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Explorando O Bazar Tipográfico

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Explorando O Bazar Tipográfico v15 mm Pedro Amado Pedro Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico A importância dos modelos emergentes de comunicação na criação de uma plataforma de colaboração livre para o design tipográfico Explorando o Bazar Tipogr Explorando áfico Pedro Manuel Reis Amado (LICENCIADO) Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em: ARTE MULTIMÉDIA Professor Doutor Heitor Alvelos (ORIENTADOR) 2007 PORTO, Janeiro de 2007 Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico A importância dos modelos emergentes de comunicação na criação de uma plataforma de colaboração livre para o design tipográfico Pedro Manuel Reis Amado (LICENCIADO) Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em: ARTE MULTIMÉDIA Professor Doutor Heitor Alvelos (ORIENTADOR) PORTO, Janeiro de 2007 V Nota ao leitor Este documento foi composto em Linux Libertine Regular 12/16 pt, versão 2.19. Fonte desenhada por Philipp H. Poll em alternativa a fontes como Times New Roman, publicada sob um regime General Public License (GPL) disponível em http://linuxlibertine.sourceforge.net/. As Referências Bibliográficas foram elaboradas de acordo com a Norma Portuguesa NP 405-1 para os documentos impressos e segundo a NP 405-4 para os documentos electrónicos. Versão 4.97, 2007-01-21. 276 Páginas, 77690 Palavras. VII Agradecimentos É com grande satisfação que expresso aqui o meu sincero agradecimento a todos aqueles que tornaram possível a realização deste trabalho. Em primeiro lugar ao Professor Doutor Heitor Alvelos, orientador da presente investigação, pelo empenho e disponibilidade demonstrados desde o início deste projecto, factores imprescindíveis para a realização do mesmo. À minha família, que tanto apoio, paciência e compreensão demonstraram durante todos os altos e baixos deste processo. A todos os meus amigos que me acompanharam durante este processo. Sem eles não teria sido possível, nem me daria tanta satisfação estar a escrever estas linhas. Especialmente ao Vítor Quelhas, Marco Costa e Jorge Pereira, amigos, companheiros de mestrado e apoio fundamental. Silvana Torrinha, Frederico Amado (mais do que família, o meu grande amigo) e Frederico Moura (mais do que um grande amigo, minha família) que me mantiveram são durante todo este tempo. João Santos, Daniel Brandão, Isabel Arouca, Lígia Magro, Cristina Pereira, Jorge Marques, Ana Raposo, Catarina Silva, Patrícia Rocha, Tiago Lourenço e Cristina Cartaxo são aqueles a quem desejo agradecer particularmente entre tantos, pois espero que saibam o que significa o apoio que me têm dado. À Isabel Barroso, que tanta paciência e dedicação demonstrou no apoio à revisão e normalização deste documento. A todos os membros da comunidade on-line que demonstraram interesse e que deram sentido à construção da plataforma. Especialmente ao Paulo Correia e JLM pelos contributos. Pedro Proença pelos sketches e comentários. Femke Snelting pela reflexão e entrevista conduzida. Adam Twardoch, Miguel Sousa, Sergej Malinovski, Terry Biddle, Alexander Proukoudine e Dave Crossland pelo apoio e sugestões fornecidas para o desenvolvimento da plataforma on-line, Victor Gaultney, Ellen Lupton e Thomas Phinney pela discussão na ATypI e apoio demonstrado no final da dissertação. IX Resumo “Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico: A importância dos modelos emergentes de comunicação na criação de uma plataforma de colaboração livre para o design tipográfico” trata de temas como a evolução da Web, a Cibercultura e Modelos de Comunicação, o desenvolvimento de Software Livre e a criação de Projectos Colaborativos sob a realidade electrónica. No âmbito da Comunicação na Cultura Digital, o desenvolvimento de Design Tipográfico foi a aplicação prática escolhida como objecto de análise, tendo por base a ideologia e o modelo de desenvolvimento de Software Livre. Reflecte-se principalmente a mudança de paradigma provocado pelo aparecimento da sociedade de informação desde o desenvolvimento do conceito de Internet. É, acima de tudo, uma análise dos processos de comunicação e colaboração na sociedade digital. Assim, apesar de abordar temas gerais como a Comunicação, ou Cibercultura, foca principalmente propostas colaborativas on-line, a dicotomia da Tecnologia versus Cultura, a Rede e os Modelos de Comunicação e as Plataformas de Colaboração actualmente mais populares. No entanto, sendo uma investigação desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado em Arte Multimédia, investiu-se essencialmente no Design Tipográfico. O subtítulo “A importância dos modelos emergentes de comunicação na criação de uma plataforma de colaboração livre para o design tipográfico” representa um desafio de síntese dos assuntos mais importantes da dissertação: • A evolução e o desenvolvimento da Internet, da Web e da Cibercultura como iniciativas livres, de