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State of the Environment Report: Fisheries of Lake Malombe, Malawi FISHERIES INTEGRATION of SOCIETY and HABITATS (FISH) PROJECT

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State of the Environment Report: Fisheries of Lake Malombe, Malawi FISHERIES INTEGRATION of SOCIETY and HABITATS (FISH) PROJECT State of the Environment Report: Fisheries of Lake Malombe, Malawi FISHERIES INTEGRATION OF SOCIETY AND HABITATS (FISH) PROJECT AWARD NUMBER: AID-612-A-14-00004 PACT IS A PROMISE of a better tomorrow for all those who are poor and marginalized. Working in partnership to develop local solutions that enable people to own their own future, Pact helps people and communities build their own capacity to generate income, improve access to quality health services, and gain lasting benefit from the sustainable use of the natural resources around them. At work in more than 30 countries, Pact is building local promise with an integrated, adaptive approach that is shaping the future of international development. Visit us at www.pactworld.org. Authority/ Disclaimer: Prepared under Cooperative Agreement NO. AID-612-A-14-00004 awarded to Pact and entitled; the Malawi Fisheries Integration of Society and Habitats Project. This document is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the FISH Project team as such are not intended as statements of policy of either USAID or the cooperating organizations and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. For more information on the report and FISH Project contact: Dr. Daniel Jamu FISH, Deputy Chief of Party (Programs): [email protected] Dr. Elin Torell, Associate Coastal Manager: [email protected] Alan Brooks FISH, Chief of Party: [email protected] Pact Pact Malawi COVER PHOTO: 1828 L Street NW, Suite 300 1st Floor, Amina House Washington, DC 20036, USA Fish on drying rack at one P.O. Box 1013 +1-202-466-5666 of the Fish processing sites Lilongwe, Malawi E-mail: [email protected] in Mangochi Phone: 01751220; 01751201 Credit: Maggie Dougherty CONTENT 1 ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................... ii 2 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 3 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 2 3.1 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 2 4 Main findings .......................................................................................................................... 4 4.1 Fish Diversity and Distribution ........................................................................................ 4 4.2 Habitat Types ................................................................................................................... 4 4.3 Fish Breeding Habitats ..................................................................................................... 4 4.4 Nursery Grounds .............................................................................................................. 5 4.5 Juvenile and Adult Feeding Habitat ................................................................................. 5 4.6 Trends in Small Scale Fisheries ..................................................................................... 10 4.7 Summary of Frame Survey Results ................................................................................ 12 4.8 Threats, Stressors, Drivers, Contributing Factors and Impacts ...................................... 15 4.9 Climate Change Vulnerability ........................................................................................ 16 4.10 Community Performance Index.................................................................................. 17 4.11 Applied Political Economic Analysis ......................................................................... 18 4.12 Good Governance Barometer of Fisheries Co-management ...................................... 19 5 Opportunities for Action2 ...................................................................................................... 21 5.1 Opportunities to reduce illegal fishing and improve fisheries management .................. 21 5.2 Opportunities to improve aquatic habitat management and land management within the catchment .................................................................................................................................. 21 5.3 Actions to improve resiliency to climate change ........................................................... 22 6 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 23 i 1 ACRONYMS ADC Area Development Committee APEA Applied Political Economic Analysis BVC Beach Village Committee CPI Community Performance Index CSA Climate Smart Agriculture DoF Department of Fisheries DFO District Fisheries Officer EAP Environmental Action Plans EAV Emerged Aquatic Vegetation ETOA Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment FA Fisheries Associations FGD focus group discussions FISH Fisheries Integration of Society and Habitats FSTAP Fisheries Science and Technical Advisory Panel GGB Good Governance Barometer GIS Geographic Information System GoM Government of Malawi IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LEK local ecological knowledge LFMA Local Fisheries Management Authority LFMP Local Fisheries Management Plan MT Metric tonnes PFM Participatory Fisheries Management PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal PVCA Participatory Vulnerability Capacity Assessment RVC River Village Committees SAV Submerged Aquatic Vegetation SEA southeast arm SOER State of the Environment Report TA Traditional Authority USAID United States Agency for International Development VDC Village Development Committees VLSA Village Savings and Loans Associations ii 2 BACKGROUND The State of the Environment Report (SOER) of Lake Malombe is meant to be a guide to the fishery chapter in the national and district level SOER, illustrating the trends in the status of the fishery, the anthropogenic pressures on the various stocks, and the outcome of various actions in response to drivers. The aim is to make recommendations for both the national and district Environmental Action Plans (EAPs) and contribute towards the ecosystem based management plan for Lake Malombe as part of step 5 of Participatory Fisheries Management (PFM). 1 3 INTRODUCTION The Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment (ETOA) was prepared by the USAID funded Fisheries Integration of Society and Habitats (FISH) project in 2015 (CRC 2015) and provides a detailed assessment of aquatic biodiversity assets and threats in the southeast arm (SEA) of Lake Malawi, Lake Malombe, Lake Chilwa, and Lake Chiuta, including the shorelines to 10 km inland. The ETOA identified the drivers and threats to biodiversity change in each lake ecosystem, impacts to the ecosystem, and societal responses to threats. The ETOA is akin to a SOER in that it takes pressure, state, and response indicators into consideration. It represents more than an overview consideration of issues, and is based on an in-depth fact gathering process that included visits and profiling of 18 specific lake communities (Figure 1). The four PRA community profiles conducted around Lake Malombe included Chisumbi, Likulungwa, Mwalija, and Nalikolo villages. The data collection was supervised by the University of Rhode Island, Coastal Resources Center and conducted by a trained local assessment team composed of FISH project staff and district fisheries officers from the Department of Fisheries. 3.1 Methodology The status, trends, drivers and threats to each of the lake systems were evaluated separately using a uniform methodology applied to all lakes that included: • A comprehensive review of both formally published and grey literature, and compilation of a bibliography of published materials for each lake • Collection of all available layers of spatially coded data to prepare GIS maps • Collection and follow-up validation of local ecological knowledge (LEK) in 18 communities from all lakes, and 4 from around Lake Malombe, through focus group discussions (FGD) with Beach Village Committee (BVC) members on a) spatial features of each lake in terms of key habitat and fisheries, b) threats, c) drivers, d) impacts, and e) responses • A two-day workshop of 30 participants pooled together experts on each of the lake systems and provided key informant validation and inputs to the findings from the field work Figure 1: Locations of the 18 communities visited during the two-stage PRA activities implemented as part of the development of this ETOA. 2 The habitat, fishery, and land feature maps and GIS layers produced in the ETOA exercise provide an important baseline on environmental condition, trends, and threats. The community profiles and spatial data represent a valuable resource for planning and setting priorities for ecosystem management. This document summarizes the main findings and action opportunities for Lake Malombe to help inform the fisheries chapter of the next State of the Environment Report (SOER) both national and Mangochi District, and provides recommendations for the environmental action plans. Photo 1: PRA participants assist in the spatial profiling of their communities. 3 4 MAIN FINDINGS 4.1 Fish Diversity and Distribution A total of 47 fish species has been documented within Lake Malombe belonging to the Anguillidae, Bagridae, Characidae,
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