Systematics of the Arctioid Group: Disentangling Arctium and Cousinia (Cardueae, Carduinae)
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Ecological Implications of Cousinia Cass.(Asteraceae) Persistence Through the Last Two Glacial–Interglacial Cycles in the Continental Middle East for the Irano-Turanian Flora
Ecological implications of Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) persistence through the last two glacial–interglacial cycles in the continental Middle East for the Irano- Turanian flora Morteza Djamali a,c*, Alex Baumel a, Simon Brewer b, Stephen T. Jackson b,c, Joachim W. Kadereit d, Sara López-Vinyallonga e, Iraj Mehregan f, Esmaeil Shabanian g, Aleksandra Simakova a Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie (IMBE UMR CNRS 7263), Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, Bâtiment Villemin BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, Cedex 04, France b Department of Botany 3165, 1000 E. University Ave., University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA c Program in Ecology, Berry Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA d Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany e Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdias. n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain f Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran g CEREGE–UMR CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, IRD, Collège de France, Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, Cedex 04, France h Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzevskii 7, Moscow, 119017 Russia Abstract This study explores the response of the Irano-Turanian flora to Quaternary glacial– interglacial cycles in SW Asia. We use new fossil pollen data to assess variation in abundance of Cousinia Cass. (Compositae), a large genus typical for the Irano- Turanian flora, during these cycles. The results are compared with modern topography, tectonic and palaeoclimatic history, and recent phylogenetic data to explain the extremely high speciation rate and level of endemism as well as the modern geographical distribution of the genus. -
Phylogeny and Evolution of the Arctium-Cousinia Complex (Compositae, Cardueae-Carduinae)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC TAXON 58 (1) • February 2009: 153–171 López-Vinyallonga & al. • Arctium-Cousinia complex Phylogeny and evolution of the Arctium-Cousinia complex (Compositae, Cardueae-Carduinae) Sara López-Vinyallonga1,4*, Iraj Mehregan2,4, Núria Garcia-Jacas1, Olga Tscherneva3, Alfonso Susanna1 & Joachim W. Kadereit2 1 Botanical Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia s. n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain. *slopez@ibb. csic.es (author for correspondence) 2 Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, 55099 Mainz, Germany 3 Komarov Botanical Institute, Ul. Prof. Popova 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 4 These authors contributed equally to this publication The phylogeny and evolution of the Arctium-Cousinia complex, including Arctium, Cousinia as one of the largest genera of Asteraceae, Hypacanthium and Schmalhausenia, is investigated. This group of genera has its highest diversity in the Irano-Turanian region and the mountains of Central Asia. We generated ITS and rpS4-trnT-trnL sequences for altogether 138 species, including 129 (of ca. 600) species of Cousinia. As found in previous analyses, Cousinia is not monophyletic. Instead, Cousinia subgg. Cynaroides and Hypacanthodes with together ca. 30 species are more closely related to Arctium, Hypacanthium and Schmalhausenia (Arc- tioid clade) than to subg. Cousinia (Cousinioid clade). The Arctioid and Cousiniod clades are also supported by pollen morphology and chromosome number as reported earlier. In the Arctioid clade, the distribution of morphological characters important for generic delimitation, mainly leaf shape and armature and morphology of involucral bracts, are highly incongruent with phylogenetic relationships as implied by the molecular data. -
Diversity and Resource Choice of Flower-Visiting Insects in Relation to Pollen Nutritional Quality and Land Use
Diversity and resource choice of flower-visiting insects in relation to pollen nutritional quality and land use Diversität und Ressourcennutzung Blüten besuchender Insekten in Abhängigkeit von Pollenqualität und Landnutzung Vom Fachbereich Biologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl. Biologin Christiane Natalie Weiner aus Köln Berichterstatter (1. Referent): Prof. Dr. Nico Blüthgen Mitberichterstatter (2. Referent): Prof. Dr. Andreas Jürgens Tag der Einreichung: 26.02.2016 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.04.2016 Darmstadt 2016 D17 2 Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit ehrenwörtlich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit entsprechend den Regeln guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis selbständig und ohne unzulässige Hilfe Dritter angefertigt habe. Sämtliche aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommene