR NACH DEM URBIZID 60 4.1 MOSTAR KURZ NACH DEM KRIEG 62 4.2 PLANUNGSHANDELN NACH 1995 64 4.3 PLANUNGSKULTUR, AKTEURINNEN UND ORGANISATION DER PLANUNGSPROZESSE 66 4.4 DIE REKONSTRUKTION ALS INSTRUMENT 70 4.4.1 EINFLUSSFAKTOREN IM PLANUNGSHANDELN 74 4.5 ZWISCHENFAZIT MOSTAR NACH DEM URBIZID 76 5 MOSTAR HEUTE 78 5.1 PLANUNGSHANDELN 2019 80 5.2 PLANUNGSINSTRUMENTE UND PLANUNGSPROZESSE 2019 84 5.3 AKTEURSLANDSCHAFT 2019 86 5.4 ZWISCHENFAZIT MOSTAR 2019 88 6 CONLUSIO 94 6.1 DER WANDEL IM PLANUNGSHANDELN 96 6.1.2 METHODISCHE REFLEXION 101 6.2 HANDLUNGSEMPFEHLUNGEN 102 7 ANHANG 106 7.1 QUELLENVERZEICHNIS 107 7.2 ABBILDUNGS- UND TABELLENVERZEICHNIS 111 7.3 EXPTERTINNEN-INTERVIEW LEITFRAGEN FEBRUAR 2019 113 7.4 QUALITATIVE INHALTSANALYSE 114 Seite 9 EINFÜHRUNG 1.1 AUFBAU DER ARBEIT 1.2 METHODIK 1.3 DER BEGRIFF „URBIZID“ 1.4 THEORETISCHER HINTERGRUND UND AKTUALITÄT Seite 10 1 Seite 11 1 INTRO Als die Sozialistische Föderative Republik sich aus Sicht der Raumplanung die Frage Jugoslawien (kurz: SFRJ) in den 90er des etablierten Planungshandelns nach Jahren politisch gesehen einen Umbruch dem Krieg. Die Anforderungen und Art und erlebt, brechen zahlreiche Systeme Weise des Planungshandelns in Mostar sind des Bundesstaates zusammen. Die einem großen Wandel unterlegen, dessen Umstrukturierung geographischer Grenzen Einfluss vor allem hinsichtlich räumlicher der Länder in Staaten und Provinzen sind nur Entwicklungen der Stadt spürbar sind. eine von vielen Folgen dieses Ereignisses. In Doch wie stark ist dieser Wandel tatsächlich den Jahren 1992 bis 1995 unterlag auch die und wie steht dieser mit dem Urbizid in Republik Bosnien und Herzegowina (kurz: Verbindung? BIH) diesen Veränderungen, die besonders vom Kriegshandeln geprägt wird.
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