w•ngedTeal, +, EuropeanWlgeon, +, Turkey House Finch, Am Goldfinch and Whtte- lngblrd has steadily tncreased,perhaps the Vulture, +, Cooper'sHawk, +, Am Kestrel, crowned Sparrow were seen on all trips. the latter becauseot tncreaslngavadabfllty of +, SpottedDove, +; Varied Thrush, +; Her- Am. Wigeon on 9 trips. Two Brazilian Car- Toyon, Cotoneasterand Pyracanthaspecies. mlt Thrush, +; Brazilian Cardinal, +; Purple dinals are now resident at the nature center. --DOROTHY D. R YPKA, Dept. of Bioh•g.v, Finch, +. AverageTotal: 495 (1439/km2, 582/ Since 1971, the W. Meadowlark has decreased CaliforniaSt. Univ., Long Beachand 16818S. 100 acres). Remarks: Speciestotal: 50. The and this year did not appear,while the Mock- Betty Avenue, Cerritos, CA 90701.
Forty-third Breeding Bird Census
Edited by Willet T. Van Velzen
List of Censuses
State or Hec- Birds per Hrs. Spe- Yrs. qf Habitat Province tares sq. km. Ohs. cies Study
A. Eastern-Deciduous Forest 1 SugarMaple Forest New Brunswick 10.5 467 22 16 1 2 Birch-Maple-Oak Forest Connecticut 13.9 603 18 32 4 3 Second-growthHardwood Forest Connecticut 10.1 979 14 36 13 4 Maple-Oak Forest New York 72.8 486 45 69 3 5 YoungRed Maple-Gray Birch Forest New York 8.1 1198 12 38 4 6 YoungWhite Ash-BasswoodForest New York 8.1 1149 11 33 4 7 Mature DeciduousFloodplain Forest Maryland 7.6 909 37 24 27 8 Mixed Hardwood Forest Maryland 11.3 1218 22 46 19 9 Mixed Upland Habitat Dist. of Columbia 14.2 713 31 21 20 10 Beech-Tulip-tree-BasswoodForest West Virginia 6.1 527 10 16 1 11 Hemlock-BlackCherry-Birch Forest West Virginia 6.1 380 12 18 1 12 Maple-Cherry-BirchForest West Virginia 6.1 313 9 20 1 13 Maple-Tulip-tree-Red Oak Forest West Virginia 6.1 659 8 20 1 14 Oak-Beech-Tulip-treeForest WestVirginia 6.1 708 14 17 1 15 Oak Forest West Virginia 6.1 280 14 13 1 16 Red Oak Forest West Virginia 6.1 486 13 20 1 17 Red Maple-BlackGum-Mixed Hardwoods Virginia 10.1 623 37 16 2 18 Upland Oak-Hickory Forest Virginia 11.0 854 71 22 7 19 Upland Tulip-tree-Oak Forest Virginia 20.6 228 11 19 6 20 FloodplainForest North Carolina 13.0 481 19 20 3 21 Mixed Deciduous Forest North Carolina 12.6 582 23 26 4 22 HardwoodSwamp Forest South Carolina 8.1 1483 40 29 1 23 Virgin HardwoodSwamp Forest South Carolina 8.9 1634 40 28 1 24 LargetoothAspen-Sugar Maple Forest* Ontario 10.0 310 18 20 1 25 Red Oak-SugarMaple Savannah Ontario 7.5 1316 35 18 1 26 WoodedCity Ravine Ontario 20.0 210 21 16 10 27 AspenForest (19 Yr.) Minnesota 7.1 282 10 15 1 28 Birch-Elm-Ash Forest Minnesota 8.7 1529 18 22 1 29 Mature Aspen-NorthernHardwoods Forest Minnesota 12.5 392 16 23 2 30 Young Aspen Forest Minnesota 6.4 331 13 17 1 31 UplandMaple-Oak Forest Wisconsin 5.4 260 11 13 3 32 Mature Mixed Hardwood Forest Michigan 9.3 779 15 24 6 33 Oak-Hickory-Maple Forest Illinois 13.0 293 15 25 4 34 Black Oak-Sassafras Woods Indiana 22.2 203 64 19 6 35 Mixed HardwoodRegenerating Ohio 20.2 282 22 34 4 36 NeotomaValley Ohio 20.2 465 115 37 2 37 Virgin Beech-MapleForest Ohio 6.1 840 32 24 6 38 Green Ash-Box-elder Forest Manitoba 15.0 943 25 22 1 39 River Bottom Forest Manitoba 14.0 543 24 23 3 40 CottonwoodFloodplain I North Dakota 19.0 668 37 28 1 41 CottonwoodFloodplain II North Dakota 13.0 886 34 26 1 42. Ash-Cottonwood Draw North Dakota 3.0 868 10 9 1 43 Ash-Elm Hardwood Draw North Dakota 2.9 1027 10 14 1 44. DeciduousFloodplain Forest Oklahoma 6.7 1637 78 26 1
Volume34, Number 1 41 State or Hec- Btrdsper Hrs Spe- Yrs of Habttat Province tares sq. kin. Obs. ctes Study
B. Eastern-Conlferous-Deeiduous(Mixed} 45. Maple-Pine-OakSecond-growth Forest Massachusetts 11.8 402 30 23 4 46. Climax Hemlock-White Pine Forest Connecticut 10.5 950 16 40 13 47. White Pine-Hemlock-Northern Hardwoods Forest Connecticut 10.3 748 58 30 1 4.0 374 23 12 1 48. Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Barrens New York 9.7 362 29 7 3 49. Second-growthOak-pitch Pine Forest New York 9.3 484 28 10 3 50. UplandMixed Pine-Spruce-HardwoodPlantation New York 16.6 564 20 34 6 51. Pitch Pine-Oak Forest I* New Jersey 13.8 458 50 20 1 52. Pitch Pine-Oak Forest II* New Jersey 6.1 535 32 12 1 53. Mixed Oak-Pine Forest I Pennsylvania 6.0 476 16 22 3 54. Mixed Oak-Pine Forest II Pennsylvania 11.0 421 17 26 3 55. Central Hardwood Forest with Scattered Pine Dist. of Columbia 26.3 232 57 22 20 56. Hemlock-White Pine-Mixed Hardwood Forest Virginia 6.1 544 20 11 1 57. Hemlock-Cedar-Pineand Aspen-Birch Forests* Ontario 10.0 435 22 29 1 58. White Pine-White Birch Coniferous Forest Ontario 8.4 417 23 31 1 59. TamarackBog and Hardwood Michigan 8.5 288 8 20 4 60. Mixed Hardwood and Hemlock Ravines Ohio 4.9 597 12 30 2
C. Eastern-Coniferous 61. Red SpruceForest New Brunswick 11.3 1151 35 21 1 62. Upland ScotchPine Plantation New York 9.3 800 16 20 11 63. Red Pine Plantation Connecticut 8.5 500 10 31 2 64. Mature LongleafPine Forest Georgia 58.3 410 69 45 1 65. SlashPine-Cypress Mosaic Florida 40.0 121 22 18 1 66. Jack Pine Forest Ontario 6.6 311 24 11 1 67. Pine Plantation Indiana 7.8 499 32 23 1 68. Red Pine Plantation Minnesota 11.5 381 15 22 1 69. Red Cedar Coulee North Dakota 1.5 455 7 4 1
D. Eastern-Mixed Habitats 70. LandscapedPark Area New Brunswick 22.5 371 28 29 1 71. Mixed UplandHabitat and Swamp Connecticut 14.2 240 15 22 12 72. Upland BrushyPasture Connecticut 8.5 1206 16 35 13 73. Deciduous Forest with Pond and Brook New Jersey 16.2 327 11 30 16 74. BrushyField and WoodedEdge Pennsylvania 7.5 498 20 21 2 75. Mixed UplandHabitat Pennsylvania 7.8 1158 24 26 3 76. RusticCamping Area West Virginia 7.3 446 17 32 1 77. City Ravine Ontario 20.9 330 39 27 1 78. OpenElectrical Transmission Corridor Ontario 7.0 707 17 22 1 79. Red Oak-American Basswood Savannah Ontario 7.5 1089 32 16 1 80. Transitional Mixed Forest-Field Ontario 6.1 1063 44 26 1 81. DisturbedOak-Hickory Forest, Pine stand, Edge, and Pond Ohio 14.2 628 20 38 41 82. Suburban Cemetery Indiana 5.9 912 24 20 2 83. Deciduous Clearcut Tennessee 20.2 393 16 19 5 84. DeciduousForest and Contour Strip Mine Tennessee 23.4 395 17 35 2 85. Mixed-MesophyticWoods, Fields and Brush Tennessee 30.0 319 51 44 3 86. Strip Mine and DeciduousWoodlot Tennessee 20.1 234 15 22 2 87. Deciduous Clearcut Georgia 6.9 363 18 10 3 88. AspenClearcut (6 Yr.) Minnesota 11.5 295 14 19 2 89. Mixed Wetlandwith Tamarack and AspenGroves, Shrubland and Fen Wisconsin 16.9 631 14 33 3
E. Central-Prairie 90. Kentucky Blue Grass Prairie North Dakota 4.9 154 3 9 8 91. Mixed Prairie I North Dakota 6.1 197 S S 1 92. Mixed Prairie II North Dakota 6.1 131 5 3 1 93. Mixed Prairie III North Dakota 6.1 148 S 6 1 94. SilverSage Flat I North Dakota 6.1 361 5 S 1 95. Silver SageFlat II North Dakota 6.1 328 S 6 1 96. Mixed Prairie I North Dakota 10.0 285 6 1S 8 97. Mixed Prairie II North Dakota 6.1 189 4 13 8 98. Mixed Prairie III North Dakota 6.1 82 4 8 8 99. Mixed Prairie IV North Dakota 6.1 66 3 5 8 100. Mixed Prairie V North Dakota 6.1 107 2 7 8 101. Mixed Prairie VIII North Dakota 8.7 195 S 12 4 102. Mixed Prairie North Dakota 4.1 49 8 5 1 103. FloodplainTallgrass Prairie Kansas 10.1 277 75 7 4 104. UnburnedTallgrass Prairie Kansas 25.2 79 8 11 1 105. AnnuallyBurned Tallgrass Prairie I Kansas 35.1 71 8 10 1 106. AnnuallyBurned Tallgrass Prairie II Kansas 12.2 147 6 11 1 107. UnburnedUpland TallgrassPrairie Kansas 38.6 91 14 10 1
F. Central-Disturbed Habitats 108. ImprovedPasture and Oak-Pine Forest Oklahoma 9.1 769 45 25 1
42 AmericanBirds, January 1080 State or Hec- Btrds per Hrs Yrs of Ha&tat Provtnce tares sq km Obs Study 109. Mixed Habitat-Disturbed Bottomland Oklahoma 40.5 321 35 39 8 110. Oak-Pine RavineForest with Clearings Oklahoma 7.4 959 58 22 1
G. Central-Shelter Belts 111. Mature (1946) Four-Row Belt Minnesota 0.7 3448 17 11 112. Mature (1948) Five-Row Belt Minnesota 0.7 9799 12 7 113. Mature (1949)Eight-Row Belt Minnesota 0.4 9232 8 7 114. Mature (1951) Three-Row Belt Minnesota 0.3 2780 6 6 115. Immature (1961) Nine-Row Belt Minnesota 0.8 3439 9 7 116. Immature (1966) Four-Row Belt Minnesota 0.3 7386 9 7 117. Immature (1974) Three-Row Belt Minnesota 0.2 2878 5 3
H. Western-Deciduous 118. FloodplainCottonwood Forest Colorado 9.7 1272 39 24 119. Gambcl'sOak-Mountain MahoganyWoodland Colorado 18.4 190 57 9 120. Deciduous Oak Woodland California 5.7 247 12 11 121. Sycamore-CoastLive Oak-RiparianWoodland California 6.2 1536 13 25
I. Western-Coniferous-Deciduous(Mixed) 122. Open AspenGrove-Scattered Conifers Colorado 14.0 489 30 33 4 123. PonderosaPine-Scrub Oak-Mr. MahoganyWoodland Colorado 9.1 334 60 10 12 124. Scrub Oak-Ponderosa Pine Association Colorado 8.0 301 35 10 1 125 Douglas-fir-Madrone-TanbarkOak Forest Oregon 7.5 730 16 17 1
J. Western-Coniferous 126 Ponderosa Pine I North Dakota 20.3 264 41 10 127 Ponderosa Pine II North Dakota 4.1 148 12 3 128 Pinyon-Juniper-PonderosaPine Ecotone New Mexico 15.0 147 20 15
K. Western-Mixed Habitats 129 RockyMountain Juniper-LimberPine-Grassland Montana 20.0 118 23 12 130 Scattered Mixed Coniferous Forest Oregon 32.4 120 22 11 131 Ghost Town, Orchards and Pastures Utah 24.3 346 27 32 132 Mixed-MesophyticCanyon Bottom New Mexico 12.1 548 34 24 133 Riparian Woodlandand Oak Savannah California 8.8 314 16 34 134 Semi-disturbedRiparian Woodland California 17.7 752 65 41 135 Suburban Nature Center California 34.4 423 40 19 136 Urban Woodland Park California 13.5 701 72 11
L. Western-Desert and Scrub 137 ShortgrassUplands-Relic Sagebrush Idaho 64.8 76 40 8 138 Desert Shrub Utah 64.8 93 50 16 139 PygmyForest-Chaparral Utah 16.2 315 21 21 140 Blue Grama-Rabbitbrush Grassland New Mexico 16.2 154 87 6 141 Alkali Sink Community* California 12.3 212 14 4 142 Creosotebush Scrub I California 25.5 9O 8 4 143 Creosotebush Scrub II California 25.5 157 8 5 144 Desert Scrub California 25.5 94 9 5 145 DesertRiparian-Freshwater Marsh and Ponds California 15.4 618 27 40 146 High DesertHot Springs California 33.2 21 10 5 147 High DesertReservoir and Shoreline California 31.9 356 15 18 148 High DesertSpring California 5.5 327 9 6 149 Joshua Tree Woodland California 26.3 103 8 8 150 Lower Sonoran Grassland* California 20.3 133 9 3 151 Ocotillo-Cholla California 16.2 225 33 10 152 Saltbush Scrub California 25.5 114 8 4 153 Coastal Scrub California 8.1 556 45 16 154 Disturbed Coastal Scrub A California 4.7 49O 91 15 155 Distrubed Coastal Scrub B California 8.1 432 84 17
M. Northern-Tundra and Taiga 156 Arctic Low Foothills Tundra Alaska 25.0 158 109 14 157 Inland Coastal Tundra Alaska 100.0 72 854 18 158 Wet Coastal Plain Tundra I Alaska 33.0 164 65 17 159 Wet Coastal Plain Tundra II Alaska 36.0 171 60 17 160 Wet Coastal Plain Tundra III Alaska 25.0 162 47 8 161 Wet Coastal Plain Tundra Alaska 100.0 126 1088 13 162 BorealMixedwood-24 Year UplandCutover* Ontario 9.0 833 23 23 163 Boreal Conifer-24 Year Lowland Cutover* Ontario 9.0 1517 19 21 164 BorealMixedwood-19 Year Upland Cutover* Ontario 9.0 1044 22 21 165 BorealMixedwood-19 Year LowerSlope Cutover* Ontario 9.0 2005 20 26 166 Boreal Conifer-19 Year Lowland Cutover* Ontario 9.0 1978 20 16 167 BorealMixedwood-17 Year Upland Cutover* Ontario 9.0 783 28 18 168 BorealMixedwood-17 Year LowerSlope Cutover* Ontario 9.0 1605 20 20
Volume34, Number 1 43 State or Hec- Btrds per mrs Spe- Yrs of Habttat Province tares sq km Obs ctes Study 18 1 169. BorealConifer-17 Year LowlandCutover* Ontario 9.0 1033 19 2O 21 1 170. BorealMixedwood-13 Year UplandCutover* Ontario 9.0 1194 22 17 1 171. BorealConifer-13 Year Lowland Cutover* Ontario 9.0 1778 22 22 1 172. BorealMixedwood-ll Year UplandCutover* Ontario 9.0 1167 22 13 1 173. BorealConifer-ll Year Lowland Cutover* Ontario 9.0 1022 24 20 1 174. BorealMixedwood-9 Year Upland Cutover* Ontario 9.0 1022 175. BorealMixedwood-9 Year Lowland Cutover* Ontario 9.0 850 19 18 1 27 30 1 176. BorealMixedwood-6 Year UplandCutover* Ontario 9.0 1694 11 17 1 177. BorealConifer-6 Year LowlandClearcut* Ontario 9.0 617 22 16 1 178. BorealMixedwood-5 Year UplandCutover* Ontario 9.0 1000 18 12 1 179. BorealMixedwood-5 Year LowlandCutover* Ontario 9.0 694 16 18 1 180. BorealMixedwood-3 Year UplandCutover* Ontario 9.0 783 28 14 1 181. Boreal Conifer-3 Year Lowland Cutover* Ontario 18.0 194 25 30 1 182. BorealMixedwood-Uncut Upland* Ontario 9.0 1511 11 15 1 183. Boreal Conifer-Uncut Lowland* Ontario 6.0 559 14.8 402 30 17 1 184. White SpruceForest Alberta 39.5 335 16 12 3 185. AspenForest Manitoba 16.0 231 20 14 1 186. AspenForest Manitoba
N. Weftands 18 15 13 187. ShrubbySwamp and Sedge Hummocks Connecticut 8.1 914 5 3 1 188. Calla-SedgeWetland Wisconsin 1.0 600 5 2 1 189. Cat-tail-Bur-reed Wetland Wisconsin 1.0 700 5 5 1 190. Sedge-Bogbean-MyricaWetland Wisconsin 1.0 1100 Wisconsin 1.0 750 5 3 1 191. Sedge-Bur-reedWetland 5 3 1 192. Sedge-CallaWetland Wisconsin 1.0 800 5 6 1 193. Sedge-Cat-tail-CallaWetland Wisconsin 1.0 950 1.0 1050 5 5 1 194. Sedge-Cat-tailWetland Minnesota Wisconsin 1.0 800 5 4 1 195. Sedge-Potentilla-Cat-tail-PhragmitesWetland 5 4 1 196. Sedge-PotentillaWetland I Wisconsin 1.0 800 Minnesota 1.0 500 5 2 1 197. Sedge-PotentillaWetland II 5 5 1 198. SedgeWetland I Wisconsin 1.0 950 1.0 350 5 1 1 199. SedgeWetland II Wisconsin 200. Bulrush and Cat-tail Marsh in Conifer Forest Montana 40.5 628 32 68 5 15 4 1 201. Cat-tail-Tule Marsh California 2.8 13,843 16 21 1 202. Diked Coastal Salt Marsh California 7.9 330 32 11 1 203. Freshwater Marsh California 20.0 213
O. FieIds and Cultivated Areas 7 13 1 204. Abandoned Field* Pennsylvania 6.0 342 6.0 442 10 14 2 8 16 6 205. Old Field Pennsylvania 7.1 394 5 6 5 206. Abandoned Turf Field Maryland 6.3 222 10 9 1 207. Grassland WestVirginia 6.1 297 208. Orchard Grass-Tall FescueMeadow Illinois 12.1 222 12 12 4 20 3 1 209. SoybeanField Indiana 23.3 21 16 1 210. EnglishWalnut Orchard California 4.1 1013
P. Residential 211. Small Town, Residentialand CommercialAreas New Brunswick 50.5 285 26 16 1 212. Village,Residential Ohio 12.1 412 90 16 1
Q. Late Reports 8.1 803 31 26 2 213. Oak-Hickory Forest I Kansas 214. Oak-Hickory ForestII Kansas 8.1 575 15 28 2 8.1 877 25 35 2 215. Oak-Hickory ForestIII Kansas 8.1 593 18 25 2 216. Oak-Hickory ForestIV Kansas 8.1 568 22 27 2 217. Oak-Hickory Forest V Kansas 8.1 507 20 25 2 218. Oak-Hickory ForestVI Kansas 219. Woodlandalong Stream on Prairie Kansas 12.4 647 18 34 2
*Count made in 1978
44 American Birds,January 1980 1. SUGAR MAPLE FOREST. -- Location: Flycatcherwhich was confined to the areas of 98 5 for a newhigh No newspecies or surpris- New Brunswick,Albert Co, in Fundy Nat'l closedcanopy and open understoryand Am ing changesThanks to Jim Cavanaugh-- Park, crossedby Maple GroveAuto Trail 1 ml Redstartwhich preferred the brushyopenings. ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hobson St., Sprmg- N of PointWolfe Rd; 45ø35'N,64ø5ø/W, NTS This studyis part of the Avifaunal Surveyof .fieM, Mass. 01109. map 21H/10W Alma. Continuity:New. Size: Fundy Nat'l Park, Parks Canada contract 10 S ha = 25.9 acres(rectangular, 525 m 261ø ARO 78-44. -- DAVID S. CHRISTIE and 4. MAPLE - OAK FOREST. -- Location: by 200 m 171ø with 100 m grid; compassand BRIAN DALZELL, New Brunswick Museum, New York; Ulster Co., JohnBurroughs Nature measuredrope). Descriptionof Plot: A single 277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, N.B. E2K Sanctuary,1 mi W of West Park; 41ø48'N,73 ø story,deciduous forest, very open beneath the 1E5. 58'W, Hyde Park Quadrangle, USGS. Con- main canopyexcept for a 2-3 acre area where tinuity: Established1977; 3 consecutiveyears porcupineshave killed about 40% of the trees. 2. BIRCH - MAPLE - OAK FOREST. -- Size: 72.8 ha = 180 acres.Description of Plot: A 15 ft widegravel road causeslittle break in Location: Connecticut; New London Co., 1 mi See AB 32:54 (1978). Weather: Normal the canopyalong its 1000 ft path acrossthe N-NW of intersection of state routes 161 and Coverage:Mar. 18; Apr. 1, 15; May 2, 10, 17, plot Area very well drained. A quantitative 156;40ø20'N, 72ø12'W, Niantic Quadrangle, 27-29, 31; June1-9, 11-15, 20, 28; July 10, 18, surveyof the vegetation,based on eight 0.1 USGS. Continuity: Established1976; 4 con- 0445-0800, EDT, and occasionallyat dusk acre circles,gave the followingresults: Trees secutiveyears. Size: 13.94 ha = 34.44 acres. Total man-hours: 45. Census: Black-and- 3-1n diameter and over, 382/acre; total basal Description of Plot: See AB 31:29 (1977). white Warbler, 30 (41, 17); Great CrestedFly- area 148.4ft2/acre. Species comprising 90% of Weather:April, May, andearly June were very catcher,25 (34, 14); Worm-eatingWarbler, 23 the total, followed by number of trees/acre, wet with below normal temperatures;late (32, 13); Red-eyedVireo, 21.5 (30, 12); Loui- relative density(%), relative dominance(%), June and Julywere very dry. Coverage:May siana Waterthrush, 18.5 (25, 10); Scarlet Tan- and frequency(%) were: SugarMaple (Acer 19, 26, 28; June 2, 9, 16. Total man-hours: ager, 16.5 (23, 9); Ovenbird, 14 (19, 8); E saccharum),284, 74, 79, 100; dead trees, 62, 17.5. Census:Veery, 9 (65, 26); Gray Catbird, WoodPewee, 13 (18, 7); Black-cappedChick- 16, 10, 100. Trees by diameter size class,fol- 6 (43, 17); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 6; Wood adee, 13; Wood Thrush, 12 (16, 7);.Blue-gray lowedby t•ees/acre,relative density (%), basal Thrush, 5 (36, 15); Black-and-white Warbler, Gnatcatcher,10 (14, 6); Blue Jay, 8.5 (12, 5), area (ft2/acre), and relative dominance (%): A 5; Canada Warbler, 5; Blue Jay, 4 (29, 12); Cardinal, 8.5; Chipping Sparrow, 8.5; Corn (3-6 in ), 118, 31, 12.9, 9; B (6-9 in.), 145, 38, Black-cappedChickadee, 4; Tufted Titmouse, Flicker, 8 (11, 4); N. Oriole, 7 (10, 4); Tufted 44 7, 30; C (9-12in.), 92, 24, SS.S,37; D (12-15 4; Corn. Flicker, 3 (22, 9); Great Crested Titmouse, 6.5 (9, 4); Winter Wren, 6.5; Brown in ), 20, 5, 20.2, 14; E (15-21 in.), 6, 2, 11.2, 8; Flycatcher, 3; Red-eyed Vireo, 3; Brown- Creeper,6 (8, 3); Black-billedCuckoo, 5 (7, 3), F (21-27 in.), 1, 0.3, 3.9, 3. Shrub stems/acre headed Cowbird, 3; E. Wood Pewee,2; Brown Downy Woodpecker, 5; Corn. Grackle, 5, 370(ranging from almost none in half the plot Thrasher,2; Worm-eatingWarbler, 2; Blue- IndigoBunting, 5; E. Phoebe,4 (5, 2); Willow to about 1500in the major openings)of which winged Warbler, 2; Com. Yellowthroat, 2; Flycatcher,3.5 (5, 2); Am. Robin, 3.5; Golden- Beech (Fagus grandO%lia)comprises 38%, ScarletTanager, 2; Ruffed Grouse,1; Mourn- wingedWarbler, 3.5; Corn.Yellowthroat, 3.5, SugarMaple 26%, Mountain Maple (A. spica- ing Dove, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy Red-wingedBlackbird, 3.5; Ruffed Grouse,3 turn)16%, and Striped Maple (A. pensylvanicum) Woodpecker,1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; (4, 2); Hairy Woodpecker,3; Cedar Waxwing, 14%, groundcover SS%, the principalspecies Am. Robin, 1; White-eyed Vireo, 1; Yellow- 3; Cerulean Warbler, 3; Brown-headed Cow- being SpinuloseShield-fern (Dryopteris aus- throated Vireo, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Am. Redstart, bird, 3; Pileated Woodpecker,2.5; Yellow- trtaca) cover 27%, Hay-scentedFern (Denn- 1; Red-winged Blackbird, 1; Rose-breasted billed Cuckoo, 2; Barn Swallow, 2; Yellow- staedtmpunctilobula), 7%, and Red Rasp- Grosbeak, 1; Great Horned Owl, +. Total: 32 throated Vireo, 2; Yellow Warbler, 2; N berry (Rubusidaeus) 7%. Canopycover 83%; species;84 territorial males or females(603/ Waterthrush, 2; Am. Redstart, 2; Rose- meancanopy height 59 ft (range52-72); mean km 2, 244/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found: breasted Grosbeak, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2, heightof canopybase 28 ft. Edge:Adjoined by Mourning Dove, 1; Rufous-sidedTowbee, 1. Black Duck, 1.5; White-breasted Nuthatch, similarvegetation on the N and SE but grad- The number of territorial males increased 1.5; Blue-winged Warbler, 1.5; Canada ing into spruce-firforest beyond the W end from 68 last year to 84. --ANDREW DAS- Goose, 1; Wood Duck, 1; Mallard, 1; Broad- and to mixed forestjust outsidethe NE cor- INGER. 