September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS WILD AND SCENIC RIVER one classification, or is it possible to have a to accommodate the existing and permissible DESIGNATION combination of river classifications? levels of recreational use. Generally, fee ac­ A. It is possible to have portions of a river quisition would be confined to land needed classified as either wild, scenic or recreational to provide access and fac111t1es to the gen­ HON. MAX BAUCUS depending on the character of each river eral public and to protect the river and section. resource values which would otherwise be OF MONTANA 3. Q. Could less than the entire river be in Jeopardy from less-than-fee control. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES included? remainder of the land within the boundary Monday, September 26, 1977 A. Yes, but generally a river segment could be controlled by scenic easements and, would have to be at least 25 miles long. A when acceptable to the Secretary of the Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. Speaker, in his en­ shorter stretch that has outstanding quali­ Interior, by adequately enforced local zoning vironmental message of May 22, 1977, fications might, however, be included in the regulations. President Carter recommended the in­ national wild and scenic rivers system. 8. Q. How do scenic easements work? clusion of portions of the Madison and 4. Q. How may a river be included into the A. Scenic easements are essentially agree­ Yellowstone Rivers in Montana into the national wild and scenic rivers system? ments between the Federal Government and A. Two ways are possible. First, a river the landowner in which the Federal Govern­ National Wild and Scenic Rivers Sys­ designated for potential addition to the sys­ ment buys the right to certain uses on tem. Over the past few months, many tem would be studied and found to be worthy selected portions of the owner's land. For a Montanans have requested information of inclusion. An Act of Congress would be re­ national wild, scenic or recreational river about the Wild and Scenic Rivers Sys­ quired to place the river into the system. the Federal Government would purchase an tem. Many landowners have had ques­ Secondly, the Governor of the State in which owner's right to cut timber or shrubbery, to tions regarding the effects, if any, that a a river lies may petition the Secretary of the put up buildings, or any use which would Wild and Scenic River designation would Interior to include the river into the na­ detract from the scenic beauty of the river. tional system. Under this arrangement, the The landowner would retain all other rights have on their property. river under consideration must first be desig­ to this land except those purchased by the Personally, I have taken no position yet nated and administered by the State or one Federal Government, and he may sell or leave on either of the President's proposals. I of its political subdivisions as a wild, scenic them to his heirs, etc.~ as would be the case suspect they will be submitted soon in or recreational river and meet the criteria for any other property he owns. The rights bill form as formal legislative proposals. established for components of the national purchased by the Federal Government, and When that happens, an intensive deliber­ wild and scenic rivers system. If the river only those rights, remain with the land in ative process will ensue in which I and qualifies for inclusion into the national sys­ any transaction the owner may have. This may constituents will undoubtedly play a tem, it would be designated by the Secretary applies only to that land for which the scenic of the Interior but would continue to be ad­ easement ls negotiated. lively role. ministered by the State or one of its political Such easements would require detailed in­ In anticipation of that event, and be­ subdivisions without expense to the Federal vestigation before the advisab111ty and de­ cause of certain experiences I had last Government. gree of protection to be contained in the year with similar legislation, I asked the 6. Q. Who may administer a national wild easement can be determined. U.S. Department of the Interior to pre­ and scenic river? 9. Q. Is it possible to provide acceptable pare for me some explanatory materials. A. Streams designated to the system by land-use control through the use of zoning? Before offering these materials to my col­ an Act of Congress wlll normally be at least A. Under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, leagues, let me tell you of the experi­ partially administered by a Federal agency. land cannot be acquired through condemna­ Secretarial approved rivers (those rivers pro­ tion if such lands are located within any ences I had which prompted me to ask for tected by States and included in the na­ incorporated city or town which has. in force this information. tional system by administrative action) valld zoning ordinances that fulfill the pur­ Last year portions of the Flathead and must be administered by the State or one poses of the Act and are acceptable to the Missouri Rivers in Montana were in­ of its political subdivisions at no cost to Secretary of the Interior. cluded in the National Wild and Scenic the Federal Government. However, any State 10. Q. May condemnation be used to ac­ River System. During the course of Con­ agency or political subdivision may become quire fee title and easement? gressional consideration of those pro­ involved in administration of a Federal river A. Yes, however, this method ls used only posals, a great deal of erroneous and con­ through cooperative agreements with a Fed­ as a last resort. It ls preferred to conduct flicting information regarding Wild and eral agency. purchases through negotiations with land­ Scenic River designation was dissemin­ 6. Q. What are the boundary limitations of owners and this ls the manner in which most ated. a national wild and scenic river? purchases are made. A. The National Wild and Scenic Rivers The condemnation authority ls, however, The Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, De­ Act states that not more than an average of subject to restrictions. Lands located within partment of the Interior, prepared at my 100 acres per mile on both sides of the any incorporated city or town which has in request the following short summary of river ( 5.0 acres on each side) may be ac­ force a valid zoning ordinance and which pertinent Wild and Scenic River ques­ quired in fee title. This applies both to those conforms with the purposes of the Act can­ tions and answers. I have found this rivers designated as "instant" components not be condemned. Furthermore, where 50 summary to be very helpful, and I trust of the system and to any river which may be percent or more of the total acreage within later added to the system by an Act of a federally administered river ls owned by the my colleagues will also: Congress unless Congress specifies otherwise. United States, a State or a political subdivi­ WILD AND ScENIC RIVER STUDIES-QUESTIONS Also, the Act Umits the boundary of the sion, the Act prohibits acquisition by con­ AND ANSWERS instant rivers to an average of not more than demnation altogether. 1. Q. What are the criteria used in deter­ 320 acres per mile on both sides of the river 11. Q. Do limitations on Federal condemna­ mining whether or not a river should be in­ (160 acres on each side). This total includes tion and purchase of land apply to rivers in cluded in the national wild and scenic rivers the 100 acres in fee title plus an additional the national wild and scenic rivers system system? 220 acres acquired in less-than-fee, such as under State administration? A. Generally, rivers included in the system by scenic easement. A. No, these are not applicable to rivers must be free-flowing streams which have In the event that a river ls added to the under State administration. outstanding remarkable scenic, recreational, national system by application of a State 12. Q. Suppose I own a home and property geological, fish and wildlife, historic, cultural governor to the Secretary of the Interior, the which Ue inside the proposed river area boun­ or other similar values. They must also be State should, as a minimum, have as much daries. Could I sell my land to the Federal long enough (generally 25 miles or more) to control of that river as would be required Government and continue to live in my provide a meaningful recreation experience, should the same area be managed as a Fed­ home? have sufficient volume of water, and have eral component within the system. All land high or restorable water quality. A. Yes, an owner of improved property (a purcha':'es in this instance would be a State detached, one-family dwelllng) whose prop­ Rivers included in the national wild and responsib111ty. erty ls acquired by the Federal Government scenic rivers system are classified, designated 7. Q. What does purchase in fee title mean may retain for himself and his successors the and administered as either wild, scenic or exactly? right of use and occupancy for a period of his recreational river areas. A. Within a recommended boundary for choice not to exceed 25 years, or the owner 2. Q. If a river was to be recommended for a wild and scenic river, all property rights may instead choose a right of use and occu­ inclusion in the national wild and scenic are aequired to some lands in order to pro­ pancy for the remainder of his life and that rivers system, would the entire river be under vide protection of the natural scene and of his spouse. CXXIIl--1950-Part 24 30992 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 13. Q. Would landowners be compensated 2. Threats and Probabil1ty of their Oc­ tlonal Wild and Scenic Rivers System. This for their lands? currence: determination was based on the fact that the A. Yes, of course. The value of a.ll lands Streamside subdivision of lands for recrea­ required structures would be located on a and improvements obtained in fee title a.nd tion homesite and related developments is side channel and the additional withdrawal a.ll rights purchased under easement would the most immediate threat to the river. Such of 320 cfs would not have a significant im­ be determined and purchased a.t their fa.ir development has been occurring for a num­ pact on river resources during most years. market value. There is no provision, however, ber of years and is likely to continue due to a Other water resource proposals, such as under which the Federal Government ma.y lack of control over uses on private lands SCS watershed irrigation projects, were not reimburse a. landowner for rights foregone that border the river. considered to have serious direct impacts as a result of zoning instituted by a non­ Concerning potential water resource de­ upon the study reach of the Yellowstone. Federal unit of government. velopment projects, the only one that ls pro­ The Whitehorse Bench Unit and the Cove 14. Q. May the right of use a.nd occupancy posed in the river segment discussed here is Unit in the vicinity of Laurel, and the Hunt­ be terminated before the term expires? the Cameron Bench Unit. A small diversion ley South Unit at the extreme end of the A. Yes, the Secretary of the administering dam (no storage) would be located about study segment, are three irrigation project Federal department (the Secretary of the 25 miles below Earthquake Lake that would proposals which would deplete river flow to Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture) ma.y provide water for the irrigation of about 20,- some exent. The Whitehorse Bench is con­ terminate the right of use and occupancy 700 acres (3,400 acres of supplemental water). sidered to be economically feasible but there whenever this right is being exercised in a 3. Relationship to Other studies: is no active interest at present. The Cove manner which confliots with the purposes of Due to severe reductions in fish popula­ Unit ls not considered to be economically the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. An example tions in the past few years, certain parts of feasible, but it may be pursued by the pri­ might be commercial use of the property. the upper Madison River are closed to fish­ vately owned Cove Ditch Company. The 15. Q . How is the boundary of a wild, scenic ing as part of an effort to determine the Huntley South Unit is considered to be or recreational river determined? cause. A study ls currently underway by the marginal. A. A "visual corridor" serves as the basis Montana Department of Fish and Game to Certain nonwater projects may also have for determining appropriate boundaries. The ascertain whether there ls any relation be­ adverse effects on the river corridor. Three visual corridor is essentially tha.t zone or ad­ tween angling pressure and the decrease in of the alternates for a 12-miles construction jacent land which has a visual impact on the fish populations. project on U.S. Highways 310 and 212 south river user and which, therefore, should be 4. Land Ownership a.nd Use: of Laurel would require a new highway protected from adverse use and development At its upstream end, the Madison River right-of-way and bridge site across the Yel­ if the natural and scenic appeal of the river­ flows through a portion of the Gallatin Na­ lowstone River. Another example is the ap­ way is to be maintained. The width of the tional Forest for a distance of about, 8 or 9 plication by the Montana Power Company to 0 visual corridor varies depending on the niles. Between the forest bounda.ry and cross the river with a 2,400-volt transmission height and angle of slope of adjacent river­ Ennis Lake, most of the land bordering the line in the vicinity of Livingston. banks and bluffs and on the a.mount of river (about 95 percent), is in private own­ 3. Relationship to Other Studies: vegetative cover near the river's edge. Where ership except for small scattered tracts of The Missouri River Basin Commission is canyon walls lie near the river, the land area public domain and state-owned lands. Much presently in the process of conducting a subject to control would usually be to the of the private land is either devoted to agri­ study of water-related resources in the Yel­ canyon rim. Where the river valley is broader culture or being developed for private home­ lowstone River Basin and adjacent coal area. and streamside vegetation determines the sites. This study includes the entire segment of river user's perception of the corridor, only a the river from its source to Pompey's Pillar narrow strip of land adjacent to the river YELLOWSTONE RIVER, WYOMING AND MONTANA except for that portion within Yellowstone would be included in the visual corridor. (Main stem from Yellowstone Lake to Pom­ National Park. The Bureau of Outdoor Rec­ In this manner the boundary of a river pey's Pillar) reation is participating in this study. area may vary in width according to the 1. Significant Values: The river segment from the Yellowstone topography and vegetative cover along its The Yellowstone River, which stretches National Park boundary to Pompey's Pllla.r length. Based on experience, the maximum from its source at Yellowstone Lake in Wyo­ was included in a previous list of potential allowable average acreage as provided in the ming to its confluence with the Missouri wild or scenic rivers, pursuant to Section 5 Act may not be needed in all cases to pre­ River in extreme northwestern North Dakota, (d) of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. A serve the natural character of a river. is one of our nation's last large, essentially BOR-led study team in a 1975 report (copy 16. Q. To what extent does the Act regard free-flowing rivers. The initial segment of the of which is attached made a preliminary de­ rights-of-way to prevent intrustions of high­ river within the boundaries of Yellowstone termination that segments of the river qual­ ways into or a.cross wild or scenic river areas? National Park encompass the gamut of wild­ ified for inclusion in the National Wild and A. The Secretary of the Interior or the erness values. Downstream, fish and wildlif.e, Scenic Rivers System. Secretary of Agriculture has the power to recreation, and historical values are signifi­ 4. Land Ownership and Use: prevent any encroachment if he feels it cant. The Montana Stream Classification Nearly all of the lands in the immediate would detract from the river scene. Roads Committee determined that 153 of the 225 vicinity of the river are in private owner­ are permitted on rivers classified as recrea­ miles of river between Gardiner (at the ship. Even within the Gallatin National For­ tional but are more restricted in river areas northern boundary of Yellowstone National est near Gardiner, the major portion of the classified as wild or scenic. Park) a.nd Pompey's Plllar are of nationwide lands fronting the river is privately owned. or statewide trout-fishing significance. That Thus, the primary land use is for agriculture Mr. Speaker, I woulet also like to in­ same stretch of river in recent years has been and homesite development. clude two more items that relate to the managed by the Montana Fish and Game The upper portion of the river, from Yel­ wild and scenic rivers issue. Listed be­ Commission as a free-flowing recreation lowstone Lake to Gardiner, is within the na­ low are more specifics on the Madison waterway. Two trails of historic significance tional park and is entirely within Federal and potential additions to the National ownership. The segment of the river from and Yellowstone proposal'5. These two Trails System, either follow or cross the river Gardiner to Pompey's Pillar traverses five descriptions were prepared by the De­ segment-the Lewis and Clark and Nez Perce countif:5 in Montana. Of these lands, Federal partment of the Interior and submitted Trails. ownership comprises about 29 percent, State to me at my request. 2. Threats and Probability of their Oc­ ownership about 3.4 percent, and private or As I mentioned earlier, I have taken currence: local owners~ip the balance. Lands which are no position yet on either of these pro­ Numerous water projects either exist or immediately adjacent to the river have an posals. I offer them now simply to shed have been proposed along the length of the even greater percentage of private ownership Yellowstone. The Allenspur Dam and Power than is reflected in the county-wide figures. more light on this issue. Plant a.nd the Billings Water Supply Unit are MADISON RIVER, MONTANA the two which would have the greatest effect (Ma.in stem from Earthquake Lake to on the river. Ennis Lake) The Allenspur Unit, located 2.5 miles above AN EXPLANATION 1. Significant Values: l,ivingston, is a Bureau of Reclam,tion pro­ posal. The earth and rock fill dam would Excellent fishing opportunities are pos­ stretch a.bout 2,700 feet across a narrow can­ sible along this segment of the Madison yon, creating a 31-mile long reservoir in the HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR River, which attracts anglers from across the Paradise Val1ey area between Livingston and OF PENNSYLVANIA Nation. The Madison also is one of Montana's Gardiner. The Bureau of Reclamation con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most popular floating and canoeing streams, cluded in 1964 that no need or justification especially that portion from McAtee Bridge existed at that time for the dam, and subse­ Monday, September 26, 1977 (22 miles south of Ennis) to Ennis Lake. The quent reviews have upheld that conclusion. Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, last Fri­ float through Beartrap Canyon is probably The project is considered inactive at this the most hazardous of any rivers in south­ time. day, September 23, 1977, I had several western Montana.. Below the canyon, the It is felt that the Billings Water Supply important commitments in Pennsyl­ river meanders slowly and affords few ob­ Unit would not, by itself, alter the Yellow­ vania that required my missing several stacles to floating. stone's eligibi11ty for inclusion in the Na- important votes. Early Friday I spoke September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30993 to a conference at the Franklin In­ Although relatively few individuals-prob­ concluded that, in the process of con­ stitute on the National Energy Plan: ably less than 1,000-may be affected by the sidering aviation regulatory reform, a Regional Implications. Later, I met operation of this b111, it is the obligation of the American people to recognize our debt new, alternative approach to such reform with Mr. Manuel S. Whitman, executive to those unjustly deprived of liberty. should be placed before the Congress and director of economic development for I note that retirement credit would be considered as the House proceeds with its Delaware County. I also had a public granted without regard to the age of the work on these important measures. forum that day. On Friday there were civil service employee at the time of his or Therefore, I am today introducing a bill four recorded votes. Had I been there I her detention. Without a specific age provi­ to enact the National Air Transportation would have voted as follows: sion, the civil service would, in some cases, Act of 1978, which I submit for study, Roll No. 579 to approve the Journal be giving retirement credit to some indi­ analysis, comment, and consideration by from Thursday. Passed 332 to 14, I viduals who were below the minimum work­ the Congress and the public. would have voted "yes." ing age at the time of their detention. The subcommittee may wish to consider this fact. The major argument about the need Roll No. 580 H.R. 6796 ERDA civilian I commend the members of this distin­ for aviation "de-regulation," or "re­ research and development authoriza­ guished subcommittee for their attention to regulation," is that there are many tion. Passed 317 to 47-2 present. I this matter. I am certain that enactment of people who are not flying because fares would have voted "yes." this b111 into law would be welcome news to are too high. This is called market elas­ Roll No. 581 H.R. 3 medicare-medic­ many in my home State of California. ticity. The argument continues that fares aid antifraud and abuse. Passed 362 to 5. are too high because there is no real I would have voted "yes." competition between the carriers be­ Roll No. 582 H.R. 5383 Age Discrimi­ cause of CAB restrictions and protec­ nation in Employment Act Amend­ AIRLINE REGULATORY REFORM­ tionist policies; that deregulation will ments. Passed 359 to 4-1 present. I A NEW APPROACH lead to more carriers, more competition would have voted "yes." on routes, lower fares and, therefore, HON. ELLIOTT H. LEVITAS more passengers and higher profits. If all OF GEORGIA of these results would occur, then I as­ sume that everyone would favor de­ CONGRESSMAN DANIELSON SUP­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES regulation. But, because we do not really PORTS JAPANESE AMERICAN IN­ Monday, September 26, 1977 know what will occur in the event of de­ TERNEE BILL Mr. LEVITAS. Mr. Speaker, the United regulation, many people are worried that States has the finest and safest aviation the results of some of the present pro­ HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA system in the world. It has generally posals will result in breaking up the OF CALIFORNIA performed outstanding service for the industry like Humpty-Dumpty, with the result that we will not be able to put IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American traveling and shipping public and has received a high vote of public it back together again. Monday, September 26, 1977 confidence recently in a public opinion Nevertheless, something needs to be Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, the Sub­ poll. done, and my bill is a possible alternative committee on Compensation and Em­ Nevertheless, in recent years the air­ and new approach to an orderly and ployee Benefits of the Committee on Post line industry overall has encountered rational effort to bring about regulatory Office and Civil Service--chaired by serious financial problems, even though reform in the aviation industry, for its Congresswoman GLADYS N. SPELLMAN­ fares have continued to increase at a benefit and most importantly for the held hearings on September 12, 1977, rate which has become a major concern benefit of the public. on H.R. 6412. This is a biU I introduced to many consumers. Dr. Alfred E. Kahn, the new Chair­ that would allow credit under the Fed­ Although the airline industry has a man of the CAB, has said that if more eral civil service retirement system for good record, that does not mean there is competition in the airline industry is any Japanese American civil servants no room for improvement. Obviously, needed, then CAB needs a new charter, who were forced to live in an internment there is room for improvement. Part of new instructions from the Congress. He camp during World War II because of the problems which now exist, and there­ has also said that with a proper new their Japanese ancestry. fore part of the opportunity for improve­ charter, he believes that, under his lead­ My colleague, Congressman GEORGE E. ment, .is the existing restrictive, snail­ ership, CAB could lead the industry into DANIELSON, California, is a cosponsor of paced regulatory system under which the a new period of healthy and profitable aviation industry operates. competition. One aspect of my bill is just that legislation and joined in urging the Consumers, passengers, present and subcommittee to act favorably on the bill. that: To provide CAB with a new charter past administrations, economists, and which will let it do the job; and, if it Last week, on September 12, he appeared even leaders in the industry itself have before the subcommittee which is con­ works, to move toward deregulation in a called for changes in the present Civil real sense. Now let us turn to the bill sidering my bill and made a strong state­ Aeronautics Board system of regulation. ment in support of it. His statement fol­ I agree. Change and reform are needed itself. lows: to benefit the public and the industry The major purpose of the National Air STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN GEORGE E. alike. Proposals for change in the exist­ Transportation Act of 1978 is to provide DANIELSON ing system have generally been labeled the Civil Aeronautics Board with a new Madam Chairman, I appreciate this oppor­ "de-regulation." The fact of the matter congressional mandate to guide the tunity to add my support for the bill H .R. is that most of these present proposals Board in moving this Nation's C:omestic 6412, a bill authorizing retirement credit for for change are not "de-regulation" but air transportation system toward an even civil service employees of Japanese Ameri­ more competitive status than that which can extraction who were forced to relocate to are rather a variety of proposals for and spend time in detention camps during "re-regulation''-a reordering of the reg­ now exists, and in improving the U.S.­ World War II. ulatory system for more ease of entry, flag international air transportation sys­ This bill, if enacted, would eliminate the fares, rates, and the like, to be achieved tem. arbitrary prerequisite of having to have been mainly by a series or arbitrary, untested This new set of instructions is pri­ a civil service employee before July 16, 1952, numerical formulas; but these proposals marily contained in five areas of the act: in order to qualify for retirement credit as generally do not call for an orderly, ra­ First, in a wholly new policy statement provided under present law. All detainees tional de-regulation of the restrictive and (section 2 of the bill) :or the Board's who joined the civil service would be able to receive the credit. uneconomic system which now exists. guidance, which emphasizes competition I believe that this is a fair and overdue For over 2 years now, I have been care­ in the industry much more strongly than improvement of the present law. Time spent fully studying this important issue. As a does the present Federal Aviation Act of in the detention camps would be counted as member of the House Aviation Subcom­ 1958, coupled with replacement of the 1! the detainee had been employed in a civil mittee, I have participated in weeks and present specification that new or addi­ service job. weeks of testimonial hearings, read tional services must be "required'' by the The important point is that the retirement mounds and mounds of documents, and public convenience and necessity, with a credit should be given to these former de­ listened to hundreds of people address all specification that they merely be found tainees without regard to when they later aspects of this question. I have studied to be "consistent with" those elements Joined the civil service. the variety of pending bills and have (section 4(c)); second, in a section (sec- 30994 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 tion 17 of the bill) , not contained in the 10th anniversary of this energetic group. the bad financial situation in which present Federal Aviation Act, requiring I was pleased that I could be on hand many farmers and ranchers find them­ the Board to act in a most expeditious with my administrative assistant, Jerome selves. This is because of the ability to manner on new and competitive route Williams, to help celebrate this mile­ refinance debts based on the paper value applications, and on other regulatory stone. Mr. Williams was, incidentally, a of increased land values is keeping some matters; third, in a provision (section charter member of the group. farmers and ranchers in business for an­ 16) granting carriers increased pricing Among the many successful produc­ other year or two. flexibility which, together with the em­ tions put on by this group are "Dark of I sincerely hope that this study will phasis on expedited grant of competitive the Moon," their first, "Black Girl," help change this misconception regard­ route applications, should result in addi­ "John Brown's Body," ''Silver Whistle," ing the financial situation of many tional price competition within the in­ "Day of Absence," "Happy Ending,'' and farmers and ranchers, and encourage dustry; fourth, in provisions (sections the 10th anniversary production, reforms in our Nation's farm policy. 4(c) and 16) immediately deregulating ''Pearlie." all-cargo air transportation; and, fifth, Special mention should be made of in provisions for replacement of carriers Mrs. Sally Forth, their first president, not using existing nonstop authority with and Mrs. Willette Carter, who spawned THE NEED TO PROTECT OUR other carriers willing to do so, and for the idea for this black cultural group. WETLANDS transfer of authority between carriers The Persona Players were a long-time and from carriers to new entrants into affiliate of the Page-Park YMCA. They HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. the industry, where that is appropriate have recently added a new dimension to for full utilization of certiflcated au­ their activities by establishing a Jean Q. OF MARYLAND thority. Washington Scholarship Fund. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These various provisions in combina­ This effort is in commemoration of a Monday, September 26, 1977 tion, together with section 406 of the former Persona member. It awards fi­ Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, on April 6, present act which would be carried for­ nancial assistance to deserving high 1977, I explained why I voted against the ward, will assure continuation of essen­ school graduates who wish to pursue a Water Pollution Control Act Amend­ tial small community service. degree in the arts. ments of 1977. I felt that the House had In addition, the act would provide for The scholarship fund was initiated in gone too far in H.R. 3199 to relieve the total deregulation 7 years hence, through the memory of a prominent St. Louis problem of "redtape." It had gone so far a complete "sunset" provision applicable educator and beloved charter member, that we may have imperiled our very val­ to the board and its functions. The act the late Jean Quinones Washington. The uable wetlands. The Senate has passed a calls for a comprehensive review of the scholarship committee is charged with very different version of the amendments CAB's implementation of the act's provi­ the responsibility of selecting a student and therefore a conference committee is sions, and of their impact on the industry from one of the area schools to become necessary. and the traveling and shipping public, to the recipient of the award. I have no way of knowing how that be submitted at the end of 5 years in I wish to take this opportunity to com­ committee will resolve the differences order to permit congressional review mend the Persona Players for having that separate the two houses on this is­ prior to the slated 7-year expiration date. served as a inspiration to the St. Louis sue. I still believe that we can balance While thus providing for eventual, full community. the need for our State and local govern­ deregulation, and for a continued transi­ ments to be free of Federal Government tion to increased route and pricing com­ "redtape" and protect our inland wet­ petition, the act would in the meantime FAMILY FARMERS/RANCHERS ARE LIVING ON FALSE PAPER EQUITY lands. leave the CAB with general control over In the Baltimore Sun of September 24, both the continued development of the 1977, the Chairman of the President's national air route structure and industry HON. LARRY PRESSLER Council on Environmental Quality com­ pricing. In this manner, increased indus­ OF SOUTH DAKOTA mented on the protection necessary for try route and price competition can be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our wet lands. I think it would be wise for explored, but a control mechanism will all of our colleagues to read this short remain to prevent undesirable, unfore­ Monday, September 26, 1977 article as the Congress attempts to find seen consequences pending the review 5 Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, nearly a solution to this thorny problem: years hence. one-third of all South Dakota farmers WETLANDS IN LEGISLATIVE PERIL As an additional, general matter, the who have debts are refinancing them Sir: Congress will soon decide how many proposed act, unlike other current regu­ rather than paying them this year, ac­ blllions should be spent to clean up the na­ latory proposals, takes due note of the cording to a recent bankers' study. tion's waters. Ironically, the same clean water high priority which this Nation must About one-third of all the farmers in legislation may lead to widespread destruc­ place on energy conservation, both now the upper Midwest in:luding South tion of our nation's wetlands, a natural re­ and in the future. source of immense environmental value. If Dakota, and as many as one-half of they are destroyed we lose one of the richest Mr. Speaker, I commend this bill to Kansas' farmers will have to refinance habitats on earth for fish and wildlife, nat­ the attention of the Congress, the admin­ their debts rather than pay them this ural capacity to filter pollutants from water istration, the industry, and the public. year because of low farm prices. and buffers against storms and floods. The only thing that is keeping farm­ The 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control ers and ranchers on the land is that the Act established protection of these wetlands paper value of their land is increasing. as an integral part of our national water PERSONA PLAYERS PROVIDE CUL­ This allows them to refinance existing system. Congress is now considering amend­ TURAL ENRICHMENT ments to this act which would remove fed­ credit. eral protection from 75 to 80 per cent of the But this cannot go on much longer. country's remaining wetlands. President HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY Such refinancing is artiflcial since it is Carter and a majority of the Senate are op­ based on the value of land which a posed to the change to this House approved OF MISSOURI farmer does not intend to sell except in amendment. Their differences wlll be resolved IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES destitution. in a conference committee. Monday, September 26, 1977 Wetlands, better known by such names as We are on the absolute last genera­ swamps, bogs, marshes, potholes, wet mead­ Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, the cultural tion of family farmers and ranchers un­ ows and river outflow land, are important community of St. Louis has been most less this Congress does something about areas where water and land come together. fortunate these past 10 years. During this farm prices, about the glut of foreign Their vita.I natural functions, and their sub­ period the Persona Players have provided beef imports and about the t.otally un­ tle beauties, are not immediately obvious to aggressive policy regarding the equal everyone. A seaside salt marsh with its mud a mea.ns of cultural enrichment for our and coarse grass may lack tb e appeal of a. metropolitan area. The Players have treatment of agricultural and industl'ial rocky shore or sand beach; and a. freshwater offered an outlet for the theatrically in­ products in our international trade marsh edged with cattails ls perhaps less clined citizens of our city. poli:y. dramatic than a forested mountain slope. This year marks the occasion of the Many Congressmen are unaware of Many people have an understandable urge September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30995 to put these places to some "good use" by Parliamentarians on Korean Problems" with a Cuban DGI case officer, went on dredging or filling them for housing tracts, in the Cannon caucus room on Monday the IPS payroll shortly after he returned shopping centers, pipelines, pastureland, and Tuesday, September 19-20, 1977. to this country in 1974. Letelier was head marinas or navigable waterways. Yet this view is blind to the fact that wetlands play Organized by IPS's staff of dedicated of the IPS/TNI program at the time of essential roles in natural systems. full-time propagandists for Asian Com­ his death. Letelier was receiving money They absorb impurities and act as giant munist terrorist regimes and move­ from an international Soviet front, the filtration systems. They remove pollutants ments, the conference sessions were os­ World Peace Council, and from Cuba to such as nitrates from the water. By retarding tensibly designed to allow United States pay the expenses of U.S. Congressmen high waters, they reduce the impacts of and Japanese legislators to discuss the and others to participate in international floods, oceans storms and hurricanes. They problem of South Korea. But in fact Communist-front activities. In light of stabilize water flows and help control floods. the conference was designed to facilitate Letelier's well-financed activities on be­ They provide essential habitat in the life half of the Soviet and Cuban spy agen­ cycle of many birds and fish. the destabilization of South Korea in They are enormously important to the pro­ preparation for military conquest by the cies, it is particularly inappropriate for duction of plant life and in turn provide food North Korean Communist regime by IPS to escalate an anti-South Korean for marine and freshwater animals. It ts esti­ laying the groundwork for U.S. eco­ campaign at a time when this body is mated that 50 per cent of all commercial no1:1ic, military, and strategic abandon­ actively investigating charges of South marine fishes and invertebrates rely on estu­ ment of South Korea. Korean influence-peddling and corrup­ aries or wetlands at some point in their life The Institute for Policy Studies is a tion. Perhaps Orlando Letelier's replace­ cycle. consortium of Marxist New Leftists or­ ment as head of the IPS/TNI, admitted Sea estuaries adjacent to wetlands support Castroite propagandist Saul Landau who two-thirds of the fish species in the Atlantic ganizing for a "new economic and politi­ and the Gulf of Mexico. Oysters, clams and cal world order" and an America neu­ appears to have open access to the pages mussels live out their lives in tidal waters tralized as a world power through a of the Washington Post and New York and shrimp and crab depend upon them for variety of tactics. Among these tactics Times, and IPS codirectors Barnet and nurture of their young. .have been an organized attempt to dis­ Raskin feel the Letelier exposure was Many birds depend upon tidal areas for mantle and cripple the U.S. foreign and merely a passing embarrassment to their food and nesting places. Migratory fowl win­ domestic intelligence capability; orga­ complex apparatus. ter there. Plant life in the marshes and swamps takes nutrients washed from up­ nizing violent street demonstrations such On August 16, IPS codirector Rich­ stream and converts them into food for in­ as the 1971 Mayday riots in Washing­ ard J. 'Barnet sent invitations to a num· habitants. About half of the food that these ton, D.C., to shut down the Government ber of Members of the House and Sen plants produce ls washed out into estuaries ment in support of the Vietcong; or­ ators requesting their participation in to support more creatures there. ganizing an alternative program for the IPS Korea conference. Barnet stated Unfortunately, experience has proven that State and local public officials which the objectives of the conference were: without protection many of these critical places them in contact with their coun­ Examining in depth the political, eco­ wetland areas are destroyed. We don't have terparts in foreign Communist govern­ nomic and military situation in North and complete records on what has happened to ments and parties; and a sort of direct South Korea, and of exploring the posslb111- wetlands originally found in the United lobbying or subversion from the top ties of easing tensions and moving toward States but the best estimates are that scarce­ peace and the restoration of human rights ly more than half remain. For example, South in which IPS attempts to gain influence in both countries. Florida has lost 25 per cent of its wetlands in Congress and the administration in the last 20 years alone. Arkansas has lost through seminars for staffers and direct Despite the nonpartisan phraseology, about 50 per cent. Louisiana's wetlands are contacts with officials and lawmakers. in fact the only speaker at the conference decreasing rapidly. California's wetlands are The Institute for Policy Studies and who expressed concern for the absolute mostly destroyed. repression of human rights under the There can be wetlands protection without its international subsidiary project, the excessive bureaucracy and red tape. The bill Transnational Institute (TNI) , have North Korean totalitarian regime as well recommended by President Carter exempted compiled considerable public records of as for real and alleged abuses in South from permitting requirements most farming. activity on behalf of Soviet and Cuban­ Korea and who apparently understood logging and ranching practices which cause supported terrorist groups and of ties the difference between a totalitarian sys­ little environmental damage. It directed the to the Cuban and Soviet intelligence tem and an authoritarian government Army Corps of Engineers to speed up review agencies. IPS/TNI staff has included was Harvard Law School Associate Dean of necessary permits. It also allowed states Jerome A. Cohen. to assume major responsib111ty for wetlanas leaders of the Weather Underground, protection in lieu of any federal agency. the Algerian FLN, the Trotskyite ter­ Organized from the IPS/TNI annex of­ The Senate passed a bill along these lines. rorist Fourth International and the cur­ fices on the third floor at 1506 19th In contrast, the House measure carves out rent so-called patriotic front of Rhode­ Street NW., Washington, D.C. (202/ vast wetland acreage to be immune from sia. Last year IPS, which has main­ 234-0550), IPS staffers Jeff Seabright, federal review. In unprotected areas, a devel­ tained ties with and a support apparatus Jeff Stein, and Gareth Porter were re­ oper could fill a wetland for a shopping cen­ for the Palestine Liberation Organiza­ sponsible for conference arrangements. ter as easily as a farmer could plant rice tion terrorists for nearly 10 years, en­ Porter, associated with IPS for over 13 there. This insensitive approach could lead to years, has been the principal propagan­ vast destruction of wetlands in the name of ticed several officials of American Jew­ cutting red tape. ish organizations to meet privately and dist whitewashing the systematic mas­ Important wetlands should be protected by without publicity with two PLO terror­ sacre of civilians by the Communist sensible regulation. It would be an ironic and ists. IPS then publicized the meetings forces at Hue during the 1968 Tet offen­ tragic waste if Congress, while spending bil­ as a propaganda victory for the PLO. sive. lions on many necessary man-made struc­ In May of this year, Hilversun's Aktua With Richard Barnet serving as mas­ tures for pollution and flood control, paved TV in the Netherlands reported that the ter of ceremonies, the conference's open­ the way for the destruction of one of the ing address was delivered by the sar­ most productive and protective of natural Amsterdam office of IPS Transnational systems. Institute was instrumental in obtaining torially resplendent former Presidential CHARLES WARREN. Dutch residency for CIA defector Philip candidate from South Dakota, Senator Agee, deported from Great Britain for GEORGE McGOVERN. his continuing association with hostile As listed in the conference program, INSTITUTE FOR POLICY STUDIES intelligence service personnel and ter­ the "specialists," Japanese parliamen­ HOLDS KOREA CONFERENCE TO rorist revolutionaries. Agee, who has been tarians and "American Congressional FACILITATE A COMMUNIST "RE­ spotted in Moscow doubtless obtaining Delegation" included: UNIFICATION" additional "research" for his destabiliza­ INSTITUTE FOR POLICY STUDIES, tion drives against the United States and Washington, D.C., HON. LARRY McDONALD free world countries, has not only admit­ September 19 and 20, 1977. ted contacts with Cuban intelligence offi­ CONFERENCE OF JAPANESE AND U.S. PARLIA­ OF GEORGIA cers, but has given credit to members of MENTARIANS ON KOREAN PROBLEMS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Cuban Communist Party and Cuban JAPANESE PARLIAMENTARY DELEGATION Monday, September 26, 1977 Yoshikata Asoo, Independent's Club, is a Government agencies for supplying him member of the House of Representatives from Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the with material for his anti-CIA diatribes. the First District of Tokyo; he has been re­ Institute for Policy Studies UPS) held Orlando Letelier, exposed after his turned four times. A member of the Demo­ a "Conference of Japanese and U.S. death a year ago as a KGB agent working cratic Socialist Party from 1960 until 1972, 30996 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 he served as Deputy Secretary General of Council. He ls also a. member of the Polley eign Relations Committee and the Agricul­ that party, Secretary General of the Demo­ Board of the Policy Affairs Research Council, ture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee. He cratic Socialists' League, and a.s Deputy Liberal Democratic Party. is Chairman of the Select Committee on Chairman of the Diet Policy Committee, Kazuo Shionoya., Liberal Democratic Nutrition and Human Needs. Democratic Socia.list Party. Party, is a. member of the House of Repre­ John Anderson, Republican, represents the Usa.buro Chizaki, Liberal Democratic Party, sentatives for the Third District of Shi­ 16th District of Illinois in the House of is a member of the House of Representatives zuoka. Prefecture; he has been returned four Representative. He is now serving his ninth for the First District of Hokkaido; he has times. He is Vice-Chairman of the Diet term in Congress and his fifth term as Chair­ been returned five times. He is Chairman of Policy Committee, Liberal Democratic Party, man of the House Republican Conference. the Standing Committee on Communica­ and Secretary General of the Afro-Asian He is also a member of the House Rules tions. He has served a.s President of the So­ Problems Study Council, Liberal Democratic Committee. cial Welfare Federation, Hokkaido; Chair­ Party. He is also Permanent Director of the Anthony Beilenson, Democrat, represents man, Sapporo Branch, Liberal Democratic Japan-China. Parliamentary League and the the 23rd District of California in the House Party; Vice-Chairman, Hokkaido Federation, Japan-North Korea Parliamentary League. of Representatives; he was elected to his Liberal Democratic Party. Reiichi Takeuchi, Liberal Democratic first term in 1976. He is a member of the Hideo Den, Japan Socia.list Pa..rty, is a. mem­ Party, is a. member of the House of Repre­ International Relations Committee, the Com­ ber of the House of Councillors for the Na­ sentatives; he has been returned five times. mittee on the Judiciary, and the Committee tional Constituency. He has been returned He is Chairman of the Standing Committee on Science and Technology. twice, both times receiving the highest num­ on Foreign Afiairs and has served as Parlia­ Donald Bonker, Democrat, represents the ber of votes in the House of Councillors' mentary Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Third District of Washington in the House election. He is Director of the International Foreign Affairs and as Vice-Director Genera.I of Representatives. He is now serving his Bureau of the Japan Socia.list Party. of the Economic Planning Agency. second term. He is a member of the Inter­ Mrs. Takako Doi, Ja.pa.n Socia.list Party, is Tokuma. Utsunomiya, Independents Club, national Relations Committee and the Com­ a. member of the House of Representatives is a. member of the House of Representatives mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. for the Second District of Hyogo Prefecture; from the Second District, Tokyo; he has Bruce Caputo, Republican, represents the she has been returned three times. She is been returned ten times. He was instru­ 23rd District of New York in the House of Director, Standing Committee on Foreign mental in founding the Liberal Party, prede­ Representatives. Now serving his first term, Affairs, Special Committee on Environment, cessor to the Liberal Democratic Party. He Rep. Caputo is a member of the Committee a. member of the Standing Committee on has served as a member of the House Com­ on Standards of Official Conduct and the Local Administration, and a. member of the mittee on Foreign Affairs, Leader of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Standing Committee on the Cabinet. Liberal Democratic Partys Afro-Asian Prob­ Affairs. Kunio Ha.toya.ma., Independents• Club, is a. lem Study Group, and as Vice-Chairman of Donald Fraser, Democrat, has represented member of the House of Representatives for the Policy Affairs Research Council, Liberal the Fifth District of Minnesota in the House the Eighth District of Tokyo; he was re­ Democratic Party. He has visited the Demo­ of Representatives for eight terms. He is a turned in December, 1976. He is a. member of cratic Peoples' Republic of Korea. member of the International Relations Com­ the Standing Committee on Judicial Affairs, Toshio Yamaguchi, New Liberal Club, ts mittee and Chairman of the Subcommittee and had served as Secretary to the Prime a member of the House of Representatives lnvesttgating United States-South Korean Minister. for the Second District of the Salta.ma relations. Susumu Kobayashi, Ja.pa.n Socialist Party, Prefecture; he has been returned four times. Thomas Harkin, Democrat, represents the is a. member of the House of Representatives He is Chairman of the Diet Policy Commit­ Fifth District of Iowa in the House of Repre­ for the Third District of Niiga.ta. Prefecture; tee of the New Liberal Club. sentatives. He is now serving his second term. he has been returned eight times. He is Vice­ JAPANESE SPECIALISTS He is a member of the Committee on Agri­ Cha.irma.n of the Diet Policy Committee and culture and the Committee on Science and of the Genera.I Policy Committee, Japan So­ Eiichi Imagawa, is a senior Researcher at Technology. cia.list Party, and Chairman of the Social the Institute of Developing Economies, Michael Harrington, Democrat, represents Tokyo; he was Guest Researcher at the the Sixth District of Massachusetts in the Security Committee. He also is Permanent Brookings Institution, 1973-1976. His books Director of the Ja.pa.n-China. Parliamentary House of Representatives. He is now serving League. include "China's Great Cultural Revolution" his fourth term. He is a member of the In­ and "The Vietnam War" (co-author, 1968), Kosuke Ito, House of Councillors, Libera.I ternational Relations Committee and the Democratic Party. "Modern History of Southeast Asia," (1972), Committee on Government Operations. and "U.S. Internal and Foreign Affairs," Robert Kastenmeier, Democrat, represents Yohei Kono, is the Leader of the New Lib­ 1973-1975. (1975) era.I Club and a. member of the House of Rep­ the Second District of Wisconsin in the Hiroharu Seki, is Director of the Institute House of Representatives. He is now serving resentatives for the Fifth District of Ka.na.ga.