4 23 PKOCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 19089 H .

II. NOTES ON AN ARMORIAL STONE AT CARRIOK HOUSE, EDAY, ORKNEY. BY WALTER L. BELL.

In the Orkney Islands stones carved with armorial bearings occur in fair numbers. These are found on tombs, as in St Magnus' Cathedral, and in many of the old houses now or formerly belonging to families of note. Whe t insidno n e building r otherwiso s e protected froe mth assaults of a stormy, wet climate, many of these armorial stones are now much weathere interestee on e d subjecdefaced th o an dt n t i d i t an , becomes almost a duty to record their stories and the information that is available about them. Carrick House, Eday, standshoree Cale th th fn f so sSoundo , opposite smale th l island know e opee Cal th f th Eday n o fo s lookt d na t an , sou sea between the Red Heads of Eday. It is a picturesque, irregular mas f o buildingss , with crow-stepped gable f earlo s y seventeenth- century type. Since 1854 the island has belonged to the Hebden family, but it has passed through several hands durin e lasth gt three centuriese th n I . Register of the Great Seal of -Scotland there is an entry of a grant of land Edan si Williay yb m Sinclai "Ethee d r y Joho "t n Dalgleischn ei 1617; another in 1623 from Gul. Sinclair to Henry Aitken; a third to John Flemyng in 1627. On 14th January 1632, in the seventh year of James VI.islane th , f "do Athe y " together witHolmese d Calth han f , were conveye Johno dt , "Come Carricke sd , dom. Kinclavin." Laten o r e landth s appea havo t r e passed int e Buchanaoth n family d nexan o ,t t f Cle'straio famile a th Fe f nyo (Jame marriea sFe dMargarea t Buchanan), and from them to the Laings—Robert, Malcolm, and Samuel Laing being successively owners. By deed in 1818, Malcolm Laing disposed of "all & whole the Burgh of Barony called the Burgh of Carrick, which were erected into one Burg f Baronho chartea y yb r unde e Greath r t Sea f Scotlano l favoun di r ARMORIAL STONE AT CARRICK HOUSE, EDAY, ORKNEY. 235

of the deceased John Earl of Carrick of date the 14th day of Janry. in the year 1632," with "houses, higgins, yards, crofts, tofts, townmaills, quoys, quoylands, outbreaks, outsetts, annexis, connexis, parts, pendicles and pertinents whatsoever." The Baikies of Tankerness also appear to have owned property in Eday. In 1854 the island was acquired by Robert James Hebden, and s grandsonownew hi ino sy b d , Harry Hebden e ,Roya th Esq. f o l, Fusiliers (City of London Regiment). The house itself is of interest from its association with the notorious pirate John Gow or Smith. Local tradition has it that he was appre- hended in the dining-room of the mansion ; but according to the interest- ing account of his life and trial written by Daniel Defoe in 1725, and recently reprinted fro e onlmth y known e Britiscopyth n i ,h Museum, s capturhi effectes e Calth ewa f n Islando d , opposit housee eth , owino gt e couragth "pawkinessd ean Jamer M f "o s Fea, younge Clestrainf o r t a , that tim ownee propertye eth th f ro . Go bees wha n idealise r WalteSi y b dre Pirate ScotTh n i t inte th o gallant Clevelan t dfroe contemporarbu ; mth y accoun t wouli t d seem that, thoug t destituthno bloodthirsta f s abilityo e wa e h , y ruffian—"A Superlative CapitaA , l Rogue," Defoe styles him—who richly deserved the fate which, along with seven of his companions, he underwent on Hth June 1725. The ship's bell of his vessel, The Revenge, with the pious motto , Solo "De i Gloria 1640, s i stil" l preservey b d Mr Hebden. The stone which i's the subject of these notes (fig. 1) is let into a e courtyar recese walth th f housee o ln th si f do , abov archen ea d doorway openinpat a seashoree r o walth t ho stone y n largkgb a o Th s ei . e one, nearl feey3 t squaresadls i d y an ,weathered thao s , tdetaile somth f o es of the armorial shield which it bears are indistinct and defective, but the main features can be readily deciphered. The quartering is as follows :— Per pale—Dexter, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counter-nory. Sinister, quarterl y: d fourthfirsan t a lio, n rampant; 236 PEOCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MAKC , 19089 H . second stago tw ,s lodge paln di e ; third, three birds. These last have very evident legs t theibu , r specie s difficulsi determineo t t . Abov e dexted abovth e an e sinistee letter , th rth e B hale A sar rf hallettere . th fB Below sM , toward left-hane sth dremaine th side e ar , s

