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Beginning Portable Shell Scripting from Novice to Professional
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting From Novice to Professional Peter Seebach 10436fmfinal 1 10/23/08 10:40:24 PM Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional Copyright © 2008 by Peter Seebach All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1043-6 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-4302-1043-5 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1044-3 ISBN-10 (electronic): 1-4302-1044-3 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Frank Pohlmann Technical Reviewer: Gary V. Vaughan Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Project Manager: Richard Dal Porto Copy Editor: Kim Benbow Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Katie Stence Compositor: Linda Weidemann, Wolf Creek Press Proofreader: Dan Shaw Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. -
Introduction to Unix
Introduction to Unix Rob Funk <[email protected]> University Technology Services Workstation Support http://wks.uts.ohio-state.edu/ University Technology Services Course Objectives • basic background in Unix structure • knowledge of getting started • directory navigation and control • file maintenance and display commands • shells • Unix features • text processing University Technology Services Course Objectives Useful commands • working with files • system resources • printing • vi editor University Technology Services In the Introduction to UNIX document 3 • shell programming • Unix command summary tables • short Unix bibliography (also see web site) We will not, however, be covering these topics in the lecture. Numbers on slides indicate page number in book. University Technology Services History of Unix 7–8 1960s multics project (MIT, GE, AT&T) 1970s AT&T Bell Labs 1970s/80s UC Berkeley 1980s DOS imitated many Unix ideas Commercial Unix fragmentation GNU Project 1990s Linux now Unix is widespread and available from many sources, both free and commercial University Technology Services Unix Systems 7–8 SunOS/Solaris Sun Microsystems Digital Unix (Tru64) Digital/Compaq HP-UX Hewlett Packard Irix SGI UNICOS Cray NetBSD, FreeBSD UC Berkeley / the Net Linux Linus Torvalds / the Net University Technology Services Unix Philosophy • Multiuser / Multitasking • Toolbox approach • Flexibility / Freedom • Conciseness • Everything is a file • File system has places, processes have life • Designed by programmers for programmers University Technology Services -
Ardpower Documentation Release V1.2.0
ardPower Documentation Release v1.2.0 Anirban Roy Das Sep 27, 2017 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Screenshot 3 3 Documentaion 5 3.1 Overview.................................................5 3.2 Installation................................................7 3.3 Usage................................................... 12 4 Indices and tables 13 i ii CHAPTER 1 Introduction Its a custom Oh-My-Zsh Theme inspired by many custom themes suited for a perfect ZSH Environment under Byobu with Tmux Backend. 1 ardPower Documentation, Release v1.2.0 2 Chapter 1. Introduction 3 ardPower Documentation, Release v1.2.0 CHAPTER 2 Screenshot 4 Chapter 2. Screenshot CHAPTER 3 Documentaion You can also find PDF version of the documentation here. Overview We will start with understanding the individual components of an entire CLI. Generally we don’t put much attention to what we do. We just fire up a terminal or some say sheel and start typing our commands and get the result. That’s all. But there are a lot of things that goes behind all this. Terminal The very first component is the Terminal. So what is a Terminal? A terminal emulator, terminal application, term, or tty for short, is a program that emulates a video ter- minal within some other display architecture. Though typically synonymous with a shell or text terminal, the term terminal covers all remote terminals, including graphical interfaces. A terminal emulator inside a graphical user interface is often called a terminal window.A terminal window allows the user access to a text terminal and all its applications such as command-line interfaces (CLI) and text user interface (TUI) applications. -
The Community Is the Infrastructure: a Short Discussion of the Petsc Community
