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Journal of the International Map Collectors' Society SUMMER 1990 Volume 9 ISSUE No.2 [CN38] CONTENTS From the Past-President's Desk ...... 3 The Municipal Library at Piraeus ...... 20 IMCos Reminiscences ...... 4 The Hebrides Surveyed ...... 22 IMCoS- the Early Days ...... 5 Aberystwyth, March, 1990 ...... 23 Forthcoming Diary Dates ...... 7 Alphabetical List of Exhibitors ...... 25 Early Beginnings and a Tribute ...... 8 International News and Events ...... 29 Maps in Exhibitions ...... 11 Saxton's Proof-Map of Wales c.1580 ...... 33 The Years of the IMCoS Journal ...... 12 Book Review ...... 41 IMCoS 1990 Annual Symposium ...... 13 Letter to the Editor ...... 45 Military Mapping ...... 15 Annual General Meeting ...... 47

Cover map by Herman Moll from Atlas Minor, 1729. Courtesy Graham Franks Copy and other material for our next issue (Autumn) should be submitted by 21st July 1990. All items for editorial use should be sent directly to the Editor, George Beal, 48 Kings Drive, Surbiton, Surrey KT5 8NQ. Advertising copy, artwork, etc., should be sent to the Advertising Manager, Warwick Leadlay, Gallery, 5 Nelson Road, Greenwich, London, SE10 9JB. Tel. 081 858 0317. Gen. Secretary: W.H.S. Pearce, 29 Mount Ephraim Road, Streatham, London, SW16 1NQ. Tel. 081 769 5041. Treasurer: Eugene Burden, Lake House, Kings Ride, Ascot, Berks, SLS 7JW. Membership Secretary: Mrs Caroline Batchelor, 'Pikes', The Ridgeway, Oxshott, Leatherhead, Surrey, KT22 OLG. Tel. 0372 843 425. Publicity Officer: Yasha Beresiner, InterCol, 1a Camden Walk, London, N1 SOY. Tel. 071 354 2599. Int. Chairman: Malcolm R. Young, 9 Lower Grosvenor Place, London, SW1 W OEN . Int. Secretary: Themis Strongilos, 14 Regillis Street, GR-106 74 Athens, Greece. Tel. 301 721 4796.

Frolll the Past-President's Desk THIS IS A celebratory issue of the the articles; most remain unnamed but IMCoS Journal, commemorating the they do not remain unthanked. first ten years of the International Map Each year from 1981 onwards there Collectors' Society. Everyone connected has been an annual London gathering with the building of the Society, past of IMCoS members from all over the and present, can look back with pride at world, with usually a Reception, Sym­ what has been achieved. This issue in­ posium, Dinner and Map Fair. But the cludes several articles reminiscing main international event has been about IMCoS' early days, and I congrat­ IMCoS' overseas Symposium, held in a ulate all those who had a part in bring­ different country, each with its own ing IMCoS to life. Some are named in national flavour. The success of these

3 events has been due to the hard work collectors, dealers, academics and insti­ and enthusiasm of the local organiser, tutional curators. Our meetings and coupled with the warm hospitality Symposia are one means of doing this, offered by the host country on each and in a different way the IMCoS Jour­ occasion. IMCoS can look back on seven nal is another. Each of the J oumal' s suc­ outstanding international venues: cessive editors - Yasha Beresiner, Steve Amsterdam 1982 Luck and now George Beal- have made Cyprus 1984 their own contributions to improving its Helsinki 1985 content, format, style and credibility. Barcelona 1986 Our thanks to them, and also to our ad­ Israel 1987 vertisers for all their support. Zagreb and Dubrovnik 1988 In 1990 IMCoS comes of age with a Athens 1989 major Symposium in the United States­ The list continues for the years ahead: the home of so many keen collectors, Washington and New York 1990 dealers and scholars. IMCoS looks for­ Singapore and Sydney 991 ward to cementing its trans-Atlantic Istanbul 1992 links and, in 1991, to spreading its Mainz and Duisburg 1993 wings to the Far East (Singapore) and to Italy 1994 the Antipodes (Sydney). (We have vacancies for 1995-2000, and Finally, a word about my successor would be delighted if prospective local as President, Dr Helen Wallis. She has organisers could contact our ever-avail­ brought to IMCoS her immensely wide­ able International Chairman, Malcolm ranging cartographic knowledge, her Young.) many contacts with people and institu­ IMCoS' UK regional meetings are too tions all over the world, and of course numerous to mention individually, but her own inimitable enthusiasm. During the most recent was at the National Lib­ many overseas trips, there could be no rary of Wales at Aberystwyth. We thank one more qualified to spread the gospel Alan Hume especially for organising for IMCoS. She should rightly have led this, and the staff of the National Lib­ this ten-year celebratory editorial, and I rary of Wales for their illuminating talks have usurped the space only because of and the huge display of maps and her commitments in the USA at this atlases they laid out for us. time. One of IMCoS' initial aims was to RODNEY W. SHIRLEY bring together a wide mix of people President, 1980-1986 with differing interests in old maps - IMCoS Retniniscences MY PERSONAL involvement in the and rather haughtily entitled Volume 1, creation of IMCoS was such that I allow No.1'. myself considerable pride today to look Future historians. when analysing at a fully-fledged and professionally­ the Society on our first centenary, will produced Journal distributed to such a undoubtedly see the announcement on diverse membership worldwide. It is a page 39 in the June, 1980 issue of The striking contrast to the single two-sided Map Collector as the beginnings of flysheet published in September, 1980, IMCoS.

4 The Map Collectors' Symposium at became our first Secretary, and I took on the Albany Hotel in Birmingham on the job as editor of our Newsletter. Thursday, 5th June, was a Stanley By the time our second Newsletter Gibbons board decision in order to pro­ was published in November, 1980, we mote the overall exhibition. It was my were the proud possessors of a highly­ good fortune, at the time, to be respon­ respected President, Rodney Shirley, sible for the map side. and the Society was well on its way. I remember well the very pleasant I would like to conclude this very surprise we had at the number who brief 'memory-jerker' by quoting from actually attended the Symposium. It my first editorial: was entirely on an impulse that a Soc­ 'The birth of a Society augurs well iety was formed at the end of the meet­ for a hobby. The I.M.C.S. will hopefully ing. As Chairman of the Symposium fill a need in a map-collector's world itself, having thanked all the partici­ that will complement, rather than com­ pants and those present, there was an pete with any existing organisations ... overwhelming response to my sugges­ Success- and failure- are finally dictat­ tion that this could be a good time to ed by those involved in the running of form a Society. an organisation ... Suffice it to say that Malcolm Young was appointed as we are about to embark on a journey, our first Chairman because he was the purpose of which is simple and quick in responding to my request for a clear-cut: greater enjoyment of a great London-based volunteer to co-ordinate hobby. May we be well guided!' future meetings; Richard Davies speed­ There is ample justification for all ily volunteered his computer facilities, members of IMCoS to feel pride in the and was appointed our first Member­ success that has been achieved by those ship Secretary, whilst Stephen Webb, a who have been involved in the running professional accountant, took on the of IMCoS. We have, indeed, been well Treasurer's responsibilities. Marianne guided over the last decade. Barten, the assistant to ou; speaker, May IMCoS flourish and prosper to John Booth at that first meeting, became the benefit of the hobby as a whole, and our Publicity Officer; John Beech, a its membership in particular. company secretary by profession, YASHA BERESINER IMCoS -the Early Days I WAS ONE of those attending the first played for time and asked him if he (1980) Symposium of IMCoS, ably would let me have a letter about the organised by Yasha Beresiner, but with aims and objectives of IMCoS. This duly the pressures of business at the time, arrived (8th August, 1980): the first of gave little thought to it afterwards. many letters I have since received from Then, quite out of the blue, came a tele­ Malcolm and (dare I admit it?) the only phone call from someone I'd never met, one I have been able to read, because it who hesitantly introduced himself as was typed and not in his own fair hand. Malcolm Young, and asked - would I Anyway, it made such good sense that, become President of the Society? coupled with the transparent enthusi­ This took me so much by surprise asm and friendliness of this chap that I didn't know what to say, so I Malcolm, which was fully confirmed

5 when we met in London shortly after­ ternational standing, who could both wards, I felt I could not possibly say ensure the Society's objectivity and in­ 'no'. dependence, and be available for advice It is interesting to re-read that first and support as needed. letter, as parts of it formed the basis for The choice debated by the new Com­ IMCoS's Constitution, and elements are mittee was essentially between the 'old retained today in the current applica­ Guard' - very senior and sometimes tion form. The key ideas were there, for elderly personages -and 'young Turks', guest speakers, visits to map collec­ who, while perhaps less well-known (at tions, an annual Symposium, a review that time) might grow with the Society. and lending library, and a Newsletter; We decided mainly on the latter, and I this (optimistically) to be bi-monthly. I was delighted that Tony Campbell commended all that had been done so (then with Weinreb & Douwma), Sarah far, and said that I very much hoped the Tyacke of the British Library Map Lib­ Society could equally attract support rary, Gunter Schilder of the University from academics, institutional custod­ of Utrecht, Brian Harley (then at the ians and dealers, as they too had much University of Exeter), and Mireille to offer to collectors and preservers of Pastoureau of the Bibliotheque Nation­ old maps. ale, all accepted with enthusiasm. Since Oddly enough, in spite of the word then, Sarah Tyacke has resigned, but we 'international' in its title, the role of are now well represented at the British IMCoS overseas, which of course was to Library by Tony Campbell, and of flourish greatly over the next decade, course, through past contacts of our was not mentioned at all. Indeed, I my­ present President, Dr Helen Wallis. self wondered if the Society could Ronald Vere Tooley became a special justifiably call itself 'international'. With honorary member until his death in many overseas societies, such as the 1986, and in 1987, Senora Montserrat Helsinki Map Society and several North Galera joined the Council. The Society American societies, having been estab­ is grateful for the support of its Council lished well before IMCoS, we felt it members and is delighted to see them important to emphasise that IMCoS did at its functions. not regard itself as in any way pre-emi­ There was another concern in those nent. The term 'international' referred early days, which was the Society's re­ to the membership; not to any hier­ lations with the existing magazine The archical rank in relation to societies Map Collector which itself had only been overseas. We agreed that one of the founded a couple of years beforehand, aims should be to 'establish links with in 1978. The Map Collector was already map societies and groups of allied inter­ providing a high quality journal cater­ ests in other countries and to exchange ing for map enthusiasts worldwide, information'. covering much the same ground that an One of the things the Society needed IMCoS journal or Newsletter might be to help get it off the ground and give it trying to cover in a much reduced for­ 'respectability' was the backing of some mat. Should not the two organisations well-known names. Hence I believed unite, with IMCoS arranging the meet­ we needed to set up a Council (role and ings, symposia and personal face-to­ responsibilities deliberately rather face meetings between collectors (and vague) composed of personages of in- dealers and academics), while The Map

6 Collector provided, through its profes­ tower of strength: always looking a year sional editing and publishing, a well­ or two ahead; mollifying ruffled feath­ illustrated magazine of articles and ers, unflusteringly sorting out IMCoS' news? In the event, discussions on these genuine teething problems, and lines carne to naught, and the two smoothing over imaginary ones; and in organisations have continued to work performing brilliant diplomatic feats in harmoniously but independently. recruiting overseas representatives and Of the many individuals who gave symposium organisers. And, if I have their time and active support to the Soc­ one lasting memory, it is of his ever-pre­ iety in the first year or so, two in partic­ sent vigilance in ensuring that a thank­ ular deserve to be mentioned: Yasha you speaker (immaterially in Icelandic, Beresiner, for his liveliness, drive, ideas Finnish, Urdu, Turkish or Serbo-Croat, and imaginative suggestions for all to the bafflement of our host country) kinds of activities - annual awards, re­ was ready to give thanks on behalf of gional meetings, map auctions, money­ the Society for the welcome and hospit­ raising raffles, press conferences and ality so greatly enjoyed by IMCoS m em­ even a radio broadcast all about IMCoS bers throughout the world. set in train for a nervous President! Finally, at every point over the last RODNEY W. SHIRLEY ten years, Malcolm Young has been a President, 1980-1986

Forthcotning Diary Dates

1990 1991

Executive Committee Meetings: Informal Evening at the Farmer's 13th June, 11th July, 12th September, Club, London: 14th November. 17th January. United Kingdom Reception, Sympo­ Advance Dates or Venues in planning sium, Dinner, Map Fair and Exhibition: or under investigation: 15th, 16th and 17th June. 1991 8th June. Edinburgh, Scotland; Annual Symposium and Dinner. Overseas Symposium and Map Fair in 16th June. London Map Fair. the U.S.A.: 11th-12th N overnber. Sing a p ore Washington, 1st-4th October; New York Symposium; travel on for of Williamsburg, 5th and 6th October. 17th-19th N overnber. Sy dney, UK Regional Meeting, Royal Library, Australia; Symposium. Windsor Castle: 1992 October. Istanbul, Turkey. 3rd N overnber. 1993 October. Mainz and Duisburg, Germany. 1994 October. Italy.