Fig. 1. Armorial Slab at Carrick House, Eday, Orkney. of a date, of which only two figures, 66, remain. On the keystone of the arch, whic quits hi e distinct fro stone mth e slab bearin e armse gth th s i , date 1633. In Orkney Armorials, by Mr H. L. Norton Smith (1902), this shield is mentioned and briefly described. The writer states that the stone " bear royae sth l arm f Scotlanso d impalin achievementn ga ; quarterly, ARMORIAL STON T CAERICA E K HOUSE, EDAY, ORKNEY7 23 .

firsfourthd an t lioa , n rampant; second stago tw , s; third , three birds, which are probably pelicans." Thi s i hardls y adequate e stonth n 1900i eI w d firssa .an ,t after some investigation am now able to furnish a more full and correct reading. Carrick House is stated by MacGibbon and Boss (Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland, 1892, vol. v.) to have been built in 1633 by the first and only Lord Kinclaven. He was John Stewart, the second son of Robert Stewart, who was created Earl of Orkney, 28th October 1581. This Earl Robert, formerly Abbot of Holyrood, was a natural son of King James V. by Euphemia, daughter of Alexander, Lord Elphinstone. He married Lady Jane Kennedy, eldest daughter of Gilbert, third Ear f o Cassilisl d hadan , , besides four daughters, three sons:— . Patrick1 successos hi , Earldome th n i r , beheaded 1614. 2. John, Earl of Carrick, d.s.p. . James3 e lefH t. issue Captain Robert Stewar f Edayo o t wh , married Lady Jane Gordon, daughter of the Earl of Sutherland. Their son, also Captain Robert Stewar f Edayo t , married Isabella Graem f Graemeshalleo . John Stewart e f seconEaro th , n l so dRobert s createwa , a dpee f o r Scotland 10th August 1607, by the title of Lord Kinclevin (also written Kinclaven) mads wa ed Earan , f Carrico l n Orkneki 1630n i y . There was considerable discussio Prive th y nb Counci thio t s a llatte r patent, pointes wa t tha a t se i titld ou th tf Ear o e f Carrico l e s borni kth y b e reignine th f o n g so Sovereign. Thiswels i s la , known, dates froe mth time of Robert the Bruce. Lord Kinclaven explained that he desired to derive the title of Earl of Carrick, not from Carrick in Ayrshire, but from Carrick, a place on his property in Eday, and the patent was finally granted in 1630. The name Carrick is an imported one, being derived from the Gaelic c.araig, a crag, and contrasts with the Orcadian place- names generally, which almost without exception are of Norse origin. 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 9, 1908.