The Community is the Infrastructure: A Short Discussion of the PETSc Community Mark Adams1, Jed Brown2, Satish Balay3, Victor Eijkhout4, Jacob Faibussowitsch5, Fande Kong6, Matthew Knepley7, Scott Kruger8, Oana Marin3, Richard Tran Mills3, Todd Munson3, Patrick Sanan9, Barry F. Smith10, Hong Zhang11, Hong Zhang3, and Junchao Zhang3 1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2University of Colorado at Boulder 3Argonne National Laboratory 4The University of Texas at Austin 5University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 6Idaho National Laboratory 7University of New York at Buffalo 8Tech-X Corporation 9ETH Zurich 10Argonne Associate, Argonne National Laboratory 11Illinois Institute of Technology July 5, 2021 Abstract Hard and soft infrastructure work in tandem to accomplish a particular enterprise. Soft infras- tructure { the formal and informal culture, institutions, standards, practices, and procedures that support an enterprise { is often more important to human endeavors than hard infrastructure. For example, a highway system's hard infrastructure (e.g., the roads) could not satisfy its enterprise { effective transportation | without the corresponding soft infrastructure of regulations, policing, driver habits, maintenance crews, and so forth. The relative cost and importance of the different aspects of infrastructure evolves, particularly during the development stages, from planning, to construction, to commissioning, operation, maintenance, and upgrading. The design, development, support, and dissemination of computer software is an archetypal example of soft infrastructure, regularly being the tail that wags the dog of computer hardware (prototypical hard infrastructure). Quantifying soft infrastructure is more difficult than hard in- frastructure. Thus, it is often ignored or under-emphasized when analyzing or proposing changes to human-developed systems. In particular, government understanding and funding of scientific soft infrastructure lags well behind that of hard infrastructure (for example, experimental devices such as accelerators). -
Unix Shell Programming – by Dinesh Kumar S
1 Unix Shell Programming – by Dinesh Kumar S PDF by http://www.k2pdf.com Contents Chapters Topic Page no. Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 2 SSH Client 4 Chapter 3 Unix Shells 8 Chapter 4 Text Editors 11 Chapter 5 A Beginning to Shell Scripting 19 Chapter 6 Operators 33 Chapter 7 Variables Manipulation (Advance) 39 Chapter 8 Conditional Statements 43 Chapter 9 Looping Statements 47 Chapter 10 Control Statements 74 Chapter 11 Functions 79 2 Unix Shell Programming – by Dinesh Kumar S Chapter 1 Introduction Linux : It is an operating system based on UNIX . Kernel : It is the backbone of Linux OS, which is used to manage resources of Linux OS like memory, I/O, software, hardware management processes. User Shell Script Kernel PC h/w User writes script. Script contains instructions. Kernel interprets the instruction in machine language. As per the instruction kernel controls the PC hardware. Shell script : It’s a collection of OS commands or instructions. Advantages of Shell Script : Script is always a platform independent. Performance will be faster than programming languages. Very easy to debug. 3 Unix Shell Programming – by Dinesh Kumar S Chapter 2 SSH Client Secure Shell (or) SSH is a network protocol that is used to exchange or share information between two different networks. This is used on Linux & UNIX systems to access SHELL accounts. All the information exchanged/transmitted between networks is encrypted . It uses public key cryptography to authenticate remote computer user. Free Serial, Telnet, and SSH client Putty Tera Term Putty : It is a terminal emulator application which acts as client for SSH, Telnet, rLogin. -
Chapter 4 Editors and Debugging Systems
Chapter 4 Editors and Debugging Systems This Chapter gives you… Text editors Interactive Debugging Systems 4.0 Introduction An Interactive text editor has become an important part of almost any computing environment. Text editor acts as a primary interface to the computer for all type of “knowledge workers” as they compose, organize, study, and manipulate computer-based information. An interactive debugging system provides programmers with facilities that aid in testing and debugging of programs. Many such systems are available during these days. Our discussion is broad in scope, giving the overview of interactive debugging systems – not specific to any particular existing system. 4.1 Text Editors An Interactive text editor has become an important part of almost any computing environment. Text editor acts as a primary interface to the computer for all type of “knowledge workers” as they compose, organize, study, and manipulate computer-based information. A text editor allows you to edit a text file (create, modify etc…). For example the Interactive text editors on Windows OS - Notepad, WordPad, Microsoft Word, and text editors on UNIX OS - vi, emacs, jed, pico. Normally, the common editing features associated with text editors are, Moving the cursor, Deleting, Replacing, Pasting, Searching, Searching and replacing, Saving and loading, and, Miscellaneous(e.g. quitting). 4.1.1 Overview of the editing process An interactive editor is a computer program that allows a user to create and revise a target document. Document includes objects such as computer diagrams, text, equations tables, diagrams, line art, and photographs. Here we restrict to text editors, where character strings are the primary elements of the target text. -
Linux-Cookbook.Pdf
