DOCSLIB.ORG

By Placing Its Thumb on the Scale of Competition, the Commission by This

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

....@-- by placing its thumb on the scale of competition, the Commission by this Rule has distorted and restricted competition in other ways affecting pro­ gram producers, syndicators, independent stations, new networks, and network affiliates. The Rule has come to be seen largely as a measure to promote the fortunes of independent and UHF stations. The evidence shows that today many independent stations are more profitable than affiliates. Further, UHF affil­ iates of ABC, CBS and NBC are victims of the Rule, yet on average are fi­ nancially weaker than UHF independents, intended beneficiaries of the Rule. Furthermore, any "handicapII affecting independent UHF stations in the past has been reduced or eliminated, due to forces other than PTAR. The economic costs, penalties, restrictions and consumer harms caused by PTAR cannot be justified by an increase in diversity, because PTAR has not increased diversity. The number of outlets for local broadcast programming is unchanged by the Rule. The number of sources of programming avail­ able to those outlets is reduced by the terms of the Rule. There is no basis to believe that the Rule enhances the diversity of prime-time broadcast program content (or the variety of viewpoints), and there are some reasons to believe that diversity has been reduced. In any event, the flowering of new media alternatives makes irrelevant whatever marginal change in broadcast network affiliate content diversity, if any, can be attributed to the Rule. ECONOMISTS INCORPORATED - 65- Appendix A Data tables Table A-I Prime-time shares by season 1964/65 to 1993/94 Date ABC CBS NBC Fox 1964/65 31.3 31.5 31.3 1965/66 29.5 33.3 32.2 1966/67 28.8 32.9 32.3 1967/68 27.5 34.0 31.4 1968/69 26.0 33.1 33.0 1969/70 26.7 32.3 32.2 1970/71 27.8 31.3 31.3 1971/72 29.5 32.6 31.1 1972/73 28.2 32.0 30.9 1973/74 28.4 33.8 30.0 1974/75 26.8 33.8 32.3 1975/76 31.1 32.2 29.1 1976/77 34.4 29.9 29.0 1977/78 33.4 30.3 29.2 1978/79 34.0 30.1 27.4 1979/80 31.4 31.3 27.8 1980/81 28.7 31.3 26.2 1981/82 28.8 30.3 24.2 1982/83 27.9 28.7 23.8 1983/84 27.1 28.4 23.5 1984/85 24.4 26.7 25.6 1985/86 23.4 26.2 27.5 1986/87 22.4 25.1 28.2 7.3 1987/88 22.5 22.0 26.2 5.9 1988/89 21.0 20.8 25.6 8.9 1989/90 21.5 20.2 24.1 10.6 1990/91 20.8 20.5 21.1 10.5 1991/92 19.9 22.6 20.2 13.0 1992/93 20.3 21.8 18.0 12.4 1993/94 20.1 22.7 17.8 11.4 Source: ABC Affiliate Relations, based on NIELSEN TELEVISION INDEX (various years), network season. ECONOMISTS INCORPORATED - 66- Table A-2 Fox affiliates in the V.S. Year Number 1987 106 1988 115 1989 125 1990 131 1991 134 1992 140 1993 139 1994 141 1994 (Sept.) 199 Source: Fox Broadcasting Company, May of year noted. Fox began to include its secondary affiliates in September 1994. Table-----A-3 dent commercial stations in the-----,V.S. Number Number Number 25 69 160 26 73 186 28 75 214 29 77 255 32 79 293 36 84 310 41 89 321 50 94 339 58 106 345 59 113 355 62 135 422 438 Source: INTV. All data through 1991 are year-end. The 1992 figure is from March 1993. The 1993 figure is from February 1994. ECONOMISTS INCORPORATED - 67- ~-- Table A-4 Low-power television stations in the U.S. Fiscal year Number 1988 523 1989 726 1990 935 1991 1085 1992 1211 1993 1310 Source: FCC Annual Report to Congress. The low-power television service was established March 4, 1982. Table A-5 Cable networks in the U.S. Regional networkst Year Total 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 18 1986 20 1987 24 1988 30 1989 37 1990 37 1991 39 1992 41 1993 42 1994* 43 Source: NCTA, CABLE TELEVISION DEVELOPMENfS Fall 1994. *1994 data are through September. tTELEVISION & CABLE FACTBOOK, SERVICES (various years). ECONOMISTS INCORPORATED - 68- ~-...,,-- Table A-6 Cable service in the U.S. Homes Year Whouse- Homes Cable subs passed per Cable subs holds passed 1VHH per1VHH (millions) (millions) (millions) (percentage) 1975 68.5 21.8 9.8 31.8 14.3 