Ethical and Welfare Considerations When Using Cephalopods As Experimental Animals
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Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) Ott the South Coast of Southern Africa *
S. Afr. I. Zool. 1993,28(2) 99 Biological and ecological aspects of the distribution of Sepia australis (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) otT the south coast of southern Africa * Martina A. Compagno Roeleveld ** South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000 Republic of South Africa M.R. Lipinski *** Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 South Africa Michelle G. van der Merwe South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa Received 9 June 1992; accepted 6 October 1992 During the South Coast Biomass Survey in 1988, 49,4 kg (6336 individuals) of Sepia australis were caught between Cape Agulhas and Algoa Bay. A biomass index of 803 t of S. australis was calculated for the area at that time. Largest catches were taken between about 20"E and 22"E, in waters of 10-11°C and 50-150 m depth. The overall sex ratio was 2M: 3F and mean individual mass was 6,47 9 for males and 8,67 9 for females. The largest animals were a mature male of 58 mm mantle length and a maturing female of 65 mm mantle length. Most of the animals trawled off the South Coast were maturing or fully mature in early winter and very few immature animals were found. Differences in mean mantle length and maturity stage of the animals in different areas were found to be correlated most strongly with water temperature but also with depth and longitude. Largest numbers and mean sizes of mature animals caught suggest that the main spawning grounds off the South Coast may be in deeper water on the western side of the Agulhas Bank. -
Revisión Del Género Lolliguncula Steenstrup, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) Frente a La Costa Del Pacífico De América Del Sur
Rev. peru. biol. 20(2): 129 - 136 (Diciembre 2013) the genus LOLLIGUNCULA off the Pacific Coast of South America FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS UNMSM ISSN-L 1561-0837 TRABAJOS ORIGINALES Revision of the genus Lolliguncula Steenstrup, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) off the Pacific Coast of South America Revisión del género Lolliguncula Steenstrup, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) frente a la costa del Pacífico de América del Sur Franz Cardoso1 and Frederick G. Hochberg2 1 Laboratorio de Biología y Sistemática de Invertebrados Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Na- Abstract cional Mayor de San Marcos, Apdo. 11-0058, Lima 11, Perú. In the present paper the species from the genus Lolliguncula Steentrup, 1881 (Cephalopo- 2 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol, Santa da: Loliginidae) in Southeastern Pacific Ocean are reviewed. The presence of Lolliguncula Barbara, California 93105-2936, USA. (Lolliguncula) panamensis Berry, 1911, Lolliguncula (Loliolopsis) diomedeae Hoyle, 1911 and Email Franz Cardoso: [email protected] Lolliguncula (Lolliguncula) argus Brakoniecki and Roper, 1985 are confirmed from Mexican waters to Perú and the species Lolliguncula (Lolliguncula) argus collected during a cruise of the R/V Anton Bruun from 1966 off the coast of South America is recorded for the first time in Peruvian waters. A key to identification of Pacific species is given. We report a diagnostic feature with taxonomic remarks of these species. Updated information on the distribution, biology, and fisheries of each species also is discussed. Keywords: Lolliguncula; taxonomy; distribution; biology; Southeastern Pacific. Resumen En el presente trabajo las especies del género Lolliguncula Steentrup, 1881 (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) en el Océano Pacífico Sudeste son revisados. -
In the Loliginid Squid Alloteuthis Subulata and Loligo Vulgaris
The Journal of Experimental Biology 204, 2103–2118 (2001) 2103 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 JEB3380 REFLECTIVE PROPERTIES OF IRIDOPHORES AND FLUORESCENT ‘EYESPOTS’ IN THE LOLIGINID SQUID ALLOTEUTHIS SUBULATA AND LOLIGO VULGARIS L. M. MÄTHGER1,2,* AND E. J. DENTON1 1The Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK and 2Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK *e-mail: [email protected] Accepted 27 March 2001 Summary Observations were made of the reflective properties of parts of the spectrum and all reflections in other the iridophore stripes of the squid Alloteuthis subulata and wavebands, such as those in the red and near ultraviolet, Loligo vulgaris, and the likely functions of these stripes are will be weak. The functions of the iridophores reflecting red considered in terms of concealment and signalling. at normal incidence must be sought in their reflections of In both species, the mantle muscle is almost transparent. blue-green at oblique angles of incidence. These squid rely Stripes of iridophores run along the length of each side of for their camouflage mainly on their transparency, and the the mantle, some of which, when viewed at normal ventral iridophores and the red, green and blue reflective incidence in white light, reflect red, others green or blue. stripes must be used mainly for signalling. The reflectivities When viewed obliquely, the wavebands best reflected move of some of these stripes are relatively low, allowing a large towards the blue/ultraviolet end of the spectrum and fraction of the incident light to be transmitted into the their reflections are almost 100 % polarised. -