reacção e de contracultura; • O surgimento da sociedade em rede actual, que reflexos existem na história do Ciberespaço como meio de comunicação e como este meio se revela ser o espaço ideal para o desenvolvimento da cultura digital actual; • A influência dos modelos de comunicação dos finais dos anos 1960 no fenómeno de rede actual; • O modelo de gestão adoptado pelo desenvolvimento de Software Open Source e como este influência o quotidiano e a produção criativa; • Os presentes métodos colaborativos de produção e partilha de conhecimento e de produtos intelectuais – motor de impulsão da inteligência colectiva e de uma sociedade mais produtiva, crítica e responsável. X Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico PALAVRAS-CHAVE Internet, Web (Rede), Virtual, Comunidades Virtuais, Ciberespaço, Cibercultura, Cultura Digital, Cultura Multimédia, Modelos de Colaboração, Comunicação, Paradigmas de Comunicação, Teoria das Redes, Plataformas Web, Open Source Software, Linux, Fontforge, Fóruns (Forums), Blogs (Blog), Wikis (Wiki), CMS – Content Management Systems (Sistemas de gestão de conteúdos), E-Learning, Typeforge, Typophile, Typo-L, Open Font Library, Design, Tipografia, Design Tipográfico (Tipos). XI Abstract “Exploring the Type Bazaar: the importance of the emergent models of communication in the creation of a platform of free collaboration for type design“ deals with themes as the evolution of the Web, Cyberculture and Communication Models, the Development of Free Software and the creation of Collaborative Projects under the electronic reality. In the scope of the Communication in the Digital Culture, the development of Typographical Design was the practical application chosen as object of analysis, having the ideology and the Open Source Software model of development for its basis. It reflects mainly the change of paradigm provoked by the appearance of the information society since the development of the concept of the Internet. It is, above all, an analysis of the communication processes and its contribution in the digital society. Thus, although it approaches subjects as wide as Communication, or Cyberculture, it focuses mainly on on-line collaborative proposals, the dichotomy of the Technology versus Culture, the Net and Models of Communication and currently popular Platforms of Collaboration. However, being an investigation developed in the scope of the Master in Multimedia Art, the investment was made essentially in Typographical Design. The sub-heading “the importance of the emergent models of communication in the creation of a platform of free collaboration for type design” represents a great synthesis challenge of the most important subjects of the present dissertation: • The evolution and the development of the Internet, the Web and the Cyberculture as free initiatives, as reaction and as Counterculture; • The sprouting of the current net society. What reflections exist in the history of the Cyberspace as the communication media and how does this medium reveals itself to be the ideal space for the development of the current digital culture; • The influence of the late 1960’s communication models in the current Web phenomenon; • The management model adopted for the development of Open Source Software and as this inflences everyday life and the creative production; • The current collaboration methods of production and of knowledge sharing of intellectual products - main impulse of the collective intelligence and of a more productive, critical and responsible society. XII Explorando o Bazar Tipográfico KEYWORDS Internet, Web (Network), Virtual, Virtual Communities, Cyberspace, Cyberculture, Digital Culture, Multimedia Culture, Collaboration Models, Communication, Communication Paradigms, Network Theory, Web Platforms, Open Source Software, Linux, Fontforge, Forums, Blogs, Wikis, CMS - Content Management Systems, E-Learning, Typeforge, Typophile, Typo-L, Open Font Library, Design, Typography, Type Design. XIII Sumário NOTA AO LEITOR.....................................................................................................V AGRADECIMENTOS.............................................................................................. VII RESUMO.................................................................................................................... IX Palavras-chave............................................................................................................ X ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... XI Keywords.................................................................................................................. XII SUMÁRIO................................................................................................................XIII ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS...........................................................................................XVII
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