­ for Peace Science, Hiroshima University, and wa. Prefecture; he has been returned four his tenth term. He is a member of the Com­ times. He was the popular choice for future is Professor of Political Science at Tokyo Uni­ mittee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Prime Minister in a. recent poll. versity. He is the author of many books, in­ Interior and Insular Affairs and the Select cluding "Search for Peace" (1975) and "In­ Committee on Ethics. Akira. Kuroya.na.gi, Komeito (Clean Party), ternational Relations for the 1970s" (1975). is a. member of the House of Councillors for Paul Mccloskey, Republican, represents the Tokyo District; he has been returned Mikio Sumiya. is Professor Emeritus, Uni­ the 12th District of California in the House twice He is Director, International Bureau, versity of Tolcyo. He was formerly Dean of of Representatives. He is now serving his Komeito; Chairman, Tokyo Headquarters, the Economics Department a.t the University fifth term. He ls a member of the Committee Komeito. He has visited the Democratic Peo­ of Tokyo. His publications include "History on Government Operations. ples' Republic of Korea.. of Wage Labor in Japan," "Analysis of Helen Meyner, Democrat, represents the Senpa.chi Oishi, Libera.I Democratic Party Japan's Coal Industry," and the "South· 13th District of New Jersey in the House of is a. member of the House of Representative~ Korean Economy." Representatives. She is now serving her for the First District of Shizuoka. Prefecture· AMERICAN CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION second term. She is a member of the Inter­ he has been returned twice. ' national Relations Committee. Alan Cranston, Democratic Senator from Leo Ryan, Democrat, represents the 11th Mrs. Yoshiko Ota.ka., Libera.I Democratic Oregon, is the Senate Majority Whip. Now District of California in the House of Repre­ Party, is a. member of the House of Council­ in his second term, he is a member of the sentatives. He is now serving his third term. lors for the National Constituency; she was Budget Committee, the Banking, Housing He is a. member of the International Rela­ returned in 1974. She ts a. member of the and Urban Affairs Committee, and the tions Committee. Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Lib­ Human Resources Committee. He is Chair­ Stephen Solarz, Democrat, represents the era.I Democratic Party and Deputy Secretary man of the Veterans' Affairs Committee. 13th District of New York in the House of General of the Libera.I Democratic Party's Mark Hatfield, Republican Senator from Afro-Asian Problem Study Group. Representatives. He is now serving his second Oregon, ls a member of the Appropriations term. He is a member of the International Misojt Sakamoto, Libera.I Democratic Committee, the Energy and Natural Re­ Relations Committeee, the Subcommittee on Party, is a. member of the House of Repre­ sources Committee, the Rules and Admln­ European and Middle Eastern Affairs and the sentatives for the Second District of Ishikawa. lstra. tion Committee and the Select Com­ Subcommittee on African Affairs. · Prefecture; he has been returned four times. mittee on Indian Affairs. He is now in his Morris Udall, Democrat, represents the He is a. member of the Liberal Democra. tic second term. Second District of Arizona in the House of Party Executive Council and Director of the Edward Kennedy, Democratic Senator from Representatives. He is now serving his ninth General Organization Bureau. He ls Chair­ Massachusetts, was first elected to the U.S. term. He is Chairman of the House Com­ man of the Foreign Polley Study Boa.rd, Lib­ Senate in 1962. He is a member of the Human mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs, and eral Democra.tic Party. Resources Committee, the Judiciary Com­ is a member of the Select Committee on Na.oro Shibuya., Libera.I Democratic Party mittee, the Joint Economic Committee, and Ethics. is a member of the House of Representa~ the Select Committee on Nutrition and Lester Wolff, Democrat, represents, the tlves for the Second District of Fuku­ Human Needs. Sixth District of New York in the House of shima. Prefecture; he has been returned six George McGovern, Democratic Senator Representatives. He is now serving his times. He ls actively involved in labor prob­ from South Dakota, WM the Democratic seventh term. He is a member of the Inter­ lems, and has served as Deputy Director Party candidate for President in 1972. Now in national Relations Committee, Chairman of Labor Division of the Policy Affairs Research his third term, he is a member of the For- the Subcommittee on the the Far East and September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30997 the Pacific, Cha.irma.n of the Subcommittee Director of the Asia.n Division of the Office of views with Kim II-sung and other North Ko­ on Future Foreign Policy, a.nd a. member of Systems Analysis. His books include "Peace rean functionaries. In the printed text of his the Subcommittee on International Opera­ with China.? U.S. Decisions for Asia" (co-au­ position pa.per, Harrison writes of "my con­ tions. thor and editor) a.nd "Never Again: Learn­ tacts since 1972 with North Koreans based Clement Zablocki, Democrat, represents ing from America's Foreign Policy Failures" outside the country" who have provided him the Fourth District of Wisconsin in the (forthcoming), a.nd "Foreign Policy in a.n with the view that "Pyongyang is prepared to House of Representatives. He is now serving Uncontrollable World" (forthcoming). a.da.pt its bargaining posture to changing his fifteenth term. He is Chairman of the Rinn-Sup Shinn is a. Senior Research Sci­ American a.nd Japanese policies." The "North International Relations Committtee. entist, The American University. He has par­ Koreans based outside the country" a.re vir­ Additional "American Pa.liamentarians" ticipated in numerous conferences on Korea tually without exception either embassy per­ participating included Representatives Berk­ and often serves as a consultant and lecturer sonnel and or agents of the North Korean ley Bedell of Iowa; George Brown of Cali­ on the Koreas. His articles have appeared in espionage apparatus. How convenient for fornia.; Rona.Id Dellums of California; a.nd Problems of Communism, a.nd he is the co­ Pyongyang that Mr. Harrison has been able Edward Pattison of New York. author of the "Area Handbook" for North to convey their political message to a.n in­ AMERICAN SPECIALISTS Korea. (1969, 1976), South Korea (1975), Peo­ formal gathering of Japanese and American Professor Jerome Cohen is Director of East ples Republic of China (1971), and Japan legislators in such sympathetic tones. Ac­ Asian Legal Studies and Associate Dean at (1974). cording to the U.S. Department of Justice, Harvard La.w School. He has contributed over Jeffrey Hall Stein, a.n Associate of the In­ Mr. Harrison is not a. registered foreign a.gent 40 articles a.nd reviews to professional jour­ stitute for Policy Studies, holds an M.A. de­ for North Korea.. nals a.nd is the author of several books, most gree in Asian Studies from the University of Another proponent of conc111atory policies recently "China. Toda.y a.nd Her Ancient California., Berkeley. He was a U.S. Army In­ toward North Korea. and a. harsh U.S. and Treasures" (with Joa.n Lebold Cohen). He telligence Officer in Viet Na.m, 1968-1969. He Japanese policy toward South Korea. was Earl ha.s a.lso served a.s consultant to the U.S. has contributed to the Nation, the Progres­ C. Ra.venal, a. long-time IPS associate whose Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. sive, the Christian Science Monitor, Far East speciality is promoting fast m111tary with­ Professor Bruce Cummings is Associate Economic Review, a.nd National Public Ra­ drawal of the U.S. a.s a. world power. Ra.venal Professor of Political Science a.t the Univer­ dio, primarily on questions concerning U.S. has worked on a.nti-U.S. defense projects for sity of Washington, He is Secretary of the policy towards the Far East. the Center for International Policy (CIP), a Committee on Korean Studies, Association of The "First Working Session·• of the meet­ project sponsored by the Fund for Peace and Asian Studies. He is the author of several ings was based on discussion of four pre­ staffed principally by IPS a.ssocia.tes; in articles on Korea., a.nd is now preparing a. pared papers, Selig Harrison's "U.S. Force which Letelier took a. lea.ding role a.nd the book on the origins of the Korean Wa.r. Reductions and North Korean Policy;" Greg­ lobbying group called the Coalition for a Professor Richard Fa.lk is the Albert C. ory Henderson's "Arms, Intentions and Mis­ New Foreign and M111tary Policy (CNFMP) Milbank Professor of Interna.tiona.l La.w a.nd perceptions" (titled in the conference pro­ which like the Fund for Peace cooperates Practice a.t Princeton University. He is a. gram "The Danger of a New Arms Race in the closely with the Soviet World Peace Council Senior fellow at the Institute !or World Korean Peninsula."); Eiichi Imagawa's "Ja­ that promotes U.S. disa.rma.ment while pro­ Order a.nd Faculty Associate a.t the Center pan's Peaceful Coexistence Policy in Relation viding logistic-a.I support to Soviet-backed !or Interna.tiona.l Studies. He is the author to Korea;" and IPS fellow Earl Ravena.l's terrorist movements. of "Future Worlds, The Vietnam Wa.r a.nd "Troop Withdrawal and U.S. Policy Options Ra.venal presented a. considerable a.mount Interna.tiona.l La.w: The Concluding Pha.se" in Korea." of material previously developed by Donald L. (4 Volumes), "A Study of Future Worlds," Selig S. Harrison, a Senior Associate at the Rana.rd, Center for International Policy di­ a.nd "The Future of the Interna.tiona.l Lega.l Carnegie Endowment fo·r International rector and former State Department Korea. Order" (With Professor Cyril Bla.ck). Peace, based his analysis of KOTea.n affairs on desk officer who a.Isa argues tha.t the U.S. has Selig S. Harrison is a. Senior associate a.t the information he received during his 5-week no strategic interest in aiding South Korea.. Carnegie Endowment !or International visit to Pyongyang a.nd interview with the Ra.venal argued that the "developing world Pea.ce. As Northeast Asia. Bureau Chief !or North Korean Communist dictator, Kim II· system" required a.n unconditional with­ the Washington Post from 1968-1972, he wa.s sung, in 1972. Making the best possible inter­ drawal of U.S. troops from South Korea. with one of two American journalists to ha.ve pretation of North Korean intentions and only limited military a.id a.s a. replacement. visited the D.P.R.K. He ha.s served a.s Senior motives, Harrison called for reduced defense Continued U.S. guarantees of South Korea. Fellow in charge of Asia.n Studies a.t the spending by South Korea to "enable Pyong­ sovereignty might "unhinge the interna.tiona.l Brookings Institution a.nd as Professorial yang to address growing popular economic order," said Ra.venal. Lecturer in Asia. Studies a.t the John Hopkins demands more effectively without upsetting The second session wa.s ba.sed on a. series School of Advanced International Studies. its existing economic and political founda­ of seven papers, Richard Falk's "Human He is the author of "The Widening Gulf: tions." Stripped of euphemisms, this proposes Rights a.nd U.S. Policy Toward Korea;" Asia.n Na.tiona.lism a.nd American Policy" that if North Korea doesn't intend a. m111tary Jerome Cohen's "The Hum.an Rights Situa­ (The Free Press, forthcoming) a.nd The venture against South Korea, it might free tion in South Korea;" Bruce Cumings• "Po­ Carnegie Endowment study, "China., 011 a.nd up enough of its economy to provide some litical Repression and Economic Development Asia.: Confiict Ahea.d ?" ( Columbia. Univer­ additional consumer goods and undercut in­ Strategy in South Korea;" "Need for a. New sity Press, forthcoming) ternal tension which could possibly result in DLrection in Jap,an's Korean Policy" by Kazu Professor Gregory Henderson is on the a. popular uprising a.nd overthrow of the to­ Shionoya a.nd Hajime Ishii; a.nd three sepa­ faculty of the Fletcher School of Law a.nd talitarian government and its stringent econ­ rate papers on human rights in South Korea Diplomacy, Tufts University. He wa.s a. For­ omy. submitted by Japaniese participants. eign Service Officer from 1947 to 1964, serving Harrison also proposed with a straight fa.ce The consensus of panelists averred that re­ a.s Political Officer and Chief Cultural Officer that South Korea might "launch a mllitary pression of human rights under the authori­ in Seoul, 1958-1963. He is a Research Asso­ unification adventure" a.gs.inst North Korea. tarian government in South Korea was fa.r ciate at Harvard University, and ha.s served which is backed by extensive Soviet and Red worse than the tota.l suppression of huma.n as a Research Officer a.t the United Nations. Chinese troop forces concentrated in North­ rights and individuality of thought a.nd ex­ He is the author of "Korea: Politics of the eastern Asia.. Admitting that his focus was pression under the Communists in the north Vortex" (Ha.rva.rd, 1963), a.nd "Political primarily on how North Korea sees the situa­ because the United States is allied with Change" (Pra.eger, 1973), "Divided Nations in tion, Harrison propounded tha.t "there wlll be South Korea but has no ties with North a Divided World" (McKay, 1974), and many a. continuing danger of a. m111ta.ry explosion Korea. (Throughout the conference many articles. in Korea" until Korea. moved "in the direc­ panelists called for America. to open relations Gareth Porter is an Associate Fellow a.t tion of confederation a.nd ultimate with North Korea and develop a.n "even­ the Institute for Policy Studies. He received uni flea. tion," handed" policy toward North a.nd South his Ph. D. from the Southeast Asta Program, Harrison promoted a North Korean pro­ Korea). Cornell University. He was Research Asso­ posal for a "confederation" of South Korea. Of the "human rights" panelists, perhaps ciate in the Cornell University International with North Korea. setting the legal framework the most vocal supporter of the ''enormous Relations of Ea.st Asia. Project from 1972 to for a. Communist "reunification." Wielding success" of the Communist regime in North 1974, and wa.s Co-Director of the Indochina euphemisms with the skill of a Madision Korea was Richard Falk, a. professor of inter­ Resource Center, Washington, D.C. from 1974 Avenue publicist, Harrison justified the North national la.w long associated with IPS co­ to 1976. He fs the author of "A Peace Denied: Korean dictator's continued aggression and director Dick Barnet. Falk and Barnet were The U.S., Vietnam, and the Paris Agree­ subversion campaign against South Korea. by among twenty "pea.ce activists" who signed ment," and "Cambodia: Starvation a.nd saying that Kim "could not abandon, or ap­ a.n ad in the New York Times in January de­ Revolution." pear to abandon, the unification goa.l with­ fending the Vietnamese Communist regime's Ea.rl C. Ravena! is a. Fellow of the Institute out seriously tarnishing his leadership campaign of repression a.nd state terror for Policy Studies and Professor of American image." And he praised the Pyongyang dicta­ against the Vietnamese people a.nd saying Foreign Policy at the Georgetown School o! torship's "settled society with ,a strong sense "The present F"Overnment of Vietnam should Foreign Service and The Johns Hopkins of achievement a.nd unity." be hailed for its moderation and for its ex­ School of Advanced International Studies. At the beginning of his exposition of the traordinary effort to achieve reconcilla tion While a Defense Department Officer, he was North Korean position, Harrison noted in a.mong all its people." Huma.nita.ria.ns Falk Director o! 1:he Inter-Agency Task Force passing that his knowledge was derived from and Barnet in the ad cited as an example of Study on Korea. !or the N.S.C. in 1969, and his 1972 visit to North Korea. and his inter- the Communists' "moderation" the !act that 30998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 only tens of thousands of persons who had academic leftists of IPS targeted elected of­ threats by lesser powers. Many experts doubt "collaborated" with the previous anti-com­ ficials for cooptatlon into the anti-South they could do it. munist government of South Vietnam were in Korea. campaign, the street level activists Active U.S. ground combat forces, !or ex­ concentration camps, rather than the hun­ in the Soviet and CUban sectors of the U.S. ample, include just 16 Army divisions. Half dreds of thousands "guilty" of collaboration." left consolidated their anti-Korean cam­ of those are committed to current missions However, his credentials as a human rights paign earlier this year. And I will provide fu­ in Asia and Europe, or act as NATO reserves. activist were not challenged by either other ture reports on that lower level of pressure. Six in the United States should serve as a panelists or by the press. rotation base !or troops stationed abroad. The third session of the conference was Only two, along with U.S. Marines, are free devoted to "Prospects !or Tension Reduction to contend with contingencies. Conversely, and PoliticaJ Accommodation in Korea." DANGEROUS TILT TO THE the Soviets maintain a mammoth Army, Papers submitted by IPS's Gareth Porter, which has been much modernized since the Rinn-Sup Shinn, Tokuma Utsunomiya, Hiro­ STRATEGIC BALANCE mid-1960's. Its superior abll1ties to absorb haru Seki and Hideo Den urged conc111ation combat casualties are apparent, and its with North Korea and !or U.S. m111tary and strength in Central Europe completely over­ economic pressure to be applied to South HON. JOHN BRECKINRIDGE shadows our own. Korea in order to force South Korea to en­ OF KENTUCKY America's tactical air combat assets in the ter negotiations with the North "on matters IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aggregate afford flexib111ty not available to which are vitally important to defusing any competitor. Our side still enjoys a clear the North-South mmtary and political con­ Monday, September 26, 1977 qualitative edge. Small size, however, creates filct and establishing an atmosphere of Mr. BRECKINRIDGE. Mr. Speaker, I an Achilles heel. The several U.S. services peace." wish to interrupt, temporarily, my on­ found it physically impossible to satisfy re­ As Porter and the Institute !or Policy going "Balance

ulated from the word go, by the Federally there; the pro-lifers had a. oooth, as well as MR. GUIFFRE Appointed committee, which was by far several others. But though we were in the Q. Did the flood cause the head office to be slanted toward the left, liberal, pro-ERA, clear majority, the leftists who were lea.ding closed any days? pro-abortion, pro-lesbian side of the ledger. the convention had already sewed things up A. Part of one day only-Wednesday, July The resolutions they drew up, which were so that officially, anyhow, they "won". 20. At about 10:15 we decided to call a halt never approved by the convention but But in "winning", they actually lost; for to operations because the electric power and which those hussies say, in their news re­ they have gone too far this time. They have the telephones were very erratic. That was leases, that they are going to take to Hous­ so incensed the decent women of Florida. the only time we were totally closed. ton, a.re frightening. Some of the things they and the nation, that we will not be kept Q. How many of your people were able to propose a.re rights for lesbian mothers a.nd down, we will not be silent. make it in that first day? all lesbians, homosexual adoption, sex edu­ And so, I will be looking forward to seeing A. About 55. After that they began drift­ cation in the schools, an international slant you. I am certain you will be sympathetic to ing back in larger numbers each day. instead of pro-American nationalism, etc. I our cause. Q. Is everything back to normal now? will bring my copy when I come next week. Sincerely, A. Yes, there's no question a.bout it. Our The sad thing is, the pro-family, anti­ J'ACKIE GRANT. work is being brought up to date. There were abortion, anti-ERA, pro-God women were in some electronics problems between here and the majority at the conference. Our thirteen Scranton and between here and Wichita received the highest number of votes; in fa.ct, that contributed to our backlog of work, but our lowest received 317 more votes than their JOHNSTOWN AND METROPOLITAN we are caught up now. highest vote-getting delegate, Gwen Cherry. LIFE Q. What would you say was the mood of It is strange, too, that 22 of the 27 they the employees? elected were also members of the commit­ A. They had a positive attitude throughout tee who planned the whole fiasco. At any HON. JOHN P. MURTHA the whole thing, really. Understandably sev­ rate, we did disrupt the conference; we had OF PENNSYLVANIA eral were in a kind of shock. That's what I to, as our rights were being trampled on in discerned in talking with them, particularly such a. thoroughly un-American way. It made IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those who had severe damage to their homes. my blood boil. Monday, September 26, 1977 But overall I think we were extremely for­ The "other" side consisted of several types: tunate, and when you consider the number slick, p:-ofessiona.l feminists like Cherry, Ath­ Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, Metro­ of people we employ, we had relatively few anasakos, and Wilson; and, what I would call politan Life Insurance Co. recently lo­ losses. While we had several people who lost rabble. Many were there in sloppy blue jeans cated its mideastern head office in their homes, we didn't lose a life, and that's and tee shirts with feminist sogans; many Johnstown, Pa. I want to insert in the quite fortunate when you consider the total were obviously and admittedly lesbians; damage done. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an article which Q. What financial help has Metropolitan many were obviously and admittedly social­ lists the work done by Metropolitan dur­ ists. It was sickening. Salvation Army? And yet, this weird crowd proposed to ing the flood of 1977 and I commend A. Many grants have been made and are speak for the women of Florida. You can bet them for their help: still being made to employees who have suf­ we didn't let them get away with it, though MET'S DISASTER RELIEF PROGRAM HAS GIVEN fered property damage. Also, by going "officially" they elected more delegates. We Am FOR 60 YEARS through normal channels at the home office, are in the process, now, of trying to get an Metropolitan employees who suffered loss it was arranged to contribute $16,000 to the injunction against the whole slate of dele­ of property in the Johnstown flood were eli­ American Red Cross and $10,000 to The gates and the resolutions-declare the whole gible for financial assistance under the Com­ Salvation Army. convention illegal, which in fa.ct it wa..s. pany's Disaster Relief Program. In charge Q. Were those contributions used for any Apparently, the Florida convention was of the program's administration is Vic Emer­ specific purpose? not the only one which was domin;a,ted, as son, Manager, Authenticating Division un­ A. Appropriately, it was earmarked only carefully planned beforehand, by the weird der Senior Vice-President and Controller for Johnstown. We requested it be used for feminists; it was not until the later con­ Paul Knies. food, clothing or shelter for the local victims. ventions that the women woke up to what "This program goes back in Metropolitan Q. At one point, all but a few employees was going on, so the majority at Houston history to 1917," says Mr. Emerson, "It's de­ had been accounted for. What was it like will, presumably, be the non-typical women signed to help the employee restore some of waiting to hear about them? of the type I have just described. the essentials of life--common household A. Most of us have had tragic experiences utensils, clothing, things of that sort. in our lifetimes, but you can't get used to It was sickening, the way they shouted and these experiences. You feel a. great deal of cursed and booed when anyone on our side "When there is a disaster like the one in remorse, a. great deal of concern, and you try mentioned God, the Bible, or quoted Scrip­ Johnstown, we send a representative from to address yourself to other things so that ture. this department-either myself or, in this you don.'t get morbid or morose a.bout it. Just how far these creeps will go, is evi­ case, Walter Zdeb-right to the scene. We When you're visible, as I am, you can't in­ denced on the fa.ct that they had a. porno­ interview people individually. In Johnstown dulge yourself in that way. It doesn't help graphic a.rt show in connection with the we worked at the head office where there are the people around you. You feel deeply, but Orlando meeting, which was so bad it had checkwriting facilities and we were able to you must do it inwardly. In addition, your to be taken down. Some of our women saw disburse some money right on the spot. ma.in responsibility is to provide leadership it, and it was raw. In one of the sex work­ "Authorizations for the payments are made to almost 2,000 other sales and sales manage­ shops at the Pennsylvania meeting, according by someone at the site. It was Joe Guiffre ment people and to service approximately to "The Wanderer," "bestiality and necro­ (Vice-President in charge of the Mideastern four million policyholders in the State of philia. were promoted as normal forms of Head Office) who authorized these last Pennsylvania.. So you can't let the whole sexual expression. 'Alice Loves Mary' buttons grants." thing fall apart, notwithstanding the tragedy were prominent as were photos of homo­ Metropolitan also has another emergency that we experienced. sexual and lesbian acts in the student union assistance program for employees, the Hege­ Q. What expectations do you now have center on Duquesne's Catholic campus." "The man Memorial Fund for Employees' Wel­ Mindszenty Report" tells of Communist from the Johnstown area.? fare, but it is not related to the Disaster A. While the situation was extremely bad literature being distributed at the Minnesota Relief Program. meeting; Colorado's meeting had lesbian in terms of property damage and loss of life, workshops and one on a.theism (though "The Hegeman Fund," says Mr. Emerson, normalcy is returning quickly. Of course, neither the American flag, National Anthem, "is used more in the nature of personal prob­ the flood will have its effect for ."ome time nor prayers were permitted); and in Virginia, lems which might develop. The Disaster to come. But I think the thing the people self-proclaimed witches had a workshop on Relief Fund is used strictly in disaster situ­ of Johnstown have going for them-and this witchcraft. And in Minnesota, where one ations. Money is provided for the disaster is aside from the layoffs at Bethlehem participant suggests opening with prayer and program by an annual appropriation by the Steel-is their good morale and resilient at­ pledge to the flag, she was hissed, shouted Boa.rd of Directors." titude. They will do whatever is necessary to down, and voted out of order. In Wisconsin, put the flood behind them. They'll work radical feminists marched from the state GUIFFRE, BARKER OPTIMISTIC harder and longer. That's what it bolls capitol shouting "Two-four-six-eight, Smash When the flood struck Johnstown, Metro­ down to. the Family, Smash the State." politan was very fortunate to have two un­ MR. BARKER And so it has gone, in state after state, usually dedicated people in charge of its of­ Q . Whtit's the situation now in Johns­ Florida. being no exception. I saw radical fices there--Joseph Guiffre, Vice-President at town? Do the people have faith in their literature being distributed that could be the Mideastern Head Office, and Edwin slogan, "We Will Rebuild Together"? called nothing short of Communist. I had a Barker, Johnstown's District Sales Manager. A. The town will rebuild together. I don't long conversation with two lesbians manning Both offices escaped damage, and opera­ know if it's the background of the people in the Socialist Worker's Party booth. Pro-abor­ tions are now almost back to normal. Home Johnstown, what they've been through­ tion literature was rampant, and it was sick­ Office Edition spoke to Mr. Guiffre and Mr. this is the city's third flood in 88 years­ ening. Thank goodness, the good people were Barker about the recovery efforts. but the people will rebuild Johnstown. It'll September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31001 take awhile. Especially among the people who In 1974 the Subcommittee on Person­ John Thompson, whom he recently appointed suffered the greatest losses. And they also nel and Police of the House Administra­ to the FNMA Board. have to fight the depressed mood that ac­ tion Committee recommended that all I bring you also very special greetings from companies disasters like this. But you can Secretary Patricia Harris. She wanted very already see the difference in the town, the doormen be reclassified from level 3 to much to be here on the occasion of your progress the town has ma.de. You might look level 2 within the House Wage Schedule. annual meeting and she regrets that her out now and say it's still in a hell of a mess, What this did was to reduce the salary schedule would not allow her to join you. and I'd agree with you. But it looks like a of newly appointed doormen as well as to She has been devoting her full energies to fairyland compared to what it looked like a reduce the level of pay increases to cur­ the job of turning HUD a.round-to make it few weeks a.go. And that's ~eca.use of the rently employed doormen. effective and efficient again. And believe me, people, including the business community, It certainly is a poor state of affairs to sh·e has been succeeding. More important, the Red Cross and the Salvation Army, who find that doormen of the House of Rep­ she has carved out new policy directions dug in and dug out and helped ea.ch other. regarding this Nation's urban concerns-and Q . How a.bout this district office? What's resentatives were subject to salary it is these new policies that I will be dis­ going to happen here? schedule reductions by the very Mem­ cussing later. Her new urban initiatives and A. A lot of people may have written us off bers whom they have so ably served. The her leadership-not only within HUD but in terms of production for this year but office of Doorkeeper has evolved into an within the Ex,ecutive Branch itself-have we've had a pretty good record for the past integral part of the legislative structure been central to shaping the emerging Carter several years. And in talking to my people of the House, and it is only :fitting that Administration policy for our cities and for I can sense that we haven't given up. We the Members reinstate the doormen to those who are ill-housed. The impact she has know we're going to have another good the classification that they properly de­ mad·e in her first eight months has been year. We have a good, proud organization, enormous and I am personally proud to be and the people in Johnstown whom we serv­ serve. a part of her team. ice need life insurance just as much now, or It has been a little more than a month maybe more than they did prior to the flood. now since the night of the blackout in New I think many of them a.re more cognizant HUD HOUSING POLICIES York City-and the looting that followed. A of the need for life insurance now than they great deal of anger was generated across the ever were before. Take a look at the end of land by the scenes on the Nation's television the year. See where Johnstown District is. HON. STANLEY N. LUN'DINE sets. Small businesses wer,e destroyed and We're determined not to finish poorly in OF NEW YORK those without insurance may never recover. 1977. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This was a human tragedy of sizeable pro­ Q. When you got back together for the portions which no one denies. first time with all the sales people, wha. t did Monday, September 26, 1977 In the days that followed, editorial pas­ you tell them? Did you have some kind of Mr. LUNDINE. Mr. Speaker, I would sions calmed and cooler heads began to general plan in mind on how to operate? assess the tragedy in terms of cause and A. Not really. They rallied on their own. like to bring to the attention of my col­ effect. Y·es, they said, the summer heat could It was remarkable. Everyone was just happy leagues the following speech delivered by have been a factor in the violence that and thankful that we didn't lose anyone, Jay Janis, Under Secretary of the De­ erupted on the city's streets. And unem­ that no one lost anybody from their family, partment of Housing and Urban Devel­ ployment, especially among the city's younger that no one was wiped out financially. We opment, to the annual convention of the population. had some people who lost things, but no National Association of Real Estate Unemployment? The New York Times, in major catastrophes. And the first few times Brokers in Atlanta, Ga., on August 15, a story that appeared August 2nd, three weeks we got together, we were still talking about 1977. later, reported that 86 percent of ethnic/mi­ the flood. We all just went back to trying to nority te·enagers in New York City, and 74 get our work done. We could feel the spirit, Although in the past I have sometimes percent of white teenagers, were unemployed. and we're kind of proud of the district start­ been critical of the policies of the De­ The Times survey showed that in a popula­ ing right then to come back together. partment of Housing and Urban Devel­ tion of more than 515,000 between the ages Q. How about yourself? Have you been able opment, I am encouraged by the renewed of 16 and 19, only 113,000 had jobs. to recover from the emotional impact of vigor with which the Carter administra­ Those, in themselves, are frightening sta­ everything that happened? tion is addressing our Nation's housing tistics. When you add to them the compen­ A. It depends on what I'm doing. If I get problems. HUD is beginning to demon­ dium of ills that weigh down the poor in our involved with someone who was hit hard by strate tengible signs of their commit­ older cities-the impaction in the ghettos, the flood, I have to be very careful not to the lack of decent housing, inadequate health ment to solving the chronic maladies ca.re and educational opportunities, and all let my emotions take over. It was very dis­ which have afflicted our cities for so long. heartening to me to see our city in the con­ the rest-you get a clearer picture of "why" dition that it was in. At the same time, I'm Not only has HUD begun to address and "how" that night of agony came about. very proud to see the way people are coming the problems of our urban centers more This is another type of human tragedy per­ back, the way the city is cleaning up and vigorously, but they are becoming in­ haps of even greater significance to the fu­ businesses are rebuilding. But the faces of creasingly responsive to the problems of ture of American democracy. some of the people still tell the tragic story, small cities and rural communities. It is The night of July 13 reminds us of the particularly among some of the ~lderly the unique problems of these nonurban need to renew our commitment for a single people who were wiped out and who don't areas with which I have become espe­ national policy, meshing our housing and have the heart to start over again; their cially involved, particularly during delib­ urban development programs to form a co­ plight reaches out to you. You just have to erations on the Housing and Community ordinated new design for urban America. be careful that you don't let your emoti~ns During the past eight years of the Nixon­ take over. Most of the time you have a good Development Act of 1977. With the coop­ Ford Administrations, we abandoned our na­ feeling about the way the people are respond­ eration of HUD, we were successful in tional commitment against the continued ing and about their overall good attitudes. securing revisions in our major housing existence of two societies-one black and one programs that will more adequately ad­ white, separate and unequal. And we dress the community development needs abandoned our national goal of a decent of these areas. home in a suitable environment for every RESOLUTION INTRODUCED TO IN­ The specific efforts of the Carter ad­ American. CREASE COMPENSATION FOR PO­ ministration and the Department of The Carter Administration will not allow SITIONS IN OFFICE OF DOOR­ Housing and Urban Development, under those commitments and goals-enunciated KEEPER OF THE HOUSE OF REP­ the leadership of Secretary Patricia Rob­ as far back as 1949-to be forgotten. We are RESENTATIVES erts Harris, to more actively address our committed to a new vision for America. The road is not an easy one, but let me re­ Nation's housing and community devel­ cite some of the initiatives we have already HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM opment needs are clearly outlined in the taken to preserve our cities and serve the speech presented by HUD Under Secre­ housing-deprived in this country. OF CALIFORNIA tary, Jay Janis. The Community Development Block Grant IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES REMARKS BY JAY JANIS, UNDER SECRETARY program will be reauthorized for three years, Monday, September 26, 1977 OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT at $3.5 billion in Fiscal 1978, $3.65 billion in Before I begin, I have a special message Fiscal 1979, and $3.8 billion in Fiscal 1980. Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, today I for you. President Carter has asked that I We will be using a formula that wm tar­ have introduced a resolution which seeks give you his best wishes for a productive get more funds to older distressed cities. New to increase the compensation for p0si­ and rewarding conference. He ls very much York City stands to gain $75 million, Chicago tions under the Doorkeeper of the House aware of the good things this group is doing, $60 million and Detroit $35 million in 1980 of Representatives. especially under the strong leadership of under this method of funding. 