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Aqueduct Global Maps 2.0 Working Paper AQUEDUCT METADATA DOCUMENT AQUEDUCT GLOBAL MAPS 2.0 FRANCIS GASSERT, MATT LANDIS, MATT LUCK, PAUL REIG, AND TIEN SHIAO EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CONTENTS This document describes the specific characteristics of the Executive Summary........................................................1 indicator data and calculations for the Aqueduct Water Risk Total water withdrawal....................................................2 Atlas Global Maps. Complete guidelines and processes for Consumptive and non-consumptive use........................5 data collection, calculations, and mapping techniques are Total blue water (Bt)....................................................... 6 described fully in the Aqueduct Water Risk Framework.1 The Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas makes use of a Water Risk Available blue water (Ba)................................................7 Framework (Figure 1), that includes 12 global indicators Baseline water stress......................................................8 grouped into three categories of risk and one overall score. Inter-annual variability................................................... 9 Seasonal variability......................................................10 Flood occurrence......................................................... 11 Aqueduct Water Risk Framework Figure 1 | Drought severity...........................................................12 Upstream storage.........................................................13 OVERALL WATER RISK Groundwater stress ......................................................14 Return flow ratio...........................................................15 Upstream protected land..............................................16 Physical Risk Physical Risk Regulatory and Media coverage............................................................17 QUANTITY QUALITY Reputational Risk Access to water............................................................18 Baseline Return Flow Media Threatened amphibians................................................19 Water Stress Ratio Coverage Endnotes......................................................................20 Inter-annual Upstream Access Variability Protected to Water Seasonal Land Threatened Disclaimer: Working Papers contain preliminary Variability Amphibians research, analysis, findings, and recommendations. They Flood Occurence are circulated to stimulate timely discussion and critical Drought feedback and to influence ongoing debate on emerging Severity issues. Most working papers are eventually published in Upstream another form and their content may be revised. Storage Groundwater Stress Suggested Citation: Gassert, F., M. Landis, M. Luck, P. Reig, and T. Shiao. 2013. “Aqueduct Global Maps 2.0.” Working Paper. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at http://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-metadata-global. WORKING PAPER | January 2013 | 1 The data selection and validation process involves three TOTAL WITHDRAWAL steps: (1) a literature review, (2) identification of data sources in the public domain, and (3) the compilation and Description: Total withdrawal is the total amount of expert review of the selected data sources. Calculation of 6 water removed from freshwater sources for human use. of the 12 indicators required the creation of original data- sets to estimate water availability and use. The hydrologi- Calculation: Withdrawals were estimated in a two-step cal catchments were based on the Global Drainage Basin process. First, national-level withdrawals were estimated Database developed by Masutomi et al.2 Computation of for the year 2010 using multiple regression time-series the original datasets was completed by ISciences, L.L.C. models of withdrawals as a function of annually measured indicators such as GDP, population, irrigated area, or Two measures of water use are required: water withdrawal, electrical power production. Regressions were performed the total amount of water abstracted from freshwater separately for each sector (domestic, industrial, and agri- sources for human use; and consumptive use, the portion cultural) and were used to predict withdrawals for 2010, of water that evaporates or is incorporated into a product, whenever FAO Aquastat values were older than 2008. thus no longer available for downstream use. Withdrawals Where FAO Aquastat reported withdrawals for the year for the global basins are spatially disaggregated by sector 2008 or more recent, reported values were used. based on regressions with spatial datasets to maximize the correlation with the reported withdrawals (i.e. irrigated Second, these withdrawal estimates were then spatially areas for agriculture, nighttime lights for industrial, and disaggregated by sector based on regressions with spatial population for domestic