Mai Munisípiu Project Final Report Period: September 23, 2013 – September 22, 2017
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A Secondary School Geography Teaching Resource for Years 7 to 10 1 ISBN: 978-0-9872763-2-2
A secondary school geography teaching resource for Years 7 to 10 1 ISBN: 978-0-9872763-2-2 Published by: One World Centre (Global Education Project) © Commonwealth of Australia, 2014 Creative Commons-Non-Com-Share Alike Australia license, as specified in the Australian Government Open Acess and licensing framework 2011. Some rights reserved. This project was funded by the Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (DFAT) Written by: Nuella Flynn Graphic Design by: www.eddshepherd.com Thanks also to: Kylie Hosking, Cameron Tero, Orla Hassett, Alison Bullock, Jenni Morellini and Genevieve Hawks. Cover photo: Chowpatty Inequality Image by Shreyans Bhansali (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) About the photo: A child looks across the bay at Nariman Point, Mumbai, some of the most expensive land in the world. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Global Education Project, or the Australian Government. 2 Contents Introduction ............................................................................................. 2 Year 7 Community ................................................................................... 4 Curriculum Links .................................................................................. 5 Rumour Clinic ...................................................................................... 6 What makes a community liveable? ..................................................... 8 Examining liveability in communities experiencing poverty .................. 11 Views of the local -
My Experience with Physics Education in East Timor
CG-21 Southeast Asia Curt Gabrielson, a science teacher and an Institute Fellow, is observing the re- ICWA establishment of education in East Timor. My Experience with Physics LETTERS Education in East Timor Since 1925 the Institute of By Curt Gabrielson Current World Affairs (the Crane- SEPTEMBER 1, 2002 Rogers Foundation) has provided BAUCAU, East Timor–I came to East Timor in October 2000 with no firm plans long-term fellowships to enable about what to do. My partner Pamela had work lined up, and we were convinced outstanding young professionals that I could find some useful occupation. In the U.S., I taught physics and had to live outside the United States worked with the Exploratorium Teacher Institute in San Francisco for several years and write about international leading up to my move to East Timor. areas and issues. An exempt operating foundation endowed by Arriving in East Timor, I set out ambitiously to learn the local lingua franca, the late Charles R. Crane, the Tetum. I found it to be an archaic language, with most “modern” words taken Institute is also supported by from Portuguese, the language of East Timor’s first colonizers. Mixed with Tetum contributions from like-minded was Bahasa Indonesia, the language of East Timor’s most recent occupiers. By individuals and foundations. learning parts of these three languages, I could soon make myself understood talking about science and math. TRUSTEES In December 2000, I was granted a two-year fellowship by the Institute of Bryn Barnard Current World Affairs. This fellowship essentially allowed me to pursue my own Joseph Battat interests, all (reasonable) expenses paid, while writing an informative newsletter Mary Lynne Bird to members of the Institute once a month. -
Environmental Health in East Timor
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION SEA-EH-536 Regional Office for South-East Asia 27 May 2002 Distribution: Restricted New Delhi ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IN EAST TIMOR Assignment Report: 23 November 2000 – 2 March 2001 Mr Sharad Adhikary WHO Short-term Consultant WHO Project: TMP EHA 020 The contents of this restricted document may not be divulged to persons other than those to whom it has been originally addressed. It may not be further distributed nor reproduced in any manner and should not be referenced in bibliographical matter or cited CONTENTS Page 1. PURPOSE OF ASSIGNMENT 1 2. INTRODUCTION 1 3. SITUATION ANALYSIS 1 4. ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN 3 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 7 SEA -EH-536 1. PURPOSE OF ASSIGNMENT (1) To assist in the development and implementation of environmental health programmes including solid waste management, and community water supply and sanitation; (2) To establish plans for maximizing the benefits of water supply and sanitation to health, assisting in water resources development and preparing proposals for interagency cooperation; (3) To advise and assist in the assessment, preparation, and development of plans for control of major environmental health hazard; (4) To prepare technical reports giving critical analysis of programme impacts, and (5) To advise the WHO Head of Office on all matters pertaining to environmental health activities as required. 2. INTRODUCTION Immediately after the referendum in September 1999, East Timor experienced extensive destruction of most of the infrastructure facilities, public buildings, thousands of private homes and business. With the re-establishment of the government institutions under UNTAET (United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor) at present, the general administration and rebuilding of the ruined infrastructures are being streamlined. -
