DOCSLIB.ORG

Haredim and Israel’S Election: Fault-Lines & Fissures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Haredim and Israel’S Election: Fault-Lines & Fissures Haredim and Israel’s Election: Fault- Lines & Fissures The Haredi world in Israel is riven with conflict. It all came out in the recent elections. One Jerusalem Haredi rabbi, one of the few with advanced secular educational credentials, summed it up: “Before I voted, I went to the mikvah. After I voted, I went to the mikvah.” Right off the bat, it’s important to know that the two partners in the Ashkenazi-Haredi party Yahadut HaTorah HaM’uchedet (United Torah Judaism)—Degel Hatorah and Agudat Yisrael—can’t stand each other. Agudat Yisrael, for a century, was the representative of the non-Hasidic yeshivot (the so-called Lithuanian yeshivot) and most Haredi communities. Agudat Yisrael in the 1980s lost its power base in the yeshivot to Degel Hatorah, and was further weakened when in the 1980s the leader of Degel Hatorah assisted the Sefardi Haredim, heretofore represented by Agudah, in organizing their own party, Shas. More serious is the hair-pulling within Degel HaTorah, the party of the Ashkenazi Mitnagdim, the non-Chasidic Haredi community, centered on the famed Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnai Brak. The two leading figures in the non-Chasidic Haredi community are Rabbi Aaron Leib Steinman, the successor to Rabbi Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, and considered to be a relative moderate (“relative” is the operative locution); and Rabbi Shmuel Auerbach of Jerusalem, son of the famed rabbinic leader Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, and who is considered a religious extremist. Rabbi Auerbach is opposed to Rabbi Steinman’s leadership of the Haredi community, and started his own newspaper, HePeles (The Line-Level) to compete with Degel’s Yated Ne’eman. The battle fought by the Steinman and Auerbach camps over draft evasion and other matters came to a head in the days before the election, when Rabbi Auerbach directed his supporters to boycott the elections. Some 30,000 Haredim heeded Auerbach’s words, costing United Torah Judaism one seat in the new Knesset, and ratcheting up the heat in an already polarized sectarian religious community. A struggle for truth or justice? Not a chance. It was all about power. Then there is the Ponevezh yeshiva of Bnai Brak, iconic in the Haredi world. The strife at Ponevezh, again over leadership, spilled over to violence as factions loyal to the yeshiva president, Rabbi Eliezer Kahaneman, and to Rabbi Shmuel Markovitz, one of the deans, battled it out on December 30 over who was to lead evening services. (Rabbi Kahaneman was struck with a chair.) Highly suggestive are the names given to the factions: “HaM’chablim”—“The Terrorists”—to the Markovitz faction; and “HaSon’im”—“The Haters”—to the Kahaneman group. At stake? “It’s all about the money,” said a Jerusalem Haredi leader, noting, “Whoever runs the yeshiva has access to the funding from donors and from government—which is substantial—and by extension to power.” The Sefardi arena as well is hardly immune to internecine strife. Much ink has been spilled over the depredations of Shas leader Aryeh Deri, now restored to political activity, and more recently his split with Sefardi leader Eli Yishai, who formed his own party, Yahad. Deri and Yishai each claimed the crown of the late Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, former Sefardi Chief Rabbi and the creator of Shas, and Grand Poobah of the Sefardic community. Yahad, far more right-wing than Shas, failed to reach the minimum 3.25 percent electoral threshold for sending a candidate to the Knesset. Are there enlightened Haredim? Sure there are. There are many in the Mea Shearim neighborhood of Jerusalem—a center of haredi life, going back a century and more; and in Bnai Brak, home of famed yeshivot—who are pressing for Haredim to join the workforce; there are even some who are not hard- liners on army service. (“Don’t call it ‘giyus’”—the draft—suggests Rabbi Nissan Kaplan, a respected teacher of rabbinic texts at the Mir Yeshiva in Jerusalem. “Call it ‘sherut’—‘service’—and the problem will be solved.”) Additionally, there are new opportunities for higher education for Haredi women. But at bottom there is no critical mass in the Haredi communities pressing for change—none, so long as the Haredi house itself is strife-ridden. Further, as Hillel Halkin, one of the more canny observers of Israeli life, notes: “The average [secular] Jew in Israel does not suffer from Haredi interference in his or her life.” In a word: Who cares? My own sense is that the Haredi community, were it to bring to bear its tremendous knowledge, elite educational institutions, and communal resources, could be the source of a “New Halutziut”—a newly-energized ethos in Israel. But as it stands, the Haredim of 2015, unlike those of 1955 and even 1965, have little interest in Israeli society, indeed view much of society as The Enemy—and more’s the pity..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Freedom in the World 2019
