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Notes on the Taxonomy of Cousinia Sect. Haussknechtianae (Asteraceae; Cardueae)

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Notes on the Taxonomy of Cousinia Sect. Haussknechtianae (Asteraceae; Cardueae) NOTES ON THE TAXONOMY OF COUSINIA SECT. HAUSSKNECHTIANAE (ASTERACEAE; CARDUEAE) I. Mehregan Received 24.08.2011. Accepted for publication 16.11.2011. Mehregan, I. 2011 12 31: Notes on the taxonomy of Cousinia sect. Haussknechtianae (Asteraceae; Cardueae). -Iran J. Bot. 17 (2); 137-149. Tehran. Taxonomy of Cousinia sect. Haussknechtianae is revised. The species belonging to this section have limited distribution in high mountainous areas of C, SW and W Iran, and NE Iraq. Due to their late flowering time and remote mountainous areas of distribution, they are poorly known. Thanks to the examination of extensive collections from Zagros mountain range in recent years, species of C. sect. Haussknechtianae are now better known. In this paper three new species, i.e. C. komidjanensis from C Iran, C. curvibracteata from SW Iran and C. rawanduzensis from NE Iraq are described as new to science. A short diagnosis, an English description and an image of holotypes for each of these three new species are given. According to the results, C. sect. Haussknechtianae includes overall eight species endemic to Iran and N Iraq. A synopsis of all species belonging to this section, an identification key to the species and a map of distribution of species are given. In addition, C. hergtiana is here lectotypified. Iraj Mehregan ([email protected]), Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Key words. Cousinia sect. Haussknechtianae, taxonomy, new species, Iran, biogeography. (Asteraceae; Cardueae) Cousinia sect. Haussknechtianae . ! .#/0 "1, 2 + 3") .'() * + , (Asteraceae; Cardueae) Cousinia sect. Haussknechtianae #$" #3 3) @ A B ", . ? *$ 4 5$ 67 ,7 6#8 9/ !:3/ ;< => # + C + 34 "/ + 3 ) + 3" 5 , A B ", . $ "!C #$ !5/ 3") 2 !:3/ !( => # )#/0 9/ C. komidjanensis ") " "B 2 . $ "!C #$ !, "1, 2 + 3" ) ' $ + ;58 D) + 3/ (E @ + ", 8 + 3" ) # ", ? *$ 4 5$ C. rawanduzensis ,7 6#8 C. curvibracteata ") '3 A $ L/ "1, 2 M ! D , .' $ "I J K G H 8 + 3" ) 2 F3 +, .$ .' $ "I 3 5 +, .#/0 " #$ / F 3" ) ': B .' ? *$ 4 5$ + K INTRODUCTION As part of the project Flora of Iran (in Farsi) that The genus Cousinia Cass. with more than 600 species will be published by the “Institute of Forests and worldwide, is mainly centered in SW and C Asia Rangelands” in Tehran, the whole genus is being (Rechinger 1986; Susanna & Garcia-Jacas 2006). Since revised by different authors (Prof. M. Assadi of TARI, the publication of of Flora Iranica, no. 90 (Rechinger Dr. F. Attar of TUH and the author). I started to study 1972) as the first major comprehensive treatment of of Cousinia sect. Haussknechtianae Rech. f. in Iran Cousinia in Iran, taxonomy of the genus has been from 2003. changed chiefly (López-Vinyallonga et al. 2009; The section Haussknechtianae was first published as Mehregan & Kadereit 2009; Assadi 2009, 2011). a monospecific section by Rechinger (1972). Assigning Thanks to the extensive collections of recent years from C. raphiocephala Rech. f. to the section different parts of Iran, many new species have been Haussknchtianae by Rechinger (1972, 1979) was later published and the alpha taxonomy of the genus seems confirmed by Mehregan et al. (2003). This section is to be nearing an end. characterized by being tall (stems more than 50 cm IRAN. J. BOT. 17 (2), 2011 I. Mehregan 138 high) subshrub or perennial plant, having rigid leathery leaves, simple or branched synflorescences with sessile, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 15-60 flowered capitula, involucres with more than 80 After study of all material mentioned above, five phyllaries, smooth receptacular bristles, and rose to recently known species plus material belonging to three purple flowers (Rechinger 1972; Mehregan et al. 2003 yet unknown species regarded to be members of C. & 2010). Mehregan et al. (2003) introduced C. sect. Haussknechtianae. All eight species are listed gatchsaranica Mehregan, Assadi & Attar as a new below and discussions regarding their taxonomy are species belonging to section Haussknechtianae. presented below each taxon. Recently, C. karkasensis Mehregan & Djavadi another species from the section was introduced from central Cousinia sect. Haussknechtianae Rech. f., Fl. Iranica Iran (Mehregan et al. 2010). 