In old charters relating to the property, the house is called the Mansion- house of Calf Sound, long after Lord Kinclaven's time, and the new name does not appear to occur before the property was erected into the "Burgh of Carrick," by charter, 14th January 1632. What were Lord Kinclaven's reason r wishinfo s o adopt g e styl th f tCarric o s ei e on k unable at this date to say. He married at Chelsea, on 26th October 1604, Lady Elizabeth Howard, daughte f Charleso r , Ear f Nottinghamo l r Rober d Si relic an f , o t Southwel f Woodrisingo l n Hertfordshirei , d die an n 165i d, 2 without male issue. As to the explanation of the arms above the Carrick archway, it might be supposed that they represent those of Lord Kinclaven and s wifehi . Eobert Stewart, first Ear f Orkneyo l , bore—firs fourtd an t h quartered the royal arms of Scotland bruised with a baton sinister. In the case of his son Patrick, second Earl of Orkney, Lord Kinclaven's brother e batoth , n sinister becam a ribboe n sable turnee rightth o t d. e arm Th f Loro s d Kinclaven s givea , e n LyoMSSi nth n i . Office, Edinburgh, kindl r JameSi y y showsb e Balfoum n r Paul, Lyon King, were :—" Two coats quarterly—first and last, Scotland differentiated with a ribbon engrailed sable. Second and third, a ship with raes (oars) in cross within a double tressure or." n anotheI . the e giveyMS rar s abovea n , excepting that o thern s i e mention of the ribbon, and with the addition " all within a bordure gobonated argent and azure." As far as can be seen, the Carrick stone shows nothing of a ribbo r bordureo n . Further e sinisteth e coan th e ,o th tr f halo f achievement is not that of Lady Elizabeth Howard, who would have impaled the Howard coat—Gules, a bend between three cross crosslets fitchee argent. Some other explanation must be found, and the evidence which I have collected make t cleasi r thaarme th t s have nothin wit o e d roya hth o g t l arms of Scotland, but are those of a member of the Buchanan family, ARMORIAL STON T CARRICA E K HOUSE, EDAY, ORKNEY9 23 .

who som ee latte timth e seventeentn rei th half o f h century acquired property in Eday. Sir John Buchanan, generally known as Buchanan of Scotscraig, was secone Roberf o th n dso t Buchanan, lair Lennyf do , "Elemosinarans dwa " to James VI. He married Margaret Hertside or Hartside, daughter of Malcolm Hertsid f Kirkwall eo s chambermai wa o wh , Princeso dt s Anne of Denmark, the King's wife. The couple were tried at Linlithgow in charge 1608th n o e, that Margaret Hartsid abused e ha r positio dhe d nan stolen e Queen'somth f eo s jewels n particulai , a "perler " sai havo dt e been " saul Georgo dt e Hereot Majesty's hi , s principall Jeweller." There is a strong suspicion that these charges were more or less of a trumped- up character, and that Mistress Buchanan was got rid of because of her too intimate knowledg f certaio e n .Court intrigues. Buchanan himself was only charged with being an accessory after the fact; but his wife was found guilty, sentenced to a fine of £400 sterling, and imprisoned in Blackness Castle until she found caution for the payment of the same. This having been forthcoming, she was liberated from prison, but was declared "infamous s banishewa d r lifo "Orkneyan fo t de . However, after some years spen n obscurityi t e Buchananth , s were received back into royal favour d in. an , 161 e sentencth 2 f infamo e banishmend yan t pronounced on Margaret Hartside was revoked. Buchanan must have .been knighted previousl royae th n li o this yt warranr fo , t annulline gth sentence Margaret Hartside is referred to as " the Spous of Sir Johnne Buchanan Knyt." He became Sheriff of Orkney and Shetland about 1625, and some time afterwards returned south. Between 1622 and 1629 he purchased the estate of Scotscraig from George, Lord Kamsay of Dalhousie. e propert Mosth d acquire f ha o te h yn Orkne i d s wa y subsequentl s ynephew hi sol o t d , Thomas Buchanans alswa o o wh , Sherif d Provosan f f Kirkwalo t l from 163 o 1647 t 6r Joh Si .n died 1643n i . r JohSi n Buchana Arthurn f Scotscraino so a ,d knowgha Arthus na r Buchanan of Sound, in Shapinsay. In a family history of the Buchanans Williay b , m Buchana f Auchinvao n r (1723) states i t i , d that 0 24 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 1908H9 .

