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Home , 19th century, Albany City Hall, Albany Post Road, Alexander Jackson Davis, Batten Kill, Carpenter Gothic

106884d_A_Architecture.qxp 8/3/16 7:42 AM Page 1

Map & Guide Series

Hudson River Valley Architectural Traditions National Heritage Area, hudsonrivervalley.com in the Valley

he Hudson River Valley is known not only for its natural beauty but its architectural heritage. It was here that architects developed early residential Tstyles, created mountain resorts, and designed spectacular riverside estates. America’s first travel guides touted these architectural wonders 150 ago. The invitation still holds: Visit the farmhouses of Dutch and French Huguenot ; tour the mansions and grounds along the river; and marvel at the creations of some of the country’s greatest 19th- architects.

Staatsburgh State Historic Site, photi by Andrew Halpern

Dutch, Huguenot Influences neighbors. Huguenot Street, arguably the Origins of the Great Estates Clermont established a new standard for The houses built by Dutch colonists oldest street in America with its original As second- and third-generation the country house and the prominence during the 17th and early 18th houses, includes three with portions that colonists became more prosperous, of the Livingston family. Federal-era are the only examples of Dutch architec- date back to the 1690s: the Bevier-Elting, many early landholdings expanded. mansions, such as ture in . Farmhouses, such Jean Hasbrouck, and Abraham Hasbrouck I, a Dutch carpenter (1789) in Albany, Boscobel (1804-07) in as Pieter Bronck’s brick residence (1663) houses. The buildings are of local stone, who emigrated in the 1650s, successfully Cold Spring, and Locust Lawn (1814) in in Coxsackie, feature distinctive pitched with steeply pitched shingled roofs and acquired a large amount of land and two New Paltz, demonstrated the increasing roofs with gable ends, prominent roof Dutch jambless fireplaces. mill sites, the Lower Mills in Yonkers wealth of the Hudson River Valley. beams, and open fireplaces. and the Upper Mills on the Pocantico Today, the legacy of the Dutch colonial River in the village of Sleepy Hollow. After the English took charge of the vernacular is kept alive in more contem- The core of Philipse Manor dates back colony in 1664, Dutch building traditions porary historic buildings, many of which to the 1680s, but its transformation into continued and can still be seen at the Madam Brett Homestead, were influenced by Franklin Roosevelt. a country estate began under Frederick Philipse Manor Hall, Yonkers Beacon Steve Turner, AerPhoto, courtesy Charles Davey design LLC Madam Brett Homestead (1709) in Steve Turner, courtesy In the , FDR was involved in the Philipse III, who remodeled it into a Charles Davey LLC Beacon and the Luykas Van Alen House design of six regional post offices, Georgian-style mansion in the . After the Revolutionary War, Americans (1737) in Kinderhook. three schools, his own presidential celebrated their independence through library, and Top Cottage, his retreat Farther up the river, Robert Livingston a new style of architecture that attempt- The French Huguenots who emigrated at Hyde Park. By promoting native acquired a royal patent for a vast tract ed to shed the colonial trappings of the to the banks of the Wallkill Creek and fieldstone construction and using of land in Columbia County, and one of past, but they still clung to the neoclassi- founded the settlement of New Paltz historical models for new designs, his sons built a Georgian-style country cism inherited from . Several built stone houses that combined FDR helped to preserve an impor- house he named Clermont. important houses were destroyed during Northern European and medieval build- Bevier-Elting House, Huguenot Street, New Paltz tant architectural tradition in the the war and rebuilt in the Federal style. In Clermont, Germantown ing traditions with those of their Dutch Hudson River Valley. its elegant post-war reincarnation,