N .B . Executive Committee and the Annual General M eetings are held at the Farmer's Club, 3, Whitehall Court, London SW1A 1EL.

7 Early Beginnings and a Tribute to Yasha Beresiner

IT WAS IN early 1980 that Yasha number and asked him to be President. Beresiner had the foresight and imagi­ He had never met me, and politely nation to realise that there was a need asked me for the aims and objectives of for an international society of map col­ the new society. These I quickly corn­ lectors. Yasha was at that time a director piled and sent to him. He promptly of Stanley Gibbons, the London stamp replied, and agreed to be our President, dealers. Through this company Yasha and give the society all help possible. had already organised a number of These aims and objectives were later provincial local antique rna p fairs, published in the first Newsletter, Vol. 1, which also included playing-cards and No. 1, September, 1980, as follows: banknotes. I visited one of these fairs in Swindon, and was later sent a question­ 1. People with common interests like to naire about collecting maps. meet one another for general discussion. 2. Some collectors would like the society in As a result of his survey, a number of its newsletter to give advance informa­ us were invited to the first I.M.C.S. tion regarding exhibitions, details of deal­ Symposium, which was held on 5th ers, new books published in this country June, 1980 at the Albany Hotet Birm­ and overseas. ingham. About 30 people attended; 3. Many members may like to know the among the speakers were Rodney whereabouts or in which library are Shirley and John Booth. It was an enjoy­ house the various collections of maps; able day with lunch, tea and maps on how access can be obtained, and whom to contact. display. 4. It might be possible to arrange visits to At the end of the meeting we dis­ libraries for a limited number of members cussed the formation of the new society. at any one time, to examine map collec­ Yasha asked for volunteers to help. I tion, systems of cataloguing, and methods put up my hand as I was partly based of restoring and preservation of old maps. in London, and was appointed by 5. The society would no doubt like to hold Yasha 'Meetings Co-ordinator'! Before I regular meetings and to have guest left, however, Yasha said he would not speakers address the members on specific subjects in depth. be the Chairman, as he was a dealer, 6. Those members travelling overseas may and all senior appointments must be like the addresses and details of similar held by collectors. societies in other countries and collections As I had only a limited knowledge of maps on view. of maps, I was worried. My first reac­ 7. Members might envisage a collectors' tion was to find a President with in­ Map Centre or meeting place. A small depth knowledge. (I had been a lending library could be established for founder-member of ASH Action on those who find difficulty in obtaining books or cannot afford to buy some of the Smoking and Health, so my thoughts more costly reference books. went to copying that structure). I had 8. One of the objects of the society would be been very impressed with Rodney to assist in helping and education of the Shirley' s talk and enthusiasm about younger and new collectors of the future. rna ps that day, so I found his phone 9. Another object should be to encourage

8 not only the collection of maps, but the The Society now heard reports from the preservation of atlases and maps for fu­ various officers who had been fulfilling ture generations. their respective functions on a pro tern basis since June. The Membership Secret­ Notice was given of a formal meet­ ary, Richard Davies reported that the Soci­ ing of I.M.C.S. to be held on Saturday, ety had 46 members, 20 from outside the 13th September, 1980, at the National UK; the treasurer, Mr Stephen Webb re­ Liberal Club, Whitehall. Newsletter Vol. ported that the current balance stood at 1, No. 2, November, 1980, records this approximately £400 - The Editor, Mr Beresiner reported that 200 copies of the meeting: Society's Newsletter No. 1 had been dis­ Some 20 members of the Society attend­ tributed and he requested articles and ed the first of the regular meetings held at material for the forthcoming issue. the Liberal Club in London on Saturday The reports were followed by a general the 13th of September. discussion with several decisions being YASHA BERESINER welcomed those taken and which are to be incorporated present and proposed that a formal com­ into a 'constitution' for the Society to be mittee be formed by election and nomina­ published in due course. tion of officers. He then proposed Mr The members broke for tea and a gen­ Malcolm Young as Chairman of the Soci­ eral chat and returned to the lecture hall ety, he was seconded by Mr Bruce Mars­ for Mr Marsden's illustrated talk entitled den. Mr Young was unanimously elected. 'Before the Map - Some Reasons for the He took the chair, and the remaining Making of Maps'. officers were elected. Mr Rodney Shirley was proposed as Subsequent committee meetings President of the Society by Mr Malcolm were held in Oxford and prior to rna p Young and seconded by Mr S.F. Webb and meetings. The first committee members was duly elected. He was invited to pre­ were quick to get into action. We had a side over the meeting. Membership Secretary, Richard Davies, In addressing the meeting formally for who was a computer expert, so we were the first time as president, Mr Shirley said all listed and had cards printed. how much he welcomed the formation of the Society, and that it was a great credit The General Secretary, John Beech, to the steering committee members that was a senior local government official they had accomplished so much already. who began writing our constitution. There was, he felt, a real need for a forum Stephen Webb became our Treasurer, where map collectors could come together and quickly invested our limited funds and learn from each other. He welcomed and opened our books of account. Paul too the participation of dealers in their Sabin was our first Director, and gave capacity as cartographic enthusiasts and us wise counsel. Rodney Shirley, our collectors and also academics and re­ searchers whose interests spread into the President, as a researcher with an eye to allied fields of topography, geography, his­ detail, demanded a high standard of tory and conservation. The response from work. Rodney undertook to contact overseas collectors to the launching of the academics and libraries who would Society was especially gratifying, and it form our Council. The first Council was one of the Committee's aims to foster members were Sarah Tyache, Tony links with foreign clubs and societies. Campbell, Dr J. Brian Harley, quickly There were, Mr Shirley said, a growing number of devotees and collectors of old followed by Mireille Pastourea u, Dr maps throughout the world, and he hoped Gunter Schilder and Peter Scott. that the IMCoS could play an active role in The committee meetings were very bringing their interests together. involved affairs. We all had different

9 ideas and were all of independent An Amsterdam Symposium was mind! Our major concern was our title planned with Werner Lowenhardt for 'international'. Was it a bit presump­ November, 1982, but that's another tuous? Should we be the British Map story. As the activities became more Society? Probably the only thing Inter­ time-consuming, the provincial members national at that time were the maps of the committee were overburdened themselves and the multilingual Yasha! with work and travel. Alan Bartlett Yasha had had experience in the for­ offered to take over as Treasurer, David mation of the International Playing-Card Webb became our photographer, Faith Society and the International Banknote Ashwood our Advertising Manager. Society, so we agreed to I.M.C.S. The first thing Alan Bartlett changed The society became quite active with was not the money, but the title, from talks and visits. The London Sym po­ I.M.C.S. to IMCoS. We all felt it was a sium 10th-11th October 1981 at the better title, and Yasha pointed out that Grosvenor Hotel, Victoria, was planned. the 'o' had been there all the time in the The speakers were Brian Harley, Ralph form of a globe 0. Hyde, Bob Akers and Susanna Fisher. The membership grew, the dealers The Map Fair with 28 dealers was or­ seemed satisfied and backed us with ad­ ganised by Jonathan Potter. Richard vertising, the institutions and libraries Davies and David James of Norwich or­ supported us and welcomed us as visit­ ganised the auction and Bruce Marsden ors, both in the UK and abroad. Dr wrote the description for the catalogue. Helen Wallis gave us her blessing. Caro­ Antoinette Tomsett ran the raffle, line Batchelor promised to be our Mem­ Faith Ashwood was Symposium Secret­ bership Secretary on her return from ary, meetings were held at Tooley's Africa in two years' time. offices in Museum Street. Yasha was at It was at the Symposium in Nicosia the door, receiving everyone when we in 1984 that the International Represent­ opened on the day! The Dinner Speaker atives got together. Every representative was Brigadier G. Gathercole, Deputy present decided to have his own Sym­ Director of the Royal Geographical Soc­ posium! Dr Novak wanted his in Croat­ iety. ia, the land of his birth, Eva Wajntraub It was a stimulating weekend, en­ wanted hers in the 'centre of the world', joyed by all. I remember an exhausted Jerusalem, Themis Strongilos offered us but happy Jonathan Potter and myself Athens, and finally Yasha suggested our carrying out display screens and closing 10th anniversary should be in the USA, down the event late that day! where we had a high proportion of One of my concerns was still our in­ members. ternational title. As overseas visitors We have now reached that 10th year, came to the fair I quickly persuaded and we shall be in Washington, D.C., in them to be our overseas representatives. October. It is now the time formally to Gunnar Skoog from Sweden, Dr Novak recognise our founder, Yasha Beresiner, from Germany, Werner Lowenhardt who had the ideas, the imagination, to from the Netherlands, Neil McKinnon form the Society which has given so of New Zealand and Edward Dahl of much pleasure to so many people in so Canada all joined as representatives - many different countries. we were at last becoming really interna­ tional! Continued on page 39

10 Maps in Exhibitions

The Vinland Map Mappa Mundi Fragment A rare chance to examine the controver­ In the Queen's Gallery, Buckingham sial Vinland Map is provided by the ex­ Palace, is a fascinating exhibition; 'A hibition currently running at the British Royal Miscellany' (till January, 1991), Museum, 'Fake? The Art of Deception'. containing treasures from the private Protected from the light in a black box Royal Library at Windsor Castle. One of and located at the far end of the room, the most interesting items is a fragment this precious manuscript (or fake?) can of a world map found five years ago in be seen there until 2nd September 1990, the Duchy of Cornwall archives. when the exhibition is due to close. Thought to have been drawn about Its inclusion as an exhibit, even 1260, its survival is due to its use as a though it is placed alongside other wrapper for a court book in the early items once thought to be fakes, but now 16th century. The extant lower right cor­ recognised as genuine, suggests that the ner shows Africa and the Nile, with evidence of excessive amounts of titan­ many mythological beasts, and the map ium dioxide in the ink found by was probably an important source for McCrone Associates in 1972-3 has estab­ the Hereford world map. lished the map as a fake. This has been In the same exhibition are three other disputed by a recent analysis at the Uni­ manuscript maps: 'Plan of the Battle of versity of California, Davis. Culloden, 1746, by Thomas Sandby; To recap: The map was acquired by 'Plan of Quebec during the siege of Yale University in 1965, eight years after 1759', endorsed by Pat Mackellar, Major it had surfaced in Switzerland. Made and Chief Engineer; and John Montres­ about 1440, it appears to show pre­ sor's 'Map of besieged Boston and envi­ Columbian America some 50 years rons, 1775', dedicated to the British before the discoveries of Columbus. To commander, Thomas Gage, Governor of the left of Greenland is 'Vinlandia Massachusetts, and showing the dis­ Insula', the Vinland discovered by position of the army a month after the Norse explorers in the 12th century. famous Tea Party. The other rna p in the exhibition is 'Richard of Cirencester's map of Roman Aborigine Maps at the Mall Gallery, Britain'. In 1747, Charles Bertram, an 6th-11th June, 1990 Englishman living in Copenhagen, Australian aborigines have been paint­ wrote to the famous antiquarian ing religious maps for centuries, accord­ William Stukely to announce that he ing to an article in The Times by Isabel had come across a manuscript history of Wolff (4th April, 1990). Their painting, Great Britain. On the map were many sculpture and woodwork are now names, such as the Pennines Montes, filling museums and galleries, but it is not previously known from the Roman the dot paintings of the central desert texts. Stukely published the text and the which are making the most impact. map in 1757 to great acclaim, and they Done in acrylic on large canvases, these were not shown to be forgeries until have been seen by some as constituting more than a hundred years ago. a new school of Australian abstract art. Continued on page 12