LH Bulletin 3 English
The La’oBulletin Hamutuk Bulletin Vol. 1, No. 3. 17 November 2000 Building a National Health System for East Timor The health of the East Timorese people depends to a Timor’s medical equipment. At the same time, Indo- significant degree on the implementation of an ef- nesian doctors and nurses fled the territory. While fective and reliable national health care service ac- many East Timorese nurses were trained under the cessible to the entire population. Given the massive Portuguese and the Indonesians, the number of doc- destruction of September 1999, the poor health sys- tors was small. Today, the doctor-patient ratio (not tem inherited from Indonesia, and the long-term ef- including internationals) in East Timor is about 3 doc- fects of Indonesia’s war and occupation on the physi- tors to 100,000 people, while in Indonesia it is 12 cal and psychological state of the East Timorese, the per 100,000, and in Australia it is about 240 per health needs in East Timor are great. 100,000. The Indonesian military and its militia forces dam- In the aftermath of the Indonesian military’s post- aged 77 percent of the health posts following the 30 referendum campaign of terror, international and lo- August 1999 vote for independence, totally destroy- cal NGOs filled the vacuum created by the destruc- ing or severely damaging about 35 percent. In addi- tion of the previous health infrastructure. Currently, tion, they looted or destroyed 67 percent of East there are 23 East Timorese medical doctors and one surgeon in the entire territory. -
The Transnational Politics of Aceh and East Timor in the Diaspora
MAKING NOISE: THE TRANSNATIONAL POLITICS OF ACEH AND EAST TIMOR IN THE DIASPORA by KARLA S. FALLON A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Political Science) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) May 2009 © Karla S. Fallon, 2009 Abstract This dissertation analyzes the transnational politics of two new or incipient diasporas, the Acehnese and East Tirnorese. It examines their political roles and activities in and across several countries in the West (Europe, North America, and Australia) as well as their impact on the “homeland” or country of origin, during and after armed conflict. It suggests that the importance of diaspora participation in conflict and conflict settlement is not solely or even primarily dependent on the material resources of the diaspora. Instead it is the ideational and political resources that may determine a diaspora’s ability to ensure its impact on the homeland, on the conflict, and its participation in the conflict settlement process. This study adopts a constructivist approach, process-tracing methods, and an analytical framework that combines insights from diaspora politics and theories on transnational advocacy networks (TANs). It concludes that the Aceh and East Timor cases support the proposition that diasporas are important and dynamic political actors, even when they are small, new, and weak. These cases also support the proposition that the political identities and goals of diasporas can be transformed over time as a diaspora is replenished with new members who have new or different ideas, as factions within diasporas gain power vis-à-vis others, and/or as the political partners available to the diaspora in the hostland and internationally change or broaden. -
A Nation Is Born, Again by Curt Gabrielson
CG-18 Southeast Asia Curt Gabrielson, a science teacher and an Institute Fellow, is observing the re- ICWA establishment of education in East Timor. LETTERS A Nation Is Born, Again By Curt Gabrielson JUNE 1, 2002 Since 1925 the Institute of Current World Affairs (the Crane- BAUCAU, East Timor–My most recent look at the political situation in East Timor Rogers Foundation) has provided (CG-11, November 2001) had a Constituent Assembly elected with the goal of long-term fellowships to enable drafting the nation’s new constitution. The Assembly was composed of 88 mem- bers: 75 national representatives, and one each from the 13 districts. This group of outstanding young professionals 24 women and 64 men viewed various constitutional models from around the to live outside the United States world, and each major party put forth a draft constitution to be considered. and write about international areas and issues. An exempt I found the whole process a bit overwhelming. The “Mother Law,” as it is operating foundation endowed by called in Tetum, East Timor’s lingua franca, is all-important; this much I had the late Charles R. Crane, the learned in high-school. How to write one from scratch, however, was not covered Institute is also supported by in Mr. Krokstrom’s civics class. contributions from like-minded individuals and foundations. The Assembly’s constitutional debates were broadcast on national radio, and one could follow them by drifting in and out of small shops and walking by houses with open windows. What I heard was sometimes incoherent, not necessarily TRUSTEES logical, often unorganized, but always very passionate. -