    Freedom in the World 2019 https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/israel A. ELECTORAL PROCESS: 12 / 12 A1. Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 A largely ceremonial president is elected by the Knesset for one seven-year term. In 2014, Reuven Rivlin of the right-leaning Likud party was elected to replace outgoing president Shimon Peres, receiving 63 votes in a runoff against Meir Sheetrit of the centrist Hatnuah party. The prime minister is usually the leader of the largest faction in the Knesset. In 2014, in a bid to create more stable governing coalitions, the electoral threshold for parties to win representation was raised from 2 percent to 3.25 percent, and the no- confidence procedure was revised so that opponents hoping to oust a sitting government must simultaneously vote in a new one. The incumbent prime minister in 2018, Benjamin Netanyahu of the conservative party Likud, had been in office since 2009, most recently securing reelection after the 2015 parliamentary polls. A2. Were the current national legislative representatives elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 Members of the 120-seat Knesset are elected by party-list proportional representation for four-year terms, and elections are typically free and fair. In the 2015 contest, Likud secured 30 seats, followed by the center-left Zionist Union with 24. The Joint List—a coalition of parties representing Arab citizens of Israel, who often identify as Palestinian—earned 13 seats; the centrist Yesh Atid (There Is a Future), 11; Kulanu, also centrist, 10; Habayit Hayehudi (Jewish Home), 8; the ultra- Orthodox parties Shas and United Torah Judaism, 7 and 6, respectively; the right- wing Yisrael Beiteinu, 6; and the left-wing Meretz party, 5.
    [Show full text]
  • S Election Results
    The Challenge of Israel’s Election Results I wrote the following for the latest newsletter of the World Union of Meretz, from the J Street Conference in Washington, DC. Representatives of all of the Israeli opposition gathered there, meeting together with its counterparts from American Jewry, who clearly represent the majority of American Jews. The final polls allowed on Friday the 13th, four days before election day, had given the Zionist Union (Labor & Hatnua) led by Herzog and Livni a lead of 24 to 20 seats, with an even chance to lead the next government. Netanyahu then went into emergency mode, using every demagogic trick in the book to turn the results around. He warned the leadership of the settlers that “the left” was on the verge of winning, and would begin to evacuate settlements, so they mobilized en masse, coming in thousands to Likud strongholds in the outlying and development towns to get out the vote. Mobilizing the extreme right to abandon Naftali Bennet’s Jewish Home party, Lieberman’s Yisrael Beiteinu and the ultra-right Yachad party (led by Shas refugee Eli Yishai in alliance with Kahanist Baruch Marzel), Netanyahu renounced his support for a two-state solution, and on election day warned that Israeli Arabs were voting in droves, being “bussed in by Jewish left-wingers” supported by foreign money. This last claim was ridiculous, since Israeli Arab citizens were simply walking to the polling booths, exercising their democratic right to vote, and energized by the fact that the four Arab parties had united in a Joint Arab List to ensure that they would pass the minimum voter threshold that had been raised to try to prevent them from entering the Knesset.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018-YOSS-Advancing.Pdf