11 The Years of the IMCoS Journal

THE JOURNAL of the International was to receive many letters on the sub­ Map Collectors' Society is ten years old. ject, none more graphically than from Forty-one issues ago, it started life as Ed. Dahl, our man in Canada. After two single sheets of paper, crammed several attempts, we finally managed to with information, but not much in the solve the problem. way of news- hardly surprising, since The latest issues show an ever-im­ the Society had not even had its first proving Journal as the importance of formal meeting! That first meeting of the International status grows, better the Society, or I.M.C.S., as it was to be quality, neat layout and more illustra­ shortened to, took place later that same tions. I would like to close in wishing month on 13th September, 1980. Prior to the IMCoS Journal the success it de­ this, there had been a highly successful serves for the next ten years and more. symposium at the Albany Hotel, Birm­ STEPHEN LUCK ingham, where the idea of a map collec­ tors' society was first raised. Maps in Exhibitions Looking back nostalgically at the Continued from page 11 early issues, one notices many changes and improvements as the importance But abstract they are not. They are, in and budget increased with the member­ fact, religious maps, transposing on to ship. Remarkably though, the logo, the canvas the traditional designs created name, and the aims of the Society have on the ground at sacred ceremonies: remained unchanged - all credit to the mosaics of stones, barks and twigs original officers. which are ritually erased by milling feet. Two members from the original gang The component parts may look of six are still actively involved and con­ chaotic, but once the symbols are un­ tinuing with unending enthusiasm. derstood, the maps can be read. Circles Yasha Beresiner was the first editor, and stand for water-holes, .clouds or com­ in ten years there have only been three! posites, wavy lines can be rainwater or His first editorial mentions 'The Birth of snakes, U-shapes represent men and the Society', and I quote the last para­ women sitting. graph: 'Suffice it to say that we are about The paintings have one common to embark on a journey the purpose of theme; they all relate to stories of the which is simple and clear-cut: greater en­ 'Dreamtime' of aboriginal mythology, joyment of a great hobby. May we be when ancient beings roamed the world, well-guided!' Also helping to guide us singing the landscape and everything in on that journey was Malcolm Young, it top existence. down in the inaugural issue as Meetings Too often, the concept of a map is Co-ordinator, later to appear in volume 1 dependent on the European tradition. No.2 with debatable promotion as Chair­ Here is an example of a type of carto­ man, where he was to stay until recently, graphy that is outside this European becoming International Chairman. conception. I could never understand the need (The paintings were also on view at for the odd numbering sequence of the Rebecca Hossack's Gallery, 35 Windmill Journal, and during my term as editor, I Street, London, W.l. in April, 1990).

12 INTERNATIONAL MAP COLLECTORS' SOCIETY 1990 ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM at the Imperial War Museum, London on Saturday, 16th June, 1990 From Bonnie Prince Charlie to WWII

THE IMPERIAL War Museum illustrates and records all aspects of the two world wars and other military operations involving Britain and the Commonwealth since 1914. The Museum, which was founded in 1917, was established by Act of Parlia­ ment in 1920, and has been in its present home (formerly the Bethlam Royal Hospi­ tal) since 1936. Recent innovations are the 'Blitz-experience', a whole street scene rebuilt to look exactly as it would have during the Blitz complete with burnt-out buildings and the sounds and smells of a raid, and greatly expanded gallery space to display aircraft, guns and even ration books.

10.00 Registration. 10.20 Welcome: Oswald Dreyer-Eimbcke, Guest Chairman. Introduction: John Goss, Symposium Chairman. 10.30 From Dettingen to Hastenbeck: Cumberland's operational mapping, 1743- 1757. Yolande Hodson The first map known to have been commissioned by Cumberland was of the Battle of Dettingen in 1743 - the last battle to have been led by a British monarch. Cumberland's final conflict ended in ignominious defeat at Hastenbeck in 1757. In between, his only victory as a military commander was at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Throughout these fourteen years, Cumberland caused a comprehensive cartographic coverage to be kept of his operations, and some of these maps will be examined in this presentation. 11.15 Coffee. 11 .35 The American War of Independence. Helen Wallis Maps played an important role in the prosecution of the American War of In­ dependence, 1775-1783, both influencing the strategy of warfare and helping to keep the British and American publics informed of progress. Many rna ps were presented to King George III, and are now preserved in the King's To­ pographical Collection, now in the British Library. The paper will illustrate the course of the war through maps taken from this and other collections, and concluding with the 'Red Lined Map' on which the boundaries of the new republic were drawn for the Peace signed in Paris in 1783.

13 12.20 Cartographic curiosity and intrigue: the story of MI9's escape and evasion maps, 1939-45. Barbara Bond The paper will relate how MI9's philosophy of 'escape-mindedness' was epit­ omised by the massive production of silk maps for escape and evasion pur­ poses during World War II. The variety of maps produced will be described and illustrated, as will the characteristics which allow the present-day map collector to identify them. 1.00 Light buffet lunch in the gallery beside the lecture hall. 2.00 The cartographic holdings of the Imperial War Museum. Colin Bruce In essence, this is a collection of maps produced by and for the British armed services in the century of Total War. In the early days, the narrow confines of its collection policy limited the scope of coverage, but this was more than made up by large deposits during and after the Second World War. The last two decades have seen a sharp rise in the demand for its services, a reflection of the growing respect for the map, not only as an art form in its own right, but also as a uniquely useful historical tool. 2.30 Close of Symposium. Members are invited to visit the map gallery, and other galleries of the Muse­ um. Maps are kept in the Department of Printed Books: they were moved there after many years' lodging in the Department of Art. Other departments of interest deal with Documents, Exhibits and Firearms, Film, Photographs and Sound Records. Doors close at 4.30.

Notes on Speakers

BARBARA BOND graduated from the COLIN BRUCE is an Honours graduate University of Leeds with a BA Com­ in History, specialising in warfare and bined Honours Degree in Geography military technology in the 20th century. and History. Her first post was with the Since 1985 he has worked for the De­ MOD Directorate of Military Survey, partment of Printed Books at the Imper­ where her work covered analysis and ial War Museum, where his duties evaluation of source materials in sup­ involve the supervision of the IWM's port of map and air chart production, li­ map holdings. He is currently engaged aison with the Defence Intelligence Staff, in organising and cataloguing parts of map library, international boundary and this long-neglected collection. toponymic research, and terrain analy­ OSWALD DREYER-EIMBCKE is a mer­ sis. From 1985-87 she was the British Li­ chant of Hamburg, and Consul of Chile aison Officer (Survey) on the British and Iceland. He is the founder, Past Pres­ Defence Staff in Washington DC, work­ ident and Chairman of the Freundeskreis ing in HQ Defense Mapping Agency. fiir Cartographica in the Stiftung Preussis­ She was appointed Superintendent of cher Kulturbesitz, Berlin. This society, Marine Services in August, 1987, and founded in 1986, has similar aims as became Director of Hydrographic Charting and Sciences in April, 1990. Continued on page 19

14 Military Mapping

ACCORDING to the formal definition, and during the 18th century, France was military rna pping is a branch of general extremely active in the field of military cartography that deals with the produc­ topography, and became an example for tion and updating of topographical and other countries, too. special maps for military purposes. In England, the 'Tower of London However, in reality, no hard and fast Drawing Room', established in 1717, line can be drawn between these and performed a function similar to that of political and territorial maps. the engineer-geographers in France. The influence of the military on the In Austria, cartographic duties were development of geography and carto­ assigned to the officers of the general graphy stretches right back to antiquity. quartermaster staff in the middle of the The road maps which were designed to 18th century. One of the most important facilitate troop movements throughout cartographic institutions of the later the Roman Empire are an example. 19th and early 20th century was the From the 16th century onwards, the Military Geographic Institute (Militiir­ role of the military becomes apparent, geographisches Institut) in Vienna. As perhaps because large amounts of rele­ early as 1717, Prince Eugene had vant papers have been passed down to already managed to establish a Military us since then. At the same time, general Engineering Academy (Militiir­ staff became more interested in carto­ Ingenieurakademie) in the capital. The graphy because of the advances in siege rna ps that were made at around that techniques and artillery. Almost certain­ time lasted for some 100 years. ly, the very first plans of fortified places Until the middle of the 18th century, and fortifications were made in Italy. the Prussian kings had to resort to for­ Handwritten documents and secret eign products; French maps in particu­ local plans occasionally came into the lar were held in high esteem. But later hands of civil publishers. This applies, the military in Germany greatly pro­ for example, to works of G. Braun and moted the development of cartography. F. Hogenberg and Blaeu. To remedy the lack of 'domestic' Maps portraying areas of varying maps and also to keep away 'foreign' size were also prepared by military en­ competitors (in particular, the Nurem­ gineers with a view to facilitating the berg products), the Royal Prussian conduct of war. These maps mainly Academy of Sciences (Kon igliche covered regions which were threatened Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften) by the enemy (e.g., the map, made in in Berlin started to publish its own 1756, of the South coast of England, maps. In 1748, Frederick the Great where the English government feared granted it a privilege to do so. an in vas ion) or regions in which tur­ When the creator of the Prussian map moil prevailed (e.g., map of the Scottish collection, Graf Schmettan, once asked if Highlands made by D. Watson and W. he could inspect certain Hanoverian Roy, 1745-1755) or territories which had border maps, his request was rejected, recently been conquered, and which because the maps were only available to one hoped to annex. the government, senior military officers In the second half of the 17th century, and administrators.

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16 After his appointment as commander tion. Governments strove to ensure that of the Continental Army, Washington knowledge of the geography of their wrote to Congress: 'The want of accur­ countries did not fall into the hands of ate Maps of the Country, which has neighbouring states. However, the re­ hitherto been the Scene of War, has been quirements of secrecy were relaxed a great disadvantage to me. I have in somewhat during the 18th century. vain endeavoured to procure them, and As a result of the central position of have been obliged to make shift, with Prussia in Europe, the Prussian kings .such sketches as I could trace out from placed great emphasis on not publishing my own Observations and that of accurate maps, in order to preserve the Gentlemen around me.' military ad vantages arising from their Washington was well a ware of the potential opponents' lack of knowledge importance of accurate maps in warfare. of the exact contours and condition of The Americans, however, had none, their territories. Undoubtedly, from the since all the maps that England had very beginning of his reign, Frederick made of its British possessions were in the Great over-estimated the value of London. The Americans had to make do accurate maps for military purposes. with published, often small-scale maps, In Prussia, the maps were kept in the if they happened to be available. This royal chamber of maps in Potsdam Cas­ lack of maps was to remain one of the tle. It is said that the rooms were directly main problems of the Americans during over the residence of the king, Frederick the entire war. Washington was particu­ the Great, so that he could hear any sus­ larly well qualified to assess the situa­ picious noises. Nobody could inspect or tion, since he himself had been trained, use the maps without the direct instruc­ and had worked, as a surveyor. tions of the king. Frederick the Great He was able to build a small team of even prohibited the Homansche Offizin in military cartographers along the lines of Nuremberg from selling maps of Silesia the French, and especially Prussians, after the commencement of the first whose military organisation he held in Silesian War. The ban was only lifted in high regard. Later, as President, Wash­ 1750, and then on condition that the ington retained his interest in maps -as maps should not be updated. his library and the map of his estate at However, secrecy did not bring any Mount Vernon show. It can be certainly great benefits. In the Seven Years War, considered characteristic that, in the imperial and Russian troops were able well-known picture portraying Wash­ to campaign unhindered through the ington in the circle of his family, a globe March of Brandenburg, and Prussian and unfolded rna p were added as armies were also successful abroad even attributes. without maps. The position can be Generally, armies prepared for war by likened to patent law: natural laws and reconnaissance, campaigns and making phenomena cannot be patented - for maps, in order to learn about the road good reasons. conditions, possibilities of approach and The publication of rna ps did not - suitable battlegrounds. This helped pro­ even in times of peace - render spying mote cartography. On the other hand, superfluous. Every state had to keep it­ military maps were often treated as if self up to date, in order to have detailed they were state secrets, which for a long cartographic material, in case a conflict time prevented their public dissernina- should break out.