Defensive Behaviors of Deep-Sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy
Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy by Stephanie Lynn Bush A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Roy L. Caldwell, Chair Professor David R. Lindberg Professor George K. Roderick Dr. Bruce H. Robison Fall, 2009 Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy © 2009 by Stephanie Lynn Bush ABSTRACT Defensive Behaviors of Deep-sea Squids: Ink Release, Body Patterning, and Arm Autotomy by Stephanie Lynn Bush Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Roy L. Caldwell, Chair The deep sea is the largest habitat on Earth and holds the majority of its’ animal biomass. Due to the limitations of observing, capturing and studying these diverse and numerous organisms, little is known about them. The majority of deep-sea species are known only from net-caught specimens, therefore behavioral ecology and functional morphology were assumed. The advent of human operated vehicles (HOVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) have allowed scientists to make one-of-a-kind observations and test hypotheses about deep-sea organismal biology. Cephalopods are large, soft-bodied molluscs whose defenses center on crypsis. Individuals can rapidly change coloration (for background matching, mimicry, and disruptive coloration), skin texture, body postures, locomotion, and release ink to avoid recognition as prey or escape when camouflage fails. Squids, octopuses, and cuttlefishes rely on these visual defenses in shallow-water environments, but deep-sea cephalopods were thought to perform only a limited number of these behaviors because of their extremely low light surroundings. -
Environmental Effects on Cephalopod Population Dynamics: Implications for Management of Fisheries
Advances in Cephalopod Science:Biology, Ecology, Cultivation and Fisheries,Vol 67 (2014) Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in Marine Biology, Vol. 67 published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From: Paul G.K. Rodhouse, Graham J. Pierce, Owen C. Nichols, Warwick H.H. Sauer, Alexander I. Arkhipkin, Vladimir V. Laptikhovsky, Marek R. Lipiński, Jorge E. Ramos, Michaël Gras, Hideaki Kidokoro, Kazuhiro Sadayasu, João Pereira, Evgenia Lefkaditou, Cristina Pita, Maria Gasalla, Manuel Haimovici, Mitsuo Sakai and Nicola Downey. Environmental Effects on Cephalopod Population Dynamics: Implications for Management of Fisheries. In Erica A.G. Vidal, editor: Advances in Marine Biology, Vol. 67, Oxford: United Kingdom, 2014, pp. 99-233. ISBN: 978-0-12-800287-2 © Copyright 2014 Elsevier Ltd. Academic Press Advances in CephalopodAuthor's Science:Biology, personal Ecology, copy Cultivation and Fisheries,Vol 67 (2014) CHAPTER TWO Environmental Effects on Cephalopod Population Dynamics: Implications for Management of Fisheries Paul G.K. -
Surveys of the Fish Resources of Namibia
ANNEX II RECORDS OF FISHING STATIONS R/V "DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN" SURVEY:1991401 STATION: 501 DATE :27/01/1991 GEAR TYPE: BT NO: 1 POSITION:Lat S 28°40.02 R/V "DR. FRIDTJOF NANSEN" SURVEY:1991401 STATION: 505 start stop duration Lon E 16°13.98 DATE :27/01/1991 GEAR TYPE: BT NO: 1 POSITION:Lat S 29°22.98 TIME :07:00:00 07:30:00 30.0 (min) Purpose : 3 start stop duration Lon E 14°51.00 LOG : 3992.20 3993.40 1.5 Region : 1 TIME :18:20:00 18:30:00 10.0 (min) Purpose : 3 FDEPTH: 81 78 Gear cond.: 0 LOG : 4073.60 4073.80 0.2 Region : 1 BDEPTH: 81 78 Validity : 0 FDEPTH: 237 235 Gear cond.: 8 Towing dir: 138° Wire out : 400 m Speed : 3.0 kn BDEPTH: 237 235 Validity : 9 Sorted : 70 Total catch: 69.80 Catch/hour: 139.60 Towing dir: 248° Wire out : 850 m Speed : 0.3 kn Sorted : 58 Total catch: 58.00 Catch/hour: 348.00 SPECIES CATCH/HOUR % OF TOT. C SAMP weight numbers SPECIES CATCH/HOUR % OF TOT. C SAMP Chelidonichthys capensis 67.80 360 48.57 weight numbers Merluccius capensis, female 23.00 122 16.48 2 Lepidopus caudatus 159.60 1752 45.86 Krill 20.00 0 14.33 Helicolenus dactylopterus 67.80 636 19.48 18 Callorhinchus capensis 8.60 10 6.16 Merluccius capensis, female 58.20 24 16.72 17 Jasus lalandii 5.00 46 3.58 Zeus capensis 37.80 252 10.86 Merluccius capensis, male 4.60 24 3.30 1 Callorhinchus capensis 15.00 6 4.31 Austroglossus microlepis 4.20 26 3.01 Todarodes sagittatus 6.60 6 1.90 Sufflogobius bibarbatus 3.20 450 2.29 Callanthias legras 1.80 12 0.52 Merluccius capensis, juvenile 3.20 150 2.29 3 Holohalaelurus regani 1.20 6 0.34 Trachurus capensis 0.00 2 0.00 __________ ________ Etrumeus whiteheadi 0.00 42 0.00 Total 348.00 100.00 Engraulis capensis 0.00 6 0.00 __________ ________ Total 139.60 100.00 R/V "DR. -