withdrawals). Consumptive use is datasets selected to maximize the correlation with the derived from total withdrawals based on ratios of consump- reported withdrawals (irrigated areas for agricultural, tive use to withdrawals by Shiklomanov and Rodda3 and nighttime lights and power plants for industrial, and Flörke et al.4 Both withdrawals and consumptive use are population for domestic withdrawals). coded at the hydrological catchment scale. Data Sources Two metrics of water supply were computed: total blue water and available blue water. Total blue water approxi- VARIABLE BASIN DELINEATIONS mates natural river discharge and does not account for Y. Masutomi, Y. Inui, K. Takahashi, and Y. Authors withdrawals or consumptive use. Available blue water is Matsuoka an estimate of surface water availability minus upstream Development of Highly Accurate Global consumptive use. Modeled estimates of water supply are Title Polygonal Drainage Basin Data calculated using a catchment-to-catchment flow accu- mulation approach developed by ISciences, L.L.C., which Year of publication 2009 aggregates water by catchment and transports it to the http://www.cger.nies.go.jp/db/gdbd/ URL next downstream catchment. Water supply is computed gdbd_index_e.html from runoff (R), the water available to flow across the landscape from a particular location, and is calculated as Resolution 1 sq. km the remainder of precipitation (P) after evapotranspira- tion (ET) and change in soil moisture storage (∆S) are accounted for (i.e., R = P – ET – ∆S). The runoff data is FRESHWATER WITHDRAWAL VARIABLE courtesy of NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Infor- BY COUNTRY mation Services Center’s Global Land Data Assimilation Author P. H. Gleick System Version 2 NOAH land surface model for the years 1950 to 2008.5 The World's Water Volume 7: Title The Biennial Report on Freshwater The remainder of this document contains the definitions, Resources, Island Press formulas, and data specifications for the Aqueduct Water Year of publication 2011 Risk Atlas global maps. URL http://www.worldwater.org/data.html Resolution Country 2 | Aqueduct Global Maps 2.0 Data Sources VARIABLE GRIDDED POPULATION VARIABLE IRRIGATED AGRICULTURAL AREAS Food and Agriculture Organization of the Center for International Earth Science Author Information Network (CIESIN), Colum- United Nations (FAO) Authors bia University; United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); and Centro Title FAOSTAT Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) Year of publication 2009 Gridded Population of the World Version Title 3 (GPWv3): Population Count Grid, Future Time covered in analysis 2009 Estimates URL http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html Year of publication 2005 Resolution Country Time covered in analysis 2005 URL http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw Resolution 2.5 arc minute raster VARIABLE AREA EQUIPPED FOR IRRIGATION Authors K. Freydank and S. Siebert Towards Mapping the Extent of Irriga- VARIABLE NIGHTTIME LIGHTS Title tion in the Last Century: Time Series of NOAA National Geophysical Data Center Irrigated Area per Country Author (NGDC) Year of publication 2008 Version 4 DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights Title Time Series Time covered in analysis 1990– 2003 Year of publication 2010 http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/ URL frontdoor/index/index/docId/5916 Time covered in analysis 2000 Resolution Country http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dmsp/down- URL loadV4composites.html Resolution 30 arc second raster GDP, POPULATION, AGRICULTURAL VARIABLE LAND, URBAN POPULATION, CO2 EMISSIONS VARIABLE GloBAL IRRIGATION AREAS Author World Bank S. Siebert, P. Döll, S. Feick, J. Hoogeveen, Authors and K. Frenken Title World Development Indicators Title Global Map of Irrigation Areas Version 4.0.1 Year of publication 2011 http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/ Year of publication 2007 URL world-development-indicators Time covered in analysis 2000 Resolution Country http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/ir- URL rigationmap/index60.stm Resolution 5 arc minute raster WORKING PAPER | January 2013 | 3 Data Sources ELECTRICITY, TOTAL NET GENERA- WITHDRAWALS, PRECIPITATION, VARIABLE TION, REFINERY PROCESSING GAIN, VARIABLE TOTAL RENEWABLE WATER SUPPLY, COAL PRODUCTION IRRIGATED AREA U.S. Energy Information Administration Food and Agriculture Organization of the Author Author (EIA) United Nations (FAO) Title International Energy Statistics Title FAO AQUASTAT http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/ URL Year of publication 2011 dbase/index.stm http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/ URL Date Accessed May 24, 2012 IEDIndex3.cfm Resolution Country Resolution Country Total Withdrawal 4 | Aqueduct Global Maps 2.0 CONSUMPTIVE AND Data Sources NON-CONSUMPTIVE USE
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