17 ~- l ' (;.W. ~kJfl<'i· ;'Lt'llll

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Theatre of war of the German and French frontier between the Rhine and Mosel by Peter Dewarat (from Heinz Musall: Oberrhein und Rheingrenze ... und ihre Darstellung in zeitgenossischen karten).

18 In 1938 and 1939, German official lished by official Soviet agencies clearly agencies printed rna ps of the United contained deliberately incorrect co-ordi­ Kingdom showing all the details nates and distances. In the United required for a possible invasion. Even States, too, secrecy in respect of research today, in the Federal Republic of results seems to be growing. Scientists Germany, the Bundeswehr (Federal have called for the mapping of under­ Army) is involved in the approval pro­ water territories acquired by the estab­ ceedings of the mapping authorities and lishment of the 200-mile zone. aerial photography departments. If the results of the surveys planned In 1986, the Koblenz forestry man­ by the National Oceanic and Atmos­ agement circulated an aerial map which pheric Administration were to be kept had been officially falsified. Instead of secret, this would lead to a contradict­ showing an American air force base, the ory situation. President Reagan had pro­ picture showed a phantom community mised that the United States would with lots of woodland and meadows. reserve exploitation of the 200-mile zone With a few snips of the scissors, the to itself, but that there would be no limi­ American residential area had been tations on scientific work in the area. 'removed on security grounds in Thus, the Soviets could survey the accordance with Federal regulations'. coastal waters themselves, while the In 1983, Estonians who had fled from American coastal maps were not to be Murmansk to the Finnish town of I valo utade available even to interested reported that even the latest Soviet Americans. maps were not accurate. The maps pub- 0. DREYER-EIMBCKE

Notes on Speakers Continued from page 14 Cumberland's collection of military maps at Windsor Castle. Hon. Secretary IMCoS: promotion of public knowledge of the Charles Close Society for the of maps and their history, preservation Study of Ordnance Survey Maps. of cartographic material, aid to the Dr HELEN WALLIS, OBE, FSA, MA, cartographic department of the Staats­ DPhil COxon), Hon DLitt, Hon FLA, bibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz in en­ FRGS, retired as Map Librarian of the larging the collections, and advice to British Library (1973-86), previously private collectors. Superintendent of the Map Room of the JOHN GOSS has a degree in Geography British Museum (1967-73). President of from Leicester University, and has spent IMCoS, Chairman of the Standing Com­ his working life to date with maps, as a mission for the History of Cartography librarian, a cataloguer, and in the map of the International Cartographic Assoc­ trade. He is currently Consultant for iation, Chairman of the Society for Antiquarian Maps and Travel Books Nautical Research. Past President of the with Sotheby's, London. British Cartographic Society. Author of YOLANDE HODSON. Formerly Senior the Roxburghe Club Edition of the Bake Research Assistant at the Map Library, of Idrography of Jean Rotz, 1981, and British Library. Contributor to A History numerous other works and papers on of the Ordnance Survey and author of the history of globe-making and the use several papers on British military map­ of globes in Great Britain. ping. Currently cataloguing the Duke of

19 The Municipal Library at Piraeus

THE MUNICIPAL Library of Piraeus Maps are closely related to history: (MLP), the creation of which had been a they depict historical events, but are constant demand of its population since also producers of history themselves. 1835, was founded in 1927. The services The maps of the MLP portray the con­ of the MLP were installed in the south tinuous changes of the Greek border in side of the Municipal Theatre's building, the 19th century, as is the case of a one of the greatest public buildings in group of seven with the title The Greek­ Piraeus since it was constructed in 1895, Turkish Border Line of 1881. when a small part of it was transferred These maps are preserved in a into the them newly-built Town Hall. leather case without any other indica­ The larger part of the Library, which tion. They most probably are maps for remained in the premises of the Munici­ the use of the army. The fact that these pal Theatre, contains an important col­ particular maps are without other infor­ lection of nearly 600 maps. We first mation poses difficulties in their study, believed that this collection had been and we cannot believe that it is acciden­ gathered from spontaneous donations tal. We are inclined to think that this by the citizens, but later on we found had to do with security measures. that it was the Municipality itself, Another group of seven maps made through the curator of the Library, by Istituto Geografico d' Agostini-Roma which was interested in buying the are printed in French. They concern maps. From December, 1950, until Oct­ European Turkey, and were probably ober, 1951, the Municipality bought made before the Treaty of Bucharest about 250 maps. (1913). They show the districts (the Some others were sent to the Library well-known 'vilayets') of Salonique, from several official services or State Monastir, loannina and Serres. An inter­ departments, as in the case of the maps esting feature of these maps is that they provided by the Ministry of Housing record the exact locations of orthodox and Reconstruction, together with the schools and churches. The idea of indi­ issues of the official gazette. cating the exact areas of churches and schools seems to have been a general Description of the Map Collection phenomenon during the first two The maps of the MLP are relatively new, decades of the 20th century that was with the exception of two made by dictated by the State. This shows the Johan Baptiste Homann around 1730 efforts of the Greek state to promote (one, Achaia [Vetus et Nova], shows the national propaganda against Turkey, area of Attiki and the other, Insula Creta and it is linked to the process of the cre­ hodie Candia ... shows the island of ation of national states in Europe at that Crete).The rest of the maps are of the time. 19th and 20th centuries. Most of them In 1912, a Greek general called Notis were printed, with many lithographed Botzaris took the initiative to make a issues, the value of which we are not map of the orthodox schools and able to confirm. The historiography of churches of Asia Minor and to include maps or utilisation of maps as a histori­ statistic tables. The map was finally cal source is of recent origin in Greece. published in 1919 by the services of the

20 Ministry of Agriculture. Some of these maps were to be used Only a year later, because of the both by the Army and the Air Force, events in Asia Minor, the London com­ and they show where airports existed pany Esperia published a map with the and areas where new airports could be title Map of Magna Graecia, which was constructed. Two or three of these maps subtitled 'How Venizelos founded show an overall view of national roads, Greece in 1910 and how he enlarged her railway lines and ports. in 1912-13 and 1920, with the heroism of the Greek army and patriotism of the Maps of the Ministry of Housing and Greeks'. Reconstruction It is also worth mentioning the map The cartographic portrait of Greece dur­ of B. Papachrysanthou, which was pub­ ing the middle of the 20th century is lished in 1913 by I. Sideris with the title supplemented by 15 maps of the Min­ Modern Map of the Greek Peninsula. istry of Housing and Reconstruction. What is peculiar about this map is These are regional and urban plans, the fact that European Turkey, Bulgaria, which refer mainly to Athens for the Romania, Albania and Yugoslavia seem period between 1948 and 1956, when to be part of the Greek Peninsula. On the reconstruction around the Greek the other hand, the acquisition of Mace­ capital began. donia by Greece inspired the Ministry There are also several other rna ps of of the Interior to publish a map of the the 19th and 20th centuries. Some of Greek part of Macedonia with the Greek them were published by Helias names in place of Turkish for all Oikonomopoulos, by Anestis Konstan­ villages. tinidis, or by the well-known publisher One of the major units of the MLP's of school-books, D. Dimitrakos. collection of maps is that of the Geo­ There exist also ecclesiastic, political graphical Service of the army. It in­ and geophysical maps printed in cludes 130 maps of the Greek territory Greece, Italy, France, Germany and even made between 1908 and 1927. Most of Istanbul, like one rna p of 1934. The them concern the Athens area. Five cartographic interest of the MLP collec­ were made by students of the Army tion is not confined to Greece only, but Academy between 1901 and 1905. Only extends to all Europe and even South one is of Piraeus, a street plan, also America (Dufour map, Paris 1854). made by students of the Army Acad­ The most important section of the emy. We can also find another 40 maps MLP is a series of 10 urban plans of of Asi~ Minor and Turkey, which have Piraeus. These maps cover a whole cen­ many similarities to the ones made by tury, from 1852 to 1966, and their com­ the Geographical Service of the army. mon characteristic is that they include lists of the names of the streets, munici­ British Army Maps pal buildings, banks and factories situ­ The British Army maps (about 160-170) ated in Piraeus. Through this group of were all made between April, 1942 and maps, we are able to see the evolution October, 1943. Half of them are mainly of the city of Piraeus from the 19th cen­ of Greece and the other half are of Eu­ tury onwards. Moreover, they provide rope. Most of them are marked 'Provi­ us with a good picture of the city where sional edition' or 'Confidential' or 'Not Greek industry was born. to be published'. L. BAFOUNI

21 .. WM .·.·-·.: ·· ---::~· (' "( • lr · ~~ . f.Hifj: r·a!" ?. .. .E! !!!!E m·qi!W-1

.HEBRIDES INSULAE tJ qwc e t t-~~udes Beda Mev~ias voeat. ··.

l: '.Ar 1s'lt~~ r ~~<>«.... «-<~ 'PSf~ ..... An early (1627) map of the Hebrides , from 'The Hebrides Surveyed' at the National Library of Scotland.

The Hebrides Surveyed

Map and chart enthusiasts- not to men­ of photographs - from stunning aerial tion anyone attracted by the lure of the shots to historic pictures - help to cap­ Hebrides - will be delighted to learn of ture the atmosphere of the islands, a major exhibition opening in the while surveying instruments and map­ National Library of Scotland, Edin­ making a tools shed light on the men burgh, on 1st August, 1990. Entitled who first - literally - put the Hebrides The Hebrides Surveyed, the exhibition on the map. On sale to accompany the explores the mapping and charting of exhibition will be a study of the map­ the Hebridean island, from the earliest ping of the Western Isles entitled Togair m a ps based on Ptolemy to modern Tir: Marking Time, edited by Finlay satellite images. The exhibition is MacLeod. derived from the highly-acclaimed The National Library of Scotland is at Togail Tir exhibition first shown in the George IV Bridge, Edinburgh, EH1 Western Isles in 1989, but takes advan­ 1 EW, and the exhibition is open from tage of the additional facilities and 1st August to 31st October, 1990. security of the Edinburgh venue to dis­ Admission is free, and the times of play a more extensive range of rare and opening are 0930-1700 daily, including intriguing maps and charts. Saturday. Sunday 1400-1700. In addition, completely new displays

22 Aberyst"Wyth, March, 1990

THE NATIONAL Library of Wales, phasis on Saxton's proof map of Wales, with its commanding views overlook­ purchased for the University of Wales ing Aberystwyth, was the impressive after much detailed examination and setting for the IMCoS Seminar on Satur­ expert advice. Much of the work of the day, 31st March. It was a beautifully mapping of Wales was attributed to warm morning as some 36 or so partici­ Humphrey Llwyd, one of the earliest of pants and members arrived from many British cartographers, who left a wealth parts of the U.K. to a welcoming cup of of information to be used by future coffee. rna p-makers, on his death in 1568. Dr Brynley F. Roberts, Librarian Wales became an entity in its own right since 1985, welcomed us all and gave a (Cambria) by a Parliamentary Act in the resume of the Library, a natural place in 1550s. Wales for rna p collectors and users to There then followed an informal tour congregate. The Library was built in of the Print and Map Room, guided by 1907 and opened in 1911; a relatively Dr Owen, Robert Davies and Gwilym young Library housing some three mil­ Tawy, where we were able to examine lion books and a major map repository at length an absolute wealth of maps of material from the 16th to the 20th which had been specially laid out for century, to include atlases, sheet maps, us: Saxton and Speed atlases, in pristine Ordnance Surveys, tithe maps and sea condition, maps of railways and geol­ charts. ogy, navigational charts and road maps; Dr D. Huw Owen then spoke on the all for close examination. early maps of Wales, with special em- Robert Davies, Assistant Keeper,

:~:-. ·.