12 Stone Cl(•b Dr., Niantic, Conn. wingedHawk, 1; SpottedSandpiper, 1; Barred ner Topography:Moderate slope to the SE. 0635 Z Owl, 1; Belted Kingfisher,1; E. Kingbird, 1, Elevation: 800-900 ft. Weather: Very wet but Gray Catbird, 1; Veery, 1; E. Bluebird, 1, warm m May, near averageconditions in June 3. SECOND - GROWTH HARDWOOD Black-throated Blue Warbler, 1; Yellow- and Julyexcept for a freak windstormon June FOREST.- Location: Connecticut; Litch- rumped Warbler, 1; Black-throated Green 27 Clearduring 4 coverages,overcast during field Co., White Memorial Foundation, Mor- Warbler, 1; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 1; Bay- 2, foggyduring 4; rain curtailedthe June22 ris; 41ø42'26"N,73ø12'2Z'W, Litchfield Quad- breasted Warbler, 1; Hooded Warbler, 1, surveywhen 80% complete;calm to moderate rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1965; SongSparrow, 1; Red-shoulderedHawk, 0.5, breeze except strong breeze June 18; tem- 13 intermittentyears. Size: 10.1ha = 25 acres. Red-tailed Hawk, +; Whip-poor-will, +, peratures42-65øF. Coverage:May 23, 30; Description of Plot: See AFN 19:590-591 Chimney Swift, +; Corn. Crow, +. Total: 69 June 4, 9, 18, 22, 29; July 7, 16; 0517-1015, (1965).Coverage: May 16, 27, 29; June2, 16, species; 354 territories (486/km2, 197/100 ADT Total man-hours: 22. Census: Oven- 24. Total man-hours:14. Census:Red-eyed acres). Remarks: Reduced numbers from last bird, 11 (105, 42); LeastFlycatcher, 8 (76, 31); Vireo, 12 (119, 48); Veery, 9 (89, 36); Oven- year may reflect less time spent censusing Red-eyedVireo, 7.5 (72, 29); Black-throated bird, 9; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 8 (79, 32); Nests found (9): E. Phoebe, 3; 1 each of Green Warbler, 4.5 (43, 17); E. Wood Pewee, Black-cappedChickadee, 6 (59, 24); Corn. Canada Goose, Black Duck, Ruffed Grouse, 4 (38, 1S); Am. Robin, 3 (29, 12); Swainsoh's Yellowthroat,6; Scarlet Tanager, 6; Black- Wood Thrush, Scarlet Tanager, Chipping Thrush, 3; Am. Redstart, 3; Rose-breasted and-white Warbler, 5 (49, 20); Tufted Tit- Sparrow. --JIM STAPLETON, John Bur- Grosbeak,1.5; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy mouse, 3 (30, 12); Gray Catbird, 3; Wood roughsNature Sanctuary.P.O. #220. West Woodpecker,1; Dark-eyedJunco, 1; Yellow- Thrush, 3; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 3; Am. Park. N.Y. 12493. belbed Sapsucker,0.5; Ruffed Grouse, +; Redstart, 3; Corn. Flicker, 2; Great Crested Mourning Warbler, +; Purple Finch, +. Flycatcher, 2; Blue Jay, 2; White-breasted 5. YOUNG RED MAPLE - GRAY BIRCH Total: 16 species;49 territorial males (467/ Nuthatch,2; Am. Robin, 1.5; Blue-grayGnat- FOREST. -- Location: New York; St km 2, 189/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Woodcock, catcher,1.5; Broad-wingedHawk, 1; Hairy LawrenceCo., 4 mi NE of Waddington at Ruby-throatedHummingbird, Gray Jay, Blue Woodpecker,1; Downy Woodpecker,1; E. Coles Creek, 44ø53'N, 75ø07W, Louisville Jay,White-breasted Nuthatch, Wood Thrush, Wood Pewee, 1; Corn. Crow, 1; Red-breasted Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established Hermit Thrush, Cedar Waxwing, Black- Nuthatch, 1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1; Loui- 1976; 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 throated Blue Warbler, Canada Warbler. siana Waterthrush, 1; Brown-headed Cow- acres. Description of Plot: See AB 31:31 Remarks: Nests found: Yellow-bellied Sap- bird, 1; Cardinal, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, (1977).Weather: No precipitationduring cen- sucker, Hairy Woodpecker, Downy Wood- 1; Barred Owl, 0.5; HouseWren, 0.5; Great sus;a very dry season.Coverage: June 6, 8, 13, pecker One broodeach of RuffedGrouse and Horned Owl, +; Yellow-throatedVireo, +; 17, 22, 25-26; July 4, 12; 0440-2130, EDT Am Woodcockwere observed.One Red-eyed Solitary Vireo, +; Magnolia Warbler, +. Total man-hours:12. Census:Veery, 14 (173, Vireo and 2 Black-throated Green Warblers Total: 36 species;99 territorial males (979/ 70); Am. Redstart, 12 (148, 60); N. Oriole, 6 were seen feeding fledglings.The common km 2, 396/100 acres).Remarks: The number of (74, 30); YellowWarbler, 5 (62, 25); Red-eyed birds wereevenly distributed except for Least territorial malesrose in 1 year from 87.5 to Vireo, 4 (49, 20); Corn.Yellowthroat, 4; Red-
Volume34, Number i 45 wingedBlackbird, 4, Com Grackle,4, Great period,but in lateMay the river was high for a territorial males (138) were also a recovery CrestedFlycatcher, 3 (37, 15), Am Robin, 3, few daysand coveredsome shore areas of the t•om last year'sall tnnelow of 116 The 19-year Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 3; Com. Flicker, 2; island. Coverage:Apr. 1, 7, 15, 21, May 6, averageis 217. The Red-eyedVireo repeated DownyWoodpecker, 2; LeastFlycatcher, 2; 12-13, 20, 26-28; June 2-3, 16, 30; 0520-0930, as the most numerousspecies, and equalled E. Wood Pewee,2; Gray Catbird, 2; Wood EST. Total man-hours:37.2. Census:Starling, last year in number of territories (20) The Thrush, 2; Warbling Vireo, 2; Ovenbird,2; 15 (198, 80); Red-eyedVireo, 6 (79, 32); N. Rufous-sidedTowhee was secondagain and Ruffed Grouse,1; Mourning Dove, 1; Black- Parula, 6; Cardinal, 5 (66, 27); Am. Redstart, increasedslightly. The Com.Yellowthroat was billed Cuckoo, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; E. 4 (53, 21); DownyWoodpecker, 3 (40, 16); third and showed a marked increase from 6 to Kingbird, 1; Tree Swallow,1; Blue Jay, 1; AcadianFlycatcher, 3; CarolinaChickadee, 3; 10 territories.Other speciesshowing marked Black-cappedChickadee, 1; White-breasted Tufted Titmouse,3; Great CrestedFlycatcher, increaseswere White-eyedVireo (5 over 1), Nuthatch, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Cedar Wax- 2.5; CarolinaWren, 2.5; Red-belliedWood- and CarolinaWren (4 over 1). The latter spe- wing, 1; Starling,1; Black-and-whiteWar- pecker,2; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2; Prothon- cieswas almost nonexistentthe last 2 years bler, 1; Nashville Warbler, 1; Chestnut-sided otaryWarbler, 2; Yellow-throatedWarbler, 2; Also increasingover last year were Yellow- Warbler, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Rufous-sided Wood Duck, 1; Barred Owl, 1; Corn. Flicker, billed Cuckoo,Downy Woodpecker,Tufted Towhee, 1; White-throated Sparrow, 1; Song 1; PilearealWoodpecker, 1; Rough-winged Titmouse, Yellow-breasted Chat and Summer Sparrow,1. Total: 38 species;97 territorial Swallow, 1; Corn. Crow, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; Tanager. Notable losses were Bobwhite (1 males (1198/km2, 485/100 acres). Visitors: SongSparrow, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, +. under 4) and Ovenbird (3 under 5). This is the Great Blue Heron, Green Heron, Am. Bittern, Total: 24 species; 69 territorial males or lowestyet for the latter species.The Carolina Canada Goose, Red-tailed Hawk, Am. Kes- females (909/km 2, 368/100 acres). Visitors: Chickadee remained low. -- JOHN H trel, Killdeer, Ring-billed Gull, Chimney. Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Ruby-throated Hum- FALES, 2809Ridge Road. NeeM Estate, Hunt- Swift,Belted Kingfisher, Bank Swallow,Barn mingbird, E. Wood Pewee,Blue Jay, House ingtown.Md. 20639. Swallow, Purple Martin, Corn. Crow, E. Wren, Gray Catbird, Veery, N. Oriole. Meadowlark, Brown-headed Cowbird, Am. Remarks: Nests found: Starling, 10; Red- 9. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT. -- Loca- Goldfinch. -- JO VAN REIT and GERALD bellied Woodpecker, 2; Tufted Titmouse, tion: District of Columbia; the central third of A. SMITH, Derby Hill Bird Observatory.P.O. Brown Creeper, Rough-wingedSwallow, 1 Glover-ArchboldPark, a narrow, long stream Box620, Syracuse, N.Y. 13201. each. Number of species(24), is the same as valley park in the NW section. Continulty: lastyear, but the total of 69 pairsis wellbelow Established1960; 20 consecutiveyears Size: 6. YOUNG WHITE ASH - BASSWOOD the 1978 total of 83 and reflectsthe continuing 14.2 ha = 35 acres.Deserlptlon of Plot: See FOREST. -- Location: New York; St. loss of summer residents: vireos, warblers, fly- AFN 14:502-503 (1960). Coverage:Mar 31, Lawrence Co., 3 mi SW of Morristown at catchersand thrushes. In addition, Starlings Apr. 8, 14, 22, 29-30; May 6, 10, 20; June4, JacquesCartier State Park, 44ø33'N, 75ø41'W, have been decreasingsince 1976. Carolina 17, 25; July 4; between0750-2050. Total man- Morristown Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Wrens,owing to the cold winter of 1977,had hours: 31. Weather: Clear on 7 trips, cloudy Established 1976; 4 consecutiveyears. Size: decreasedfrom a highof 7 in 1976to 1 in 1977 on 6, rainy on 1; temperature45-89 øF, averag- 8.1 ha = 20 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB but had goneup to 4 in 1978,dropping to 2.5 ing 67ø; wind calm on 11 trips, 5, 15, and 23 31:31-32 (1977). Weather: No precipitation in 1979. A new arrival this year was the mph on the other 3. Census:Veery, 17 (120, duringcensus; a verydry year. Coverage: June Rough-wingedSwallow. --J. R. GA UTHEY 49); Cardinal, 13 (92, 37); Gray Catbird, 11 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 24; July4, 10; 0430-2130, and JOAN H. CRISWELL (compiler). 3519 (78, 31); Carolina Chickadee, 9 (64, 26), EDT. Total man-hours: 10.5. Census: Am. JermantownRd., Fairfax. Va. 22030. Tufted Titmouse, 9; Blue Jay,8 (56, 23), Red- Redstart,12 (148, 60); YellowWarbler, 8 (99, bellied Woodpecker,6.5 (46, 19); Carolina 40); E. WoodPewee, 6 (74, 30);Am. Robin,6; 8. MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST. -- Wren, 4 (28, 11); Rufous-sidedTowbee, 4, Wood Thrush, 6; Warbling Vireo, 6; Rose- Location: Maryland; Calvert Co., NW of Plum DownyWoodpecker, 3 (21, 9); Corn.Crow, 3, breastedGrosbeak, 5 (62, 25); Veery, 4 (49, Point and 1 mi inland from ChesapeakeBay White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Wood Thrush, 20);Red-winged Blackbird, 4; GreatCrested on Tobacco Rd between Routes 263 and 261. 3; Starling, 2; Red-eyed Vireo, 1.5; Rock Flycatcher,3 (37, 15);Gray Catbird, 3; Corn. Continuity: Established1960; 19 intermittent Dove, 1; Pileareal Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Grackle,3; Blue Jay,2; Black-cappedChick- years.Size: 11.3 ha = 28 acres.Description of Woodpecker,1; Ovenbird,0.5; SongSparrow, adee,2; HouseWren, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Plot: See AFN 13:333 (1959). Weather: All 0.5; ScreechOwl, +. Total: 21 species;101 ter- Corn.Yellowthroat, 2; SongSparrow, 2; Ruffed except 1 trip were on clear days. Maximum ritorial males(713/kin •, 289/100 acres) Visit- Grouse, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Downy Wood- temperatures,60ø-80øF. The creek and low ors: Wood Duck, Mourning Dove, Yellow- pecker,1; LeastFlycatcher, 1; TreeSwallow, area remained wet. Coverage:May 5, 9, 13, billed Cuckoo, Corn. Nighthawk, Chimney 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Red-breasted 16, 27; June 5, 8, 12, 20, 27; July 3, 6-7. Total Swift, Corn. Flicker, House Wren, Mock- Nuthatch, 1; Black-and-white Warbler, 1; man-hours: 22. Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 20 ingbird, Am. Robin, Blue-grayGnatcatcher, Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Pine Warbler, 1; (177, 71); Rufous-sidedTowbee, 12 (106, 43); Cedar Waxwing, Com. Yellowthroat,Am Ovenbird,1; ScarletTanager, 1; Cardinal, 1; Corn. Yellowthroat, 10 (88, 36); Wood Thrush, Redstart, House Sparrow, Com. Grackle, Rufous-sided Towhee, 1; White-throated 9 (80, 32); HoodedWarbler, 9; Cardinal,6 (53, Scarlet Tanager, House Finch. Remarks: Sparrow,1. Total: 33 species;93 territorial 21); Tufted Titmouse, 5 (44, 18); White-eyed Coveragewas about the sameas last year, but males (1149/km •, 465/100 acres). Visitors: Vireo, 5; KentuckyWarbler, 5; MourningDove, spreadevenly through the peak of the breed- Great Blue Heron, Green Heron, Mallard, 4 (35, 14); Acadian Flycatcher,4; Carolina ing season.Increased observation might have Gadwall, Killdeer, Am. Woodcock, Ring- Wren, 4; Yellow-breasted Chat, 4; Summer found more marginalrecords, and changeda billed Gull, Chimney Swift, Bank Swallow, Tanager, 4; Indigo Bunting, 4; Red-bellied visitoror so into a partial or singleterritory, Barn Swallow, Purple Martin, Corn. Crow, Woodpecker,3 (26, 11); Ovenbird, 3; Am. but the results are consistent with recent Cedar Waxwing, Brown-headedCowbird, Woodcock, 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; trends. We have had 3 unusuallysevere win- Am. Goldfinch.- GEORGE R. MAXWELL Downy Woodpecker,2; E. Wood Pewee,2; N. ters in a row, so speciesare probablyat the H and GERALD A. SMITH. DerbyHill Bird Parula, 2; Pine Warbler, 2; ScarletTanager, lowerlevels of the area'scarrying capacity for Observatory,P.O. Box 620, Syracuse.N.Y. 2; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Bobwhite, 1; Ruby- year-round residents. There has been no 13201. throated Hummingbird, 1; Hairy Wood- changein the patternof the last 20 yearsin pecker, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; which the summer residents have declined 7. MATURE DECIDUOUS FLOOD- Carolina Chickadee, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Blue- steadily,while the year-aroundresidents have PLAIN FOREST. -- Location: Maryland; gray Gnatcatcher, 1; Yellow-throatedVireo, maintained their numbers or increased, with MontgomeryCo., Cabin John Island, Glen 1; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; minor variations that can be explained by Echo; 2.5 mi NW of the District of Columbia, Corn. Grackle, 1; Field Sparrow, 1; Red- changesin climate or alterationsin the census between the C. and O. Canal and the Potomac shoulderedHawk, +; Belted Kingfisher,+; E. areas. The only remaining warbler is the River;Falls Church Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Kingbird, +; Blue Jay, +; Gray Catbird, +; E. Ovenbird, which managed 0.5 of a territory tinuity: Established1947; 27 intermittent Bluebird, +; Prairie Warbler, +; Brown- thisyear. We beganin 1959with 8 speciesand years.Size: 7.6 ha = 18.75acres. Description headed Cowbird, +; Chipping Sparrow, +. 30 nestingpairs of warblers,3 speciesand 12 5 of Plot: See AFN 1:212-213 (1947). Weather: Total: 46 species;138 territorial males(1218/ nestingpairs of vireos(now 1 speciesand 1 5 Temperaturesaveraged: Apr., 49 ø F; May, km2, 493/100 acres).Remarks: The 46 species pairs),3 speciesand 18 nestingparrs of flycatch- June69 ø . Rainfall was below averagefor this on territorymade up for last year'slosses. The ers (now none),3 speciesand .25nesting pairs