Divided Loyalties
DIVIDED LOYALTIES: Displacement, Belonging and Citizenship among East Timorese in West Timor Andrey Yushard Damaledo A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University January 2016 I declare that this thesis is my own work and that I have acknowledged all results and quotations from the published or unpublished work of other people. Andrey Yushard Damaledo Department of Anthropology School of Culture, History and Language College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University Page | ii This thesis is dedicated to my parents Page | iii ABSTRACT This thesis is an ethnographic study of belonging and citizenship among former pro-autonomy East Timorese settlers who have elected to settle indefinitely in West Timor. In particularly I shed light on the ways East Timorese construct and negotiate their socio-political identities following the violent and destructive separation from their homeland. In doing so, I examine the ways different East Timorese groups organise and represent their economic, political and cultural interests and their efforts to maintain traditional exchange relationships in the production and reproduction of localities, inscribing connection and informing entitlement in Indonesian Timor. East Timorese in West Timor have been variously perceived as ‘refugees’ (pengungsi), ‘ex-refugees’ (eks pengungsi), and/or ‘new citizens’ (warga baru). I argue, however, that these labels misunderstand East Timorese socio-political identities in contemporary Indonesia. The East Timorese might have had Indonesia as their destination when they left the eastern half of the island in the aftermath of the referendum, but they have not relinquished their cultural identities as East Timorese. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 Country Overview 1 Country Overview 2 Key Data 4 Burma (Myanmar) 5 Asia 6 Chapter 2 8 Political Overview 8 History 9 Political Conditions 12 Political Risk Index 57 Political Stability 71 Freedom Rankings 87 Human Rights 98 Government Functions 102 Government Structure 104 Principal Government Officials 115 Leader Biography 125 Leader Biography 125 Foreign Relations 128 National Security 140 Defense Forces 142 Chapter 3 145 Economic Overview 145 Economic Overview 146 Nominal GDP and Components 149 Population and GDP Per Capita 151 Real GDP and Inflation 152 Government Spending and Taxation 153 Money Supply, Interest Rates and Unemployment 154 Foreign Trade and the Exchange Rate 155 Data in US Dollars 156 Energy Consumption and Production Standard Units 157 Energy Consumption and Production QUADS 159 World Energy Price Summary 160 CO2 Emissions 161 Agriculture Consumption and Production 162 World Agriculture Pricing Summary 164 Metals Consumption and Production 165 World Metals Pricing Summary 167 Economic Performance Index 168 Chapter 4 180 Investment Overview 180 Foreign Investment Climate 181 Foreign Investment Index 184 Corruption Perceptions Index 197 Competitiveness Ranking 208 Taxation 217 Stock Market 218 Partner Links 218 Chapter 5 220 Social Overview 220 People 221 Human Development Index 222 Life Satisfaction Index 226 Happy Planet Index 237 Status of Women 246 Global Gender Gap Index 249 Culture and Arts 259 Etiquette 259 Travel Information 260 Diseases/Health Data 272 Chapter 6 278 Environmental Overview 278 Environmental Issues 279 Environmental Policy 280 Greenhouse Gas Ranking 281 Global Environmental Snapshot 292 Global Environmental Concepts 304 International Environmental Agreements and Associations 318 Appendices 342 Bibliography 343 Burma (Myanmar) Chapter 1 Country Overview Burma (Myanmar) Review 2016 Page 1 of 354 pages Burma (Myanmar) Country Overview BURMA (MYANMAR) The military authorities ruling this country have changed the historic name - Burma - to Union of Myanmar or Myanmar. -
Realpolitik and Resistance - the Birth Pangs of Timor Loro Sa’E
Lund University Master’s Thesis Department of Sociology May 2001 Master’s Programme in East and Supervisor: Gudmund Jannisa Southeast Asian Studies Realpolitik and Resistance - The Birth Pangs of Timor Loro Sa’e - “Peace? Why would we want peace? If the vote is for independence we’ll just kill; kill everybody” Filomeno Orai, Leader of the FPDK ( pro-Jakarta) militia, East Timor, September 1999. Joel Andersson 1 Lund University Master Programme of East and Southeast Asian Studies Masters Thesis Department of Sociology Autumn 2000 Supervisor: Gudmund Jannisa, Kristianstad University Realpolitik and Resistance- The Birth Pangs of Timor Loro Sa’e by Joel Andersson Abstract During the turbulent times surrounding the independence of East Timor the writer of this thesis was working in Jakarta with the United Nations High Commissioner for refugees. It was in this position the writer got the idea to study the transformation of East Timor from an occupied territory within the Republic of Indonesia to an independent state, and what the main reasons were for this change to take place. The thesis starts off by explaining East Timor’s historic setting. The thesis continues by looking into the actions and policies of the big political actors such as United States of America, Australian and the UN. This is followed by a close look on the role of the East Timorese people in general and some of the leaders such as Xanana Gusmao and Jose Ramos Horta in particular. When examining the relationship between the international communities, the independence movement and its leaders the writer uses theories developed by Ron Eyerman and Andrew Jamison in their study “Social Movements – a Cognitive Approach”. -
