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Part 4: the University of Tokyo (Wakabayashi) and Nationai or my last "News from Japan" article, I have asked Alfredo Petrov to be coauthor. Alfredo regularly travels Fto Japan for the Osaka and Tokyo mineral shows and to lead field excursions around the country. He lived in Nagoya for four years and may have the unique distinction of heing the only person to have heen escorted on a mineral collect- ing trip hy several Yakuza (members of the Japanese mafia); next time you see Alfredo ask for the full story! It is midsummer at this writing, and there are only two apan words to describe Kyoto: hot and sticky It may be a coinci- dence, but in the stifling heat and humidity one wonders if this city was chosen for an international congress on global Part 4: The University of Tokyo warming (resulting in the Kyoto Protocol) for visual flair. With the arrival of early summer in Kyoto comes the build- (Wakabayashi) and Nationai Science ing of noryo yuka (waterfront decks) at restaurants and Museum (Sakurai) Collections and izakaya (hars) along the Kamo River and elsewhere. The warm nights are made more pleasant by sitting on tatami a Plethora of Local Monuments and (traditional rush matting that is used as a floor covering), Mineral and Mining Museums savoring cold sake (rice wine), unagi (braised eel), and cold soha (buckwheat noodles) or other seasonal delicacies while enjoying cool breezes from the river. For a more energetic and lively respite from the heat, rooftop beer gardens, afford- JOHN RAKOVAN ALFREDO PETROV ing nice views of the city and the sunset over the western Department of Geology 531 N. James Street mountains, are a great (and less expensive) alternative. Miami University Peekskill, New York 10566 Oxford, Ohio 45056 alfredopetrov@ Summer is also host to two of the largest matsuri (festivals) [email protected] earthlink.net in Japan. During the entire month of July the ancient capi- tal of Kyoto is taken back in time during the Giort Matsuri, which originated in A.D. 869. During this festival many streets in Gion and central Kyoto are closed at night to all but foot traffic. They are lined with countless street vendors offering games and Japanese festival foods such as takoyaki (balls of egg*battered octopus) and tomorokoshi (grilled ears of corn brushed with soy sauce). Another summer delicacy common in Kyo-ryori (Kyoto cuisine) is hamo (pike eel). Hamo is an exceptionally bony fish and conjures up images of esophageal acupuncture until it is expertly prepared through the art of honekiri (bone-slicing). Master chefs are said to make up to ten cuts per centimeter. When grilled, it is wonderful and not to be missed. Many people, even a gaijin (an outside person), attending the festival wear yukata (a light-weight summer version of a kimono for both men and women). The focus of the street festival is the construction of parade floats (called hoko and yama), many of which are several hundred years old and may weigh as much as ten tons. Gion Matsuri reaches its pinnacle on 17 July when thirty-two yama and hoko are paraded through downtown Kyoto. Pacific Ocean August is the season of o-hon, the festival of the dead, one of the most important events in Japan. Many of the temples N in Kyoto have special ceremonies during this time, from 500 kilometers Dr. John Rakovan, an executive editor o/Rocks 8f Minerals, A is a professor of mineralogy and geochemistry at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Alfredo Petrov is a geologist and part-time mineral dealer Figure I. Map of Japan, by \WlHam Besse. and collecting guide. 188 ROCKS & MINERALS Figure 3. Arsenopyrite, Obira mine, Oita Prefecture; Wakabayashi collection, Department of Min- eralogy, University of Tokyo. Specimen about 10 cm across. Figure 2. Vivianite on pyrite, Ashio mine, Tochigi Prefecture; Wakabayashi collection, Department of Mineralogy, University of Tokyo. Crystal about 5 cm long. the lighting of countless paper latiterns and candles to the immense bonfires {gozan okuribi). On 16 August, the last day of the o-bon festival, gozan okurihi, in the shape of Chinese language characters (kanji), or Buddhist-related symbols, are lit on five of the tnountains around Kyoto, including Daimonji (see yozakura ishi below). Custom holds that the lanterns illuminate the path that the ancestors' spirits must take to move on to the next world. To learn more about contemporary Japan and Japanese culture, I highly recommend Nipponia, a fun, quarterly magazine that is available in print and online at http://web- japan.org/nipponia/backnumber/index.html. Another great Web site is Web Japan (http://web-japan.org/). Figure 4. Cfaalcopyrite, Arakawa mine, Akita Prefecture; Wak- abayashi collection. Department of Mineralogy, University of Tokyo. Specimen about 12 cm across. University of Tokyo Mineral Collection The University of Tokyo was the first university in Japan to offer a program in mineralogy, and Tsunashiro Wada, the first Japanese professor of mineralogy, taught there for much of his career. Wada amassed what is still considered the finest collection of Japanese minerals. Its excellence