46 American Birds,January 1980 of thrushes(now 2 speciesand 20 pairs) The Whip-poor-will,E Wood Pewee, Blue Jay, Censusparticipants and visitors GeorgeHall, better record of the thrushes comes from the Com Crow, Am Robtn, Yellow-throatedV•reo Jack Werner, GeorgeHurley, Anne Pyle, Seal stayingpower of the Veenes,which with the Remarks: Nests found. Louisiana Water- Brooks, Glen Phfihps, Dorothy Conrad, catbirdsare the only migratoryspecies still thrush(1), AcadianFlycatcher (1). The many Josephine Wood, Anna Llewellyn, Hester amongthe more abundantbirds in the tract. overhangingsaplings along the streammade Werner. Assistanceon the VegetationSurvey Somepermanent residents are decliningas excellentnesting habitat for AcadianFlycatch- given by Glen Phillips, Robert Richardson, well, the Com.Flicker dropping this yearto a ers. The Indigo Buntingoccurred in the only Elsa Thompson, Robert Weaver, Peter Har- visitor, the Carolina Wren at its lowest in 12 openingon the plot and was presenton all rison, Frances Garbart. Topographic data years in what seems a typical reaction to a trips. Turkey Vultures and ChimneySwifts furnishedby GeorgeKoch. -- PETER HAR- seriesof hardwinters, the DownyWoodpecker were seenabove the plot but were not con- RISON, E. R. and E. D. CHANDLER, 707 still at aboutlast year'slow ebb, and the Star- sidered to have nesting territories. -- WarwoodAve., Wheeling,W. Va. 26003. ling at last year'slow of 2. They startedat 3 in NEVADA LAITSCH and GEORGE KOCH 1959,built up to 25 in 1970,and have steadily (compilers),KEN ANDERSON, DOROTHY declined since. Weather here and changing BROEMSON, MARY FORD, GEORGE 12. MAPLE-CHERRY-BIRCH FOREST. conditionsin migration and wintering areas HURLEY, ANN PYLE, BILL SMITH, --Location: West Virginia; PrestonCo.; 2 ml offer the most logical explanationsof the Brooks Bird Club, 707 Warwood Ave., Wheel- SW of Terra Alta; 39ø25'30"N,79ø34'42"W, changes,since the Park and its surrounding ing, W. Va. 26003. Terra Alta Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: neighborhoodhave not been altered signif- New. Size: 6.07 ha = 1S acres(rectangular, mantly -- SHIRLEY A. BRIGGS (compiler), 11. HEMLOCK - BLACK CHERRY - 110 X 660 yds,measured longitudinally and OLIVE HOLBROOK, G. T. and SUSAN BIRCH FOREST. -- Location:West Vkginia; estimatedlaterally). Description of Plot: Cove HUNT, 7605 HoneywellLane, Bethesda,Md. Preston Co.; 2 mi S from Terra Alta; 39ø24' hardwoodsthat extend up Irish Run from 20014 44•N, 79ø32'22"W,Terra Alta Quadrangle, 1925 to 1980 ft elevation. The dominant can- USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 opytrees are SugarMaple (Acersaccharum), 10. BEECH-TULIP-TREE-BASSWOOD acres(rectangular, 110 X 660 yds, measured Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) and Yellow FOREST. -- Location:West Virginia; Wood longitudinally and estimated laterally). Birch (Betulalutea). Most prominentin the Co, Mountwood Park; 13 mi E of Parkers- Descriptionof Plot: Woodedravine with small understoryare Am. Beech(Fagus grandO•blia) burg, 1 mi S of US route S0; startsat 39ø14' streamand steephillsides. The dominantcan- and SugarMaple. The groundcover is pri- 34•N, 81ø1738:'W, Petroleum Quadrangle, opy trees are Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), marily May-apple (Podophyllumpeltatum) USGS, and extends SE. Continuity: New. andBlack Cherry (Prunus serott•a). Most prom- and New York Fern (Dryopterisnoveboracen- Size:6 1 ha = 15 acres(rectangular, 110 X 660 inent in the understoryare Rhododendron sis). A quantitativesurvey of the vegetation yds, length measured, width estimated). maximumand StripedMaple (Acerpensyl- gave the followingresults: Trees 3-in. diam- Description of Plot: The dominant canopy vanicum). The ground cover is primarily eterand over, based on 6 circularsamples, 277 trees are Am. Beech(Fagus grand•folia) and WoodFern LDryopteris intermedia) and Wood /acre; total basal area 92 ft2/acre. Species Tuhp-tree (Liriodendron tulipiJkra). The Sorrel(Oxalis montani). A quantitativesurvey comprising93% of the total number of trees understoryis mostlySpicebush (Lindera ben- of the vegetationgave the following results: SugarMaple, 55, 20, 12, 83; BlackCherry, 20, zorn) and saplingsof the canopytrees. Prom- Trees 3-in. diameter and over, based on 6 cir- 7, 11, 83; Yellow Birch, 32, 12, 11, 67; Bass- lnent in the groundcover are Black Snakeroot cular samples,224/acre; total basalarea 129 wood (Tilia americana), 20, 7, 10, 50; Hem- (Ctmtct•ga racemosa),Blue Cohosh(Caulo- ft2/acre.Species comprising 92% of the total lock (Tsuga canadensis),20, 7, 9, 33; Red phyllumthalictroides) and 14 speciesof ferns. numberof trees(numbers following each spe- Maple (A. rubrum), 20, 7, 8, 50; Red Oak A quantitativevegetation survey of six0.1 acre cies are number/acre, % density, % dom- (Quercusrubra), 15, 5, 7, 67; Am. Beech,8, 3, samplesgives: Trees 3 in. dbh and over 217/ inance,and % frequency,in that order):Hem- 6, 17; White Oak (Q. alba), 7, 3, 6, SO; Am acre, total basal area 114 ft2/acre. Species lock, 62, 28, 38, 83; Black Cherry, 33, 13, 19, Hornbeam (Carpinuscaroliniana), 28, 10, 4, comprising90% of the total numberof trees: 100; Yellow Birch(Betula alleghaniensis), 38, 67; Black Birch (Betula lenta), 7, 3, 4, SO; Am Beech,40, 18, 30, 100;Tulip-tree, 33, 15, 17, 13, 83; dead trees, 23, 12, 3, 100; Red dead trees, 18, 7, 4, 83. Trees by diameter size 20, 100, White Basswood(Tilia heterophylla), Maple(A. rubrum),25, 11, 16, 83; Am. Beech class:A (3-6 in.) 140, 51, 14, 15; B (6-9 in.) 77, 22, 12, 11, 67; Red Elm (Ulmus rubra), 20, 9, (Fagusgrandifolia), 20, 9, 5, 33. Trees by 28, 24, 26; C (9-15 in.) 53, 19, 43, 47; D (15-21 9, 50, White Oak (Quercusalba), 12, 5, 3, 50; diameter size class(following each class are in.) 7, 2, 12, 13. Shrub stems/acre4658; hickory(Carya, sp.), 10, 5, 6, 33; SugarMaple number/acre,% density,basal area in sq ft/ groundcover 39%; canopy cover 86%; average (Acersaccharum), 8, 4, 4, 50; Red Maple (A. acre, % dominance): A (3-6 in.) 20, 31, 7, 5.4; canopy height 70 ft (range 52-81). Edge: rubrum), 10, 5, 2, 67; White Ash (Fraxinus B (6-9 in.) 90, 40, 27, 21; C (9-15 in.) 42, 19, 34, Bounded on all sides by similar habitat. amertcana),15, 7, 1, 67; Am. Hornbeam (Car- 26; D (15-21 in.) 15, 7, 18, 14; E (21-27 in.) 3, Topography:Ravine with steepslopes lying in ptnus caroliniana),8, 4, 1, 50; dead trees, 13, 1, 26, 20; F (27-33 in.) 3, 1, 16, 13. Shrub a NE-SW direction. Elevation: 1925-1980 ft. 6, 5, 67. Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 stems/acre4325; ground cover 48%; canopy Weather:0.8 in. rainfall duringstudy. Cover- m ) 107, 49, 11, 9; B (6-9 in.) 53, 25, 16, 14; C cover86%; averagecanopy height 66 ft (range age:June 2-7; 16 trips betweendawn and 0811 (9-15 in ) 35, 16, 28, 25; D (15-21 in.) 12, 5, 21, 58-74).Edge: Forestcontinues in all directions hoursor 0955-1115hours. Total party-hours: 19, E (21-27 in.) 8, 4, 26, 23; G (33-40 in.) 2, 1, exceptsome variation between E and W sides. 9. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 9 (148, 60); Black- 12, 10 Shrub stems/acre2640; groundcover Topography:Extends E to SE from 2590 to and-white Warbler, 2; Black-throated Green 55%, canopy cover 76%; average canopy 2540 ft; a wooded ravine with small stream Warbler, 2; LouisianaWaterthrush, 2; Oven- height 74 ft (range 61-87). Edge: Similar andsteep hillside on S side.Elevation: 2560 ft. bird, 1.5; Acadian Flycatcher, 1; Hooded vegetation on all sides. Topography: The Weather: Clear and cool. Coverage:June 6, Warbler, 0.5; Scarlet Tanager, 0.5; Indigo centerhne follows a small stream, elevation 10-13; between dawn and 0730 and 2 mid- Bunting,0.5; RuffedGrouse, +; BeltedKing- 810-900ft. The plot is levelfor about30 ft on morningtrips. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 4 (66, fisher, +; Great CrestedFlycatcher, +; Blue eachside of the stream,then slopesup about 27); Black-throated Blue Warbler, 4; Black- Jay, +; Com. Crow,+; Black-cappedChick- 15 Weather:Fair, exceptfor 2 trips madein a throated Green Warbler, 3 (49, 20); Acadian adee, +; Tufted Titmouse, +; Wood Thrush, drizzle Coverage:May 18-22; 12 trips between Flycatcher,2; SolitaryVireo, 2; CanadaWar- +; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, +; Com. Yellow- 0535 and 0800 and 2 in late evening.Total bler, 2; Wood Thrush, 1; Magnolia Warbler, throat, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +. Total: party-hours:10. Census:Acadian Flycatcher, 1; Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Hooded War- 20 species;19 territorial males (313/km 2, 127/ 8 (132, 53); Red-eyedVireo, 4 (66, 27); Oven- bler, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Rufous-sidedTow- 100 acres).Visitors: E. Wood Pewee,Gray bird, 4, Am. Redstart, 4; Wood Thrush, 2; hee, 1; E. Wood Pewee,+; Great CrestedFly- Catbird, Cedar Waxwing, N. Parula, Car- Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 2; Worm-eatingWar- catcher, +; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,+; Am. dinal, Am. Goldfinch, Rufous-sidedTowhee. bier, 2, Louisiana Waterthrush, 2; Pileated Robin, +; Ovenbird, +; Brown-headed Cow- Remarks: One Louisiana Waterthrush nest Woodpecker,1; KentuckyWarbler, 1; Scarlet bird, +. Total: 18 species;23 territorialmales found. -- GREG EDDY, LORRAINE HAR- Tanager, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Carolina (379/km•, 153/100 acres). Visitors: Downy PER. ESTHER REICHELDERFER, ELLEN Chickadee, +; Tufted Titmouse, +; Cerulean Woodpecker, Blue Jay, Com. Crow, Rose- SNYDER, JIM WEIMER, LAURA LEE, Warbler, +; Hooded Warbler, +. Total: 16 breasted Grosbeak, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: VIRGINIA JOHNSON, SUE ULRICH, species,32 territorial males (527/km2, 213/ Active nests of Black-throated Blue Warbler, ELLEN THOMAS, MAXINE THACKER, 100 acres). Visitors: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, SolitaryVireo, and Wood Thrush were found. RALPH BELL, SUE WEIMER, and KATHY
Volume34, Number1 47 REEVES (compder), Brooks Btrd Club, 707 measured, width estimated) Description of sp ) canesand someWhorled Loosestrife (Lys- WarwoodAve, Wheehng,W Va 26003 Plot: The dominant canopy trees are oaks tmachta quadrt#oha) A quant•tatxvevegeta- (Quercussp.), Am. Beech(Fagus grandt. foha), tion surveyofsxx 0.1 acre samplesgtves Trees 13. MAPLE - TULIP-TREE - RED OAK and Tulip-tree(Ziriodendron tulip(fera). Most 3 in. dbh and over 330/acre; total basal area FOREST. -- Location: West Virginia; Pres- prominentin the understoryare Maple-leaved 186 W/acre. Speciescomprising 90ø7o of the ton Co.; 6 mi NNW of Terra Alta; the center- Viburnum (Viburnumacerifolium), Flowering total number of trees: Red Oak, 55, 17, 41, line starts at 39ø31'31"N, 79ø34'2TW, Cuzzart Dogwood(Comus florida), and seedlingsof 100; Scarlet Oak, 35, 11, 17, 50; White Oak, Quadrangle,USGS, and extends W. Con- canopytrees. The ground cover is primarily 65, 20, 13, 100; Chestnut Oak, 17, 5, 5, 33, tinuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rec- ChristmasFern (Po&stichumacrostichoides) and Red Maple (Acerrubrum), 33, 10, 7, 83, dead tangular,110 X 660yds, measured longitudi- New York Fern (Dryopterisnoveboracensis). trees, 93, 28, 14, 100. Trees by diameter sxze nally and estimatedlaterally). Description of A quantitativevegetation survey of six0.1 acre class:A (3-6 in.) 126, 38, 13, 7; B (6-9 in ) 75, Plot: Selectivelylogged about 1965, leaving samplesgives: Trees 3 in. dbh and over 207/ 23, 23, 12; C (9-15 in.) 92, 28, 73, 39; D (15-21 brushyopenings between some of the trees, acre; total basal area 156 ft2/acre. Species in.) 28, 9, 51, 27; E (21-27 in.) 3, 1, 10, 6, F making a varied habitat. The dominantcan- comprising90% of the total numberof trees: (27-33 in.) 3, 1, 16, 9. Shrub stems/acre 6740, opytrees are SugarMaple (Acer saccharum) White Oak (Q. alba), ?3, 14, 15, 83; Red Oak groundcover 39ø70; canopy cover 76ø70; average andTulip-tree (Ziriodendron tulipt.'fera). Most (Q. rubru), 12, 6, 12, 67; ChestnutOak (Q. canopy height 76 ft (range 57-92). Edge: prominentin the understoryare BlackCherry prinus),8, 4, 5, 33; Am. Beech,47, 23, 24, 100; Forest continues in all directions. Topog- (Prunusserotina) and StripedMaple (A. pen- Tulip-tree, 18, 9, 24, 83; Red Maple (Acer raphy:Centerline about level on a gentlyslop- sylvanicum).The ground cover is primarily rubrum),47, 23, 12, 83; Hickory(Caryasp.), 7, ing hillsidewith SW exposure.Fall acrossplot fern (Osmundaclaytoniana) and Jewelweed 3, 2, 33; dead trees, 17, 8, 1, 67. Trees by downto right 10 ft at start, increasingto 80 ft (Impatienspallida). A quantitativesurvey of diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 72, 35, 7, 5; B at end. Weather: Clear and cool with some the vegetationgave the following results: (6-9 in.) 72, 35, 22, 14; C (9-15 in.) 32, 15, 25, light morningfog. Coverage:June 3-7; 16 traps Trees 3-in. diameter and over, based on 6 cir- 16; D (15-21 in.) 12, 6, 21, 13; E (21-27 in.) 13, 0545-0745and 1800-2000.Total party-hours cular samples,121/acre; total basalarea 76 6, 41, 26; F (27-33in.) 3, 2, 16, 10; G (33-40in.) 14. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 6 (99, 40); Brown ft2/acre.Species comprising 90% of the total 3, 2, 24, 15. Shrub stems per acre 2600; Creeper, 2; Veery, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Great numberof trees:Sugar Maple, 80, 41, 26, 100; groundcover 23%; canopycover 87%; average Crested Flycatcher, 1; E. Wood Pewee, 1, Tulip-tree,3.3, 1.7, 14.8, 17; Red Maple(A. canopyheight 85 ft (range67-108). Edge: Sim- Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Hooded War- rubrum), 36, 19, 14.6, 83; Red Oak (Quercus ilar habitat on all sides.Topography: The cen- bier, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 0.5; Cardinal, 0 5, rubra), 13.4, 6.9, 11.4, 83; Basswood(Tilia terlineis a pa.th followingthe upperreaches of Hairy Woodpecker, +; Blue Jay, +; Corn americana), 11.7, 6, 7.9, 50; Black Cherry, 5, Mudlick Run from elevation 890-975 ft. The Crow,+. Total: 13 species;17 territorial males 2.6, 6.4, 17; Hickory(Carya sp.), 10, 5.2, 4.2, sidesof the plot are often as much as 50 ft (280/kin2, 113/100 acres). Visitors: Downy 67. Treesby diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 87, higherthan the stream.Weather: Clear and Woodpecker, Black-capped Chickadee, 45, 9, 11; B (6-9 in.) 78, 37, 21, 38; C (9-15 in.) coolexcept for light rain 1 morning.Coverage: Tufted Titmouse, Cerulean Warbler, Brown- 75, 13, 20, 26; D (15-21 in.) 7, 3, 12, 16; E May 18-21;12trips between dawn and 0900,2 headed Cowbird, Am. Goldfinch, Rufous- (21-27 in.) 2, 0.1, 5, 6.8; F (27-33 in.) 2, 0.1, 8, in late morningand 2 in evening.Total party- sided Towhee. Remarks: Most of the ter- 11. Shrub stems/acre 7367; ground cover hours: 14. Census: Acadian Flycatcher, 8 ritories of birds censused were well defined 61%; canopy cover 82%; average canopy (132, 53); Am. Redstart,8; Rod-eyedVireo, 6 At leastone BrownCreeper was seen or heard height74 ft (range52-96). Edge: Bordered on (99, 40); Cerulean Warbler, 4 (66, 27); Wood on each trip and contemporarysinging was all sidesby similar habitat. Topography:A Thrush, 3 (49, 20); Worm-eatingWarbler, 3; noted on 5 trips. I am indebted to George steep(21 ø ) N-facingslope on the shoulderof ScarletTanager, 3; Blue-grfiyGnatcatcher, 2; Koch and Glen Phillips for locating and BrieryMountain, the centerlinefollows the Louisiana Waterthrush, 2; Ovenbird, 1; Ken- measuringthe plot, stringingthe centerline, contour,varying from 2100-2160ft. Weather: tucky Warbler, 1; HoodedWarbler, 1; Sum- and making the vegetation survey -- Warm with light morningfog. Coverage:June mer Tanager, 1; Yellow-billodCuckoo, +; NEVADA LAITSCH (compiler),SUE WEI- 1-6; betweendawn and 0700 hoursor 1900- Carolina Chickadee, +; Tufted Titmouse, +; MER and others of the Brooks Bird Club, 707 2100 hours. Total party-hours:8. Census: White-breastedNuthatch, +. Total: 17 spe- WarwoodAve.. Wheeling,W. Va. 26003 Red-eyedVireo, 7 (115,47); IndigoBunting, 6 cies; 43 territorial males (708/km 2, 287/100 (99, 40); Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 4 (66, 27); acres). Visitors: Red-tailod Hawk, Red- 16. RED OAK FOREST. -- Location: Hooded Warbler, 4; Am. Redstart, 4; Black- shoulderedHawk, PileatedWoodpecker, Corn. WestVirginia; Wood Co.; Mountwood Park, throated Green Warbler, 3 (49, 20); Black- Crow, Brown-headed Cowbird. Remarks: 13 mi E of Parkersburg,1 mi S of Rt. SO,39 ø throatedBlue Warbler, 2; AcadianFlycatcher, Nestsfound: Acadian Flycatcher(2), Loui- 14'12•'N,81ø1748"W, Petroleum Quadrangle, 1.5; E. Wood Pewee,1; Black-and-whiteWar- siana Waterthrush (1). -- E. R. and USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha = 1S bier, 1; N. Parula, 1; Magnolia Warbler, 1; ELIZABETH D. CHANDLER (compilers) acres(rectangular, 110 x 660 yds, measured ScarletTanager, 1; Rose-breastodGrosbeak, with others from Brooks Bird Club, 707 War- longitudinally and estimated laterally) 1; Rufous-sidodTowhee, 1; Wood Thrush, woodAve.. Wheeling, W. Va. 26003. Descriptionof Plot: An oak-hickorywoods on 0.5; Louisiana Waterthrush, 0.5; Kentucky a SW-facinghillside. The dominant canopy Warbler, 0.5; Am. Crow, +; Brown-headed 15. OAK FOREST. -- Location: West Vir- treesare Red Oak (Quercusrubra) and White Cowbird,+. Total: 20 species;40 territorial ginia; PrestonCo.; Camp Galilee; 1.5 mi NE Oak (Q. alba). Most prominentin the under- males (659/km 2, 267/100 acres). Visitors: from Terra Alta; starts at 39ø27'41•N, 79ø31' story are Greenbrier(Smilax, sp.) and Dog- Green Heron, Black-cappedChickadee, Can- 3J'W, Terra Alta Quadrangle,USGS, and wood (Cornusflorida). The ground cover is ada Warbler, BlackburnJanWarbler and Am. extendsSE. Continuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha = primarily Bedstraw(Gallurn, sp.) and Arose Goldfinch. Remarks: The Blackburnian and 15 acres(rectangular, 110 x 660 yds,length (Osmorhizalongistylis). A quantitativesurvey Canada Warblers are possible migrants, measured, width estimated). Description of of the vegetationgave the following results althougha Canada Warbler nest was found Plot: An oak forest undisturbed for about 40 Trees 3-in. and over, basedon 6 circular 0 1 within 20 mi and others have been found in years.More than half of the canopyis in the acre samples,222/acre; total basal area 146 other years.-- K. BUSH, C. CONRAD, E. RedOak groupand apparentlymany trees are ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 91% of the total HUTTON, N. LAITSCH, C. REEVES, C. hybridsof Scarletand Pin Oak as well as Red number of trees: Red Oak, 23, 10, 37, 100, RUDDLE, B. SMITH (compiler),and S. and and possiblyBlack Oak, combinedunder Red White Oak, 27, 12, 19, 100; Chestnut Oak (Q J. WEIMER, 707 Warwood Ave., Wheeling, Oak (Quercusrubra) and ScarletOak (Q. coc- montana), 17, 8, 9, 33; dead trees, 32, 15, 5, W. Va. 26003. cinea). The White Oaks (Q. alba) and 100; Red Elm (Ulmus rubra), 25, 11, 5, 17, ChestnutOaks •Q. prinus)seemed true to spe- Scarlet Oak (Q. coccinea),2, 1, 3, 33; Shag- 14. OAK - BEECH - TULIP-TREE FOR- cies. Prominent in the understoryare Black bark Hickory(Carya ovata), 7, 3, 3, 33. Trees EST. -- Location: West Virginia; Wood Co.; Cherry(Prunus serotina), Viburnum denrata, by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 102, 46, 8, Mountwood Park; 13 mi E of Parkersburg,1 and seedlingsof the canopy species.The 5.5; B (6-9 in.) 40, 18, 12, 8; C (9-15 in.) 38, 17, mi S of route US 50; startsat 39ø14'45"N,81 ø ground coveris primarily ferns, mostly Hay- 29, 20; D (15-21in.) 30, 14,S8, 40; E (21-27m ) 16'55"W, Petroleum Quadrangle, USGS, and scentedFern (Dennstaedtiapunctilobula) and 10, 4, 31, 21: F (27-33 in.) 2, 1, 8, S.S. Shrub extendsNE. Continuity: New. Size: 6.07 ha = Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). There are stems/acre7375; groundcover 50%: canopy 15 acres(rectangular, 110 X 660 yds, length also a number of weak Blackberry(Rubus, cover93%; average canopy height 98 ft (range