1976 71.2 23.1 11.8 32.4 16.6 1977 72.9 24.2 12.6 33.2 17.3 1978 74.5 26.8 14.2 36.0 19.1 1979 76.3 29.3 15.8 38.4 20.7 1980 79.9 34.9 19.2 43.7 24.0 1981 81.3 41.8 23.0 51.4 28.3 1982 81.9 49.5 27.5 60.4 33.6 1983 83.3 55.9 31.4 67.1 37.7 1984 84.9 60.5 34.2 71.3 40.3 1985 86.5 64.7 36.7 74.8 42.4 1986 87.7 69.4 39.7 79.2 45.3 1987 89.2 73.1 42.6 81.9 47.8 1988 90.9 77.2 45.7 85.0 50.3 1989 91.6 82.8 49.3 90.4 53.8 1990 90.9 86.0 51.7 94.7 57.0 1991 92.0 88.4 53.4 96.1 58.1 1992 93.1 89.4 55.2 96.1 59.3 1993 93.9 90.6 57.2 96.5 60.9 1994 94.9 91.6 59.0 96.5 62.0 Source: KAGANMEDIAINDEX,]an.ll, 1995, at 7,14; Feb. 26,1993, at 2. ECONOMISTS INCORPORATED - 69- Table A-7 Households subscribing to video programming through backyard dishes, SMATv and MMDS (ill IIlilliolls) Year Backyard dishes SMATV MMDS (wireless) 1983 0.5 1984 0.4 0.4 1985 0.5 0.3 1986 0.1 0.6 0.3 1987 0.3 0.7 0.2 1988 0.4 0.7 0.2 1989 0.6 0.8 0.1 1990 0.7 0.8 0.2 1991 0.8 0.9 0.2 1992 0.9 0.9 0.3 1993 1.4 1.0 0.4 1994 2.1 1.1 0.6 Source: KAGAN MEDIA INDEX, Jan. 11, 1995, at 7, 14. Table A-8 U.S. video cassette expellditures (consumer rentals and sales ill millions of dollars) Households Household Household Year with VCRs video cassette video cassette (millions) ex nditures rental revenue 1983 9.4 218 1,065 1984 16.9 381 1,827 1985 27.5 656 2,910 1986 38.1 853 4,173 1987 47.6 1,108 5,245 1988 55.3 1,591 6,377 1989 61.3 2,258 7,052 1990 66.0 2,829 7,616 1991 71.2 3,229 7,770 1992 76.1 3,739 8,230 1993 80.5 4,386 8,840 1994 84.5 5,008 9,389 Source: KAGAN MEDIA INDEX, Dec. 29, 1994 at 14, Jan. 11, 1995 at 7. ECONOMISTS INCORPORATED - 70- ....i-- Table A-9 Average ABC, CBS and NBC shares of all dayparts by season Cable SlB.ul 1bIBl Basi; 1980/81 3 1 2 1981/82 9 4 5 1982/83 9 4 5 1983/84 11 6 5 1984/85 14 8 6 1985/86 13 8 5 1986/87 19 13 6 1987/88 22 15 7 1988/89 24 17 7 1989/90 27 21 6 1990/91 30 24 6 1991/92 30 24 6 1992/93 30 25 5 1993/94 31 26 5 0 Sources: NIELSEN TELEVISION INDEX for 1980/81 and 1981/82. CABLETELEVISION ADVERTISING BUREAU, INC., CABLE TV FACTS, 1984-1995, (based on NIELSEN TELEVISION INDEX) for 1982/83 through 1993/1994 data. Notes: Shares are not equivalent to percentages ofTVHH and sum to more than 100 percent because some households operate more than one TV set at a time. Independents excludes superstations, and includes Fox affiliates. TBS is counted as a basic cable network starting 1989/90. Superstation WWOR is included in Independents and superstation WGN is included as a basic cable network starting 1992/93. ECONOMISTS INCORPORATED - 71- ••1, _ Table A-tO Average ABC, CBS and NBC shares of U.S. national television advertising revenue ($ figures in millions) Net. as % Year oftotal 1970 57.3 1971 58.2 1972 57.8 1973 58.8 1974 58.9 1975 58.7 1976 57.0 1977 61.1 1978 60.4 1979 61.5 1980 60.4 1981 58.6 1982 56.7 1983 56.3 1984 56.6 1985 53.1 1986 51.5 1987 50.4 1988 50.5 1989 48.1 1990 46.6 1991 46.0 1992 45.8 1993 7,793 2,380 43.7 Source: TELEVISION BUREAU OF ADVERTISING, TRENDS IN GDP AD VOLUME, 1960-1993. * National Cable data are from VERONIS, SUHLER & ASSOCIATES, COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY FORECAST, 1994. **Indudes Fox. ECONOMISTS INCORPORATED - 72- Table A-II Average ABC, CBS and NBC shares of prime-time entertainment series broadcast Network in-house productions as share of broadcast hours (percentage) Season ABC CBS NBC 1969/70 0.00 1.85 1.78 1970/71 0.00 2.75 1.87 1971/72 0.00 2.40 3.11 1972/73 0.00 2.59 0.83 1973/74 0.00 3.38 0.00 1974/75 0.00 2.49 2.49 1975/76 0.00 2.27 0.00 1976/77 0.00 3.38 2.09 1977/78 0.00 0.00 2.59 1978/79 0.00 2.10 4.62 1979/80 0.00 1.07 5.22 1980/81 0.00 0.00 3.80 1981/82 0.00 0.00 8.11 1982/83 0.00 0.00 2.68 1983/84 0.00 0.00 0.46 1984/85 0.67 0.00 1.91 1985/86 2.13 2.29 0.99 1986/87 2.24 0.55 0.19 1987/88 1.79 0.99 0.73 1988/89 0.79 0.00 0.00 1989/90 0.88 4.37 3.87 1990/91 2.46 7.04 1.83 1991/92 4.05 7.74 1.89 1992/93 6.31 8.57 9.40 1993/94 4.78 10.85 7.03 Source: Appendix E.
Recommended publications
  • Sun Devil Legends