    YOSS Advancing Winter 2018 Rav Binyamin Kamenetzky zt”l LEGACY CAMPAIGN Honoring the memory and impact of our founding Rosh Yeshiva, a visionary leader ...................................... Page 6 MENAHEL SPOTLIGHT A conversation with Rabbi Robinson and Rabbi Davidowitz ....................................... Page 3 REMEMBERING RAV BINYAMIN With warmth & dedication, he built a thriving Yeshiva and community .......................... Page 4 YOSS MEMORABLE MOMENTS Sharing the excitement .......................... Page 10 PAGE 2 MESSAGE FROM THE ROSH YESHIVA Sefer Shemos is the story of the emergence of Klal Yisrael from a small tribe of the progeny of Yaakov, to a thriving nation with millions of descendants, who accepted upon themselves the yoke of Torah. It is the story of a nation that went out to a desert and sowed the seeds of the future – a future that thrives to this very day. More than sixty years ago, my grandfather Rav Yaakov Kamenetzky, zt”l, charged my father and mother with the formidable task, “Go to the desert and plant the seeds of Torah.” What started as a fledgling school with six or seven boys, flourished more than a hundred fold. With institutions of tefilah, and higher Torah learning, all the outgrowth of that initial foray into the desert, my father’s impact is not only eternal but ever-expanding. This year’s dinner will mark both the commemoration of those accomplishments and a commitment to the renewal, refurbishment and expansion of the Torah facility he built brick by brick in 1964. Whether you are a student, an alumnus, a parent or community member, my father’s vision touched your life, and I hope that you will join us in honoring his.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Ultra-Orthodox Political Parties in Israeli Democracy
    Luke Howson University of Liverpool The Role of Ultra-Orthodox Political Parties in Israeli Democracy Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy By Luke Howson July 2014 Committee: Clive Jones, BA (Hons) MA, PhD Prof Jon Tonge, PhD 1 Luke Howson University of Liverpool © 2014 Luke Howson All Rights Reserved 2 Luke Howson University of Liverpool Abstract This thesis focuses on the role of ultra-orthodox party Shas within the Israeli state as a means to explore wider themes and divisions in Israeli society. Without underestimating the significance of security and conflict within the structure of the Israeli state, in this thesis the Arab–Jewish relationship is viewed as just one important cleavage within the Israeli state. Instead of focusing on this single cleavage, this thesis explores the complex structure of cleavages at the heart of the Israeli political system. It introduces the concept of a ‘cleavage pyramid’, whereby divisions are of different saliency to different groups. At the top of the pyramid is division between Arabs and Jews, but one rung down from this are the intra-Jewish divisions, be they religious, ethnic or political in nature. In the case of Shas, the religious and ethnic elements are the most salient. The secular–religious divide is a key fault line in Israel and one in which ultra-orthodox parties like Shas are at the forefront. They and their politically secular counterparts form a key division in Israel, and an exploration of Shas is an insightful means of exploring this division further, its history and causes, and how these groups interact politically.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel 2019 International Religious Freedom Report
    ISRAEL 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary This section covers Israel, including Jerusalem. In December 2017, the United States recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. It is the position of the United States that the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty in Jerusalem are subject to final status negotiations between the parties. The Palestinian Authority (PA) exercises no authority over Jerusalem. In March 2019, the United States recognized Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights. A report on the West Bank and Gaza, including areas subject to the jurisdiction of the PA, is appended at the end of this report. The country’s laws and Supreme Court rulings protect the freedoms of conscience, faith, religion, and worship, regardless of an individual’s religious affiliation, and the 1992 “Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty” protects additional individual rights. In 2018, the Knesset passed the “Basic Law: Israel – The Nation State of the Jewish People.” According to the government, that “law determines, among other things, that the Land of Israel is the historical homeland of the Jewish people; the State of Israel is the nation state of the Jewish People, in which it realizes its natural, cultural, religious and historical right to self-determination; and exercising the right to national self-determination in the State of Israel is unique to the Jewish People.” The government continued to allow controlled access to religious sites, including the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif (the site containing the foundation of the first and second Jewish temple and the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque).