31:002 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 We a.re initiating a multi-million dollar nearly half of the total volume for Fiscal From the point of view of national hous­ Urban Development Action Gnnt program to 1976-and 30,000 multifamily units, 66 per­ ing policy, we have made a deliberate choice meet the unique development needs of urban cent of the 1976 volume. on housin,6 policy to emphasize supply pro­ America, and to give local government lead­ We have not stopped there. We a.re now in grams to meet household growth require­ ers a flexible tool for urban revitalization. the process of evaluating new ways to im­ ments, replacing unusable housing and pro­ We a.re expanding program activities under prove our present programs and evaluating viding a sizeable number of units for poor block grants to encourage local economic new initiatives to meet our responsibilities. fam111es directly. There are other possible development. We a.re discussing: housing strategies besides supply-side sub­ Let me interject a word here on the way How the CDBG program and Urban Devel­ sidies-for instance, housing allowance pay­ we plan to carry out the Community De­ opment Action Grants can contribute to the ments, income assistance, or building for the velopment Block Grant program. Under the preservation and revitalization of cities. top segment of the market and hoping the previous Administration very little was done Coordinating public and private invest­ housing "filters down." None of these alter­ in the way of monitoring the more than $3 ments in the inner cities, in particular, lever­ natives, however, seems to us to be a par­ billion in funds going out to some 1,500 aging public dollars to boost private invest­ ticularly sensible or productive way to go communities. That procedure--or la.ck of ment. about meeting the housing needs of the it--has been changed. We have ma.de it clear Expanding housing counseling assistance American people. that we will enforce the requirement that to help low income fa.milles become home­ But there a.re also other good reasons for the funds be used for projects that help low owners. having active housing subsidy programs. and moderate income neighborhoods, elimi­ And we are examining how our mortgage First, new, rehab and existilllJ housing pro­ nate slums and blight, or meet other urgent insurance programs can be used to increase grams can, if used properly, contribute to needs. the supply of housing in the inner city, to neighborhood preservation and rehabillta­ And we have informed the participating include more middle income fa.mllies to re­ tion. One of the key goals of HUD is to help communities that we w111 strictly enforce the turn to the cities, as well as provide assist­ cities bring about revitalization of their in­ requirements for low and moderate income ance to low and moderate income families ner cores. Many local governments have housing when that type of housing is dem­ who a.re living in the cities and would like ta.ken the lead, with the help of private onstrated to be necessary. to stay there. investment and neighborhood participation, We have shown the communities that we Why a.re we so concerned a.bout housing, to plan and carry out reinvestment and re­ mean what we say. No longer will they be you might ask. Let me tell you why. Our vitalization strategies. A key ingredient in eligible for these funds unless they accept la.test figures indicate that while 80 per­ their plan is housing subsidies specifically their fair share of low and moderate income cent of American householC:S are reasonably targeted to certain neighborhoods for pur­ housing. well housed, there a.re at lea.st 14 million poses of preservation, renovation, relocation, In the area of housing, we have pro­ households that suffer from some sort of new construction--or whatever else may be posed: housing deprivation. Approximately 5 mil­ necessary as part of their urban revitaliza­ An increase for Fiscal 1978 to 381,000 units lion of them live in substandard housing, tion plan. of assisted housing-164,000 units of exist­ with the remainder paying an excessive por­ Second, many of our housing subsidy pro­ ing Section 8 housing, 136,000 units of new tion of their income for rent, which we de­ grams address the needs of special groups­ and rehab Section 8 housing and 81,000 units fine a.s more than 25 percent of income. the elderly, the disabled and the handi­ of public housing, including 6,000 for Indian Without assistance these families would capped, for instance. By itself, the private housing. have to spend 40 to 50 percent of their in­ sector has not and probably wm not supply Expanding the Urban Homesteading pro­ come for decent housing. Compare this to adequate housing for these groups, even if gram to 39 cities, with $6 milllon in property an overall American average of 19 percent, everyone in these groups had the income and rehabilitation loans from HUD. The which in itself exceeds the percentage of in­ to pay for decent housing, which they do not. cities estimate that this extra $6 m1llion will come spent on housing in many European Housing for the handicapped is a good ex­ generate $25 million in public and private countries, e.g., Sweden-15 percent; West ample. Housing for handicapped people re­ investment in the designated urban neigh­ Germany-13 percent. quires special equipment--gra.b bars, ramps, borhoods. If we a.re to have a. national housing policy special warning systems. Without Federal in­ Raising mortgage limits in our FHA in­ in this country, it must turn on whether or tervention or inducement, this housing will sured programs. The basic single-family not we accept a.s a. national commitment the just not get built. The same is true of hous­ mortgage limit (Section 203(b)) w111 in­ Congressional goal of a. decent home in a. ing for the elderly, or for Indians, or for crease from $45,000 to $60,000. The basic 235 suitable environment for all Americans, first large poor fa.mmes. home-ownership assistance program mort­ expressed in the 1949 Housing Act. I believe Third, active housing subsidy programs are gage limits will increase from $25,000 to that acceptance is essential. We must meet necessary to generate the private investment $32,500 and from $29,000 to $38,000. this Nation's need for shelter, in particular, to maintain the existing housing stock. One Decreasing the minimum downpayment re­ for those whose needs cannot be met by the of our most valuable assets is our ho~ing quirements in our single-family programs. private market without some form of sub­ stock and recent experience has taught us For instance, on a $48,000 house, the current sidy. that a subsidy incentive is necessary if pri­ minimum downpa.yment required is $4,350 or The needs of these families must be ad­ vate investors are to overcome their fears approximately 9 percent. Under the new rule, dressed by active, ongoing housing assistance about putting money into urban areas to the minimum downpa.yment would be $1,900 programs, not by fits and starts as it has preserve the housing stock. or approximately 4 percent. been for the last eight years, but at pre­ Fourth, housing subsidy programs serve to Expanding the Graduated Payment Mort­ dictable, noncyclica.l levels. It is folly to ex­ promote upward mobllity among families, gage plan to broaden ownership opportunities pect much from an industry that is, at first, thereby increasing equity. Housing programs for younger families. This allows young fami­ persuaded to gear up to produce subsidized have been criticized because they don't serve lies to make lower monthly payments now, housing and then is told that the programs all the families who a.re eligible for and need when their incomes a.re low, and slightly may be stopped. Given the long lead times the assistance. I would like to differ with higher payments later when their incomes required in putting a project into the that statement. For one thing, the only rea­ have increased. ground-along with the cash investment son we are not able to serve 100 percent of We have also established new procedures necessary up front--most builders wm look the need is a matter of budget priorities, not for using th~ Section 8 subsidized housing re­ for other less risky ways to spend their time. program design. For another, housing as­ ha.billtation program for neighborhood con­ Builders of low and moderate income hous­ sistance programs a.re not permanent, they servation. We have set aside 20,000 units for ing cannot be turned on and off like a a.re temporary. In other words, a public hous­ this purpose, to provide subsidized housing in faucet. They simply won't be there the next ing family is not always a public housing areas being revitalized, so that the poor will time we need them. family. They move into public housing and not be displaced by higher income families The need for new single and multifamily receive the benefits, but once their economic moving back into the central cities. Finding housing can be easily quantified-based on situation has improved, they a.re able to af­ solutions to the negative aspects of such dis­ calculations of the increase in households ford decent housing without assistance. It placement will be given the highest priority every year, losses from the housing stock as allows famllies to leave the ghetto and start over the coming months. older units are destroyed or placed into some a new, better life. It is difficult to argue that Processing time has been radically reduced other use, and the elimination of substand­ this is not equitable. in the Section 8 program. We a.re speeding ard housing units. A number of people have With further regard to the question of up our program, not to improve our statistics, ma.de estimates of those needs, and I have equity, while this Nation's housing subsidy but because we want to serve the poor more seen figures ranging anywhere from 18 mil­ programs currently serve only about 20 or effectively. For example, as of March 1, only lion to 30 million units over the next 10 25 percent of those eligible for assistance, 12,688 Section 8 units were under reservation years. We believe the need to be approxi­ this may be true only for any given period and less than 13,000 had been started. By mately 25 mmton dwelling untt.s, of which of time. That statistic does not take into July 30, 160,773 unit.s were reserved, and 65,- between 4.5 and 5.5 mi111on units will re­ consideration the total number of fam111es 672 were started. During 1976, only 40,000 quire a subsidy of one form or another. This that have lived in a single subsidized hous­ units were started; in 1977 we expect to start is an extraordinary number of dwellines, and ing unit. When looked at in that way, a far 100,000. unless we have active supply-side housing larger number has been served. This is be­ In the four-month period ending May 31, programs we could never hope to meet those cause a subsidized housin~ unit ls a dura­ FHA insured 116,000 single family units- needs. ble good which adds to the housing stock September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3L003 and can be used and reused over and over Carter as their President they were saying, in tainly, that was many years ago, and the again by successive families. pa.rt, they wanted no more of the Nixon eco­ economic picture today is quite different Fifth, a strong housing subsidy program nomics and the Nixon anti-social programs. than it was then. But even though the provides more than shelter. One of the prob­ Theirs wa.s an Administration which did not like the poor, resented the cities and the games have grown in scope, size, and ex­ lems economists often have with housing, pense over the years, Los Angeles still and housing subsidies, is their belief that kinds of people who populate them, and felt housing is simply a commodity like any other programs aimed at improving the lives of has the advantage of many facilities and therefore, in a free market economy, urban dwellers were unAmerica.n. which can be readily available for the should not receive any special treatment. Theirs was a. mentality which enjoyed tell­ Olympiad's activities-including the Los What they forget are the "externalities"­ ing New York City to "drop dead." Angeles Memorial Coliseum, originally to adopt the economist's own jargon-that Contrast that with these strong senti­ constructed to host the games. is, the benefits of providing housing beyond ments expressed by Jimmy Carter as the In preparing its bid, Los Angeles has just shelter itself. Clearly, housing subsidies Democratic candidate for President: He ma.de it clear that "housing for low­ consistently resisted efforts to increase generate benefits to groups other than those the budget it has proposed to carry the directly assisted. Employment increases of a.nd moderate-income people ls an expression course, because every housing start generates of concern consistent with the highest stand­ cost of the 1984 Olympiad. I am pcsitive approximately two person-years in the labor ards of the American people." that city officials will continue to avoid force. Thus, 400,000 units of subsidized hous­ He supported "greater emphasis on the pressures to increase the financial out­ ing would generate close to 800,000 new jobs rehabilitation of existing neighborhoods." lay, and not allow Los Angeles taxpayers in the economy. In addition, each assisted He supported "direct Federal subsidies and to carry the burden for fiscal extrava­ unit generates $4,610 in Federal revenues, low-interest loans to encourage construction gance. $460 in State revenues and $960 in local rev­ of low- and moderate-class housing." He encouraged "more loans for housing The Olympic spirit does not entail enues for a total of $6.030 which totals over such extravagance and luxury. I hope $2.4 billion for 400,000 units. Subsidized and rehabilitation to the poor." housing programs also help promote racial He favored "expanding assisted housing for Los Angeles is successful in its efforts to and economic integration. They promote the elderly and handicapped." return a "Spartan spirit" to the games; better land use and they are located in en­ And a little more than a. month a.go the not only would it insure the success of vironmentally suitable areas. As mentioned President said to the National Black Network the 1984 Olympiad, it would do much to before, they provide mayors with the tools that the amount of money that goes for bet­ guarantee the success and desirability of they need to revitalize their cities. ter housing for poor people is going to in­ future Olympics as well. Sixth, an effect that not many observers crease every year he ls in the White House. notice is that subsidized housing programs It ls the Carter Administration, through its have a beneficial impact on the unsubsidized Department of Housing and Urban Develop­ market. An active assisted housing program ment under Secretary Harris' superb leader­ contributes to the housing supply, which ship, that has turned the Nixon policies LABOR INPUT TO PANAMA helps to a.meliora. te some of the upward pres­ a.round. CANAL TREATY sure on costs for all families. Increasing the lt is the Carteir: Administration which is supply of rental housing, in particular, ls ab­ committed to the revitalization of the Amer­ solutely essential since we currently a.re in ican cities. HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO the tightest rental market in our history. That is the Number One priority of HUD. OF CALIFORNIA V'S.Caney rates a.re at an all time low of 5.3 And, HUD's Number One tool to revitalize IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES percent. Unless supply is increased, there the cities ls assisted housing. will be continuing upward pressure on rents. We intend to turn our full energies to the Monday, September 26, 1977 Those people who advocate cutting down or future-a. future in which the Carter Admin­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I elimina. ting housing assistance programs istration. can bring forth new initiatives for would like to bring to the attention of don't, I think, appreciate this la.st point. revitalizing the cities. For all of these reasons, this Nation needs That is the mission which Secretary Harris my colleagues the following statement strong housing subsidy programs designed to has chs.rted for HUD, and it is at the very and testimony of Mr. Alfred J. Graham, meet the needs of the housing deprived and heart of the Carter Administration commit­ president of the Canal Zone Central to help cities in their long, up-hill battle to ment to serve the American peo:ple. Labor Union and Metal Trades Council, fiscal and social solvency. That battle begins For it is the cities where the overwhelming AFL--CIO, and AFL-CIO labor adviser to in the center city. numbers of American people live. And it is the U.S. Panama Canal negotiating This concern for housing by the Carter people this Administration is honor-bound team, before the House Committee on Administration is not unuc;ua.l. Assisted to serve. housing has been a cornerstone of public International Relations. I believe his policy of every Democratic President since comments pertaining to the representa­ Franklin D. Roosevelt, with the insightful 1984 SUMMER OLYMPICS IN LOS tion of labor during the treaty negotia­ help of Eleanor Roosevelt, looked over a De­ ANGELES tions are pertinent in view of the fact pression-wrecked America and saw, in com­ that Congress was not consulted and passion, a. third of a Nation ill-housed. little informed during the negotiation For nearly half a. century, Democratic Pres­ HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON OF CALIFORNIA process. idents have been following through on FDR's STATEMENT-PART I commitment to the American people to help' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those who cannot cope with the cruel reali­ (By Alfred J. Graham) ties of free-market housing to find a safe, Monday, September 26, 1977 Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, clean and decent place to live. And most Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. my name ls Alfred J. Graham, President of Republican Presidents have been doing their Speaker, I would like to take a brief the Canal Zone Central Labor Union and best to water down or reverse the progress moment today to congratulate the city Metal Trades Council, AFL-CIO. which ha.s been ma.de. of Los Angeles on its success in being The CLU-MTC in the Canal Zone rep~e­ The worst of the Republican attack on sents 14 local unions affiliated with nine na­ American housing policy came during the chosen the official U.S. candidate city tional AFL-CIO unions. We represent the Nixon era., in which every effort was ma.de to for the 1984 summer Olympics games. largest organized group of U.S. citizen em­ scrap housing subsidy programs, bring hous­ The U.S. Olympic Committee has made ployees of the Panama. Canal Co.-Ca.na.l Zone ing construction for lower income families a wise decision, and it appears very Government. to a. grinding halt and, to the extent possible, likely at this time that Los Angeles will The Canal Zone Central Labor Union and actually dismantle the relatively new agen­ be chosen over any international com­ Metal Trades Council thanks you and your cy of government which had been given the petitors. Committee, Mr. Chairman, for providing us task of housing the Nation's poor-HUD. By stressing a "Spartan" soirit and with the opportunity to express our views The Nixon wrecking crew was very effec­ on the proposed new Pana.ma.-U.S. Treaty. tive. Not only did poor people suffer from the fact that the games could be held on a financially sound basis, Mayor Tom Our presentation wlll be in two parts. The the absence of new assisted housing starts, first part wlll cover Employee Privileges and but the cost to them for access to the static Bradley and the Los Angeles delegation Immunities along with Labor Provisions stock of assisted housing rose. Workers in were able to overcome a fine bid placed written into the Treaty. The Second pa.rt will the construction trades lost jobs. Many con­ by New York City. California Gov. Ed­ cover our views on the political impact of tractors went out of business. Manufacturers mund G. Brown, Jr., is also to be con­ the Treaty on the Canal Zone and the U.S. of building supplies and tools were ha.rd hit. gratulated for his assistance in gaining Government Employees working there. And, in what could not possibly have been an unrelated coincidence, the entire national the committee's approval. EMPLOYEE PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES economy began to slide faster and further When the 1932 Olympics were held in As written into the new Pa.nama.-U.S. into the Nixon recession. our city, they did not result in a huge Trea.tv. Employee Privileges and Immuni­ When the American people elected Jimmy deficit such as now faces Montreal. Cer- ties a.re for the most part satisfactory. 31004 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 We are not satisfied with the lack of President, with a human rights platform, being misled and lied to about the Panama. Treaty provisions that would solve the dual gather together the largest group of anti­ Canal. It is too small, too old, the Canal citizenship problem once and for all. human rights dictators in Central and South Zone is an area. dividing Panama. The Pan­ The Republic of Panama has a Citizen­ America and honor them by signing a Treaty ama Canal can be blown up with one hand ship Law that in our opinion was enacted with another dicta.tor. grenade. All nonsense. for the sole purpose of harassing U.S. Citi­ Ambassador Bunker and Mr. Linowltz It is the largest lock type Canal in the zens born to American parents on the testify over and over again that the Canal world. The Queen Elizabeth II transits as Isthmus of Panama. The law states that Zone will be turned over to the Panamanian well as ships up to 946 feet long a.nd 105' these Americans are Panamanian citizens. people. This is what they label a.s "educat­ wide drafting 40 feet. These Americans do not want Panama Citi­ ing" the American voter so that they will It has been main talned and is in better zenship, they serve in the US. Armed Forces, not oppose the New Treaty. condition today than it ever was. pay U.S. Income tax, for the most part with­ You can be assured that 7 billion dollars The people of Panama are free to enter out representation, and consider themselves worth of land and property will not be the Canal Zone whenever they wish, and to be U.S. Citizens. The U.S. Government turned over to the Panamanian "people". anyone who says it can be destroyed with one agrees that they are U.S. Citizens, but Pan­ As usual with mllitary dictators the "peo­ hand grenade has never seen the Canal. ama disagrees and says they are Panama­ ple" will get little or nothing out of this Fina.Uy, we believe that no Senate or nians. When crossing into Costa Rica they Treaty. Congress of the United States should be told must carry a Panamanian passport. The The U.S. Citizen employees are observing by a dictator to "Ratify or Else". U.S. State Department agrees with the dual the "educational" program of both Coun­ Again I thank the Committee for permit­ citizenship problem by doing nothing to tries very carefully. Ambassador Bunker is ting us the opportunity to express our views. correct it. trying to paint an oppressive Government If Panama becomes sovereign over the Illy-white. The Panamanian Government PART III Canal Zone these employees fear that they has a different tactic. Their action plan is to Mr. LAGOMARSINO. MT. Graham, you indi­ will be subject to further harassment from print antl-U.S. articles in the Government cated you sat in, you were a special adviser. the Government of Panama. controlled press and 24 hours a day broadcast Mr. GRAHAM. Yes, sir, I was AFL-CIO ad­ We requested that the Treaty stipulate Imperialist Yankee Go Home slogans on the viser to the U.S. treaty team. that Panama will surrender all claim of Government controlled T.V. and news media. Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Did you meet with our Panamanian Citizenship, in the pa.st and Communist a.nd pro-communist elements negotiators in that ca.pa.city? for the duration of the Treaty, on all U.S. within the Panamanian Government are Mr. GRAHAM. All but Mr. Llnowitz. Mr. CitlZens born on the Isthmus of Panama, 1f working dlllgently to "educate" the people Llnowitz was never in town while I was the U.S. Citizen states his or her intention of Panama to throw the U.S. presence out working in the State Department. I did meet of U.S. Citizenship at age 21 to the U.S. no matter what guarantees are written into Ambassador Bunker, Mr. Wa.yrough, General State Department. This request was denied. the Treaty concerning continued U.S. mlll­ Dolvin, people that were actually doing the ta.ry presence in Panama. staff work on the treaty. LABOR PROVISIONS :IN NEW PANAMA-UNITED U.S. CitlZen employees who would be STATES TREATY Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Do you feel you had in­ asked to remain in Panama to operate the put into the decisions that were reached on As a. result of the July meeting of the waterway until Panama could operate it are the labor matters? AFL-CIO Panama canal Committee, I was rightfully concerned over their loss of Civil Mr. GRAHAM. Yes. elected by the Committee and appointed by Rights under the sovereignty of the present AFL-CIO President George Meany to be the Panamanian Government. There ls no free­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. I congratulate you on AFL-CIO Labor Advisor to the U.S. Treaty dom of the press, speech or the broadcasting having apparently more influence than we Negotiating Team. media. have, because as far as I know no member of Congress was consulted and asked for sug­ I worked with the U.S Treaty Team on Many of our members fear the actions of the Guardia National. Some think that gestions, so you have something that ls Treaty labor provisions until August 26. unique. We are satisfied that most of the labor Americans w111 be harassed so that they will provisions we required are included in the leave Panama sooner than they planned. Mr. GRAHAM. This is one of the problems New Treaty. Already one Canal Zone labor leader, op­ why we were asked not to advertise my pres­ One of the most important labor provi­ posed to the Treaty, has been arrested and ence there. The shipping lobby a.nd others sions, Optional Open-Ended Early Retire­ harassed by the Government of Panama, and would be interested also in having advisers. ment, will require legislation. However, we this included the blowing up of his private Mr. LAGOMARSINO. I a.m quite sure they are grateful for the attention President Car­ automobile. would be. ter and his staff gave this matter by stipu­ To bring this point home to Committee Mr. GRAHAM. However, the outcome I lating that the U.S. Government would members, the fa.ct that I am reporting to think speaks for itself. That obviously the sponsor this legislation in the Treaty. you our feelings a.bout the oppressive Gov­ U.S. State Department was interested In Mr. ernment of Panama, I a.m placing in jeop­ Meany's final approval, a.nd it stands to rea­ We face other labor problems with DOD. ardy the well being of my family and my­ Canal Zone Government operations that will son that Mr. Meany has 13 million members self a.t this very moment. I a.m also putting in the AFL-CIO, active AFL-CIO opposition become DOD functions, if the Treaty is rati­ my career with the Panama. Ca.na.l on the fied, are in danger of losing the Washington, to the treaty could well result in its defeat. line. You can be assured that I wm go on I believe that was the overriding !actor that D.C. pay base and Canal Zone leave bene­ the list of Americans to be dealt with should fits. This will cause serious labor unrest in persuaded Mr. Bunker to put a. labor rep­ sovereignty become a. reality. resentative on the treaty team. the Canal Zone. Our schools and hospitals We do not pretend to be experts on Na­ are very important to all of us in the Canal tional Defense matters. However, the Neu­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. On the other hand, over­ Zone and any disruption of these operations trality Treaty provides that 1f the U.S. goes whelming opposition by Members of Con­ could affect the entire Panama Canal opera­ to war, the enemy nation will have guaran­ gress can result in its defeat. tion. teed access to the Panama Canal. To put it Ml". GRAHAM. That is one of the things Labor legislation another way, if an ally of the U.S. sent an ex­ that has been bothering me a.11 a.long a.bout We will be seeking labor legislation for the peditionary force to Panama to stop the this. The Government of Pana.ma. seems to following: enemy nation from using the Panama. Ca.na.l, think that the Congress of the United States 1. Optional Open-Ended Early Retirement. the U.S. mllltary would be required to stop is some kind of big Judge you didn't have 2. Unemployment Compensation for Non­ them so that our enemy could be free to to deal with. He is a. military dictator who U.S. Employees. transit ships of war to a.tta.ck the United walks into his hand-picked national assem­ bly a.nd says all in favor say Aye and rubber CONCLUSION States. Our Joint Chiefs of Staff have approved stamps every blll he hands them. Perhaps Although Treaty labor benefits are, for the this Treaty a.nd we say we want our share of that influences his thinking when it comes most part. satisfactory we wish to go on rec­ income tax money back that ls helping to pay to the Senate and the Congress of the United ord at this time opposing the New Panama.­ their salaries, because these fine gentlemen States. That man is really, in the United U.S. Treaty. are not earning their pay. States I think we would term him a.s some- President Meany does not sueak for the In conclusion, we oppose a.ny treaty given what of a hick. · affiliated local unions of the CLU-MTC when to a mllltary dicta.tor. We believe that the His ignorance, for instance, of the opera­ he supports this Treaty. U.S. should live up to its image as the lead­ tion of the Panama Canal is a.ppa.lling. I This concludes the labor section of our er of the free world and consider a. treaty have personally spoken to him a.nd he seems testimony. I wlll be glad to answer any ques­ only with a Constitutional Government in to have a. notion that the ship shows up and tions that the House International Relations Panama. Do not be fooled by the word plebi­ somebody goes out in a. row boat and picks Committee members wish to ask. scite. Plebiscite by threat is no substitute !or up the check and says go ahead and takes Democratic Government. off a.nd that is all there ls to it. A slight ob­ STATEMENT-PART II Furthermore, we a.re convinced that the struction in the wakes of the locks never It ls our opinion that President Carter's Panama Canal wm be in the hands of the seems to enter his mind. I also believe that Treaty Signing Ceremony in Washington, Communists, i! not before, then shortly a.!ter he has no real knowledge o! the American D.C. set democracy in Latin America back the year 2000. legislative process, a.nd so that I believe in­ 100 years. It amazes us to witness a U.S. We believe that the American people are fluences him also. September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31005 VOLUNTEER MILITARY SAID option by a broad cross-section of American the poor or the black. Military service appar­ youth." ently continues to be viewed as an alterna­ WORKING Today's black young people are better ed­ tive employment option for a very broad ucated than those of 20 years ago and thus cross section of American society, from the HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER more can meet military entrance require­ wealthiest to the poorest." ments, one of two main reasons for the in­ Dr. Richard V. L. Cooper, a senior Rand OF WISCONSIN creased number of blacks in the services. Corporation analyst and the author of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The other reason is "the unusually high" 394-page report, said in a telephone inter­ Monday, September 26, 1977 unemployment rate among young black men. view: "Clearly the military service is still There are Just as many youths from an integral part of American society. It's Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, Dr. middle-and high-income areas enlisting as not a. poor ma.n's Army. The reason kids join Richard V. L. Cooper's long-awaited were taken in under the lottery draft system is the same as they've always joined: em­ Rand Corp. report, "Military Manpower late in the Vietnam war. (The draft ended ployment, pay and benefits, Job training, a and the All-Volunteer Force," has been in 1973.) cha.nee to see the world, getting away from The proportions of country and city youths home. The reasons haven't changed." published. volunteering "are remarkably similar" to The report said that much of the debate Dr. Cooper, perhaps the top civilian what they were under the draft. over the volunteer military has been the re­ expert on military manpower policies, It "is plainly incorrect" to blame the vol­ sult of "either a lack of information or mis­ spent 4 years preparing his report. His unteer experiment, which started in Janu­ information." Although 16 percent of en­ firm conclusion is that the switch 4% ary, 1973, for the biggest increases in mili­ listed men are black, as against 8 percent in years ago from a draft-induced to a Vol­ tary manpower costs. Higher pay and better 1960, the report heaps gentle scorn on critics benefits preceded the experiment. worried about the influx. unteer Armed Force "has worked." Looking ahead, the Rand study said that "The rising proportion of blacks should be Today's volunteers are smarter than "the key all-volunteer force issue" is not viewed as a positive sign, given that the their draft-era predecessors, he found. the size of the manpower pool for the mili­ main cause is the vastly larger numbers of They are representative of the Nation as tary but the number of people the services blacks qualifying for mliltary service," the a whole, too, both economically and from will need to sign up each year. report said. The Rand Corporation, a re­ an urban-rural standpoint. Because the services limit the number of search and analysis group based in Santa enlisted people that can enter the senior Monica, Calif., made the study for the Unit­ Contrary to critics' claims, the All-Vol­ pay grades, partly in response to congres­ ed States Defense Advanced Research Proj­ unteer Force-AVF-has not driven up sional restrictions, the flow of people enter­ ects Agency. ing and leaving the military is faster today defense manpower costs, Rick Cooper BOOST FOR ENLISTMENT found. Only two-tenths of 1 percent of than it was under the draft. added defense costs can in any way be Yet, said Rand, "the long-run success" of High unemployment for black youths, the volunteer force hinges on reducing this coupled with a lag in earning potential !or attributed to the AVF, he concluded. In­ personnel turbulence through better man­ them, has accelerated the numbers of blacks creased pay and benefits preceded the agement of enlisted manpower. entering the military. volunteer approach, and they were "Shifting from the current mix of 60 per Rather than finding fault with changes implemented because of the draft in cent flrst-termers and 40 per cent careerists that have accompanied the shift to volun­ many cases. to a 55-45 mix or a 50-50 mix," said the re­ teerism, the report declared, "The legacy The Washington Post and New York port, would result in a better matchup be­ of the draft has obscured and inhibited tween people and Jobs and reduce the need change that should be made by Congress Times both provided excell~nt synopses for new volunteers. The combination could and the Department of Defense." It said of Rick Cooper's study in their Monday save "up to $1 billion to $2 billion per year," that the Pentagon could save $5 billion editions. I commend them to your at­ said Rand. to $10 billion annually with an overhaul tention: Additional automation and more reliance of promotion, pay and pension policies. [From the Washington-Post, Sept. 26, 1977) on civilians within the military establish­ The report urged the Pentagon to open VOLUNTEER MILITARY SAID WORKING ment would save significant sums, accord­ the door to more re-enlistments, thereby ing to Rand. cutting the costs of training new recruits (By George C. Wilson) The study faulted the military's system each year, and to remove sizable numbers The great American experiment of filling of requiring a person to advance or leave of civilians from its payroll, replacing them the ranks of the military with volunteers the service, even though "a recent survey with civilians under short-term contracts. rather than draftees "has worked," the Rand shows that nearly 50 per cent of all enlisted In dealing with the often-criticized mill­ Corp. said yesterday. personnel would prefer to remain technical tary pension system, which costs more than The all-volunteer force, said Rand in its specialists rather than assume supervisory $35 billion a year, the report said plainly 407-page report, has proved in its first 4Y2 responsibilities." that the Pentagon must undertake a major years to be at least as fair to young people as The report said pay and related compen­ overhaul of the pension program before costs the draft. sation for the military have risen to the escalated further. The services have attracted smarter people point that officers "earn about 70 per cent HIGHER COMPENSATION through recruiting than the draft brought more and enlisted personnel about 30 per "It turns out that military personnel re­ them, the study said. Fears that ending the cent more than comparably aged and edu· draft would mean a poor, black Army have cated civilian workers." maining until retirement earn a total com­ not been realized, it added. pensation package 30 to 40 percent higher [From the New York Times, sept. 26, 1977) than the average amount earned by their "The military services can attract a socially comparably aged and educated counter­ representative mix of the desired quantity VOLUNTEER MILITARY CALLED SUCCESS; PAY parts," the report said. and quality of new recruits without the pres­ AND PENSION OVERHAUL URGED It added: "Part of the reason for the sure of the draft," it concluded. (By Bernard Weinraub) enormous growth of retirement costs is the The nonprofit research firm, based in Santa WASHINGTON, sept. 25-While the volun­ number of years that ea.ch retiree spends Monica, Calif., said the extra cost of relying teer military has been a success, outdated on the retired rolls. In contrast to the civil­ on volunteers has been modest, adding only policies are costing $5 billion to $10 billion ian worker who retires at, say, age 65 and two-tenths of 1 per cent to the defense spends about 10 years receiving retirement budget. annually, according to a detailed study of the nation's four-year-old shift from drafted pay, the average enlisted member serving While "for the most part, the story of the to voluntary military personnel. 20 years spends more than 35 years on the volunteer force has been one of success," The report by the Rand Corporation, re· retirement rolls, and the average 20-yea.r Rand said, it warned that the experiment leased today, pointedly disputes the conven­ officer spends just a little under 35 years." "can be ma.de to fail" if Pentagon and con­ tional wisdom that the volunteer Army in­ If retirement policies are not changed, the gressional leaders do not improve the way cluaes growing numbers of poorly educated report predicted, the cost o! the program, they manage military and civilian personnel youths from ghettos. Instead, the report which has grown from 1 percent of the de­ on the defense payroll. says, an increasing proportion of black men fense bud2'et to 7 percent since 1956, w111 The study was commissioned by the De­ a.net women a.re meeting the requirements be eating un 12 percent of the budget by fense Department's Advanced Research Proj­ for service. the mld-1990's. ects Agency. "'111e number of blacks entering the armed And. although mmtary pay, which Mr. Other conclusions in the report, entitled forces would be about the same under the Cooper calls a "costly patchwork," is sup­ "Military Manpower and the All-Volunteer all-volunteer force or the draft," the report posed to be comparable to civilian pay, of­ Force," included: · say:s. "'The main difference ts that the all· ficers' total compensation would place them The shortage of Jobs for teenagers is not volunteer force, by paying competitive wages in the top 10 percent of comparably a~ed the ma.in reason people have been volunteer­ witn civilian jobs, is not discriminating and educated civilian workers, the report ing for the m111tary since the draft ended, against blacks the way the draft did." said. "but rather the fa.ct that military service is ' The report adds: "The American military '111e report's kev pronosals for pay and apparently seen a.s an attractive employment has not been nor is it becoming an Army of pensions would make the mllitary pensions 31006 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 contributory, as in clv111a.n life, so that the The availability of public funds would arettes. This blll, H.R. 6330, was referred to growing costs of retirement are shared by also enable candidates to throw their hat your subcommittee. As you know, a variety both the individual and the Government; re­ into the political arena without all the of similar bills have also been introduced, establish the 30-year career as "the norm" existing problems created by the need to and the Advisory Commission on Intergov­ and encourage more 35-year careers, and ernmental Relations has recently concluded alter military pay so that increases are less pay for campaign expenses. The compe­ that some legislative remedy ls necessary. automatic and more responsive to achieve­ tition created by this legislation would Consequently, I would like to urge you to ment. improve, in my opinion, the quality of schedule hearings on these bills. "The removal of the draft has raised Government and would create a more re­ According to the Law Enforcement Assist­ genuine questions about the ways in which sponsive and capable Congress. When ance Administration, cigarette smuggling ls the D.0.D. [Department of Defense) uses and the electorate has a well-defined choice, the second largest source of revenue for or­ manages its human resources," tbe report elections will be more likely to be won ganized crime. In turn, much of this money concluded. "The legacy of the draft means ls funneled into other 1llegal activities. that fundamental changes in manpower on merit. At the same time, bootlegged cigarettes management and utilization a.re needed, not In conclusion, H.R. 5157 will be a con­ deprive states of much needed revenue. This only to insure the long-run success of the structive change in our political proc­ is especially true in the case of my own state, volunteer force, but more important, to ha.It ess. Prompt action by the House Admin­ which estimates the revenue loss at some $80 spiraling manpower costs and make better istration Committee and the House of million annually. However, Michigan is also use of defense resources." Representatives is imperative in order among those states which suffer the great­ that this reform may be in place in time est loss in tax revenues. Altogether, states 1978 a.re losing approximately $300 mlllion an­ for the elections. nually according to the Multi-State Tax CAMPAIGN FINANCING ACT Commission. BOOTLEGGED CIGARETTES This ls money that those states can ill af­ ford to lose. Ultimately, of course, these HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. losses are passed on to the individual tax­ OF MARYLAND HON. MATTHEW F. McHUGH payer. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Everyone agrees there ls a. problem, that OF NEW YORK Monday, September 26, 1977 the problem ls caused by wide differentials in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tax rates, and that the states cannot stop the Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, and my Monday, September 26, 1977 flOOd of bootlegged cigarettes themselves. distinguished colleagues, I would like to Given the seriousness of the problem, it take this opportunity to stress the im­ Mr. McHUGH. Mr. Speaker, last eve­ would seem desirable to explore the prob­ ning the television program "Sixty Min­ lem in greater deta.11 and to consider alter­ portance of immediate House action on native legislative remedies. That is why I am the Campaign Financing Act of 1977 utes" devoted a segment of its telecast to the problem of bootlegged cigarettes. asking for hearings. aign contributions. Individual voters derived by organized crime are rechan­ distribution of health care, especially that cannot match the financial strengths of neled into a variety of other criminal one a.bout closing down small hospitals that organized special interest groups. activities. None of us should overlook operate at less than 80 percent of bed ca­ This legislation encourages candidates this when considering the issue. pacity and another about the closing of small to seek contributions from members of The letter follows: post offices, which in my mind constitutes the general public. Passage of this bill AUGUST 31, 1977. the same kind o! stinkin' thinkin'. would equalize the ability of the voters Hon. JOHN CONYERS, This type of "economy" may work fine !or and the special interest groups to in­ Chairman, Subcommittee on Crime, Com­ California. and New York and other highly mittee on the Judiciary, Rayburn House populated areas, but when you consider the fluence candidates for office-an essen­ Office Building, Washington, D.O. distances with gas at about the 65c level and tial element in the operation of a repre­ DEAR JOHN: On Aprll 19th I introduced the spread-out population of this part of the sentative democracy. legislation to curb traffic in bootlegged cig- nation, it Just don't make economic sense to September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31007 me, not even considering the humanitarian are being applied to the same key prin­ Congress should make certain that both aspect of the situation. ciples by both parties. I raised this con­ sides understand and agree on the mean­ In 1969 my life depended on quick medical cern with Messrs. Rusk and Kissinger ing of each and every clause in the action. It was saved in a. 20-bed hospital with and the following dialogue ensued: treaty. Otherwise, if each side is allowed one doctor, a.nd the hospital sometimes ha.d only three or four patients in bed, and at Mr. IRELAND. I would like to pursue for a to attach whatever interpretation suits that time did not even have a heart monitor. minute, gentleman, this different interpreta­ its purpose in order to promote ratifica­ Had it been necessary to haul me to a hos­ tion that apparently exists in Panama and tion, the treaty truly will not be worth pital with 80 percent of its beds filled, I prob­ the United States on issues that have been the paper on which it is written. ably would not be here to tell about it-They referred to earlier as the real heart of the treaty. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I would re­ woulda had to ship me clear to Minneapolis spectfully encourage my colleagues at or a.t least Sioux Falls, and I didn't have that The chief negotiator in Panama, as I think much time. most of us are aware, was on the radio in this point to look rather closely at this In the fall of 1967 my dad's life was saved Panama in late August saying that the treaty whole question of interpretation and not in a small Minneosta hospital because it wa.s does not establish that the United States has base their judgments solely on the basis close. It is highly unlikely he'd have made it the right to intervene or send troops lnto of the formal language contained in the to Minneapolis. Panama., and that we do not have the rights treaties. Here east of the river where the popula­ that have been alluded to as the strong point Thank you, Mr. Speaker. tion is more dense than out west, there are in the argument presented this morning. places where it is necessary to go 30 or 40 My real concern is that should the Con­ miles to a small hospital, a.nd I really doubt gress approve such a treaty based on Article if even the larger cities like Aberdeen and IV, based on the interpretation that we do Watertown operate at the 80 percent level have these rights, and the Panamanians ap­ A. ALAN POST more than a fraction of the time. prove the treaty based on the fact that we don't have the rights, what good is the treaty with such a very basic difference of opinion HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON in it? OF CALIFORNIA PANAMA CANAL TREATY Mr. RusK. I expressed earlier that to me IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this Article IV (Defense and Protection) is a Monday, September 26, 1977 very important part of these two treaties and HON. ANDY IRELAND I would hope that this Committee, for exam­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. OF FLORIDA ple, in its Committee report, would make this Speaker, on September 1, 1977 the State point very clear in terms of United States' IN THF. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of California lost the leadership of a man interpretation.... who has been one of the most widely re­ Monday, September 26, 1977 Now if at the time of the exchange of rati­ spected government figures in the past fications there is a fundamental difference Mr. IRELAND. Mr. Speaker, I have publicly expressed by the two sides on this three decades. A. Alan Post, legislative submitted the following remarks in writ­ point, then we may have to go back to the analyst for the State of California, has ten form in order to avoid tying up the drawing board and see what can be worked retired after a highly distinguished ten­ House's time for oral discussion. out. ... (Emphasis added.) ure in government service. Much has been made lately in the Mr. KISSSINGER. I would think this ls a As the chief financial adviser for the news media of the fact that former Sec­ case in which it is important to spell out California State Legislature, Alan's in­ retaries of State Rusk and Kissinger the meaning of Article IV and I would sup­ fluence in state affairs has been tremen­ support the new Panama Canal Treaty. port a Congressional attempt to express in dous. He has served with five Governors, Recently, as a member of the House turn its support for the Administration's both Republican and Democratic-and International Relations Committee, I interpretation of Article IV. with countless faces and political phi­ had a chance to question both of these I must say my own support of the agree­ ment hinges importantly on the neutrality losophies in the State senate and assem­ gentleman about the treaty, and I would clause and it is my understanding that it bly. Yet his impartiality and ability have like to take this opportunity to share gives us the possibility to defend the neu­ been praised and respected almost uni­ some observations with my colleagues. trality of the Canal unilaterally . ... (Em­ versally, a tribute to the professional rep­ From my own reading of the treaty it phasis added.) utation he was able to establish and seems clear that there are two basic a-s­ Mr. RusK. Over in the other body, for maintain over the years. sumptions which are crucial to the treaty example, in their resolution of advice and I first came to know Alan while serving and are the touchstones upon which consent they might include this as an under­ in the California State Assembly. His many of its advocates are basing their standing. I would hope it would not be duties were to advise the legislature and support. The first of these is that the raised as a technical reservation, because that creates some technical problems, but as make nonpartisan recommendations on United States is entitled to intervene to a.n understanding so there is no doubt as to any proposal carrying a fl.seal implica­ protect the neutrality of the canal, and what this treaty means as far as we are tion-including the Governor's budget. the second is that U.S. warships are en­ concerned. Obviously, his was a job tailor made for titled to expeditious or privileged passage Mr. IRELAND. How would that operate controversy. through the canal. mechanically should they say this ls our During the 8 years I served as Lieuten­ Numerous advocates of ratification understanding and it is dramatically differ­ ant Governor of our State, my wife and have consistently maintained that both ent from v,ha.t has been expressed in Pan­ I were able to know the Posts quite well. rights are "guaranteed" by the treaty. ama? Where would this going back to the Alan is a slight man, whose polite de­ drawing board occur, in your opinion? meanor and patience belie his strength However, on August 24 of this year Mr. RusK. If this should happen and then at a press conference in Panama, Dr. a.t that time of exchange of ratification, or and conviction. The respect and admira­ Bethancourt, Panama's chief treaty when you approach the exchange of ratifica­ tion he inspired in those around him was negotiator, observed "the pact does not tion, or when you approach the exchange of amazing, yet at the same time he was a establish that the United States has the ra.tifica.tlon, if Panama then does not want to good friend and a warm, caring person­ right to intervene in Panama. "Nor," he rat.ify, in the face of that expression of our ality. went on to say, "does it provide the interpretation, then you are back to the A native Californian, A. Alan Post was drawing boards. In other words, the public United States with the right to still has some misunderstanding about what born in Alhambra on September 17, 1914. determine when (that) neutrality is ratification means .... He attended the Chouinard Institute of 1 violated." Mr. KISSINGER. I would think at the time Art prior to his graduation from Occi­ As to the issue of the expeditious pas­ of exchange of ratifications the act of ex­ dental College in 1938, and received an sage of U.S. warships, Dr. Bethancourt changing should make clear tha.t the other M.A. degree in economics from the observed, "if the Gringos with their war­ side understands our interpretation of this Princeton University Graduate School in ships say, 'I want to go first,' that is treaty and I think this ca.n be worked 1940. their problem. We cannot go that far." 2 out .... Mr. RusK. This point ls a basic considera­ Alan's career in fl.seal matters began The point here Mr. Speaker, is that tion in exchange for an abrogation of the in 1933, when he worked for the Security quite obviously, different interpretations 1903 treaty, among other things. It is part of First National Bank of Los Angeles until the basic consideration. 