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White Sturgeon,Acipenser Transmontanus

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White Sturgeon,Acipenser Transmontanus COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Lower Fraser River population Upper Fraser River population Upper Columbia River population Upper Kootenay River population in Canada Lower Fraser River population - THREATENED Upper Fraser River population - ENDANGERED Upper Columbia River population - ENDANGERED Upper Kootenay River population - ENDANGERED 2012 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2012. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xxvii + 75 pp. (www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm). Previous report(s): COSEWIC. 2003. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 51 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Ptolemy, J. and R. Vennesland. 2003. Update COSEWIC status report on the white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in Canada, in COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). Ottawa. 1-51 pp. Lane, David E. 1990. COSEWIC status report on the white surgeon Acipenser transmontanus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 29 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Don McPhail for writing the status report on the White Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Dr. Eric Taylor, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Freshwater Fishes Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur L’esturgeon blanc (Acipenser transmontanus) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: White Sturgeon — Illustration by Diana McPhail. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2013. Catalogue No. CW69-14/353-2013E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-22142-7 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – November 2012 Common name White Sturgeon - Lower Fraser River population Scientific name Acipenser transmontanus Status Threatened Reason for designation This large-bodied fish occurs in a small area and number of locations in the lower Fraser River Valley. It has declined greatly in abundance over the last 100 years and, although adult abundances now appear to be stable or increasing slightly, habitat degradation continues and fish are subject to mortality from by-catch in commercial salmon fisheries as well as mortality associated with a growing catch-and-release recreational fishery. Occurrence British Columbia Status history The species was considered a single unit and designated Special Concern in April 1990. Status re-examined and designated Endangered in November 2003. Split into four populations in November 2012. The Lower Fraser River population was designated Threatened in November 2012. Assessment Summary – November 2012 Common name White Sturgeon - Upper Fraser River population Scientific name Acipenser transmontanus Status Endangered Reason for designation This large-bodied fish occurs at a small number of locations in the upper Fraser River. The species has declined considerably over the last century (to about 1,300 adults) and will likely continue to decline owing to localized habitat degradation and recruitment failure. Occurrence British Columbia Status history The species was considered a single unit and designated Special Concern in April 1990. Status re-examined and designated Endangered in November 2003. Split into four populations in November 2012. The Upper Fraser River population was designated Endangered in November 2012. iii Assessment Summary – November 2012 Common name White Sturgeon - Upper Columbia River population Scientific name Acipenser transmontanus Status Endangered Reason for designation This large-bodied fish occurs at a small number of locations (5) in the upper Columbia River. The species has declined considerably over the last century, to fewer than 850 adults, owing to habitat fragmentation and degradation, and recruitment failure. Modelling predicts an 80% chance of extinction of the population within the next two generations. Occurrence British Columbia Status history The species was considered a single unit and designated Special Concern in April 1990. Status re-examined and designated Endangered in November 2003. Split into four populations in November 2012. The Upper Columbia River population was designated Endangered in November 2012. Assessment Summary – November 2012 Common name White Sturgeon - Upper Kootenay River population Scientific name Acipenser transmontanus Status Endangered Reason for designation This large-bodied fish occurs at only one or two locations in the upper Kootenay River. The species has declined considerably over the last century, to fewer than 1,000 adults, owing to habitat fragmentation and degradation, and recruitment failure. Modelling predicts an 80% chance of extinction of the population within the next two generations. Occurrence British Columbia Status history The species was considered a single unit and designated Special Concern in April 1990. Status re-examined and designated Endangered in November 2003. Split into four populations in November 2012. The Upper Kootenay River population was designated Endangered in November 2012. iv COSEWIC Executive Summary White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Lower Fraser River population Upper Fraser River population Upper Columbia River population Upper Kootenay River population Wildlife Species Description and Significance Sturgeons are part of an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes. Most of their internal skeleton (including the skull) is composed of cartilage; however, there are superficial bones on the surface of the head and several distinct rows of diamond-shaped bony projections (scutes) on the body. Sturgeons have conspicuous barbels on their snouts. Two species occur along the Pacific Coast of Canada: the Green Sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, and the White Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. They are distinguished by colour: the lower flanks are greenish in the Green Sturgeon and dark grey shading into white in the White Sturgeon. Usually there is a dark stripe along the ventral midline of the Green Sturgeon, whereas the ventral surface of the White Sturgeon is white. Although the White Sturgeon is primarily a freshwater species, some individuals enter the sea. In contrast, in Canada, the Green Sturgeon is primarily a marine fish but occasionally occurs in estuaries and the tidal areas of large rivers. The White Sturgeon is the largest freshwater fish in Canada, and is the focus of an important recreational fishery in the Lower Fraser River, British Columbia (BC). Distribution The White Sturgeon is found only in western North America. Here, they spawn in three major river systems: the Fraser, Columbia, and Sacramento-San Joaquin rivers. Although they are primarily freshwater fishes, some individuals make forays into the sea and are known to enter rivers, estuaries, and bays along the Pacific Coast from southeastern Alaska to Baja California; however, there is no evidence that they breed in any of these other coastal rivers. v Within Canada, White Sturgeon occur as four designatible units (DUs) in BC: the Lower Fraser DU, the Upper Fraser DU, the Upper Columbia DU, and the Upper Kootenay DU. White Sturgeon in the Lower Fraser DU are continuously distributed from the river’s estuary to Hells Gate, about 200 km upstream. They also occur in Harrison and Pitt lakes. The Upper Fraser DU encompasses the Fraser River from Hells Gate upstream to its confluence with the Morkill River: a river distance of almost 1,000 km. They also occur in large upper Fraser River tributaries like the Nechako and Stuart rivers. In the 1950s White Sturgeon in the Upper Columbia DU ranged from the U.S. border upstream at least as far as Kinbasket Lake (a river distance of about 560 km) and historically they may have extended as far upstream as Columbia Lake. They still occur in the mainstem Columbia River as far up as Revelstoke Dam, and there may be a small remnant population in the area between Revelstoke and Mica dams. At one time, in the Canadian portion of the Kootenay River system, White Sturgeon ranged from the confluence of the Kootenay and Columbia rivers upstream to the Idaho border (a river distance of about 440 km). Sturgeon in the lower Kootenay River (i.e., below Bonnington Falls) were directly connected to, and part of, the Upper Columbia DU. Bonnington Falls is a natural barrier that isolated the Upper Kootenay DU from the Upper Columbia DU. This Kootenay portion of the Columbia DU consists of a remnant population in Slocan Lake and perhaps a few individuals in the impounded portion of the river between Brilliant Dam and the lower Bonnington Dam. White Sturgeon still exist in the Upper Kootenay DU and there is still a remnant population in Duncan Lake, which is isolated from Kootenay Lake by the Duncan Dam although it is possible that individuals may pass through Duncan
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