    [Show full text]
  • The Survivors of the Holocaust in Occupied Germany Zeev W
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-03756-3 - Life between Memory and Hope: The Survivors of the Holocaust in Occupied Germany Zeev W. Mankowitz Index More information Index Notes 1 Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. 2 Most references are to Jews in American Zone of Occupied Germany (and Austria), except where otherwise indicated. DPs (displaced persons) is used to refer mainly to Jewish people. References to Nazis and the effects of the Second World War are omitted as they are implied throughout. AACI see Anglo-American Committee of assimilation as cause of, 181–183 Inquiry on Palestine discussed in Landsberger Lager Tsaytung, Abelski, B., 205n 165–167, 172–173, 181–184 Adcock, General, 260 renewed after war, 173, 183–184, Adler, Mikl´os,86 243–244, 251–262, 269 Adler-Rudel, Shlomo, 104 see also German people; pogroms Agudat Yisrael school, 133 Arendt, Hannah, 291 Ainring, 110 Argentina, 73 AJDC see Joint Distribution Committee Argov, Meir, 66 Akabas, Doctor, 199 armed resistance, 83, 156, 159 Akselrod, A., 204n, 208 honored in remembrance, 209–214, Albrich, Thomas, 270n 219, 221, 223 Aldak, D., 232 see also Warsaw Ghetto Revolt Aleksandrovitz, Chaim, 38n, 45n Armenians, 167 aliyah, 44, 188–189 Army meaning of, 272 American see US Army see also illegal immigrants; Mossad British, 17, 65, 90, 300 Le-Aliyah Bet; Palestine; Zionism French, 212 Allard, Marjorie, 290n Israeli, 302 Altman, Tusia, 148, 149n, 156 Jews in, 78; see also Jewish Brigade America see United States Polish, 18, 30, 163, 173 American Jewish Conference, 145–146,
    [Show full text]
  • CRS Issue Brief for Congress Received Through the CRS Web
    Order Code IB82008 CRS Issue Brief for Congress Received through the CRS Web Israel: Background and Relations with the United States Updated January 13, 2006 Carol Migdalovitz Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress CONTENTS SUMMARY MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS Historical Overview of Israel Government and Politics Overview Current Political Situation Economy Overview Current Issues Foreign Policy Middle East Iran Palestinian Authority Egypt Jordan Syria Lebanon Other European Union Relations with the United States Overview Issues Peace Process Trade and Investment Aid Security Cooperation Other Current Issues Military Sales Espionage-Related Cases Intellectual Property Protection U.S. Interest Groups IB82008 01-13-06 Israel: Background and Relations with the United States SUMMARY On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel officials resumed contacts after the November declared its independence and was immedi- 2004 death of Yasir Arafat. Both sides have ately engaged in a war with all of its neigh- accepted the internationally-brokered frame- bors. Armed conflict has marked every de- work for achieving a two-state solution, cade of Israel’s existence. Despite its unstable known as the “Roadmap,” which has not been regional environment, Israel has developed a implemented. Israel “unilaterally” disengaged vibrant parliamentary democracy, albeit with from Gaza in summer 2005 and has been relatively fragile governments. constructing a security barrier to separate itself from the Palestinians. Israel concluded a peace Prime Minister Ariel Sharon formed a treaty with Egypt in 1979 and with Jordan in three-party coalition in January 2005 in order 1994, but never reached accords with Syria to secure support for his plan to withdraw and Lebanon.
    [Show full text]
  • JCT Develops Solutions to Environmental Problems P.O.BOX 16031, JERUSALEM 91160 ISRAEL 91160 JERUSALEM 16031, P.O.BOX
    NISSAN 5768 / APRIL 2008, VOL. 13 Green and Clean JCT Develops Solutions to Environmental Problems P.O.BOX 16031, JERUSALEM 91160 ISRAEL 91160 JERUSALEM 16031, P.O.BOX NISSAN 5768 / APRIL 2008, VOL. 13 Green and Clean JCT Develops Solutions to Environmental Problems P.O.BOX 16031, JERUSALEM 91160 ISRAEL 91160 JERUSALEM 16031, P.O.BOX COMMENTARY JERUSALEM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY PRESIDENT Shalom! opportunity to receive an excellent education Prof. Joseph S. Bodenheimer allowing them to become highly-skilled, ROSH HAYESHIVA Rabbi Z. N. Goldberg Of the many things sought after professionals. More important ROSH BEIT HAMIDRASH we are proud at JCT, for our students is the opportunity available Rabbi Natan Bar Chaim nothing is more RECTOR at the College to receive an education Prof. Joseph M. Steiner prized than our focusing on Jewish values. It is this DIRECTOR-GENERAL students. In every education towards values that has always Dr. Shimon Weiss VICE PRESIDENT FOR DEVELOPMENT issue of “Perspective” been the hallmark of JCT and it is this AND EXTERNAL AFFAIRS we profile one of our students as a way of commitment to Jewish ethical values that Reuven Surkis showing who they are and of sharing their forms the foundation from which Israeli accomplishments with you. society will grow and flourish - and our EDITORS Our student body of 2,500 is a students and graduates take pride in being Rosalind Elbaum, Debbie Ross, Penina Pfeuffer microcosm of Israeli society: 21% are Olim committed to this process. DESIGN & PRODUCTION (immigrants) from the former Soviet Union, As we approach the Pesach holiday, the Studio Fisher Ethiopia, South America, North America, 60th anniversary of the State of Israel and JCT Perspective invites the submission of arti- Europe, Australia and South Africa, whilst the 40th anniversary of JCT, let us reaffirm cles and press releases from the public.