1936. After spending the period between 1 Foreign Broadcast Information Service Translations, August 29, 1977. It seems crucial to me, Mr. Sneaker, 1940 and 1942 in investment banking, he 2 Ibid. that prior to any attempt at ratification, taught economics at Occidental College CXXllI--1951-Part 24 31008 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 in 1942, serving as an assistant professor he took temporarily last fall. Travel also had stated that Biko died due to a hunger at American University in 1943. will play an important part in his plans. strike. However, recently, there have During World War II, Post served in Mr. Speaker, seldom does a public been growing suspicions that there could the U.S. Naval Reserve, seeing active servant have the opportunity to serve the be other causes for Biko's death. Mem­ duty in 1943-44 as an apprentice seaman people of a State for so long and so well bers of the family who viewed Steven and ensign. Following that tour of duty, as A. Alan Post has done. His retirement Biko's body on Saturday night have re­ he joined the U.S. State Department as this month is truly the end of an era in ported that there appeared to be a pro­ an economist in 1944. California government, for his singular nounced swelling on Biko's forehead and Post first worked for the State of capacity for work and untarnished repu­ there was a distortion of his features, California in 1946, when he became tation have been a constant and distin­ which are hardly the result of a hunger chief economist-administrative assist­ guishing factor in Sacramento for nearly strike. ant for the joint legislative budget com­ 30 years. Throughout South Africa there have mittee. In 1950, he was appointed State My wife, Lee, joins me in congratu­ been demonstrations against the Gov­ legislative auditor by then Gov. Earl lating Alan on an outstanding career, ernment's actions. In addition, memorial Warren; the title was changed to legis­ and in sending our best wishes to his services and protest meetings are plan­ lative analyst in 1958. lovely wife, Helen, and their son, David. ned with the promise of creating more As a fiscal conservative, Post seemed I am positive that they are justly proud repercussions from abroad. to have a yearly task of slashing the of Alan's many accomplishments. The South African Government by Governor's proposed budget-or, in We would also like to wish Alan the it's contradictory statements has left it­ some cases, calling for increases in cer­ best of fortune as he vacations on Spain's self wide open for more criticism. My tain items. Obviously, such a responsi­ scenic coast prior to his working as a hope is that with the mounting pressure, bility is not exactly geared to endear consultant for the Shah of Iran. Retire­ the Government will open a wide investi­ a person to the heart of the chief exec­ ment is, of course, a relative term; Alan gation into the true cause of Steven utive---nor to the legislators whose pet will keep busy when he returns to Cali­ Biko's death and that this will mark the programs are labeled as uneconomic. fornia at the end of this year and starts beginning of new attitudes directed at Yet A. Alan Post's fairness, objectivity a new career as an instructor at the recognition of the black majority which and ability remained unquestioned University of Southern California, and is demanding its long overdue right to throughout his career in Sacramento. as a consultant. participate at the most fundamental Since the beginning of his long tenure It is good to see that he will return to levels in a society which has to this point as a State official, Post has seen Cali­ California, for the love he holds for our insisted on remaining ignorant of fornia grow from, in his own words, "a State is amply demonstrated by his mounting frustrations. South Africa's veritable outpost of the continental sterling record of service on our behalf. Government, by refusal to grant worth United States to one of the largest and and dignity to all individuals is asking most important political entities in the not only for worldwide criticism but is world." California's tremendous growth ref using to recognize the very seeds of and prosperity in the past 30 years is MYSTERIOUS DEATH OF BLACK bloodshed and eventual self-destruction due in no small measure to the economic LEADER which it has planted. expertise and advice that A. Alan Post has provided to our State's leadership. Alan's reputation as a fiscal expert is Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke reflected in the wide range of profes­ OF CALIFORNIA IN PRAISE OF BOB POAGE sional societies and activities he has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been involved with over the years. These Monday, September 26, 1977 include the National Tax Association; HON. DAWSON MATHIS the Research Advisory Committee of the Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ OF GEORGIA Council of State Governments; and the er, the mysterious death of black leader IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES National Legislative Conference Com­ Steven Biko has attracted worldwide Monday, September 26, 1977 mittee on Legislative Staff Training. In attention. The black nationalist died in addition, he has at various times held custody on September 12. The South Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, as Mem­ African Government announced that bers are aware, one of the most distin­ Positions on the Committee on Govern­ guished Members of this House has made ment and Higher Education; as a con­ Biko's death was the result of a 7-day hunger strike, making Biko the 21st black a decision not to continue his service. The sultant on Future Operations, 1965- gentleman from Texas, Mr. POAGE, made 66; and as a member of the Advisory to die while in detention during the past year. that announcement in his beloved home Committee for the Legislative Services district over the weekend, and in doing Project, American Society for Public Steven Biko, the 30-year-old black so has announced an end to one of the Administration in 1967. leader has been labeled the Martin most distinguished careers in the long Alan's community involvements have Luther King of South Africa's movement history of this body. w. R. "BOB" POAGE reflected his interest in arts and the hu­ toward "black consciousness." This is probably today the most knowledgable manities. An accomplished artist, he is a proud nonviolent man is also contributed person in the world on agricultural mat­ former member of the California Water with the founding of the movement. It is ters, and is recognized as such by persons Color Society, and is chairman of the Art a sad note that until his death Steven involved in agricultural here and abroad. Evaluation Committee for the Capitol Biko was unknown to many. For, Biko I have had the pleasure of serving with Mall, Redevelopment Agency of the city was a victim of the South African Gov­ this great American since 1971, both as of Sacramento. Post served as president ernment's policy of "banning" persons a Member of this body and on the House of the Crocker Art Gallery's board of di­ who express comments that were con­ Committee on Agriculture. I came to this rectors in 1966, and is a member of the trary to government actions, and was body with knowledge of BOB PoAGE's ex­ Sacramento Artists League. prohibited from being referred by the pertise and leadership, and my admira­ In addition, Post was chairman of the press and confined to his home in King tion has grown in direct proportion to the board of managers of the Young Men's William's Town in Cape Province. length of time I have known and served Christian Association in 1961-62, and is Biko's death is exemplary of frustra­ with him. a member of the board of directors, Peo­ tion that potentially results in backlash. The citizens of this Nation, and espe­ ple to People Council, Inc. Already, there has been mounting criti­ cially the constituency he has served Now that he is retired, Alan plans to cism requesting the resignation of the from his native Texas, will always be spend more time in his home on the coast Minister of Justice Jimmy Kruger. The indebted to this gentleman, and I know of Spain, where he plans to devote much growing demands come from not only I speak for all Members when I say he of his time to painting. In addition, he blacks, but from whites who are enraged will be sorely missed. My wishes are for will continue to serve as an economic by the South African Government's role a full and rich retirement for both Bos consultant to the Shah of Iran, a position in this affair. Originally, the Government and his lovely Mrs. Poage. September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31009 THE PREDATOR CONSERVATION investigating the impact of such heavY AIR BAG RULING MUST BE ACT demands on the U.S. bobcat population. REVERSED It appears that this animal is having great difficulty withstanding the uncon­ HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST trolled exploitation which has been a di­ HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. OF vmGINIA rect result of pressure for the cat's skin. OF WISCONSIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This vanishing breed continues to go un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, September 26, 1977 protected in many areas of the country Monday, September 26, 1977 while the price of pelts climbs upward. Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, on There is no doubt that protection is lag­ Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, the Sub­ September 28, 1977, I plan to reintroduce ging behind fashion and the profit mo­ committee on Consumer Protection and H.R. 6909, a bill which I believe could tive. At an average price of $200 per pelt, Finance of the House Interstate and For­ have an immediate positive impact on the pursuit of this tormented cat con­ eign Commerce Committee has opposed the wildlife of our Nation. This bill, the tinues: bobcats in most of our Western a resolution I have cosponsored to block Predator Conservation Act, is intended States can be taken day or night, 365 Federal orders requiring installation of to protect predators from indiscriminate days a year. air bags in all new automobiles. slaughter and ultimately to preserve the I am very disappointed with the sub­ prey-predator interrelationship. I think Also suffering the consequences of in­ humane slaughter methods is the wolf. committee's action. It should be over­ we all need to be reminded of the vital turned by the full committee before the role played by predators in keeping our Despite this animal's role in the ecosys­ tem, it has been reviled and driven al­ October 10 deadline. If not, the American ecosystem in balance. The repercussions people will again become the victims of from the practice of indiscriminate most to the brink of extinction. Besides natural illnesses, the wolf has no real more Government regulation and inter­ slaughter are extremely detrimental to ference in their lives. this balance, and H.R. 6909 would go a enemy except man. The wolf in the past long way toward abating the inhumane has also been among the world's most While there are several good reasons treatment of many animals. adaptable carnivores, but such is no to oppose the Department of Transporta­ Examples abound of such indiscrimi­ longer the case since man has branded tion's ruling, I think the central question nate slaughter, including the killing of this animal as a pest and a menace. At remains: To what extent should the Gov­ predators by aerial hunters, the use of one time, the habitat of the wolf in­ ernment protect us from ourselves? In steel-jaw traps, and sweeping use of cluded almost any region except desert this case, the Government bureaucrats poisons. Such methods are certain to and tropical jungle. Today the wolf's have gone too far. We must reject the upset nature's delicate balance. For ex­ range in the conterminous United States philosophy that Government can or ample, the mountain lion is one of the is 1 percent of what it once was. Six of should regulate all aspects of our lives­ most adaptable of carnivores, but it is the 24 subspecies of the timber wolf are to make decisions for us-in the expec­ constantly facing the threats of poison, probably already extinct. The legendary tation that we will be better off for hav­ guns, and traps. This marvelous preda­ evils of the wolf have caused it to be ing done so. Our obligation as lawmakers tor ranges through more kinds of coun­ hunted for bounty for more than 2,500 is to guarantee the individual's freedom try and varying degrees of latitude than years; man has devised poisons and of choice-not necessarily to protect him any other; it has managed to survive snares to destroy it and has even used from every possible danger of living in the ebbs and flows of the glaciers, and it the rest of the canine family against it society. lived through the massive dying-off of by breedings dogs large enough and COST CONSIDERATIONS mammals in the Pleistocene era. Today strong enough to help kill off their In our consideration of the air-bag the mountain lion, known also as pan­ closest wild relative. ruling, I do not think we can ignore the ther, cougar, or puma, depending on the I am pleased to say that my bill has consumer factor. The Department of section of the country, roams through received support from Marlin and Carol Transportation admits that the air bag the sea swamps of Florida, travels the Perkins, and Ms. Perkins presented H.R. could add $200 or more to the price of a 11,000-foot flanks of Mount Whitney, 6909 this past June at the Endangered new automobile. Once an air bag inflates, and climbs the Andes to 15.000 feet. It Species Symposium in St. Louis. In addi­ the car must be returned for a new air finds a home also in prairies, coastal tion, endorsements have been received bag installation which costs more than woodlands, swamplands. deserts. and hill from the International Primate Protec­ the original factory installation. Since country, but nevertheless the species is tion League and the Fund for Animals. 1.2 million injurious accidents occur each being diminished gradually but steadily I would be the first to agree that a de­ year, the air bag may inflate in several by the encroachment of what we like to gree of regulation of some species is an hundred thousand cars annually. The call civilization. essential factor in maintaining a proper cost of the air bag each time a person In North America, there are an esti­ balance in the ecosystem, but such regu­ buys a new car, plus the accident re­ mated 12,000 pumas, and this continent lation need not be carried out in an in­ placement cost, could add up to a new ex­ is the last major stronghold of this ani­ humane or indiscriminate manner. One pense for the average car owner of over mal. The current methods of taking these of the basic principles of ecology is that $2,000 during his driving life. Ag-ain. we animals appear to be anything but civi­ life forms which occupy a habitat must must ask ourselves: Does the Govern­ lized. Trappers use oil of catnip and re­ adapt to it. If this adjustment is dis­ ment have the right to inflict that cost corded mating cans as lures. Experienced turbed, the end result will be the deteri­ increase on the average consumer? hunters are aware of the lions' habits oration of the habitat. It is hard to QUESTIONABLE VALUE and stalking trails, and they have de­ understand why, of all the creatures on One of the more disturbing aspects of veloped effective slaughter methods. It is earth, man alone has attempted to make the Department's ruling is that no hard clear that the mountain lion's worst en­ himself independent of ecological rules evidence exists to show that air bags emy is man, who has taken away so much by artificially altering habitats to suit his would signi:flcantlv improve highway of this animal's habitat and food supply needs without regard for maintaining safetv. Last year Transportation Secre­ and killed so many of the species directly any sort of balance. tary William Coleman ne~otiated a plan as well. Needless to say, the mountain Predators are no exception to nature's whereby 400,000 cars would be equipped lion has been backed into an ecological laws, and their numbers must be limited with air bags so that real-world safety corner. Paradoxical as it may seem, the to what the available territory can pro­ statistics could be gathered as a basis predator may not need wilderness as vide. My concern, as reflected in H.R. for making a sound. quantitative anal­ much as it needs protection from human 6909, is that this limitation be accom­ ysis of the value of air bags. Instead, the harassment. plished by humane methods and not by new administration has chosen to cir­ Another predator that has suffered the indiscriminate slaughter of the types so cumvent that voluntary aoproach in fa­ consequences of indiscriminate slaughter prevalent today. It is my hope that my vor of an arbitrary decision that could is the bobcat. According to a recent news colleagues will see fit to join me in sup­ very well prove as disastrous as the man­ article, inflated prices for the fur of the port of H.R. 6909, and I will welcome datory inter-lock system several years bobcat have led some biologists to begin their cosponsorship. ago. 31010 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977

SEAT BELT ALTERNATIVE are: Jews are Semites; and the child ls told eternal, by any means necessary, and create of the great history of the Jewish people. for all people a decent life. Seat belts are installed in 95 percent Shortly after developing self-identity, the A recent observation on how many times of today's automobiles. Hard evidence, young Jew must be taught a lesson never to a dollar changes hands within the ethnic as opposed to conjecture, exists which be forgotten: who the enemy ls-the antl­ communities of San Francisco should be of shows that seat belts are effective in sav­ Semite, and no means must be spared to significance to us: A dollar changes hands ing lives. A person wearing a seat belt destroy anti-Semitism. Blacks, similarly, at in the Chinese ocmmunity 5 to 6 times, in in a serious accident triples his chances the age of conce_ tual development, must the Jewish community 4 to 5 times, in the for survival. At the same time, a DOT identity for young Blacks who they are. The WASP community 3 to 4 times, and in the importance of Alex Haley's "Roots" cannot Black community, once-it comes in and goes analysis shows that seat belts, even be over-estimated. Its psychological impact out! Think of the awesome economic power though worn by only 44 percent of the involving a dramatic appreciation by Blacks Blacks wlll control, when we learn and population, save 30 percent more lives of their origins and a discussion of the practice the simple expedient of allowing than would air bags. Indeed, to achieve mythology of docile acceptance of slavery a dollar to touch Black hands twice while maximum effectiveness, air bags must be was accompanied by a deep sense of psycho­ residing in our community! used with seat belts. logical awakening on the part of whites, who In the new planned national economy, It is tragic that more people do not previously had lived with the myth that Blacks should show the highest degree of Blacks, even in slavery, were the White Man's creative statesmanship by moving to the use their seat belts, but a few people Burden. Our Black progeny must be ac­ vanguard, offering to White businesses and have the right to do "foolish things." quainted with the beauty of blackness, and the White middle class who have flown the Yet, the air bag ruling penalizes those the history of the Black man's contribution cities an invitation to return and rebuild who do take safety precautions for the to world civilization and progress must ~·e these areas of enterprise, and share in the benefit of those who choose to ignore vividly painted-for example, the history of political power which thereby results; they the warnings and drive without benefit the mighty kingdoms of Africa, with its great should urge the development of the metro­ of seat belt protection. A nationwide universities and societies of culture; the do­ politan concept, in which the borrough sys­ seat-belt education program would be a mestication of animals, the mining and tem provides, with federal assistance, the smelting of precious metals, are the contri­ economic basis for all the life enrichment far better alternative than promulgating butions of Blacks to clvllization. Next, our potentials-adequate schools, adequate another Government regulation to fur­ Black young must be taught that the eternal health facilities, adequate housing, adequate ther aggravate the American consumer. enemy of the Black experience ls racism, and finances-a community vibrant enough to A GLARING EXAMPLE no means must be spared to destroy it. implement the philosophical demands of (2) Jews have always recognized and ac­ the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment I agree that this particular issue pales cepted their responslblllty to use their re­ Bill: a job for every able-bodied citizen, with ln comparison with some of the more sources to take care of their own. The Na­ the government accepted as an employer of weighty matters which must be addressed tional Jewish Welfare Appeal ls a most im­ last resort. by this Congress. However, it stands out portant instrument with which internal Only in the Black experience and our own as a glaring example of how Govern­ needs of the national Jewish community are sordid circumstances can we find the cour­ ment encroachment begins-not with met; the needs o! the international Jewish age, fortitude and daring intellectual per­ malice, but rather with a simple premise community are responded to in the Bonds spective to move out from a submerged, for Israel drives. Blacks in 1976 earned $77 .1 amorphous mass, the victims of an oppres­ that Government should take actions billion, while they spent $70 bllllon-more sive social and political system, to rally mil­ which will hopefully be good for us. The than any other identifiable group in the lions of sleeping giants in America to the flaw however, is that the people, and nation in terms of the expenditure of its cause of turning this nation around, moving not the Government, should be making gross annual income for goods and services. in a great crusade to fulfill the humanistic those judgments. Blacks are the 9th wealthiest nation of the promises in a Second American Revolution non-socialist world; as the Jews, we must (or indeed to guarantee the fulfillment of use our economic resources in the develop­ the humanistic promises submerged in the ment of a National Black United Fund First American Revolution) which must be OPPORTUNITIES FOR BLACKS (NBUF), so that blacks can undergird won. Our crusade will give birth to a planned through self-help and financial support, the economy, dedicated to the service and en­ intra-group needs of Black America, not only richment of life for all Americans. What a HON. PHILLIP BURTON giving aid and assistance to the needy of victory this would be for a suffering human­ OF CALIFORNIA 26 million Black Americans but also provid­ ity against all of our enemies, who stealth­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing leadership in the assistance and develop­ ily but surely are structuring a planned ment of trade and commerce, and relief to society for the few who are rich, the few Monday, September 26, 1977 the nations in Africa and other third world who are powerful, the few whose greed knows peoples. no bound. Mr. PHILLIP BURTON. Mr. Speaker, (3) Jews use their economic resources and We have hastily postulated the emerging I would like to call the Members' atten­ their political power in forging opportuni­ pattern of the new yet great design by which tion to the comments of Dr. Carlton B. ties for Jews as well as using political and 26 million Blacks residing in the belly of Goodlett, president of the National economic means to punish their enemies. the beast can find internal resources with Newspaper Association-Black Press of Similarly, 26 million Blacks, two-thirds of which to enlarge their political and eco­ America. His observations on the im­ whom live in America's fifty largest cities, nomic options. If, however, we slumber while portant relationship between opportuni­ with a 1976 annual income of $77.1 billion, our masses crawl and our youngsters are must use Black economic power and polltl­ allowed to rot in jail, we shall deserve our ties for Blacks and the implementation cal power as instruments in developing lntra­ fate-which is being ignored in person, while of black economic influence are incisive group opportunities for Blacks, on the one our economic resources are snatched from and inspiring. hand, and using this political and economic us as life-enriching contributions for those We have no muslons about the chances o. power, on the other hand, to punish the who are basically our enemies. We fall to 26 m1111on blacks, representing the black tall, racists who thwart Black progress. utilize the intellectual, creative genius of wagging the white dog. Yet, 26 m1111on blacks, The power of economic boycott was no Black America in this crusade for · Black finally recognizing the ultimate disaster of­ better illustrated than the response of the survival at great peril. fered by capitalism for black colonials in American Jewish community 1n 1975 to The struggle in the founding conventions ca,...italist America, led by the Black Psychol­ Mexico's affirmative vote on the UN Resolu­ of the nation pitted supporters of human­ ogists, Black Nurses and Doctors, the Black tion declaring Zionism was a form of rac­ istic values against those of materialistic Church, the Black Politicians, and Black ism. Because of this vote, American Jews values. Unfortunately, the materialists won, leaders everywhere, using their moral, men­ literally destroyed Mexico's multimillion-dol­ and the nation has traveled its first 200 years tal and physical resources: such a unified, lar tourist industry. Even though Mexico down the contradictory road of verbalizing dedicated black force for change, residing in changed its foreign ministers and came to paeans of "Freedom Liberty, Justice and the belly of the beast, would create an irre­ New York pleading for reconc111atlon, the Equity," but the cadence of the nation's sistible process in the body politic that would Jewish leaders curtly told Mexico, "We wlll drum-beat in act and deed emphasizes rights force the total nation to seek and develop see how Mexico votes ii:. the 1976 UN session." held in primacy over human rights." viable economic alternatives. At the 1976 UN session, Mexico changed her The greed of the Whites who landed at Three examples come to us from the Jewish vote, and in January, 1977, Jews were of­ Plymouth Rock began a process o! sustained experience by which Bl<\.Cks mirzht use our ficially notified in the mass communications exploitation which led ultimately to the economic power to combat racism: media that they should now return as tour­ extinction or the native Red Man, and ac- (1) The Jews, early ln the life of their ists to Mexico. cepted for 200 years the moral stench o! progeny, as soon as a child develops the ca­ No Black sacrifice ls too great in our strug­ Black slavery. The neurosis of greed dis­ pacity to understand concept, ideutiry for gle--with allies i! possible, but alone i! played in the destruction or both material their progeny who they are and what they necessary-to destroy racism-the enemy and human resources in the name of free- September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31011 dom, justice and equality, has created an 21st century. We must raise matching funds AGRICULTURAL TRADE avaricious breed of homo sapiens interested of at least $20 million from Black America, foremost in the acquisition and accumula­ to make this medical school a reality and a tion of wealth-vast holdings by the power­ tangible demonstration that a people earn­ HON. TOM HAGEDORN ful and greedy, in violation of the most ing $77 billion in 1976 and a.n anticipated OF MINNESOTA elemental laws of a finely honed eco-cycle. $100 billion in 1982 can and will support its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Racism, sexism and classism are a double­ own, monetarily as well a.s physically, for edged sword, contributing to the mental the new birth of freedom in the USA. Monday, September 26, 1977 illness of both the victims of this aberrant "THE SEARCH FOR A BLACK IDEOLOGY" Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, I would behavior and the perpetrators. We hope shortly to call, probably at Rob­ like to add to the remarks of my col­ How could a system that lived a lie, and ert Moten's Farm in Virginia, behavioral leagues some observations on a specific glorified personal greed, which flaunted scientists, representing all of the disciplines, human and moral values, create a physical to search for a Black Ideology in this, the point which is of direct concern to both and psychological climate which was not 114th post-Lincoln Emancipation Year. We myself and my constituents. This con­ foreboding to all societal resources, physical project soon to call a first international con­ cerns the status and future of agricul­ and human? ference of Blacks in Diaspora, a gathering tural trade between the United States The Kerner Commission's Report identi­ of representatives of the 65 million Blacks and the Republic of China. fied racism a.s the one cardinal sickness inhabting North, Central and South Amer­ I think that no one would dispute the which haunts the nation; the second and ica, such as Afro-Americans, the Latino-Af­ third horsemen of the Apocalypse which ricans and the Hispa.no Africans. These two fact that the Republic of China on threaten the nation a.re sexism and class­ projects-the think-tank in search of a.n Taiwan has developed on extremely dy­ ism. The fourth, mental illness. ldaology and the convening of an interna­ namic economy which demonstrates the OUR NATION IS A SICK SOCIETY tional conference of Blacks in Diaspora., must best of what can be achieved through a How can good mental health a.bound in demand the attention and receive the assist­ successful economic development pro­ a society which: ( 1) spends $50 billion secur­ ance of the nation's Black Psychologists, and gram. Being an island state with severe ing Western Europe against communist other behavioral scientists. limitations on available land, the econ­ dogma., post-World War II, but refuses to Finally, we dare not fail to reconstitute omy of the ROC has been based in large guarantee a national wage above the pov­ our struggle to protect the Black psyche. According to the Joint Commission on part on the development of high volume erty line for its workers? (2) Whose leader international trade. I am pleased to point proclaims human rights throughout the Mental Health, 1969, in terms of mental world, yet the nation rejects equal rights health, racism is a. more pervasive and ·far out that the United States has played a for its female citizens? (3) A nation which more serious threat than childhood schizo­ major role in the development of that spends $25 billion to place footsteps on the phrenia., mental retardation, psychoneurosis trade, and that the level of U.S.-China moon but will not guarantee to its citizens or any other emotional derangement. It de­ trade currently stands at close to $4 the right to a job with all of the rehabilitat­ structive effects severely cripple the growth billion. ing virtues which honest work gives to a and development of millions of our citizens, both young and old alike. Yearly, it directly This constitutes a very real economic man or woman? (4) A nation more in­ interest of the United States, and a not terested in the bottom line for industry and and indirectly causes more fatalities, disabil­ investment with no concern for the lifeline ities, and economic loss than any other sin­ inconsiderable one. While a large part of to health for its citizens? This is indeed a gle factor. American exports to the ROC is com­ sick society. This ls the challenge that primarily faces posed of mechanical and capital equip­ those trained as Black behavioral scientists. ment, the American farming community John D. Rockefeller III said it best: This This is the cha.ll~n.ge facing millions of nation needs a second Revolution, in which Blacks, especially the educated tenth. As we is particularly concerned with the main­ humanistic values long deferred become the visualize our role, all that we have said this tenance of large-scale American exports elan vital of the body politic. Rampant in­ morning might be dismissed, if we only re­ of agricultural products to that country. flation, with unbridled unemployment, a.re member the prophetic message in Mari Ev­ The figures for 1976 American trade the bells which toll the irreconcilable con­ ans' "Speak the Truth to the People": flicts of a laissez-fa.ire capitalist society. with the ROC suggest the importance of With Lincoln's words ringing down through "Speak the truth to the people those exports. In that year the United the ages: "A nation divided cannot endure," Talk sense to the people States exported to the Republic of China the evils of racism, sexism and poverty Free them with reason $77.9 million worth of unmilled wheat, threaten the survival of our society. In re­ Free them with honesty $4.6 million in barley, $94.5 million in sponse to such festering problems, the Presi­ Free the people with love and courage and com, $5.9 million in infant cereal prepa­ dent has appointed a Commission to make a care for their being rations, $2.9 million in leguminous dried national inquiry into Mental Health. As a Spare them the fantasy psychologist and a physician interested in Fantasy enslaves vegetables, $19.5 million in unmanufac­ illness-personal and societal-let me urge A slave ls enslaved tured tobacco, $84.3 million in raw cot­ this Workshop's participants to beware the Can be enslaved by unwisdom ton, $148.4 million in soybeans, and $15.3 folly of probing symptoms only, and ignor­ Can be enslaved by black unwisdom million worth of other agricultural com­ ing the deep etiological factors which al­ Can be reenslaved while in flight from the modities-for a total of $473,724,000 in low-indeed, force-a sick society to spawn enemy 1976 alone. mental illness among its citizenry. Can be enslaved by his brother whom he loves These figures indicate a number of Our nation created the atomic bomb, and things. In the first place, they indicate now, while its scientists cringe in horror, its His brother whom he trusts political leaders amass without restraint His brother with the loud voice the viability of the Republic of China weapons capable of destroying all of human­ And the unwisdom as a major trading partner of the United ity and all living things, to leave its sky­ Speak the truth to the people States. Beyond that, however, they indi­ scrapers as sentinels resembling the pyra­ It ls not necessary to green the heart cate the concrete interest which the Only to identify the enemy mids of Egypt and the temples of the Incas. It is not necessary to blow the mind United States has in maintaining and NEW CHALLENGES FOR SELF-HELP Only to free the mind expanding its economic links with the We have recently organized the National To 1dent1fy the enemy ls to free the mind Republic of China. Unlike the PRC, the Conference of Presidents of 100 Largest Na­ A free mind has no need to scream Republic of China is a proven market, tional Black Organizations. In its April, 1977 A free mind is ready for other things which promises to absorb even greater conference these leaders representing mass Speak the truth to the people American exports in the years to come. organizational membership of 11.5 million Spare them the opium of devil-hate I believe very strongly, as my constitu­ Blacks accepted the full resoonsib111ty of be­ They need no trips on honky-chants ents do, that this market should be pro­ ing the vanguard of the Black struggle to Move them instead to a Black One-ness turn this nation around, if necessary. More­ A black strength which will defend its own tected and expanded, and that this Gov­ over, it adopted two self-help programs: (1) Needing no cacophony of screams for acti- ernment should think twice before tak­ Endorsement and sponsorship of the Na­ vation ing any step which would seriously en­ tional Black United Fund, presently or~a­ A black strength which attacks the laws danger our current trading relationship. nized in 14 cities, destined to reach the fifty Exposes the lies, disassembles the structure I will repeat-that America's trade with largest cities of the nation so that the Black And ravages the very foundation of evil the Republic of China in agricultural have's can lend aid and assistance to the Speak the truth to the people commodities, as with its trade in machin­ have-nots, in reconstituting their lives. (2) To identify the enemy is to free the mind ery and other heavy goods, has proven Pledged full support to the efforts to build Free the mind of the people here at Morehouse College the first Black Speak to the mind of the people itself beneficial to both parties, has medical college conceived ln the 2{)th cen­ Speak truth. helped both our general balance of pay­ tury, to serve mankind in the challenging -Mari Evans." ments situation and our farming com- 31012 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 munities, and must not be endangered ity education seem to head the list of Elliott H. Levitas (GA) or undermined in pursuit of a policy dreams priced beyond the means of Lucien N . Nedzi (Mich) with no proven economic, much less many middle-class Americans. Edwin B. Forsythe (NJ) moral, advantages. This is our responsi­ The Tuition Tax Relief Act here in John Buchanan (ALA) bility both to our own people, and to the House and the Tuition Tax Credit THE SENATE TulTION TAX CREDIT ACT OF 1977 those in the Republic of China with Act in the Senate both encourage these [Cosponsored by 43 senators] whom we have over the years developed people to help themselves-in a far more Bob Packwood (ORE) such a favorable relationship. meaningful way than money distributed Daniel Patrick Moynihan (NY) Richard Schweiker (PA) through Government doles. The cost of James B. Allen (ALA) the legislation is less than 1 percent of Wendell Anderson (MN) our national budget projections and Lloyd Bentsen (TX) PRAISE FOR SENATE INITIATIVE would be only 4 percent of what tax­ Howard Cannon (NEV) ON TUITION RELIEF payers presently spend each year for Carl T. Curtis (NEB) public education at local, State, and John Danforth (MO) HON. JAMES J. DELANEY Federal levels. Dennis DeConcini (Ariz) I was encouraged by the overwhelm­ Robert Dole (Kan) OF NEW YORK ing sentiment expressed by both the Pete V. Domenic! (NM) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES John A. Durkin (NH) House and the Senate a week ago in set­ Jake Garn (Utah) Monday, September 26, 1977 ting aside money for tuition tax relief Barry Goldwater (Ariz) Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I would through the second budget resolution. I Mike Gravel (Alaska) applaud my colleagues in the other Robert Griffin (Mich) like to take this opportunity to call the Clifford P. Hansen (WY) attention of my colleagues to a very sig­ Chamber for their unified effort today. And I call upon our Ways and Means Orrin G. Hatch (Utah) nificant event taking place in the Senate William Hathaway (Me) at this very moment. Some 43 Senators Committee to expedite hearings on this S. I. Hayakawa (CA) from both sides of the aisle and every important topic and report appropriate H. John Heinz (PA) section of the Nation are joining together legislation to the House floor as quickly Jesse Helms (NC) in a united effort to pass education tax as possible. Hubert Humphrey (MN) The list of cosponsors follows: J . Bennett Johnston (LA) credit legislation and provide relief for Paul Laxalt (Nev) our students and hard-pressed families THE HOUSE TuITION TAX RELIEF ACT OF 1977 Patrick Leahy (VT) caught by the spiralling cost of tuition [ Cosponsored by 60 Members] Richard Lugar (IND) expenses. I wholeheartedly endorse their James J. Delaney (NY) Charles Mathias (MD) effort and pledge to work closely with Edward P . Beard (RI) James McClure (ID) them to bring about this urgently needed Carlos J . Moorhead (CA) John Melcher (MT) reform in the Internal Revenue Code Norman E. D'Amours (NH) Gaylord Nelson (Wisc) J. Herbert Burke (FLA) James Pearson (Kan) during the 95th Congress. Leo C . Zeferetti (NY) Jennings Randolph (W. VA.) Senators PACKWOOD and MOYNIHAN, Robert W . Edgar (PA) Abra.ham Ribicoff (CT) the principal sponsors of the Tuition Tax James L. Oberstar, (MN) Harrison Schmitt (NM) Credit Act of 1977, tell me that 12 of the Jack Kemp (NY) John Sparkman (ALA) 18 members of the Senate Finance Com­ Donald J. Mitchell (NY) Ted Stevens (Alaska.) mittee have already sponsored their bill Romano L. Mazzoli (KY) Strom Thurmond (SC) and Chairman LoNG has made a commit­ Robert A. Young (MO) John Tower (TX) Newton I. Steers, Jr. (MD) Malcolm Wallop (WY) ment to hold Senate hearings in Janu­ Barbara. A. Mikulski (MD) Milton Young (ND) ary-hearings, to quote Senator MOYNI­ Hamilton Fish, Jr. (NY) Edward Zorinsky (Neb) HAN, which will be "wide-ranging, com­ Raymond F. Lederer (PA) prehensive, and thorough." Don Young (Alaska) The Tuition Tax Credit Act, going into Robert H. Mollohan (W. VA.) the Senate hopper today, provides a Thomas J . Downey (NY) WILLIAM R. HULL, JR. W. C. Dan Daniel (VA.) credit for a taxpayer's tuition expenses, David C. Treen (LA) those of his spouse, or of his depend­ John J. La.Falce (NY) HON·. B. F. SISK ents-the amount is 50 percent of tuition Henry J . Hyde ( ILL) payments up to a total of $50J per stu­ Clarence D. Long (MD) OF CALIFORNIA dent and is refundable if the credit is John Joseph Moakley (MA) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES greater than the tax liability. Robert J. Cornell (WIS) Friday, September 23, 1977 Mr. Speaker, you will recall that on Mario Biaggi (NY) Floyd J. Fithian (IND) Mr. SISK. Mr. Speaker, it is with a February 9 of this year I introduced Bob Traxler (Mich) distinct sense of sadness that I join my H.R. 3403, the Tuition Tax Relief Act of Richard L . Ottinger (NY) colleagues today in paying tribute to 1977. While not exactly identical to the James M. Hanley (NY) new Senate legislation, it is similar in Daniel K. Akaka. (Hawaii) our beloved former colleague Bill Hull. major respects and I foresee no difficul­ Robert J. Lagomarsino (CA) Bill and I came to Congress together ties in resolving differences between the John E. Fa.ry (ILL) in 1955 and my association with him two versions in Committee. H.R. 3403 John H. Rousselot (CA) for the next 20 years was a delight, both now enjoys the cosponsorship of 60 of Robert E. Badha.m (CA) socially and professionally. His infec­ James C. Cleveland (NH) tious good humor lightened the burdens my colleagues from both sides of the Robert K. Dornan (CA) aisle; numerous variations on this theme Joshua. Ellberg (PA) as we worked together on many com­ have been proposed by other House John M. Murphy (NY) plex issues. Members; and Senator SCHWEIKER, who Bruce F. Caputo (NY) Often called "the most conservative introduced a bill similar to H.R. 3403 on Barry M. Goldwater, Jr. (CA) of the northern Democrats," Bill, never­ March l, has cosponsored the new Tui­ Eldon D. Rudd (Ariz) theless, was a progressive thinker and Norman F. Lent (NY) possessed uncommon "horsesense." tion Tax Credit Act in the Senate. Gus Ya.tron (PA) The problems of skyrocketing tuition Dale E. Kildee (Mich) We were saddened when he retired in and reduced income for education are Toby Moffett (CT) 1974, and are even more saddened now affecting both parents supporting stu­ Thomas A. Luken (Ohio) as we realize his cheerful presence is dents and students educating themselves. Samuel S. Stratton (NY) forever gone. As Senator PACKWOOD is mentioning at Doug Walgren (PA) Reta and I extend our deepest sym­ his press conference today, Newsweek Fred B. Rooney (PA) Edward J. Markey (MA) pathies to his children and grandchil­ recently described the plight of these Matthew J. Rinaldo (NJ) dren and can only tell them that he "middle-class poor." who have watched Joseph D . Early (MA) was indeed an able and effective public income adjustments eat.en up by infla­ Richard M. Nolan (MN) servant in the eyes of his fellow tion and higher taxes. Homes and qual- James M. Jeffords (VT) Members. September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 81013 HEW STATEMENT ON HEALTH 8.3 percent. And if the costs keep careening Clearly, fee-for-service hospitals had room MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS out of control, it will reach 10 percent by to economize without undermining quality. 