    Sun Devil Legends

    SUN DEVIL LEGENDS over North Carolina. Local sports historians point to that game as the introduction of Arizona State Frank Kush football to the national scene. Five years later, the Sun Devils again capped an undefeated season by ASU Coach, 1958-1979 downing Nebraska, 17-14. The win gave ASU a No. In 1955, Hall of Fame coach Dan Devine hired 2 national ranking for the year, and ushered ASU Frank Kush as one of his assistants at Arizona into the elite of college football programs. State. It was his first coaching job. Just three years • The success of Arizona State University football later, Kush succeeded Devine as head coach. On under Frank Kush led to increased exposure for the December 12, 1995 he joined his mentor and friend university through national and regional television in the College Football Hall of Fame. appearances. Evidence of this can be traced to the Before he went on to become a top coach, Frank fact that Arizona State’s enrollment increased from Kush was an outstanding player. He was a guard, 10,000 in 1958 (Kush’s first season) to 37,122 playing both ways for Clarence “Biggie” Munn at in 1979 (Kush’s final season), an increase of over Michigan State. He was small for a guard; 5-9, 175, 300%. but he played big. State went 26-1 during Kush’s Recollections of Frank Kush: • One hundred twenty-eight ASU football student- college days and in 1952 he was named to the “The first three years that I was a head coach, athletes coached by Kush were drafted by teams in Look Magazine All-America team.
  • Consolidated National Subscription TV Share and Reach National Share and Reach Report

    Consolidated National Subscription TV Share and Reach National Share and Reach Report