Boscobel, Cold Spring James Vanderpoel House, Kinderhook , Tarrytown Steve Turner, courtesy Charles Davey LLC Dutch Reformed Church, Newburgh Martin Van Buren Home, Kinderhook Tom Daley Residential Architecture: Together, Davis and Downing were : an the Cottage and the Villa responsible for developing the two key American Church Style building types that would define the During the first half of the 19th century, By mid-century, the romantic ideals of nation’s residential architecture: the American architects experimented with a Downing and Davis were common cottage and the villa. The bracketed style variety of styles, and it was during this knowledge, and the board-and-batten was an answer to the quest for a native period of eclecticism that the valley’s church had become the natural style for architectural style, particularly because it most whimsical and exuberant houses Gothic revival in could be adapted to a range of incomes. were created. Sunnyside, a “cottage” in America. The light and vertical wooden Tarrytown designed by writer Washington buildings stood in sharp contrast to the In 1837 Davis introduced this new, Irving in the , evokes this romantic heavy stone Gothic structures of England. romantic style in his landmark book, spirit with its fanciful combination of Rural Residences, which included the Dutch, Scottish, and . The architect earned a Locust Grove, Poughkeepsie Blithewood gatehouse, the first published Sunnyside, Tarrytown reputation as the most talented designer example of a board-and-batten cottage Foremost among professional architects As tastes changed during the , of board-and-batten churches. Upjohn The Knoll was considered the first in America. Over the next 15 years, was , a young accomplished architects like Davis and was so busy by the that he published picturesque villa in America, and in the Davis’ picturesque ideals were interpreted New Yorker who was a partner in the Richard Upjohn were called upon to Upjohn’s Rural Architecture, which it became the heart of Lyndhurst, a for the public in Downing’s widely country’s first architectural firm, Town remodel outdated federal-style houses included “do-it-yourself” church plans. much larger, more spectacular residence. distributed books, Cottage Residences and Davis. By the 1830s, Davis had com- into more fashionable Italianate or A typical example of his work, St. Luke’s and The Architecture of Country Houses. pleted the Custom House in New York Tuscan villas. Davis worked with Samuel Chapel (1857) in Clermont, displays It was through the commission for When Davis remodeled Montgomery St. Luke’s Chapel, Clermont Tom Daley City and the Greek Revival Dutch F. B. Morse to Locust Grove in the bell cote and intricate woodwork the Blithewood estate in Annandale-on- Place, the Federal-style estate in Reformed Church in Newburgh. He also Poughkeepsie, while Upjohn designed characteristic of this style, an important Hudson that Davis met landscape Annandale-on-Hudson, Downing served received a commission for a Hudson Lindenwald, a 36-room mansion in contribution to the history of American architect . as an adviser on the gardens and grounds. River estate, the Knoll in Tarrytown. Kinderhook commissioned by President architecture. Martin Van Buren.

Montgomery Place, courtesy of Historic State Capitol, Albany Wilderstein, Rhinebeck Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, courtesy of Bill Urbin , Sleepy Hollow

A Tradition of Rural Leisure At the same time, Frederick Clarke Withers Visit the Hudson River Valley today and The were an exciting time in the began creating the monumental Hudson immerse yourself in the area’s fascinating valley. The renowned New York architect River State Hospital in Poughkeepsie, the architectural history. designed the Stick country’s first use of the High Victorian Style Howland Library in Beacon, and Gothic style for an institutional design. , Andrew Jackson Downing’s his equally famous colleague, Henry Trailside Museum, Hobson Richardson, was working with a successor, and group of other designers on the New designed the innovative hospital grounds. York State Capitol. A fire at the Albany Hudson River families called on the gardens and impressive collections of art City Hall nearby resulted in a new archi- During the second half of the 19th New York architectural firm McKim, and . Bear Mountain Inn (NPS) tectural commission, and Richardson century, some of the country’s greatest Mead and White to remodel their was built in 1915 and is among the earliest created another impressive civic building. architects brought new residential styles estates—Vanderbilt in Hyde Park and examples of a monumental rustic park At Poughkeepsie James Renwick, Jr., to the valley and renovated the old- Mills in Staatsburg—into more fashion- lodge. It was designed by Tooker and designed the mansard-roofed main fashioned estates of their predecessors. able countryseats. Marsh and has been completely restored building for Matthew Vassar’s new college Vaux updated the landscape plan for and is now open as a restaurant, inn, and for women. Wilderstein, the Queen Anne estate in Two early 20th-century sites represent conference center. And in 1917, a little Rhinebeck, and worked with Frederic E. the extent to which the Hudson River known architect named Herbert Maier As urban centers were growing, the Church on his elaborate Persian-style Valley continued to attract some of the designed the first rustic trailside museum Hudson River Valley remained an impor- residence, Olana, in Hudson. country’s greatest estates and to foster at Bear Mountain State Park. The museum tant resort destination, and, beginning The next generation of prominent the tradition of rural leisure. Kykuit, became a prototype for rustic buildings in the 1870s, visitors could stay at the the Rockefeller estate, boasts stunning throughout the national parks. expansive Mohonk Mountain House in the Shawangunk Mountains.