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••••·.<•.it···I··•r······• ·<< :t?E>•I'·:··•·>•;•·L·•·······,.·.·>·•···. ..-. ······-N··+, ~:--.1/r( A rare serious moment during Robert Davies' amusing account of Merfyn Pritchard's collection. On his right is Gwilym Tawy.

23 Department of Pictures and Maps, range of charts, from the 16th to the opened the afternoon session with an 20th century, some of which were dis­ introduction to the Merfyn Pritchard played. collection of atlases and charts. Merfyn There followed a lively 'comments Pritchard was born in Beaumaris in and questions' session with the Nation­ 1886, and died in 1948, and with the al Library personnel, Dr Owen, Robert onset of World War II, he offered to sell Davies and Gwilym Tawy, during after­ his collection to the Library. Robert gave noon tea, and the day concluded with a an illuminating and often witty account final perusal of maps, notably those of of the negotiations which took place for Merfyn Pritchard and Olwen Caradoc the purchase of the collection, and even­ Evans. tually, 66 atlases and charts, the largest We are indebted to the National Lib­ single collection in the National Library rary of Wales principals for all the work of Wales, arrived in July, 1940, pur­ undertaken to make it a most enjoyable chased for £210. and enlightening seminar; to Alan Gwilym Tawy continued with a talk Hulme for his excellent organisation of on Olwen Caradoc Evans, a principal this event; and finally to the catering authority on maps of Wales, and her staff for an excellent lunch and other collection of Welsh sea charts deposited refreshments throughout the day. at the Library. He covered a varied ROY HAVILAND

lOth INTERNATIONAL ANTIQUE MAP FAIR & EXHIBITION IM@ S At the New Connaught Rooms, Great Queen Street [off Kingsway], London WC2. 1.:;·;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;~~~~-~------=S-=un=d=a~y~JuneI I 17th 1990. Open 10.30am- 5.30prn. 1 1 1 ?7 11 ,. 1 1 25 1 ,u j dJ D 1 I II 3 j - Ro1 0 ~ 14 22 D Bo B - 8o B I

30 D

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ENTRANCE [J - D 17 18

Please note that this plan is L----'1 1'----' diagramatic, does not show all details and is not drawn to scale 24 D LIFT ALPHABETICAL LIST OF EXHIBITORS, 1990

Name & Stand No. Address & Telephone No. Speciality

Alfieri 30 Spey Lodge, Antique Maps, Charts, Plans and Newick Lane, Mayfield, Views of Europe 1500-1900. Stock East Sussex, offered through 'Antique Atlas' TN20 6RQ Gallery, East Grinstead, Tel: (0435) 872589 Bennington Hotel Map Fairs and Catalogue.

Richard B. Arkway 5 538 Madison Avenue, Maps, Atlases, Star Charts, New York, Globes. Especially interested 10022 NY in buying any of the above. U.S.A. Tel: (212) 751 8135

David Bannister 10 26 Kings Road, Rare and early Maps of all Cheltenham, Glos. parts of the World. GL52 6BG Tel: (0242) 514287

Clive A. Burden 11 46 Talbot Road, Antique Maps, Topographical Rickmansworth, Prints, Decorative and Natural Herts, WD3 1 HE History Prints and Vanity Fair. Tel: (0923) 772387

JoAnn and Richard 3 4 Dodge Lane, Antique Maps, Atlases 1475-1750, Casten Ltd. Old Field, Particularly America, World, NY 11733 Holy Land. Tel: (516) 689 3018

Christoph & Co. 29 Christoph & Co. GmbH, Illustrated Books, Maps and Goethestr. 15, Prints. D-5300 Bonn 1, Tel: (0228) 210973

Graeme Clipstone 31 51 Medway Court Antique Maps, Prints, Books, Judd Street, Paintings, Documents and London, WC1H 9QZ Photographs relating to Tel: (071) 387 7282 Australia.

Michael and 34 139 Norwich Road, Maps and Prints of all parts Verna Cox Wymondham, of the World. Mainly 18th Norfolk NR18 OSJ Century. Tel: (0953) 605948

I van Deverall 19 Duval House, The Glen, Antique Maps and Professional Cambridge Way, Colourist. Uckfield, Sussex. Tel: (0825) 762474

25 Name & Stand No. Address & Telephone No. Speciality

Ann Downes 28 Oldfield, Specialising in Maps, Charts, 34 Northam Road, Prints of the British Isles. Southampton, S02 OPA Decorative Prints, Early Tel: (0703) 638916 Ordnance Maps and Ephemera. Cleaning, Colouring, Mounting, and Framing Service.

Mrs P Fenteman D The Old Hall Press, Burton Salmon, Leeds LS25 5JS

Susanna Fisher 6 Spencer, Navigational Charts of all Upham, parts of the World. Regular Southampton S03 1JD catalogues. Tel: (048) 96291

Tony Foster 25 Leycester Map Galleries Antique Maps of the British Ltd., Well House, Isles and most parts of the Arnesby, Leicester, World. LE8 3WJ Tel: (0533) 478 462

J.A.L. Franks Ltd. 1 7 New Oxford Street, Antique Maps of most areas London, WC1A 1 BA and types from 16th-19th Tel: (071) 405 0274 Centuries.

Garwood & Voigt 2 15 Devonshire Maps, Topographical Prints, Buildings, Bath, Travel Books. Avon BA2 4SP Tel: (0225) 424074

Mrs D.M. Green 17 7 Tower Grove, Wide range of British County Weybridge, Maps and Town Plans. Searches Surrey KT13 9LX for Collectors' special require- Tel: (0932) 241105 ments. Postal or by appointment.

Imago Mundi E The International Society for the History of Cartography, c/o King's College London, The Strand, London WC2R 2LS

InterCol London 36 1a Camden Walk, Specialist in British County Yasha Beresiner Islington, Maps, World Maps and Playing- London N1 8DY Card Maps and related Tel: (071) 354 2599 ephemera.

26 Name & Stand No. Address & Telephone No. Speciality

Warwick Leadlay 14 5 Nelson Road, Antiquarian Maps and Prints Gallery Greenwich, Worldwide, 17th-19th Century. London SElO 9JB S.E.London and N .W.Kent Tel: (081) 858 0317 material. All aspects of conservation. Mounting and Bespoke Framing.

Map Collector 27 48 High Street, MCP publishes The Map Collector Publications Ltd. Tring, Herts and books on the history of HP235BH Cartography. Our latest titles Tel: (044) 282 4977 are The Pont Manuscript, Maps of Scotland and Glimpses of History.

The Map House 23 54 Beauchamp Place, Antiquarian Maps of Britain London, SW3 1NY and all parts of the World. Tel: (071) 589 4325/9821 Globes, Atlases and engravings.

Martayan Lan 15 10 W. 66th Street, Maps of the World and the NY 10023, USA. Americas. Tel: (212) 595 1776

FA. Loose 32 Papestr. 3, Medium size stock of maps of NL 2513 Av Den Haag, all parts of the world, medium Holland. price range atlases, map Tel: (31 70) 460404 curiosities.

Brendan M. Moss 33 5637 Wallace Street, Maps and prints of the Pacific Vancouver, B.C., North West, Canada, also Ireland Canada V6N 2A1 and American North West Coast. Tel: (604) 261 7108 (Eve.); 662 8171 (Day)

A. Nicholas 16 57 Fallowcourt Avenue, Antiquarian Books, Maps, Prints, London N12 OBE etc. Especially Mediterranean Tel: (081) 445 9835 Countries. Emphasis on Greece, Turkey, Cyprus and Malta.

Avril Noble 7 2 Southampton Street, Extensive stock of Antiquarian Strand, London Maps and Prints of the British WC2E 7HA Isles and all parts of the Tel: (071) 240 1970 World.

Paul Orssich 26 117 Munster Road, Maps of all parts of the World. Fulham, London Specialist book-dealer on Spain SW6 6DH and Hispanic Studies. Art Deco Tel: (071) 736 3869 Illustrations, 1915-1935.

Posta print 4 Taidswood, Iver Heath, Antiquarian Maps and Prints Bucks SIO OPQ c.1550-c.1890. Tel: (0895) 833720

27 Name & Stand No. Address & Telephone No. Speciality

Jonathan Potter 22 21 Grosvenor Street, Very large stock of fine decorative London W1X 9FE and rare original maps, some Tel: (071) 491 3520 atlases, History of Cartography reference Books.

Gotz-R. Schmidt 24 An tiquaria t, Maps, Atlases, Prints, Colour Wernstr. 16, Plate Books. 2800 Bremen 33, West Germany. Tel: (0421) 256242

Thomas Suarez 35 RD2 Box 297 Antique and rare maps. Rare Maps Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA Tel: (914) 248 6650

Paulus Swaen 8/9 Hofstraat 19, Fine and Rare Maps, Prints and Old Maps & Prints, 5664 HS Geldrop, Atlases of all parts of the Netherlands. World. Tel: (40) 853571

Michael J. Sweet 20 Antiques of the Specialist Dealer in Maps and Orient PTE, Ltd., Prints of S.E.Asia in general; 21 Cuscaden Road, Singapore, Malaysia and 01-02 Ming Arcade, Indonesia in particular. Singapore 1024 Tel: 7330830

Tooley Adams 13 13 Cecil Court, Large stocks of Antiquarian & Co., Ltd. London, WC2N 4HE maps of all parts of the world. Tel: (071) 240 4406 Rare Maps, Collections, Town Views and Reference Books.

Waterloo Fine 12 Raffles, Specialising in West Indies, Arts Ltd. Bath Road, Americas, Pacific and British Wool hampton, Colonies. Reading RG7 5RE Tel: (0734) 713745

Leonora Weaver 21 Brobury House, Hand colouring of maps and prints. Brobury, Hereford. Tel: (0432) 267816

Edna Whiteson Ltd. 24 66 Belmont Avenue, Large stock of Maps and Prints Cockfosters, covering all categories, from Herts EN4 9LA 1600s to mid-1800s. Sats. only: Tel : (081) 449 8860 157 Portobello Road Dolphin Arcade, London, W.2.

28 International New-s and Events Washington Symposium: Mapping America Library of Congress invited to contact Lawrence H. Slaugh­ 1st-4th October, 1990 ter, Secretary, Me rca tor Society, 71 Willow Avenue, Larchmont, NY 10538 The registration forms for the joint in advance. He has kindly offered to IMCoS-Washington Map Society meet­ make arrangements for members' indi­ ing were sent out with the Winter issue vidual interests. of this Journal. If more registration To reserve your place if you plan to forms are required, please contact either continue to New York, please inform the IMCoS Secretary or the Washington Alice Hudson, Chiet Map Division, the Map Society, c/o Jeanne Young, Regis­ New York Public Library, Fifth Avenue trar, 710 Lowander Lane, Silver Spring, and 42nd Street, New York, NY 10018, MD 20901, USA. Tel: (212) 930 0587, so that numbers can The Mercator Society and the New be approximated in advance. York Map Society are planning a post­ An alternative programme has been Symposium programme in New York arranged at the historic town of on 5th and 6th October. It includes are­ Williamsburg, an hour's drive from ception at the New York Public Library, Washington. There will be receiptions presentations on New York map dealers on 5th and 6th October, and guided and map collections in the New York tours around the town. Those seeking area. visits to the Map Division of the further information or wishing to re­ New York Public Library and to other serve their place, should contact Dr collections such as those at Yale, Brown Helen Wallis OBE, 96 Lord's View, St University, the New York Historical John's Wood Road, London NW8 7HG. Society, as well as visits to antiquarian Members travelling from, or through map dealers. London should write direct to our Members with specific interests, agents: The Streatham Travel Centre, 12 whether to view, research or collect, are De Montfort Parade, Streatham High

The flight would be with Pan Am, details as follows: Outbound Flight Date: 30.9.90 Time of Departure: 14.15. Depart from: HEATHROW. Flight: PA 107 Time of Arrival: 17.30 Arrive: WASHINGTON Inbound Flight Date: 7.10.90*[1] Time of Departure: 07.00. Depart from: *[2] Flight: PA 100 Time of Arrival: 08.12 Arrive: HEATHROW Hotels In Washington or New York, hotel accommodation cost would be £25 per person per night, at say, the Ramada Hotel (Central). Downton is cheaper@ £20.00. *[1] This date can be extended out up to 21 days, but minimum 7 days. *[2] Departure point can be New York or Washington at the same fare. NOTE: The fare quoted is current as of 20.4.90. However, fare increases may be incurred 1st May, 1990. Also the fare will be .higher for a shorter duration than 7 days and cheaper (£345 + £16) for travel out on 1st October, 1990.