    Consolidated National Subscription TV Share and Reach National Share and Reach Report - Subscription TV Homes only Week 28 2021 (04/07/2021 - 10/07/2021) 18:00 - 23:59 Total Individuals - Including Guests Channel Share Of Viewing Reach Weekly 000's % TOTAL PEOPLE ABC TV 5.3 1486 ABC Kids/ABC TV Plus 0.8 618 ABC ME 0.2 156 ABC NEWS 0.7 522 Seven + AFFILIATES 16.0 2619 7TWO + AFFILIATES 1.4 537 7mate + AFFILIATES 1.3 742 7flix + AFFILIATES 0.5 423 Nine + AFFILIATES* 19.0 2978 GO + AFFILIATES* 0.9 628 Gem + AFFILIATES* 1.8 859 9Life + AFFILIATES* 0.5 275 9Rush + AFFILIATES* 0.2 133 10 + AFFILIATES* 6.7 1840 10 Bold + AFFILIATES* 1.3 377 10 Peach + AFFILIATES* 1.1 556 10 Shake + AFFILIATES* 0.1 147 Sky News on WIN + AFFILIATES* 0.2 187 SBS 3.8 1176 SBS VICELAND 0.5 520 SBS Food 0.3 381 NITV 0.1 159 SBS World Movies 0.3 329 A&E 0.4 289 A&E+2 0.1 158 Animal Planet 0.3 214 BBC Earth 0.3 248 BBC First 0.3 263 beIN SPORTS 1 0.0 89 beIN SPORTS 2 0.0 51 beIN SPORTS 3 0.0 76 Boomerang 0.2 69 BoxSets 0.0 61 Cartoon Network 0.0 31 CBeebies 0.1 131 Club MTV 0.0 88 CMT 0.0 65 crime + investigation 0.7 277 Discovery Channel 1.1 605 Discovery Channel+2 0.2 226 Discovery Turbo 0.3 205 Discovery Turbo+2 0.1 141 DreamWorks 0.0 39 E! 0.2 212 E! +2 0.0 146 ESPN 0.1 225 ESPN2 0.1 159 FOX Arena 0.5 410 FOX Arena+2 0.1 113 FOX Classics 1.0 478 FOX Classics+2 0.2 213 Excludes Tasmania *Affiliation changes commenced July 1, 2021.
  • Media Ownership Chart

    Media Ownership Chart

    In 1983, 50 corporations controlled the vast majority of all news media in the U.S. At the time, Ben Bagdikian was called "alarmist" for pointing this out in his book, The Media Monopoly . In his 4th edition, published in 1992, he wrote "in the U.S., fewer than two dozen of these extraordinary creatures own and operate 90% of the mass media" -- controlling almost all of America's newspapers, magazines, TV and radio stations, books, records, movies, videos, wire services and photo agencies. He predicted then that eventually this number would fall to about half a dozen companies. This was greeted with skepticism at the time. When the 6th edition of The Media Monopoly was published in 2000, the number had fallen to six. Since then, there have been more mergers and the scope has expanded to include new media like the Internet market. More than 1 in 4 Internet users in the U.S. now log in with AOL Time-Warner, the world's largest media corporation. In 2004, Bagdikian's revised and expanded book, The New Media Monopoly , shows that only 5 huge corporations -- Time Warner, Disney, Murdoch's News Corporation, Bertelsmann of Germany, and Viacom (formerly CBS) -- now control most of the media industry in the U.S. General Electric's NBC is a close sixth. Who Controls the Media? Parent General Electric Time Warner The Walt Viacom News Company Disney Co. Corporation $100.5 billion $26.8 billion $18.9 billion 1998 revenues 1998 revenues $23 billion 1998 revenues $13 billion 1998 revenues 1998 revenues Background GE/NBC's ranks No.
  • FCC-06-11A1.Pdf

    FCC-06-11A1.Pdf

    Federal Communications Commission FCC 06-11 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition ) MB Docket No. 05-255 in the Market for the Delivery of Video ) Programming ) TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT Adopted: February 10, 2006 Released: March 3, 2006 Comment Date: April 3, 2006 Reply Comment Date: April 18, 2006 By the Commission: Chairman Martin, Commissioners Copps, Adelstein, and Tate issuing separate statements. TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Scope of this Report......................................................................................................................... 2 B. Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. The Current State of Competition: 2005 ................................................................................... 4 2. General Findings ....................................................................................................................... 6 3. Specific Findings....................................................................................................................... 8 II. COMPETITORS IN THE MARKET FOR THE DELIVERY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING ......... 27 A. Cable Television Service ..............................................................................................................
  • Foxtel in 2016