Olana, Hudson 106884d_A_Architecture.qxp 8/3/16 7:43 AM Page 2

Map & Guide Series Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area, New York Architectural Traditions in the Hudson River Valley hudsonrivervalley.com

Upper Hudson 32 Great 9 , Albany, ogs.ny.gov Hart-Cluett House, 57 Second St., Troy, Sacandaga Schuylerville —This palatial building is a combination of rchsonline.org—19th-century Federal-style 30 Lake 87 Victory ll popular architectural styles of the day, townhouse with distinctive white marble 29 n Ki 29 atte SARATOGA B including Romanesque and French facade SPRINGS 22 Renaissance. Three prominent designers— 4 James Vanderpoel House, Route 9, 32 , Henry Hobson Richardson, e ites reflecting the region's architectural traditions are shown on this map k Cambridge Kinderhook, cchsny.org—19th-century a and Isaac Perry—replaced the original L

of the Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area. For more information a Federal-style mansion with elliptical staircase g architect, Thomas Fuller. Over three S o t

about these sites and other heritage sites and hospitality in the valley, use this Ballston a r of construction, the building suf-

Spa a S Luykas Van Alen House, Route 9H, website: hudsonrivervalley.com fered from financial and political difficulties Kinderhook, cchsny.org—This rare example sic Rive and the struggles of architectural collabora- oo r of a Dutch 18th-century brick 4 H tion. Richardson, with his assistant Stanford has been carefully restored to its original Round 67 White, designed the restored Senate Lake condition. The two-room 1737 house and Mechanicville Chamber. The result was a magnificent N O its 1750 additions include many features o l r d t 9 interior that Richardson described as repre- h w C characteristic of the Dutch building tradi- a h y a senting “simplicity and quietness.” (NHL) m tion. (NHL)

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i M n 7 , 24 Eagle St., Albany, 90 o C Martin Van Buren Home (Lindenwald), 1013 h a a n albanyny.org—designed in the early w a H k o Old Post Rd., Kinderhook, nps.gov/mava— 87 l o R s by renowned architect H.H. Richardson Erie ic iv Retirement home of President Van Buren; e Canal R r i v SCHENECTADY e 1849 addition by Richard Upjohn (NHS) 890 r 7 Waterford Grafton Lakes St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal Church, 107 Sharon Springs Park 30 Rotterdam State St., Albany, stpeterschurchalbany.org— Bronck Museum, U.S. 9W, Coxsackie, 20 90 5 Gothic revival church designed by Richard Latham 2 gchistory.org/—includes several significant 20 N ew Upjohn in 1859 (NHL)

88 Yo 17th- and 18th-century structures (NHL) rk 2 S ta te Hart-Cluett House Th , 32 Catherine St., Albany, ru 20 w Olana State Historic Site, 5720 Route 9G, a y ALBANY schuylerfriends.org—18th-century 9 TROY Hudson, olana.org—Frederic E. Church and Schoharie New York State Capitol/ Georgian-style mansion, home of Maj. Cobleskill Albany City Hall/ 90 4 the architect Calvert Vaux collaborated on E Gen. (NHL) St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church Ten Broeck Mansion the design for the Persian-style castle at 88 145 30 Schuyler Thacher Olana, Church’s estate overlooking the Path Park Mansion Ten Broeck Mansion, 9 Ten Broeck Place, ng Lo Hudson River. Church’s artistic vision 85 Albany, tenbroeckmansion.org—18th-19th- 443 shaped Olana, which he referred to as his Middleburgh Burden century Federal-style estate of General 443 Lake NG finest landscape. Together, Church and 90 66 Vaux created a storybook retreat with