48 AmericanBirds, January 1980 81-123) Edge:Surrounded on all sidesby sim- on 3 traps Temperatures,32-76 ø Coverage: WOODWARD, 4117 Vtrgtnta St Fatr/ax, ilar cover Elevation: 1050 ft Coverage: May Mar 31, Apr 7-9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21-24, 26, Va 22030 18-22,14 tripsbetween dawn and 0815, EDT, 28-29; May 2, 5•8, 13, 16, 18-19, 25, 30; June or 1815-2100hours. Total party-hours:12.6. 2, 5, 9-10; July 1, 5, 8, 14; August 1; between 20. FLOODPLAIN FOREST. -- Location: Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 4 (66, 27); Wood 05304215 or 13454755, EDT. Total party- North Carolina; Orange Co., within the Univ Thrush, 3 (49, 20); Yellow-throatedVireo, 3; hours:71. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 16.5 (150, of N.C. Mason Farm Reserve, locally known Cerulean Warbler, 3; Ovenbird, 3; Hooded 61); Brown-headed Cowbird, 12 (109, 44); as Big Oak Woods,3 mi SE of the centerof Warbler, 3; E. Wood Pewee,2; Acadian Fly- Cardinal, 9 (82, 33); Carolina Chickadee, 8 Chapel Hill; 35ø53'N, 79"0'W, Chapel Hill catcher, 1.5; Scarlet Tanager, 1.5; White- (73, 29); Wood Thrush, 6.5 (59, 24); Scarlet Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established breastedNuthatch, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, Tanager,5 (45, 18); E. Wood Pewee,4.5 (41, 1977; 3 consecutiveyears. S'rze:13 ha = 32.1 1, Worm-eatingWarbler, 1; KentuckyWar- 17); Red-bellied Woodpecker, 4 (36, 15); acres. Description of Plot: See AB 32:63 bler, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; Summer Tanager, Great CrestedFlycatcher, 4; Tufted Titmouse, (1978).Coverage: Eight visitsbetween Apr. 23 0 5, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, +; Black-billed 3.5 (32, 13); DownyWoodpecker, 3 (27, 11); and June 3; between dawn and 0900 hours Cuckoo, +; Pileated Woodpecker,+; Hairy Blue Jay, 3; Acadian Flycatcher,2.5; Mourn- Total party•hours: 19. Census: Red-eyed Woodpecker,+; Brown-headedCowbird, +. ing Dove, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Vireo, 16.5 (127, 51); Acadian Flycatcher, 6 Total: 20 species;29.5 territorial males (486/ BrownCreeper, 2; PileatedWoodpecker, 1.5; (46, 19); Tufted Titmouse, 5.5 (42, 17); Blue- km2, 197/100 acres). Visitors: Red-bellied Worm-eatingWarbler, 1.5; Wood Duck, 1; grayGnatcatcher, 5 (38, 16); CarolinaWren, Woodpecker,Black-throated Green Warbler, Com. Flicker, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Louisiana 3.5 (27, 11); Wood Thrush, 3.5; Yellow-billed Canada Warbler and Rose-breasted Gros- Waterthrush, 0.5. Total: 22 species;94 ter- Cuckoo,3 (23, 9); Red•belliedWoodpecker, 3, beak Remarks: Nests found: Wood Thrush ritorial males (854/km 2, 346/100 acres). Visit- Carolina Chickadee, 3; Cardinal, 3; Ruby- (2) and HoodedWarbler (1). This excellentexam- ors: Black Vulture, Red-shouldered Hawk, throated Hummingbird, 2; Kentucky War- ple of oak-hickorywoodlands is scheduledfor Broad-wingedHawk, Com. Gallinule, Yellow- bler, 2; Hooded Warbler, 2; Downy Wood- cuttingas development of the park progresses. billed Cuckoo, Great Horned Owl, Hairy pecker, 1.5; Com. Flicker, 1; Hairy Wood- -- KENNETH ANDERSON, BRENT BAIL- Woodpecker,Com. Crow, Am. Robin, E. pecker, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Barred Owl, +, EY, DOROTHY BROEMSEN, E. R. Bluebird, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Yellow- Blue Jay, +; Com. Crow, +. Total: 20 species, CHANDLER, MARY FORD, EDNA throated Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, N. 62.5 territorial males (481/km 2, 195/100 GREGG, GEORGE HURLEY, TOM HUR- Parula, Kentucky Warbler, Am. Redstart, acres). Visitors: Wood Duck, Pileareal Wood- LEY, GEORGE KOCH, ANN PYLE and Com. Grackle, Summer Tanager, Am. Gold- pecker, Yellow-throated Vireo, N. Parula, GLEN PHILLIPS (compiler), 707 Warwood finch, Rufous-sided Towhee. Nests found: Ovenbird, Com. Grackle, Indigo Bunting Ave, Wheeling,W. Va. 26003. Blue Jay 3, Wood Duck 1, Red-belliedWood- Remarks: Nests found: Hairy Woodpecker pecker 1, Acadian Flycatcher 1, Carolina and Tufted Titmouse. Newly fledged Barred 17. RED MAPLE - BLACK GUM MIXED Chickadee 1, Ovenbird 1. Remarks: The cow- Owls were seen, and the owls almost certainly HARDWOODS.- Location: Virginia; Nan- bird figureis the higheston record.Whether nestedon the plot. Populationsare low for the semondCo., Great DismalSwamp Nat'l Wild- by coincidenceor not, the Cardinal, Worm- second consecutiveyear. The most marked hfe Refuge,on W sideof Brown'sDitch 0.5 mi eating Warbler, and Ovenbird, speciesthat changessince last yearare the returnof Hooded S of intersectionwith JerichoDitch Road, City nest on or near the ground, have increased Warblers and a 45% reduction in Acadian of Suffolk.Continuity: Established 1979. Size: noticeably since the Carolina Wren disap- Flycatchers.Most speciesseemed to sing less 10 1 ha = 25 acres. Description of Plot: See pearedfrom the tract after the severewinter frequentlythis year. -- C. CHRISTENSEN, AB 33 61-62 (1979).Coverage: Apr. 28; May of 1977. -- MARY BAYLESS, LOUIS C. DAL MOL1N, S. HALL (co-compiler). D 3, 12, 19, 24, 27; June 2, 14, 16; 0530-0900. CRAIG, GILBERT ESPENSHADE, KENNEDY, J. KIMBALL, B. LORD, C. MC Total man-hours: 36.5. Census:Prothonotary JESSICA GIUSTI, KENNETH and JAYNE LAUGHLIN, H. MUELLER (co-compiler), Warbler, 10 (99, 40); Great CrestedFlycatcher, MACLEAN, BILL PER-LEE, MARK Dept. pf Zoology, Univ. pf North Carolina. 7 (69, 28); Ovenbird,7; Wood Thrush, 6 (59, STRONG, ROBER TJ. WATSON (compiler), Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. 24), Hooded Warbler, 6; Louisiana Water- 2636 MarceyRoad, Arlington, Va. 22207. thrush, 5 (49, 20); Com. Yellowthroat,5; E. 21. MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST. -- Wood Pewee, 4 (40, 16); Carolina Wren, 4; Location: North Carolina; Orange Co., partly Red-eyedVireo, 4; Yellow-billed Cuckoo,2; 19. UPLAND TULIP-TREE - OAK FOR- within the research area of the N.C. Botanical Downy Woodpecker,2; CarolinaChickadee, EST. -- Location: Virginia; Fairfax Co., U.S. Garden, 2.5 mi SE of the center of Chapel 1, Com. Flicker, +; Pileated Woodpecker, +; GeologicalSurvey National Center, Reston; Hill; 35ø21'N, 79ø01'W, Chapel Hill Quad- Hmry Woodpecker,+. Total: 16 species;63 38ø56'45'N,7T21'51YW, Vienna Quadrangle, rangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1976, territorial males or females (623/km 2, 252/100 USGS. Continuity: Established 1974; 6 con- 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 12.55 ha = 31 acres acres) Visitors: Blue Jay, N. Parula, Blackpoll secutiveyears. Size: 20.6 ha = 50.9 acres. Descriptionof Plot: See AB 31:41 (1977) Warbler, Brown-headed Cowbird. Remarks: Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 28:701-2, 1003~4 Coverage:Eight visits between Apr. 23 and The swampreceived thunderstorms late in the (1974). This spring, a 45-ft-widesewer line was June 5. Total party-hours:23. Census:Red- everangthroughout 60% of the censusperiod. built along approximately500 ft of the NE eyed Vireo, 13 (104, 42); Wood Thrush, 11 Weather was warm and humid with an aver- boundary,eliminating ca 0.2 acreof woodland (88, 35); Tufted Titmouse, 7 (56, 23); Acadian agetemperature of 70øF.Rainfall for May and from the plot. In addition, 400 ft NE of the Flycatcher,5 (40, 16); Blue-grayGnatcatcher, Junewas just short of 4 inches,nearly twice plot, about 30 acres of forest was cleared. 5; Carolina Chickadee, 4 (32, 13); Red-bellied that of last year.-- TOM GWYNN and DON Weather: Temperaturesin April, June, and Woodpecker,3 (24, 10); Carolina Wren, 3, SCHWAB, RD 1, Box 147, BaskingRidge, N.I. July were below normal, while March and May Cardinal, 3; Scarlet Tanager, 2.5; Summer O792O were above.Precipitation was above normal in Tanager,2.5; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 2; Downy March and May and belowin April, June,and Woodpecker,2; Ovenbird,2; Pine Warbler, 18. UPLAND OAK-HICKORY FOREST. July.Coverage: Apr. 29; May 16, 18, 30; June 1.5; KentuckyWarbler, 1.5; Mourning Dove, -- Location: Virginia; Fairfax Co., 10, 19, 29; July2. Total man-hours:11.2. Cen- 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Great CrestedFly- Dranesville District Park, McLean, along sus: Wood Thrush, 6 (29, 12); Blue Jay, 5 (24, catcher,1; Blue Jay, 1; Yellow~throatedVireo, Route 193 (Old GeorgetownPike), approx- 10); E. Wood Pewee, 4 (19, 8); Tufted Tit- 1; Barred Owl, +; PilearealWoodpecker, +, imately3/4 mi W of Exit 13, Capital Beltway mouse,4; Carolina Chickadee,3 (15, 6); Am. Com. Crow, +; Yellow-throated Warbler, +, (Interstate 495); 38ø57N, 77ølZW, Falls Robin, 3; Cardinal, 3; Rufous-sidedTowhee, Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 26 species, Church Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: 3; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2; DownyWood- 73 territorial males (582/km •, 235/100 acres) Estabhshed1973; 7 consecutiveyears. Size: 11 pecker, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Visitors: Bobwhite, Am. Woodcock, Com ha = 27.2 acres.Description of Pitt: SeeAB Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Scarlet Tanager, Flicker, Purple Martin, White-breastedNut~ 25 636 (1971).A partialclearing on the tract 2; Corn. Flicker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; hatch, Black-and-white Warbler, Hooded hasnow largely closed in, andthe few Virginia Corn.Crow, 1; Starling, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Warbler. Remarks: A Red-bellied Wood- Pines(Pinus virginiana) at the E end aredying Ovenbird,1. Total: 19 species;47 territorial pecker nest was found. Individual pairs of off, enhancingthe uniformityof the tract. males (228/km 2, 92/100 acres). Remarks: Blue Jaysand Carolina Wrens were seenwith Weather: Generallyclear with moderatetem- Nestsfound: Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Starling, recently fledged young. Total population is peratureand no unusualfeatures; some rain 1; Cardinal. 1. -- JOAN C. and PAUL W. about the sameas in previousyears. Acadian
Volume 34, Number 1 49 Flycatcher,Wood Thrush and Red-eyedVireo this plot and its virgin counterpartsee Census Remarks: This census and Census 22 were run showthe greatestincrease since last year, no 23 --STEPHEN G WINTON, Route I. Box simultaneouslyThese two plots were selected speciesshowed a dramatic decline. The 114. Harleyville.S.C. 29448. and laid out to be as much alike as possible, increase in Acadian Flycatchers is curious the only differencebeing this plot was never becausepopulations of the speciesdecreased 23. VIRGIN HARDWOOD SWAMP loggedand plot #22 waslogged between 1962 markedlyon our floodplainforest census area FOREST. -- Location: South Carolina; in and 1967.During the censusperiod there were only a few hundred meters away. -- M. Dorchester and Berkeley Cos., National 0-3 ft of wateron the studyplots. Winter water CROTTEAU, S. HALL (co-compiler), K. AudubonSociety's Francis Beidler Forest,6.5 levelsare higher(1-4 ft) and in late summer MEYER, H. MUELLER (co-compiler), B. mi E of Harleyville,330130 ' N, 80ø 15' W, Ridge- most of both plots are dry. On the palmetto SIMPSON, H. WILEY, Dept. qf Zoology, ville Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. areas were found the Wood Thrush, White- Univ. qf North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. Size: 8.9 ha = 22 acres (800 X 1200 ft, steel eyed Vireos, Swainsoh's and Hooded War- 27514. tapeand compass). Description of Plot: Dense blers,and Cardinals.Some palmetto areas are canopywith treesaveraging 122 ft in height. dry enoughto supportpines; Loblolly (Pmus 22. HARDWOOD SWAMP FOREST Dominantare SweetgumOLiquidambar styru- taeda) and SpurcePine (P. glabra), wherethe (Logged from 1962-67). Location: South ct.'fiua),Laurel Oak (Quercuslaurifolia), Over- Pine Warblers were found. There were at least Carolina; in Dorchester and Berkeley Cos., cup Oak (Q. lyrata),White Ash OFruxinus twice as many woodpeckers,Great-Crested National Audubon Society'sFrancis Beidler americana),and BaldCypress (Taxodium dis- Flycatchers,Red-eyed Vireos, White-breasted Forest,6.5 mi E of Harleyville,33ø00'N, 80 ø tichum). Most prominentin the understory Nuthatches, N. Parulas, Yellow-throated and 1S'W, RidgevilleQuadrangle, USGS. Con- are Red Maple (Acerrubrum), Swamp Black PineWarblers on the virgin plot comparedto tinuity: New. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres(875 X Gum (Nyssasylvatica vat. hr.'flora),Tupelo the logged.The loggedarea was more abun- 1000 ft, steeltape and compass).Deserlption Gum (N. aquatica),Am. Elm (Ulmus amer- dant in White-eyed Vireos and Swainsoh's of Plot: Laurel Oak (Quercuslaurt.'folia) and icana), and Ironwood(Carpinus caroliniana). and Hooded Warblers. Two Prothonotary White Ash (Fraxinus americana)that were not Floodingprecludes ground cover except for Warbler nestswere found. Specialthanks to loggedform a sparsecanopy. There is a dense dense stands of Dwarf Palmetto (Sabal minor) Paul Hamel for his assistancethroughout this understorycontaining young Laurel Oak, coveringabout 40% of theplot. A quantitative project.-- STEPHEN G. WINTON, Route I, White Ash and Black Willow (Salix nigra). surveyof the vegetationgave the following Box 114. Harleyville. S.C. 29448. Floodingprecludes ground cover except for results: Trees 3-in. diameter and over, based densestands of Dwarf Palmetto (Sabal minor) on 5 circular0.1 acresamples, 344/acre; total 24. LARGETOOTH ASPEN - SUGAR coveringabout 25% of the plot. A quantitative basalarea 304.2 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising MAPLE FOREST. -- Location: Ontario, surveyof the vegetationgave the following: 94% of the total number of trees: Swamp Ottawa-Carleton Region; West Carleton Trees 3-in. diameter and over, based on S cir- Black Gum, 42, 12, 9, 80; Red Maple, 46, 13, Township; SW of Fitzroy Harbour; 31 F/8 cular 0.1 acre samples,300/acre; total basal 6, 100;White Ash,70, 21, 9, 100;Bald Cypress, (Arnprior)033332; Chat FallsGenerating Sta- area 128 ft2/acre.Species comprising 98% of 34, 10, 15, 80; Laurel Oak, 22, 6, 8, 80; Over- tion. Continuity:New. Size: 10 ha = 24.7 acres the total number of trees: Laurel Oak, 106, 35• cupOak, 20, 6, 28,60; Ironwood, 32, 9, 2, 40; (rectangular,283 X 353m measuredwith tape 44, 80; BlackWillow, 32, 11, 3, 60; Red Maple TupeloGum, 18, 5, 10, 60; SweetGum, 6, 2, on ground).Description of Hot: Trees,7 6 cm (Acer rubrum), 18, 6, S, 100; Sweet Gum 7, 60; Water Ash(F. caroliniana),12, 4, 1, 20; diameter and over, based on five 0.04 ha cir- OLiquidambarstyrac•flua),20, 7, 13,80; White Water Elm (Planeraaquatica), 8, 2, 1,40; Am. cular samples,970/ha; total basal area 21 S Ash, 80, 27, 20, 80; Am. Elm (Ulmus amer- Elm, 14,4, 2, 60. Treesby diametersize class: m2/ha. Speciescomprising 90ø70 of the total tcana), 8, 3, 2, 60; Bald Cypress(Taxodium A (3-6 in.) 152, 44, 15.2, 5; B (6-9 in.) 88, 26, numberof trees[figures after eachgive num- distichurn),12, 4, S, 80; SwampBlack Gum 26.4, 9; C (9-15in.) 50, 15, 40, 13; D (15-21in.) ber of trees/ha, relative density(%), relative O•yssasylvatica var. hr.'flora),14, 5, 4, 40. 20, 6, 36, 12; E (21-27 in.) 12, 3, 37.2, 12; F dominance(%), relativefrequency (%), m that Treesby diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 178, (27-33 in.) 12, 3, 58.8, 19; G (33-40 in.) 6, 2, sequence]:Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), 59, 17.8,14; B (6-9in.) 28, 9, 8.4, 7; C (9-15in.) 42.6, 14; H (40 in.)4, 1, 48, 16. Shrubstems/ 515, 53, 36, 100; Large-toothedAspen (Populus 70, 23, 56, 44; D (15-21in.) 22, 7, 39.6, 31; E acre10,900; ground cover 0%, but Dwarf Pal- grandidentata),130, 13, 28, 60; Hop-horn- (21-27 in.) 2, 1, 6.2, 5. Shrub stems/acre metto (whichhas both stemand groundcover beam (Ostrya virginiana), 100, 10, 6, 80, 35,900;ground cover 0%, but Dwarf Palmetto qualities)covers (1 plant/m2 X 1 m high)the White Birch(Betula papyrt.'fera), 65, 7, 6, 100, (whichhas both stemand groundcover qual- drier sitesof the swampforest (40%); canopy Basswood(Tilia americana),40, 4, 6, 40, Bur ities)covers (1 plant/m2 X 1 m high)the drier cover 87%; averagecanopy height 122 ft. Oak (Quercusmacrocarpa), 25, 3, 5, 40. Addi- sitesof the swampforest (25%); canopy cover (range110-140 ft). Edge:Bordered on all sides tional speciessampled were: Balsam Fir 69%;average canopy height 112 ft (range95-125 bysimilar forest. Topography: Essentially flat (Abiesbalsamea), White Cedar (Thuja occt- ft). Edge: Borderedon all sidesby similar for- but small changesin elevation(1-2 ft) deter- dentalis), Quaking Aspen (P. tremulotdes), est. Topography:Essentially flat but small mineperiod of inundation.Elevation: 50 ft. Beech(Fagus grandt.'folia), ash OFraxinus. sp ) changesin elevation(1-2 ft) determineperiod Weather: Warm and mild throughoutperiod. Treesby diametersize class [figures after each of inundation. Elevation: 20 ft. Weather: Coverage:Apr. 29; May 7, 11, 16, 23, 29, 31; classgive number of trees/ha,relative density Warm and mild throughoutperiod. Coverage: June 1S; betweendawn and 1000 or 1700 to (%), basal area in m:/ha, relative dominance Apr. 27, 29-30;May 14, 18, 26, 29; June18; dusk. Total man-hours: 40. Census: N. (%)]: A (7.645.2 cm) 645, 66, 6, 27; B (15 3- between dawn and 1000 or 1700 to dusk. Total Parula, 33 (371, 150); Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 22.9 cm) 195, 20, 5.4, 26; C (23-38.1 cm) 125, man-hours:40. Census:White-eyed Vireo, 17 17 (191, 77); Great Crested Flycatcher, 13 13, 9.3, 43; D (38.2-53.3 cm) 5, 0.5, 0 8, 4 (210,85), Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 16 (198, 80); (146, S9);Tufted Titmouse,10 (112, 45); Red- Shrubstems/ha, 435; groundcover 56%, can- N. Parula, 1S (185, 75); Hooded Warbler, 9 eyedVireo, 10; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 6 (67, opycover 72%; averagecanopy height 18 7 m (111, 45); Tufted Titmouse,7.S (93, 48); Red- 27); ProthonotaryWarbler, 6; Cardinal, 6; (range16-23.5). One large intermittentpond eyedVireo, 6 (74, 30); Swainsoh'sWarbler, 6; Acadian Flycatcher, S.S (62, 25); White- system is situated near the centre and two Cardinal, 6; Carolina Wren, S (62, 25); Pro- breasted Nuthatch, 4 (45, 18); Hooded War- other such ponds encroachon the S-E and thonotaryWarbler, S; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 4 bler, 4; Yellow-throatedWarbler, 3.S(39, 16); N-E corners.These areas, totalling approx- (49, 20); Acadian Flycatcher, 4; Wood Carolina Chickadee, 3 (34, 14); Carolina imately 1 ha, are characterizedby small-size Thrush, 4; Carolina Chickadee,3 (38, 1S); Wren, 3; White-eyedVireo, 3; Brown-headed White Cedar, medium-sized White Birch and Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 3 (males); Wood Thrush, 2.S; Pine ash.None of the 5 randomlychosen plots sam- Cowbird, 2; Summer Tanager, 2; Chimney Warbler, 2.S; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; pledthis smallerhabitat type. An old logging Swift, 1; Pileareal Woodpecker, 1; Great Downy Woodpecker,2; Wood Duck, 1.S; road traversesthe length of the plot and evi- Crested Flycatcher, 1; White-breastedNut- ChimneySwift, 1; Ruby-throatedHumming- dence of former clear-cuttingis plentiful hatch, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Rufous-sided bird, 1; E. Wood Pewee,1; Swainsoh'sWar- Although not stronglyreflected by the col- Towhee,1; Gray Catbird,0.S; Barred Owl, +; bler, 1; SummerTanager, 1; BarredOwl, +; lecteddata, it is apparentthat Large-toothed DownyWoodpecker, +; Corn.Crow, +; Fish Pileated Woodpecker,+. Total: 28 species; Aspen(9 C-sizetrees, 11 B-size,5 A-size)lS the Crow, +; Corn. Grackle, +. Total: 29 species; 145.5 territorial males (1634/km 2, 661/100 current dominant canopy speciesand that 120 territorial males (1483/km •, 600/100 acres).Visitors: Yellow-crownedNight Heron, SugarMaple (6 C-size, 12 B-size,85 A-stze)Is acres).Visitors: Yellow-crownedNight Heron White Ibis, Red-shoulderedHawk, Mourning a very strongsecondary dominant. Numerous and White Ibis. Remarks: For a discussion of Dove, Blue Jay, Com. Crow, and Fish Crow. matureaspen exhibit die-off and it is probably
