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41612.Pdf (1.519Mb) REPORTED CASES OF NOTIFIABLE DISEASES IN THE AMERICAS 1946 - 1955 Scientific Publications February 1958 No. 38 PAN AMERICAN SANITARY BUREAU Regional Office of the World Health Organization Washington, D. C. REPORTED CASES OF NOTIFIABLE DISEASES IN THE AMERICAS 1946 - 1955 PAN AMERICAN SANITARY BUREAU Regional Office of the World Health Organization 1501 New Hampshire Avenue, N. W. Washington 6, D. C., U. S. A. ¿ REPORTED CASES OF NOTIFIABLE DISEASES IN THE AMERICAS 1946-1955 Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION ................................. 5 TAB LES Reported cases of selected notifiable diseases in the Americas, 1946-1955 Titl.e number 1 Tuberculosis, all forms ................... .... 001 1-019 .... 7 2 Syphilis ................................ 02()-029.... 8 3 Gonococcal infection ......................... 03()-035 ..... 9 4 Chancroid ................... O...........03( 10 5 Typhoid fever ............................. 04( 11 6 Paratyphoid fever ......................... 043 12 7 Brucellosis (undulant fever) ................... 044 13 8 Amoebiasis .............................. 04t 14 9 Bacillary dysentery, other and unspecified dysentery ........ 04! 5,36 047,. 048..... · . 15 10 Scarlet fever ................... ......... 05( 16 11 Diphtheria . ............................. 05F 17 12 Whooping cough .O..........................SE 05(03· 2...... 18 13 Meningococcal infections ...................... 05' 19 14 Plague ................... O.............05E8 ·..... 20 15 Leprosy ............................... 06( 21 16 Tetanus ................................ 06] 22 17 Anthrax ............................... 061 23 18 Relapsing fever ............................ 07] 24 19 Yaws ................................. 07'3. 25 20 Acute poliomyelitis ......................... 08(4 . ...... 26 21 Acute infectious encephalitis ................... 08;6 . .... 27 22 Smallpox ............................... 084 28 23 Measles . .............................. 08S 29 24 Yellow fever . ............................ 09:L ... ..... 30 25 Infectious hepatitis .......................... 09; 31 26 Rabies ................................... 094 32 27 Trachoma ................... O...........09F 33 28 Louse-borne typhus ......................... 10( 34 29 Flea-borne typhus (murine) ................... .. 10]) .. .. 35 30 Malaria .............................. 11(0-117 36 31 Ankylostomiasis ................... ....... 121 37 32 Influenza ............................... 48(0-483; .. .. 38 33 Other diseases Lymphogranuloma venereum . .... 03' 39 Granuloma inguinale, venereal ................. 031 39 Tularaemia ................... ......... 05O 39 Glanders ............................. 0644.2 .... .. 40 Leptospirosis icterohaemorrhagica (Weil's disease) ....... 07; 40 Pinta ................................ 07474.1 pt..... 40 Dengue .............................. 09( 40 Psittacosis ............................ 09( 6.2 ..... 40 Tick-borne typhus ........................ 104 40 Leishmaniasis .......................... 12( 41 Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) ............... 12] 41 Schistosomiasis .......................... 12' 41 Hydatid disease .......................... 121 41 Filariasis ............................. 12' 42 Trichiniasis ............................ 121 42 Bartonellosis (verruga peruana) ................. 131 42 Rabies in animals ........................... 42 34 Selected diseases, by age, 1955 Typhoid fever ........................... 04( 43 Diphtheria ............... ............. 05F5 43 Whooping cough . ..... 05(63 ) 43 Leprosy .............................. 06( 43 0 Acute poliomyelitis ....................... 08( 43 INDEX 44 1 i INTRODUCTION This report has been prepared in response to the many requests for data on communicable diseases for the Americas by national and international agencies and by health workers con- cerned with the study of the distribution of disease. Various reports have been published giving numbers of cases of some of these diseases. Cases are reported currently to the Pan American Sanitary Bureau by the National Health Services and annual reports are also published by sev- eral countries, but it seemed desirable to combine the available data for the Americas and to issue a report for the ten-year period 1946-1955. Thus efforts were made to have the data in- cluded in this report checked by the health authorities in each country in the Americas. Although difficulties were encountered in obtaining satisfactory data for certain countries, the development of more adequate reporting systems and annual provision of official data by countries should result in more complete reports in the future. Although the principal sources of data were the reports published by countries, the annual