9W A views Church loved to paint. (NHL) 85 k 32 e 145 re C k East o o Nassau h Mid-Hudson r R 30 Rensselaerville 20 e 85 d 9 in K St. Luke’s Chapel, U.S. 9 (Old Post Rd.), exhibits the Beaux Arts style in its symme- Dormansville 87 Clermont—19th-century board-and-batten try, heavy ornamentation, and severe classi- church designed by Richard Upjohn cism. Most of the original furnishings and PITTSFIELD Old Chatham designed interiors remain intact. (NHS) NEW YORK 20 Luykas Van Alen/ Clermont, One Clermont Ave., Vanderpoel Houses 295 Germantown, friendsofclermont.org— Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt C 32 atski 66 18th-century home, with 1893 additions (Springwood), Albany Post Road (U.S. 9), 23 ll C Kinderhook 90 Schoharie re 203 Durham e IC k by Michael O’Connor, of seven successive south of Hyde Park, 1-800-FDR-VISIT, Reservoir 145 Chatham Lenox generations of the Livingston family (NHL) nps.gov/hofr—In 1915 FDR renovated the th COXSACKIE Martin Grand Gorge Long Pa Van Buren N Italianate house in which he had been Home , Annandale-on-Hudson, Bronck 22 born into a Georgian or Colonial Revival Museum 203 90 7 —A Federal-style mansion dating back to style mansion befitting his presidential Prattsville Windham 23 Austerlitz 1805, Montgomery Place was transformed 9W aspirations. He also expressed his love of 66 Stockbridge Cairo 9H by Alexander Jackson Davis in the 1840s architecture and the local Dutch colonial and further altered in 1863 in the neo-clas- style through the design of two cottages 30 296 22 23A sical style. The house features an exterior 23 MASS. on his estate and through his work on S coating of richly detailed ornament. Davis HUDSON 217 N numerous public buildings in Dutchess 32 Catskill I Great also designed outbuildings in the neo-clas- County. (NHS) Hunter Barrington TACO sical, gothic revival, and “Swiss” styles. The A Olana T 23A 23 Hillsdale landscape design was influenced by Vassar College, Main Building, Tannersville er 57 42 N Palenville iv 23 R Andrew Jackson Downing, who con- Poughkeepsie, vassar.edu—Designed by n o U s St. Luke's tributed extensive advice on the gardens architect James Renwick, Jr., in 1860, the 28 d Margaretville u Chapel Taconic O H 82 as well as plants from his Newburgh nurs- Fleischmans 9 Park college’s main building is an early example 214 M 9W 30 Germantown Copake Falls ery. (NHL) of the Mansard style in America. (NHL) 32 87 ek e 9G y Lake r a

C w s Taghkanic k u r Wilderstein, 330 Morton Rd., Rhinebeck, Locust Grove, 2683 South Rd. (U.S. 9), a 7 p Park P

o Phoenicia SAUGERTIES e t c Clermont wilderstein.org—Thomas Suckley commis- Poughkeepsie, lgny.org—Samuel F. B. a E 212 t S Kill L Tivoli sen Taconic c n i a sioned John Warren Ritch to design this Morse, founder of the National Academy n J 212 Park o L c Woodstock a ff house as an Italianate villa in the 1850s. of Design, had achieved a reputation as an T li Catskill oe I Bearsville R Canaan Three decades later, Suckley’s son Robert artist by the 1840s, but it was his 9W Annandale- 22 K 44 on-Hudson Montgomery 82 hired Arnout Cannon to remodel it into a of the electromagnetic telegraph and S Park Place Taconic contemporary Queen Anne estate. The 28 that allowed him to purchase 32 Red Park T 44 Hook 199 result is a whimsical house with an addi- property for a new residence. He chose an 199 Pine A Plains tional floor, veranda, five-story circular old friend, architect Alexander Jackson 28A 199 Millerton tower, and elaborate interiors by Joseph Davis, to assist him in turning an existing C RHINEBECK Burr Tiffany as well as landscaping by Federal-style house into a “Tuscan” villa KINGSTON k Calvert Vaux. Wilderstein was the home of with dramatic views of the river. (NHL) Rhinecliff e e r C Margaret “Daisy” Suckley, close friend of