    Foxtel in 2016

    Media Release: Thursday November 5, 2015 Foxtel in 2016 In 2016, Foxtel viewers will see the return of a huge range of their favourite Australian series, with the stellar line-up bolstered by a raft of new commissions and programming across drama, lifestyle, factual and entertainment. Foxtel Executive Director of Television Brian Walsh said: “We are proud to announce the re- commission of such an impressive line-up of our returning Australian series, which is a testament to our production partners, creative teams and on air talent. In 2016, our subscribers will see all of their favourite Australian shows return to Foxtel, as well as new series we are sure will become hits with our viewers. “Our growing commitment to producing exclusive home-made signature programming for our subscribers will continue in 2016, with more Australian original series than ever before. Our significant investment in acquisitions will also continue, giving Foxtel viewers the biggest array of overseas series available in Australia. “In 2016 we will make it even easier for our subscribers to enjoy Foxtel. Our on demand Foxtel Anytime offering will continue to be the driving force behind the most comprehensive nationwide streaming service available to all customers as part of their package. Over the next year, Foxtel will provide its subscribers with more than 16,000 hours of programming, available anytime.” “To complement our outstanding on demand offering, our Box Sets channel is designed for our binge- watching viewers who want to watch or record full series of their favourite shows from Australia and around the world. It’s the only channel of its kind in our market and content on Box Sets will also increase next year, giving our subscribers even more freedom to watch what they want, when they want.” “Foxtel also continues to be the best movies destination in Australia.
  • Escuela Politécnica Nacional Facultad De Ingeniería Eléctrica Y Electrónica

    Escuela Politécnica Nacional Facultad De Ingeniería Eléctrica Y Electrónica

    ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA NACIONAL FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA Y ELECTRÓNICA DISEÑO DE LA CABECERA (HEAD END) DE UNA EMPRESA DE CATV PARA PROVEER TELEVISIÓN DE ALTA DEFINICIÓN (HDTV) EN LAS CIUDADES DE QUITO Y GUAYAQUIL UTILIZANDO UNA ARQUITECTURA REDUNDANTE PROYECTO PREVIO A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO EN ELECTRÓNICA Y TELECOMUNICACIONES LOAIZA FREIRE ALBERTO GABINO [email protected] DIRECTOR: ING. FERNANDO FLORES [email protected] Quito, Noviembre 2011 DECLARACIÓN Yo Alberto Gabino Loaiza Freire, declaró bajo juramento que el trabajo aquí descrito es de mi autoría; que no ha sido previamente presentado para ningún grado o calificación profesional; y, que he consultado las referencias bibliográficas que se incluyen en este documento. A través de la presente declaración cedo mis derechos de propiedad intelectual correspondientes a este trabajo, a la Escuela Politécnica Nacional, según lo establecido por la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, por su Reglamento y por la normatividad institucional vigente. Alberto Gabino Loaiza Freire CERTIFICACIÓN Certifico que el presente trabajo fue desarrollado por ALBERTO GABINO LOAIZA FREIRE, bajo mi supervisión. Ing. Fernando Flores DIRECTOR DE PROYECTO AGRADECIMIENTO A mi Esposa Daisy Elena por su ayuda y apoyo incondicional. Al Ing. Pablo Vega por su colaboración desinteresada para el desarrollo de este proyecto. Al Ing. Fernando Flores por su acertada guía durante la elaboración de este proyecto. A Grupo TVCable por el auspicio y el apoyo brindado en la realización de este proyecto. DEDICATORIA Se lo dedico muy especialmente al amor de mi vida, a la compañera de mi vida, a mi esposa Daisy Elena. Se lo dedico también a mi familia: a mi Madre que ha sido un ejemplo de vida, a mis hermanas Alex y Carla por el apoyo incondicional en todo momento, y a mi Padre por creer y confiar siempre en mí.
  • 2020 Q4 Closed Captioning Certifications

    2020 Q4 Closed Captioning Certifications

    235 E 45th Street New York, NY 10017 January 5, 2021 Re: AETN Networks — Certification of Compliance with Children’s Television Act of 1990 and Closed-Captioning Programming Laws 4th Quarter — October 1st, 2020 – December 31st, 2020 To Whom It May Concern: This letter shall serve as certification under the Children’s Television Act of 1990 (the “Act”) that for the respective quarter ended December 31st, 2020, A&E Television Networks, LLC (“AETN”) has been in compliance with the Act with respect to all of its networks (including in high definition). This letter shall also serve as certification that AETN has been in compliance with the closed-captioning requirements set forth in Section 79.1 of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, including Section 79.1(j)(2) with respect to its programming services for the quarter ended December 31st, 2020. A&E Television Networks, LLC is dedicated to providing the best programming and customer service possible. I can be reached at (646) 745-0043 or via email: [email protected] with any questions or concerns. We thank you for your business and wish you continued success. Regards, Pamala Steward Director Distribution Operations cc: S. Plasse Document Number: 213270 DocuSign Envelope ID: 0BF51361-D566-45F5-9EDF-9CD969FDFD80 January 27, 2021 Via Electronic Mail Brian Jones Vice President - Operations National Cable Television Cooperative, Inc. [email protected] Dear Brian Jones: Pursuant to Section 17(c) of the Agreement dated January 1, 2016 between National Cable Television Cooperative, Inc., on the one hand, and AMC Network Entertainment LLC (“AMCN”), WEtv LLC, IFC TV LLC, SundanceTV LLC, New Video Channel America, L.L.C.
  • The Crisis of Contemporary Arab Television