29 SPAIN Maps., Prints., Documents.~~~~ ~ FRAmE General Pardiiias,69 Telephone:(91)4113362 :\1 ad rid- 28006

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30 Road, London SW16 lBU, Tel: (081) 677 Friday, 15th November Arrive morning, 5333, Fax: (081) 644 6031. rest. The current travel arrangements are Saturday, 16th November Evening reception. given below. The may change, depend­ Sunday, 17th and ing on the response from members or Monday, 18th November Symposium. international rates, or unforeseen cir­ Tuesday, 19th November Australian Map cumstances, so keep in touch directly Circle Meeting. with Strea tham Travel, and let them Wednesday, 20th November Free day. know now if you wish to travel. Thursday, 21st November Depart for Fare quote for a minimum stay of 7 London, or days is £405.00 + £16.00 tax. extend stay. Planes from Washington National Singapore: Airport to New York's La Guardia air­ Rediscovering the Isles of Spice port leave every hour on the hour (the Papers at the Singapore Symposium Trump Shuttle) and on the half-hour will cover maps of a wide area: Dr (the Pan Am Shuttle) from 7.00 a.m. to Dawn Rooney on Thailand, Alan 9.30 p.m.; the flight takes about an hour. Bartlett on Sri Lanka, Geoff Edwards on The fare is $119 except $69 on Saturday Indonesia, Susan Gole on India, Michael and until 2.30 p.m. on Sunday. For Sweet on Singapore and the East Indies senior citizens (over 65) the fare is $49 in general, and possibly Chris Barber­ from 10.00 a.m. to 2.30 p.m. on Sunday. Lomax on the Philippines. Proof of age is required (e.g. passport, driver's licence). There is a bus from La Sydney: Unfolding Australia Guardia Airport to downtown New York; the fare is $7.50. The bus goes to The theme of the Sydney meeting will Grand Central Station at 42nd Street be the exploration of Australia, with and Park Avenue; that is within easy sessions concentrating on those events walking distance from the New York peculiar to the cartography of Australia, Public Library at 42nd Street and Fifth such as the mapping of a vast and hos­ Avenue (two blocks due west). tile inland, and the maritime survey of a Return transportation from New long and dangerous coastline; the com­ York to Washington is the exact reverse, pletion of the latter within the time including the bus. There is an abun­ frame of the printed map and the inland dance of hotels in New York; none is mapping of the continent almost entirely reasonable, but not all are outrageous. within the limits of the 19th century ensures Australia a special place in the Singapore and Australia history of cartography. Symposium, 1991 Presentations related to this theme will be at morning sessions, with visits Dates for this joint Symposium are as follows: to key map collections during the after­ Friday, 8th November Depart London. noons. Contacts: Singapore: Michael Saturday, 9th and Sweet, 21 Cuscaden Road, 01-02 Ming Sunday, lOth November Arrival and rest. Monday, 11th and Parade, Singapore 1024, Tel: 734 9351, Tuesday, 12th November Symposium. Fax: Singapore 732 86452. Sydney: Prof. Wednesday, 13th November Free day. Robert Clancy, 99 Carrington Parade, Thursday, 14th November Depart evening New Lampton, NSW 2305, Australia, for Sydney. Tel: (049) 527348, Fax: (049) 291413.

31 FAX: 40~85407 5 ' Saxton's Proof-Map of Wales c.1580 and the Early Printed Maps of Walesl

FOUR individuals may be identified as The Union legislation also authorised having made a significant contribution the parliamentary representation of to the history of cartography in Wales. Wales. Humphrey Llwyd was a native Two were Welshmen: Humphrey Llwyd of Denbigh, one of the major towns in and George Owen: whilst Christopher sixteenth-century Wales, and his back­ Saxton and John Speed were English­ ground probably explains the improved men. Their activities must be considered delineation of the coast and rivers of against the background of contempor­ north Wales in his map of Wales, ary events, trends and attitudes in Cambriae Typus.2 He represented the Wales, England and Europe, and an borough of Denbigh at Westminster in assessment of their achievements 1563 and supported the campaign should take account of the main which led to the Act, of this year, com­ influences upon their work. manding five bishops to ensure the When considering this subject, it is translation into the Welsh language of important to emphasise that the concept the Bible and the Book of Common of Wales in the sixteenth-century as a Prayer. 3 separate country, and as a separate An increased interest in vernacular national identity was both well estab­ languages and respect for tradition was lished and of recent origin. The intro­ a feature of the Age of the Renaissance duction of the words 'Welsh' and and of the New Learning. Humphrey 'Cymry' in the post-Roman period, and Ll wyd has been described as 'one of the the building of Offa's Dyke, in the late most important of Welsh humanists and -eighth-century, signified the separation a key figure in the history of the Renais­ of the inhabitants of Wales from those of sance in Wales' .4 other areas previously forming British George Owen of Henllys, in Pem­ kingdoms. brokeshire, was in close contact with his The Norman invasions of the late fellow-scholars, antiquaries and geneal­ eleventh-century, and the Edwardian ogists in England. He purchased a set of Conquest of the late thirteenth-century, maps prepared by Christopher Saxton, resulted in the existence of a variegated correct some features and in 1602 pro­ and disparate system of government in duced a handsome map of Pembroke­ the Later Middle Ages, comprising shire. This map, showing roads of the marcher lordships, predominantly in county, and also the names and bound­ the south and east, and territories aries of hundreds, was published in the administered by royal officials in the sixth edition of William Camden's north-west, north-east and south-west. Britannia.s The Acts of Union (1536-43) established The enthusiastic study of antiquity, an uniform political and administrative and respect for tradition were accomp­ framework based upon the thirteen anied by an increasing interest in the shires. These were later represented on New World, as reflected in the enterpris­ the county maps of Christopher Saxton ing journeys of discovery. A connection and John Speed. between these apparently contributory

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35 trends may be seen in the influence of explain the support given by the central Humphrey Llwyd's dissemination of government to Christopher Saxton's historical and geographical facts and topographical survey of England and fantasies upon Dr John Dee, the remark­ Wales, undertaken in the period 1573-8, able London-Welshman. His vision of a and the publication of his atlas in 1579, British empire, in turn, represented one and a wall-map in 1583.9 of the influences upon the military and Christopher Saxton was employed commercial enterprises of the Eliza­ by Thomas Seckford, whose contempo­ bethan era.6 rary as a student at Gray's Inn was The expansion of economic activity William Cecil, the grandson of Dafydd in Europe, and the dominance of Seisyllt, who had left the Welsh-speak­ Antwerp as a commercial centre again ing community of Ergyng, in Hereford­ had significant implications for the his­ shire, for employment in London tory of cartography. Abraham Ortelius, during the reign of Henry VII. William who completed and edited the first Cecil, later Lord Burghley, a dominant modern geographical atlas, Theatricum figure in the court of Queen Elizabeth, Orbis Terrarum (1570), lived and worked gave his full support to Saxton's survey in Antwerp, as also did Sir Richard and he received proof states of the Clough, the merchant who, like various maps produced by Saxton. In Humphrey LLwyd, was a native of 1579, following the completion of his Denbigh. atlas, Saxton received a grant of arms 'in He was probably responsible for respect of the worthiness of the said informing Ortelius of the work of Christopher Saxton who by special Humphrey Llwyd.7 In August 1568, dirrecion & commandment from the shortly before his death, Llwyd wrote to Queenes Majesty hath endeavoured to Ortelius from Denbigh. He referred to make a perfect Geographical discripcion his illness but yet was concerned to of all the severall shires and counties enclose with his letter an incomplete within this realm'. map of Wales and two maps of Eng­ It would seem that the maps were land. Humphrey Llwyd's map of Wales, initially made available as single sheets Cambriae Typus, and his map of of Eng­ and that they were issued as an atlas in land and Wales were incorporated in 1579. The thirteen shires of Wales the Additamentum, a supplement to appeared on seven maps with the shires Orteli us's Theatrunz .. . , published in depicted as single entries, in combina­ 1573.8 tions of two shires, or, in one instance, These international contacts were of four shires with the grouping, for this made at a time when an increasing em­ purpose, of Radnor, Brecknock, Cardi­ phasis was placed on national gan and Carmarthen.1o sovereignty an on the concept of the The wall-map, published in 1583, 'nation state'. This contributed to the was dedicated by Thomas Seckford to support rendered in many countries of Queen Elizabeth and was probably the Europe to the Protestant Reformation. map which was noted in 1592 by a visi­ In Britain there was also a very real fear tor to Lord Burgh ley's house at of an invasion, and the coast of Wales Theobalds in Hertfordshire. This was a was considered to be a particularly vul­ large-scale map of England and Wales, nerable target. Political and also mili­ engraved on to 20 plates to a scale of tary considerations undoubtedly about 7 miles to an inch.11

36 There appears to be a direct relation­ bar and dividers, the county names (in ship between this wall-map and the English) and the title (in Latin), within a map of Wales acquired by the National characteristic cartouche, appear in Library of Wales in 1986.12 On this map manuscript form. is provided the date: 1580: and the The inclusion of the title, explicitly name of the surveyor: Christopher stating that this was a map of Wales: Saxton: and the map is clearly a product 'Cambriae (quae nunc vulgo Wallia of Saxton's topographical survey of nuncupatur) una cum singulis England and Wales (1573-8). The. basic eiusde[m] p[ro]vinciae Comitatibus, et geographical outline of Wales and of the suis undiq[uae] confinibus': suggests neighbouring English shires is presented that Saxton intended to produce a sepa­ There is a considerable improvement rate map of Wales, but that this project on the outline depicted on earlier maps was never completed. The format of the of Wales,including Humphrey Llwyd's rna p also supports this view. The map published by Abraham Ortelius in boundary of Wales and England is 1573 and, for the first time, the correct clearly marked and the relevant sections cartographic representation is provided of neighbouring shires are described as of Anglesey, St Bride's Bay, and the 'Parte of Lancaster shire', 'Parte of Lleyn and Gower Peninsulas. A com­ Cheshire', 'Parte of Devon'. parative study of the 1580 and 1583 The map comprised two double-page rna ps indicates that there were many sheets with portions cut out from anoth­ identical features, but also some er two sheets. Measuring 23" x 20", it significant elements of contrast.B had been lined with one large folio These include the use of lower-case sheet to which was attached a piece of forms (in manuscript) for the names of the same paper measuring 20" x 7". A the shires in the 1580 map and of capital detailed scrutiny of the map at the forms in the 1583 wall-map. Tree sym­ National Library of Wales revealed a bols in the Forest of Dean in Monmouth­ watermark which appeared twice. This shire and Gloucestershire do not appear was identified as a mark which had also in the 1580 map, whilst the names 'Dee been observed in Saxton's Atlas of flu' and 'Sabrina flu', which had been England and Wales (1579) and was listed presented in manuscript form in the as No. 2173, of the 'bunch of grapes' 1580 map, were omitted from the later type, in E. Heawood, Watermarks, map. A strong impression is created Mainly of the 17th and 18th Centuries that the 1580 map may well have been a (Hilversum, 1950).14 proof for the wall-map of 1583 and it is The format and contents of this map also significant, in this respect, that the are being subjected to further examina­ 1580 map contained features presented tion. However, the evidence available at in both engraved and manuscript form. present clearly indicates that this earli­ The distinctive molehills appear both est correct cartographic representation in engraved and manuscript form. of Wales is of critical importance, not Some features, including the geograph­ only to the development of map­ ical outline, county boundaries, town making in Wales, but also to the history symbols and town and river names of cartography. were engraved. On the other hand, the eight sailing vessels, tree symbols, scale- D.HUWOWEN