50 AmericanBirds, January 1980 •nevitablethat the maplewill soonbe the pri- tensts) Also prominent are Com Milkweed males, increased to 3 for the first time Factors mary overstoryspecies Edge: The areasadja- (Ascleptascyrtaca), Swamp Loosestrife (Deco- affectingthe bird life this year were below- cent to the N, E, and S edgesare of similar don verticillatus), Rye Grass (Eylmus cana- average temperature and increased human habitat. The predominantaspen-maple com- densis)and Rice Cutgrass(Leersia oryzoMes). activity (joggers) in the ravine. --ERIC mumty continues to be occasionallyinter- A quantitativesurvey of the vegetationgave NASMITH, 28 Donwoods Drive, Toronto, rupted by relatively small intermittent pond the followingresults: Trees 3-in. diameter and Ont., Canada M4N 2G1. areas To the W of the plot the hardwoodcom- over, based on ten 0.1 acre circular samples, mumtybegins to loseits relativehomogeneity 31/acre; total basalarea 43.4 ft2/acre.Species 27. ASPEN FOREST (19 YR). -- Location: within 50-100 m of its boundary.A heteroge- comprising90% of the total number of trees: Minnesota;Cass Co., ChippewaNat'l Forest, neous,interspersed patchwork of deciduous, Red Oak, 14, 45, 57, 50; Sugar Maple, 5, 16, NE ¬ ofSE l& Sec.16, T145N, R30W; Penning- coniferous,mixed, and pond habitat typesis 24, 40; Am. Basswood,4, 13, 14, 20; Choke ton Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New to be found 100-150 m beyond the edge. Cherry(Prunus virginiana), 3, 10, 1, 10; White Size: 7.08 ha = 17.5 acres.Description of Plot: Topography: Rugged with numerous rock Oak (Quercusalba), 2, 7, 2, 10. Treesby diam- Dominant canopyspecies is Quaking Aspen outcroppingthat characterizethe Canadian eter size class: A (3-6 in.) 5, 11, 0.5, 1; B (6-9 OVopulustremuloides) with an averageheight Shield in this region. Elevation: 76-91 m. in.) 1, 3, 0.3, 1; C (9-15 in.) 7, 23, 5.6, 13; D of about 35-40 ft. There were also scattered Weather: See Census58. Coverage 1978: June (15-21 in.) 14, 45, 25.9, 60; E (21-27 in.) 2, 6.5, Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera), Am. Bass- 3, 7, 12, 22, 28; July6, 15; Aug. 10, 18;9 trips: 6.2, 14; F (27-33 in.) 2, 6.5, 4.9, 11. Shrubs wood (Tilia americana), and Am. Elm (Ulmus 8 between0519-0822 hours, EDT; 1 trip 1810- stems/acre 550; ground cover 73%; canopy americana).Understory species included hazels 2011 Total man-hours: 18.1. Census: Oven- cover37%; canopyheight 58 ft (range48-75). (Corylusspp.); Wburnum spp.;Amelanchier bird, 9 (90, 36); Red-eyedVireo, 5 (50, 20); Edge: The W and E edgesare borderedby spp.; Cornus spp.; and Prunus spp. Edge: ScarletTanager, 3 (30, 12);Brown Creeper, 2; similar habitat, the N and S edgesat the W Borderedon N and S by more mature, mixed Veery, 2; Green-wingedTeal, 1; Yellow- end by marshland, and the E end by similar hardwoods;on W by 6 ft Red Pine plantation belhedSapsucker, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; habitat.Topography: Rolling sand dunes, form- and on E by similar cover.Topography: Flat E Wood Pewee,1; Blue Jay, 1; Black-capped ing irregular ridgesrunning in an E-W direc- Coverage: May 23, 28; June 6, 10, 20, 23, Chickadee, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; N. Water- tion. Flevation:575-590 fl. Weather: Generally 0630-1130. Total man-hours: 10. Census: thrush, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Purple Finch, 1; 60-70% cloud cover, warm, with light winds. Red-eyed Vireo, 6.5 (92, 37); Am. Redstart, Goshawk, +; Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Am. • Coverage:June 1, 3, 5, 7, 12, 14, 19, 21, 23, 25, 4.5 (64, 26); Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 3 (42, Woodcock, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +; 27; between 0500-0900 and 1830-2030, EST. 17); Ovenbird,2.5; Veery, 1; Black-and-white Rose-breastedGrosbeak, +. Total: 20 species; Total man-hours: 35. Census: E. Wood Warbler, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 1, 31 territorial males (310/km 2, 126/100 acres). Pewee,17.5 (234, 95); Red-wingedBlackbird, Mourning Warbler, 0.5; Ruffed Grouse, +, Visitors: Great Blue Heron, Ruffed Grouse, 17.5; Tree Swallow,11 (147, 59); Yellow War- Blue Jay, +: Am. Robin, +; Nashville War- Killdeer, Mourning Dove, Great Crested bler, 9 (120, 49); Com. Yellowthroat, 6.5 (87, bler, +; Chestnut-sided Warbler, +; Brown- Flycatcher, Tree Swallow, Purple Martin, 35); Great Crested Flycatcher, 5 (67, 27); headedCowbird, +; SongSparrow, +. Total: Com Crow, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Winter HouseWren, 5; Starling,5; N. Oriole, 5; Com. 15 species;20 territorial males(282/km •, 114/ Wren, Am. Robin, Swalnson's Thrush, Grackle, 5; E. Kingbird, 3.5 (47, 19); Red- 100 acres). -- DONALD RAKSTAD and Golden-crownedKinglet, Magnolia Warbler, headed Woodpecker,2; Song Sparrow, 1.5; JOItN R. PROBST, North Central Forest Black-throatedGreen Warbler, Red-winged Mallard, 1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Corn. ExperimentStation, USDA ForestService, St Blackbird,Com. Grackle,Evening Grosbeak, Flicker, 1; Warbling Vireo, 1; Brown-headed Paul, Minn. 55108. Am Goldfinch. Remarks: The teal and water- Cowbird, 1. Total: 18 species;98.5 territorial thrush territories as well as one of the two males or females (1316/km 2, 532/100 acres). 28. BIRCH - ELM - ASH FOREST. -- creeperterritories were stronglyassociated Remarks: Nests found (28): Tree Swallow, 7; Location: Minnesota; Clearwater Co., Univ. ot with the intermittentpond/White Cedar hab- Red-wingedBlackbird, 7; E. Kingbird, 3; N. Minn. Forestryand Biological Station, Itssea itat type. Nestsfound: Goshawk,sapsucker, Oriole, 3; Red-headedWoodpecker, 2; House State Park; 47ø10'N, 95ø12'W. Continuity: Hairy Woodpecker,Veery. A woodcockwas Wren, 2; Com. Grackle,2; Mallard, 1; Starling, New. Size: 8.7 ha = 21.5 acres (surveyed) observedwith young on May 26. A female 1. Special thanks to Jon McCracken and Description of Plot: The dominant canopy Rose-breasted Grosbeak feeding fledged Murray Palmer for laying-outthe censusgrid. treesare birch (Betula, sp.), Am. Elm (UImus youngon July6 wasthe onlyregistration for --PETER VERBURG (compiler),Long Point americana), and Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) thisspecies. This surveywas 1 of 4 conducted Bird Observatory,Port Rowan, Ontario, Can- Most prominent in the understoryare Bass- aspart of a baselinestudy associated with the ada, NOE 1MO. wood (Tills americana), ash, and Ironwood developmentof a proposedOntario Hydro (Ostryavirginians). The groundcover consists GeneratingStation at ChatsFalls on the Ottawa 26. WOODED CITY RAVINE. -- Loca- mainly of Equisetum arvense, Ostrich Fern River Thanks to Ontario Hydro for permis- tion: Ontario; York Co., Toronto, Moore Park (Matteucia struthiopterus),and Blue Cohosh sionto publishtheir data and to WalterSarafyn Ravine, between Moore Ave. and Chor- (Caulophyllumthalictroides). A quantitative for assistancewith the vegetationanalysis. -- ley Park; 43ø41'N, 79ø22'30"W.Continuity: survey of the vegetationgave the following TERRY N. TOBIAS, and ROB R. EVANS. Established1966; 10 intermittent years.Size: results: Trees 3-in. diameter and over, based The Proctor & Redfern Group, 75 Eglinton 20 ha = 49.4 acres. Description of Plot: See on ten 0.1-acre circular samples, 365 trees/ Ave East, Toronto, Ontario. M4P 1H3. AB 25:993 (1971). Weather: 7 days sunny, 6 acre; total basal area 316 ft'/acre. Species cloudy.Average temperature 57øF (45ø-72ø). comprising 90% of the total number of trees 25. RED OAK-SUGAR MAPLE SAVAN- Coverage:Apr. 29; May 2, 13, 17, 23, 29; June Am. Elm, 113, 31, 17, 100; birch, 74, 20, 53, NAH. -- Location: Ontario; Haldimand- 9, 13, 16-18, 20; July 6; 0615-1000. Total 70; Black Ash, 46, 13, 11, 60; dead trees, 41, Norfolk RegionalMunicipality, Port Rowan, man-hours: 21. Census:Am. Robin, 6 (30, 12); 11, 5, 70; spruce(Picea, sp.), 35, 10, 3, 50; Bal- 6 mi E of Long Point Provincial Park on Cardinal, 5 (25, 10); Wood Thrush, 4 (20, 8); sam Fir (Abies balsamea), 27, 7, 4, 90. Trees Sqmre'sRidge; 42ø33'N, 80ø16'W, Big Rice Downy Woodpecker,3 (15, 6); Great Crested by diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 96, 26, 9.6, Bay, Dept. of Energy,Mines and Resources, Flycatcher,3; Blue Jay, 3; N. Oriole, 3; Com. 3; B (6-9 in.) 78, 21, 24, 8; C (9-15 in.) 128, 35, Ottawa. Continuity:New. Size: 7.5 ha = 18.5 Grackle, 3; Mourning Dove, 2; Black-capped 102, 32; D (15-21 in.) 13, 4, 23, 7; E (21-27 in.) acres(rectangular, surveyed). Description of Chickadee,2; Gray Catbird, 2; Starling, 2; E. 49, 13, 152, 48. Shrub stems/acre900; ground Plot: Includestwo dune ridgesseparated by a Wood Pewee, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1; cover64%; canopycover 65%; averagecanopy wetland basin. The dominant canopytrees are Indigo Bunting, 1; SongSparrow, 1. Total: 16 height55 ft (range30-75). Edge: Borderedby Red Oak (Quercusrubra), SugarMaple (Acer species;42 territorialmales (210/km 2, 85/100 similar habitat on all sides,with the exception saccharum), and Am. Basswood(Tilia amer- acres).Remarks: Regularlyrecorded species of a cat-tail marsh to the E. Topography: tcana) The majorityof the plot is grassland that recovered from zero in 1978 are: Mourn- Mostly fiat but with low areasin the E section savannahwith extremelyfew shrubsor saplings. ing Dove, chickadee,catbird, Song Sparrow. and a small hill in the SW corner. Elevation: The onlyshrub species present is ButtonBush Decliningto zero statusare: White-breasted 1457 ft. Weather. Variable.Coverage: Jaly 2-5, (Cephalanthusoccidentalis), found in the wet Nuthatch, Red-eyedVireo, and Brown-headed between 0500-0700 and 1830-2100 hours zonesbetween the ridges.The groundcover is Cowbird. Both Great CrestedFlycatcher and Total man-hours:17.5. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, primarilygrasses, Canada Blue Grass(Poa E. Wood Pewee declined. Northern Oriole, 25 (287, 116); Ovenbird, 21 (241, 98); N. Par- compressa),and Kentucky Blue Grass •. pra- whichin 9 yearshas had 6 yearsof 2 territorial ula, 12 (138, 56); Corn. Yellowthroat, 8.5 (98,
Volume 34, Number 1 51 40), Black-throated Green Warbler, 85, Warbler, 4 5 (71, 29), Red-eyedVireo, 3 (47, at the N end, adjacent to the residentialarea, Blackburntan Warbler, 8 (92, 37), Great 19), Am Redstart,3, MourningWarbler, 2 5, whilethe Starlingpopulation concentrated to CrestedFlycatcher, 6 (69, 28); Veery,6; Am. Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 2; Veery, 1.5; Am. the S end next to the golf course.No obvious Redstart,5 (57, 23); Hairy Woodpecker,4 (46, Robin, 1; Ovenbird, 1; White-throatedSpar- reasonfor this could be seen. Young seen 19); Least Flycatcher,4; White-breastedNut- row, 1; SongSparrow, 1; NashvilleWarbler, included Canada Goose, Mallard, Red- hatch,4; Black-cappedChickadee, 3 (34, 14); 0.5; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +; Corn. headedWoodpecker, Corn. Flicker,Am. Robin BrownCreeper, 3; Winter Wren, 3; Black- Flicker, +; Blue Jay, +; Gray Catbird, +; andStarling. Visited Ruffed Grouse and Corn and-white Warbler, 3; Yellow-bellied Sap- Golden-wingedWarbler, +; Brown-headed Nighthawkwere seen for the first time. Other sucker,2; Downy Woodpecker,2; Chestnut- Cowbird,+. Total: 17 species;21 territorial visitorsincluded Killdeer, SpottedSandpiper, sided Warbler, 2; Broad-winged Hawk, 1; males (331/km 2, 134/100 acres).-- DONALD Mourning Dove, E. Kingbird and Barn Swal- Ruby-throatedHummingbird. 1; Yellow- RAKSTAD and JOHN R. PROBST, North low. -- BETTY CHALLIS, Oakland Audu- rumpedWarbler, 1. Total: 22 species;133 ter- Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA bon Society, 2335 Pontiac Lk. Rd., Pontiac, ritorial males (1529/km 2, 619/100 acres). Vis- Forest Service, St. Paul, Minn. 55108. Mich. 48054. itors: Blue Jay. Corn. Crow, Song Sparrow. Remarks: Seenbefore the censusbegan were a 31. UPLAND MAPLE-OAK FOREST. -- 33. OAK-HICKORY-MAPLE FOREST. Pdeated Woodpecker, and a Brown Creeper Location: Wisconsin; Waukesha Co., Falk -- Location: Illinois; McLean Co.. Moraine nest with young.Three Ovenbirdfledglings Woods Nature ConservancyArea, 3 mi S of View State Park, 3 mi S Ellsworth; T22N, and a flock of Cedar Waxwings were seen Waukesha, 2.5 mi S of intersectionof County R4E, SE 1/4, Sec 34, Arrowsmith Quad- after the census. We thank the Field Ornithol- HighwaysA and F; 42ø56'N.88ø14'W. Muskego rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1976, ogyclass for assistancewith surveyingthe grid Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 13 ha = 32 acres and obtainingthe habitat analysis.Special 1977; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 5.4 ha = 13.3 Description of Plot: See AB 31:43 (1977) thanks to Barb Knuth, Missy Martin, Tom acres. Description of Plot: See AB 32:66 Coverage:June 3, 7, 10-11, 18, 20-22; between Ptacekand JohnThompson for assistingwith (1978).Weather: Normal temperatures; below 0600-0900. Total man-hours: 15. Census: the census. -- SARAH PONTO and ELAINE normal rainfall. Coverage:May 27; June 10, HouseWren, $ (38, 16); Red-eyedVireo. 4 (31, LOEFFLER. 3314 UlyssesSt. N.E., Minneap- 18-19. 22, 30; 0600-1015. Total man-hours: 13); E. Wood Pewee,3 (23, 9); Indigo Bunting, olis, Minn. 5.5418. 11. Census:E. Wood Pewee,2; Blue Jay, 2; 3; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 2; Great CrestedFly- Red-eyedVireo, 2; Wood Thrush, 1.5; Corn. catcher,2; Blue Jay. 2; Tufted Titmouse,2, 29. MATURE ASPEN - NORTHERN Flicker, 1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; Gray Cat- Am. Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Rose- HARDWOODS FOREST. -- Location: Min- bird, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Rufous-sided breasted Grosbeak, 2; Red-bell[ed Wood- nesota;Cass Co., on the Pike Bay Experimen- Towhee, 1; Brown Thrasher, 0.$; Rose- pecker, 1; Red-headedWoodpecker, 1; Hairy tal Forest, ChippewaNat'l Forest: NE 'A of breastedGrosbeak. 0.5; Indigo Bunting, 0.$; Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1, SE V4,Sec. 6, T144N, R30W; Pike Bay Quad- Corn.Crow, +. Total: 13species; 14 territorial Black-cappedChickadee, 1; KentuckyWar- rangle, USGS. Continuity: 2 intermittent males (260/kin 2, 105/100 acres). Visitors: bler, 1; Ovenbird,1; ScarletTanager, 1, Car- years (smaller subplot of area censusedin Red-headedWoodpecker, Great Cr•sted Fly- dinal, 1; Whip-poor-will,+; Corn.Flicker, +. 1977). Size: 12.5 ha = 30.9 acres.Description catcher, Black-capped Chickadee, White- Com. Crow, +: Brown-headed Cowbird, +, of Plot: See AB 32:65 (1977). Coverage: May breasted Nuthatch. Cedar Waxwing, Corn. Cedar Waxwing, +. Total: 25 species;38 ter- 24, 28; June $, 11, 23, 25; 0600-1100.Total Grackle.Remarks: Fledglings noted: Downy ritorial males (293/km 2, 119/100 acres) man-hours: 16. Census:Least Flycatcher, 17 Woodpecker,Blue Jay. -- BOB ADAMS, Remarks:The populationdensity and com- (136.55); Red-eyedVireo, 15 (120, 49); Oven- JOHN BIELEFELDT, VERN AUNE (com- positionwas about the same as last year The bird, 10 (80, 32); E. Wood Pewee, 2.5; Great piler), BenjaminF. GossBird Club, S. 13 W. increasednumber of HouseWrens was the only CrestedFlycatcher. 1; Veery,1; Black-throated 22167Ridge Road, Waukesha,Wis. 53186. significant change recorded. -- DALE E Green Warbler, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Hairy BIRKENIffOLZ, Ill. State Univ., Normal, Ill Woodpecker,0.5: Broad-wingedHawk, +; 32. MATURE MIXED HARDWOOD 61761. Black-billed Cuckoo.