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Padatan Terlarut Dan Tss (Total Suspended Solid)/Padatan Terusupensi Di Pesisir Perairan Sungai Kawal Kabupaten Bintan

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Padatan Terlarut Dan Tss (Total Suspended Solid)/Padatan Terusupensi Di Pesisir Perairan Sungai Kawal Kabupaten Bintan STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MOLUSKA BENTIK BERBASIS TDS (TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLID)/PADATAN TERLARUT DAN TSS (TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID)/PADATAN TERUSUPENSI DI PESISIR PERAIRAN SUNGAI KAWAL KABUPATEN BINTAN Benthic Mollusks Community Strukture Based on TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) at Kawal River Kabupaten Bintan WULAN SUCI 1, WINNY RETNA MELANI DAN TENGKU SAID RAZA’I 2) Study Programme Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, University Maritime Raja Ali Haji Email : [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Sungai Kawal Kelurahan Kawal Kabupaten Bintan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kelimpahan moluska bentik dan mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh dari TSS dan TDS terhadap kelimpahan moluska bentik di perairan Sungai Kawal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di lapangan moluska bentik yang ditemukan terdiri dari 2 kelas dari filum Moluska yaitu kelas Gastropoda dan kelas Bivalvia dengan jumlah spesies sebanyak 7 spesies. Setelah di analisis nilai kelimpahan total moluska bentik pada ketiga stasiun penelitian berkisar antara 501 ind/m2 – 1610 ind/m2 .dengan kelimpahan jenis tertinggi berasal dari spesies Pseudovertagus aluco dari Kelas Gastropoda. Nilai indeks Keanekaragaman (H”) moluska bentik berkisar antara 2,18 – 2,57. Nilai indeks Keseragaman (E) moluska bentik berkisar antara 0,88 – 0,91. Sedangkan nilai indeks Dominnasi (C) moluska bentik berkisar antara 0,16 – 0,19. Berdasarkan hasil regresi berganda diperoleh Nilai Koefisien Determinasi (R2) sebesar 76,7 %. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa persentase sumbangan pengaruh variable bebas (TSS dan TDS) terhadap variable terikat (Kelimpahan) sebesar 76,7 %. Atau variasi variabel bebas yang digunakan dalam model mampu menjelaskan sebesar 76,7 % variasi variabel terikat. ABSTRACT The research was conducted in the waters of the River Kawal, Kawal Village Bintan. This study aims to determine the number and abundance of benthic molluscs determine whether or not the effect of TSS and TDS to the abundance of benthic molluscs in the waters of the waters of the River Guard. Based on the results of research in the field of benthic molluscs are found to be composed of two classes of the phylum molluscs class Gastopod and Bivalve classes with as many as 7 species number of species. Once in the analysis of the value of the total abundance of benthic molluscs in the third research station ranged from 501 ind/m2 – 1610 ind/m2. Comes with the highest species abundance of the species of Class Gastropod a Pseudovertagus alco. Diversity index values (H’) of benthic mollucsc ranged from 2,18 - 2,57. Uniformity index value (E) of benthic ranged from 0,88 – 0,91. While the index value Dominants (C) benthic molluscs ranged from 0,16 – 0,19. Based on the resulots obtained regression coefficient value of determination (R2) of 76,7 %. This suggests that the contribution of the effect variable