Gedanken sowie sämtliche von Anderen direkt oder indirekt übernommene Daten, Techniken und Materialien sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher keiner anderen Hochschule zu Prüfungszwecken eingereicht. Osterholz-Scharmbeck, den 24.02.2016 3 4 My doctoral thesis is based on the following manuscripts: Weiner, C.N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. (2011): Land-use intensity in grasslands: changes in biodiversity, species composition and specialization in flower-visitor networks. Basic and Applied Ecology 12 (4), 292-299. Weiner, C.N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. (2014): Land-use impacts on plant-pollinator networks: interaction strength and specialization predict pollinator declines. Ecology 95, 466–474. Weiner, C.N., Werner, M , Blüthgen, N. (in prep.): Land-use intensification triggers diversity loss in pollination networks: Regional distinctions between three different German bioregions Weiner, C.N., Hilpert, A., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. -
Common Burdock Arctium Minus
Common Burdock Arctium minus Name: Arctium minus Common name(s): Wild Rhubarb, Burweed, Beggar’s Buttons, Cocklebur Family: Asteraceae (Aster/Sunflower Family) Native: Europe United States Distribution Map native(adapted fromintroduced data available at https://plants.usda.gov)both absent/unreported native, no county data introduced, no county data both, no county data Arctium minus in bloom. Plant Profile: Habitat: Waste areas, disturbed areas, gardens, open fields, ditches. Loves full sun. Leaf Shape: Ovate (egg-shaped, oval). Extremely large basal leaves—up to 20 inches long by 12 inches wide. Leaf Margins: Entire, lobed, or sometimes toothed. Mature basal leaves extremely wavy. Leaf Alternate along flower stalk. Arrangement: Flower: ¾-inch round flower heads are made up of many hooked barbs (bracts) on the bottom (that form the burr) and a cluster of erect purplish tubular flowers (disk flowers) on top that give the flower head a thistle-like shaving brush appearance. Height: Second year flower stalk can grow up to 5 feet tall. Life cycle: Biennial. Basal rosette of large leaves first year, then branched flower stalk in year two. Distinct “shaving brush” purple flower with many hooked bracts underneath. This product is authorized for private use only. All other rights are reserved. Unless expressly authorized by law or in writing by copyright owner, any copying distribution or Common Burdock 1 any other use of this product or any part of it is strictly prohibited. Unauthorized distribution or reproduction may result in severe criminal and civil penalties. Common Burdock Arctium minus Creek’s Commentary The bane of all wool producers is Burdock’s hallmark parts of Burdock get bitter fairly quickly as the plant identifying feature, the small circular cockleburs matures. -
Systematics, Phylogeny and Biogeography of Cousinia (Asteraceae)
SYSTEMATICS, PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF COUSINIA (ASTERACEAE) Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften am Fachbereich Biologie der Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Iraj Mehregan geb. in Gachsaran, Iran Mainz, 2008 Dekan: 1. Berichterstatter: 2. Berichterstatter: Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 10. 07. 2008 II Kapitel 2 (chapter 2) dieser Arbeit ist im Druck bei “Taxon“: López‐Vinyallonga, S., Mehregan, I.*, Garcia‐Jacas, N., Tscherneva, O., Susanna, A. & Kadereit, J. W.*: Phylogeny and evolution of the Arctium‐Cousinia complex (Compositae, Cardueae‐Carduinae). * Von den Autoren Mehregan, I und Kadereit, J. W.: Die Generation der ITS‐Sequenzen von 113 Taxa (Appendix 1), die Bayesische Analyse der ITS‐ und rpS4‐trnT‐trnL‐Sequenzen, das Rechnen der Molekularen Uhr sowie der Partition‐Hemogenity Test und die Analyse des Cousinioid Clade wurde in Rahmen dieser Dissertation ausgeführt. Das Manuskript wurde in Zusammenarbeit aller Autoren geschrieben. Kapitel 3 (chapter 3) diese Arbeit wird bei “Willdenowia” eingereicht: Mehregan, I. & Kadereit, J. W.: The role of hybridization in the evolution of Cousinia s.s. (Asteraceae). Kapitel 4 (chapter 4) dieser Arbeit ist im Druck bei “Willdenowia“: Mehregan, I. & Kadereit, J. W.: Taxonomic revision of Cousinia sect. Cynaroideae. III Contents SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................................1 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG .....................................................................................................................................................2 -
Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise. -
PLANTS of PEEBLESSHIRE (Vice-County 78)