summaries sent to the World Health Organization or the Bureau, and additional information supplied by the health authorities, data provided in the Four-Year Reports on Health Conditions prepared by the countries for the XIV or XV Pan American Sanitary Conference were also used in some cases. Notwithstanding the efforts made to utilize the most reliable figures, it is pos- sible that additional checking by national authorities will reveal inaccuracies or discrepancies, Corrections can be made in future editions of this report. Development of Reporting Systems Every country has developed a system of reporting of certain communicable diseases, termed notifiable diseases. The quarantinable diseases, formerly called pestilential diseases, have a long history of being reported in the Americas. These diseases are cholera, plague, relapsing fever (louse-borne), smallpox, typhus fever (louse-borne), and yellow fever.Cholera has not occurred in the Americas during the last few decades. The number of other diseases de- clared notifiable by law or regulation varies in areas within a country as well as among coun- tries. Provisions for reporting and exchange of data on certain notifiable diseases were in- cluded in the Pan American Sanitary Code (1924). In accordance with the Code and the Inter- national Sanitary Regulations, a Guide for the Reporting of Communicable Diseases in the Americas (PASB Misc. Publications No. 6 Rev., 1955) serves to describe the procedures in operation for current exchange of data. Organization of Report The main part of this report consists of a series of tables for 32 selected communicable diseases declared notifiable in most of the countries. The numbers of reported cases in each country in the Americas are given; for the countries which did not report cases an effort was made to determine whether or not the disease was notifiable. For the quarantinable diseases, except relapsing fever, the assumption has been made that all known diagnosed cases werere- ported. This assumption is justified by the fact that reporting of quarantinable diseases is made obligatory by international agreement. The diseases included in Tables 1-32 are those for which the information was provided for a sufficient number of countries and was considered of value for health programs. Table 33 shows data for 17 other selected diseases reported by a relatively small number of countries. This table shows only data for countries where cases of these diseases were known to have occurred and were reported. To provide a uniform classification the title numbers of the International StatisticalClas- sification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death, WHO, Geneva, 1948 Edition, have been used throughout this report. In addition to cases for the ten years, 1946-1955, several countries provided the age dis- tribution of reported cases in 1955 for some diseases. Table 34 gives the age distribution of reported cases of five diseases, namely, typhoid fever, diphtheria, whooping cough,leprosy and 6 poliomyelitis. It is hoped that, in future reports, data on age distribution willbe available and included for additional countries. Reporting Areas Although in most of the countries the reporting system covered the entire area, in some the coverage was limited to localities with health services. In the following seven countries the National Health Agencies stated that the reports covered only certain parts of the country: Brazil - The reporting areas comprised the Federal District and State Capitals except for leprosy, plague, yellow fever and malaria which were reported for the whole country by special nationalhealth services. The population of the Federal District and State Capitals comprised 15. 7 per cent of the total population in 1955. Canada - The reporting area excluded Yukon and the Northwest Territories; Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949. The number of provinces in which each disease was notifiable, based on provincial health regulations, varied as indicated by footnotes. Colombia - Cases were reported for the population controlled by the health services, which included 52.4 per cent of the total population in 1947. An increase in the coverage occurred and in 1955 87. 5 per cent of the population were included. El Salvador - The population for the areas in which cases of notifiable diseases were re- ported to the health authorities increased from 39.9 per cent in 1949 to 53.1 per centin 1955. Paraguay - The population included in the reporting area was 88. 4 per cent of the total in 1946 and remained at this level until 1955 when the reporting area was given as 42 localities with physicians working fuli time in the health services (45.8 per cent of the total population). This reduction is due to a change in the definition of the reporting
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