percentage of free (TSS and TDS) against the dependent variable (abundance) of 76,7% or variations of the independent variables used in the model are able to explain 76,7 % of variation in dependent variable. Keywords : Abundance of benthic mollucsc, TSS and TDS 1Student of Aquatic Resource Management Study Programme 2 Lecture of Aquatic Aquatic Resource Management Study Programme sekitar Perairan Sungai Kawal Kelurahan Kawal Kabupaten Bintan. PENDAHULUAN Pesisir adalah daerah pertemuan antara METODE darat dan laut (Soegiarto, dalam Kordi, 2007). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Sungai Kawal merupakan salah satu daerah Juni sampai Agustus 2012 di lokasi Sungai pesisir yang terdapat di Kabupaten Bintan. Kawal Kabupaten Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Sungai Kawal terdiri kawasan pesisir sungai Riau. Analisis secara ex situ di lakukan di yang dijadikan oleh masyarakat sebagai Laboratorium Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan tempat pemukiman, daerah muara sungai yang Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. dijadikan alur pelayaran kapal nelayan, dimana sungai Kawal ini menjadi tempat Alat dan Bahan aktifitas manusia yang berpengaruh terhadap Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dapat ekosistem di sekitarnya dan daerah hulu sungai dilihat pada Tabel 1. yang jauh dari aktivitas manusia. Peran Sungai Kawal ini sangat penting selain di manfaatkan Tabel 1. Alat dan Bahan yang Digunakan oleh manusia juga dimanfaatkan oleh No Parameter Satua Bahan dan Alat organisme-organisme yang hidup di perairan Lingkungan n sungai baik di permukaan maupun di dasarnya. 1 Moluska Ind/m Eckman Grap, Moluska berperan penting dalam suatu Bentik saringan benthos ekosistem yaitu sebagai bagian dari rantai 2 TDS Mg/l Kertas filter, oven, makanan dan sebagai indikator pencemaran. 3 TSS Mg/l cawan petri, suntik penghisap Perubahan kualitas perairan khususnya 4 Suhu Perairan 0C Thermometer sungai disebabkan oleh buangan dari berbagai 5 Kedalaman M Tali dengan pemberat kegiatan manusia ke lingkungannya, yang 6 Ph Indikator Universal menyebabkan perubahan terhadap kondisi 7 Oksigen Mg/l DO meter fisik, kimia, biologis dan estetis penampakan terlarut (O2) dari luarnya. Menurut EPA (1999) dalam 8 Substrat Saringan bertingkat Hidayat et al. (2004), kekeruhan (TSS dan TDS) secara umum mengganggu biota Prosedur Penelitian dikarenakan akan menghalangi masuknya Sampel moluska bentik di ambil dengan sinar matahari bagi kebutuhan fotosistesis menggunakan eckman grap yang di fitoplankton, menurunkan kesediaan oksigen tenggelamkan ke dasar perairan pada terlarut, memicu sedimentasi penyebab kedalaman 1- 2,5 meter di setiap titik sampling pendangkalan, mengganggu pandangan visual masing-masing stasiun yang di tentukan. hewan, mempengaruhi perilaku dan sistem Sampel moluska yang diperoleh lalu makan (termasuk interaksi biota) dan dimasukkan ke dalam kantong plastik dan pernafasan hewan. Melihat tingginya aktivitas diberi label kemudian di bawa ke Sungai Kawal yang salah satunya di duga Laboratorium Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan menyebabkan kekeruhan (TSS dan TDS) yang untuk diamati dan diidentifikasi mulai dari akan berdampak buruk terhadap kehidupan Kelas, Ordo, Famili, dan Genus nya menurut biota mollusca bentik. Adapun tujuan dari buku identifikasi Darma (1988). Sedangkan penelitian ini adalah : pengukuran