LINUX COOKBOOK ™ Other Linux resources from O’Reilly Related titles Linux Device Drivers Exploring the JDS Linux Linux in a Nutshell Desktop Running Linux Learning Red Hat Enterprise Building Embedded Linux Linux and Fedora Systems Linux Pocket Guide Linux Security Cookbook Understanding the Linux Kernel Linux Books linux.oreilly.com is a complete catalog of O’Reilly’s books on Resource Center Linux and Unix and related technologies, including sample chapters and code examples. ONLamp.com is the premier site for the open source web plat- form: Linux, Apache, MySQL, and either Perl, Python, or PHP. Conferences O’Reilly brings diverse innovators together to nurture the ideas that spark revolutionary industries. We specialize in document- ing the latest tools and systems, translating the innovator’s knowledge into useful skills for those in the trenches. Visit conferences.oreilly.com for our upcoming events. Safari Bookshelf (safari.oreilly.com) is the premier online refer- ence library for programmers and IT professionals. Conduct searches across more than 1,000 books. Subscribers can zero in on answers to time-critical questions in a matter of seconds. Read the books on your Bookshelf from cover to cover or sim- ply flip to the page you need. Try it today with a free trial. LINUX COOKBOOK ™ Carla Schroder Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo Linux Cookbook™ by Carla Schroder Copyright © 2005 O’Reilly Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. -
GNOME 1.2 Desktop COMEBACK of THE
GNOME SOFTWARE GNOME 1.2 Desktop COMEBACK OF THE Ignored by many GNOME users and prematurely ANDREAS HUCHLER written-off by some distributions the GNOME desktop environment fights back with a new version. Here, we take a look at the most important components of Helix GNOME 1.2 to help you decide if an upgrade or new installation is worthwhile. About four years ago a group of Linux enthusiasts elements to be produced in a similar easy manner. on the Internet got together with the aim of devel- The differences were not resolved, so in the end oping a graphical user interface for Linux that would some of the developers decided to support the Qt- Helixcode stand comparison with Windows and Mac OS. based KDE project whilst the others started to cre- The American firm Helixcode, It’s true that at that time there were already sev- ate the gtk-based GNOME project. Inc. (http://www.helixcode.com) eral window managers – for example, fvwm2 and cofounded by GNOME evange- Afterstep – for the X interface; with CDE a desktop Co-operation list and author of Midnight environment was even available. However, these Commander Miguel de Icaza, solutions all had disadvantages – the window man- Over time, not least because of the subsequent has made it its goal to help agers had so session management nor support for open source licensing of Qt, the former rivalry GNOME break through as an drag and drop; CDE was commercial and obsolete – between the two projects gave way to a spirit of co- Internet desktop. In addition so there was a real need for a new graphical inter- operation. -
The GNU General Public License and the Zero-Price-Fixing Problem
Michigan Law Review Volume 104 Issue 3 2005 What's So Great about Nothing? The GNU General Public License and the Zero-Price-Fixing Problem Heidi S. Bond University of Michigan Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, and the Computer Law Commons Recommended Citation Heidi S. Bond, What's So Great about Nothing? The GNU General Public License and the Zero-Price-Fixing Problem, 104 MICH. L. REV. 547 (2005). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol104/iss3/4 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE What's So Great about Nothing? The GNU General Public License and the Zero-Price-Fixing Problem * Heidi S. Bond TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .. ........................................ ............................. ............... 548 I. THE GPL's PRICING RESTRAINT SHOULD BE EVALUATED UNDER THE RULE OF REASON ............................. 556 A. The GP L's Pricing Restraint Is Needed to Allow the Free Exchange of Software.......................................... 558 B. Freely Exchanged Software Is a New Product Allowing Software Evolution....................... ............... ....... 560 II. A PRICE OF NOTHING ON SUBSEQUENT DISTRIBUTIONS DEMONSTRATES THAT THE GOAL Is Nor TO RESTRAIN COMPETITION .......................................................... 562 A. Broadcast Music: A Framework for Evaluating Nothing ........................................................... 562 B. Applying the Broadcast Music Framework to the GPL. .... 564 Ill. -
1.1 X Client/Server