1980. And, we were so confident of HMOs' ability And the most astounding figure of all to to restrain costs that we exempted HMO­ HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL a man with my responsibilities is this: 12 operated hospitals from our proposal. cents of every Federal budget dollar is spent But HMOs also looked promising for more OF CALIFORNIA on health--0r, at least, in the name of reasons than efficiency. As I began meeting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES health. with the Advisory Committee on National Monday, September 26, 1977 I don't think we're getting our money's Heal th Insurance Issues and as I learned worth: That should be enough to do far more about other HEW health programs, it Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, recently better in building better health for the became evident to me that HMOs could play the Honorable Hale Champion, Under American people, and some changes are a major role in our evolving strategy to deal Secretary of Health, Education, and Wel­ clearly in order. with some other principal shortcomings in fare, addressed the Group Health Asso­ Some people think that the problems in the present health care systems. HMOs can ciation of America on the subject of Medicaid and Medicare are inevitable prod­ provide instructive lessons in three areas: ucts of government-financed programs. Not Access to the appropriate level of care; Health Maintenance Organizations. In so. The problems are the inevitable products Emphasis on preventive medicine; view of the ever-increasing costs of of putting programs under the care of people And the quality of care provided. health care, Mr. Champion's remarks who often didn't like their objectives and For those who don't already know better will, I am sure, be of interest to many of didn't work hard enough at making them than I, let me explain: my colleagues. succeed. A lot of repair work is overdue, and When the average consumer approaches Therefore, I insert Mr. Champion's we are hard at it even as we try to i:1an a the current health care system, that person remarks into the RECORD: more cohesive set of programs for the is faced with a bewildering array of pro­ future. viders and a complex set of decisions regard­ REMARKS BY HALE CHAMPION I think any careful examination of Fed­ ing treatment. That person needs assistance. I'm here for a lot of reasons. eral handling of HMOs in the last six years In the current situation, the consumer turns I have some old friends in this room-in­ will make my point about government pro­ himself over to his fMnily doctor, an intern­ cluding the man who made the invitation­ grams and the critical importance of the ist or a physician in a hospital out-patient Jeff Cohelan. right kind of leadership and direction about department, who makes choices for him. I've had a long time interest in HMOs. I as well as it can be made. There's no need to tell all of you how often was a. Kaiser member when I lived in Califor­ In 1971, President Nixon told you that by this results in appropriate care. nia., and that goes back 25 years. I was a di­ 1976 he wanted 1,700 HMOs with 40 million HMOs provide an attractive alternative. rector of the Harvard Community Health enrollees across the country. But what did The HMO member knows precisely where to Plan up to the day I was sworn in as Under he and his people do? They decide:! to treat go to receive the kind of care he needs. More­ secretary. HMOs as a demonstration program. They over, the provider has little, if any, financial Further, I happened to be in the neighbor­ turned around and marched down the hill incentive to promote unnecessary treatment. hood as Chairman of the National Health again. They wrote regulations that the most Entry into the system is fast, and simple, and Insurance Issues Advisory Committee. We're successful HMOs in the country couldn't the provider's motivation is to improve and looking around the country before advising qualify under, and they inhibited growth preserve health, not to encourage use of ex­ President Carter on the national health plan and development in a multitude of ways you cess and expensive services and facilities. he has pledged to submit to the Congress are all too familiar with. So today, when we In addition to appropriate access and early next year-and I think a lot of us have desperately need the capacity he called for, strong prevention. I believe that HMOs also been impressed by what we're learning about have a major organizational capability in the HMOs, their performance and their potential we have only 175 plans with 6.5 million mem­ bers. And you accomplisl:ed most of that provision of high quality care. I subscribe to roles. while the prior administration kept calling the belief that physicians who pra,ctice med­ And finally, strange as it may be for a Con­ icine in the company of other physicians vention speaker, I'm here because I also you a demonstration. Ridiculous. What is there left to demonstrate when over 25 almost always do a better job. Interaction have something substantial to say-and I among peers is a fundamental strength of wanted to say it directly to you. HMOs have been providing good quality care to four million enrollees for the last ten HMOs. Thus, physicians keep abreast of the Secretary Califano and I don't think you latest medical procedures and frequently are a demonstration project. We think you're years, and Kaiser and others have been going strong for over thirty years. How much more consult with one another on difficult cases for real, and we intend that you shall be just as in a good teaching hospital. treated that way. We think you are already proof does one need than the studies that already show HMOs' ability to provide qual­ In summary then, my view is that HMOs very important to the health and pocket­ offer significant promise both in terms of books of the people of his country and we ity care at five to thirty per cent less than quality and of cost, and that they can help want to make you even more important. the fee-for-service sector. us overcome several of the severe shortcom­ You're not perfect, but nobody is. Not us, We are through with this nonsense about ings of the present health care system. certainly, and certainly not the American demonstration. We are going to get about But, while the promise is great, and while Medical Association or the American Hospi­ the business of stimulating the development many HMOs have proved their worth, the tal Association. of more HMOs-and we're going to stay in HMO industry in general still has some dis­ I think you have often been ill-served by that business! tance to go. As I said earlier, I realize that the Department of which I am now Under I also want to share with you some of my part of your problem has been the Federal Secretary, and the Secretary and I have thoughts about why I think HMOs are so Government-and I'll speak to that again in agreed we are going to try to do a whole lot vital to any future design of a national a few moments. But since I just finished dis­ better by you in the future. health system and why I find it so disturb­ cussing what HMOs can do well, let me next ing that more HMOs weren't developed dur­ It may take us some time to turn matters offer some advice on how HMOs can help around, and I know your past experiences ing the past few years. themselves. may give you justified reason to be skeptical When Secretary Califano and I began at There can be no question that public con­ about the pace and character of change as HEW, we immediately were confronted with cern that HMOs might provide care of in­ we try to make up for lost time. But our the staggering inflation in health care costs ferior quality is the greatest threat to HMO interest is great and our commitment is and the prospect that our national ability to development. I think it is clear that the genuine-not to you as individuals, but to cope with domestic needs could easily be scandals here in California. with certain pre­ the enormous potential that the nature of crippled by these runaway expenses. With paid health plans which enrolled only Med­ your organizations offers as an approach to some firm guidance by President Carter we icaid patients did undeserved, but serious better, more comprehensive and less expen­ re3.1ized that unless we took strong action, damage to the credibility of true HMOs as sive health programs for all. the Federal Government ran the risk of using providers of quality care. They were not real We will not always agree, but I think we up all our health dollars in escalating costs, HMOs. They were sometimes motivated not may well agree more often with you than without obtaining any additional health as most of you are, but by the "fast buck" with any other group in the whole vast na­ benefits, notably in the preventive areas. and they were encouraged by officials who tional health industry. Our first step was to develop a hospital wanted only to cut costs without worrying And make no mistake about it-health is cost containment proposal. During our analy­ about quality of coverage. a big business, the third largest in the United sis, we found that HMOs offered a remark­ They demonstrated, however, that some States, behind only construction and ~gri­ able record of cost savings by reducing hos­ kinds of HMOs can provide an incentive to culture. pital admissions and lengths of stay. HMOs underserve, just as the fee-for-service sector The figures I have become familiar with helped give us a basis on which to make can offer clean incentives to overprescribe. in recent months are staggering. One of every some very critical decisions. For example, In the case of the California PHPS, profits twenty employed persons in the United we felt a lid of 9 or 10 percent increase on were pursued and quality of care often for­ States is in health activities. Last year, $139 hospital revenues was reasonable, even gen­ gotten. This is a situation which must not be billion was spent on health in this country. erous, in light of evidence that HMO mem­ forgotten. I'll talk about HEW's intentions to• In just 10 years, health has grown from bers had only half as many hospital days per do better, but we also need your help in po­ 5.9 percent of the Gross National Product to 1,000 as Blue Cross-Blue Shield members. licing against inferior HMOs. And I know 31014 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 tha.t all of you wlll continue to be vigilant the pa.ssage of the HMO Amendments of I would have voted "yea" on roll No. as well in maintaining the quality of your 1976 the regulations issued only partially 579, approving the Journal of Thursday, own medical services. implement the I.aw. In fa.ct, I'm damn un­ September 22. Another area where HMOs can do better is happy about it. in preventive medicine. The potential of We are going to accelerate the processing I would have voted "yea" on roll No. HMOs in this regard, which I discussed of the remaining HMO regulations. Secre­ 580 on final passage of H.R. 6796, the earlier ha.s not been fully realized. Many tary Califano has already instituted action ERDA Research and Development au­ HMOs 'ha.ve not been as aggressive a.s they on the regulations to implement common thorization. might. I think HMOs are in a st rong position HMO requirements in Medicare, Medicaid to play a lea.ding role in the effort to empha­ and the Public Health Service, and those I would have voted "yea" on roll No. size preventive as well a.s curative medicine, regulations will be finished this summer. 581 on the final passage of H.R. 3, the and I want to urge you to provide that In addition, we a.re beginning to look at how medicare-medicaid antifraud and abuse leadership. , state planning a.gencies should evaluate amendments. I have one la.st observation, and then I 11 HMO applications for certificate of need. I Also, I would have v.oted "yea" on roll . stop telling you how to do better and begin pledge speedy consideration. In fact, the de­ lays in your regulations are symptomatic of No. 582, final passage of H.R. 5383, Age discussing the changes we're going to make Discrimination in Employment Act to have the Federal Government do better. problems with the entire regulations devel­ I would also hope tha.t HMOs would take opment process in HEW. But we are cur­ amendments. a leadership role in the efforts to end medi­ rently changing that process and have now cine's unhealthy fascination with new tech­ speeded up all regulations writing. Unfor­ nology, especially expensive gadgetry of un­ tunately, we have a huge backlog to be dealt proven value, and to keep physician salary with, with many carrying statutory priority. THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST increases within appropriate limits. Even an Six: We recognize that HEW has not paid FOREIGN STEEL HMO can sometimes succumb to the lure of much attention to the enforcement of experimental new technology and expensive standards in the 31 federally qualified salary structures. HMO's or among those receiving federal HON. JOHN P. MURTHA As Now, as I said before, I realize full well grants or loans. This cannot continue. I OF PENNSYLVANIA mentioned earlier, all proponents of HMO's, that the performance of HEW's HMO pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gram has been anything but stella.r. In fact, including us, must be vigilant in the pro­ the Federal Government, with an announced tection of consumers from inferior HMO's. Monday, September 26, 1977 policy of stimulating the growth of HMOs, To risk failure is totally counterproductive has probably done more to dampen develop­ to the goal of HMO growth. It is ironic, but Mr. MURTHA, Mr. Speaker, the ment than a.nyone since the early days of true, that HMO's must meet a higher stand­ Johnstown works of United States Steel professional ostracism. Last year, Congress ard than many of those whose errors HMO's Corp. is helping to launch a nationwide passed amendments to improve the situa­ have done much to overcome. But so be it. effort to restrict the imPort of foreign tion. Now it's time for the Executive Branch Seventh and last: We are totally dissatis­ steel. to get itself together. fied that only one and one-half percent or under 700,000 of Medicare and Medicaid re­ With the Johnstown area already I want to outline for you the problem that stunned by July flooding, the impact of we think that we have inherited a.nd, a.t least cipients are enrolled in HMOs. We are going to consider ways to increase that percentage imports and other factors on the steel in a general way, the steps we have in mind. significantly. One: We understand that it is very diffi­ industry has struck a particularly hard cult to raise capital to start a.n HMO. As you Even that list is not a complete one. We blow. Along with a set of bwnper stickers know, the a.uthority for fea.sibility grants ex­ also need to explore better and more ade­ saying, "The threat is real from foreign quate funding, and zero-based budgeting is pires at the end of fiscal year 1978. We will going to give us a chance to do that by re­ steel," Mr. Fred Beiser, general super­ push to have that authority extended. And assessing our priorities, even at present de­ intendent of the Johnstown Works has we will encourage private investment when­ partmental spending levels. sent me an article from the plant's news­ ever possible by making it clear that Nm is As we embark on these efforts, we will con­ paper and one of the first letters sent by a.n opportunity for HMOs, not a threat. I sult you. But we hope and expect that you one of their employees to President think insurance companies ought especially will not wait to be called. Let us know on Carter. to be encouraged to move more a.ggressively your own initiative what works well and in HMO investment. what does not. I would like to enclose both items for Two: HEW has not been aggressive in de­ And, perhaps most importantly, let us to­ the information of the Members: termining where there ought to be HMOs, gether try to revive the confidence and en­ FLOODS CANNOT STOP Us: FOREIGN STEEL CAN seeking out groups in those area.s that have thusiasm of earlier years, to overcome the (By Fred R. Beiser) the potential to form HMOs, and then pro­ distrust and pessimism of the recent past­ To everyone who worked so hard to get Viding interested groups with technical as­ some of which seems to be carrying over into sistance. Rather the Depa.rtment has dealt the plant quickly back in operation, I can the present in Washington. only say: "A fine Job-you came through with applications as they a.rrtved and not All the good things won't happen right very enthusiastically even then. This is going beautifully!" away. The disarray and debris left behind We proved that floods can't stop us. Sure, to change. We are going to do everything we by people who didn't believe government can to stimulate HMO activity, including the they hurt, but we had it within our grasp to could help solve problems or speed progress make a quick recovery and we did! new interest of local governmental units will take some time to clear away. Attitudes such as Contra Costa County in this will have to change and so will aspirations. Now that we have "beaten" a devasting approach. But if we can rebuild mutual confidence in flood, it is time to turn everyones' attention Three: we recognize that in HEW the social progress with people like you, then to something more hazardous than any flood grant program and the office of qualification we'll begin to actually make some again. as far as our plant is concerned! have been hopelessly divided and that the One of the best places I know to start is in Dumping foreign steel into the United resulting lack of cooperation has led to health, and I can't think where we could find States by Japan and western Europe at less confusion and delay. We understand how better partners than in HMOs. than it costs to produce and sell in Japan important it is for a new HMO to have a. I've given you a lot to hold us to. Please and Europe is against existing Federal Anti smooth transition between the two offices. Dumping Laws. New organizational arrangements are being feel free to do it. Thank you. Foreign steel hurts our customers and discussed and changes will be made to in­ ourselves. sure greater cooperation between the two units. Each of us should insist that our govern­ Four: The qualifications office is receiving ment enforce Anti Dumping Laws. Get the an average of four applications a month and PERSONAL EXPLANATION message across to your congre~smen and can only process two. About fifty applica­ senators! Write them! Tell them that foreign tions are now pending. Furthermore, there steel is affecting your Job and our business! are not adequate criteria for determining HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI Write to your government representatives at the above addresses! Tell them that you're qualification. OF KENTUCKY Secretary Califano and I think this situa­ a U.S. Steel Corp. employee (or retiree) from tion is totally unacceptable, and I tell you IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Johnstown Works or Canton Plant. If you're now-that backlog is coming down. As a Monday, September 26, 1977 a union member, include your Loca.l's num­ first step, we have asked Dr. Milton Roemer ber and your name and address. Insist that of UCLA's School of Public Health to come Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, because of these elected officials enforce the Federal in to help us reform the process. previous commitments in my district, I Anti Dumping Law! Tell them that our na­ Five: I recognize full well how slow the was absent on September 23, 1977, and tion's economy and our Jobs depend on theTr Department has been in issuing regulations. missed four rollcall votes. Had I been immediate support of th1s la.w. Voice your I am not satisfied that nine months after present: opinion now! September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31015 SEPTEMBER 14, 1977. "Whereas, the proposed treaties between During last yea.r's election campaign, Arch­ DEAR JIMMY: I have never written to a the United States and the Republic of Pan­ bishop Bernardin and other top officers of President before because I always figured ama concerning the operation and use of the the hierarchy met with both presidential you were much too busy with bigger pro­ Panama Canal appropriately and at long last candidates to discuss abortion and other blems than any of my little ones. But this acknowledges the Republic of Panama's sov­ campaign issues. time I thought I better write from my ftood­ ereignty over its territory; provides for eco­ In their White HouS"e meeting this week, wrecked town and let you know a.bout the nomic incentives for the efficient operation at which Vice President Mondale also was plight of many jobless steelworkers. I wanted of the Canal; affirms the Canal's neutrality, pr,esent, the Catholic bishops registered con­ to write you sooner but we were too busy and commits the United States to protect cern for such issues as undocumented aliens, cleaning up from the flood; the time I was and defend the international waterway from unemployment and welfare reform, the arch­ going to write was a.bout two months a.go acts of aggression or any interference with bishop said. when you ma.de the statement that the gov­ the free exercise of our right to its use; ernment agencies should buy the cheapest "Whereas, the National Boa.rd of Directors [From the United States Catholic Confer­ steel, foreign or not. If we all did this our of the NAACP views the embodiment of these ence, Nov. 10, 1976) country would be in bad shape. I'm sending sound principles of international cooperation you a bumper sticker for your car and ask­ as a positive and important instrument of A STATEMENT ON U.S.-PANAMA RELATIONS ing you to reconsider your policy on foreign peace and goodwlll; The United States and the Republic of steel. "Whereas, opposition to the pacts is prem­ Pana.ma a.re presently engaged in negotia­ Thank you, ised on emotional ties to historical blunders tions about the future of the Pana.ma Canal. WALTER W. SHOSTEK. such as "the manifest destiny;' These negotiations have been in progress P.S.-If you need any more stickers for your "Whereas, the NAACP has been in the fore­ since 1964 and have been advanced signifi­ staff please let me know. Answer as soon as front of those who believe that colonialism cantly since the Statement of Principles for­ possible. has long been a threat to international peace, mulated by the two governments in 1974. to freedom and the liberty of people of color; The Administrative Board of the U.S. and, Catholic Conference issued a policy state­ ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH "Whereas, these treaties in no way threaten ment in February 1975 which affirmed SOCIAL JUSTICE ENDORSE PRO­ the security or interests of the United that: "It is a moral imperative-a matter of POSED CANAL TREATIES States; elemental social justice-that a new and "Be it therefore resolved, That the NAACP more just treaty be negotiated." (Panama.­ congratulate and commend President Jimmy U.S. Relations, 1975) We continue to be­ HON. RALPH H. METCALFE Carter for the culmination of fourteen years lieve that the moral imperative exists to of negotiation of these agreements, and that fashion a new treaty which respects the OF ILLINOIS the Board of Directors of the NAACP go on territorial integrity and sovereignty of Pan­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES record as urging the ratification of these ama, and dissolves the vestiges of a relation­ Monday, September 26, 1977 treaties, and urge our branches, chapters, ship which more closely resembles the units and members to write their senators colonial politics of the nineteenth century Mr. METCALFE. Mr. Speaker, two or­ recommending ratification." than the realities of an interdependent ganizations concerned with social justice world of sovereign and equal states. have given their endorsement to the pro­ (From the Washington Post, Sept. 16, 1977) Since 1975 there has been extensive de­ posed Panama Canal treaties. The en­ CATHOLIC BISHOPS TO SUPPORT 'TREATIES ON bate in the United States about the treaty dorsement of the treaties by the Board PANAMA CANAL negotiations. Issues of a :r,olitlcal, strategic (By Marjorie Hyer) and economic nature have been raised. In of Directors of the NAACP-National addition, the status of U.S. citizens living in Association for the Advancement of Col­ America's Roman Catholic bishops wm the Canal Zone ls a matter of concern for ored People-and the restatement of support the Pana.ma. Canal treaties and sub­ U.S. policy. Our purpose in this statement position of the National Conference of mit Senate testimony in their behalf "at an is to reaffirm our stance in favor of a new appropriate time," the head of th-e American treaty by specifying major issues which we Catholic Bishops by its president, Arch­ hierarchy told President Carter this week. bishop Joseph L. Bernardin, is based on believe should be in the forefront of the the belief that the treaties embody the Archbishop Joseph L. Bernardin, president public debate and policy decision-making best principles of the conduct of inter­ of the National Conference of Catholic Bish­ in the United States. ops, ma.de the pledge during a half-hour Speaking as bishops of the Catholic national relations. Both the Conference meeting with the President to discuss ques­ Church, our perspective on the treaty nego­ of Bishops and the NAACP have criti­ tions of human rights. tiations is set by a text from Pope John cized the present Canal treaty relation­ The archbishop said he had requested the XXIIl's Pacem In Terris. In his discussion ship with Panama because it does not al­ White House meeting because he had "re­ of relations between states, the Pope said: low the country of Panama to fully de­ ceived many questions on this subject from "Each of them, accordingly, ls vested with velop all of its natural resources. bishops in other countries" and anticipated the right to existence, to self-development In addition to the endorsement by further questioning at the worldwide Synod and the means fitting to its attainment, and these two major organizations, Mr. Ver­ of Bishops that opens in Rome later this to be the one primarily responsible for this non Jordan, executive director of the Na­ month. self-development." (para. 86) It ls the prin­ Churchmen in other countries, he said, ciple which is at stake in the treaty nego­ tional Urbrm League, has also indicated have expressed concern "a.bout how firm and tiations: the fundamental question is the his support for the agreements. In an ar­ lasting the preS"ent U.S. emphasis for human need to acknowledge in principle and in ticle which appeared September 17, 1977, rights wlll prove to be." fa.ct Panamanian sovereignty over its own in the Chicago Defender, Mr. Jordan He said he came away from the White territory. The terms of the 1903 Treaty ac­ said: House interview convinced of President Car­ knowledge the principle of Panamanian So the question becomes, how can we ar­ ter's "firm and sincere commitment" to hu­ sovereignty, but prevent its exercise in any range for the Panamanians to have a stake in man rights as a matter of national pollcy. form in the Canal Zone. Without rehearsing the Canal's operations and sovereignty over the history or the terms of the treaty, we Archbishop Bernardin, who was accompa­ simply would affirm that the moral, legal their own land while protecting our best nied by the Most Rev. Thomas c. Kelly, gen­ interests. and political realities of international life eral secretary of the Catholic hierarchy, said today render the 1903 Treaty an anach­ he volunteered Catholic support on the Pan­ ronism. I commend the views of the NAACP, ama. Canal treaties during the White House the National Conference of Catholic conversations. The terms of the Treaty make it impossible Bishops, and Mr. Vernon Jordan to my for Panama to be the primary agent of its colleagues. He pointed out that the bishops' conference own development, because it deprives the nearly a year ago adopted a policy statement nation of a substantial pa.rt of its territory, The articles follow: favoring a new treaty. "Once a policy is income and capacity for planning the integral NAACP URGES SENATE TO OK PANAMA TREATY adopted," he explained in a P.ress briefing, development of its people. Finally, by re­ NEW YoRK.-The NAACP commended "it is followed up." stricting sovereignty in this way, the present President Carter today for bringing to an end The churchman said he also commended relationship strikes directly at the national 14 years of negotiations on the Panama Canal the President on the administration's opposi­ dignity and sense of respect which any na­ and urged the Senate to ratify the treaty. tion to federal funding for abortion and reit­ tion needs for free and independent exist­ In a resolution adopted at its quarterly erated the Catholic Church's support for a ence. To quote Pope John again, "Nor must meeting on Monday, September 12, the constitutional amendment outlawing abor­ it be forgotten, in this connection, that NAACP National Board of Directors noted tions. peoples can be highly sensitive, and with that the proposed treaty "at long last ac­ The White House meeting of the two bish­ good reason, in matters touching their dig­ knowledges the Republic of Panama's incen­ ops was the first meeting of Presid-ent Carter nity and honor." (para. 89) tives over its territory. The full text of the with members of the hierarchy since he be­ Because the issue of sovereignty is so resolution follows: came President. closely tied to the freedom and self-deter- 31016 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 mination of a nation, it has become an issue Chiefs of Staff and U.S. Officers at the Cana.I Stuart Brown of the Pittsburgh Post­ of dignity and honor for the Panamanians. all endorse the Treaty. They know it means Gazette on compiling this excellent ar­ Given our political history, the world has a stability of the Canal's operations and that ticle on the Johnstown flood and its right to expect that Americans will be espe­ the agreement is the best defense against effect. cially sensitive to another nation's claims for sabotage because Panama will have a. major freedom, dignity and self-determination. economic stake in its operation. Even after The article follows: The implications of the sovereignty issue the Treaty ends, if our defense interests re­ THE JOHNSTOWN FLOOD OF 1977-PART V for Panama can be illustrated with two ex­ quired it, our armed forces would stm be Robert Rose, 53, a. lawyer, stood in the mud amples: First, as we indicated in our 1975 in a position to defend the Cana.I. that used to be the first floor of the David statement, the inability of Pana.ma to inte­ And it is incredible to hear people say Glosser Memorial Library in downtown grate the Canal and the territory comprising that the U.S. owns the Pana.ma. Cana.I Zone. Johnstown. the Canal Zone into its national planning We have rights there, but we don't own the "We lost 100,000 books, many of them rare has significant economic consequences rang­ place. The Canal Zone is not like other volumes that can never be replaced," says ing from urban congestion in Panama City to territories the U.S. purchased and owned Ro.se, who ls a. member and former president the amount of revenue which can be garnered forever thereafter. of the library board of directors. from operating the Canal. Second, through a Our control-not ownership-is based on The library was just dedicated in 1971. process of unilateral actions, the United a 1903 Treaty that was rammed down the Ironically, the old library is now the Johns­ States has developed in the Canal Zone a throats of the Panamanians during the hey­ town Flood Museum. very substantial m1litary presence which goes day of colonialism. By renegotiating that "We saved the top shelf of books," he says. far beyond the requirements for defending Treaty we put our presence there on a. legal Aided by three busloads of Penn State stu­ the Canal. The existence there of the U.S. and moral basis far superior to that now gov­ dents who came to Johnstown to help in the Southern Command implies a U.S. military erning our control. mopup operations, Rose was dry freezing the presence throughout La.tin America.. It is a Ratification of the Treaty is essential to salvaged books and packing them in boxes continuing political problem, casting reflec­ avoid bloodshed. I often wonder whether the to preserve them. Others were sponging tion on the independence of Panama, for its people so loudly opposed to the Treaty a.re microfilm to keep it wet so that this valuable government to be so closely tied, without wllllng to put their own lives on the line in part of the library's collection would not choice, to the military policy of the United fighting any war that might result from its era.ck. States in Latin America. Without a new rejection. Rose was one of those who talked with de­ treaty the Panamanians have no possib1lity It should not be so hard to understand the termination and confidence--not just hope-­ of addressing either of these issues. Pa.na.ma.nia.n feelings a.bout the Canal Zone. about the future. We support a new treaty, therefore, be­ How would we as Americans feel if a. foreign "This town will survive this flood and it cause we see it as a requirement of justice country controlled a. broad strip of land cut­ will be stronger because of it," says Rose. "I between our nations. As we consider this ting through the heart of our country? And was 12 in 1936. I remember the mud then. I larger question of justice, however, we wish how would we react if that control was based remember my grandmother shoveling mud. I also to express our pastoral concern and pub­ on a. colonial era. treaty forced upon us and remember the hardship. But most of all I lic support for a negotiated treaty which will if the foreign power refused to grant us sov­ remember how quickly they came back. protect the welfare of the people living and erlgnty over our own land and operating par­ "Yes, we were told we were flood free and working in the Canal Zone. We especially ticipation in a canal on our own territory? we believed it. No, I'm not angry. But I can understand those who a.re. If I had lost a call attention to the need for an agreement It's as if Great Britain had granted inde­ which will provide for the economic security loved one or if I had lost a business, I might pendence in 1776 while still holding on to a not be so charitable." of Americans presently employed in the big chunk of America. and refused to give it Canal Zone. This too ls a requirement of Perhaps it was !ate, perhaps Just cha.nee, up 200 years later. We'd be pretty hot about but even as Rose talked, one of the students justice which rests upon both the United that, and that's the way most Latin Ameri­ States and Panamanian governments. was hosing off laminated copies of old news­ cans feel today. papers which a.re part of the library collec­ The issues involved between our two coun­ The real question ls not whether we will tries are complex; thu.v are also emotionally tion. continue to control the Canal and the Zone She held up the April 6, 1936, edition of volatile. The need in both countries ls for in all aspects. We can forget a.bout that. If reasoned discussion, a sense of the other's the Johnstown Democrat. the Treaty is rejected by the Senate then t-he The headline read: "Greater City Rises point of view and a c,Jmmitment to a fair Canal may be closed down anyway by mili­ resolution which wlll Ia:·r the basis for a long­ From Ruins of Deluge." tary action or by sabotage, almost impossible For some reason, a.n employee of Lee Hos­ term relationship of respect and cooperation to stop. between our governments and our peoples. pital, on Ma.in Street in downtown Johns­ It ls to achieve these objectives that we com­ So the question becomes, how can we town, was up during the middle of the night mit ourselves to a. continued program of arrange for the Panamanians to have a. stake of July 19-20 at her home more than 40 public education and discussion in the in the Canal's operations and soverlgnty over miles away. She turned her radio on and United States. their own land while protecting our best heard reports of heavy rainfall in the Johns­ interests. town area. At her home there was no rain. [From the Chica.go Defender, Sept. 17, 1977] The answer to that is the Treaty. It ls fair, She ls the sort of person who wm rush to work unasked during a.n emergencr, but CANAL TREATY Is SOUND honorable and workable. It took 13 years to negotiate. Four Administrations have worked these reports didn't seem especially urgent, (By Vernon Jordan) for an agreement that supplants the dishon­ though they were unusual. The credlb1lity of American foreign policy orable 1903 Treaty, and all have started from She drove to work the next morning and and our position of enlightened world the assumption that Panama's rights have was astounded to find Main Street under le3,dershlp a.re a.t stake in the recently to be honored. several feet of water. The basement of the concluded Pana.ma. Canal Treaty. hospital was wiped out, and gone were gen­ So this is not a partisan issue. It would be erators, the cafeteria. and food preparation If the Senate fails to ratify the treaty, this irresponsible to endanger America's inter­ country will be in deep trouble. One possl­ area, surgical supplies and other equipment. national position and her relations with other She telephoned her husband to say she'd b111ty might be a. prolonged Vietnam-type countries for whom the Treaty is a key indi­ be coming home late, and he idly wondered guerrilla war in Panama. The Canal, always cator that our Nation is willing to deal with why the hospital was taking so much of her vulnerable to sabotage, could be closed. And power and weaker nations on a. basis of America's prestige among South American time these days. Later she would be driving a mutual interest and mutual respect. truck. and Third World countries would go down This week, in a. semi-darkened office at the the drain. hospital where most electrical power had not Despite this, the treaty has become one THE JOHNSTOWN FLOOD OF 1977- yet been restored, a. weary administrator, of those emotional issues tailor-made for PART V Richard Seifert, told a. visitor how nearly demagoguery. We're hearing wild charges 300 patients had been evacuated without that the Treaty ls a. "giveaway," that it en­ panic. dangers national security, and that it in­ HON. JOHN P. MURTHA Some had been waiting for surgery. Some volves territory we own. OF PENNSYLVANIA were recuperating. Though the electricity None of these charges hold water. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES had gone out in the middle of the night, Treaty ls no giveaway. It assures U.S. opera­ most of the patients were not aware of the tin~ control of the Cana.I and an American Monday, September 26, 1977 flood until they awoke in the morning and military presence there until the year 2000, looked out their windows, Seifert said. and we retain freedom of action to assure Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, the con­ The administrator was tired, bone tired, Canal's neutrality. It's a. sound agreement cluding part in this series on the Johns­ and though he and the visitor had not met that will mean continued access to the town flood concerns the future of the before it appeared some of the deep lines in waterway for all nations and continues town, and how some of the residents see Seifert's face must have emerged during the America's strong position there. the situtaion following the July devasta­ pa.st week. Rather than endangering national secu­ tion. As this series closes, I would again He said those patients who could be sent rity, the Treaty strengthens it. The Joint like to congratulate Dave Leherr and home were, and others were transferred to September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31.01.7 other hospitals. Most were carried down the DEAR CONGRESSWOMAN SCHROEDER: I noted record but, unfortunately, I was prevented stairs of tne six-floor building. And as Seifert in the Congressional Record of 20 Septem­ from presenting it personally due to a last spoke, the only unit of the hospital still func­ ber 1977 your submission of a letter to the minute legislative scheduling conflict which tioning was the emergency room, which had editor of the Denver Post regarding the strik­ required my presence on the floor of the administered 10,000 tetanus shots in addition ing Coors employees. Included in the letter House. to other chores. is a. discussion pertaining to mandatory sub­ Since my statement is on the record, I wlll Outside on Main Street dozens of volun­ mission on the part of employees to poly­ not take much of your time. I did want to teers were shoveling mud and gathering graph tests, if requested by the employer. I make you fully aware of my deep, personal debris a.way from the hospital. They included believe my experience with polygraph tests interest 1n this matter by my appearance hard-working Mennonites from far away, is extremely germain to just this issue. before you this morning, however, and I Penn State University student volunteers During my leaner years as a. returning would also like to rel tera.te and emphasize and Seifert's teen-age girl. student, I sought a job with a Denver firm the major points of my statement, which as Seifert was asked when he thought Lee operating an armoured car service. Unfor­ you will recall dealt primarily with flaws in Hospital, with its 321 beds, might again begin tunately I don't remember the name of the the Meat Import Act of 1964. (A copy of my admitting patients. He said around Aug. 7 firm er of that administering the required statement ls attached for your ready refer­ or 8 they might be able to "phase them in." polygraph tests, but it should be easy to de­ ence.) But nothing was certain in this mess, he termine since there can't be too many of Although I identified fourteen more-or­ conceded. either in Denver. In any event, I was subse­ less distinct problems with the '64 Act, they "Our electrical power is down to nothing," quently advised by the armoured car firm can be summarized basically as errors of con­ Seifert said as, nearby, staff members sat that they could not hire me. In response to cept, omission, and administration. near windows straining their eyes to write. my query of why not, I was further ad­ First, the concept of an import quota "Three emergency generators we had lasted vised that it was simply due to the fa.ct I which increases as domestic production does us an hour. Then they were wiped out and failed the polygraph test. Needless to say, I is faulty in that it ignores the cyclical nature the night could have been a night of terror was deeply disturbed and imposed upon the of the industry. Second, omitting live in this place. firm to give me a second test. animals, meat of certain livestock, and proc­ "But our people were beautiful. They I failed the second test as well, but I was essed meats of all kinds ignores the inter­ moved. They kept things calm. The patients able to get the tester to show me the re­ related nature of these products with those were disturbed as little as possible. We had sults, even though it was contrary to his subject to the quota. and invites circum­ 276 of them, and they moved out 97 the first firm's policy. Thus, I personally confirmed, vention. Third, the inadequate protection day, 103 the second day and the rest on the and it was obvious, that according to the afforded in light of the errors of concept and third day. Remember, some of these people graph I did indeed clearly lie on two occa­ omission inherent in the '64 Act is further were so sick it took 10 people to carry them sions: 1) when asked if I had ever been diminished by the manner in which the law downstairs, and I don't have to tell you what jailed, I answered no; and 2) when asked if has been administered. it was like outside." I had ever stolen anything with a. value of Mr. Chairman, I believe these issues can Seifert was asked a·bout the spirit of $150.00, to which I again answered no. and should be addressed in the context of Johnstown, about whether it would come Since my life is extremely easy to docu­ amendments to the 1964 Meat Import Act. back. ment, I can easily show I have never been I also believe and urge that all imported "I see a community coming back stronger jailed, albeit it is virtually impossible to meat products should be subject to health than before," he said, "but it's up to the confirm that I have never stolen anything and sanitation requirements which are eq,ual people-their attitudes and their industry." over $150.00. In any event, my failing the to those placed upon domestic production Then, apparently not satisfied with his tests must be attributable to my recognition and, finally, that imported meat products answer, he got up and walked slowly to a of the importance of the two above noted should be identified as such to the ultimate table. A framed picture was lying face up. questions and, perhaps, the anxiety brought consumer. Seifert picked it up and held it out for the about by my need for employment and in­ Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ visitor to see: The face of a. bearded man. come. I have been concerned over polygraph mission, you can be certain these issues will The plaque said "Dr. J. K. Lee." use since then, fearinf! that as a matter of continue to have my attention as long as "John K. Lee," said Lee Hospital's admin­ expediency or frustration on the part of the courts, they will begin to accept polygraph the dire financial condition of the livestock istrator. "His widow died in 1916 and left the industry prevails. As you can apnreciate, money that helped us to become this beauti­ results as admissable evidence or that, as in the Coors case, refusal to take such a test however. in an urban dominated Con~ress ful hospital. We came through World War I the efforts of rural members like myself and and construction wasn't finished on our pres­ will be taken as a measure of guilt. Accordingly, based on my own personal ex­ the others who a.pnear before you today will ent building until 1928. Then we had the perience, I firmly believe the use of poly­ continue to be futile unless we have the floods of 1936 and World War II and now ... understanding, concern, and support of of­ this. graphs should be against the law, unless specifically offered, under no suggestion or ficials such as yourselves. "Dr. Lee died on May 31, 1889. He was a duress, by the individual concerned. With that thoue-ht in mind, I thank you victim of Johnstown's Great Flood. So when for your consideration. you ask me, wm we make it back. I lor>k at this bearded man and this hospital and that muck outside and tell you this: MEAT IMPORT HEARINGS "It's only the game fish who can swim IN PLACE IN IRVING upstream, and I think the people here are tough enough to take this-and survive." HON. JAMES ABDNOR OF SOUTH DAKOTA HON. DALE MILFORD IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TEXAS 1984 AT COORS: POLYGRAPHS Monday, September 26, 1977 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ON DEMAND II Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, last week Monday, September 26, 1977 the International Trade Commission Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, I would HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER completed a series of hearings on the im­ like to share with you a story that was OF COLORADO pact of meat imports on domestic published in the Sunday magazine of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prices-a series which began last June Dallas Morning-News about one of my Monday, September 26, 1977 in Rapid City, S. Dak. Some 230 South good friends in Irving, Tex. First, I think Dakotans and meat producers from other you should know that Irving is a suave, Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Soeaker, on Midwestern States attending this final sophisticated city a.nd rather conserva­ September 20, 1977, ait page 30039. I in­ hearing in Washington at which I pre­ ~ive in outlook. In many ways, this city serted a .letter to the editor of the Denver sented the following statement: of 118,000 people is the typical "suburbia" Post from a striking Coo1rs brewery THE HONORABLE JAMES A.BDNOR BEFORE THE often stereotyped in TV shows. worker in which he explained that a cen­ U.S. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION Recently, Jackie Townsell, who is both tral issue in the strike was that the Coors WITH REGARD TO LIVESTOCK AND MEAT female and black, defeated a white male m~nagement insisted on the right to re­ IMPORTS realtor to win a seat on the Irving City qmre employees to submit to polygraph Mr. Chairman and members of the Com­ Council. I think it is an interesting story. tests upon demand, and that refusal to mission, I am pleased to finally have this Politics is not Jackie's only claim to take such a test would be grounds for opportunity to appear before you to express fame-she cooks some of the best food dismissal. my views on the issue of livestock and meat in the district. Both my staff and I enjoy imports. As you may recall, I had intended . The RECOR1l insert elicited the follow­ to appear at your initial hearing in June held eating at Jackie's grocerv-cafe where ~ng letter which, I believe speaks for you can always find the best black-eyed 1~eli: ' in Rapid City, which ls in my Congressional district. My statement was placed on the peas around. 310L8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 Mr. Speaker, I include this article scenes grassroots political organizer, J'lckie entire city, all of Irving, not just West Irving. written by Mike Granberry in the REc- started stuffing hearty meals into the stom­ I have no hangups about black or white, rich ORD: achs of hungry callers five years ago. Food or poor. I serve all. All elected me." IN PLACE IN IRVING became the ultimate unifying force, luring Race is a moot point in Jackie's store. (By Mike Granberry) eaters of all ethnic origins. "Me and Jimmy Whites and blacks trade tidbits of gossip be­ used to live here," she says, pointing to the tween bites and swallows. A white council The stringy-haired, buck-toothed teaser back door where the bedroom used to be. member walks in, waves to Jackie and takes limps in with a grin, plops down to a hot "I'd be cookin' and people'd want some. I a. chair. An old black peddler, wearing a red plate of meat loaf and cabbage and expresses figured I'd better make 'em pay for it." cap and poking the floor with an oak cane, unequivocal, unabashed displeasure. Which is ca.use for a good-n1tured la.ugh. sits down beside him. "How ya been?" the With a smile as big as Dallas and a falsetto And another. Looking "lean and mean" in men say. that would fill Gomer Pyle with pride, he summer blouse and blue jeans, Jackie ap­ "The Sixties opened a lot of eyes," Jackie declares, "All I need me is some YEW -TIN­ pears much younger than 41, the mother of says. "On both sides, b:ack and white. Blacks SILLS!" a man of 26. A fan of her own cooking, she were as prejudiced a.s whites. But people's First one laugh, then another. In moments, minds have mellowed. Who you a.re is more · everyone in Jackie Townsell's Irving, Texas, is one of those rare individuals who can stom1ch great quantities of food and at the important than what color you are. grocery-care is laughing like a seasoned idiot. ''Martin Luther King was a hero of mine, Epidemic laughter, Jackie leading. Guffaws, same time struggle to keep her weight up. Infuriating, those people are. But Jackie and my other heroes were Mother and a running rampant. white woman I used to work !or. Both taught Welcome to the House of Good Feeling. more than makes up for it. Good feeling Soon, the country-talkin' cane-poker is comes as naturally to her as a giggle or a me to cook, and Martin Luther King is re­ fitted with knife and fork and is gobbling grin. Opportunity is a constant companion. sponsible for improving race relations, al­ cream corn and slurping strawberry Ko.:>1- The luckiest of accidents appear to happen most totally responsible. Martin Luther King Aid from a Mason jar as if hi;; last meal had to her a.s often as the grocery door swings taught me and a lot of other people how to been set before him. "Jackie," he drawls, open, as often as she smiles, take another love." corn dripping out the side of his mouth, bite or greets a newcomer. Politics and food have a way of infecting "I'd vote for yew inny-time !" Truly blessed by chance-"! have had a Jackie in the way that she infects others. "Thank you," she replies. And laughs and good life," she says-Jackie is equally en­ Delightfully, with an innocence that seems laughs.... dowed with a gift for gab. Storytell1ng is as to promise everyone no harm. "You've got to The noon rush over, Jackie herself settles much a. part of the store scene as political love politics," she says. "I certainly didn't down to a jar of Kool-Aid and an hour of theorizing. Jackie is a la.ugh-along ring­ get into it for the money (for council mem­ quiet conversation. Only a few latecomers leader whose laugh is almost always the last. bers, $100 a month). Prestige may be in­ remain, munching diligently in the corner. And for whom votes, when the time ca.me, volved, but it's more the prestige of the peo­ "I'm the only woman on the Irving City were as naturally easy to come by as belches ple th·at I ca.re about. Council," Jackie declares, "and that is no of satisfaction. "I've always been a Democrat, though. I've problem for me. I speak out and say what The time was April, when Jackie defeated always read the paper. I've always been ob­ I want and handle myself in the most busi­ two challengers for a city council post. White sessed with politics. Little sister (Jackie is nesslike manner possible. Men understand realtor Jack Spurlock finished second; re­ the eldest of three daughters) always read that, you know." tired Navy man Johnny Watson, third. Wat­ the funnies." She la.ughs, turns serious, shift­ The men in the corner could be a trio son visited the store, offering congratula­ ing again her train of thought. of extras taking leave from "Straw Dogs." Or tions. Spurlock was never heard from. "You know what we need to do? We here characters from the pages of a D. H. Lawrence "You wanna know how all of this started?" in Irving? We need to stop building and start novel. The men are mechanics, and they are she says now, turning a capped hot sauce repairing. We're building too many new, un­ greasy. They even joke about the odor they bottle upside down and watching its contents necessary roads. We need to repair, then carry. flow thickly to the top. "We used to sit build." Hearing Jackie's remark, the curly-haired around and talk a.bout things-that's how it Roads a.re among Jackie's earliest memo­ man rises, holds his cornbread high in the all got started. We'd talk about this amend­ ries. Her Bear Creek ties run deep, beyond air in mock salute and cries out, Amen, ment, that resolution-the world or the local her West Dallas birthplace, from which she brother! Ahhhhhh-Men !" situation in general. We'd discuss and cuss, moved at the age of eleven to a hollow ham­ Jackie laughs. agree, disagree, hash it out just to pass the let "where the roads were dirt and stumps To a politician like Jackie Townsell, such time. were all over. We'd slosh home in the mud, endorsements are often worth free meals. "I can't remember first being really con­ couldn't drive to save ourselves and had to But everyone pays at Jackie's place, and cerned long about 1968. But that wasn't the hike to school. I met Jimmy a.bout then-we everyone gets their money's worth; all-you­ time for a black woman to run for office in were just kids." She laughs. "He was seven­ can-eat, $2.50. And almost no one walks into Irving, Texas. Gradually, I got better and bet­ teen, I was fifteen." Laughs again. "I knew or away from Townsell's Grocery without ter feelings about running. Knowing when to I couldn't help fa.llin' in love. feeling embraced. run-why, people just made me feel it. Made "You know, Jimmy's boyhood dream was The air in there is certainly warmer than me feel like I ought to. to build a store. He was raised to Terrell. His it is in anyone's political headquarters. Be­ "My white friends gave me the go-ahead to parents were sharecroppers, and he used to sides Jackie's omnipresent laughter and run. They asked that I put together a resume, walk to a store that a white man owned. home cooking, a two-tone cat curls up in list everything that I'd done in the last five That man was a hero of Jimmy's. He used to the corner and naps for a solid hour. Dust years." She laughs. "They were shocked and give him candy and stuff. Jimmy always gathers on the Hershey bars as if, by God, impressed. It was so long." La.ughs again. wanted a store just like his. He talked about it belonged there. Two boys, one black, one "One thing leads to another--don't you it the whole time we were courtin'. white, wearing boxer shorts, wrestle over a know? Dr Pepper bottle that is half as big as they "When we got it ..." She's laughing now." are. "I feel delighted to be elected," she says, ... it wasn't anything like he thought it mentioning that she had lost a council seat would be. He didn't last long. So who's kept Jackie's mother, Mrs. Ola Howard, who by 225 votes in a runoff three years a.go. Long along with Mrs. Ruby Collins cooks most of the store? Me, that's who." the vittles, takes swipes at three flies trying active in civic affairs, Jackie preceded her But nowadays, Jimmy works a full day at to kamikaze their way into the meat bin. council bid by serving as precinct chairman, Dresser Industries, then comes home to mind a post she resigned to run her April cam­ the store while Jackie attends meetings, civic Follow the sloping ceiling and rutted floor paign. of Jackie's general store all the way to the functions or political rallies. "He's a good "To know the kind of people we have man," she says. "You oughta see him play characters hunched in primitive chairs in here-progressive, proud people-makes me the back corner. Past the Tide, Wonder jacks with the kids in here, always sayln', feel pride. I'm happy just being associated 'Mistuh Jimmy, would you play us some Bread and Hostess Twinkles. Even past the with them. I have so many friends, I'm filled Lifebuoy. Way past the Lifebuoy. Quick to jacks?' Whooooee! He'd kill me if he knew up with tears just thinkin' about 'em ... I'd told that!" admit that Jackie is an Irving folk hero, "You know," she continues, "I don't know these pot-bellied boys are even quicker to what a person would do without friends. A Playing jacks, checkers, tuning in jazz, confirm that they'll be b!lck, again and again. friend is someone I talk to whenever I'm low. rock, even country blues-these are the Politicized fork-movers have always fre­ Someone I call up whenever I want. Someone lighter aspects of Jackie Townsell's lighter quented Townsell's Grocery, but lately more who's always there. Friends mean love to me, side. "I enjoy being a.lone at night, coming and more have been stopping in, having no matter what color they are. back from a meeting or a talk. I can think heard of or read a.bout Jackie and wanting "See, I see myself as a voice, a voice of au then. a piece of the action. Like a piece of pea.ch the people. I want to listen to the needs of "And, no, I don't enjoy campaigning. I cobbler, served up after cornbread and meat those less fortunate than me, though I re­ hate it. Bea.tin' on doors, runnin' here, run­ loaf and strawberry Kool-Aid. sent 'black spokesman• tags. I'm not a nin' there-it'll wear you out. Some of my Jackie Townsell's pooula.rity base began spokesman anyway. I'm a spokesperson." She friends said, 'Jackie, you're crazy! We building seventeen year ago, she suspects, laughs. wouldn't do that !or nothin' 1' when she and husband Jimmy first opened "Underst;anding means a lot or things, and "I never, as a big girl or a little girl, a grocery store in the muddy Bear Creek I want to be all of the things to all of the thought I could be a politician. I didn't even community of West Irving. A behind-the- people all of the time. Seriously, I'm for the know what a politician was. I always wanted September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31019 to be a secretary. Ta.kin' messages, typin'­ 5. Don't let your Public Relations firm or knowledgeable a.bout nutrition and the nutri­ tha.t's still a. dream of mine. Advertising Agency dictate to you the best tional quality of the food they a.re buying. "Am I serious? Of courre. And I will never, approach to reach consumers-talk to con­ Last week in Washington I attended a. Con­ ever run !or higher office. By the time this is sumers themselves-let the PR firm then ference on Nutrition and the American Food over, I'll be old and gray ..." take the lead from you. System, which was sponsored by Family And Jackie Townsell la.ughs a.gain, at her­ 6. Keep in close touch with what's hap­ Circle magazine, Food Marketing Institute self, with you, a. warm sound that sticks to pening in Washington, in State a.nd Local & Community Nutrition Institute. Govern­ the ribs of your mind through the a.fter- Government, as well as in your own com­ ment, industry and consumers spent two days 1unch afternoon. munities. discussing this most important subject of 7. I! you move aggressively and initiate a. nutrition which is now becoming a. national program be sure you then communicate the priority. story effectively. Senator Robert Dole in his keynote address CONSUMERISM-WHAT'S AHEAD 8. Personal contact with our key communi­ to this Conference said, "I am convinced that cators is essential today. If you a.re proud of agriculture and nutrition must be brought what you a.re doing, tell your story. The con­ into closer coordination." As more a.nd more HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND sumer is interested in what's happening Americans are a.ware of the link between today. O'F NEV' YORK what they eat and how healthy they a.re, Business executives often say that many nutrition is likely to be the central consid­ IN THE HOUSE OF F..EPRESENTATIVES consumer demands a.re not possible. Con­ eration in all our food policies. Sena.tor Dole Monday, September 26, 1977 sumers have pointed out very clearly that predicted that as the food buying ha.bits of they a.re willing, however, to pa.y more for the American people change, the production Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, it is better products-if the quality is real, the habits of the American farmer will change. ironic that as a nation which prides it­ price difference not excessive a.nd they a.re fully a.ware of the improvements that have This could bring about a.n entirely dif­ self on the preeminence of its agricul­ ferent scene a.t the supermarket. tural system and the high quality of its been ma.de. BACK TO THE BASICS Congressman Fred Richmond, Chairman of food supply and which refers to itself as the House Agriculture Committee's Domestic the "best fed nation in the world" we are There ha.s been a. tremendous return to Marketing Consumer Relations & Nutrition literally eating ourselves to death. Recent the basics today in American Society a.nd a. Subcommittee, stated a.t this same Confer­ scientific studies show that at least six great new awareness of nutrition a.sit relates ence that this Subcommittee is undertaking to our health. a thorough five-part investigation in the Fall major diseases are directly related to a We've seen a.n increase in home gardens, a. fats of the role of the federal government in nutri­ diet that is overly rich in and massive return to home canning a.nd freez­ tion education. calories. Faced with dire warnings about ing, a.n upsurge in the number of people pre­ their health and barraged with seductive paring meals from scratch rather than de­ Consumers, food industry representatives, advertisements for nonnutritional foods, pending on convenience foods a.nd a. tre­ health and education professionals, public mendous need for more nutritional informa­ interest a.nd private groups, a.nd media ex­ American consumers are demanding ac­ perts wlll a.11 be called to discuss their ac­ curate information about the food they tion. tivities a.nd advise on how the federal govern­ are eating and its relation to their health FOOD AS IT RELATES TO HEALTH ment can play a more effective role in nutri­ The old adage, "You Are What You Ea.t", tion education. and well-being. is rather evident in a recent U.S. Department One voice which is speaking out for the of Agriculture survey which shows that there At the conclusion of these hearings a consumer is that of Ms. Nancy Steorts, a are a. large number of people who want to report will be prepared and legislation will respected and influential official at USDA change what they a.re. be introduced to insure that the federal during the former administration. On The study shows that there is a large government will play a.n active and lea.ding the eve of our investigation into the role number of people who a.re worried a.bout role in determining national nutrition of the Federal Government in nutrition dealing with or preventing health problems. policy. education, I would like, as chairman of Almost two-thirds of the 1,400 people inter­ A White House task force is currently the Domestic Marketing, Consumer Re­ viewed said that they, or someone in their preparing a. report on the status of nutri­ household, suffered from some type of ail­ tion research and it has been learned that lations, and Nutrition Subcommittee to ment. High blood pressure, allergies a.nd over­ include in the RECORD a very impor~nt the President wlll personally determine weight were mentioned most frequently. (In which issues should be given immediate speech recently delivered by Ms. Steorts fa.ct, according to the AMA, about one in five a.nd long-term attention. before the American Chemical Society. Americans is overweight.) About 60 percent of those with a health problem said they No one a.lone can determine national nu­ CONSUMERISM-WHAT'S AHEAD trition policies. It must be a. Joint effort. The consumer movement is a. major social, had changed their diet. Both groups appear to be cutting down on Congressman Richmond stated that Con­ economic and political force in this country gress must a.Hocate more funds for nutrition today and is a vital force to be contended items high in saturated fa.ts a.nd oils, replac­ with in the yea.rs a.head. ing them with other products. research, foster inter-agency coordination, In' a. recent study, "Consumerism at the They a.re substituting fa.tty red meats with disseminate more sophisticated consumer Crossroads", which was commissioned by fish, poultry and lean red meats. Other information materials by the government, Sentry Insurance in cooperation with Louis changes listed include drinking more low fat consolidate all federal efforts, demand the Harris Associates and the Marketing Science milk, ea.ting more cheese wnd using more mar­ government take a position on labeling and garine instead of butter. consumer oriented grading programs and Institute of Harvard University, it was Many households a.re also looking for spe­ pointed out that the consumer movement is establish federal policy and standards on here to stay-and in fa.ct is growing stronger cial information on the labels of food and beverage products to check for the number food advertising. every year. According to this survey, con­ We are in a. new era today-an era. of good sumers still feel they a.re not being treated of calories, the a.mount of fat, or the presence fairly in the market place and believe that of sugar. Other types of special information food !or good health. As scientists in re­ the quality of goods and services has depre­ they a.re looking for include vitamins, min­ search we need your help. ciated over the la.st ten ye.1.ra. erals and the a.mount of carbohydrates. We must have nutrition education today. The study points out very clearly that the Rather than eating sweets, snacks a.nd fried It is a national priority. It must be avail­ busim,as community ls eha.rply out of :step foods, changing dieters are turning more to able when consumers need it. It must have with the American people on consumer Is­ fresh fruits a.nd vegetables. They a.re ea.ting high v1sib1lity-in advertising-at the gro­ sues. It ls predicted that 1! this attitude more salad vegetables, especially green pep­ pers, raw broccoli, cauliflower, spinach and cery store-in the welfare office and doesn't change business can expect to be con­ throughout the media.. Consumers need to tinua.Uy attacked by both consumer activists mushrooms. As scientists involved in the development have the facts a.bout the FOOD they are and elected representatives which wlll more buying. You ca.n help. Through your re­ than likely result in more regulations. of new foods you have a great challenge ahead. Additives, coloring, fortification, pre­ search activities you can tell us more about HOW CAN BUSINESS START TO CHANGE ITS IMAGE? servatives are all going to be questioned very the food we a.re ea.ting. Help us develop new 1. See the consumer once again as the Cus­ severely by consumers. What will the effects guidelines for quality foods. tomer. of these be to the consumer's health? Con­ A concentrated effort is needed. Govern­ 2. Work with and not against consumers sumers want the facts-not advertising fluff. and the issues that are important to them. ment officials, industry executives, nutri­ 3. Find out what the needs of today's con­ The era. of the "twinkle" is quickly com­ tionists, health officials and consumers need sumer are. They are changing constantly. ing to an end. to work together to define the goals and 4. Work with professional consumer repre­ NUTRITION-A NATIONAL PRIORITY direction of future nutrition policy. By sentatives-invite responsible consumer lead­ Consumers are looking to government and working together we should be able to de­ ers into the board room !or advice. industry today to help them become more vise an effective nutrition policy. 31.020 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 CITIZEN RATE BOOBY TRAP? PROBLEMS WITH A VITAL ENERGY The reasons for the change, the manufac­ OPTION turers sa.y, are regulations that stretch out the delivery time for nuclear plants to more HON. JAMES ABDNOR than 10 yea.rs and thereby multiply infl.a.tion­ a.ry costs, decreased demand for electricity as OF SOUTH DAKOTA HON. MELVIN PRICE OF ILLINOIS a. result of the recent recession a.nd higher IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prices, continuing resistance .by strong en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vironmentalist groups a.nd wha.t is perceived Monday, September 26, 1977 Monday, September 26, 1977 a.s a.n active anti-nuclear bias within the Carter Administration. Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, we have Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, newspapers During the current slump, the four manu­ been hearing a good deal from the U.S. too infrequently carry truly accurate facturers of nuclear plants-the Westing­ Postal Service and the administration and clearly focused reports of events and house Electric Corporation, the General Elec­ concerning one of their solutions for ris­ situations-even those of first-rank im­ tric Company, Combustion Engineering and ing postage rates-the so-called citizen portance from the standpoint of the na­ the Babcock & Wilcox Company-are ma.na.g­ rate. ing to operate their nuclear reactor divisions tional interest. through an industrywide backlog, based on That not all citizens are being deceived On the first page of the New York old orders, and estimated at a.bout $15 billion by contrivance is illustrated in this very Times on September 21, I read an article to $20 billion by industry sources. The size perceptive editorial of publisher Wendell by John Vinocur that I believe merits of the backlog is described a.s deceptively Long in the Bennett County Booster II high marks for its truth content and large because of the possibility of cancella­ at Martin, S. Dak. well-focalized presentation. It describes tions and the lack of any new business. DoN'T BE DECEIVED a serious situation that could have dis­ SALES ABROAD SEEM THREATENED The 13 cent-16 cent first class letter rates astrous implications for our plans for Westinghouse and General Electric ha.ve proposed by President Carter ha.s been ap­ solving our national energy problem. I not had a.ny new orders since 1975 and over­ proved by the U. S. Postal Service Board of hope it is read by lawyers-and particu­ seas sales, once a major hope for develop­ Governors, according to "Federal Times." larly by officials of the Nuclear Regula­ ment, now seem threatened by Administra­ The pla.n now goes to the Postal Ra.te tory Commission and executive branch tion export controls a.nd local anti-nuclear Commission a.nd, if approved, the new rates sentiment of an intensity so far unknown in agencies-who, at this very moment, are the United States. will become effective next Ma.y. The PRC gets concentrating Federal brainpower on the up to 10 months for bee.rings. "The technical p·eople a.re very disillusioned need to formulate considerable improve­ with the business a.nd a.re beginning to look The Proposal is for first class business ments in the overall nuclear regulatory outside," Mr. Winterson said. "How could you letters to rise three cents to 16 cents. And process. The likelihood of reversing, or blame an engineer for thinking, 'I've got a. there would be a. new "citizen ra.te" tha.t family to support. Maybe I ought to go to would sta.y a.t 13 cents per letter as a.t continuing, the present decline in the prospects for assuring availabiilty of nu­ a.erospa.ce.' There's nothing really optimistic present. Other classes of mail would increase. to hold him be.ck with. In a sense, it could We wonder wha.t the ghost of Ben Frank­ clear power to help meet our energy mea.n dismantling a generation of advanced lin somewhere up there thinks of wha.t ha.s needs will depend to a large extent on technology." happened to his United States post office such improvements. On a. national sea.le, the nuclear reactor idea, a.n idea. tha.t enables individuals to I place Mr. Vinocur's article in the builders employ directly a.bout 30,000 people, communicate with one another a.t a. rea.­ RECORD, and commend him for his com­ with Westinghouse centering its operations sona.ble cost, an idea. essential to a. free so­ prehension and unvarnished account of in the Pittsburgh area., General Electric in ciety, and idea tha.t ga.ve us the glue to keep an alarming situation: Sa.n Jose, Calif., Babcock & Wilcox at Lynch­ our society together. burg, Va.., and Barberton, Ohio, a.nd Combus­ We think tha.t U.S. citlzens should not be (From the New York Times, Sept. 21, tion Engineering a.t Windsor, Conn. deceived by this big break the postal service 1977) Sa.m W. Shelby, marketing general mana­ intends to give us. OUTLOOK HELD BLEAK FOR MANUFACTURERS OF ger for Westinghouse's water reactor divi­ On a fa.ct sheet a.bout "citizens' ra.te" ATOMIC REACTORS sions, a.lso used a two-yea.r time frame in handed out a. t Postmaster General Benje.min (By John Vinocur) his gloomy assessment o! the industry's F. Baile.r's press conference recently, eight American manufacturers of nuclear rea.c­ chances for recovery. facts were listed a.nd facts numbered 7 a.nd 8 to,rs are in deep trouble. Their slumping mar­ "It's going to be extremely difficult then," were most revealing, we think: kets show no signs of recovery, a.nd the in­ he said. "Our second- and third-tier sup­ Fact 7: "Citizens' Rate Ma.ll will not be dustry itself is now facing the disintegration pliers are hurting badly already. We've nur­ subjected to a ma.nda.tory requirement that of skills and production ca.pa.bility built up tured these small a.nd middle-sized indus­ it be processed during peak-loa.d hours." since World War II. tries over the yea.rs a.nd a.re very concerned Business is terrible. In the early 1970's, about their future. If the situation persists, Fa.ct 8: "Regular first-class and other pri­ the ca.pa.city we once had to create a. new ority mall will normally ha.ve carrier and atomic power seemed the logical energy source for last quarter of the century a.nd generation of products will be gone." lock box priority over Citlzens' Rate Ma.ll." The industry's view usually involves the In other words, non-business m.a.11 from utility companies ordered a.n average of 30 reactors a. yea.r to run their electricity gen­ phrase "prospects of disintegration.'' But you is going to be put a.t the bottom of the there is a. plausible case for asserting it ha.s pile, sent to the be.ck of the bus. Your letter era.ting plants. But after this bright period of expansion, domestic orders ha.ve fallen off already started and ma.y be difficult to re­ to mom or dad or son or daughter or Aunt verse, according to Irvin C. Bupp, a. professor Abigail often won't get there as soon as it to almost nothing. [Rebuffing President Carter, the House of at the Harvard Business School who ha.s does now. And if the postal service's scheme studted the economics of nuclear power. to cut down six-day delivery to five-da.y de­ Representatives joined the Senate in au­ livery-meaning no Sa.turda.y mall in most thorizing funds for the Clinch River Breeder "JUST CANNOT GO ON" cases-goes through, a.s it probably wm, Lord Reactor.) "Flatly stated, the ma.nufa.cturers just can­ only knows how long it might take for your TWO-YEAR LIMIT CITED not go on under the present conditions," Mr. letters to arrive. There were three orders for new nuclear Bupp sa.id. "The minimum healthy market Since the President has urged the postal plants in 1976. This year, there ha.ve been for one of the companies I know is five to service to keep citizen ma.11 a.t 13 cents, this four, although two are tentative preliminary 10 new orders a year.'' postal service pla.n to slow your ma.11 service contracts. But there are many people . who do not down even more smacks of a political ploy. "In about two yea.rs, you a.re going to see despair a.bout the industry's troubles. Which is to sa.y tha.t Ballar pleases the Presi­ this business disintegrate," sa.id Howard M. The vasting illness tha.t has a.tta.cked dent and cuts down on service to the U.S. Winterson, a. vice president a.t Combustion the business is seen by some environmen­ citizen at the same time. Nea.t, right? Engineering, one of the American manufac­ talists as a. sa.lutory development in turers. blocking expansion of a. technology they It was nice in 1970 to get politics out of "We have yet to show a profit. When every­ call unsafe and unreliable. It is a.lso a kind the post office, but the present postal service body works off his backlog, things a.re going of vindication for a. sma.11 group of ec, no­ setup isn't working. We need a ma.11 system to be very, very tough." mists who have maintained tha.t coa.l power is tha.t works. Thirteen cents for a. first-class Utility companies ha.ve turned almost ex­ cheaper in the long term tha.t nuclear fuel. stamp is too much and six-da.y service is essential. clusively to coa.l from the reactors tha.t use The reply of the reactor manufacturers is nuclear fuel instead of coal. A fission process tha.t dismissing nuclear power would make The new "cltlzens ra.te" scheme is no step in the reactors creates the steam needed to the nation entirely dependent on coa.l, in the right direction. It just means poorer drive the industry's power-genera.ting tur­ which they sa.y would be unrealistic in terms service for us all. bines. o! coal supply and cost. September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31021 The nuclear industry's poor health 20 years At the sa.me time, a provision in the pro­ and as a result, expansion has for the most after the start-up of the first American com­ posal would require the Nuclear Regulatory part occurred by adding to or replacing ca­ mercial reactor contrasts with Government Commission, the Federal agency that over­ pacity at long-established steel production projections in the 1960's for as many as 1,000 sees nuclear power, to pay the legal expenses sl tes. This in turn means that American nuclear-powered generating plants to be of environmental groups fighting plant con­ steel makers have been significantly con­ operating by the end of the century. struction. strained by ancient plant location choices The Government has now scaled back this BILL'S FUTURE IS UNCLEAR and plant layouts, making it more difficult year 2,000 goal t.o about 300 plants in addi­ The blll's future ls unclear at best. A Sen­ to increase productivity than if they could tion to the 63 now in operation that furnish­ ate staff member, specializing in nuclear have started with a clean slate. ing 11.9 percent of all United States generat­ issues, said that, even though the Admin­ In contrast, Western European steel capac­ ing capacity. istration has called for the construction by ity has more than doubled since 1955, and Under optimum conditions, the present the year 2000 of 300 new nuclear plants in Japanese production has increased thirteen­ backlog would eventually increase the total addition to those operating today, he feels fold. For the Japanese in particular this rapid of operational plants to 209 according to Kid­ the Administration ls weighted with oppo­ ex;,ansion has made it possible to build new der, Pea.body & Company, but the pattern nents of nuclear power. steel works at deep-water ports able to re­ since 1974 has been more one of cancellations "I don't see the people Carter has put into ceive raw materials and ship products in the of old orders than of winning new ones. the Interior Department-they're no-bones­ most efficient manner. These new works em­ Over the last three years, ut111ties through­ about-it anti-nuclear-standing for any kind body the la.test blast furnace, converter, and out the country, hard pressed by inflation of b111 that is going to limit the environ­ rolling mm technology, and they are la.id out and a drop-largely related to the recession­ mentalist role in the area." so that the flow of materials makes few if any in the traditional 7 percent annual growth The industry's main hopes are tied to detours, thus minimizing handllng costs. For rate in the use of electricity, cut back sharply shortening plant delivery time and an im­ these and other reasons, the Japanese on the construction of all generating provement in the health ut111ties themselves. steadily narrowed the United States' once plants-oil and coal, as well as nuclear. Its pessimism about the short term ls solid lead in steel productivity per worker, But because coal-powered plants take only slightly lessened by the increasing cost of and sometime during the early 1970s they six years to build, in comparison with 10 or setting up coal plants. In some areas far pulled ahead. Unless drastic changes occur, 12· years now needed for nuclear-powered from the coal fields, the cost margin between their lead is llkely to increase in coming yea.rs plants, and because coal-powered plants nuclear-powered and coal-powered genera­ as they round off the edges of the modern have none of oil's uncertainties and involve tors has narrowed. steel-making base they have established. relatively small capital costs, there have been The Florida Power Corporation for example Nor ls the problem merely one of physical 14 new orders for them during the first six is now paying $360 m1111on for a coal-powered fac111tles. In part because of its comparatively months of 1977, compared with the dismal 600,000 kilowatt unit under construction undynamic history, the U.S. steel industry nuclear record. compared with the $400 mllllon that its last nas been less attractive to young engineers U..LUSTRATED BY FLORIDA DECISION 825,000 kilowatt nuclear plant cost. and scientists than such industries as aero­ What happened to the nuclear business is space, electronics, and chemicals. Nor ls it mustrated in the decision in December 1975 unfair, I believe, to the industry's many able by the Florida Power Corporation, a St. managers to say that it has not held its own Petersburg-based utmty supplying electricity TESTIMONY OF PROF. F. MICHAEL in the competition for managerial personnel. to central Florida, to cancel plans to build SCHERER AT WAYS AND MEANS Talent flows where the growth opportunities two nuclear-powered generating plants, each lie, and American steel has not been am0ng TRADE SUBCOMMITTEE'S HEAR­ the leaders. By way of contrast, steel in Japan of 1,100 megawatts, or 110,000 kilowatts. ING ON STEEL-PART 2 Over a period of two years, the cost had run has in recent decades been considered one of up for the units to $2.6 b1111on from $1.4 the most dynamic industries, and it has at­ bllllon. HON. CHARLES A. VANIK tracted at least its fair share of Japan's tech­ "It's simple," said Wllllam Johnson, spokes­ nical and managerial elite. man for the utmty. "With the high capital OF O}JIO A homely example of what these develop­ costs and long lead time on nuclear we had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments imply is suggested by an experience I had in the fall of 1973. Within the span of a. t.o project out 10 years. Excluding the other Monday, September 26, 1971 variables, that means 10 years at 6 percent or month I had the opportunity to inspect 60 percent overall." Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, on Septem­ Japan's newest cold strip rolling mm and one "You can't borrow just at one time," he ber 20, the Subcommittee on Trade of the of the newest U.S. counterparts. The differ­ added. "I•t's not like building a house. The ence was striking. The Japanese mm-the Committee on Ways and Means held a first to break away from U.S. engineering interest can cost almost as much as the hearing on "World Steel Trade: Current plant. We completed one nuclear plant at traditions-was better designed for rapid coil $400 mlllion The originally projected price Trends and Structural Problems." changeover and high-speed production. Its was $118 mllllon." Prof. F. Michael Scherer of North­ crew was remarkably skUled and enthusias­ At the same time, Mr. Johnson spoke fa­ western University presented a state­ tic; they seemed to take pride in overriding vorably, as almost all the utlllties do, of nu­ ment at the hearing which provides an the automatic controls to change coils even clear power. extraordinarily balanced and thoughtful faster than the design parameters contem­ "If it weren't for the capital problem, plated. Perhaps I caught them on a bad day, summary of present steel problems. but productivity of the U.S. crew was much someone in our situation would be foolhardy I would like to include his statement not to pursue nuclear," he said. lower-in pa.rt because of inferior equipment "The fuel cost comparison with on ls super in the RECORD for the benefit of all those design, in part because of what appeared to and the coal option will become increasingly who are concerned about the present steel be less sk111 in using the equipment they had, expensive. If they could get their plant dellv­ situation: and partly because they lacked the Japanese ery time down to five to seven years it would STATEMENT OFF. M. SCHERER crew's manifest enthusiasm. Slmllarly, the Japanese engineers and man­ be a very different situation,'' he added. It is an honor to appear before the Sub­ Industry advocates say its situation could agers with whom I met appeared to have a committee today on the important question better understanding of how technological be improved through passage of a proposed of America's role in world steel trade. I testify Nuclear Regulatory Reform Act that the Car­ changes would permit them to improve the not as one who analyzes every squiggle in the efficiency of their steel mllls than their Amer­ ter Administration expects to send to Con­ weekly tonnage statistics, but from a back­ gress by the end of the month. The blll, which ican counterparts did. Indeed, the reason I is still being drafted, aims at getting nuclear­ ground of observing the steel industry's per­ sought interviews in Japan was that I en­ formance carefully throughout the 1960s and countered no one in my 1970-72 U.S. and Eu­ powered generating plants on line six years then conducting from 1970 to 1974 a. seven­ after they are proposed. ropean interviews with a sufficient under­ This would be accomplished by trying to nation study of economies of scale in steel standing of the scale economies yielded by speed up the process through early site making. What I hope to offer is perspective, the large new blast furnaces being erected approval, creating pre-approved standardized not details, on the current crisis. then by the Japanese. plant designs and narrowing the room for THE U.S. STEEL INDUSTRY'S COMPARATIVE In short, we Americans are simply being maneuver that environmental groups have EFFICIENCY outclassed in the design and operation of to block or stall a project. The current position of American steel steel works. That is one important reason, If the b111 were to go through, states could makers is very much a matter of historical although not the only, for the difficulties the reserve areas !or the construction of nuclear legacy. The industry's raw steel output American industry ls now experiencing. plants removing the possib111ty of years of reached a peak in 1955 that was not exceeded One further point along this line deserves environmental arguments on site selection. until nine years later. And even in the 1973 mention. It ls often said that American steel Admission of standardized plant designs boom, raw steel output was only 29 percent makers are suffering because foreign pro­ would further reduce the time lost in indi­ higher than in 1955. Steel in the United ducers receive vast governmental subsidies. vidual plant investigations. States has been an industry of slow growth, Without doubt, large subsidies a.re being 31022 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 doled out overseas. But it is my impression complex system of pricing exists in Japan, ment should insist upon some and perhaps that at least in the developed nations, sub­ with some prices being quite stable and all of three conditions: ( 1) commitments sidization is most common in countries with others highly flexible. If therefore it is from the individual leading firins (i.e., the the least efficient steel industries (such as claimed that the Europeans and Japanese top eight) to a seven-year plan of modern­ the United Kingdom and France), and least are sell1ng in the United States below their ization with ambitious productivity increase common in nations like Japan, West Ger­ domestic price level, it is important to ask, goals; (2) commitments by the leading firms many, and Holland with highly efficient below which domestic price level? This point that they will not use their increased cash industries. is frequently overlooked in discussions of flow to make diversification acquisitions a or In Germany, the principal subsidies as of alleged dumping, including, as nearly as I raise dividends by more than the general 18 months ago were payments to induce the can discern, in the May 1977 report by Put­ rate of inflation; and (3) commitments to use of high-cost local coal in place of the nam, Hayes & Bartlett for the American create a spot market for steel products more imported coal steel makers preferred even Iron and Steel Institute. sensitive to supply and demand changes than with subsidies, modest transport cost sub­ The problem of American steel makers' the existing administered price system. sidies to badly located Saarland mills, and non-competitiveness vis a vis imports has be­ I personally believe that, considering the Kurzarbeit (i.e., short working time) pay­ come sufficiently acute that one gropes for danger of stimulating more widespread in­ ments, which appear to be merely a more radical cures, such as proposing an analogous ternational trade breakdowns, the protec­ humane way of handling unemployment multi-tier approach to pricing American tionist approach is the wrong way to go. I compensation. In Japan, a feature often sin­ steel. Steel buyers to whom stability of would prefer to "tow6h it out" and hope that gled out as preferential is the high debt either supplies or prices is important might time heals what will for a while be some leverage permitted by close enterprise-­ contract for their minimum needs at a fixed very painful wounds. Barring a substantial bank-government ties. But high leverage price subject to neither escalation nor reduc­ change in the U.S. industry's pricing policies is typical of all Japanese industry, not just tion. The remainder of steel output would or an unexpectedly large resurgence in world steel. It certainly cannot explain American move in spot markets at prices that vary steel demand, the short-term consequences steel's special problems. more or less continuously with supply and de­ of non-intervention wlll probably be further PRICING mand conditions. Such a system would make import penetration, continued pressure on the United States industry much better able steel industry profits, some retardation of in­ Another reason for the dlfflculties Ameri­ to cope with import competition without vestment, and the closure of especially in­ can steel producers face now lies in the realm eliminating stability for those steel users efficient plants, with attendant hardship to of pricing. For decades the U.S. steel industry who value it. It would also permit U.S. pro­ their employees. What happens over the was one of the most tightly disciplined of ducers with substantial excess capacity to longer run will depend critically upon world industrial oligopolies-the casebook exam­ compete vigorously to utilize that capacity­ supply and demand developments. If demand ple of so-called administered pricing. All among other things, by seeking export or­ grows more rapidly than supply, the pressure major producers followed United States ders. It is of course a system unlikely to be of imports will ease and investment in new Steel's price leadership in virtual lock step, accepted gladly by the industry; if it were domestic capacity will accelerate. and even as late as the mid 1960's, off-list A more likely scenario in my view is con­ 1 otherwise, it presumably would have been pricing was rare. Gradually, this has adopted long ago. tinued slackness in world steel markets-it changed. One factor for change has been the not because demand growth fails to recover, less aggressive price leadership role played Its main drawback from an industry per­ spective ls loss of the simplicity and trans­ then because developing nations with rich by United States Steel, in part because of ore and coal resources are goin,z to insist its declining market share and partly, I sus­ parency that provide the bP.sis for strong price leader;,hip. Without such a prop, price upon adding more value at home and satis­ pect, because it grew weary of government fying a growing share of world semifinished criticism for its repeated moves to higher competition would undoubtedly become more vigorous. What its impact on profits a.nd finished steel demand. The persistence of price levels. Second, tough import competi­ slack in world markets and "get all you can" tion has apparently induced more extensive would be is less clear. More competition would work in the direction of reducing al­ oligopolistic pricing domestically will mean off-list pricing in the very recent past, espe­ a continuing rise in the share of U.S. demand cially in West Coast states. But even now, it ready depressed profits, but better utilization of capacity during periods of slack demand satisfied by imports and more plant closures, is reasonably accurate to say that steel prices but also the expansion of well-located plants in the United States move in only one direc­ would have the opposite effect. Such a change and its probable consequences with good modernization potential. I think tion-up. it highly improbable that domestic capacity This ls not the case overseas. Foreign steel should, it seems to me, be considered serious­ ly by government agencies able to extract would shrink enough during this century prices behave the way an economist would to jeopardize national defense mobUizat1on expect them to behave in a competitive basic a quid for the protectionist quo cu1Tently being sought by the i~dustry. needs. This most likely of free market sce­ industry: they go up in booms ( as in 1973) narios is a sad one, for the United States, and fall in slumps (as during the past two THE POLICY DILEMMA With its rich coal reserves, abundant capital, years). This ls contrasting behavioral pattern How can the United