Age and Growth of Two Sympatric Squid Loligo Vulgaris and Loligo Forbesi, in Galician Waters (North-West Spain)
J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (1999), 79, 697^707 Printed in the United Kingdom Age and growth of two sympatric squid Loligo vulgaris and Loligo forbesi, in Galician waters (north-west Spain) F. Rocha and A. Guerra Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain Age and growth of Loligo vulgaris and L. forbesi were studied by the examination of growth increments in 96 and 135 selected (white zone 510%) statoliths, respectively. Squid were obtained by monthly sampling from the catches of commercial trawling and hand-jigs in Galician waters (north-west Spain) between February 1991 and October 1993. Mantle length (ML) of L. vulgaris ranged from 70 to 480 mm and varied between 70 and 685 mm in L. forbesi. A negative allometry between statolith length and ML or body weight (BW) was found in both species. Sexual dimorphism was apparent in both species, males grew faster and longer than females. The statolith analysis suggests that growth patterns of L. vulgaris and L. forbesi in Galician waters are di¡erent. The exploited population of L. vulgaris was composed of two groups: one formed by individuals hatched in winter^spring and another by specimens hatched in summer^autumn. Squid hatched in winter^spring reached larger sizes at the same age than those hatched in summer^autumn. These two groups were also observed in L. forbesi. However, squid of this species hatched in winter^spring were smaller than those hatched in summer^autumn at the same age. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. The life span of L. -
Geographic Drivers of Diversification in Loliginid Squids with an Emphasis on the Western Atlantic Species
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.211896; this version posted July 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Original Article Geographic drivers of diversification in loliginid squids with an emphasis on the western Atlantic species Gabrielle Genty1*, Carlos J Pardo-De la Hoz1,2*, Paola Montoya1,3, Elena A. Ritschard1,4* 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia. 2Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States of America 3Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia 4Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Austria * These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence author: Gabrielle Genty, [email protected] Acknowledgements We would like to thank Daniel Cadena and Andrew J. Crawford for their suggestions and guidance during the early stages of this investigation. bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.20.211896; this version posted July 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 2 ABSTRACT Aim: Identifying the mechanisms driving divergence in marine organisms is challenging as opportunities for allopatric isolation are less conspicuous than in terrestrial ecosystems. -
Marine Faunal Assessment Concessions 2C-5C
BASIC ASSESSMENT FOR A PROSPECTING RIGHT APPLICATION FOR OFFSHORE SEA CONCESSION 6C WEST COAST, SOUTH AFRICA Marine Faunal Assessment Prepared for: On behalf of: De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited July 2018 BASIC ASSESSMENT FOR A PROSPECTING RIGHT APPLICATION FOR OFFSHORE SEA CONCESSION 6C WEST COAST, SOUTH AFRICA MARINE FAUNAL ASSESSMENT Prepared for SLR Consulting (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd On behalf of: De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited Prepared by Andrea Pulfrich Pisces Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd July 2018 Contact Details: Andrea Pulfrich Pisces Environmental Services PO Box 302, McGregor 6708, South Africa, Tel: +27 21 782 9553 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.pisces.co.za IMPACTS ON MARINE FAUNA – Proposed Offshore Prospecting Operations in Sea Concession 6C, West Coast, South Africa TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 1.1. Scope of Work ................................................................................... 1 1.2. Approach to the Study.......................................................................... 2 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................................ 3 2.1. Geophysical Surveys ............................................................................ 3 2.2. Exploration Sampling ........................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Coring (vibrocoring) .................................................................. 4 2.2.2 -
Cephalopod Species Living In