    [Show full text]
  • Till Death Do Us Part: the Halachic Prospects of Marriage for Conjoined (Siamese) Twins
    259 ‘Till Death Do Us Part: The Halachic Prospects of Marriage for Conjoined (Siamese) Twins By: REUVEN CHAIM KLEIN There are many unknowns when it comes to discussions about Siamese twins. We do not know what causes the phenomenon of conjoined twins,1 we do not know what process determines how the twins will be conjoined, and we do not know why they are more common in girls than in boys. Why are thoracopagical twins (who are joined at the chest) the most com- mon type of conjoinment making up 75% of cases of Siamese twins,2 while craniopagus twins (who are connected at the head) are less com- mon? When it comes to integrating conjoined twins into greater society, an- other bevy of unknowns is unleashed: Are they one person or two? Could they get married?3 Can they be liable for corporal/capital punishment? Contemporary thought may have difficulty answering these questions, es- pecially the last three, which are not empirical inquiries. Fortunately, in 1 R. Yisroel Yehoshua Trunk of Kutna (1820–1893) claims that Jacob and Esau gestated within a shared amniotic sac in the womb of their mother Rebecca (as evidenced from the fact that Jacob came out grasping his older brother’s heel). As a result, there was a high risk that the twins would end up sticking together and developing as conjoined twins. In order to counter that possibility, G-d mi- raculously arranged for the twins to restlessly “run around” inside their mother’s womb (Gen. 25:22) in order that the two fetuses not stick together.
    [Show full text]
  • The Haredim in Israel Who Are They and What Do They Want?
    The Haredim in Israel Who Are They and What Do They Want? Samuel C. Heilman and Menachem Friedman INSTITUTE ON AMERICAN JEWISH-ISRAELI RELATIONS THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE The Haredim in Israel ,/ Who Are They and What Do They Want? Sainuel C. Heilman JL and Menachem kr~edman Samuel C Heilman is a professor of sociology at Queens College of the City University of New York With Steven M. Cohen, hewote Cosmopditonr MdPardLF: Modem Onhodar Jews in America (1989). Menachem Friedman is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. With Emmanuel Sivan, he edited Re1igicu.s Radicalirm and Politics in the Middle East (1990). FOREWORD A recent New York Times article focused upon a struggle within the Orthodox Jewish community over the permissibility of mixed dancing in kosher dining facilities. Articles in other media have centered upon Orthodox "heresy-hunting" and initiatives to increase religious legislation in Israel, most notably efforts to amend the "Who is a Jew" clause in the Law of Return. Pervading these disputes has been the struggle behueen the Orthodox "right," often termed "haredi Orthodov). who seek to limit contact with the broader society, and the "Modern" or "Centrist Orthodox," who seek to establish parameters for fruitful and constructive engagement hetween Judaism and modern culture. Although media coverage of these disputes has been widespread, much misunderstanding and confusion prevail concerning these groups. Many assume that all haredim are anti-Zionist and emulate the Ayatollah Khomeini in seeking to inspire compulsory religious legislation. Others have misinterpreted the "Who is a Jew" debate in Israel as an effort to communicate to American Conservative and Reform Jews their lack of personal standing under Jewish religious law -- a rather sad commentary on how public signals from Israel affect the Jewish identity of American Jews.