Wilderstein r e Mohonk Mountain House, 1000 Mountain g Franklin Delano Roosevelt. 9 in p Rest Rd., New Paltz, mohonk.com— 209 p Staatsburg a W Staatsburgh (Mills Mansion), Old Post Rd., Mountain resort established in the 1870s Neversink L 9W Staatsburgh o Amenia Reservoir n (Mills Mansion) Staatsburg, nysparks.com—19th-century g 9G on Lake Mohonk in the Shawangunks 82 Cornwall Rondout P a Vanderbilt Bridge N High mansion redesigned by for (NHL) t

Reservoir h 22 e Falls Mansion v Mohonk l e 44 i Ogden Mills r Mountain House HYDE PARK ra s T in Historic Huguenot StreetHuguenot Street, k Millbrook n Top Cottage/Val-Kill ia R Kerhonkson ch iv la New Paltz, huguenotstreet.org—Arguably e a Vanderbilt Mansion Albany Post Road r Home of FDR p S p y 44 Dover the oldest continually inhabited street in k NEW PALTZ a A (U.S. 9), north of the village of Hyde Park, e N w Plains 7 e u r r Pleasant Valley 82 America (NHL) C I 299 h 115 1-800-FDR-VISIT, nps.gov/vama—This country t T u Minnewaska e o Preserve A t T Kent a Highland d e n t house was one of the finest residential n S o m T Historic k R r

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t M Mill a Monticello 9 t 209 e 87 9W P Lower Hudson a 376 rk k w e CONN. a e y r 17 K Marlboro C Gomez Mill House, 11 Mill House Rd., , South Riverside Dr., ill N Gomez Fishk Marlboro, gomez.org—Oldest Jewish Croton-on-Hudson, hudsonvalley.org, 18th- Mill House Falls New Milford U residence in ; 18th-century Wurtsboro 9D century stone house and tavern (NHL) 52 Pawling G r Mount e trading post iv Orange Gulian H R 32 o Kykuit, U.S. 9, Sleepy Hollow, N ll Lake u ki Fishkill s all 84 a t Mount Gulian, 145 Sterling St., Beacon, 17 W Squantz o hudsonvalley.org—Neo-classical home of A Montgomery n Madam Brett Pond ic 7 mountgulian.org—Built by a Dutch four generations of Rockefellers (NHL) Basher r Dutch 202 R NEWBURGH e BEACON Homestead/ i W Kill v v Reformed Church i Howland Library 52 er merchant in the ; 18th-century

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9 A n Lake Lake Brookfield Lyndhurst, 635 South , o 9D barn noted for its cantilevered gables New s Carmel Candlewood d 22 Tarrytown, lyndhurst.org—Alexander H Windsor u 84 H 84 Howland Cultural Center, 477 Main St., Jackson Davis’ most famous early work in S r Middletown 301 e 301 v Carmel Beacon, 845-831-4988—The Howland the valley was the Knoll, a Gothic Revival 97 i 6 25 209 R Washingtonville L Cold Spring 84 k o n Library, designed by Richard Morris Hunt in estate. Completed in 1842, the Knoll intro- in n i East Branch s g ta r n Reservoir ve P u Boscobel Brewster DANBURY 1872, is a distinctive example of duced a new kind of picturesque architec- e at o N 84 Goshen h M Mountainville k architecture. n 32 Garrison ture to the region. In the 1860s Davis 94 u West Point 22 Port Jervis m Bethel e s Mahopac expanded the mansion with an asymmetri- nn d 9W Chester hu n 6 684 Madam Brett Homestead, 50 Van Nydeck Sc a cally balanced scheme including a five- 6 l 17 h Bear Mountain/ Ave., Beacon, 845-831-6533—Dutch-style g 202 story tower. Today, Lyndhurst is considered i Trailside Museum Monroe H house built in 1709 and 1715 6 22 the most significant extant Gothic Revival n o 202 Yorktown house in America. (NHL) 94 s Dutch Reformed Church, 125 Grand St., d Peekskill 35 Ridgefield u 35 Newburgh, —Greek Revival church H ’s Sunnyside, West l 7 i s a designed by Alexander Jackson Davis (NHL) r d New Katonah Sunnyside Lane, off U.S. 9, Tarrytown, T n a Lake Van Cortlandt Croton n l 17A Interior closed. a h Tiorati Res. i Warwick 9 Manor hudsonvalley.org—In the 1830s, the author g h i y c Stony a Pound a H w Mount l Harriman P k of “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” created r a Sterling a Point Kisco Ridge a p l i Boscobel, 1601 Route 9D, Garrison, bosco- p s Croton-on- P A Sterling Lake a r T