BASTERIA, 69: 91-119, 2005 Seasonal distributionof cephalopod species living in the central and southern North Sea A. de Heij Celebesstraat 5, NL 6707 ED Wageningen,The Netherlands;[email protected] & R.P. Baayen Gijsbrecht van Amstellaan 18, NL 3703 BD Zeist, The Netherlands; [email protected] During the International Bottom Trawl Surveys and International Beam Trawl Surveys from 1996 in to 2003, ten cephalopodspecies were encountered the central and southern North Sea in six families: Loliginidae(Alloteuthis subulata, Loligo forbesi, Loligo vulgaris), Sepiolidae ( Sepiola atlantica, Rossia macrosoma, Sepietta oweniana), Sepiidae (Sepia officinalis), Ommastrephidae (Todaropsis eblanae), Onychoteuthidae (Onychoteuthis banksii), and Octopodidae (Eledone cir- from in in rhosa). Apart A. subulata, noneof the species lived the investigated area large num- is bers. In general, the central and southern North Sea not a favourable habitat for cephalopods due to the shallowness ofthe water. The occurrence of individual species is further restricted by water temperatureor salinity requirements, as shown by their seasonal migrationpatterns. These of the and influx of from outside. parameters depend on sea depth, time year, water waters in Inside the central and southern North Sea, deep are relatively cool summer but rela- in tively warm winter, while the shallow coastal waters of Belgium and The Netherlands are warm in summer and cold in winter. This explains the seasonal migration ofAlloteuthis subula- It north- ta, a species indigenous to the North Sea that prefers relatively warm waters. migrates westwards before winter and southeastwards in late spring. A similar migration pattern exists for the two other species in the Loliginidae, Loligo forbesi and L. -
First Study on the Ecology of Sepia Australis in the Southern Benguela Ecosystem
THE VELIGER © CMS, Inc., 1992 The Veliger 35(4):384-395 (October 1, 1992) First Study on the Ecology of Sepia australis in the Southern Benguela Ecosystem by M. R. LIPINSKl 1 Zoology Depanment. Cni\ersity of Cape Town, Ronclebosch 7700. South Africa .\1. A. COMPAGNO ROELEVELD South African .\luseurn. P.O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa and C. J. AUGUSTYN Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai 8012, South .-\frica Abstract. Sepia austra/1s is most abundant in the eastern South :\tlantic between Luderitz and St. Helena Bay (about 27-33°5 in 100-200 rn). There seerns to be no link between the variation in abundance of S. australls and that of its most important predator, the shallow-water Cape hake, Merluccius capensls. The variations in abundance of S. austra/ls and one of its rnost important prey species, the stomat0pod crustacean Pterygosquilla armata caper/j/s, sho\,· simultaneous changes, suggesting that both species respond to the same environmemal factors. I\lantle length. total weight. gonad \,·eight, and sex ratio of Sepia australi, \·ary from year to year ancl by region off the west coast of southern .'\frica ..-\nimals from the south coast (eastward of Cape Point) were very different: length-\,·eight relationships \,·ere found tO be sirnilar in slope and intercept for both f sexes and within each sex bet\,·een years and regions of the west coast, but different for the south coast. INTRODUCTIO'.\ dorsal rnantle length (.\!L) slightly above 80 mm. Little is known about this species other than its systematic po Sepia auslrali, is one of the most common sepiids in the sition and distribution range; its importance in the eco Benguela ecosystem of southern Africa (in this instance system is only now being assessed (LIPINSKI et al., 1991, from Luderitz to Agulhas Bank, Figure 1; for definitions and unpublished data; Roeleveld et al., unpublished data). -
Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-159 Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies by M. A. Etnier and C. W. Fowler U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center October 2005 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS The National Marine Fisheries Service's Alaska Fisheries Science Center uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum series to issue informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible. Documents within this series reflect sound professional work and may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest Fisheries Center. The NMFS-NWFSC series is currently used by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. This document should be cited as follows: Etnier, M. A., and C. W. Fowler. 2005. Comparison of size selectivity between marine mammals and commercial fisheries with recommendations for restructuring management policies. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-159, 274 p. Reference in this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-159 Comparison of Size Selectivity Between Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries with Recommendations for Restructuring Management Policies by M. A. Etnier and C. W. Fowler Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle, WA 98115 www.afsc.noaa.gov U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Carlos M.