States move to a sit• and vast technological capab111ties, probably leaves the U.S. industry vulnerable during uation in which its steel industry is suffi­ has a comparative advantage over most of slumps, for its high maintained prices simul­ ciently cost- and price-competitive to with­ the world's nations in steel production. But taneously attract a flood of imports when stand the competition of efficient importers? if U .s. steel makers fall to find ways of overseas prices fall and prevent it (given I know no easy solutions. There is a funda­ becoming cost- and price-competitive, it may anti-dumping treaties) from fighting back mental dilemma. If the industry is given no be the most one can reasonably hope for. by attempting to cut prices and exports more protection and if world steel markets con­ vigorously. tinue to be depressed, which seeins likely for It is said that there ls more to the problem at least the next two to three years, U. S. than this, and in particular, that foreign producers' profits wlll be under heavy pres­ producers dump in the U.S. market. I lack sure. Despite appreciable cash flow from de­ AMERICAN VETERANS MUCH IN the facts to assess the truth of that allega- preciation charges, it is questionable whether EVIDENCE 1on. I do know, however, that comparing steel industry management wlll find fore­ home and export prices is not easy. The seeable industry conditions attractive main difficulty ls that there ls typically not enough to warrant heavy investment in ex­ HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE one set of steel prices in Western Europe pansion and modernization. Without such OF TEXAS and Japan, but two and perhaps several. In investment, the U.S. industry will fall even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Europe, steel producers sell at both their further behind world leaders. On the other announced basing point prices, which tend hand, the industry has an absolutely strik­ Monday, September 26, 1977 to be fairly rigid, and also at "alignment" ing history of squandering through elevated Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, on June prices ad1usted (usually downward) to meet prices and wages any advantages conferred 17, I expressed my shock to this body in the competition of importers.2 by low productivity abroad (once, but no learning that the National Academy of Needless to say, they sell as much as they more), import quotas, and devaluation of can at regular basing point prices, but the the dollar. Sciences had submitted the results of a more intense import competition becomes, If the government is to intervene, it must study entitled "Health Care for Ameri­ the more transactions tend to occur at align­ surely be with a well-balanced combination can Veterans" which, among other ment prices. I am told that an even more of the carrot and the stick. At the very least, things, recommended turning over the in my opinion, dumping at prices below na­ Veterans' Administration hospital and 1 See George J. Stigler and James K. Kln­ tional spot market or aligned levels should dahl, The Behavior of Industrial Prices (New be enjoined. Ignoring the very serious spill­ a Mergers should be permitted and perhaps York: National Bureau of Economic Re­ over effects on other areas of international even encouraged among non Big Eight or­ search, 1970), pp. 72-74. trade--e.g., grain, aircraft, and electronics­ dinary steel producers other than min-mill 2 where the U.S. ls strong, not weak, one could - See Klaus Stegemann. "Three Functions bar product producers. Firms with less than ot Basing-Point Pricing and Article 60 ot the conceivably see some potential good coming tour million tons capacity are too small to E.C.S.C. Treaty," Antitrust Bulletin, Summer from stronger tariff or quota. protection achieve all significant economies of scale us- 1968, pp. 395-432, for an analysis of European against steel imports. But if it chooses to ing blast furnace-oxygen converter meth· pricing patterns. traverse the protectionist route, the govern- ods. September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31023 medical program to private physicians and Marines, but only if you wore civvies. It disband them by force. Then, too, the Legion and the private hospital system. was okay to date the girls, as long as the and other veterans' organizations leaned so In the meantime, a number of hearings neighbors didn't see you were in service and hard on President Truman right after World get the wrong idea about thier morals. And War II that he brought up a truly big gun, have been held by the Subcommittee on on the East Coast, at Norfolk, where the At­ four-star (later five-star) Gen. Omar N. Medical Facilities and Benefits, during lantic Fleet headquartered, it was common Bradley, to face them down as VA admin­ which time the subcommittee heard from for the good citizens to put out signs saying: istrator. representatives of the National Academy Dogs and sailors, keep off the grass. President Carter need fear no bonus ·of Sciences who were responsible for pre- That all changed, of course, when the Jap­ marchers in these affluent times, so far re­ paring and submitting the report. A anese bombed Pearl Harbor, and nothing moved from the Depression days that over­ press release that was prematurely is­ was too good for our boys in uniform. By whelmed Hoover, and the veterans' organi­ war's end there were 12 million of us, in­ zations no longer have the power they once sued by the Academy entitled "Report cluding the girls' brothers and sometimes Finds Role of VA Health Care Obsolete, enjoyed with Congress, the press and the the girls themselves, still in uniform. It was public. And so he could afford to cut a.cross Recommends Integrating with Com­ apparent then, and during the Korean police the grain, as it were, in picking a fellow munity Services" has apparently found action, and, in a different way, amid the my­ Georgian, from the Atlanta suburb of Litho­ much currency among newspaper editors miad ambiguities of Vietnam, that Rudyard nia., to head the VA. across the Nation. One of the articles in Kipling had our number as a peo,ple, al­ The story of Max Cleland has been told in this regard appeared in the Outlook sec­ though referring to another culture and an­ exquisite detail through written and broad­ tion of the Sunday, August 28, 1977, issue other time, when he wrote: cast news reports-a triple-amputee Army of the Washington Post entitled "The . For it's Tommy this, an' Tommy that, veteran of Vietnam combat duty, handsome Fading American Veteran." While the An' "Chuck 'im out the brute" and articulate, imaginative and tough, a article had some kind things to say about But it's "Savior of 'is country" when hellra.ising witness on Capitol Hill for GI The guns begin to shoot rights, driving his own car to work despite the veterans programs and the new Ad­ his physical handicaps, surrounding him­ ministrator, Max Cleland, the thrust of The guns are silent now and the hope, self with other Vietnam veterans as advis­ the article was a reiteration of the even expectation, is that they will stay that ers, fanning the fires in his gut to fulfill a argument put forth by the National way for a long time and so it is chuck­ passion for public service-and the story Academy of Sciences in the report re­ hlm-out time again for the American veteran. undoubtedly will continue to be told. f erred to in my remarks of June 17. The signs are everywhere, The National Aca­ Cleland's appointment caused the biggest demy of Sciences' National Research Council stir at VA headquarters since Gen. Bradley's Almost from the day I entered Con­ spends three years and $6 mlllion studying because the seven other administrators in gress, there have been attacks of one the Veterans Administration's medical sys­ between were more or less predictable types kind or another on veterans programs. tem and recommends that it go out of busi­ bearing the Legion's and the Veterans of Over the years, the Department of ness as a separate entity and phase in, over Foreign Wars' seal of approval. By contrast, Health, Education, and Welfare has in­ the years, with the rest of the nation's hos­ the choice of Cleland was heretical, and, be­ pitals. President Carter's new head of the cause of that, exciting. dicated its desire to take over the VA Civil Service Commission, Alan K. Gampbell, hospital and medical system. The Office makes a speech to the American Legion in With him, easily the youngest VA chief at of Management and Budget has con­ Denver and calls for an end to veterans• pref­ 34, and the first to come out of Vietnam, the ducted a campaign from one administra­ erence in government hiring-that is, an old-line veterans' organizations were uncom­ tion to the next to reduce the number of end to the 5 per cent for all veterans and 10 fortable. They had wanted one of their own, veterans being cared for in VA hospitals per cent for disabled veterans added automa­ like Clela.nd's immediate predecessor, Rich­ tically to their scores in Civil Service tests ard L. Roudebush, who had been a VFW na­ on a day to day basis. The American for government jobs. tional commander, and his predecessor, Medical Association has always taken a What many veterans think they are hear­ Donald E. Johnson, a former Legion national dim view of veterans medicine and has ing is something like, "Don't you know commander (as was John S. Gleason, Presi­ made no bones of its opposition to VA there's peace on?" Especially for the confused dent Kennedy's VA administrator). But medical care for veterans in general and and suspicious veterans of Vietnam-and 8 there is little they can do or say, except especially veterans with nonservice-con­ million of America's 29 million veterans are wait and watch his performance, because nected disabilities. I mention these to of that era, the unhallowed period of the Clela.nd's credentials for the $57,500 job are indicate that the National Academy of paradeless war-winds of change in our so­ impeccable and, while it is not yet clear how ciety seem to be saying this, "Okay, vets, the high his own personal ambitions might soar, Sciences study is just the latest assault wars are over. We thank you for what you he has the full support of President Carter, on veterans programs. did. But how long must a grateful nation at least at the outset of his tenure. The hearings on the National Academy remain grateful? Enough's enough, all good Blond and hefty, 6-foot-3, with a bachelor's of Sciences study are continuing with things must end, and this ls it for veterans. degree from Stetson University and a master's Veterans Administrator Max Cleland In a burgeoning, welfare state, with national in American history from Emory, Cleland scheduled to testify in behalf of the Vet­ health insurance for all Just around the cor­ joined the Army to "find out more a.bout the ner, why should veterans be treated any dif­ war." erans' Administration. I cannot empha­ ferently from other citizens." size enough that veterans must be on He qualified as a para.trooper only to be LINCOLN'S CONCERN assigned as a general's aide. Tiring of that, guard against the forces abroad in this he volunteered for Vietnam and, for 11 country whose ultimate purpose is to de­ Why indeed? For most of our history, months, tromped the bomb-pocked terrain stroy the VA medical and hospital pro­ they got no special treatment. No President around Khe Sa.nh as a captain with the 1st gave them much thought, apparently, until Air Cavalry Division. gram. There are more than 29 million Abraham Lincoln, at his second inaugura­ veterans in this country, who together In April, 1968, one month before his tour tion on March 4, 1865, spoke of the need "to was up, he reached for a loose grenade, to with their dependents comprise almost care for him who shall have borne the battle throw it a.way from himself and his men, and one-half of our population. Our commit­ and for his widow and his orphan." Lincoln it exploded in his face. He lost both legs tee has heard from great numbers of was facing unprecedented numbers of veter­ and his right forearm. these veterans, and I can assure you that ans to be rehabllltated, along with all the He ca.me home a hero-Purple Heart, Silver studies such as the National Academy of other crushing problems of Reconstruction. Star and Bronze Star Medals for wounds and Sciences submitted to the Congress are But the next month he was dead of an as­ valor-and all but consumed by pain, horror, sassin's bullet, and it was nearly two gen­ frustration, fear and more than a little sel!­ serving to· remind these veterans that erations and a few wars later, including the none of their cherished veterans rights pity. What probably saved him from wallow­ big one of 1914-18, before any sort of or­ ing in all that, and spending the rest of his and programs are sacred, and that unless ganized government approach to the special life a basket case, was that fl.re in his gut. they continue to be on guard, others will needs of veterans began to take form. Even He got angry, first at himself and then at the be asserting every effort to take them then, it was more do-it-yourself than any­ system, which, he figured, was geared to ware­ away. thing else, with the creation by World War house him, not rehabllltate him. I want to take this opportunity to I's doughboys of the American Legion as Cleland fought the system for 18 months share with my colleagues the article in their powerful voice. in Army and VA hospitals. They never gave Aside from the Legion, veterans have dem­ him a wheelchair of his own; he finagled one. the Washington Post on August 28: onstrated they can be a headache and THE FADING AMERICAN VETERAN They discouraged him from trying to oper­ worse for any President. Most notably, there ate an automobile; he learned from another (By Warren Rogers) were the bonus marchers confronting Presi­ triple amputee. They told him he would Out in San Diego, home of the U.S. Navy's dent Hoover in 1932, to the lasting embar­ never walk on artificial legs; he walked, puff­ Pacific Fleet, back before World War II, they rassment of Douglas MacArthur and Dwight ing and sweating and excruciating every step would let their daughters go out with sailors D. Eisenhower, obliged as Army officers to of the way, b~t he walked. CXXIII--1952-Part 24 31024 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 Now resigned to life in a wheelchair and role in providing health care for the general poor and ailing who are life's losers and who neither bitter nor self-pitying, he ha.s a. public, nor was there anything like today's just happen to be veterans. chance to shape the VA a.s he thinks it commercially operated health insurance pro- The Academy also ls saying that the VA should be. grams. cannot go on rocking a.long like this for the The major responsib111ties handed this 34- Nowadays, however, the picture ha.s so rest of the century because (a) it will be year-old bachelor by the President include: changed that it might be said to be totally faced with more and more older veterans-­ The nation's largest medical system by reversed. Only 29 per cent of VA hospital three times as many by the year 2000, in far; primarily 171 hospitals with 94,000 beds, ca.re today is provided to veterans with serv- fact-in search of geriatric attention and 317 outpatient clinics, 86 nursing homes a.nd lee-connected d1sa.b111t1es. Thus, a.n a.stonlsh- (b) it doesn't make much sense because 18 domiclliaries, served by more than 5,800 Ing 71 per cent of the veterans in VA hos­ there ls going to be some form of federally full-time physicians, nearly 25,000 full-time pita.ls a.re there with d1sa.b111tles they re­ funded national health insurance in a. few nurses and more than 150,000 other medical ceived when they were civ111a.ns. This ls true years anyhow, and VA must coordinate with ca.re employees. even though government expenditures of all that in some wa.y. The world's largest adult education pro- kind (local, state a.nd federal) for the health Cleland, McMichael and their colleagues at gram: the GI Bill, which to date has pro- of the public a.t large totaled $179 bllllon in VA have put together a. response to the vlded training to more than 16 m1111on vet- fl.seal 1976, and health Insurance protection Academy's report that, by a.nd large, looks era.ns, including more than 6.5 mllllon under in some form now covers more than four­ like a. rear-guard action, agreeing with the the current GI B111. fifths of the general public-with a national generalities but giving ground grudgingly on One of the nation's largest life insurance health insurance program, with some kind of the details. Their response apparently will be programs: nearly 5 milllon veterans covered federal financing, certain to be adopted by a.long these lines: by GI life insurance policies valued at $35 Congress within the next few yea.rs. The VA agrees by and large with the gen­ b1111on. The VA also supervises the insurance Further, more and more veterans a.re grow­ eral tenor of the Academy's findings; it progra.m for active-duty a.nd reserve mill- Ing eligible for full VA hospital ca.re. This knew about those things all a.long a.nd has tary personnel, a.mounting to another $64.5 ls because the largest bloc of veterans, some been moving toward "fine tuning" and cor­ blllion in value. 13.5 mllllon from World Wa.r II, is a.pproa.ch- recting inadequacies. A GI home loan program that has prp- ing the a.ge when long-term-ca.re needs in­ The VA ls ready, even eager, to cooperate vlded 1n excess of $120 b1111on thus fa.r in crease rapidly and a.billty to pa.y for it out with whatever na.tlona.l health insurance more than 9 mlllion veterans home loans. of dwindling incomes ls decreasing. VA rules plan evolves in Congress. But the VA hos­ A compensation and pension program that stipulate that any veteran at age 65 ls ellgl­ pital system constitutes only 10 per cent of dlstrlbutes $8.1 bllllon annually to 5.5 mil- ble for VA hospital care automatically, Just the national hospital picture, and the VA lion veterans and veterans' survivors. as if he or she were disabled. The reasoning insists that its integrity be preserved a.s a Administrative problems galore in the ls that 65 ls the age at which veterans most veterans system. The key to a national third largest federal agency, with a quarter- need support, as personal income drope: health insurance program is getting costs mllllon employees and a.n annual budget of drastically upon retirement and mnesses hlt under control: How much will it cost? What $19 blllion. The only bigger departments oftener and harder. ls wrong with the VA continuing to go it are Defense and Health, Education, and Wel- The VA's statistics show that, by 1980, alone for veterans? fare. some 2.6 m111lon veterans wlll be 65 and As A FIGHT ON HIS HANDS older. By 1990, this wlll be more than double, an experiment, the VA ls prepared to establish a "health maintenance orga.ntza.­ Cleland starts out right away wt.th a fight to 5.9 million, and, by 2000, the figure wm tion" in one or more of its hospitals. This on his hands. He faces a deadline Thursday be 7.1 m1111on, or about 25 percent of all would make VA hospital ca.re available to for responding to that National Academy of survivµig veterans (always provided there famllles of veterans, a. possible prelude to Sciences' report which, when a.ll ls said and are no more wars this century to produce bringing in other non-veterans later as pa.rt done, would do a.way with VA hospitals as more new veterans than would accrue in of a general national health approach. they now exist. The report, fl.led this sum- peacetime)· The VA is ready, as it has been for yea.rs, mer after three yea.rs of study by the Acad- The assumption ls, then, that the number to take payments from health insurance emy's National Research Council at a cost of of veterans 1n long-term-care facllltles will $6 mllllon, was authorized by the Senate's more than triple by the year 2000. Today, companies for medical care provided veter­ Veterans Affairs committee, and ts entitled, some 44,500 of the 95,000 VA patients, nearly ans who are covered by policies from those "Health care for American Veterans." half, are ln long-term-care facllltles, and the companies. So far, the companies have de­ None of its findings came as a. big surprise VA ls paying in whole or in pa.rt for another clined the VA's invitation. to the VA, which, after all, supplied the ra.w 16,400 in non-VA long-term-ca.re fa.cllltles. The VA would cling to its a.ffllla.tion with data.. But Cleland a.nd his chief adviser, VA As time passes, then, it is apparent that the medical schools around the country, as it General Counsel Guy McMicha.el, who for six VA hospital system thus becomes more and has since 1946. VA stipends for interns a.nd yea.rs had been general counsel of the Senate more rather like an old soldiers' home. residents now cover 26 per cent of a.ll grad­ committee, were hopping mad at the report's The profile of the average veteran using uate medical education, and half of all doc­ chief recommendation: to merge the VA VA hospitals ls a bleak one older than most tors now entering practice have had some hospital system, over a period of a few yea.rs, veterans, usually unmarried, less likely to training in VA hospitals. Without such sup­ with the nation's other hospitals, public and have hospital insurance coverage and poorer. port, some medical schools would go out of private. The survey showed 54 percent were over 50 business. A chief argument for this phasing tn was yea.rs of age, compared with 29 percent of And that ls how matters now stand for that it ls only a matter of time until every all veterans, 48 percent were unmarried, the veteran, who turns out to be, a.s fa.r as American, veteran or not, ls covered by a compared with 20 percent for a.11, and 30 the VA ls concerned, somewhat of a. different national health insurance program of some percent had hospital insurance coverage, as bird than perceived since Lincoln's day; a.nd kind, and, further, what ls the use of main- against 82 percent for all veterans. Of those for the fellow Georgian President Carter tainlng a general hospital system for certain in VA hospitals, 48 percent ha.d incomes (for tapped to sort it all out. The saga of Ma.x members of society (veterans) when, as a.ge 1975) under $5,000, compared with 26 per­ Cleland, whom life itself tried to chuck out takes its toll in phys1ca.l 111s and flna.ncla.l ln- cent in other hospitals, and only 5 percent by ta.king a.way his legs and right forearm, come, they wlll be no different in their med- ha.d incomes over $15,000, compared with is still unfolding, and his former boss, Guy teal needs from all other members? In other 21 percent 1n other hospitals. McMicha.el, now his top aide, may have a words, chuck-him-out time? There are other depressing signs. For in- lot to sa.y a.bout where it goes from here. Cleland, McMlchael a.nd others a.t the VA, stance, the most common diseases for VA There a.re those who whisper that Mc­ like Dr. John D. Chase, the VA's chief of patients are chronic a.nd require continuing Michael actually ls running the VA, with medicine, are breathing easier since Academy care and repeated admissions. Cleland at the virtually attack-proof front spokesmen said that this and all of its other Also, of the 10 most common primary man. recommendations should not be ta.ken too diagnoses, alcoholism ranks second and "Who's going to criticize a triple-ampu­ literally but that its findings should. Some cirrhosis of the liver, one of its major con­ tee as sincere and dedicated and hard work­ of the findings a.re far from common knowl- sequences, ls eighth. Counting secondary ing as Max?" asked one VA offlcla.l. "Not edge and paint a picture of a changing pro- diagnoses as well a.s primary, alcoholism was meaning to sound grisly, but it would have fl.le of the American veteran, a.nd, indeed, a present for 13.8 percent of all patients, sev­ to be a blinded veteran or somebody like ra.ther surprising one for those veterans who eral times higher than the rate in private that, wouldn't it?" the whisperers note that use VA hospitals. hospitals. McMicha.el ls a man of proven administrative In the beginning, when the VA hospital RESPONSE BY VA ability, whereas this ls Cleland's first time system wa.s organized in 1922, the goal wa.s to The picture that emerges from this thicket out in this area. Be that as it ma.y, they treat veterans suffering from disabilities con­ of statistics is what apparently is bothering make an exceptionally effective team: the nected with their mllltary service-the re­ the National Academy of Sciences surveyors. tough, coolly articulate McMichael, as in­ sult of World War I wounds, lllnesses a.nd It is of a benevolent Uncle Sa.m liberally ex­ formed as a.ny person in the country on vet­ injuries, prlma.rlly. This was boldly innova­ tending hospital care, not to deserving vet­ erans' affairs, and the warm, effusively artic­ tive, a move from scratch, because at the erans in gratitude for their having "borne ulate and even schmaltzy-folksy Cleland, time the federal government ha.d almost no the battle," but to down-and-outers, the who has grown from angry advocate to per- September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 81025 suasive protector of the rights of veterans, The study was designed a.s a. first step for be altered by undiscerned factors such as the especially handicapped veterans. controlling exposure of workers to carcino­ discovery of previously unrecognized carcino­ McMichael, now 37, enlisted in the Army gens. But because of NIOSH's limited re­ gens. But there seems little doubt, he adds, a.s a private in 1962 upon graduation from sources, it was first necessary to identify that these are the industries where research Harvard. Discharged in 1964, he went to the those industries where the potential hazard and cleanup efforts should first be directed. University of Michigan law school, finish­ is the greatest, and therefore where the maxi­ The single most severe problem in many ing in 1967, and practiced for a. while in his mum effort should first be exerted. industries, the report says, is the presence native South Bend, Ind., before becoming a.n The rankings in the study are based on of carcinogenic dusts in the workplace. These assistant prosecutor for the State of Indi­ two separate sets of data: the total a.mount occur in the dry mixing of paints and ana.. He also dabbled in Democratic politics of exposure to carcinogens, and the relative pesticide.. , for example, and in many other and, a.t the behest of his mentor, then Sen. potencies of the carcinogens. The relative processes where solids must be mixed. A Va.nee Hartke (D-Ind.), moved to Washing­ potencies of the carcinogens were estimated major effort is thus needed, according to the ton· in 1971, when the Senate organized the as accurately as possible from a. comprehen­ report, to develop new ways to enclose the Veterans Affairs Committee. sive search of the available literature. The entire system of dry materials production, POLITICAL AMBITIONS ranking for carcinogenic potential took into mixing, and transfer. \. The Clela.nd-McMicha.el team dates to account the time required for tumors to ap­ Another severe problem that se~mingly 1975, when Cleland ca.me to Washington and pear after exposure to the carcinogen, the could be easily solved is better ventiµg of joined McMicha.el's staff at the committee. minimum amount of carcinogen required, areas where carcinogens are used. In m.any Cleland, after serving two terms in the Geor­ and the method of administration. Some of cases, the report says, the venting system gia. state senate, had reached out for the the available data about individual carcino­ now in place does little good and, in some office of lieutenant governor in 1974. He lost, gens a.re contradictory and some are incom­ instances, it even blows carcinogens back in third in a. field of 10, but he had ma.de a. lot plete; most of the information, furthermore, the faces of the workers. More attention 1s based on studies with animals. Each of of friends, including Georgia's Gov. Jimmy apparently also needs to be given to the use of these areas represents a potential pitfall of masks and protective gear now used only Carter, and the political die for him was the study, particularly the need to extrapo­ cast. infrequently. late animal data. to human exposures. But It must be emphasized that the Research It is no secret that Max Cleland wouldn't the data used, the report emphasizes, a.re Triangle Institute report is basically a library mind being governor of Georgia., a.s his the best now available. study. The investigators neither visited fac­ friend was, and it may be that he is gather­ The investigators ranked some 86 indus­ tories nor tested potential carcinogens. They ing the administrative know-how right now trial chemicals according to their carcino­ also did not use a.ny data about occupational to help him do the job. Some at the VA call genic potential. The ten most potent chemi­ cancer in the studied industrieo: many of the him "governor," but not to his face. And, cals, the report concludes, are N-nitro-sodi­ most potent carcinogens, in fa.ct, have not whatever is in the back of his mind, nobody ethylamine, tha.111um, chromium, asbestos, been in use for the 25 to 31) years that would can say he is not giving his all to the job at nickel, coal tar pitch volatiles, methyl meth­ be required for cancers induced by them to hand ane sulfona.te, a.cetamide, yellow OB, and begin showing up. It is also possible that As one looks out of his office window in ethylenimine. better controls have been established in some downtown Washington, it is only 600 yards Information a.bout the exposure of workers industries since the NOHS study was con­ a.cross Lafayette Park and Pennsylvania. Ave­ to carcinogens was obtained primarily from ducted. Nonetheless, the result3 wlll give nue to the White House. This was pointed NIOSH's National Occupational Hazards Sur­ NIOSH a good idea where to begin out to him, teasingly, the other day: "Only vey (NOHS). For this 56-million, 3-year emphasizing control procedures. The study 600 yards to go, Max." study-which has not yet been completely should also give pause to many executives He snorted his big ma.n's la.ugh and said, published-a group of engineers went to who now think they run clean industries. dismissingly, "Yeah, but that's a. lo-o-o-ng manufacturing facilities throughout the 600 yards." Stlll, there seemed to be a. touch, country to determine, among other things, just a. touch, of dreaming in the way he said how many workers in each type of plant a.re it. exposed to chemical a.gents, what those agents a.re, how the exposure occurs, and the BANKRUPTCY LAW REVISION­ length of the exposure. Data. from this sur­ BANKRUPTCY COURTS CARCINOGENS IN THE WORK­ vey were then combined with data on carcinogenic potential to produce two new PLACE lists, one ranking carcinogens by a. combina­ HON. DON EDWARDS tion of exposure and potency and the second OF CALIFORNIA ranking industries by the a.mount of expo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. CARL D. PERKINS sure to carcinogens and suspected carcin­ OF KENTUCKY ogens. Monday, September 26, 1977 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the first case, the investigators com­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. bined potency, amount of exposure, and an­ Monday, September 26, 1977 nual production to conclude that the ten Speaker, I am pleased to report that the Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, a dis­ most hazardous industrial chemicals are, in Committee on the Judiciary has acted tinguished former member of the House, order, asbestos, formaldehyde, benzene, lead, favorably on H.R. 8200, a bill to revise the the Honorable Earle C. Clements of Ken­ kerosene, nickel, chromium, coal tar pitch bankruptcy laws of the United States. It volatiles, carbon tetrachloride, and sulfuric has been a long and difficult effort pre­ tucky, who has since had other careers acid. Similarly, the potency of the materials as Governor of Kentucky, and a U.S. paring such a complex bill, but I am and the amount of exposure to them was proud of the product that the committee Senator, recently sent me a very used to rank American industries. thoughtful and penetrating article from The new results differ from the conclusions has produced, and I am confident that it Science magazine of September 23, 1977, of previous studies. Hickey tells Science, will make a vast improvement in our concerning carcinogens in the workplace. ·because those previous studies generally con­ bankruptcy system. It occurred to me that this article is sidered only the volume of the carcinogens The committee filed the bill, as amend­ so timely that it should be included in and not the amount of exposure. Previous ed, and the committee report on Septem­ studies have ranked the chemical industry ber 8. The report is report No. 95-595, the RECORD: very high, for example, because it manu­ and I urge my colleagues to study it CARCINOGENS IN THE WORKPLACE; WHERE TO factures hazardous materials in lots of tons carefully, for it contains a detailed START CLEANING UP or more. But the large qua.ntities of materials description and analysis of the bill, and The most hazardous industry in the United may actually be manufactured by only a States, in terms of exposure of workers to very small number of people, so that con­ goes over in detail the reasons that we carcinogens, may well be the manufacture sideration only of th~ volume of carcinogens proposed what we did in the bill. of scientific and industrial instruments, ac­ grossly overestimates the potential hazard. 0,1\e issue that is addressed in the com­ cording to a. study prepared by John Hickey, In contrast, Hickey says, the manufacture mitte~report is the need for the separa­ James Kearney, and their associates a.t Re­ of scientific and industrie.l instruments re­ tion of the bankruptcy court system search Triangle Institute for the National In­ quires relatively small a.mounts of carcino­ from the (iistrict courts. Though this is stitute for Occupational Safety and Health genic materials. But these materials are used covered fully in chapter 1 of the report, (NIOSH). The fabricated metal products in­ in the hand fabrication 01 devices, so the dustry was rated second most hazardous, and total exposure-and thus the total risk-is I wish to add to the record on this point. the manufacture of electrical equipment and very high. The fabrication of metal and elec­ My colleague from California (Mr. supplies third. The chemical industry, which trical products both rank high for the same DANIELSON) included in the report as many people would consider an odds-on reasons. Hickey emphasizes that the total separate additional views a copy of a choice to head the list, was ranked a lowly a.mount of hazard is very similar in the top letter from Judge Shirley Hufstedler of 12th. ten industries, and the actual rankings could California. I received a copy of that let- 31026 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 ter when it was first sent in June, as did which I chaired, were similarly filled with While civil cases may involve two or three specific examples of the severe problems in parties on each side, a bankruptcy case in­ all members of the committee before we bankruptcy administration caused by the volves one or two debtors and often hundreds considered H.R. 8200, so it was before us step-child rela tlonship between the district of creditors. In fiscal 1976, over 9 million before we debated and voted on the courts and the bankruptcy courts._ Toe Staff creditors were scheduled in bankruptcy cases. amendment offered in committee by the Report to which you referred cites the record This figure does not reflect many unsched­ gentleman from Illinois (Mr. RAILSBACK). extensively in support of the proposition uled creditors, omitted through inadvertence I answered Judge Hufstedler's letter, and that a new court is needed. or as a result of the poor records of many that, too, was before the members of the Moreover, it is not only the bankruptcy debtors. Bankruptcy cases often impact en­ committee. In order to complete the specialists who have called for a new court tire communities and occasionally the entire system. The American Bar Association nation. Cases pending in the bankruptcy record before the House, I would like to adopted a resolution last year endorsing the court in October, 1976, involved over $27 bil­ set out my response to Judge Hufstedler concept of an independent bankruptcy court. lion in scheduled assets and nearly $43 bil­ here: Numerous State Bars, including the Bar of lion in scheduled liabilities. W. T. Grant in­ WASHINGTON, D.C., Arizona in the Ninth Circuit have done like­ volved assets of over $600 million and liab111- July .26, 1977. wise, and the Association of the Bar of the ties of $1.1 bllllon and affected the job of Hon. SHmLEY M. HUFSTEDLER, City of New York has also endorsed the con­ 80,000 employees, the investments of 70,000 U.S. Court of Appeals, cept; no State Bar has rejected it. The Amer­ public investors, and the rights of mllllons of U.S. Court House, ican Bankers Association also favors an in­ consumers. Bankruptcy cases pending in the Los Angeles, Calif. dependent bankruptcy court. district courts such as Penn Central affect the DEAR JUDGE HUFSTEDLER: Thank you for From my experience on the Bankruptcy lifestyle and the jobs of countless Americans. sending me a copy of your letter to Congress­ Commission, I concur in your observation In addition, the possibiUty that major mu­ man Wiggins concerning H.R. 7330 (now H.R. that about 90 percent of all bankruptcy cases nicipalities may have to seek relief under the 8200) and the proposed bankruptcy court are consumer cases that require primarily Bankruptcy Act indicates the enormous im­ system. I understand your concerns about administrative work. Under present law, portance of this legislation. the proposed courts, but feel that they fail to there is much administrative work in busi­ I am not sure that arguments relating to recognize the state of bankruptcy adminis­ ness cases as well. The combination of ad­ trends in judicial administration help us tration today, and the potential drastic de­ ministrative and judicial responsibility for a solve the recognized problems that plague cline that may result if the current system case in the same individual leads to an un­ bankruptcy administration. I know that is not substantially changed. I would like justifiable institutional bias in the bank­ trends do not guide you in deciding particu­ to address the points you raise in opposition. ruptcy judge. That is precisely the reason the lar cases that come before your court, but They have been considered in detail by the Commission proposed, and every major or­ that you decide them on the merits of each Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional ganization has endorsed, the concept that individual case. We must decide this issue Rights, when it debated this legislation ear­ the administrative and the judicial functions on its merits. lier this year, and by the full Committee on in bankruptcy must be separated, and not Nor do I believe that creation of this court the Judiciary during its recent mark-up. performed by the same individual. H .R. 8200 will lead to any fragmentation, and demands First, you are correct that the bill creates accompUshes that result. by each specialized group for its own sepa­ 94 new bankruptcy courts, one for each ju­ The administrative functions a.re to be rate court. In fact, all that ·i;his bill does for dicial district in the United States. The bill taken over by private trustees in part, and bankruptcy litigants is to give them the does not, however, create any specific num­ by the United States trustee in part. Only same kind of judges and the same kind of ber of new judgeships for the bankruptcy the judicial functions are to remain with the court that all other federal litigants already courts. The reason is simple. When creating new bankruptcy courts. Examination of the have-tenured judges and independent a new tenured bench, it is important to know bill as a whole ls a prerequisite to under­ courts. If bankruptcy litigants could be ac­ first how many judges will be needed. The standing the function of the proposed bank­ corded equal treatment in the federal dis­ bill provides for a five-year transition pe­ ruptcy court. A simple assertion that new trict courts, many problems would be solved. riod during which the new substantive law courts should not be created to handle the But for the past 40 years, the federal judi­ will be implemented and the caseload meas­ administrative aspects of bankruptcy cases, ciary has made it absolutely plain that they ured. Then Congress will have the opportu­ both consumer and commercial, will not do, wish no part of bankruptcy. The distr-ict nity to establish the proper number of because the bill does not create such a court judges refuse to become involved or decide judgeships. It is too early to tell now how system. Under the bill, the court will become bankruptcy cases except when they have to; many judges will be needed. It may be that involved only when there is a dispute to be this posture is at variance with their zeal far less than 94 will be needed. The legis­ resolved, that is, only when two parties ap­ to decide other complex areas of the law, lation has the capacity to provide for less pear, each asserting different rights under such as securities law, labor law, and tax than 94, because the provisions governing the law. law. designation and assignment of judges and Further, to demean the importance of permitting roving judgeships for more than Neither wm the proposed court system bankruptcy work by suggesting that only a change the priority currently accorded bank­ one district will permit great flexibility in small proportion of that work involves mat­ channeling judicial resources. ruptcy cases. They are presently heard al­ ters that rise to trial level fails to recognize most exclusively by bankruptcy judges. The Second, I would like to distinguish be­ the enormous volume of nonbankruptcy liti­ cases are not required to wait along with tween two separate issues that you raised. gation, both civil and criminal, that is set­ all other Federal civil cases to be heard. The The first is whether the court that handles tled before trial, and requires only adminis­ reason is a practical one. It is not because bankruptcy cases should be a subordinate ad­ trative processing. In my view, the work of we consider bankruptcy cases to be more junct of the district court or whether it the bankruptcy court ls very important; un­ important than other Federal cases; rather should be separate and independent of the fortunately, many judges fail to appreciate bankruptcy and reorganization cases can suc­ district court. The second issue arises only if the broad impact bankruptcy has. ceed only where the procedure is quick. A the first issue is decided in favor of a sepa­ During the course of a year, more people reorganization that ls prolonged due to rate court, and I believe the authors of the in this country are affected by bankruptcy court delays ls a reorganization that is Staff Report to which you refer made that cases than by all other civil and criminal doomed to failure. Creditors simply wm not explicit: if an independent court is to be es­ litigation combined. In fiscal year 1976, there wait, and wm prefer instead to liquidate a tablished, then the Congress must decide were 246,549 bankruptcy cases as compared business rather than participate in drawn the constitutional status of that court. It with 130,597 other civil cases, and 41 ,020 out reorganization procedures. That could is important to separate the issues, though criminal cases filed in the district courts. Of affect thousands of jobs and public investors, I recognize that if the Constitution dicta.tes the bankruptcy caseload, 35,201 cases or 14.3 and millions or billions of dollars. that an independent court be an Article III percent were completed business bankrupt­ Once we assUine, even arguendo as you court, some may wish to reconsider the is­ cies, of which 3,901 were filed under the reor­ suggest, that an independent court ls nec­ r'\ue of the independence of the bankruptcy ga.niz:atlon chapters, X, XI, and XII. By con­ essary, I am sure that you, as a strong be­ court. trast, complicated clvll litigation in the dis-· lleveii in the Constitution, can understand You have suggested tha:t those seeking to trict courts appears to be less frequent. Dur­ our reluctance to establlsh an Article I court establish a new court system have a heavy ing fiscal year 1976, only 2,230 securities, com­ if there is a reasonable doubt that such a burden of persuasion to bear, and have sug­ modities and exchange cases were filed, and court would violate Constitutional norms. gested further that the changes proposed only 1,555 antitrust cases were filed. The Staff Report raises substantial doubts are not supported by the record. There is no On the other hand, 10,355 social security that anything less than an Article III court question in my mind that most of the cases were filed, 13,962 personal injury cases can perform the functions of a. full-fledged changes proposed are supported by the rec­ were filed, and 19,809 prisoner petitions were bankruptcy court. The Department of Justice ord. I served on the Bankruptcy Commission filed. Moreover, within each bankruptcy case, has recently communicated to us their view for two years. The Commission's hearings several adversary proceedings and contested that an Article I court most likely could not and discussions were replete with evidence matters serve as mini-trials magnifying the pass constitutional muster, and certainly of the need for an independent court. The significance of the 246,549 bankruptcy cases could not be granted all the powers that are Subcommittee hearings before the Congress, many-fold. necessary to bankruptcy administration. September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31027 The Department of Justice has also stated You contend that a panel of judges can­ "From time to time one or another of the very clearly, in their Report on the Needs not be 'expected to handle more than 200 children wanted things like roller skates, of the Federal Judiciary, that first-rate peo­ cases a year, and cite the 1976 Annual Re­ bicycles, formals, clothes, cars and so on ple can only be attracted to a job with suffi­ port of the Director. Examination of the which they felt their father was obligated to cient prestige, because Congress will never Management Statistics for the United States give them. In nearly every instance, the fa­ pay judges the salaries they could earn in Courts 1976 also published by the Director ther would respond with "I don't have the other pursuits. As to the quality of the indicates, at page 13, that 97 judges disposed money myself but I'll take it out of your present bankruptcy bench, I have no doubt of 16,426 appeals in fiscal 1976. While it is piggy-bank a.!ld put in my I .0.U." This made that the judges are able and dedicated indi­ true that "actions per judgeship" were re­ everybody happy. viduals. Neither do I have any doubt that ported to be 169 cases terminated in fiscal "Then came a day when one child wanted it is becoming increasingly difficult to attract 1976, the Director makes clear on page 13 to buy a home, another wanted to start a first-rate people to the bankruptcy bench. that a three-judge panel would dispose of business, another take a long trip, and so on But it is beyond doubt that everyone regards roughly three times that number. Thus, the and they all went to the father and asked the district judges as a cut above even the extra 300 bankruptcy appeals suggested by him to give them the money for his I.0.U.'s. best of the bankruptcy judges. The attitude the Staff Report translates into a burden of "Father could only reply, "I don't have and actions of the Judicial Conference toward less than two-thirds of the work of one