90: 187 (1972) emend. Mehregan, Assadi & Attar in A brief look at above mentioned species revealed Willdenowia 33: 108 (2003). that those species are restricted to high mountainous Subshrub or perennial with tall stems. Basal leaves regions of Iran, and usually would flower in late leathery, sinuate-lobate at margins, spiny. summer. Those species are perennials propagating Synflorescence simple or branched. Capitula sessile, directly via seeds. Direct seed dispersal in the section with 15-60 flowers, with more than 85 phyllaries; Haussknechtianae is in contrast to wind dispersal as exterior and middle phyllaries aculeiform or subulate. tumbleweeds or by exozoochory that is common in taxa Receptacular bristles smooth. Corolla rose or purple. like C. sect. Cynaroideae Bunge. In the section Achenes compressed, irregularly spotted, longitudinally Cynaroideae and some other taxa, capitula usually obscurely striated. remain closed and attached to the plants after maturity, Type of section: Cousinia haussknechtii C. Winkl. and the entire plants are dispersed by wind as tumbleweeds or by exozoochory (Mehregan & Kadereit 1. C. hausscknechtii C. Winkl. in Trudy Imp. S.- 2008; Susanna & al. 2003). In absence of pappus in Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 238 (1893). mature achens of Cousinia, propagating as Holotype: Iran, “In m. Schahu & Avroman”, 7-8000 tumbleweeds or by exozoochory is a very effective feet, Haussknecht 569 (G-BOIS; photo seen!; method explaining wide distribution of some species. fragments in LE, fid. Bornmüller in Beih. Bot. In all species belonging to the section Centralbl. 32, 2: 403-404, 1914). Haussknechtianae, it was observed that stems with Note.- Rechinger (1972) could not see the holotype in mature capitula attached on, remain inserted to the herbarium G-BOIS. He accepted the Bornmüller’s ground until the next vegetative season. Mature findings on the type material of C. haussknechtianae. capitula open on the stems and only few achenes may Syn.: C. serotina Rech. f. in Anz. Math.-Nat. Kl. have the chance of long distance dispersal. This Osterr. Akad. Wiss. 101: 349 (1964). dispersal limitation may explain the very narrow Holotype: Iraq: Kurdistan, Sulaimaniya Distr., Ascent distribution of some species belonging to C. sect. to Pir Mukurun Dagh, 1200-1400 m, 19.09.1933, Eig & Haussknechtianae. Duvdevani 505 (W!; isotype HUJ). In this paper I will clarify an enlarged concept of C. Illustration. – Fl. Iranica 90: tab. 92 (1972). Here: Fig. 1. sect. Haussknechtianae, introducing three new species, Distribution. – NE Iraq, W Iran (Fig. 7). give a synopsis of all species plus an identification key The species can be easily recognised by its discolor to all species belonging to. leaves, branched synflorescence and capitula with straight phyllaries. MATERIAL AND METHODS Further specimens studied. – Iraq: Sulaimaniya, Piere All herbarium material deposited in herbaria W, B, P, Magrun, 5500 ft., 22.10.1960, Wheeler-Haines 1855 JE, K, E, IRAN and TARI (all abbreviations according (E); same locality, 18.07.1961, Wheeler-Haines s. n. to Thiers 2008+) were screened in searching for plant (E). material belong to or match the description of C. sect. Iran: Kurdestan, Marivan, Gardaneh-Taghah, 1800- Haussknechtianae (sensu Mehregan et al. 2003). New 1900 m, 03.08.1987, Fattahi 1557 (TARI); Nusud to collections were also made from mountainous localities Marivan, between Nusud and Gardane Tate, around in Iran. In case of unknown putative material, the Dezave and Hanigarmale, ca. 2900 m, 27.07.1995 classical morphological examinations were also Mozaffarian 74831 (TARI); Lorestan, Alashtar, associated with a molecular analysis using ITS data that Dartang, Kuh-e Garrin (TT3, 48° 21' E, 33° 56' N), reported in a previous study (Mehregan & Kadereit 2130-2800 m, 29.06.2005, Assadi & Mehregan 88882 2009). (TARI); Kuh-i Gerru, near Nahavand, 02.08.1909, Strauss s. n. (B, JE). 139 Cousinia sect. Haussknechtianae in Iran IRAN. J. BOT. 17 (2), 2011 Fig. 1. Holotype of Cousinia haussknechtii (Haussknecht 569, G-BOIS)* IRAN. J. BOT. 17 (2), 2011 I. Mehregan 140 2. C. hergtiana Bornm. in Beih. Bot. Centrbl. 32, 2: Distribution. – Endemic to SW Iran (Fig. 7), endemic. 400 (1914). Cousinia gatchsaranica is characterized by having Lectotype (designated here): Iran, "ad Dschek-ab inter concolorous, glabrous and shinny leaves, branched Sultanabad et Kaschan, VI. 1903", Strauss, s. n. synflorescences, and capitula with arcuate to spreading (B100088409, B!; isotypes JE!, “In monte Latetar, VII. phyllaries. 1897, Strauss, s. n., B100088410”, B!). Further specimens studied. –Iran: Khuzistan, Dehdez, Note. –The name was originally published based on the Gharoun mt, from Ab-s-valleys, 1000-1500 m, specimens from two different localities. A herbarium 17.05.1996, Mozaffarian 74497 (TARI); Kohgilouieh sheet in better condition (B100088409) is here selected and Boyer Ahmad, 50 km E of Dehdasht, Nile Mt., as lectotype. The collection from the second locality in 2400-3200 m, 21.07.1983, Assadi and Abuhamzeh herbarium B as well as duplicates from both herbarium 46504 (TARI). materials I observed in herbarium JE were selected as isolectotypes. 5. C. karkasensis Mehregan & Djavadi, in Iranian J. Illustration. – Fl. Iranica 90:
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