the property of Sound was bought for Arthur Buchanan by his father, Thomas Buchanan f Jameo n sso , Buchanan, merchan n Edinburghi t a , brother of Sir John of Scotscraig; but Bishop Graham says (quoted by Mr Hossack, Kirkwalle Orkneys)th n i r thaJohSi t n Buchanan bought the lands of Sound and Shapinsay from James Tullo, and these lands were afterwards sol Thomao dt s Buchanan. This Arthur Buchana f Souno n d matriculate Lyoe s armth hi d t n a s Office, 1672-7:—Or, a lion rampant sable within a double tressure flory counter-nor e secondth f yo a crescen: r differencefo t e marrieH . n da Englishwoman named Margaret Buxton. Ther e severaar e l familief o s that nam whosn ei e arm stasa bucr go k appears. Buxton of Brissington, Derby, had :—Sable two bars argent, on a canton of the second a buck of the first attired or. Crest, a pelican. Buxto f Shao n d well, Norfolk:—First coat: argen a liot n rampant sable, tail elevated or raised over the head. Second coat: as Buxton of Brissington. After some correspondence with the Heralds' College, London (depart- Somersee menth f o t t Herald) s enablewa I , d throug e kindnesth h f o s Mr A. T. Butler to obtain a reference to the Visitation of Norfolk, 1613. The following arms were then allowed to the family of Buxton of Dickleburgh . NorfolCo , k :—Quarterly, firsfourthd an t , argen lioa t n rampant, tail elevate r raiseo d d ovee heath r d sabl e; o second tw r o , bucks lodged gules; third, azure three heron. sor This is clearly the coat on the sinister side of the Carrick stone, and we are thus also able to explain the initials above the shield " A B, M B," which are evidently those of Arthur Buchanan and Marjory Buxton, s wifehi . With regard to the,date (1633) on the keystone of the arch, if this represent e armoria date th sth f eo l achievement e ston s erecteth , wa e d during Lord Kinclaven's lifetime; but the remains of another date (probably 166-) below the shield seem to suggest that the stone bearing the Buchanan and Buxton arms has been inserted in its present position at some period subsequent to 1633. ARMORIAL STONE AT CARRICK HOUSE, EDAY, ORKNEY. 241

The explanation of the Carrick stone which I have here given is con- e facfirme th e ground t y th thab d n i f tBalfou o s r Castle, Shapinsay, ther anothes ei r armorial ston ewhicn o (fig e ) sam2 th h. e arms appear. This is placed over an ornamental archway in a wall hounding the " policies," and is a much more elaborate achievement than that at Carrick. I believe it stands on, or at any rate near, the former site of

SR. 'S3

Fig . Armoria2 . l Sla t Balfouba r Castle, Shapinsay, Orkney.

d mansion-housol e th f Soundo e , burnt down after f o Cullode y wa y nb punishing James Fef Clestraino a acquireo wh , t i througd s wifehi h , Janet Buchanan, for his activity in the Prince's cause. The carving appears to have been well executed, but is considerably weathered and defaced. The arms represente e exactlar d ye Carric thosth n o ek stonee Th . shield is surmounted by a helmet in profile, with visor open and the usual mantling. On the helm are some indications of a crest. Under- 6 1 VOL. XLII. 2 24 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 19089 H .

e Buchananeatth s i h n motto, "Nobili a leonis.ir t es s" w (Thino s i s borne " for Lenny " over crest " a lion's paw erased proper" by Buchanan Hamilton of Spittal, Lenny and Bardowie). The upper border of the stone ornamentes i thistley db crownd san s alternately. Abov a triangula s ei r pediment, wit ha larg e monogram (for AB .e dat MB.th e d 1674)an . On either side, but not forming part of the achievement proper, is a e righth e n lefta tfemal o th sidd ,n figuren an ewhilo e ma o a tw ,e unicorns "sejant" form supporters to the whole. Though the Shapinsay stone is in somewhat better preservation than tha t Carricka t , bot muce har h weather-worn. The alreade yar muco ys h defaced as to be deciphered only with difficulty. A few more years, with their rain d wintran s y gales, will complet e procesth e f destructiono s , and the last traces of the quaint heraldic bearings will have perished. Note.—The photographs of the Carrick stone from which the illustra- tions to this paper have been made are enlargements from a photograph lent me by the late Mr Harry Hebden of Eday. That of the stone on Shapinsay was most kindly presented to me by Mr Thomas Kent of Kirkwall (1900).