    The Crisis of Contemporary Arab Television

    UC Santa Barbara Global Societies Journal Title The Crisis of Contemporary Arab Television: Has the Move towards Transnationalism and Privatization in Arab Television Affected Democratization and Social Development in the Arab World? Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/13s698mx Journal Global Societies Journal, 1(1) Author Elouardaoui, Ouidyane Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Crisis of Contemporary Arab Television | 100 The Crisis of Contemporary Arab Television: Has the Move towards Transnationalism and Privatization in Arab Television Affected Democratization and Social Development in the Arab World? By: Ouidyane Elouardaoui ABSTRACT Arab media has experienced a radical shift starting in the 1990s with the emergence of a wide range of private satellite TV channels. These new TV channels, such as MBC (Middle East Broadcasting Center) and Aljazeera have rapidly become the leading Arab channels in the realms of entertainment and news broadcasting. These transnational channels are believed by many scholars to have challenged the traditional approach of their government–owned counterparts. Alternatively, other scholars argue that despite the easy flow of capital and images in present Arab television, having access to trustworthy information still poses a challenge due to the governments’ grip on the production and distribution of visual media. This paper brings together these contrasting perspectives, arguing that despite the unifying role of satellite Arab TV channels, in which national challenges are cast as common regional worries, democratization and social development have suffered. One primary factor is the presence of relationships forged between television broadcasters with influential government figures nationally and regionally within the Arab world.
  • How Cable News Reshaped Local Government$

    How Cable News Reshaped Local Government$

    How Cable News Reshaped Local GovernmentI Sergio Gallettay, Elliott Ashy yETH Zürich Abstract Partisan cable news broadcasts have a causal effect on the size and composition of bud- gets in U.S. localities. Utilizing channel positioning as an instrument for viewership, we show that exposure to the conservative Fox News Channel shrinks local government budgets, while liberal MSNBC enlarges them. Revenue changes are driven by shifts in property taxes, a key tool for local redistributive policy. Expenditure changes are driven by public hospital expenditures, an important discretionary public good provided by lo- cal governments. We also find evidence that Fox exposure increased privatization (while MSNBC decreased it). An analysis of mechanisms suggests that the results are driven by changes in voter preferences, but not by changes in partisan control of city governments. IWe are grateful to Stefano DellaVigna, Mirko Draca, Ruben Durante, Tore Ellingsen, Benny Geys, Massimo Morelli, Suresh Naidu, Giovanni Pica, Carlo Schwarz, Alex Stremitzer, and Alois Stutzer for helpful suggestions. We have also benefited from comments by participants at the "Causes and Consequences of Populism workshop" in Bocconi (Milan), "Workshop on Political Economy" at the IEB (Barcelona), "Swiss Workshop on Local Public Finance" (Lugano), "Petralia workshop" (Petralia), EEA-ESEM conference (Manchester) and seminars at the University of Lugano, ETH Zürich and IAE- CSIC (Barcelona). We are grateful to Christian Dippel for sharing his data on city elections and to Greg Martin for sharing data on Nielsen ratings. David Cai, Romina Jafarian, Selina Lorusso, and Matteo Pinna provided excellent research assistance. This version: September 2019 (First version: April 2019) ∗Corresponding author: Sergio Galletta.
  • Handbook of Sports and Media