PLANTS OF PEEBLESSHIRE (Vice-county 78) A CHECKLIST OF FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS David J McCosh 2012 Cover photograph: Sedum villosum, FJ Roberts Cover design: L Cranmer Copyright DJ McCosh Privately published DJ McCosh Holt Norfolk 2012 2 Neidpath Castle Its rocks and grassland are home to scarce plants 3 4 Contents Introduction 1 History of Plant Recording 1 Geographical Scope and Physical Features 2 Characteristics of the Flora 3 Sources referred to 5 Conventions, Initials and Abbreviations 6 Plant List 9 Index of Genera 101 5 Peeblesshire (v-c 78), showing main geographical features 6 Introduction This book summarises current knowledge about the distribution of wild flowers in Peeblesshire. It is largely the fruit of many pleasant hours of botanising by the author and a few others and as such reflects their particular interests. History of Plant Recording Peeblesshire is thinly populated and has had few resident botanists to record its flora. Also its upland terrain held little in the way of dramatic features or geology to attract outside botanists. Consequently the first list of the county’s flora with any pretension to completeness only became available in 1925 with the publication of the History of Peeblesshire (Eds, JW Buchan and H Paton). For this FRS Balfour and AB Jackson provided a chapter on the county’s flora which included a list of all the species known to occur. The first records were made by Dr A Pennecuik in 1715. He gave localities for 30 species and listed 8 others, most of which are still to be found. Thereafter for some 140 years the only evidence of interest is a few specimens in the national herbaria and scattered records in Lightfoot (1778), Watson (1837) and The New Statistical Account (1834-45). -
Overview of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects, Pharmacokinetic Properties
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2018) 39: 787–801 © 2018 CPS and SIMM All rights reserved 1671-4083/18 www.nature.com/aps Review Article Overview of the anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacies of arctigenin and arctiin from Arctium lappa L Qiong GAO, Mengbi YANG, Zhong ZUO* School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China Abstract Arctigenin (AR) and its glycoside, arctiin, are two major active ingredients of Arctium lappa L (A lappa), a popular medicinal herb and health supplement frequently used in Asia. In the past several decades, bioactive components from A lappa have attracted the attention of researchers due to their promising therapeutic effects. In the current article, we aimed to provide an overview of the pharmacology of AR and arctiin, focusing on their anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetics properties and clinical efficacies. Compared to acrtiin, AR was reported as the most potent bioactive component of A lappa in the majority of studies. AR exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via modulation of several cytokines. Due to its potent anti-inflammatory effects, AR may serve as a potential therapeutic compound against both acute inflammation and various chronic diseases. However, pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated the extensive glucuronidation and hydrolysis of AR in liver, intestine and plasma, which might hinder its in vivo and clinical efficacy after oral administration. Based on the reviewed pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of AR, further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of AR via alternative administration routes are suggested to promote its ability to serve as a therapeutic agent as well as an ideal bioactive marker for A lappa. -
New Chromosome Counts in Cousinia (Asteraceae) from Flora of Iran
© 2017 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 82(5): 485–488 New Chromosome Counts in Cousinia (Asteraceae) from Flora of Iran Firouzeh Bordbar*, Mozhdeh Baqeri and Mansour Mirtadzadini Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169–14111, Iran Received May 19, 2017; accepted July 10, 2017 Summary In this study, we report the chromosome number on the eight Cousinia species belonging to six sections distributed in south east and north east parts of Iran. Seven of the counts are new to science and one pro- vides confirmation of the previous report. The results of this study are the first reports of the basic chromosome number within sect. Spinuliferae and sect. haussknechtianae. The present study reports x=12 for C. lasiolepis from sect. Alpinae which is new for the material originated from flora of Iran. The result of this study also con- firmed the previously reported basic chromosome number of x=13 which had been supposed to be erroneous for sect. Leiocaules. Key words Cardueae, Cousinia, Iran, Karyology. Cousinia Cass. is one of the largest genera of Car- dini (MIR). We followed the sectional classification of dueae from Asteraceae. It comprises over 700 species Rechinger (1972, 1979) as the newest classification for worldwide which is mainly centered in SW and C Asia Cousinia species. (Rechinger 1986, Susanna and Garcia-Jacas 2009). Mitotic studies were made on metaphase cells of root Among them, more than 250 species are distributed in tips obtained from germinating seeds on wet filter pa- Iran, mainly in Elburz and Zagros mountains (Zare et al. -
Annex 1. Systematic List of the Plants Identified in Roşia Montană Area