any more money now than I ever had. I have bankruptcy judges underscores that fact. A appellate panel for the entire country. given you all the things you asked for and new court with tenured judges will attract As you imply on pages 9 and 10 of your you can't have it twice." highly qualified individuals. Federal litigants letter, we all tend to be concerned with "Could it just be possible the father is are entitled to no less. things that affect us the most. The bank­ Uncle Sam and the children are people like As to the constitutional issues, they are ruptcy appellate burden will be borne most you and me, businesses and financial institu­ covered exhaustively in the Staff Report. The heavily in the Ninth Circuit, but that is not tions? And the I .O.U.'s our government Report reviews case law, scholarly writing, a sufficient reason to oppose a bill of national securities?" and the responses of nine constitutional ex­ importance, or the creation of a badly needed The analogy is clear and direct. "You perts to a letter from Chairman Rodino. The new court system. can't have it twice" and a day of reckoning comments quoted in the Report by those I welcome any further communication you a nd revelation always comes. legal scholars may not have been directed wish to have on the bankruptcy legislation. When one considers the I.O.U.'s the federal to H.R. 7330 specifically. Nevertheless, even With kind regards, government has stacked up against itself, a cursory reading of Chairman Rodina's Sincerely, that day could be cataclysmic indeed. letter of inquiry will indicate that all of the DON EDWARDS, responses were directed solely at the powers Chairman, Subcommittee on and the constitutional status of the proposed Civil and Constitutional Rights. bankruptcy courts. RESOURCES IN THE BLACK The expanded jurisdiction of the bank­ COMMUNITY ruptcy court is a concept that is central to this bill. My service on the Bankruptcy Com­ mission coU";inced me that the current DAY OF RECKONING AHEAD! HON. JOHN L. BURTON limited jurisdiction of the bankruptcy courts OF CALIFORNIA is a cause of serious concern, and hampers judicial administration unnecessarily. The HON. JAMES ABDNOR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hearings before the Subcommittee indicated OF SOUTH DAKOTA Monday, September 26, 1977 the same. What is granted by the bill is not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "a jurisdictional bonanza", but rather some­ Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, thing that is essential to efficient bankruptcy Monday, September 26, 1977 I would like to call the Members atten­ administration. Any volume of Federal Sup­ Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, the public, tion to a recent speech given by Dr. plement that you read has at least one case Carlton B. Goodlett, a distinguished concerning the jurisdiction of the bank­ tl1e administration and the Congress are most reluctant to face up to the fact that nhy1'ician, puhlisher, and leader in the ruptcy court. The issues litigated on juris­ black community. diction are often the same as those litigat ed a day of reckoning is fast approaching in on when the case comes to trial on the our national fiscal policies. Once in a As always, Dr. Goodlett's comments merits. That is wasteful, and no amount of while-as when we defeated a resolution are provocative and penetrating: concern over a "bankruptcy menace" will to increase the deb~ limit-we give "IDENTIFICATION AND UTILIZATION OF RE­ change that fact. I am surprised by your token awareness that there is a problem, SOURCES IN THE BLACK COMMUNITY: conclusion that expanded jurisdiction is un­ but for the most part we go blindly on WHERE Do WE Go FROM HERE?" supported by the record and your contention (By Carlton B. Goodlett, Ph.D., M.D., Presi­ that expansion is countenanced only by enacting ever more expansive govern­ dent' National Newspaper Publishers As­ bankruptcy specialists. Nothing could be ment programs. sociation- Black Press of America) furt her from the truth. Every State Bar that In trying to help its readers under­ has considered the issue has supported ex­ stand what is happening, the Watertown, I am grateful for the opportunity to in­ panded jurisdiction, as has the American Bar volve myself in this new experience today, S. Dak., Public Opinion carried this edi­ of sharing with Black professionals in psy­ Association. torial, which all of us in the Congress The second major topic discussed in your chology a summer workshop in which there letter focuses on the "intolerable systemic need to seriously consider: are more Black professionals in this room costs" of the bill. You understandably ex­ I .0 .U.'S CAUSE MOST OF FEDERAL FISCAL than there are fingers on the hands. Permit press concern that routing appeals to the PROBLEMS me a few nostalgic moments. courts of appeals will result in an intoler­ The federal government is rapidly push­ Approximately 45 years ago, when the able increase in the caseloads of the courts ing its way toward the trillion dollar debt General Education Board was seeking a uni­ of appeals, but you fail to take acc::ount of milestone, being roughly three-fourths of versity setting in which to establish an in­ the flexibility that a full complement of the way there already and no slowdown in stitute for the Study of the Black Child, Article III judges will give to the federal sight despite President Carter's campaign the late, venerated John Hope, President, courts. The liberal designation and assign­ promises of a balanced budget and a begin­ the Atlanta University system, invited a ment provisions in the bill will permit bank­ ning of debt reduction by 1981. search team to inventory Atlanta as a site ruptcy judges to fill in on an as-needed basis; There has been little but lip service so for this important Institute. The decision they should be particularly useful on appel­ far. Meanwhile, the demands upon the gov­ was made to establish an Institute for the late panels where their special expertise will ernment for more of everything-and all of Study of the Negro Child at Atlanta Univer­ be a valuable asset. it expensive-continue unabated. Saying sity, but, alas! There were no Blacks in the To the extent that there will be an in­ "no" isn't a prominent characteristic ln nation who had specialized in this disci­ crease in the caseload of the courts of ap­ government. pline. Harold Jones, Professor of Psychology peals, I agree with the Staff Report that the The situation has bothered one Water­ and Director of the Institute of Child Wel­ increase is not likely to be such as to un­ town resident who believes the average per­ fare, University of California, was chairman duly overburden these courts. You note son's unconcern with a steadily worsening of the search committee; he thereupon set that the comparison between the projected situation may stem from a lack of under­ about looking for a protege to train so 1.7 '/o increase in the caseload and the pro­ standing of how and why we got that way. that this important institute could be built posed 30 % increase in the number of judge­ He reduced it to children's bedtime story for Black children. In 1935, I stumbled into ships is unfair, because the increased ap­ stature and, preferring anonymity lest he be Professor Jones' class on Child Development pellate caseload will fall most heavily in just misunderstood, came up with this; at UC, Berkeley; without my knowledge of a few circuits, especially the Ninth. How­ "Once upon a time there was a father who his intent. t h ree years later, May 1938, ever, you failed to note that the 30 <7,, figure ha.d a number of children who were indus­ the 92nd Black Ph.D. recipient in the his­ was also an average. and that the judgeship trlous and made a practice of saving part tory of the United States was graduated, bill proposes nearly a 100'7r increase in the of their allowances and other earnings in and efforts were made to establish the de­ number of judges for the Ninth Circuit. their piggy-banks. ferred Institute for the Study of the Black 31028 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 Child. But, unfortunately, the General Edu­ Many of these jobless Black adolescents lea's racial crisis: total separation of the cation Board had reached the end of its are stlll seeking nonexistent jobs. However, races, amalgamation, or extermination of one Child Development Institute cycle, and no many at the end of the hope rainbow have race or the other. funds were available. simply given up. Those who believe that the fate of Black Another historical reminiscence: in To translate statistics : while the actual Americans is, after all, inextricably entwined 1938-'40, two Black psychologists at West fize is difficult to determine, it has been esti­ with that of all the powerless, dispossessed Virginia State College, Institute, West Vir­ mated that from 500,000 to 600,000 Black and wretched of the American Earth must ginia, attempted to organize a National As­ youths from 16 to 19 are continually out of present to our youth, the inheritors and sociation of Black Behavioral Scientists; be­ work. If we include the underclass, ranging architects of tomorrow, their grand design cause of the paucity of specialists in so­ from 8 to 16, while tco young to work they for the raceless society! What are their means ciology, psychology, educational psychology must be counted because far too many of and timetables? What viable alternative do and other related disciplines, the catch-all them are committing v:.olent crimes and they propose when they look up and see that phrase "behavioral scientist" was used. This u i: ing narcotics. A conservative estimate of events have rushed by them, that the USA effort died a-borning, because it was an idea these endangered Black youngsters would is now a divided society, with a white na­ whose time had not come. equal about one million, living in the 25 tion well fed, well clothed and comparatively Fortunately for Black Americans, approx­ largest U.S. cities. These youngsters live on happy, and a black nation ill-housed, 111- imately 7 years ago a National Association educated, underemployed and progressively the edge of civilized society. The most im­ poorer? of Black Psychologists was organized, and mediate option for these Black youth is reflects the rapid development occurring crime-first and foremost against other After 114 post-Lincoln's Emancipation since John Hope's efforts to establish an Blacks. years of recycling depression, inflation, and Institute for the Study of the Negro Child The commander of the Homicide Division the last-hired first-fired syndrome, the at Atlanta University. This summer work­ of the Chicago Police Department recently teeming black masses feel that there must be shop, sponsored by the Middle Level Com­ stated in an interview that the average per­ something better than their wretched eco­ munity Clinical Psychology of the Southern son found guilty of murder is "male, Black, nomic existence, and they are crying for Regional Educational Board, is a testimony 18 and under." Louisiana probably ls the help-for jobs, food for their children, care of the fact that "behavioral sciences" have only state in the nation where there are more for the aged, and roofs over their heads. come of age in Black America. young Blacks incarcerated in prison than From whence will this help come? What and Let us hope that the Black behavioral young Blacks attending college. who will rescue our people? scientists will have the ability, the investi­ Many Black adults, particularly women, The answer: Black America must rescue gative techniques and, finally, the courage are organizing into groups, like the Con­ itself. and insight, to search for new ways to assist cerned Women in the War Against Crime in No help can be expected from any other 26 million American Blacks, an aggregation Chicago, to which the White establishment quarter!! larger than 158 other nations in the world, media give a tremendous play. These women What are the Black resources available for to live in a hostile, racist society-a society are encouraging Blacks to cooperate more "self-service"? which threatens Black America's very sur­ closely with the police. Never do they at­ vival. Black Schools: Our sons and daughters tempt to look for or address themselves to a must be imbued to seek educational excel­ BLACK AMERICA solution of the deeper root causes of crime, ence and dedicate their lives to the service of For the past twenty years, since the which are poverty, miseducation, poor hous­ the teeming Black masses. Our youth must Montgomery Freedom Walk, Black America ing, all compounded elements of racism in never forget that there is a nation to be led, hac; been haunted by the Martin Luther the American society. and an eternal struggle to be waged against King-Abernathy-Jesse Jackson litany, "I Am The White establishment and increasing racism. Somebody!" Let us briefly inventory this numbers of Black organized anti-crime or­ The Black Family: In all ages when men somebodyness. ganizations are rapidly becoming the adver­ were victims of both physical and psycho­ The thought had haunted me, shortly saries of these Black under-class youth. This logical slavery, the strength for survival has after the litany was started, and we men­ contradiction of Blacks joining the estab­ been the family. The Black family has been tioned it to Dr. King once: "Martin, would lishment in pursuit of the wrong solution a balm and a refuge in time of distress· we it not be horrendous, for some White folks to the problem of Black crime against prop­ must not be brainwashed by the nons~nse such as George Wallace, to get on nationai erty and person is a glaring example of the of a Moynahan. The family institution must TV and prove that Black folks are really cruel, vicious contradictions in White capi­ rescue the lost Black youth; It must Nobody?" I was challenged to attempt to talist America. First, Samuel Yette in "The strengthen t he resolve of each Black citizen quantify King's "Somebody" litany, and Choice: Black Survival-USA," and now to walk tall and assume leadershlo in the found the following applicable data: Ward in his article, "Black Youth-An En­ dangered Species," warns us that an entire human strugP.le for survival and liberation. For the totality of the American experi­ The Black Sororities and Fraternities: ence until recently, Blacks have been caught generation of Black youth are becoming use­ less, expendable, non-functional, non-pro­ More than 600,000 of the educated Black elite up in the semantics of "individual freedom" are members of the Pan-Hellenic Council, as opposed to the broad concept of "freedo~ ductive human waste material, because the svstem refuses to educate them or provide compo~ed of members of our national sorori­ for the masses." Rugged individualism and ties and fraternities. They must assume the the myth of individual freedom and security for them or their parents. These young expendables have become the responsibilities which higher education and leads to a black man's being described as economic advantage places upon the apex of "the 9th American", when in truth the nation's number one social liability; the same syst em of racism and exploitation which the 26-million Black pyramid. Thei:e organi­ strength of Black America lies in the concept zations, together with the various orders of that we are 12 percent of America-a force created their despicable lot apparently is rea-:Iying the machinery for their disposal. the Masonic Lodge and the Eastern Star, the of over 26 million. In this li~ht, we become Knights of Tabor. the Pythians, the Wood­ a nation within White America which is the We do not condone Black crime by any men of the World, the Elks and others, are second most numerous aggregation of blacks spectrum of the age cycle. Obviously the fear capable of amas!'ing tremendous manpower within the boundaries of a nation on the of crime in the Black ghettos is warranted. and economic resources for common pro­ face of the earth-second onlv to Nigeria However, just as Blacks exposed the chicanery grams and common causes. Their only need with its population of 61 million. In terms and the diabolical nature of Moynahan's de­ is an ideology as the precursor to their de­ of higher education and economic advan­ scriotion of the Black Family, so must Blacks velot;>men t of agendas, to rechart the Black tages, Black America ls the most highly de­ vi~orously reject the White analysis of the experience. veloped of any black people in the world. Black crime problem, which consistently leaves out the first culprit and villain­ The Black Church: Too often, the Black With approximately 7,500 physicians. 2,700 Church has become a bastion of conserv­ dentists, 4,000 attorneys, thousands of America itself-and instead places the blame on young Blacks for not "boot-strapping" atism, reflecting the status-quo-ism of the academicians, we are a learned neoole. Our organized White Church. Black churchmen black youth in institutions of higher learn­ themselves out of poverty. This is a classic American conundrum: the victim of racism, must become revolutionary leaders using ing number 667.000-300.000 more than their .. lnsti tu tional resources to build the Brlt l~h students in institutions of higher black youth. is a!!'.ain made the scapegoat for hic:: own victimization. whole man, who can use religion as an in­ learning in Great Britain, with her popula­ strument for sccial change. tion of 55 million. The nightmare of white racism, 1977, re­ Even though 600.000 Black youths in col­ minds us of Alexis de Tocquevllle's observa­ Of all the Black religious forms, perhaps tions in 1882 on the American experience: the Muslims come closest to developing a lege is an imorec:slve figure. tbe"e numbers Black ideology; they have set themselves must be counterbalanced by the fact that "The most formidable of all the ills that orobablv two to three times that number of t hreaten the future of the Union arises from apart and built a Black agenda, with the Black youth are not attending any school, the nresence of a black nooulation uoon its possibility of accomolishing through to­ anywhere-not subiect t o anv discinline or ter ritorv. The two races, Eurooean a!ld Neg:ro, getherness that which Blacks cannot ac­ authoritv, and lacking the skills. education are attached to each other without lnter­ complish alone. The Muslim ideology re­ or osvchological maturitv t o become "pro­ ming-lini?;; and they are alike unable to en­ flects itself in their espousal of the dignity ductive citizens"-a descriotion by the capi- tirely separate or to combine." and the beauty of Blackness. · talist society of those who produce goods and Implied in de Tocqueville's formulation The Black Church has a prophetic mission services. are the three ultimate resolutions to Amer- to play in Black survival. Christianity is a. September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31029 revolutionary religion, and Black church­ UAW OPPOSES THE NEUTRON BOMB ings and hearings of Senate committees, men must take on the revolutionary zeal of subcommittees, joint committees, and the early Christians, when Jesus was the committees of conference. This title re­ first great socialist, and Christianity was the HON. TED WEISS quires all such committees to notify the earliest form of socialism. The Acts from the OF NEW YORK Bible describe the first church: Office of the Senate Daily Digest-desig­ "And they continued steadfastly in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nated by the Rules Committee of the apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in Friday, September 23, 1977 time, place, and purpose of all meetings breaking of bread, and in prayers. And all when scheduled, and any cancellations that believed were together, and had all Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, on Wednes­ or changes in meetings as they occur. things common; And sold their possessions day I will introduce an amendment to As an interim procedure until the com­ and goods, and parted them to all men ..." H.R. 6566-the ERDA National Security puterization of this information becomes A DYNAMIC AND MEANINGFUL ROLE FOR THE Authorization-to delet,e all funds for operational, the Office of the Senate BLACK CHURCH the development, production, and deploy­ Daily Digest will prepare this informa­ The Black Church should develop new ment of the neutron bomb. tion for printing in the Extensions of techniques so as to contribute to the solu­ On September 22, I received a tele­ Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL tion of the crisis which threatens black gram from the United Auto Workers RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of youth in America. Three suggestions for Union stating its support for the amend­ each week. actions in a grand design for aid to black ment and its opposition to production of youth are here presented: Any changes in committee scheduling I. Every church should open up its Sun­ the neutron bomb. will be indicated by placement of an day School facilities for day child care facil­ I would like to share a copy of this asterisk to the left of the name of the ities; thereby providing without the neces­ telegram with my colleagues and hope unit conducting such meetings. sity of responding to the many sophisticated that they too will support the amend­ M€etings scheduled for Tuesday, Sep­ requirements placed upon nursery schools, ment on Wednesday when we consider day care with little or no charge to all young tember 27, 1977, may be found in Daily mothers surrounding the parish who need the bill on the House floor. Digest of today's RECORD. such assistance. In addition to the UAW, the follow­ MEETINGS SCHEDULED II. The Black Church must establish half­ ing eight other organizations have voiced SEPTEMBER 28 way houses, and lend assistance to those their support for the amendment: 8:00 a.m. young blacks who are attempting, individ­ Americans for Democratic Action, New Energy and Natural Resources ually and with help, to rescue themselves Directions, the Coalition for a New To continue hearings on the proposed from the grasp of narcotics, drug abuse and Foreign and Military Policy, SANE, Net­ Alaska natural gas pipeline route. alcoholism. work, New Democratic Coalition, Women 3110 Dirksen Building III. As the Jewish Synogogic schools, or 9:00 a.m. the Chinese or Japanese language schools, Strike for Peace, and the Women's Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. the Black Church should open its door5 to League for Peace and Freedom. Agricultural Production, Marketing, and black youth three days a week, Mondays, Twenty-three of our congr,essional Stabilization of Prices Subcommittee Wednesdays and Fridays, from 3: 30 to 5 p.m. colleagues are joining me in introducing To continue oversight hearings on trans­ This 90-minute period should be utilized in portation problems affecting agricul­ the development of black identity and black this amendment and their names are printed below: Representative HERMAN ture, forestry, and rural development. history, and black youth must be taught 322 Russell Building their collective responsibility and concern BADILLO, Representative BERKLEY BEDELL, Commerce, Science, and Transportation, for the black masses. Moreover, these after­ Representative WILLIAM BRODHEAD, Rep­ and Environment and Public Works hours church schools must provide remedial resentative JOHN BURTON, Representa­ To hold hearings jointly on the nomina­ procedures in the language arts so as to in­ tive JOHN CONYERS, Representative tion of Steven D. Jellinek, of Maryland, crease the comprehension and interpretive RON DELLUMS, Representative ROBERT to be Assistant Administrator for Toxic verbal skills of black youth. Substances, Environmental Protection IV. The Black Church should organize DRINAN, Representative ROBERT EDGAR, Representative DON EDWARDS, Repre­ Agency. their considerable economic power as lever­ 4200 Dirksen Building age against economic racism. In Harlem the sentative DAN GLICKMAN, Representative Commerce, Science, and Transportation churches bank $1 m1llion every Monday, ~LIZABETH HOLTZMAN, Representative Consumer Subcommittee but less than 10 % goes to Black banks; ROBERT KASTENMEIER, Representative To hold oversight hearings on the activi­ Black churches bank at least a billion dol­ ANDREW MAGUIRE, Representative EDWARD ties of the Consumer Product Safety lars a year, but that money drops into White MARKEY, Representative BARBARA Commission. pockets. Black institutions must learn to 5110 Dirksen Building mcrease Black economic viability. MIKULSKI, Representative GEORGE MIL­ LER, Representative PARREN MITCHELL, Select Nutrition and Human Needs The Black Press: In times of stress, the To hold oversight hearings on food qual­ Black Press has been the sole conduit to R,~presentative RICHARD NOLAN, Repre­ ity in the Federal food program. convey the alarm or sound the promise of sentative RICHARD OTTINGER, Representa­ Until Noon 6202 Dirksen Building hope. Without its press, Black USA would tive LEON PANETTA, Representative FRED 9 :30 a.m. resemble a giant whose spinal cord has been RICHMOND, Representative FORTNEY Human Resources severed, leaving a complete interruption with (PETE) STARK, and Representative HENRY To mark up S. 1784, to amend the Age no transmission from the brain to the vital WAXMAN. Discrimination in Employment Act so organs. as to protect the employment rights of The Black Financial Institutions: Black The UAW telegram: older workers; S. 2108, to amend the banks have net assets of $1.3 billion. The 39 DEAR REPRESENTATIVE WEISS: The UAW Indochina Migration and Refugee As­ black life insurance companies, built from supports your amendment to prevent con­ sistance Act of 1975; and S. 1328, to the meager economic base which sustains 26 struction of the neutron bomb. While we encourage the implementation of million blacks, have a total asset of $531 struggle to make progress in the SALT nego­ career education programs. million. The black savings and loan associa­ tiations, and recalling President Carter's in­ 4232 Dirksen Building tions have assets totaling $464 million. These augural address and emphasis on curbing Commerce, Science, and Transportation financial institutions have great potential nuclear proliferation. it is folly to proceed Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom­ and must become a force to help in the crea­ with a weapon like the neutron bomb. The mittee tion of a new world being born. UAW has long felt that there must be an To hold hearings on S. 2008, to provide The Black Politicians: With over 3,500 end to the nuclear arms buildup and fears a three-year period for the U.S. to black elected officials there are more today that the neutron bomb could open a new reach a permanent solution of the re­ than at any previous period. Unfortunately, and potentially dangerous door to disaster. bating and other malpractices in our too often they represent a mere replacement We support your amendment and hope the foreign ocean trades. by a black face of a white politician. These House acts favorably upon it. 224 Russell Building misguided politicians, rather than serving HOWARD G. PASTER, Judiciary the masses who elected them enter the po­ UAW Legislative Director. litical treadmill and play politics as usual. Business meeting on pending calendar Black political officeholders are primarily business. elected to serve their black constituencies. 2300 Dirksen Building The black masses soon will demand that the SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS Judiciary black politician be in the vanguard of po­ Juvenile Delinquency Subcommittee litical leadership, structuring important Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, To continue hearings on the implemen­ social changes. These politicians must be agreed to by the Senate on February 4, tation of the Juvenile Justice and De­ about the business of combating the enemy 1977, calls for establishment of a system linquency Prevention Act of 1974. eternal, racism. for a computerized schedule of all meet- 1318 Dirksen Building 31030 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 26, 1977 10:00 a.m. Select Indian Affairs Energy and Natural Resources Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold hearings on s. 2046, to enable Business meeting to consider pending To continue oversight hearings on bank Alaska Natives to maintain or con­ calendar business. regulatory issues. solidate tribal governing bodies, and 3110 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building S. 1789, to authorize the Secretary of Select Small Business Finance the Interior to contract with the Mid­ To hold hearings on S. 1815, Small Busi­ To continue consideration of the pro­ dle Rio Grande Conservatory District ness Venture Capital Act of 1977. posed National Energy Tax Act as em­ of New Mexico for the payment of op­ 424 Russell Building bodied in H.R. 8444. eration and maintenance charges on OCTOBER 4 2221 Dirksen Building certain Pueblo Indian lands. 9 :30 a.m. Foreign Relations 1202 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations To hold a business meeting on treaties, Joint Defense Production To receive testimony from Members of nominations and other committee To receive testimony from DOD officials Congress on the proposed Panama business. and defense contractors on defense Canal Treaty (Exec. N, 95th Cong., 1st 4221 Dirksen Building procurement practices. sess.). Governmental Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building 318 Russell Building Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov­ 2:00 p.m. Human Resources ernment Subcommittee Select Ethics Aging Subcommittee To hold oversight hearings on the im­ To hold an open followed by a closed To hold hearings on S. 1282, to provide plementation of the Government in business meeting. assistance for legal services projects the Sunshine Act (P.L. 94-409). S-126, Capitol for the elderly. 1224 Dirksen Building 2:30 p.m. 1224 Dirksen Building Rules and Administration Commerce, Science, and Transportation 10:00 a .m. To hold hearings on S. 2 and S. 1244, to Consumer Subcommittee Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry require periodic reauthorization of To mark up proposed standards on au­ Nutrition Subcommittee Government programs. tomatic auto crash protection devices. To hold hearings on the role of the 301 Russell Building 5110 Dirksen Building USDA in nutrition research. Veterans• Affairs SEPTEMBER 30 322 Russell Building To receive legislative recommendations 9:00 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs from representatives of the American Select Nutrition and Human Needs Rural Housing Subcommittee Legion. To resume oversight hearings on food To hold hearings on S. 1150, Rural Hous­ 318 Russell Building quality in the Federal food program. ing Act of 1977. 1:00p.m. Until 1 :p.m. 6202 Dirksen Building 6226 Dirksen Building Select Indian Affairs 9:30 a .m. To mark up S. 1509, to provide for the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Foreign Relations Consumer Affairs Subcommittee return to the United States of title to To receive testimony on economic con­ certain lands conveyed to certain In - To continue hearings on S. 2065, to pro­ siderations from Executive branch of­ vide consumer rights and remedies in dian Pueblos of New Mexico; S. 1582, ficials on the proposed Panama Canal electronic fund transfer systems. Ak-Chin Indian community water bill; Treaty (Exec. N, 95th Cong., 1st Sess.). and S. 1214, to establish standards for 5302 Dirksen Building 318 Russell Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation the placement of Indian children in Human Resources foster or adoptive homes. To resume hearings jointly with the Labor Subcommittee Public Lands and Resources Subcom­ 154 Russell Building To continue hearings on S. 1883 and 3:00p.m. mittee of the Committee on Energy 1855, to strengthen the remedies and and Natural Resources on S. 2053, Conference expedite the procedures under the On S. 1019, to authorize funds for cer­ proposed deep seabed mining legisla­ National Labor Relations Act. tion. tain maritime programs for fl.seal year 4232 Dirksen Building 1978. 3110 Dirksen Building S-126, Capitol Veterans' Affairs Human Resources SEPTEMBER 29 To hold hearings on a study by the Na­ Education, Arts, and Humanities Subcom­ 8:00 a.m. tional Academy of Science on health mittee Energy and Natural Resources care for American veterans. To resume hearings on S. 1753, to extend To continue hearings on the proposed Until 12: 15 p.m. 4221 Dirksen Building the Elementary and Secondary Educa­ Alaska natural gas pipeline route. 10:00 a .m. tion Act of 1965. 3110 Dirksen Building •commerce, Science, and Transportation 4232 Dirksen Building 9:00 a.m. Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom­ Select Indian Affairs Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry mittee To resume hearings on Federal Indian Agricultural Production, Marketing, and To resume hearings on S. 2008, to pro­ Domestic Assistance programs. Stabilization of Prices Subcommittee vide a three-year period for the U.S. to 6202 Dirksen Building To continue oversight hearings on trans­ reach a permanent solution of the re­ portation problems affecting agricul­ bating and other malpractices in our OCTOBER 5 ture, forestry, and rural development. foreign ocean trades. 9:30 a.m. 322 Russell Building 5110 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works 9:30 a.m. Transportation Subcommittee Joint Defense Produdction To hold hearings to review a report by Foreign Relations To continue to receive testimony from To hear Attorney General Griffin Bell the Congre,sional Budget Office on en­ DOD officials and defense contractors ergy conservation through public and others on the proposed Panama on defense procurement practices. Canal Treaty (Exec. N, 95th Cong., 1st transports.tion. 5302 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building Sess.). Finance 318 Russell Building Foreign Relatlons Select Intell1gence To continue consideration of the pro­ To continue to receive testimony from posed National Energy Tax Act as em­ Members of Congress on the proposed To hold a. closed business meeting. bodied in H.R. 8444. 8-407, Capitol Panama Canal Treaty (Exec. N, 95th 10:00 a.m. 2221 Dirksen Building Cong., 1st Sess.) . Finance Select Intelligence 318 Russell Building Special Investigations Subcommittee To continue consideration of the pro­ Human Resources posed National Energy Tax Act as em­ Closed business meeting. 8-407, Capitol To hold hearings to receive testimony bodied in H.R. 8444. from Executive branch officials in con­ 2221 Dirksen Building OCTOBER 3 nection with recent studies on human Governmental Affairs 9:30 a.m. resource programs. Re-ports, Accounting, and Management Judiciary 4232 Dirksen Building Subcommittees Administrative Practice and Procedure Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. To resume hearings on S. 18471 1838, 1829, and 2088, to improve the operation-and To hold hearings on S. 1720 and 1721, to Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs extend the scope of the Federal Ad­ provide for improved administrative Consumer Affairs Subcommittee visory Committee Act. procedures. To continue hearings on S. 2065, to pro­ 6202 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building vide consumer rights and remedies in Judiciary 10:00 a.m. electronic fund transfer systems. Improvements in Judiciary Machinery Sub­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building committee Consumer Affairs Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold hearings on S. 1430, to improve To hold hearings on S. 2065, to provide Rural Housing Subcommittee the judicial machinery in customs consumer rights and remedies in elec­ To continue hearin~s on S. 1150, Rural courts. tronic fund transfer systems. Housing Act of 1977. 2228 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building 6226 Dirksen Building September 26, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 31031 Commerce, Science, and Transportation OCTOBER 10 OCTOBER 14 To resume hearings on S. 61, requiring 9:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m. that a certain percentage of U.S. oil Environment and Public Works Bankin,6, Housing, and Urban Affairs imports be carried on U.S. flag vessels. To hold hearings to review plans for the To continue oversight hearings on issues 5110 Dirksen Building White House Conference on Balanced facing HUD concerning operating Energy and Natural Resources National Growth and Economic De­ costs on distressed FHA multi-family Parks and Recreation Subcommittee velopment. housing projects. To continue hearings on S. 1976, to add 4200 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building certain lands to the Redwood National Judiciary OCTOBER 17 Park, California. Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee 9 :30 a.m . 3110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings jointly with the Health Environment and Public Works Rules and Administration and Scientific Research Subcommittee Business meeting to consider pending To hold hearings on S. Res. 166, to create of Human Resources Committee on calendar business. a coordinated administrative manage­ the regulatory and competitive aspects 4200 Dirksen Building ment system for the Senate. of the health care industry. 18 301 OCTOBER Russell Building 4232 Dirksen Building 9 :00 a.m. OCTOBER 6 Veterans' Affairs Commerce, Science and Transportation 9:30 a.m. To resume hearings on S. 364, proposed To hold hearings on S. 2036, the Ama­ Human Resources Veterans' Administration Administra­ To continue hearings to receive testi­ teur Sports Act of 1977. tive Procedure and Judicial Review 5110 Dirksen Building mony from Executive branch officials Act. 9:30 a.m. in connection with recent studies on Until 1: 30 p.m. 6226 Dirksen Building Judiciary human resource i,rograms. OCTOBER 11 4232 Dirksen Building Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee Veterans' Affairs 9:30 a.m. To resume hearings jointly with the To resume hearings on a study by the Environment and Public Works Health and Scientific Research Sub­ National Academy of Science on health Transportation Subcommittee committee of Human Resources Com­ care for American veterans. To resume hearings to review the needs mittee on the regulatory and competi­ Until 1 :00 p .m. 6226 Dirksen Building of the Federal-Aid Highway Program tive aspects of the health care indus­ 10:00 a.m. and the Administration's options try. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs paper on highway legislation. 4232 Dirksen Building Financial Institutions Subcommittee 1114 Dirksen Building OCTOBER 19 To hold oversight hearings on variable 10:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m. rate mortgages and on alternative Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Commerce, Science, a.,nd Transportation mortgage instruments. To hold oversight hearings on the pric­ To continue hearings on S. 2036, the 5302 Dirksen Building ing of Federal Reserve services. Amateur Sports Act of 1977. Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building Rural Housing Subcommittee Foreign Relations 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on S. 1150, Rural To hold hearings on H.R. 7819, S. 1256, Judiciary Housing Act of 1977. and S. 1257, to amend the laws relat­ Administrative Practice and Procedure 6202 Dirksen Building ing to diplomatic immunity. Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources 4221 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed legislation Business meeting to consider pending OCTOBER 12 dealin,6 with the Department of Agri­ calendar business. 9:00 a.m. culture's policies, practices, and pro­ 3110 Dirksen Building Judiciary cedures regarding family farmers. Judiciary Constitution Subcommittee 2228 Dirksen Building Administrative Practice and Procedure To hold oversight hearing on activities OCTOBER 20 Subcommittee of the Civil Rights Commission. 10:00 a.m. To resume oversight hearings on the 2228 Dirksen Building Judiciary Freedom of Information Act. 9:30 a.m. Administrative Practice and Procedure 1202 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works Subcommittee Select Indian Affairs Transportation Subcommittee To continue hearings on proposed legis­ To hold hearings on the concept of creat­ To continue hearings to review the needs lation dealing with the Department of ing an independent Indian agency. Agriculture's policies, practices, and 357 Russell Building of the Federal-Aid Highway Program and the Administration's options procedures regarding family farmers. Select Small BuS>iness 2228 Dirksen Building To receive testimony on the implemen­ paper on highway legislation. tation of that part of P.L. 95-89 which 4200 Dirksen Building OCTOBER 25 established priorities for the awarding 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. of contracts to firms located in labor Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Energy and Natural Resources surplus areas. To continue oversight hearings on the Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ mittee 424 Russell Building pricing of Federal Reserve services. 5302 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on the coal OCTOBER 7 leasing program and its general impact 9:00 a.m. Human Resources on coal development in the West. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Education, Arts, and the Humanities Sub­ 3110 Dirksen Building International Finance Subcommittee committee OCTOBER 26 To hold oversight hearings on the ac­ To resume hearings on S. 1753, to ex­ tivities of the Exchange Stabilization 10:00 a.m. tend the Elementary and Secondary Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Fund. Education Act of 1965. 6226 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on the role 9:30 a.m. of the FHA in home financing. Judiciary OCTOBER 13 5302 Dirksen Building 9:00 a.m. Administrative Practice and Procedure Judiciary Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee Constitution Subcommittee Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ To hold hearings on S. 1974, the Regula­ To continue oversight hearings on activi­ mittee tory Flexibility Act. ties of the Civil Rights Commission. To continue oversight hearings on the 424 Russell Building 2228 Dirksen Building coal leasing program and its general 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. impact on coal development in the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs West. Financial Institutions Subcommittee 3110 Dirksen Building To continue oversight hearings on vari­ To hold overight hearings on issues fac­ able rate mortgages and on alterna­ ing HUD concerning opera ting costs Judiciary tive mortgage instruments. on distressed FHA multi-family hous­ Constitution Subcommittee 35, 5302 Dirksen Building ing projects. To hold hearings on S. proposed Civil Human Resources 5302 Dirksen Building Rights Improvements Act of 1977. Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Human Resources 2228 Dirksen Building mittee Education, Arts, and the Humanities Sub­ OCTOBER 27 To hold oversight hearings on the im­ committee 10:00 a.m. plementation of the National Health To continue hearings on S. 1753, to ex­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Planning and Resources Development tend the Elementary and Secondary To continue oversight hearings on the Act of. 1974 (P.L. 93-641). Education Act of 1965. role of the FHA in home financing. 6202 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building 31032 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE September 27, 1977 Energy and Natural Resources Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ To resume oversight hearings on U.S. Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ mittee monetary policy. mittee To continue hearings on S. 1879, to bar 5302 Dirksen Building To continue oversight hearings on the the granting of pipeline rights-of-way NOVEMBER 10 coal leasing program and its general to applicants who produce oil prod­ 10:00 a.m. impact on coal development in the ucts. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs West. 3110 Dirksen Building To resume oversight hearings on U.S. 3310 Dirksen Building NOVEMBER 2 monetary policy. Judiciary 9:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building Consti tu tion Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on S. 35, proposed DECEMBER 13 Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ 10:00 a.m. Civil Rights Improvements Act of 1977. mittee 2228 Dirksen Building Judiciary To hold hearings to receive testimony on Constitution Subcommittee OCTOBER 28 the possible effect of recombinant DNA To hold hearings on S.J. Res. 67, propos­ 10:00 a.m. research on the field of scientific ing an amendment to the Constitution Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs with respect to the proposal and the To continue oversight hearings on the inquiries. role of the FHA in home financing. 6110 Dirksen Building enactment of laws by popular vote 5302 Dirksen Building NOVEMBER 3 of the people of the United States. 2228 Dirksen Building OCTOBER 31 Commerce, Science, and Transportation 10:00 a.m. Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ DECEMBER 14 Energy and Natural Resources mittee 10:00 a.m. Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ To continue hearings to receive testi­ Judiciary mittee mony on the possible effect of recom­ Constitution Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 1879, to bar the binant DNA research on the field of To continue hearings on S.J. Res. 67, granting of pipeline rights-of-way to scientific inquiries. proposing an amendment to the Con­ applicants who produce oil products. 5110 Dirksen Building stitution with respect to the proposal 3110 Dirksen Building and the enactment of laws by popular NOVEMBER 1 10:00 a.m . 10:00 a.m. NOVEMBER 9 vote of the people of the United States. Energy and Natural Resources Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 2228 Dirksen Building

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, September 27, 1977

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. and withdraw my reservation of Messrs. PERKINS, DENT, PHILLIP BURTON, The SPEAKER. The prayer today will objection. GAYDOS, CLAY, BIAGGI, ZEFERETTI, MICHAEL be offered by a guest chaplain, father of The SPEAKER. Without objection, the 0. MYERS, MURPHY of Pennsylvania, one of our Members, Dr. Carroll Hub­ Journal stands approved. CORRADA, SIMON. MILLER of California, bard, Sr., Southern Baptist Theological There was no objection. THOMPSON, ANDREWS of North Carolina, Seminary, Louisville, Ky. ULLMAN, ROSTENKOWSKI, VANIK, QUIE, ERLENBORN, ASHBROOK, SARA SIN, EDWARDS Dr. Carroll Hubbard, Sr., Southern DR. CARROLL HUBBARD, SR. Baptist Theological Seminary, Louis­ of Oklahoma, JEFFORDS, and DUNCAN of ville, Ky., offered the following prayer: (Mr. HUBBARD asked and was Tennessee. given permission to address the House Eternal Father, Ruler of creation and for 1 minute and to revise and extend his REPORT ON RESOLUTION PROVID­ Sovereign of nations, we confess our de­ remarks and include extraneous matter.) ING FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.R. pendence upon Thee. It is not in us to Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, natu­ 9290, DEBT LIMIT TEMPORARY order our paths or to achieve our destiny. rally, it is a special joy for my wife INCREASE Give us strength for the living of these and me to have visiting with us my par­ days. May these who stand in places of ents, Dr. and Mrs. Carroll Hubbard, my Mr. SISK, from the Committee on great responsibility have the wisdom aunt, Mrs. Ruth Ambrose and her sister­ Rules, submitted a privileged report needed to make right decisions and the in-law, Mrs. Jeffrey Ambrose, at our (Rept. No. 95-635) on the resolution courage to act for the country's highest Nation's Capital. (H. Res. 781) , providing for considera­ good and the glory of God. It is an honor for my father, Dr. Car­ tion of the bill