    [Show full text]
  • Knights for Israel Honored at Camera Gala 2018 a Must-See Film
    Editorials ..................................... 4A Op-Ed .......................................... 5A Calendar ...................................... 6A Scene Around ............................. 9A Synagogue Directory ................ 11A JTA News Briefs ........................ 13A WWW.HERITAGEFL.COM YEAR 42, NO. 40 JUNE 8, 2018 25 SIVAN, 5778 ORLANDO, FLORIDA SINGLE COPY 75¢ JNF’s Plant Your Way website NEW YORK—Jewish Na- it can be applied to any Jewish tional Fund revealed its new National Fund trip and the Plant Your Way website that Alexander Muss High School easily allows individuals to in Israel (AMHSI-JNF) is a raise money for a future trip huge bonus because donors to Israel while helping build can take advantage of the 100 the land of Israel. percent tax deductible status First introduced in 2000, of the contributions.” Plant Your Way has allowed Some of the benefits in- many hundreds of young clude: people a personal fundraising • Donations are 100 percent platform to raise money for a tax deductible; trip to Israel while giving back • It’s a great way to teach at the same time. Over the children and young adults the last 18 years, more than $1.3 basics of fundraising, while million has been generated for they build a connection to Jewish National Fund proj- Israel and plan a personal trip Knights for Israel members (l-r): Emily Aspinwall, Sam Busey, Jake Suster, Jesse Benjamin Slomowitz and Benji ects, typically by high school to Israel; Osterman, accepted the David Bar-Ilan Award for Outstanding Campus Activism. students. The new platform • Funds raised can be ap- allows parents/grandparents plied to any Israel trip (up to along with family, friends, age 30); coworkers and classmates • Participant can designate Knights for Israel honored to open Plant Your Way ac- to any of Jewish National counts for individuals from Fund’s seven program areas, birth up to the age of 30, and including forestry and green at Camera Gala 2018 for schools to raise money for innovation, water solutions, trips as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Divrei Torah, Present- Hopeful Sign
    , t'-1==··1<<~.-,.~~ . ,>.,.~... a>·>F Haolam, the most trusted name in Cholov Yisroel Kosher Cheese. A reputation earned through 25 years of scrupulous devotion to quality and kashruth. With 12 delicious varieties. Hao!am, a tradition you'll enjoy keeping. All Haolam cheese products are made in the U.S.A. under the strict rabbinical supervision of: The Rabbinate of K'hal Adath Jeshurun 1~-:v1 Washington Heights. NY Cholov l'isroel THURM BROS. WORLD CHEESE CO. INC. BROOKLYN.NY 11232 I The Thurm Families wish Kial Yisroel a nn'V1 1'\V:J ln If it has no cholesterol, a better­ than-butter flavor, and a reputation for kashruth you can trust... It has to be 111 I the new, improved parve I a I unsalted margarine I~~ I Under the strict Rabbinical supervision of K'hal Adas jeshurun, NY. COMMERCIAL QUALITY • INSTITUTIONAL & RESIDENTIAL • WOOD • STEEL • PLASTIC • SWINGS • SLIDES • PICNIC TABLES • SCHOOL & CAMP EQUIPMENT • BASKETBALL SYSTEMS • RUBBER FLOORING • ETC. • Equipment meets or exceeds all ASTM and CPSC safety guidelines • Site planning and design services with state-of-the-art Auto CAD • Stainless steel fabrication for I ultimate rust resistance New Expanded I Playground Showroom! I better 5302 New Utrecht Avenue• Brooklyn, NY 11219 health Phone: 718-436-480 l INSHABBOS Swimmhlg in •'".:n.o Night Hike to Sattaf Heruliya Beach MeJava Malka nan 11 July 19 nrin"1' INSHABBOS 11'#.:nJI Brieflng & Packing for South nrin t:> Aug.2 OFFSHABBOS Special Visit To Spurts & Field Day Yad Vashem! in "l/'lfl' TJ :i.K 0 Aug. 13 :i.K t Aug.
    [Show full text]