+; Ruby-throatedHum- FOREST. -- Location: Michigan; Oakland mingbird, +; Yellow-belliedSapsucker, +; Co.; Southfield Civic Center Nature Area: 4T 34. BLACK OAK-SASSAFRAS WOODS. DownyWoodpecker, +; Blue Jay, +; Black- 30'N, 83ø15'W, Royal Oak Quadrangle, -- Location: Indiana; Porter Co., 1.5 mi E cappedChickadee, +: White-breastedNut- USGS. Continuity: Established1974; 6 con- intersection of Rtes 49 and 12, within Indiana hatch, +; Winter Wren, +; Am. Robin, +; secutive years. Size: 9.3 ha = 23 acres. DunesNational Lakeshore.Area bisectedby Am. Redstart. +; N. Oriole, +; Brown-headed Description of Plot: See AB 28:1005-1006 countryroad and bridle path; 41ø39'N,87 ø Cowbird.+; Chipping Sparrow,+. Total: 23 (1974).Weather: Temperatures38-72øF; over- 02'W, Dune Acres Quadrangle,USGS Con- species;49 territorial males (392/km•, 159/ cast on 4 trips with some diqzzle, otherwise tinuity: Established1974; 6 consecutiveyears 100 acres). --DONALD RAKSTAD and clearand calm.Max. wind 10 mph. May was Size: 22.22 ha = 54.9 acres. Descriptionof JOHN R. PROBST, North Central Forest dry and cool; June wet and cool. Coverage: Plot: See AB 28:1007 (1974). Weather: Cold, ExperimentStation, &XDA ForestService, St. Apr. 28; May 2, 4, 9-11, 22, 30; June 1, $, 7; late,wet spring after bitter winterof earlyand Paul, Minn. 55108. between 0530-0800 or 2000-2200, EDT. Total heavysnow. Early May had $ very hot days man-hours:15. Census:Starling, 11 (118, 48); then backto the 40sagain. Coverage: Apr 15 30. YOUNG ASPEN FOREST. -- Loca- Corn. Flicker, 8 (86, 35); Red-headedWood- - July 7; 25 early morningtrips. Total man- tion: Minnesota;Itasca Co.; ChippewaNat'l pecker, 5 (54. 22); Downy Woodpecker,5; hours: 63.5. Census: Rufous-sided Towbee, 9 Forest; SE '/4 of NW '/4, Sec. 36, T148N, Cardinal,5; SongSparrow, 4.5 (48, 20); Ring- (41, 16): Field Sparrow,7 (32, 13); Gray Cat- R26W; BowstringLake Quadrangle.USGS. necked Pheasant, 4 (43, 17); Am. Robin. 4: bird. 6 (27, 11); Brown Thrasher. 3 (14, 5), Continuity: New. Size: 6.35 ha = 15.7 acres. Red-wingedBlackbird, 4; Mallard. 3 (32, 13); Corn. Yellowthroat,3; Great CrestedFlycatch- Descriptionof Plot: Averageheight about 20 BlueJay, 3; E. WoodPewee, 2; Corn.Crow, 2; er, 2; Blue-wingedWarbler, 2: Indigo Bunt- ft (16-25)with QuakingAspen (Populus trem- Corn. Grackle, 2; Canada Goose, 1; Am. Kes- ing, 2; Mallard, 1; Mourning Dove. 1; Corn uloides)the dominant species.Canopy cover- trel, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Great Crested Flicker,1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Veery, agealso included Balsam Poplar (P. balsami- Flycatcher,1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; White- 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Golden-wingedWar- fera) and Paper Birch (Betulapapyrtfera) with breastedNuthatch, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Red- bler, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1, Car- scattered Basswood (Tilia americana). The eyedVireo, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Am. Gold- dinal, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1. Total: 19 shrublayer was primarily comprised of Beaked finch, 1. Total: 24 species;72.5 territorial species;45 territories(203/km 2, 82/100 acres) Hazel (Corylus cornuta), with Mountain males (779/km •, 315/100 acres). Remarks: Remarks: Nestslocated: Mallard. Mourning Maple (Acerspicatum), Round-leaf Dogwood Number of nestingspecies is the lowestin 6 Dove. There were fewer cowbirds than last (Cornusrugosa), Viburnum spp., and Amel- years, however territorial male numbers year.- EMMA B. PITCHER, 1159 E 56th anchier spp. Edge: Borderedon S and W by increasedfrom last year; notable was Red- Street, Chicago,Ill. 60637. similar vegetation,on N by 80-ft wide power winged Blackbirds from 2 to 4 and Red- line swath. The E border is a gravel road. headed Woodpeckersfrom 2 to 5. The Red- 35. MIXED HARDWOOD REGENER- Topography:Essentially flat. Coverage:May headedWoodpecker / Starling relationship ATING. -- Location: Ohio; Fairfield Co, 25, 29; June 7, 12, 21. 26; 0600-0900. Total wasinteresting; the Red-headedWoodpecker BernTownship, 1 mi W of SugarGrove and 6 man-hours: 13. Census: Chestnut-sided populationwas quite markedlyconcentrated mi S of Lancaster;39ø37'30"N, 82ø30'W, NE
52 AmericanBirds, January 1980 1/4 LancasterQuadrangle, USGS Con.tinuity: tus Run and the lower level ot the NE-tacmg understoryare PussyWillow (Sahx dtacolor) Established 1976, 4 consecutiveyears Size: slope There is someevidence that a recovery and Nannyberry (Vtburnum lentago) The 20 2 ha = 50 acres. Description of Plot: See trend has startedfollowing the two successxvely groundcover is primarily a sedge-grassmix- AB 31:45 (1977). Weather: 49-65øF; half trips stresstBl winters. Parasitism by the Brown- ture (Carex tenutflora)and blue-grass(Poa, overcast,half clear. Coverage:May 15 - June headed Cowbird was not recorded. Fifteen sp.).Several extensive patches of Wild Sarsap- 12, 10 trips, majority 0700-0930. Total man- nests were located. Corrections: (AB 33:65- arilla (airalia nudicaulis)achieve nearly 100ø70 hours 22. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 10 (49, 66); in the vegetationalsurvey delete the word ground cover in local areas. Ostrich Fern 20), AcadianFlycatcher, 7 (35, 14); Ovenbird, "yellow";in "shrubsand seedlingsper acre", •atteuccia struthiopteris) dominates the 7, Worm-eating Warbler, 4 (20, 8); Great delete "670.01" and substitute "67 (.01 acre groundcover in patchesalong the NW corner CrestedFlycatcher, 3 (15, 6); WoodThrush, 3; stations)"; changethe man-hoursto 120 to Other important componentsof the ground Kentucky Warbler, 3; Scarlet Tanager, 3; E. conformwith the 1979 methodof computing. flora wereGreen Ash seedlings, Canada This- Wood Pewee, 2; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 2; WheatonClub membersand guestsof Edward tle (Cirsium arvense), Coneflower (Rudbeckta Black-and-white Warbler, 2; Cerulean War- S. Thomas. -- A. It. CLAUGUS (compiler), laciniata)and Blue-joint(Calamagrostis cana- bler, 2; Hooded Warbler, 2; Cardinal, 2; 228S. Lake St., Carey,Ohio 43316. densis).Hazel (Coryluscornuta and C. amer- Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 1; Red-bellied Wood- icana), Raspberry(Rubus idaeus)and Snow- pecker,1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; Carolina 37. VIRGIN BEECH-MAPLE FOREST. berry (Symphoricarpusalbus) were the most Chickadee, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Turkey -- Location: Ohio; Preble Co., Hueston important componentsof the shrub layer. A Vulture, +; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +; Woods State Park, 4 mi N of Oxford near quantitative examinationof the vegetation E Phoebe, +; Blue .Jay, +; Com. Crow, +; intersectionof Brown and Main Loop Rds.; wasbased on 15 0.1 acre circular plots: Trees White-breastedNuthatch, +; White-eyedVireo, SE 1/4,SW ¬ (erroneouslyreported as E 1/2,SE 2-in. diameter and over 259/acre, total basal +, Blue-wingedWarbler, +; TennesseeWar- ¬) Sec.34, T6N, R1E, CollegeCorner Quad- area,.88.7 ft2/acre.Species comprising 98% of bler, +; N. Parula, +; Magnolia Warbler, +; rangle, USGS. Continuity:Established 1973; the total number of trees: Green Ash, 121, 47, Black-throated Green Warbler, +; Louisiana 6 intermittent years. Size: 6.1 ha = 15 acres. 54, 100; Box-elder,47, 18, 24, 80; PussyWil- Waterthrush, +; Brown-headedCowbird, +; Descriptionof Plot: See AB 28:1009-1010 low, 37, 14, 3, 40; Balsam Poplar (Populus Rufous-sidedTowhee, +. Total: 34 species;57 (1974). Weather: Late spring was warm, dry balsamifera),17, 6, 8, 7: Nannyberry,15, 6, T, territorial males (282/km 2, 114/100 acres). and summerlike. Coverage:June 1, 4-7. 9, 33; Choke Cherry (Prunusvirginiana), 5, 5, 1, Remarks: Three of 4 Red-eyed Vireo nests 12-13, 15-16; between0600-0730, 0730-1100, 47; Bur Oak (Quercusmacrocarpa), 3, 2, 9, found were unsuccessful.The previouslycom- and 2100-2215. Total man-hours: 32. Census: 27. Treesby diameterclass: A (2-6 in.) 135, 54, mon Carolina Wren was not heard this year. Acadian Flycatcher,10.5 (173, 70); Red-eyed 14.9, 11; B (6-9 in.) 62, 25, 33.1, 25; C (9-15 in ) -- ANN BINGAMAN (compiler),DALE EIC- Vireo, 8.5 (140, 57); Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 41, 16, 47.3, 35; D (15+ in.) 13, 5, 37.9, 28 ItER, ESTItER REICItELDERFER, E. E. 4.5 (74, 30); Cardinal, 4.5; E. Wood Pewee,3 Shrubstems/acre: 1123; ground cover 44.3%, GOOD, and TOM WOOD, Ohio Itistorical (49, 20); Brown-headed Cowbird, 3; Red- canopycover 52%; average canopy height 55 ft Soctety,1982 Velma Ave., Columbus, Ohio headed Woodpecker, 2.5; Yellow-billed (range12-70). Edge: Borderedon all sidesby 43211 Cuckoo, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Great similar forest. On two sides, the NE end lies CrestedFlycatcher, 2: CeruleanWarbler, 2; within 60 m of the Oxbow slough.Topog- 36. NEOTOMA VALLEY. -- Location: Com. Flicker, 1; Pileated Woodpecker, l; raphy: Essentiallyflat. Elevation: About 818 Ohio, HockingCo., Good Hope Township, Red-belliedWoodpecker, 1; Tufted Titmouse, fl. Weather: Clear, warm and relatively calm NW 1/4, Sec.16, T13N, R18W; approximately 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Gray Catbird, with only one overcast,windy morning in 39ø36'N,82ø34'W, RockbridgeQuadrangle, 0.5; Wood Thrush, 0.5; KentuckyWarbler, which the wind reached or exceeded (Beau- USGS Continuity: Established1978. Size: 0.5; Wood Duck, +; Barred Owl, +; Hairy fort) force 3. Coverage:June 6-7, 11, 15, 25, Approximately20.2 ha = 50 acres.Descrip- Woodpecker,+; ProthonotaryWarbler, +; 27, 29; July3; between0530-1500 hours, CDT tion of Plot: See AB 33:37-38 (1979). Weather: Indigo Bunting,+. Total: 24 species;51 ter- Total man-hours: 25. Census: Yellow War- No unusualpatterns. Coverage: June 2-4. ritorial ales or females (840/km 2, 340/100 bler, 48 (320, 129);Least Flycatcher,23.5 (157, Total: Approximately115 man-hours(31 acres). Visitors: Blue Jay, Com. Crow, 63); Mourning Dove, 15 (100, 40); N. Oriole, membersof the Wheaton Club and guestspres- Carolina Chickadee,Veery, Yellow-throated 10 (67, 27); WarblingVireo, 7.5 (50, 20); Red- ent for a few hours June 2; for most of June 3 Vireo, Warbling Vireo, N. Waterthrush,Com. eyed Vireo, 5 (33, 13); Am. Goldfinch, 4.5 (30, a m, the compilerJune 3 p.m. and all day Yellowthroat, Am. Redstart, House Sparrow, 12); Gray Catbird, 4 (27, 11); HouseWren, 3.5 June 4. Census: Wood Thrush, 11 (54, 22); N. Oriole, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Mean (23, 9); E. Wood Pewee,3 (20, 8); Corn. Yellow- Red-eyedVireo, 9 (44, 18);Acadian Flycatcher, totals for 1973 through 1977 are 33.8 species throat, 3; E. Kingbird,2.5; RuffedGrouse, 2, 8 (40, 16); Scarlet Tanager, 6 (30, 12); E. and 91.2 territorial males or females. The 29% Great Crested Flycatcher, 2; Rose-breasted WoodPewee, 4 (20, 8); CeruleanWarbler, 4; decreasein total speciesin 1979 may be a Grosbeak,2; Clay-coloredSparrow, 2; Black- Ovenbird,4; DownyWoodpecker, 3 (15, 6); resultof the censusperiod being delayed until billed Cuckoo, 1.5; Yellow-throated Vireo, BlueJay, 3; White-breastedNuthatch, 3; Ken- June 1, when speciessuch as the Carolina 1.5; Song Sparrow,1; Red-tailedHawk, +, tucky Warbler,3; Yellow-billedCuckoo, 2; Chickadeehave often completednesting, and Great Horned Owl, +; Downy Woodpecker, Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2; Great Crested becausemany of the lesscommon species did +. Total: 22 species;141.5 territorial males or Flycatcher,2; CarolinaChickadee, 2; Tufted not nestwithin the plot. The relativelyconser- females (943/km 2, 382/100 acres). Visitors: Titmouse, 2; Yellow-throated Vireo, 2; vativeinterpretation of the 1979data, in addi- Cooper's Hawk, Broad-wingedHawk, Blue Worm-eatingWarbler, 2; Brown-headedCow- tion to the decreasein species,largely explains Jay,White-breasted Nuthatch, Cedar Waxwing, bird, 2; Cardinal,2; IndigoBunting, 2; Ruffed the 44% decrease in territorial males or Mourning Warbler, Am. Redstart, Brown- Grouse,1; Whip-poor-will,1; Ruby-throated females.Acadian Flycatchers,Red-eyed Vireos headed Cowbird. Remarks: Nests found (6) Hummingbird,1; Pileated Woodpecker,1; and Blue-grayGnatcatchers consistently have Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1, Hairy Woodpecker,1; E. Phoebe,1; Corn. the highestbreeding densities. Thanks to the MourningDove, 2; YellowWarbler, 2. Three Crow, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Blue-grayGnat- Ohio Department of Natural Resourcesfor youngGreat HornedOwls successfully fledged catcher,1; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; Loui- permissionto conductthis study. --JOHNA. by June 11 and were seenfor the remainder of siana Waterthrush, 1; Hooded Warbler, 1; SMALLWOOD and PATRICIA T. KOZU- the censuses.The numberof youngRed-tailed Summer Tanager, 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; SKO, Miami University,Oxford, Ohio 45056. Hawks was not determined but both adults Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Song Sparrow, 1. werepresent throughout the period.Sightings Total: 37 species;94 territorial males 38. GREEN ASH-BOX-ELDER FOREST. of at least one bird each of Cooper's and (females),(465 pairs/km•, 188 pairs/100 -- Location: Manitoba; 2.4 km W and 6.1 km Broad-wingedHawks were made through early acres) Remarks: Habitat changes were con- N of Oakland, about 500 m W of the munic- June; both may have nestedin the area. The fined to those which are normally brought ipal road;50ø10'N, 98ø21'W, MacDonald, 62 extremely high density of Yellow Warblers aboutby growthand weather.The valleywas J/1 West. Continuity: New. Size: 15 ha = was probably related to the luxuriant Beaked apparentlywithin the territoriesof the Red- 37.07 acres(500 m NE-SW; 50 m grid laid out Hazel and Snowberry growth, particularly tailed and Broad-wingedhawks, Screech, with compassand measuredrope). Descrip- alongthe SE and NE boundaries.Least Fly- Great Horned,and Barred owls.The low den- tion of Plot: The dominant canopy trees are catcherswere distributedevenly between the sityof theAcadian Flycatcher isbelieved to be Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)and densesubcanopy of BeakedHazel and those a resultof the concentrationof pairs along Arbu- Box-elder(Acer negundo).Prominent in the areaslacking a subcanopy.The Com. Yellow-
Volume 34, Number 1 53 throatswere confined to willowclumps among 100% of the total number of trees (tree/acre, floodplainforest Canopydominated by Cot- existing wet openings This project was made relative density(%), relative dominance,and tonwood (Populus deltotdes) Prominent possiblethrough the Delta Marsh Project. frequencyin that order): Cottonwood,47, shrubsare Buckbrush(Symphoricarpos occt- Thanksto JenniferShay who grantedpermis- 58.75, 92.75, 86.7; Rocky Mountain Red dentalis), W. Wild Rose (Rosa woodsIt), sion to conduct the study at the Univ. of Cedar (Juniperusscopulorum), 31, 38.75, 7.01, SkunkBash (Rhus trilobata), Poison Ivy (Tox- Manitoba Field Station and also to John Lar- 76.7; Green Ash (Fraxinuspennsylvanica), 2, icodendron rydbergii), and Choke Cherry son, Dave McDonald and Kent Whaley who 2.5, 0.23, 6.7. Trees by diameter size class (Prunusvirginiana). Major grassesinclude Big helped set up the plot. -- W. CALVIN M. (trees/acre,relative density(%), basal area in Sand Grass (Calamovilfa longifolia), Ken- CUTHBERT (compiler) and ROBERT E. squarefeet/acre, and relativedominance in tucky Blue Grass(Poa pratensis), and Marsh JONES, Delta Marsh Project,Department of that order): A (3-6 in.) 22.7, 28.3, 2.5, 1.9; B Muhly (Muhlenbergiaracemosa). Major forbs Mines, Natural Resources and Environment, (6.1-9 in.) 9.3, 11.7, 2.5, 4.7; C (9.1-15 in.) include White Sweet Clover (Melilotus alba) 25 Tupper Street N, Portage la Prairie. 12.7, 15.8, 11.4, 15.6; D (15.1-21 in.) 29.3, and Yellow SweetClover (34. officinahs) A Manitoba, Canada R1N 3K1. 36.7, 50.7, 30.1; E (21.1-27 in.) 6, 7.5, 16.4, quantitativesurvey of the vegetationrevealed 47.7. Ground cover 20%. Grassescomprise the following:Trees 3-in. diameter and over 39. RIVER BOTTOM FOREST. -- Loca- 40ø7oof cover, forbs 40ø70,and shrubs 20%. based on 30 points from the point-center tion: Manitoba; HeadingIcy,3 mi SW of vil- Canopycover about 85%; canopyheight 45 to method, 75/acre (185/ha); total basal area lageand 800 m N of Hwy. 241(4 mi W of jcts. over 80 ft (average about 70 ft). Edge: 69.14ft'/acre. Speciescomprising 100% of the of Hwys. 241 and 334); 49ø52'N,97ø3GW, Bordered on SW and NW by the Little Mis- total number of trees (trees/acre,relative den- Winnipeg62 I-I/14. Continuity:Established souri River, on SE by uplandprairie. Topog- sity(%), relativedominance, and frequency in 1977; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 14 ha = 34.6 raphy: Flat. Elevation: 2340 ft. Weather: that order): Cottonwood, 40.6, 54, 91 67, acres. Description of Plot: See AB 33:64 Partlycloudy to clear.Dry throughoutperiod. 