is largely the result of the Japanese government's intervention, based on their interest in exhibiting the mineral wealth of their country at the 1873 International Exposition in Vienna and the 1877 National Exhibition in Tokyo (Nambu 1970). After his retirement from the university, Wada kept much of the collection, which was eventually sold to Mitsubishi Corporation and is now an important part of the exhibit at the Ikuno Mineral Museum. The University of Tokyo's col- lection, which today consists of approximately 27,000 items and 950 different mineral species. More than 2,000 of these specimens comprise the Wakabayashi collection, another of what are considered the four tnost important collections of Japanese minerals. Figure 5. Chalcopyrite, Arakawa mine, Akita Prefecture (side view of specimen in figure 4), Wakabayashi collection. Depart- ment of Mineralogy, University of Tokyo. Volume 81. May/|une 2006 189 Figure 6. Chalcopyrite, Arakawa mine, Akita Prefecture; Wakabayashi collection, Department of Mineralogy, University of Tokyo. Crystal about 7 cm long. Figure 8. Linarite, Kisamori mine, Akita Prefecture; Wakabayashi collection, Department of Mineralogy, University of Tokyo. Largest crystals about 5 cm long. Figure 7. Arsenopyrite, Obira mine, Oita Prefecture; Wakabayashi collection, Department of Mineralogy, University of Tokyo. Specimen about 20 cm across. Yaichiro Wakabayashi (1874-1943) was born in Kanaza- wa, Ishikawa Prefecture, on 30 August 1874 (fig. 10). In 1889 he earned a doctoral degree from the Imperial University of Tokyo (University of Tokyo, today) and soon thereafter went to work for the Mitsubishi Company, Ltd., starting his career as a mining engineer. He eventually became chief engineer in both the Mitsubishi Company and the Mitsubishi Mining Company and contributed greatly to Japanese developments in mining technology in the early twentieth century. Wak- Figure 9. Pyromorphite, Kisamori mine, Akita Prefecture; Wakabayashi collection. Department of abayashi was an avid mineral collector, and his professional Mineralogy, University of Tokyo. Single crystals to appointments afforded him many unique opportunities to 6 mm long. 190 ROCKS & MINERALS Figure 12. Stibnite, Icbinokawa mine, Ehime Prefecture; Sakurai collection, National Science Museum, Tokyo. Specimen 50 cm long. Figure 10. Satoshi Matsubara Dr. Yaichiro photo. Wakabayashi. language reference (extensive although not comprehensive) about Japanese minerals and mineral localities. The col- lection has numerous strengths including many specimens of chalcopyrite with varying and unusual morphologies from Akita Prefecture. Other noteworthy specimens in the university's collection that were not part of the Wakabayashi collection include a large, artificially constructed group of Ichinakawa stibnite crystals and a sharp, lustrous 2.6-cm pyroxmangite crystal on matrix. Today the University of Tokyo mineral collection is housed in the museum on the university's Hongo (Main) Campus. The museum building is just south of the Akatnon (Red Gate) entrance to the campus. Dr. Tokuhei Tagai, a miner- Figure 11. alogist in the Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Dr. Kinichi Sakurai. is curator of the collection. The museum is very active, and specimens rotate on and off display several times a year. The National Science Museum Collection field collect. He had a discerning eye and collected speci- The National Science Museum (NSM) in Tokyo houses mens not only for their beauty and rarity but also for their a collection of more than forty-eight thousand mineral scientific worth. specimens, most of which are from Japan. Approximately On his sixtieth birthday, Wakabayashi donated his entire 90 percent of the mineral species found in Japan and many collection to the Mineralogical Institute of the University Japanese type-specimens are represented. The number of of Tokyo. Today it resides in the University Museum, which acquisitions is considerable—in recent years more than was founded in 1966. Research on the collection after its two thousand specimens annually—as the result of the donation has led to the recognition of approximately thirty research activity of museum scientists. Much of the collec- new species, including wakabayashilite, which was named tion was donated by mining companies and private collec- in honor of Wakabayashi and was found in the collection tors. Among these, the most notable and important is the labeled as orpiment. collection of Dr. Kinichi Sakurai (fig. 11). More than fifteen A detailed catalog of the Wakabayashi mineral collec- thousand specimens compose what is considered the great- tion (Sadanaga and Bunno 1974) was published in English est private collection of minerals put together in Japan. and is available on the Internet at http://www.um.u-tokyo. Parts of a biography of Sakurai (Miyajima 2000; in Japa- ac.jp/publish_db/bulletin/no07/no07000.html. This thor- nese), paraphrased in English by one of us (AP) and his wife, ough description of the specimens is an excellent English- Tomoko, are given here: Volume 81, May/|une 2006 191 Figure 15.
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