S.C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study 4.6 Biodiversity Annex 1. Systematic List of the Plants Identified in Roşia Montană Area No. Scientific Name Author Distribution Life span Location Family Genus, Species Phylum BRIOPHYTA Class HEPATOPSIDA Order MARCHANTIALES 1 MARCHANTIALACEAE Marchantia polymorpha L. sporadic perennial moist places Class BRYOPSIDA Order BRYALES 2 Mniaceae Mnium punctatum Hedw. sporadic perennial moist places 3 Mnium ondulatum Hedw. sporadic perennial moist places 4 Brachytheciaceae Brachythecium campestre Mull. sporadic perennial moist places Order HYPNOBRYALES 5 Hypnaceae Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. sporadic perennial moist places Order BUXBAUMIALES 6 Buxbaumiaceae Buxbaumia aphylla Hedw. sporadic perennial moist places Order POLYTRICHALES 7 Polytrichaceae Polytrichum commune Hedw. sporadic perennial moist places 8 Polytrichum formosum Hedw. sporadic perennial moist places Order DICRANALES 9 Dicranaceae Dicranum scoparium Hedw. sporadic perennial moist places Order FUNARIALES 10 Funariaceae Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. sporadic perennial moist places Phylum PTERIDOPHYTA Class LYCOPODIOPSIDA Order LYCOPODIALES 11 LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & sporadic perennial Grassy, moist land, forests, bush, Mart. 12 Lycopodium annotinum L. sporadic perennial Moist places, wetlands, forests. Class EQUISETOPSIDA Order EQUISETALES 13 EQUISETACEAE Equisetum arvense L. frequent perennial Floodplains, sandy places,crop fields 14 Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. -
Arctium Lappa and Arctium Tomentosum, Sources of Arctii Radix
plants Article Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum, Sources of Arctii radix: Comparison of Anti-Lipoxygenase and Antioxidant Activity as well as the Chemical Composition of Extracts from Aerial Parts and from Roots Weronika Skowro ´nska 1, Sebastian Granica 1 , Magdalena Dziedzic 2, Justyna Kurkowiak 3, Maria Ziaja 4 and Agnieszka Bazylko 1,* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (W.S.); [email protected] (S.G.) 2 Student’s Scientific Association at the Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 3 Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 4 Institute of Physical Culture Studies, Rzeszów University, Cicha 2a, 35-326 Rzeszów, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Arctium lappa is a weed used in traditional medicine in the treatment of skin inflammation and digestive tract diseases. Arctium tomentosum is used in folk medicine interchangeably with Arctium lappa and, according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) monography, provides an equal source of Arctii radix (Bardanae radix), despite the small amount of research confirming its activity and Citation: Skowro´nska,W.; Granica, S.; Dziedzic, M.; Kurkowiak, J.; Ziaja, M.; chemical composition. The aim of the study was the comparison of the anti-lipoxygenase and the •− Bazylko, A. Arctium lappa and Arctium antioxidant activity, scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2 ), tomentosum, Sources of Arctii radix: and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), of 70 % (v/v) ethanolic extracts from the aerial parts and the roots Comparison of Anti-Lipoxygenase of Arctium lappa and Arctium tomentosum. -
INTRODUCTION This Check List of the Plants of New Jersey Has Been
INTRODUCTION This Check List of the Plants of New Jersey has been compiled by updating and integrating the catalogs prepared by such authors as Nathaniel Lord Britton (1881 and 1889), Witmer Stone (1911), and Norman Taylor (1915) with such other sources as recently-published local lists, field trip reports of the Torrey Botanical Society and the Philadelphia Botanical Club, the New Jersey Natural Heritage Program’s list of threatened and endangered plants, personal observations in the field and the herbarium, and observations by other competent field botanists. The Check List includes 2,758 species, a botanical diversity that is rather unexpected in a small state like New Jersey. Of these, 1,944 are plants that are (or were) native to the state - still a large number, and one that reflects New Jersey's habitat diversity. The balance are plants that have been introduced from other countries or from other parts of North America. The list could be lengthened by hundreds of species by including non-persistent garden escapes and obscure waifs and ballast plants, many of which have not been seen in New Jersey since the nineteenth century, but it would be misleading to do so. The Check List should include all the plants that are truly native to New Jersey, plus all the introduced species that are naturalized here or for which there are relatively recent records, as well as many introduced plants of very limited occurrence. But no claims are made for the absolute perfection of the list. Plant nomenclature is constantly being revised. Single old species may be split into several new species, or multiple old species may be combined into one.