96.67; RockyMountain Red Cedar(jumperus (1978). Weather: Normal, calm. Coverage: No precipitation during any census.Tem- scopulorum),32.5, 43, 8.05, 86.67; Green Ash June 5, 7, 9, 15-16, 22, 24, 26, 30; 0500-0800 peratures40-70øF. Wind calm to 15 mph (Fraxinus pennsylvanica),1.9, 3, 0.28, 6 67 hours. Total man-hours: 24. Census: Least mostlyfrom the S or SE. Coverage:June 2, 11, Trees by diameter size class (trees/acre, rel- Flycatcher,22 (157, 64); N. Oriole, 18 (129, 15, 18, 21-24;July 21; betweendawn and 0900 ative density(%), basalarea in squarefeet/ 52); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 18; Am. Robin, and 1930-2035. Total man-hours: 37.2. Cen- acre, and relative dominance in that order) A 3 (21, 9); Red-eyedVireo, 3; Great Crested sus:House Wren, 23 (121,49); Red-eyedVireo, (3-6 in.) 24.4, 32.5, 2.6, 1.8; B (6.1-9 in ) 8 8, Flycatcher,2.5; E. Wood Pewee,2.5; Warbling 18 (95, 38); Mourning Dove, 11 (58, 23); Am. 11.7, 2.5, 4.7; C (9.1-15 in.) 14.4, 19.2, 14 3, Vireo, 2; Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; Philadel- Robin, 9 (47, 19); Rufous-sided Towbee, 9; 16.4; D (15.1-21 in.) 24.4, 32.5, 40.4, 27 3, E phia Vireo, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; YellowWar- Chipping Sparrow,8 (42, 17); Ovenbird, 7.5 (21.1-27 in.) 3.1, 4.2, 9.4, 49.8. Ground cover bler, 1; Wood Thrush, 0.5; Veery, 0.5; Mourn- (39, 16); Corn. Flicker, 7 (37, 15); Black- 25%. Grassescomprise 15% of cover, forbs lng Dove, +; Black-billedCuckoo, +; Hairy headedGrosbeak, 6.5 (34, 14); WarblingVireo, 25%, and shrubs60%. Canopycover about Woodpecker,+; DownyWoodpecker, +; E. 6 (32, 13);E. Kingbird,4 (21, 9); Com.Yellow- 70%; canopyheight 45 to over80 ft (average Kingbird, +; Blue Jay, +; Black-capped throat, 3 (16, 6); Great Horned Owl, 2; Black- about70 ft). Edge:Bordered on S and SE by Chickadee, +; White-breasted Nuthatch, +; capped Chickadee, 2; Brown Thrasher, 2; the Little MissouriRiver, on NW and N by Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 23 species; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; mixed prairie and an abruptly rising butte 76 territorial males(543/km 2, 200/100 acres). Red-headed Woodpecker, 1; Hairy Wood- (Badlands). Topography: Flat. Elevation: Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Great Horned pecker,1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; BlueJay, 1; 2260 ft. Weather:Overcast to clear.Mostly Owl, Corn. Crow, TennesseeWarbler, Oven- Gray Catbird, 1; Starling, 1; Yellow-breasted partlycloudy. Dry throughoutperiod. No pre- bird. Remarks: Nests found: Am. Robin, 3; Chat, 1; Am. Kestrel, +; W. Meadowlark, +; cipitationduring any census.Temperatures DownyWoodpecker, 1. Black-cappedChick- Lazuli Bunting, +; Field Sparrow,+. Total: 28 30-70øF.Winds mostlycalm. Coverage: May adee, Blue Jay, Am. Robin and White- species;127 territorial malesor females(668/ 26; June5, 10, 13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25; July22, breasted Nuthatch fledglings were seen. km2, 270/100 acres).Visitors: Cooper'sHawk, between dawn and 1000 and 2000-2100 Total Increasein numbersresulted in part from lack SpottedSandpiper, Corn. Nighthawk,Cliff man-hours:34. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 16 of disturbance,and increasedfoliage from Swallow,Empidonax sp., Black-billed Mag- (123,50); HouseWren, 12 (92, 37);Mourmng absenceof caterpillars.Spring was extremely pie, Corn. Crow, White-breastedNuthatch, Dove, 11 (84, 34): Rufous-sidedTowhee, 10 5 late, groundnesting birds not establisheduntil Swainson's Thrush, Yellow Warbler, Am. (81, 33); Ovenbird,10 (77, 31);Chipping Spar- mid-June.-- W. H. KOONZ, Dept. of Mines. Redstart, Red-wingedBlackbird. N. Oriole, row, 8.5 (65, 26); WarblingVireo, 8 (61, 25), Natural Resources and Environment, 1495 St. Am. Goldfinch,and SongSparrow. Remarks: Com. Flicker, 5 (38, 16); Com. Yellowthroat, JamesStreet, Winnipeg,Canada R3H OW9. Nests found (22): Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Mourn- 4.5 (35, 14): Black-headedGrosbeak, 4 5, ing Dove, 7; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Great LazuliBunting, 4.5; E. Kingbird,4 (31, 12), 40. COTTONWOOD FLOODPLAIN I. -- Horned Owl, 2; Corn. Flicker, 1; Red-headed Am. Robin, 4; Red-headedWoodpecker, 2, Location: North Dakota; BillingsCo., 1.7 mi Woodpecker,1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; Downy BlueJay, 2: Am. Redstart,2; Field Sparrow, NW Medora; NW 1/4, SW 1/4, Sec. 15, and Woodpecker,1; Brown Thrasher, 2; Black- 2; Red-tailed Hawk, 1: Turkey, 1; Ha:ry SW 1/4, SW 1/4, Sec. 16, T140N, R102W; 46 ø headed Grosbeak, 4; Rufous-sidedTowbee, 1. Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1, 56'N, 103ø33'W,Medora Quadrangle, USGS. A large concentrationof Corn. Grackleswas Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Mallard, +, Continuity:New. Size: 19 ha = 47 acres(irreg- locatedat the SW end. They weretoo numer- Ring-necked Pheasant, +; Yellow-breasted ular shaped;size determinedby planimetric ousto countand sort out into individualpairs Chat, +: Com. Grackle,+. Total: 26 species, measurementfrom aerialphotos, Soil Conser- with nest and dependentyoung. The Red- 115.5 territorial males or females (886/km 2, vation Service).Description of Plot: Mature tailed Hawk nest apparentlyfailed as did one 359/100 acres).Visitors: Black-billedCuckoo, cottonwoodfloodplain forest. Canopy dom- Black-headed Grosbeak nest. Interstate 94 Great Horned Owl, Com. Nighthawk,Black- mated by Cottonwood(Populus deltoides). passeswithin 50 ydsof the southernmostpoint billed Magpie, Com. Crow, Black-capped Prominent shrubs are Buckbrush (3}vmphori- of the plot. This area is located within the Chickadee, White-breasted Nuthatch, Yellow carposoccidentalis), Skunk Bush (Rhus trilo- boundaries of Theodore Roosevelt Nat'l Park Warbler, W. Meadowlark, Orchard Oriole, N bata), and Buffaloberry(Shepherdia argentea). (South Unit). --J. M. WIEHE and FARRON Oriole, Rusty Blackbird, Brown-headedCow- Ground cover fairly sparse. Major species WALLACE, ZoologyDept., N.D. State Univ., bird, Am. Goldfinch, Song Sparrow includeBig SandGrass (Calamovilfa longifolia), Fargo, N.D. 58105. Remarks: Nests found (13): Red-tailed Hawk, Kentucky Blue Grass (Poapratensis), Marsh 1; Turkey, 1; MourningDove, 4; Com. Fhcker, Muhly •uhlenbergia racemosa),Canada Wild- 41. COTTONWOOD FLOODPLAIN II. 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1, rye(Elymus canadensis), Slender Wheat Grass -- Location:North Dakota; BillingsCo., 0.5 House Wren, 1; Black-headedGrosbeak, 2, (Agropyrontrachycaulum), White SweetClover mi SW of Medora, NW 1/4, SE 1/4, Sec. 27, Field Sparrow, 1. This site is located on the (Melilotus alba), and Yellow Sweet Clover (34. T140N, R102W; 46ø54'N, 103ø32'W,Medora Chateau de Mores Historical Site (State His- officinalis).A quantitativesurvey of the veg- Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size:13 toricalSociety). Thanks to J. Frank Casseland etation revealed the following: Trees 3 in. ha = 32.2 acres(irregular shape; size deter- GregHiemenz for assistancein censusing-- diameter and overbased on 30 pointsfrom the minedby planimetricmeasurement from aer- J. M. WIEttE and FARRON WALLACE, point-centermethod, 80/acre (197/ha); total ial photos, Soil Conservation Service). ZoologyDept., N.D. State Univ., Fargo, N D basal area 83.4 ft2/acre.Species comprising Description of Plot: Mature cottonwood 58105.
54 AmericanBirds, January 1980 42. ASH - COTTONWOOD DRAW. -- (Ulmus americana) Prominent shrubs are W area Two clearings, once cultivated fields, Location: North Dakota, Billings Co, 9 mi S Wild Rose (Rosa woodsit),Buckbrush (Sym- coverabout 1 acre The area is lightly grazed Medora; SE 1/4 of SW 1/4, Sec. 12, T138N, phoricarposoccidentalis ), Choke Cherry (pru- by cattle. A quantitativesurvey of the vegeta- R102W; 46ø47N, 103ø3GW,Tracy Mountain nus virginiana),Skunk Bush(Rhus trilobata), tion gave the following results: Trees 3-in Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 3 and BuffaloberryCghepherdia argentea). Major diameterand over,based on 5 circularsamples, ha = 7 4 acres(size determined by planimetric grassesand forbs are Kentucky Blue Grass 340/acre; total basal area 128.2 ft2/acre. Spe- measurementfrom aerialphotos, Soil Conser- (poa pratensis),Little Rice Grass (Oryzopsis ciescomprising 90% of the total number of vation Service).Description of Plot: Mature micmntha), and N. Bedstraw(Galium boreale). trees:Am. Elm, 128, 38, 15, 80; Sycamore,48, ash-cottonwooddraw. Dominant canopytrees A quantitativesurvey of the vegetationpro- 14,45, 80; Bitte,rnut Hickory(Carya cordifor- are Green Ash (Fraxinuspennsylvanica) and videdthe followingdata: Trees3-in. diameter mis), 42, 12, 4, 40; Honey Locust (Gleditsia Black Cottonwood(populus trichocarpa). Prom- and larger based on 30 points from point- triacanthos), 24, 7, 5, 60; dead trees, 20, 6, 4, lnent shrubsare Buckbrush(Symphoricarpos center method, 214.52/acre (530/ha); total 80; Black Walnut (]uglansnigra), 16, 5, 3, 60, ocadentalis)and W. Wild Rose (Rosa woodsii). basal area 84.97 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising hackberry (Celtis sp.), 16, 5, 5, 60; Swamp Ground cover fairly sparse. Major species 98% of the total number of trees (trees/acre, White Oak (Quercus bicolor), 12, 4, 6, 40 include Little Rice Grass (Oryzopsismicran- relative density(%), relative dominance,and Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 208, tha) and N. Bedstraw (Gallurn boreale). A frequencyin that order): Green Ash, 146.6, 61, 20.8, 16; B (6-9 in.) 64, 19, 19.2, 15; C (9-15 quantitativesurvey of the vegetationshowed 68.3, 65.23, 93.3; Am. Elm, 60, 27.5, 34, 66.7; in.) 50, 15, 40, 31; D (15-21 in.) 12, 4, 21.6, 17, the following:Trees 3-in. diameter and over Red Cedar (Juniperusscopulorum), 5.36, 2.5, E (21-27 in.) 4, 1, 12.4, 10; F (33-40 in.) 2, 1, basedon 30 pointsfrom point-centermethod, 0.356, 6.67. Treesby diametersize class (trees 14.2, 11. Shrub stems/acre, 5680; ground 126/acre (363/ha); total basal area 32.18 ft2/ /acre, relative density (%), basal area in cover54%; canopycover 74%; averagecanopy acre Speciescomprising 100% of the total squarefeet/acre, and relativedominance in height44 ft (range25-50). Edge: Boundedon number of trees (trees/acre, relative density that order): A (3-6 in.) 71.5, 33.3, 7.98, 1.84; B 3 sides by similar cover, on the 4th by lime- (%),relative dominance, and frequencyin that (6.1-9 in.) 85.8, 40, 26.1, 5.02; C (9.1-15 in.) stoneescarpments and upland forest. Topog- order) Green Ash, 71, 37, 13.5, 93; Black Cot- 48.3, 22.5, 32.8, 11.2; D (15.1-21 in.) 7.2, 3.3, raphy: Essentially flat. Elevation: 800 ft tonwood,54, 48, 81, 73; RockyMountain Red 12.4, 28.3; E (21.1-27 in.) 1.8, 0.8, 5.9, 53.6. Weather: Generally favorable with well dis- Cedar (juniperusscopulorum),16, 11, 3.4, 30; Ground cover 30%. Grassescomprise 10% of tributed rains and mild temperatures.Cover- Box-elder(Acer negundo), 6, 4, 2.24, 13. Trees cover, forbs 10%, and shrubs 80%. Canopy age: May 15, 18, 25; June 1, 8, 15, 22, 29; July by diametersize class (trees/acre, relative den- coverabout 70%; canopy height 15-40 ft, aver- 6, 13; 0600-1000 or 1730-1930 hours. Total sity (%), basal area in square feet/acre, rel- age about30 ft. Edge: Borderedon N and E man-hours: 78. Census: Blue-gray Gnat- ative dominance in that order): A (3-6 in.) by openprairie, on S by a shrubbytransition catcher, 10 (149, 60); Acadian Flycatcher,9 69 3, 55, 7.1, 10; B (6.1-9 in.) 30.1, 24, 9.4, 31; zone from trees to prairie. Elevation: 2750- (134, 54); Cardinal, 9; Indigo Bunting, 9, C (9 1-15 in.) 26.6, 21, 15.7, 59. Ground cover 2800ft. Topography:Located on the N-facing Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 7 (104, 42); Tufted Tit- 20% Grassescomprise 15% of cover, forbs slopeof a broad couleedraining to the W. mouse, 7; Carolina Chickadee, 6 (89, 36); N 15%, and shrubs 70%. Canopy cover about Fairlyflat bottomin the drawrising to the SE. Parula, 6; Louisiana Waterthrush, 6; Ken- 90%, canopyheight 15 to over 60 ft, average The plot risesto the S, up the N-facingslope tucky Warbler, 6; Red-eyedVireo, 5 (74, 30), heightabout 45 ft. Edge: Borderedon N by a toward the top of a high plateau. Weather: Red-bellied Woodpecker, 4 (60, 24); Brown- steepRed Cedarcovered slope; other edgesby Fairly dry throughoutperiod. Skies mostly headed Cowbird, 4; E. Wood Pewee, 3 (45, upland prairie.Topography: A woodedcoulee clear; no precipitation.Temperatures 35-75øF. 18); Black-and-whiteWarbler, 3; Prothonotary (draw)sloping down toward the north. Eleva- Coverage:May 16, 30; June 1, 14, 16, 19-20, Warbler, 3; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2; Blue tion: 2750-2800 ft. Weather: Fairly dry 22; betweendawn and 0950 and 2030-2130. Jay,2; White-eyedVireo, 2; SummerTanager, throughout period. Skies clear to partly Total man-hours: 10.33. Census: Rufous- 2; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1; Downy cloudy; no precipitation. Temperatures sided Towhee, 8 (278, 113); House Wren, 3.5 Woodpecker,1; E. Phoebe,1; White-breasted 35-75øF. Coverage: May 16, 18, 28, 31; June (122, 49); Red-eyedVireo, 3 (104, 42); Yellow- Nuthatch, 1; Barred Owl, 0.5; Pileated Wood- 14, 16, 19-20, 22; between dawn and 0945 and breastedChat, 2; Lazuli Bunting,2; Chipping pecker, 0.5. Total: 26 species;110 territorial 2025-2125. Total man-hours: 10.2. Census: Sparrow,2; Field Sparrow,2; Cooper'sHawk, males (1637/km 2, 663/100 acres). Visitors: Rufous-sidedTowhee, 7 (234, 95); Ovenbird, 4 1; Long-earedOwl, 1; Corn.Crow, 1; Black- Turkey Vulture, Red-shoulderedHawk, Corn (134,54); ChippingSparrow, 4; Red-eyedVireo, cappedChickadee, 1; Black-and-whiteWar- Crow, Gray Catbird. Remarks: Nestsfound 3 (100, 41); Lazuli Bunting, 3; House Wren, 2; bler, 1; Am. Redstart, 1; Lark Sparrow, 1. Acadian Flycatcher (1), Blue-gray Gnat- Com Flicker, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Black-and- Total: 14 species;29.5 territorial males or catcher (1); 19 broodswere located.--PA UL white Warbler, 1. Total: 9 species;26 ter- females (1027/km 2, 415/100 acres). Visitors: B., JR. and MIDA G. GROVER and ritorial males or females (868/km 2, 351/100 Ring-neckedPheasant, Turkey, Rusty Black- FREDERICK M. BAI•MGARTNER, Little acres) Visitors: Sharp-shinnedHawk, Tur- bird, Am. Goldfinch,Song Sparrow. Remarks: Lewis Whirlwind Nature School and Sanc- key, Mourning Dove, Saw-whetOwl, Black- Nestslocated (3): Corn.Crow, 1; Black-capped tuary, Rte. 2, Jay, Okla. 74346. capped Chickadee, Red-breastedNuthatch, Chickadee, 1; Chipping Sparrow, 1. Heavy Brown Thrasher. Remarks: This is the only cattle use(trail plus grazing)along the bottom 45. MAPLE - PINE - OAK SECOND- area in the state where Black Cottonwood is of this SE to NW oriented draw. Special GROWTH FOREST. -- Location: Mass- found, this speciesis rarely found E of the thanks to J. Frank Cassel for assistance in cen- achusetts;Norfolk Co., Town of Foxboro con- Rocky Mountains. A spring and a stock tank susing.--J. M. WIEHE, ZoologyDept., N.D. servation land, off Willow and East Streets, are located near the bottom of this draw. State Univ., Fargo, N.D. 58105. 42ø04'N, 71ø11'3ffW, Mansfield Quadrangle, Heavycattle useof this area has resultedin USGS. Continuity: Established1976; 4 con- sparse ground cover. No reproductionof 44. DECIDUOUS FLOODPLAIN FOR- secutiveyears. Size: 11.8 ha = 29.2 acres Black Cottonwood was evident at this site. -- EST. -- Location: Oklahoma; Delaware Co., Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 31:50-51 (1977) J M WIEHE and FARRON WALLACE, 4 mi S of Jay; 36ø21'N, 94ø48'W, Lake Eucha Weather: In nearby Bostonthe temperature ZoologyDept., N.D. State Univ., Fargo, N.D. East Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. for May was 2.5ø abovenormal, for June0.2 ø 58105 Size: 6.7 ha = 16.6 acres (measured from above;rainfall in May was 0.77 in. abovenor- aerialphotograph, about 300 X 2000 ft, width mal, in June 2.33 in. below. Coverage: Apr 43. ASH - ELM HARDWOOD DRAW. -- variable).Description of Plot: The dominant 29; May 2, 14, 16, 19, 22, 25-27, 30; June 1, Location:North Dakota; BillingsCo., 10 mi S canopytrees are Am. Elm (Ulmus americana) 5-7, 15, 17, 21; 0555-1140.Total man-hours Medora; SE 1/4, NW 1/4, Sec. 13, T138N, and Sycamore(Platanus occidentalis). Prom- 30. Census:Blue Jay, 8 (68, 27); Veery, 4 (34, R102W; 46ø46'N, 103ø30'W,Tracy Mountain inent understory are Coralberry (Symphori- 14); Ovenbird, 4; Gray Catbird, 3 (25, 10), Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: carpos orbiculatus)and Spicebush(Lindera ScarletTanager, 3; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 3, 287 ha = 7.1 acres (irregular shape; size benzoin).Ground cover is dominatedby spring Wood Thrush, 2.5; Black-cappedChickadee, determinedby planimetricmeasurement from ephemeralsin April and May and by Ground 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; White-breasted Nut- aerial photos, Soil Conservationservice). Ivy (Glechoma hederacea), Wood Nettle hatch, 2; Com. Yellowthroat,2; Yellow-billed Description of Plot: Mature ash-elm hard- (Laportea canadensis),and severalspecies of Cuckoo, 1.5; Com. Grackle, 1.5; Broad- wooddraw. Dominant canopytrees are Green Tick Trefoil (Destoodium spp.) in the sum- winged Hawk, 1; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Com Ash (Fraxinuspennsylvanica) and Am. Elm mer. A small clear stream runs through the Flicker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Great