kualitas air diantaranya: Suhu, 1. Mengetahui kelimpahan dan keragaman Derajat Keasaman (pH), Salinitas, Oksigen jenis mollusca bentik yang dominan di Terlarut, TSS dan TDS. daerah Perairan Sungai Kawal Kelurahan Kawal Padat Tersuspensi (TSS) 2. Mengetahui hubungan antara kelimpahan Zat padat tersuspensimerupakan residu mollusca bentik dominan dengan TSS dan yang diperoleh apabila zat padat dalam TDS. sampel dipisahkan dengan menggunakan filter Sedangkan manfaat penelitian untuk kertas atau filter fiber glass (serabut kaca) dan memberikan gambaran potensi gangguan kemudian zat padat yang tertahan pada filter kekeruhan (TSS dan TDS) terhadap kehidupan 0 dikeringkan pada suhu ± 105 C. dengan mollusca bentik sebagai akibat aktivitas perhitungan: manusia yang semakin nyata berlanjut di 2 mg/ℓ Zat Tersuspensi =(a-b) x 1000 Analisis Data c Kelimpahan Individu dimana : a = berat filter dan residu sesudah Kelimpahan individu moluska bentik 0 pemanasan 105 C (mg), dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus b = berat filter kering (sudah Shannon-Wener (Odum, 1993). 0 dipanaskan 105 C) (mg) c = mℓ sampel Y = 10.000 x a b Padat Terlarut (TDS) Larutan yang mengandung zat terlarut Dimana : Y = Jumlah organisme moluska adalah residu yang lolos filter ≈ 10 µm yang bentik (ind/m²) kemudian di uapkan dan di keringkan pada a = Jumlah moluska bentik (ind) suhu 1050 C dengan perhitungan : b = Luas alat pengambilan sampel (cm²) mg/ℓ Zat Padat Terlarut = (a-b) x 1000 c Indeks Keanekaragaman Shanon Wiener (H’) dimana : a = berat cawan dan residu sesudah Keanekaragaman suatu biota air dapat pemanasan 1050C ditentukan dengan menggunakan teori b = berat cawan (kosong) (mg) c = mℓ sampel informasi Shanon Wiener (H’). Adapun indeks tersebut adalah sebagai berikut Substrat (Koesoebiono,1987) : Jumlah sample sedimen yang S S diperlukan sekitar 100 gram. Sampel H = ∑Pi ln Pi atau H = ∑ Pi log2 Pi dikeringkan dan dianalisis dengan i=1 i=1 menggunakan ayakan bertingkat (metode ayakan kering) dengan ukuran mata ayakan Dengan : (meshes) 2,36 mm, 2,00 mm, 1,18 mm, 500 Pi = jumlah individu masing-masing µm(0,5 mm), 250µmb (0,25 mm), 125µm jenis (i=1,2,3,...) (0,125mm), dan 106µm (0,106 mm). Analisis S = jumlah jenis substrat berdasarkan bentuk ukuran butir H = penduga keragaman populasi sedimen menurut skala Wenworth, seperti Kategori penilaian tingkat yang tertera dalam tabel 2. keanekaragaman jenis berdasarkan Indeks Tabel 2. Analisis Ukuran Butiran Shannon-Wiener dalam Soegianto (1994) Substrat Wenworth adalah: No Nama Partikel Ukuran (mm) H’ ≤ 1 = Keanekaragaman Sangat 1 Bongkah (Boulder) >256 Rendah 1 ≤ H’ ≤ 1,59 = Keanekaragaman Rendah 2 Krakal (Coble) 64 – 256 1,6 ≤ H’ ≤ 2 = Keanekaragaman Sedang 3 Batu Kerikil (Peble) 4 – 64 (Stone) H’ > 2 = Keanekaragaman Tinggi 4 Butiran (Granule) 2 - 4 Pasir sangat kasar (V. Course Indeks Keseragaman atau Equitabilitas (E) 5 1 - 2 Sand) Bila nilai indeks keseragaman tinggi, 6 Pasir kasar (Course Sand) 0,5 - 1 menandakan kandungan setiap taxon (jenis) Pasir 7 (Sand) Pasir sedang (Medium Sand) 0,25 – 0,5 tidak mengalami perbedaan. Nilai indeks keseragaman berkisar 0-1. Indeks 8 Pasir Halus (Fine Sand) 0,125 – 0,25 keseragaman ini dihitung berdasarkan rumus : Pasir sangat halus (V. fine 9 0,0625 – 0,125 sand) E = H = H’ 10 Lumpur kasar (Coarse Silt) 0,03125 – 0,0625 Hmax log2 (s) Lumpur 11 Lumpur Sedang
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