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38 NOTES 13. Attention was drawn to several aspects 1. This paper was delivered at a one-day of comparison and contrast between the seminar arranged by the International two maps in valuable discussions w ith Map Collectors' Society and the Nation­ Mr Tony Campbell, Map Library, British al Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, held Library and Mr John Goss, and also in at the National Library of Wales on 31st the description of the map in the Soth­ March, 1990. eby's sale-catalogue, 11th July, 1986. 2. F.J. North, The Map of Wales [Before 14. D. Huw Owen and Julian Thomas, 'Sax­ 1600 A . D.] (1935), pp. 50-65; 01 wen ton;s Proof Map of Wales, 1580, Acquis i­ Caradoc Evans, 'Maps of Wales and tion and Conservation', The National Welsh Cartographers', The Map Collec­ Library of Wales Journal, XXV (1987), pp. tors' Circle, (1964), pp. 4-6. 124-9; E. Heawood. Watermarks, Mainly 3. R. Geraint Gruffydd, 'Humphrey Llwyd of the 17th and 18th Centuries (Hilversum, of Denbigh: Some Documents and a 1950). Catalogue', Denbighshire Historical Soc­ iety Transactions, 17. (1968). Early Beginnings 4. Saunders Lewis, 'Damcaniaeth Continued from page 10 Egl wysig Brotestannaidd', Efrydiau Catholog, ii (1947) and in Meistri'r He has founded a Society that creates Canrifoedd, gol. R. Geraint Gruffydd, an environment for the enjoyment of (1973), p . 122. maps and has brought together collec­ 5. B.G. Charles, George Owen of Henllys , tors, academics, authors, institutions, 1974. 6. P.J. French, John Dee, The World of an librarians, map dealers from all parts of Elizabethan Magus, (1972), pp. 188-207; the world. We hope it has added some­ GA. Williams, The Welsh in their History, thing to cartography. (1982), pp. 13- 20. MALCOLM YOUNG 7. Robin Gwyndaf Jones, 'Sir Richard Clough of Denbigh c.1530-1570' Denbs:. Hist. Soc. Trans ., 19 (1970), pp. 24-65, 20 (1971), pp. d57- 101; 22 (1973), pp. 48-86. 8. National Library of Wales MS. 13187, published in Gruffydd, Denbs Hist. Soc. Paul F. Glynn Trans., 17, (1968), p. 101. 9. R.A.Skelton, Saxton's Survey and Map­ IMCoS Rep. for ping of England and Wales (1974); I.M. Evans and H. Lawrence, Christopher CENTRAL AMERICA Saxton, Elizabethan Map-maker (1979); S. Tyacke and]. Huddy, Christopher permanently wants Saxton and Tudor map- making, (1980). 10. The seven maps are listed in the carte­ CENTRAL bibliography and catalogue of the exhi­ AMERICA bition, Mapiau Printiedig Cynnar o Siroedd Cymru/Early Printed County maps, prints and books Maps of Wales , 1579-1626, mounted at the National Library of Wales in 1980. 11. A facsimile copy of the British Library CASA EL CARMEN map has been published in R.A. Skelton, Saxton's Survey of England and Wales 3a A\tl?nicb N<:x'te f'h8 with a facsimile of Saxton 's wall-map of 1583 , (Nico Isra el, Amsterdam, 1974. Anfigua 03001 12. D. Huw Owen, 'Saxton's Proof Map of Guatemala, C.A. Wales', The Map Collector, 38, (1987), pp.24-5.

39 RODERICK M. BARRON The Antique Map Specialist 14 l)e Beauvoir Square, London Nl 4LD Tel and Fax: 071-254 2013 Maps of the Far East and Japan a speciality MATTHAUS SEUTTER c. 1/40 IMPERIUM JAPONICUM

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Portugalliae Monumenta Cartographica graphic studies in this new supplement­ by Armando Cortesao and Avelino Teix­ ary preface of 101 pages to volume VI. eira da Mota, Lisbon, 1960. Re-issued in In the first part of this preface, Dr reduced facsimile format by Irnprensa Marques discusses early nautical devel­ Nacional-Casa Da Moeda, Lisbon, 1987; opments and the existence of a school of edited by Dr Alfredo Pinheiro Marques. Portuguese cartography before and dur­ Six volumes 36 x 26crn (1117 pages; 111 ing the fifteenth century. It has always black-and-white illustrations; 632 black been somewhat of a puzzle that so few and white plates); one portfolio 61.5 x pre-1500 Portuguese charts have sur­ 48crn with 48 full colour plates and 30 vived- in contrast, for instance, to nearly black-and-white large folding plates. 180 charts and maps attributable to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries from ONE OF THE most important and (mainly) Majorcan, Genoan and Vene­ influential studies of this century, the tian sources. Portugalliae Monumenta Cartographica of Nearly all of the large surviving Cortesao and Teixeira da Mota, has been numbers of Portuguese charts come re-issued. The original work, first pub­ from the two centuries following. Dr lished in 1960, consisted of five huge Marques also considers the origin and volumes of text with over 600 magnific­ development of the portolan chart, but, ent large-size plates. Very few individu­ surprisingly, makes no reference either als possess this monumental work, and in his text or footnotes to the very it is not often seen outside of selected detailed study of this topic by Tony libraries and institutions. Campbell in his contribution to the The 1987 re-issue is still very bulky - History of Cartography, edited by Brian six volumes weighing over 50 lb.! - Harley and David Woodward (1985) . It together with a large portfolio of addi­ is possible that Tony Campbell's chapter tional separate plates. But the reduced had not been published when Dr size of the volumes is more manageable, Marques wrote his supplement, but and will allow much wide access to the nevertheless, the extent of his studies specialised scholarship of Cortesao and were widely known throughout the Teixeira da Mota. The new edition has academic fraternity. been editorially overseen with the In the second part of the preface to scholarship of the next generation by Dr volume VI, there are comments on six Alfredo Pinheiro Marques of the new Portuguese charts and maps which University of Coirnbra. have come to light since 1960. One of In his introduction to volume I he these, a portolan of the Mediterranean says that 'Portugalliae Monumenta Carto­ and East Atlantic, is by Jorges de Aguiar. graphica is without a shadow of a doubt Dated 1492, it is one of only four Port­ one of the greatest- if not the greatest­ uguese charts unambiguously attribut­ cultural achievement yet seen in Port­ able to the fifteenth century, and is in the uguese historiography and even in the Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscript international historiography of the collection at Yale. field.' Dr Marques makes a significant The fifth rna p discussed is a single new contribution to Portuguese carto- sheet from a lost four-sheet world map

41 O'SHEA GALLERY Specialist Dealers in 15th to 19th Century Maps; Topographical, Decorative, Natural History, Sporting and Marine Prints; Rare Atlases and Illustrated Books; Framing and Restoration.

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42 by Luis Teixeira published by Cornelis nying portfolio contains 36 large fold­ Claesz, and dating from 1604. This out plates and 48 carefully printed single sheet, showing South America, plates in full colour, taken without was discovered in the Staa tsarchi v reduction from the high-quality colour Museum Nuremberg by the present plates used in the original volumes. reviewer, to whom Dr Marques gives These allow full appreciation of the generous acknowledgement. The map splendid colour and decorative features was described in Entry 248 of my The associated with many of these early Mapping of the World 1472-1700. In 1986 charts. Dr Gunter Schilder - the map-finder A copy of the 1987 Portugalliae extraordinary - located an example of Monumenta Cartographica has been kindly all four sheets in the Bibliotheque presented to the reviewer personally by Nationale. Both examples- the single Dr Marques. It is available at my home, sheet and the full set- bear the imprint should any member of IMCoS wish to of Salomon Savry and mark the Fretum use it for study. Le Maire off the southernmost tip of South America; they thus represent a RODNEY W. SHIRLEY later state, c.1645 of the original Teixeira-Claesz, map. The reduction in volume size of the 1960 original has in no way affected the readability of the text, presented in dual Portuguese and English language UK Regional Meeting at columns. The reproduction of the plates is, however, less satisfactory. The two Windsor earlier authors acknowledged their many difficulties in obtaining high A visit has been arranged to the Royal quality photographs of many early Library and the Chapter Library of St charts. The murky quality of the non­ George's Chapel. Both libraries are colour plates seems to have been com­ housed within the precincts of Windsor pounded by the use of a coarse screen, Castle, and the visits will take place on and an unfortunate decision to print the morning of 3rd November, 1990. with an overall brown/beige tint. Please make a note in your diaries now. These features have been carried The details of the programme will be over in the 1987 edition. The accompa- published in the Autumn Journal.

Return of Maps to Poland

Britain is returning 1 OOkg. of Polish mili­ ers of source information have been tary intelligence maps and survey mate­ stores since the war in archives at the rial, taken from the Germans by British Military Survey Library at Tolworth, soldiers during the Second World War, Surrey. (Reported in The Times, 12th in a gesture of friendship to the new April, 1990). democratic Poland. The maps and fold-

43 WARWICK LEADLAY

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44 Letter to the Editor

Barbie de Bocage and annotations made by Jean-Denis in the course of his own cartographical IN HIS article on Barbie de Bocage in works, but also including a few printed the Spring, 1990 issue of the Journal, maps which are similarly annotated. Yorgos Tolias mentioned that Barbie's The 'star' of the British Library's papers were 'split between the Biblio­ holdings of Barbie du Bocage's material theque Nationale [Paris] and the Gen­ is what is probably a neat autograph nadeios Library'. It may be of interest to manuscript of d' A pres de Mannevil­ IMCoS members to know that the lette' s Neptune Orientale (lot 11 in the British Library also possesses a small, sale, and bought for 5.75 francs), but significant part of his archive. presumably preceding its first publica­ On 2nd May 1884, and on the follow­ tion in 1744. There are also some early ing days, the map collections personally eighteenth-century plans of Montreal. owned by Jean-Denis Barbie du Bocage Several of the maps contain dedications (1760-1825) and his eldest son, Jean­ to Jean-Denis Barbie du Bocage, includ­ Guillaurne, were auctioned off in 1834 ing some accompanying manuscript lots by Delcosse in Paris. Although the maps by Sir Sidney Smith which were Bibliotheque Royale (now Bibiotheque presented during a brief period of Nationale) of Paris was able to secure Anglo-French amity in May, 1802. the bulk of the material amounting to The collection is divided as follows, 2187 rna ps, the agents of the British with smaller maps, bound into vol­ Museum were able to buy several lots, umes, preceding larger rolled maps amounting to about 300 maps in all, at which are numbered alphabetically (e.g. the total cost of £28. Add. MS 15323 c.), all are Additional They were incorporated into the Manuscripts (Add . MSS): 15319 collections of the British Museum as Neptune Orientale; 15320-1 France; Add. MSS 15319-15332, are now avail­ 15322-3 Nether lands; 15324-5 Italy; able under those numbers in the 15326 Albania and Greece; 15327-8 Department of Manuscripts of the Spain; 15329-30 Germany, Scandinavia British Library. Although they were and Russia; 15331-2 Asia, Africa and individually described in the Catalogue America. of the Manuscript Maps, Charts and PETER BARBER Plan ... in the British Museum (1844, Deputy Map Librarian, British Library [1861] 1963), no mention was made of their provenance, though this is stated on their bindings. Classified Advertisements The group mainly consists of maps, Oldfield Antique Maps & Prints. We specialise together with a few related papers, · in British maps 1600-1850. Also early Ordnance personally owned by J ean-Denis Barbie Survey maps. Send for free list of your area. We are also keen buyers. 34 Northam Road , d u Bocage and, in part, inherited by Southampton S02 OPA . Tel: (0703) 638916. him from d' Anville. Most still have Antiquarian Maps and Prints c.1550 to 1890. their lost numbers pencilled on their Write or phone for our latest catalogue . versos. The maps are predominantly Postaprint, Taidswood, lver Heath, Bucks . SLO OPO , U.K. (Phone Denham- (0895) 833720). manuscript, including many tracings