TIMMAS30 94-07 UN Hearings.DOC
Documents on East Timor Volume 30: July 13-14, 1994 Special Issue: United Nations Decolonization Committee Hearings on East Timor Published by: East Timor Action Network / U.S. P.O. Box 1182, White Plains, NY 10602 USA Tel: 914-428-7299 Fax: 914-428-7383 E-mail [email protected] These documents are produced approximately every two months and mailed to subscribers. For additional or back copies, send US$25. per volume; add $3. for international air mail. Discounts: $10 for educational and non-profit institutions. Activist rate: $6. domestic, $8. international. Subscription rates: $150 ($60 educational, $36 activist) for the next six issues. Add $18 ($12 activist) for international air mail. Further subsidies are available for groups in Third World countries working on East Timor. Checks should be made out to “ETAN.” This material is also available on IBM-compatible diskette, in Word for Windows or ASCII format. Reprinting and distribution without permission is welcomed. TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................. 2 WORKING PAPER PREPARED BY THE U.N. SECRETARIAT ......................................................................... 3 I. GENERAL...............................................................................................................................................3 II. CONSIDERATION BY THE UNITED NATIONS 2 ......................................................................................3 -
East Timor Phrasebook 3
CONTENTS ABOUT TETUN > introduction ....................................13 Spelling ............................................15 Polite & Informal ...........................17 Portuguese Influence ..................15 Arthur or Martha? .........................18 Learning Tetun ..............................15 Abbreviations ................................18 Tetun-Dili & Tetun-Terik .............16 BASICS > pronunciation .............................................19 Vowels ..............................................19 Stress .................................................22 Consonants .....................................20 grammar ....................................................................23 Word Order .....................................23 To Like ..............................................34 Articles ..............................................23 Personal Pronouns .......................35 Nouns ...............................................25 Possession .......................................37 Adjectives ........................................27 Imperatives .....................................38 Adverbs ............................................30 Questions ........................................40 Verbs .................................................30 Negatives.........................................40 To Have ............................................33 Classifiers .........................................41 To be .................................................33 Prepositions ....................................42 -
From a Global Typology of Civil War to a Topography of Violence in South Africa 1976, 1986, 1996 by Hjalte Tin the Spaces of Civil War, Web Ed
The Spaces of Civil War From a global typology of civil war to a topography of violence in South Africa 1976, 1986, 1996 by Hjalte Tin The Spaces of Civil War, web ed. copyright H. Tin 2005 p.II CONTENT page Acknowledgements VI Introduction VIII PART ONE. TO COUNT CIVIL WAR EVENTS 1 A typology of civil wars 1 1. “A world not fully understood”: the academic ignorance of civil war 1 2. Realist problems: SIPRI counting civil war 7 3. Empirical parameters of civil war: intensity, locality, polarity, weapon 12 4. A typology of civil wars: intifada, guerrilla, frontal, intervention 20 PART TWO. EVENTS: FROM CHINA 1935 TO BOSNIA 1995 2 Household weapons: riot in Los Angeles, 1992; 29 1. Riot in Los Angeles, 1992 30 2. Contested neighborhoods 33 3 Household weapons: intifada in Palestine, 1987 36 1. The beginning of the Intifada 36 2. The ethnic and house fronts of Palestine 39 3. The ethnic and state fronts of Israel 41 4. Intifada and the next level of civil war 43 4 Light weapons: terrorism in Brazil, 1970 45 1. Voluntarism 45 2. What to do next? 48 3. Fear 49 4. A definition of terrorism 52 5 Light weapons: guerrilla war in China, 1934-35 56 1. The Long March 57 2. Can anyone win a guerrilla war? 60 3. The neo-archaic guerrilla 66 6 Heavy weapons: coup in Bolivia, 1971 69 1. Hugo Banzer’s coup, July 21, 1971 69 2. Coups and the strong state 70 The Spaces of Civil War, web ed.