Contents What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One?
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Contents What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One?. 755 Skills Handbook. .756 Flag Etiquette. .767 Historical Documents. .768 Data Bank . .784 Supreme Court Case Summaries. .792 United States Facts . .798 United States Presidents. 800 National Geographic Reference Atlas . .806 Glossary/Glosario . .814 Index. .850 Acknowledgments . .869 754 APPENDIX What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One? An appendix is the additional material you often find at the end of books. The following information will help you learn how to use the appendix in Civics Today: Citizenship, Economics, & You. Skills Handbook Glossary/Glosario The Skills Handbook offers you information and A glossary is a list of important or difficult terms practice using critical thinking and social study found in a textbook. The glossary gives a defini- skills. Mastering these skills will help you in all tion of each term as it is used in the book. The your courses. glossary also includes page numbers telling you where in the textbook each term is used. This glos- Historical Documents sary combines the English term with the Spanish This is a collection of some of the most important translation and definition to aid Spanish-speaking writings in American history. Each document students. begins with an introduction describing the author and placing the selection within its historical con- Index text. An index is an alphabetical listing that includes the subjects of the book and the page numbers where Data Bank those subjects can be found. The index in this A data bank is a collection of data organized for book also lets you know that certain pages contain rapid search and retrieval. This data bank supplies maps, graphs, or photos about the subjects. information about the government and economy of the United States. It also includes information Acknowledgments about state governments and economies. This section lists photo credits and/or literary credits for the book. You can look at this section to Supreme Court Case Summaries find out where the publisher obtained the permis- Supreme Court case summaries provide readable sion to use a photograph or to use excerpts from discussions of important Supreme Court cases. The other books. summaries are listed in alphabetical order and in- clude a summary of the facts of each case and its impact. United States Facts This quick resource lists all the states and terri- tories of the Union along with the year each was admitted and its population, land area, and num- Test Yourself ber of representatives in Congress. United States Presidents Find the answers to these questions by The presidents have served as our nation’s lead- using the Appendix on the following pages. ers. In this resource you will find information of 1. What are “intergovernmental revenues”? interest on the nation’s presidents, including their terms in office, political affiliations, and occupa- 2. Who was the sixth president of the United States and what term did he serve? tions before they became president. 3. On what page can I find out about John Peter National Geographic Reference Atlas Zenger? Helpful maps of the United States and world are 4. What year was Michigan admitted to the Union? available for your easy reference. 5. What was the Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison? Appendix 755 Contents Interpreting Political Cartoons . 757 Predicting . 758 Analyzing Library and Research Resources . 759 Interpreting a Chart . 760 Making Comparisons . 761 Analyzing Primary Sources. 762 Recognizing Bias . 763 Interpreting a Circle Graph. 764 Sequencing Events . 765 Categorizing and Analyzing Information. 766 756 SKILLS HANDBOOK Interpreting Political Cartoons Why Learn This Skill? Practice It! Political cartoons express the cartoonist’s opin- On a separate piece of paper, answer these ques- ions through art. The cartoons appear in newspa- tions about the political cartoon below. pers, magazines and books, and on the Internet. 1. What is the subject of the cartoon? Political cartoons usually focus on public fi gures, 2. What words give clues to the meaning of the political events, or economic or social conditions. cartoon? This type of art can give you a summary of an event 3. Why is the picture on a milk carton? or circumstance, along with the artist’s opinion, 4. What message do you think the cartoonist is sometimes with exaggeration. trying to send? Learn It! Apply It! Follow these steps to interpret political cartoons: Bring a newsmagazine to class. With a partner, · Read the title, caption, or conversation bal- analyze the message in each political cartoon you loons. They help you identify the subject of the fi nd in the magazine. cartoon. · Identify the characters or people in the cartoon. They may be caricatures, or unrealistic drawings that exaggerate the characters’ physical features. · Identify any symbols. Symbols are objects that stand for other things. An example is the American fl ag, which is a symbol of our country. Commonly recognized symbols may not be labeled. Unusual symbols might be labeled. · Examine the actions in the cartoon––what is happen- ing and why? · Identify the cartoonist’s purpose. What statement or idea is he or she try- ing to express? Decide if the cartoonist wants to persuade, criticize, or just Gary Markstein/Copley News Service make people think. Skills Handbook 757 SKILLS HANDBOOK Predicting Why Learn This Skill? Practice It! You have probably read about people making To practice the skill, read the following para- diffi cult decisions based on something they think graph about a possible case of discrimination. Then might happen. You will have a better understand- answer the questions. ing of why people make certain choices when you consider the factors that infl uenced their decisions, A high school student who uses a wheelchair or predictions. needs a ramp installed to reach the stage during a graduation ceremony held at an auditorium. The Learn It! principal says no, the diploma can be awarded down in front of the stage. As you read a paragraph or section in your book, 1. What action do you predict the student will think about what might happen next. What you take? Why? think will happen is your prediction. A prediction 2. What action do you think the principal will does not have a correct or incorrect answer. A pre- take as a result of your predicted student diction is an educated guess of what might happen action? next based on facts. 3. If you were the principal in this situation, To make a prediction, ask yourself: what do you predict you would do? · What happened in this paragraph or section that I just read? Apply It! · What prior knowledge do I have about the Watch a television show or a movie. Halfway information in the text? through the show, write down your prediction of how it will end. At the end of the show, check your What similar circumstances do I know of? · prediction. Were you correct? What clues did you · What do I think might happen next? use to make your prediction? What clues did you miss? · Test your prediction: read further to see if you were correct. 758 Skills Handbook SKILLS HANDBOOK Analyzing Library and Research Resources Why Learn This Skill? Practice It! Imagine that your teacher has sent you to the Look at the following list of sources. Which would library or to the Internet to research and to write be most helpful in writing a report on the United a report about the current makeup of the United States Congress? Explain your choices. States Congress. Knowing how to choose sources that contain accurate and current information will help you save time in the library or on the Internet. (1) The Declaration of Independence You will also be able to write a better and more ac- (2) The current Information Please Almanac curate report. (3) A children’s storybook about the U.S. Congress (4) A student’s notes on the Internet about Learn It! a family trip to Washington, D.C. (5) A book about U.S. history Not all sources will be useful for your report on (6) A Web site, www.thomas.loc.gov the members of the Senate and House of Repre- (7) A journal article written by the current sentatives. Even some sources that involve topics president of the United States about government will not always provide the in- (8) a biographical dictionary formation you want. In analyzing sources for your research project, choose items that are nonfi ction and that contain the most information about your Apply It! topic. Also choose sources based on their depth and how timely they are. Go to your local library or use the Internet to cre- When choosing research resources, ask these ate a bibliography of sources you might use to write questions: a report on the current membership of the U.S. Con- gress. Explain why you would choose each source. · Is the information up-to-date? Make sure you include information about both the House of Representatives and the Senate, including · Does a book’s or journal’s index have several a breakdown of the membership of each. page references listed for the topic? · Is the research written in a way that is easy to understand? · Are there helpful statistical graphs, charts, and photos? Skills Handbook 759 SKILLS HANDBOOK Interpreting a Chart Why Learn This Skill? Practice It! To make learning easier, you can organize infor- On a separate sheet of paper, answer the follow- mation into groups of related facts and ideas. One ing questions using the chart on this page. way to organize information is with a chart. A chart presents written or numerical information in lists, Time Management Tips for columns, and rows.