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46 Annual General Meeting, 1990

THE NINTH Annual General Meeting now be an annual informal event. of the Society was held in London at the In March, IMCoS went to Aberyst­ Farmers' Club on Wednesday, 9th May, wyth, where Alan Hulme organised an 1990. The President welcomed all those excellent one-day Symposium at the present, and noted apologies received National Library of Wales. We felt that from Yasha Beresiner, Stuart Jackson we were most welcome by the staff, our and Valerie Scott. The Minutes of the thanks to them as well as Alan for a AGM held on 1Oth May, 1989 were most enjoyable day. approved and signed. IMCoS meetings are to be held out­ The Chairman then read her report, side Europe for the first time, in Nov­ which is summarised here. She said that ember at Washington and New York, the IMCoS calendar grows fuller each and next year at a joint Symposium in year. The Annual Symposium was at Singapore and Sydney, Australia. the British Library with the theme: Further venues are planned by our 'What Use is a Map?' Thanks to Tony forward-looking and sociable Interna­ Campbell and his staff for excellent ar­ tional Chairman, Malcolm Young, with rangements. The proposal for IMCoS to countries queuing up to be host. 'Adopt-a-Map' was announced, and the The 1991 Annual Symposium also selected De Nieuwe Groote Lichtende breaks new ground, as it will be split in Zee-Fakkel was on display. to two parts, Symposium and Dinner at A Reception the evening before was the N a tiona! Library of Scotla nd in at The Map House, Beauchamp Place. Edinburgh, Map Fair the following The Map Fair was very successful in its week in London. new venue at the Connaught Rooms, Thanks to the efforts of the Editor, with the Map Valuation proving popu­ George Beal, the IMCoS Journal now lar as usual. At the Dinner, the IMCoS­ appears on time, enabling news and Tooley Award was presented to Eila reports to be up-to-date. However, costs Campbell by the chief guest, Sir George of production are rising, and even with Bishop, CB, OBE. advertising, the Journal is proving to be The International Symposium at more expensive than the income allows. Athens in October was most ably organ­ The committee is looking into ways to ised by Themis Strongilos. It was well overcome this. attended, with about 25 members from The year began under the chairman­ the UK, 25 from elsewhere, and 50 from ship of Tony Burgess, but in October he Greece and Cyprus. Thanks to Themis, requested that he and the vice-Chairman his family and staff. change roles. We sympathise with him A York Symposium in November in the sad circumstances which mad e with three very interesting papers and this necessary. He has been most co­ an exhibition of maps was well organ­ operative, and takes full control of the ised by Stuart Jackson, and attended by Map Fair, which is already fully booked 36 members. for this year, mainly due to his excellent Members' Evening here at the Farm­ organisation. Some credit for this is also ers' Club in January was spoilt by the due to Yasha, for his spreading advertis­ storm, so few attended, but this will ing activities, which brought many new

47 people to the Fair last year. one person's imagination to fill what is Advertising revenues are also clearly a need in the cartographic increasing, thanks to the good work of world. Warwick Leadlay. His is the difficult All those members who were not in task to hold exhibitors at the Map Fair at the beginning will join me, I am sure, to their commitments, and to persuade in thanking the founders, those who them also to advertise in the Journal. were active in the early days, but who We are lucky to have him doing this so have dropped out for one reason or well. another, and particularly those many Harry Pearce has carried the joint who have continued in their enthusi­ role of Secretary and Treasurer for so asm, and still form the backbone of the long, we thought we would be able to Society. As I would prefer to encourage continue passing on all the tough work towards the future, I will not dwell on to him for ever. But now he has handed their achievements here, but let us all over the accounts to Eugene Burden, register our gratitude. w horn we welcome as Treasurer. Harry IMCoS has naturally changed as it will still have almost as much work, as has grown. Our 28 representatives in IMCoS grows, with new members en­ this country and abroad are contribut­ couraged to join by Caroline Batchelor, ing magnificently, and the membership and then looked after by Harry. list reads like the United Nations. There We also thank other members of the are still, however, a few gaps, countries committee who regularly attend meet­ where we do not have a single member. ings and make useful contributions. Within the Society, too, change has Among them are Stuart Jackson, David taken place. We now have 'tradition', Webb for all the photographs of IMCoS we expect events to take place with reg­ activities found in the JournaC John ularity, so many times a year, in so Goss, who is now taking over the Lib­ many venues. rary, as well as organising the Summer How quickly all this has grown. Yet Symposium at the Imperial War Mus­ ten years is not, after alt so long. The eum, and all members who contribute future of IMCoS depends on how many so valuably to the success of the Society. of its members take an active part, Last but far from least is the contribu­ either in the organisation on a regular tion by our President, Dr Helen Wallis basis, or for particular events, and how OBE, who has such wide contacts well it satisfies the collector, the dealer, throughout the world, and makes her the academic, and a wider public, as it vast store of knowledge available to becomes ever better known. members of IMCoS as well as others. The Executive Officers then presented Far from being only a well-known their reports. Membership Secretary figurehead, itself valuable to any soci­ announced a total of 509 members, 54 of ety, she also attends the committee them joining during the current year. meetings regularly, and makes very The accounts for the Society were valuable contributions. approved, and will be published shortly. In this tenth anniversary year of They showed a slight loss over the year, IMCoS, the temptation is to look back­ and it was stressed that since the cost of ward. In fact, the early journals make the Journal is beyond the income from fascinating reading, and provide a subscriptions, all functions arranged by picture of how this Society grew from the Society must be self-financing.

48 A rise in subscriptions was voted, The following officers were duly with Registration increased to £4, Annu­ elected/ re-elected: Helen Wallis OBE as al Membership to £16, three-year President, Susan Gole as Executive Membership to £45, Annual Junior Chairman, Tony Burgess as vice-Chair­ Membership to £8, and Life Member­ man, Malcolm Young as International ship to £500. There was some discussion Chairman, Thernis Strongilos as Inter­ on the value that members receive for national Secretary, Janet Green as Direc­ their subscriptions, and it was agreed tor, Harry Pearce as Secretary, Caroline that for an international society with the Batchelor as Membership Secretary, and standing that IMCoS now has in the Terry Kay and Rod Barron as Executive map world, members who used all Officers. IMCoS has to offers were receiving The President thanked the committee good value in the form of contacts and for all their work during the year, and friendships, and in the promotion of expressed confidence in the future of cartographic knowledge. the Society.

Early Chinese Star Map Discovered

DURING reconstruction work at the chrome, divides the heavens into 28 Xi'an Jaitong University in China lunar mansions, seven for each of the recently, a 2,100-year-old tomb was dis­ cardinal points. These are each per­ covered, the roof of which was painted sonified as a Daoist deity. with a celestial map. The tomb is Sirna Qian was court astrologer to thought by Chinese archaeologists pos­ the Han Emperor Wu Di. He died aged sibly to be of the Han dynasty. about 60. The remains found in the The celestial map which spans the tomb are roughly of that period, and roof vault matches the description coins accompanying the burial date to given by the Han historian Sirna Qian 87-490 BC. Some archaeologists are (Ssu-rna Ch'ien, author of the Shih Chi, speculating as to whether the tomb is of who lived from about 145 BC to around Sirna Qian himself. 87 BC). The map, painted in pastel poly- Courtesy The Tin1es , 1st February, 1990.

49 IMCoS List of Officers

Executive Committee and Directors Themis Strongilos Appointed Officers Kjarten Gunnarsson President Dr Helen Wallis OBE Janet Green Chairman Susan Gole Vice Chairman Tony Burgess Advisory Council Gen Secretary Harry Pearce President Dr Helen Wallis OBE Treasurer Eugene Burden Past President Rodney Shirley Membership Sec Caroline Batchelor London Tony Campbell Publicity Officer Yasha Beresiner Barcelona Sra Montserrat Galera Members Stuart Jackson Milwaukee Dr JB Harley Terry Kay Paris Dr Mireille Pastoureau Roderick Barron Utrecht Dr Gunter Schilder Advertising Manager Warwick Lead lay Librarian John Goss International Officers Photographer and lnt Chairman Malcolm R. Young Slide Registrar David Webb lnt Secretary Themis Strongilos Journal Editor George Beal

Representatives America, Central: Paul F Glynn, Casa El Japan: Kazumasa Yamashita, 10-7 Carmen, 3a Avenida Norte 8, 2-chome, Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, La Antigua, Guatemala Tokyo America, South: Dr Lorenzo Guller Frers, Netherlands: Werner Lowenhardt, De Tucman 744 piso 12, Torreblanca, Lairessestr 40-1, 1071 PB, Amsterdam 1049 Buenos Aires, Argentina New Zealand: Neil McKinnon, PO Box Australia: Prof Robert Clancy, 847, Timaru 99 Carrington Parade, New Lampton, Portugal: JC Silva, Travessa de NSW 2305 Quelmada 28, Lisbon 2 Belgium: ltshak Sperling, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia: 137 Voskenslaan, B 9000 Gent Michael J Sweet, Antiques of the Bulgaria: Bojan Besevliev, lnst for Balkan Orient, 21 Cuscaden Road, Ming Studies, ul. Kalojan 7, 1000 Sofia Arcade 01-02, Singapore 1024 Canada: Edward H Dahl, National South Africa: Oscar Norwich, 46 Garden Archives of Canada, Ottawa, Road, Orchard 2192, Johannesburg Ontario K1 A ON3 Spain: Jaime Armero, Frame SL, General Cyprus: Dr AJ Hadjipaschalis, PO Box Pardinas 69, Madrid 6 4506, Nicosia Sweden: Gunnar Skoog, Skoogs Finland: Jan Strang, Antiiki-Kirja, Foretagsgrupp AB, Malmo Kalevankatu 25, SF-001 00 Helsinki Thailand: Dr Dawn Rooney, PO Box 11 , France: Jacques Reutemann, 108 !verna 1238 Bangkok Court, London W8 6TX Turkey: F Muhtar Katircioglu, Karanfil Germany: Prof Dr D Novak, Adenaurallee Araligi 14, Levent, 80620 Istanbul 23, D-5300 Bonn 1 United Kingdom, NW: Alan Hulme, Greece: Them is Strongilos, 19 Regillis 52 Mount Way, Waverton, Chester Street, 106 7 4 Athens USA, Central: Kenneth Nebenzahllnc, Iceland: Kjarten Gunnarsson, Lyfjabudin PO Box 370, Glencoe, Ill 60022 !dunn, Laugavegi 40(a), Reykjavik USA, East: Ralph E Ehrenberg, 9219 Israel: Eva Wajntraub, 4 Brenner Street, Bells Mill Road, Potomac, Md 20854 Jerusalem Yugoslavia: Ankica Pandzic, Historical Italy: JD Maranelli, Villa Clampedelles, Museum of Croatia, Matoseva 9, Crignes 76, Cortina d'Ampezzo YU-41 000 Zagreb 50 IMAGO MUNDI first published in 1935 by Leo Bagrow, is an international English -language journal for the publication of studies of early maps, the history of cartography, & for the exchange of information. It is the annual yearbook for the International Society for the History of Cartography. For subscription details and the supply of back numbers apply to the Secretary /Treasurer, G.R.P. Lawrence, Geography Department, King's College, Strand, London WC2R 2LS

Susanna Fisher Spencer, Uplzan1, Southan1pton, 503 liD, England Tel: Durley (048 96) 291

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