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City Irving’s tales and brings to life his literary

r P k by States Morris Dyckman, a loyalist during a w NORWALK r k a legacy. (NHL) y w Sleepy the , Boscobel reflects a Spring y Hollow 87 ( 287 P Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area Valley IP the style and detail of impressive London ) 15 Philipse Manor Hall, 29 Warburton Ave. Suffern NYACK The Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area is a federally STAMFORD residences. The house, which originally (at Dock St.), Yonkers, nysparks.com—This Kykuit 95 funded program created by Congress in 1996. The mission of the Nanuet stood about 15 miles to the south, was 87 Anglo-Dutch Baroque house, constructed 287 287 TARRYTOWN Heritage Area is to recognize, preserve, protect, and interpret Pearl 9W River Lyndhurst saved by preservationists. in three phases between the 1680s and the nationally significant cultural and natural resources of the 287 Purchase , boasts the earliest known east coast Lake Piermont Sunnyside GREENWICH D United States Military Academy, West Hudson River Valley for the benefit of the nation. The Heritage y k Tappan a N o example of an in situ papier-mâché Rococo w o N.J. r k U Point usma.edu—The nation’s oldest Area and the Service funded the production of this r B a WHITE 287 y 87 O n P ceiling from the 1750s, wood carvings by a i PLAINS a S w e military school with buildings by Richard map and guide. Please send your comments or map revisions to ) r t k p a 22 r P t I S r a e D Henry Hardcastle, and a Gothic Revival S 208 Oradell P v

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Hudson River Valley Greenway, 625 Broadway, 4th Floor, Hastings-on- R Morris Hunt, McKim, Mead and White, e N

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a Hudson n y t a RYE chamber designed in 1869. The Manor Hall hi w A w

Albany, NY 12207; call 518-473-3835; or S tc k r and Cram, Goodhue and Ferguson (NHL) k u a L r E P n H a S e 9 was frequented by P I d email [email protected]. r e a t D G a G and was an inspiration for his Mount t Bear Mountain Inn & Trailside Museum, hudsonrivervalley.com s PARAMUS r YONKERS N Philipse e A 95 t 208 n O Vernon. 20 Manor I Bear Mountain, nysparks.com—At Bear S MT. VERNON L Hudson River Valley PATERSON 4 s North Hall e d Mountain State Park, architect Herbert National Heritage Area I NEW ROCHELLE Englewood a s boundary 80 i NHL = National Historic Landmark l HACKENSACK a L Maier created the nation’s first trailside P NHS = National Historic Site Huntington A Glen Cove y museum, a low, single-story building with a 95 Oyster w 80 k P Bay Huntington r a 95 Station a veneer of natural boulders set in a P

Long Path e Passaic Caldwell t 95 Port a Syosset Woodbury battered, sloping fashion. Visitors follow a t

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n e 9A 87 path up the hill from the boathouse and d r 295 a 678

G through the building. The idea of diminish- 01 5 10 Kilometers 495 280 95 95 ing the barrier between the park and the This brochure was produced by historian-writer 0 15 10 Miles 3 museum set a precedent for rustic buildings Sarah Allaback; editor Bruce Hopkins; Kirilloff throughout the . Design; and Mapping Specialists. 2006

495 Updated in 2016

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