    Handbook of Sports and Media

    Job #: 106671 Author Name: Raney Title of Book: Handbook of Sports & Media ISBN #: 9780805851892 HANDBOOK OF SPORTS AND MEDIA LEA’S COMMUNICATION SERIES Jennings Bryant/Dolf Zillmann, General Editors Selected titles in Communication Theory and Methodology subseries (Jennings Bryant, series advisor) include: Berger • Planning Strategic Interaction: Attaining Goals Through Communicative Action Dennis/Wartella • American Communication Research: The Remembered History Greene • Message Production: Advances in Communication Theory Hayes • Statistical Methods for Communication Science Heath/Bryant • Human Communication Theory and Research: Concepts, Contexts, and Challenges, Second Edition Riffe/Lacy/Fico • Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research, Second Edition Salwen/Stacks • An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research HANDBOOK OF SPORTS AND MEDIA Edited by Arthur A.Raney College of Communication Florida State University Jennings Bryant College of Communication & Information Sciences The University of Alabama LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS Senior Acquisitions Editor: Linda Bathgate Assistant Editor: Karin Wittig Bates Cover Design: Tomai Maridou Photo Credit: Mike Conway © 2006 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. Copyright © 2006 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of sports and media/edited by Arthur A.Raney, Jennings Bryant. p. cm.–(LEA’s communication series) Includes bibliographical references and index.
  • Challenging ESPN: How Fox Sports Can Play in ESPN's Arena

    Challenging ESPN: How Fox Sports Can Play in ESPN's Arena

    Challenging ESPN: How Fox Sports can play in ESPN’s Arena Kristopher M. Gundersen May 1, 2014 Professor Richard Linowes – Kogod School of Business University Honors Spring 2014 Gundersen 1 Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship ESPN has with the sports broadcasting industry. The study focuses on future prospects for the industry in relation to ESPN and its most prominent rival Fox Sports. It introduces significant players in the market aside from ESPN and Fox Sports and goes on to analyze the current industry conditions in the United States and abroad. To explore the future conditions for the market, the main method used was a SWOT analysis juxtaposing ESPN and Fox Sports. Ultimately, the study found that ESPN is primed to maintain its monopoly on the market for many years to come but Fox Sports is positioned well to compete with the industry behemoth down the road. In order to position itself alongside ESPN as a sports broadcasting power, Fox Sports needs to adjust its time horizon, improve its bids for broadcast rights, focus on the personalities of its shows, and partner with current popular athletes. Additionally, because Fox Sports has such a strong regional persona and presence outside of sports, it should leverage the relationship it has with those viewers to power its national network. Gundersen 2 Introduction The world of sports is a fast-paced and exciting one that attracts fanatics from all over. They are attracted to specific sports as a whole, teams within a sport, and traditions that go along with each sport.
  • Annual Report 2007 Creating and Distributing Top-Quality News, Sports and Entertainment Around the World

    Annual Report 2007 Creating and Distributing Top-Quality News, Sports and Entertainment Around the World

    Annual Report 2007 Creating and distributing top-quality news, sports and entertainment around the world. News Corporation As of June 30, 2007 Filmed Entertainment WJBK Detroit, MI Latin America United States KRIV Houston, TX Cine Canal 33% Fox Filmed Entertainment KTXH Houston, TX Telecine 13% Twentieth Century Fox Film KMSP Minneapolis, MN Australia and New Zealand Corporation WFTC Minneapolis, MN Premium Movie Partnership 20% Fox 2000 Pictures WTVT Tampa Bay, FL Fox Searchlight Pictures KSAZ Phoenix, AZ Cable Network Programming Fox Atomic KUTP Phoenix, AZ United States Fox Music WJW Cleveland, OH FOX News Channel Twentieth Century Fox Home KDVR Denver, CO Fox Cable Networks Entertainment WRBW Orlando, FL FX Twentieth Century Fox Licensing WOFL Orlando, FL Fox Movie Channel and Merchandising KTVI St. Louis, MO Fox Regional Sports Networks Blue Sky Studios WDAF Kansas City, MO (15 owned and operated) (a) Twentieth Century Fox Television WITI Milwaukee, WI Fox Soccer Channel Fox Television Studios KSTU Salt Lake City, UT SPEED Twentieth Television WBRC Birmingham, AL FSN Regency Television 50% WHBQ Memphis, TN Fox Reality Asia WGHP Greensboro, NC Fox College Sports Balaji Telefilms 26% KTBC Austin, TX Fox International Channels Latin America WUTB Baltimore, MD Big Ten Network 49% Canal Fox WOGX Gainesville, FL Fox Sports Net Bay Area 40% Asia Fox Pan American Sports 38% Television STAR National Geographic Channel – United States STAR PLUS International 75% FOX Broadcasting Company STAR ONE National Geographic Channel – MyNetworkTV STAR