เดสกทอปลินุกซ เทพพิทักษ การุญบุญญานันท 2 สารบัญ 1 ระบบ X Window 5 1.1 ระบบ X Client/Server . 5 1.2 Window Manager . 6 1.3 Desktop Environment . 7 2 การปรับแตง GNOME 11 2.1 การติดตั้งฟอนต . 11 2.2 GConf . 12 2.3 การแสดงตัวอักษร . 13 2.4 พื้นหลัง . 15 2.5 Theme . 16 2.6 เมนู/ทูลบาร . 17 2.7 แปนพิมพ . 18 2.8 เมาส . 20 3 4 บทที่ 1 ระบบ X Window ระบบ GUI ที่อยูคูกับยูนิกซมมานานคือระบบ X Window ซึ่งพัฒนาโดยโครงการ Athena ที่ MIT รวมกับบริษัท Digital Equipment Corporation และบริษัทเอกชนจำนวนหนึ่ง ปจจุบัน X Window ดูแลโดย Open Group เปนระบบที่เปดทั้งในเรื่องโปรโตคอลและซอรสโคด ขณะที่เขียนเอกสารฉบับนี้ เวอรชันลาสุดของ X Window คือ เวอรชัน 11 รีลีส 6.6 (เรียกสั้นๆ วา X11R6.6) สำหรับลินุกซและระบบปฏิบัติการในตระกูลยูนิกซที่ทำงานบน PC ระบบ X Window ที่ใชจะมาจาก โครงการ XFree86 ซึ่งพัฒนาไดรเวอรสำหรับอุปกรณกราฟกตางๆ ที่ใชกับเครื่อง PC รุนลาสุดขณะที่ เขียนเอกสารนี้คือ 4.3.0 1.1 ระบบ X Client/Server X Window เปนระบบที่ทำงานผานระบบเครือขาย โดยแยกเปนสวน X client และ X server สื่อสาร กันผาน X protocol ดังนั้น โปรแกรมที่ทำงานบน X Window จะสามารถแสดงผลบนระบบปฏิบัติการ ที่ตางชนิดกันก็ได ตราบใดที่ระบบนั้นสามารถใหบริการผาน X protocol ได X client ไดแกโปรแกรมประยุกตตางๆ ที่จะขอใชบริการจาก X server ในการติดตอกับฮารดแวร เชน จอภาพ แปนพิมพ เมาส ฯลฯ ดังนั้น X server จึงทำงานอยูบนเครื่องที่อยูใกลผูใชเสมอ ในขณะที่ X client อาจอยูในเครื่องเดียวกันหรืออยูในเครื่องใดเครื่องหนึ่งในระบบเครือขายก็ได X client จะติดตอกับ X server ดวยการเรียก X library (เรียกสั้นๆ วา Xlib) API ตางๆ ใน Xlib มีหนาที่แปลงการเรียกฟงกชันแตละครั้งใหเปน request ในรูปของ X protocol เพื่อสงไปยัง X server -
Co-Ordination of the Nuclear Reaction Data Centers
XA9743324 Internotional Atomic Energy Agency INDC(NDS)-360 Distr. G,NC I N DC INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR DATA COMMITTEE Co-ordination of the Nuclear Reaction Data Centers Report on an IAEA Advisory Group Meeting hosted by the U.S. National Nuclear Data Center on behalf of the U.S. Government Brookhaven, 3-7 June 1996 Edited by O. Schwerer and H.D. Lemmel November 1996 IAEA NUCLEAR DATA SECTION, WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, A-1400 VIENNA Printed by the IAEA in Austria November 1996 INDC(NDS)-360 Distr. G,NC Co-ordination of the Nuclear Reaction Data Centers Report on an IAEA Advisory Group Meeting hosted by the U.S. National Nuclear Data Center on behalf of the U.S. Government Brookhaven, 3-7 June 1996 Abstract: This report summarizes the 1996 co-ordination meeting in Brookhaven, U.S.A., of the national and regional nuclear reaction data centers, convened by the IAEA at regular intervals. The main topics are - the international exchange of nuclear reaction data by means of the "EXFOR" system, and the further development of this system, the "CINDA" system as an international index and bibliography to neutron reaction data, the sharing of the workload for speedy and reliable nuclear data compilation and data center services, the exchange and documentation of evaluated data libraries in "ENDF" format, the rapid advances of online electronic information technologies, with the goal of rendering data center services to data users in IAEA Member States by means of computer retrievals, online services and printed materials. The scope of data covers microscopic cross-sections and related parameters of nuclear reactions induced by neutrons, charged-particles and photons. -
SAS on Unix/Linux- from the Terminal to GUI
SAS on Unix/Linux- from the terminal to GUI. L Gakava & S Kannan – October 2015 Agenda All about the terminal o Customising your terminal o Basic Linux terminal commands o Running SAS in non-interactive mode o Available SAS file editors o What to look out for on Unix/Linux platform All about Graphical User Interface (GUI) o Launching SAS GUI. o Changing SAS default behaviour o SAS ToolBox commands o SAS editor commands. Motivation - Why Use SAS On Unix/Linux? Using SAS on UNIX/Linux Platform o Company migrating to UNIX/Linux o Joining a company which is using SAS on the Linux platform Challenge Too many commands to learn! Why Use SAS On Unix/Linux o Customising Linux sessions will ensure you increase work efficiency by taking advantage of the imbedded Linux tools. In general transferring and running large files will be quicker in Linux compared to PC*. Terminal What to expect when you login? % pwd /home/username % ls Customise: Update .bashrc file with this line PS1='$IV $PWD$EE> ' will change your prompt to show the following: /home/username> Terminal Navigation Command Meaning ls list files and directories ls -a list all files and directories mkdir make a directory cd directory change to named directory cd change to home-directory cd ~ change to home-directory cd .. change to parent directory Terminal Navigation Command Meaning cp file1 file2 copy file1 and call it file2 mv file1 file2 move or rename file1 to file2 rm file remove a file rmdir directory remove a directory cat file display a file less file display a file a page at a time head file display the first few lines of a file tail file display the last few lines of a file grep 'keyword' file search a file for keywords count number of lines/words/ wc file characters in file Terminal useful commands How do you find out if a version of a file has changed? /home/username>diff file1.txt file2.txt Command to compare two files.