Volume34, Number1 55 Crested Flycatcher, 1, Brown Thrasher, 1, Communitydescriptions are as follows (1) canopyht, 24 m, shrubstratum, 3,398 stems/ Am Robin, 1, Black-and-wh:te Warbler, 1, Whtte Ptne-Northern Hardwoods Mtd and ha, groundcover, 10% Spec:escomprising N. Oriole, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, +. Total: 23 Lower SlopeCommunity: The lowerslope sec- over95% of the total numberof trees(figures species; 47.5 territorial males or females tion of this community(6,3 ha) was cleared after eachspecies indicate trees/ha, tel, density, (402/km2, 163/100 acres).Visitors: E. King- earlyin the 1800s.White Pine(Pinus strobus) rel. dom. and frequency,in that sequence) bird, Barn Swallow, Com. Crow, Red-eyed (dbh 10-24in.) dominatesthe canopy,although Hemlock, 279, 42, 46, 100; Yellow Birch, 111, Vireo, Blue-wingedWarbler, Cardinal, Rose- there are locally densepockets of deciduous 17, 18, 75; White Ash, 94, 14, 6, 75; Beech,49, breasted Grosbeak. Field Sparrow. Remarks: growth.The shrubstratum is poorlydeveloped; 7, 6, 75; Black Birch, 44, 7, 9, 75; Red Maple, Nests found: Blue Jay, 6; Broad-winged Hemlock(Tsuga canadensis) and saplingsof 37, 6, 3, 25; Red Oak(Quercusrubrum), 32, $, Hawk, Com. Flicker, Black-capped Chick- hardwoodsspecies such as Red Maple (Acer 10, 75, (3) Northern HardwoodsMid-Slope adee, Brown Thrasher, 1. Several acres which rubrum), SugarMaple (A. saccharum),and Community.Used for pasturelandas late as are usually dry by the end of May were still StripedMaple (A. pensylvanicum)being most 1915-1920, this 4 ha section is well drained under standing water in mid-June. The war- common.The herb layer is quite sparsefrom and more level in slopethan the lower slope bler populationwas the lowestfor the 4 years lackof light.Canada Mayflower (Maianthemum pine and hemlock communities.White Ash censused. -- WILLIAM E. DAVIS, JR., Col- canadense), Starflower (Trientalis borealis) and Sugar Maple are the most dominant tree lelle of Basic Studies, Boston Univ., Boston, and Partridgeberry(Mitchella repens) are species.The shrubstratum is quitedense with Mass. 02215. most commonin the groundcover. There is a saplingsof hardwoodspecies and there are limitedsection (0.4 ha) withinthe lowerslope locallydense areas of Mountain Laurel (Kab 46. CLIMAX HEMLOCK - WHITE PINE pine communitythat was affectedby a tor- mia latifolia) and Ironwood.The herb stratum FOREST, WITH TRANSITION HARD- nado in 1976. Damagewas nearlycomplete containsseedlings of hardwoodspecies as well WOODS. -- Location: Connecticut; Litch- over0.1 ha with a peripheralsection of 0.3 ha as SensitiveFern (Onoclea sensibilis),Twisted fiekt Co., White Memorial Foundation, Litch- receivingdamage to approximately25% of the Stalk(Streptopus roseus), Sarsaparilla (Araha tield, 41ø43'20"N, 73ø12'W, Litchfield Quad- canopy.Shrub and herbgrowth in this section nudicaulis),sedges (Carex spp.) and grasses rangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1965; are prolific. Beech(Fagus grandifolia), Sugar Trees 3-in. (dbh)and over, 568/ha; total basal 13 intermittent years. Size: 10.52 ha = 26 Maple, Red Maple and StripedMaple saplings area, 7 m2/ha (29 ft'/acre); canopycover, acres. Description of Plot: See AFN 19:594- and Maple-leavedViburnum (Viburnum acer- 88%; av. canopyht. 21 m; shrub stratum, 595 (1965).Coverage: May 16, 26, 28; June 2-3, (folium) are found in this stratum, while 45,405stems/ha; ground cover, 48%. Spec:es 9, 16. Total man-hours: 16. Census: Black- amongthe windfalls,Dewberry (Rubus his- comprisingover 95% of the total number of burnian Warbler, 17 (162, 65); Ovenbird, 9 pidus),Hay-scented Fern (Dennstaedtia punc- trees(figures after eachspecies indicate trees/ (86, 35); Veery, 8 (76, 31); Red-eyedVireo, 8; tilobula), Starflowerand Partridgeberryare ha, rel. density,rel. dom. and frequency,:n Black-throated Green Warbler, 6 (57, 23); foundas groundcover. The mid-slopephase, that sequence):White Ash, 148, 26, 26, 45, ScarletTanager, 6; Black-cappedChickadee, althoughdominated by pine,is somewhatdif- SugarMaple, 135,24, 11,100; RedMaple, 98, 5 (48, 19); Brown Creeper, 4 (38, 15): Wood ferent in structure. This section of 2 ha was 17, 22, 100; BlackCherry, 62, 11, 8, 50; Wh:te Thrush, 3 (29, 12); Solitary Vireo, 3: Black- usedas a night pastureand appleorchard and Pine, 49, 9, 15, 100; Red Oak, 37, 7, 13, 50, and-white Warbler, 3; Com. Yellowthroat, remained in an open state until 1920. Pines Paper Birch (B. papyrifera), 12, 2, 2, 25 A 2.5; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 2; Blue Jay, 2; are uniform (dbh 12-18 in.) and are accom- seasonalstream runs in a southerlydirect:on Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Barred Owl, 1: panied by scatteredBlack Cherries(Prunus throughthe site.The censusgrid is traversed Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Com. Flicker, serotina)and hardwoodspecies. The shrub acrossits SE cornerby an old loggingroad 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; DownyWoodpecker, stratum is denselypopulated with hardwood Edge: Similarvegetation extends over 120 m 1; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Corn. Crow, I; White- saplingsless than 1 in. dbh and with Maple- on the E and W boundaries. A wetland forms breasted Nuthatch, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Am. leaved Viburnum and Alternate-leaf Dog- the S boundaryand a lightlytravelled tar road Robin, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; Yellow- wood(Comus alternifolia).The herb stratum formsthe N boundary.Areas similar in hab- rumpedWarbler, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, containslocally dense areas of May-scented itat extendbeyond the road on this N edge 1; Cardinal, 1: Purple Finch, 1; Rufous-sided Fern, CanadaMayflower, Partridgeberry, Star- Topography: Located on a S-facing slope, Towhee, 1; Song Sparrow, 1; Broad-winged flower,Shining Clubmoss (Lycopodium lucid- underlainby Precambriangneiss. Firm glac:al Hawk, 0.5; Pileated Woodpecker.0.5; Tufted ulum) and Pyrolaelliptica. Quantitative anal- till coversthe bedrockupon which the sandy Titmouse, 0.5; N. Oriole, 0.5; Rose-breasted ysisof the mid and lowerslope communities loam soilsof the Charltonand Tisbury and Grosbeak, 0.5; Great Horned Owl, +; Pine gavethe followingresults: Trees 3-in. (dbh) SudburySeries are found.Rocky sections on Warbler, +; Com. Grackle, +. Total: 40 spe- and over, 442/ha; total basal area, 21 m2/ha the lower sloperemain wet into the month of cies; 100 territorial males (950/km 2, 385/100 (91 ft2/acre);canopy cover, 83%; av. canopy June, Elevation: 1100-1200 ft. Climate: Mean acres). Remarks: No significant changes. ht., 30 m; shrub stratum, 26,768 stems/ha; annum temperature,44.2øF. Normal for the Thanks to Jim Cavanaugh. -- ANDREW ground cover, 53%. Speciescomprising over summermonths (June, July, August) is 65 3øF MAGEE, 34 Hobson Street. Springfield, 95% of the total numberof trees(figures after Averagerainfall for the summer period :s Mass. 01100. eachspecies indicate trees/ha, relative density 13.41in. A NW wind usuallyprevails in th:s (%), relativedominance (%), and frequency,in region,with the exceptionof themonths of July, 47. WHITE PINE-HEMLOCK-NORTH- that sequence):White Pine, 212, 48, 79, 100; Augustand Septemberwhen SW windspre- ERN HARDWOODS FOREST. -- Location: Hemlock, 94, 21, 11, 830 Red Maple, 35, 8, 2, vail. Coverage:Apr. 28-30; May 5-7, 10, 18, Connecticut; Litchfield Co., on the Phelps 67; White Ash (Fraxinusamericana), 35, 8, 3, 27-28; June 1, 3, 10-11, 17-18, 22, 24, 29-30, ResearchArea of the Nature Conservancyin 83; Black Cherry, 15, 1, 4, 50; Sugar Maple July 14; between0515-1100. Total man-hours the NW corner of the town of Colebrook; 42ø (12, 3, 0.5, 17; Yellow Birch (Betula lutea), 12. 81. Census:Breeding birds of the studysite 0Y0(YN, 73ø073q'W, Tolland Center and 3, 0.5, 33; Black Birch (B, lenta), 12, 3, 1, 33, weredivided into two categoriesaccording to SandersfieldQuadrangle, Mass.-Conn. 1958, (2) Hemlock-Northern Hardwoods Lower vegetation types: (1) White Pine-Hemlock photorevised1969, Continuity: New. Size: Slope Community. Dominated by Hemlocks (10.3 ha) and (2) NorthernHardwoods (4 ha) 14.3 ha = 35.3 acres total, with deciduous ranging from 3 to 21 in. dbh, and poorly (1) White Pine-Hemlock. Blackburnian War- mid-slope(4 ha = 9.88 acres)and evergreen drainedin sections.Again, hardwood species bier, 12 (117, 47); Ovenbird,7 (68, 28); Wood mid and lower slopecommunities (10.3 ha = are found scatteredthrough this foresttype Thrush,6.5 (63, 26); Veery,6 (58, 24); Black- 25.45 acres)being treated as separatecen- and are locally densein areasthat have been cappedChickadee, 4.5 (44, 18);Brown Creeper, suses. Roughly a parallelogram, measured openedup by windfalls.Both the shrub and 4 (39, 16); Black-and-whiteWarbler, 4; Red- with compassand metertape. Descriptionof herb layers are poorly developedbecause of eyedVireo, 3.5 (34, 14); Blue Jay, 3 (29, 12), Plot: For purposesof the vegetationanalysis, lack of light. Ironwood(Carpinus caroliniana), Corn. Yellowthroat,3; Scarlet Tanager, 3, the flora wasseparated into three community SugarMaple and Beechsaplings are dominant Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 2,5; Brown-headed types:(1) White Pine-NorthernHardwoods in the shrub stratum, while Christmas Fern Cowbird, 2.5; Red-breastedNuthatch, 2, Mid and LowerSlope, (2) Hemlock-Northern (Polystichumacrostichoides) and New York Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 2; White-throated HardwoodsLower Slope and (3) Northern Fern (Thelypteris noveboracensis)are the Sparrow,2: Yellow-belliedSapsucker, 1 5, HardwoodsMid-Slope, The vegetationanalysis mostcommon in the groundcover, Trees 3-in, Black-throated Green Warbler, 1.5; Ruffed wasconducted using 0.04 ha circlesfollowing (dbh) and over, 662/ha; total basal area, 10 Grouse,1; CedarWaxwing, 1; SolitaryVireo, methods outlined by James and Shugart. mUha (41 ft2/acre);canopy cover, 96%; av. 1; Chestnut-sided Warbler, 1; Louisiana
56 AmericanBirds, January 1980 Waterthrush, 1, E Wood Pewee, 0 5, Am warmer(59 3øFvs 55 6ø 20-yearaverage) and Woodpecker,+, Great CrestedFlycatcher, +, Robtn, 0 5, Com. Grackle, 0 5, Great Horned wetter(4 09 tn vs3 83 in average)than usual, Com Crow,+, GrayCatbird, + Total:34 spe- Owl, +; House Wren, +; Gray Catbird, +; whileJune was cooler and shghtlydrier than cies; 93.5 territorial males (564/km 2, 228/100 Am Redstart, +. Total: 30 species;77 ter- normal (62.8 øvs 65.4 ø, 2.15 in. vs 2.72 in.). The acres).Remarks: After 2 yearsof declining ritorial males (748/km 2, 303/100 acres). (2) last sub-freezingnight wason May 2. Cover- territorial males, totals were back to normal Northern Hardwoods. Ovenbird, 3 (75, 30); age: May 6, 10, 20, 28; June 1, 6-7, 11, 13, 21, White-throatedSparrows were absentfor the WoodThrush, 3; Red-eyedVireo, 2.5; Yellow- 27; July 4; 0405-0910, EST. Total man-hours: first time. Someselective lumbering of Red belhed Sapsucker,1.5; Downy Woodpecker, 28. Census: Rufous-sidedTowhee, 14 (151, Pine at the W end of the area did not seem to 1, Hermit Thrush, 1; Blue Jay, 0.5; Black- 61); Ovenbird, 7.5 (81, 33); Brown Thrasher, 5 influencebird densitybut mayhave contributed capped Chickadee, 0.5; Am. Robin, 0.5; (54, 22); Great CrestedFlycatcher, 4 (43, 17); to the absenceof hawknests. Appreciation is Veery, 0.5; Black-throatedBlue Warbler, 0.5; Blue Jay, 4; Black-cappedChickadee, 4; N. extendedto GaylordRough for weatherdata Brown-headedCowbird, 0.5. Total: 12 spe- Oriole, 3 (32, 13); Hermit Thrush, 2; Pine --ELIZABETH W. BROOKS, Water Wells ctes, 15 territorial males (375/km 2, 152/100 Warbler, 1.5; ScarletTanager, +. Total: 10 Rd.. A•fred Station. N.Y. 14803. acres). Visitors: Great Blue Heron, Canada species; 45 territories (484/km 2, 196/100 Goose,Turkey Vulture, Sharp-shinnedHawk, acres).Visitors: Corn. Flicker, Downy Wood- 51. PITCH PINE-OAK FOREST. -- Loca- Red-tailed Hawk, Red-shouldered Hawk, pecker, E. Wood Pewee, Corn. Crow, Tufted tion: New Jersey;Ocean Co., 3 mi S of Inter- Broad-wingedHawk, Mourning Dove, Black- Titmouse, Am. Robin, Corn. Grackle, Brown- change74, Garden State Parkway;39•48'N, bfiled Cuckoo, Barred Owl, Belted King- headedCowbird. Remarks: A largeconstruc- 74ølJW, ForkedRiver Quadrangle Continuity: fisher, Com. Flicker, Pileated Woodpecker, tion project, approximately1/2 mi W of the New (1978). Size: 13.76 ha = 34 acres Han'y Woodpecker,E. Phoebe,Least Flycatch- plot has resulted in the destruction of a Description of Plot: Canopy dominated er, Tree Swallow, Rough-winged Swallow, substantial amount of similar habitat. The almostexclusively by PitchPine (Pinus rigida) Barn Swallow, Com. Crow, Tufted Titmouse, laboratory'sperimeter fire road, whichpasses Pitch pine and Post Oak (Quercusstellata) to White-breasted Nuthatch, Winter Wren, Star- approximately200 ft N of the plot, has been heightsof 15-20ft comprisedthe uppershrub ling, Blue-wingedWarbler, Yellow Warbler, usedas a dumping area for someof the trees layer.The lowershrub layer was predominantly Canada Warbler, Red-winged Blackbird, N. and brush cleared from this site. Notwithstand- oaks,including Bear Oak (Q. ilic•fblia),Black- Oriole,Cardinal, Purple Finch, Am. Goldfinch, ing the increasedhuman activity nearby, the jack Oak (Q. marilandica),and PostOak. The Rufous-sided Towhee, Dark-eyed Junco, populationdensities of the major breeding groundlayer was dominated by theseoaks and Swamp Sparrow, Song Sparrow. Remarks: specieshave not changedsignificantly (with otherwoody species: Black Huckleberry (Gay- Nestsfound: Downy Woodpecker,Blue Jay, the possibleexception of the BrownThrasher, lussaciabaccata), Dangleberry (G. frondosa), and Wood Thrush(2). The vegetationon the which seems to have increased somewhat). Low Blueberry (Vaccinium vacillans), and PhelpsResearch Area representsan ecotone Severalof the marginalbreeders, notably the Teaberry (Gaultheria procumbens).Bracken between northern coniferous forests and more woodpecker, have been less in evidence, (Pteridiumaquilinum) was the dominanther- southerlydeciduous forests. The avianspecies reducing them to visitor status. -- JAMES baceous plant. A quantitativevegetation reflect the transitional nature of this habitat CLINTON, DAVID LARSEN /compiler), descriptionindicates the following:Trees, 3-in type --NATHALIE W. LOWE. The Nature GILBERT RAYNOR. JOHN RUSCICA and diameter and over, based upon five 13.2 X Conservancy, Science Tower, P.O. Box KATHLEEN TUOHY, MorichesBay Audu- 82.5ft rectangularplots, 240/acre; total basal MMM. WesleyanStation. Middletown, Conn. bon Society.Box 802, CenterMoriches. N.Y. area37.3 ft2/acre. Species comprising 90% of 0645 7 11934. the total numberof trees(figures give number of trees/acre,percent relative density, relative 48. PITCH PINE - SCRUB OAK BAR- 50. UPLAND MIXED PINE - SPRUCE - dominance,and frequency):Pitch Pine, 358, RENS. -- Location: New York; Suffolk Co., HARDWOOD PLANTATION. -- Location: 100,100, 100. Trees by diametersize class (fig- Westhampton,0.6 mi S of stateroad 27 and New York; Allcgany Co., on the S side of uresgive number of trees/acre,percent relative 0 9 m• W of countyroad 31; 40øS1'23"N,72 ø Brown Rd., near its intersectionwith Vander- density, basal area in ft2/acre, and relative 39'46"W, EastportQuadrangle, USGS. Con- mark Rd., in Ward, 3.5 mi W of Alfred, 42ø7' dominance):A (3-6 in.) 325, 91, 28.5, 76; B tinuity: Established1977; 3 consecutiveyears. 3fiN, 77ø45'W;Andover Quadrangle, USGS. (6-9in.) 33, 9, 8.9, 24. Shrubstems/acre 2409, Size: 9.67 ha = 23.9 acres.Description of Plot: Continuity: Established1974; 6 consecutive groundcover 70%; canopy cover 85%; average See AB 33:68 (1979). Weather: May was years.Size: 16.6 ha = 41 acres.Description of canopy height of dominant species 37 ft slightlydrier than normal.Coverage: May 17, Plot: SecAB28:699 (1974). Weather: Monthly (range,30-44 ft). Edge: Boundedon all sides 27, June 1, 5, 9, 11, 21-22, 24, 26; July 5; precipitation data furnished by the Alfred by sandyroads. Topography: Level. Elevation: 0419-0840, EST. Total man-hours: 29. Cen- CooperativeWeather Station (May, 3.47 in.; 22 ft. Coverage: (1978). June 17-24, 26-28; sus: Rufous-sided Towhee, 13 (134, 54); June, 2.48 in.; July, 1.67 in.) wcrc slightly 0530-0900 or 1730-2130. Total man-hours: 50 PrairieWarbler, 12 (124,50); Field Sparrow,4 belownormal as were the averagedaily tem- Census:Rufous-sided Towhee, 16.5 (121, 49); (41, 17); Brown Thrasher, 3.5 (36, 15); Com. peratures (May, 53.2ø; June, 60.T; July, Prairie Warbler, 12.5 (91, 37); Pine Warbler, 9 Yellowthroat, 2.5; Marsh Hawk, +; Brown- 65.3ø);7 consecutivedays with rain showers (65, 26); BrownThrasher, 5 (36, 15);Blue Jay, headedCowbird, +. Total: 7 species;35 ter- and abnormaldaily lows(35-45') in late May 3 (22, 9); CarolinaChickadee, 3; Mourning ritories (362/kmz, 146/100 acres). Visitors: and a similar 8-day period, June 6-13, plus Dove, 2; Whip-poor-will,2; Field Sparrow,2; Red-tailedHawk, Bobwhite,Mourning Dove, near-frostson June 25-26 may have had an E. Kingbird, 1.5; Com. Nighthawk,1; Great Black-billed Cuckoo, Barn Swallow, Purple adverseaffect on nesting success.Coverage: CrestedFlycatcher, 1; Fish Crow, 1; Brown- Martin, Blue Jay, Black-cappedChickadee, Apr. 23; May 4, 9, 18, 28; June 3, 14, 22-23; headedCowbird, 1; Bobwhite,0.5; Mocking- Mockingbird, Gray Catbird, Am. Robin, July17, 29-30; Aug. 3; 0500-2030,EDT. Total bird, 0.5; Gray Catbird,0.5; Am. Robin, 0.5; Red-winged Blackbird, Com. Grackle. man-hours: 19.5. Census: Black-throated Song Sparrow, 0.5; Ovenbird, +. Total: 20 Remarks: Nests found: Towhee (1), Prairie GreenWarbler, 17 (102, 41); MagnoliaWar- species;63 territorial males (458/km2; 185/ Warbler (1). -- ROBERT ADAMO, JAMES bier, 11 (66, 27); Blackburnjan Warbler, 10 100 acres).Remarks: This studywas funded CLINTON, EDWARD KEMNITZER, DAVID (60, 24); Dark-eyedJunco, 7 (42, 17); Golden- by JerseyCentral Power and Light Company. LARSEN (compiler), and GILBERT RAY- crowned Kinglet, 5 (30, 12); Red-breasted --ROY S. SLACK and BARBARA J. ROOT, NOR, Moriches Bay Audubon Society, Box Nuthatch,4 (24, 10); Ycllow-rumpcdWarbler, Terrestrial Environmental Specialists, Inc., 802, Center Moriches, N.Y. 11934. 4; Bluc Jay, 3 (18, 7); Black-cappedChick- Box 388, RD 1, Phoenix, N.Y. 13135. adcc, 3; Am. Robin, 3; Wood Thrush, 3; 49. SECOND-GROWTH OAK - PITCH Ovenbird, 3; Com. Yellowthroat,2.5; Veery, 52. PITCH PINE-OAK FOREST.-- Loca- PINE FOREST.- Location: New York; Suf- 2; Solitary Vireo, 2; Brown-headedCowbird tion: New Jersey;Ocean Co., 3 mi S of Inter- folk Co., Upton, near NE corner of Brook- (females),2; PurpleFinch, 2; ScarletTanager, change 74, Garden State Parkway; 39ø48'N, havenNational Laboratory property, 6000 ft S 1.5; Indigo Bunting,1.5; DownyWoodpecker, 74ø14'W,Forked River Quadrangle,USGS. of state rd 25; 40ø53'16"N,72ø51'SJ'W, Wad- 1; BrownCreeper, 1; HouseWren, 1; Canada Continuity: New (1978). Size: 6.07 ha = 15 ing River Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Warbler,1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Chip- acres.Description of Plot: The uniformcan- Established 1977; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: ping Sparrow,1; Song Sparrow, 1; Coopcr's opy is dominatedby Pitch Pine (Pinusrigida), 9 3 ha = 22.97 acres.Description of Pitt: Sec Hawk, +; Red-shouldered Hawk, +; Broad- with a few Post Oak (Quercusste[[ata) scat- AB 33:69 (1979).Weather: May was slightly winged Hawk, +; Barred Owl, +; Pilcated tered throughout. Pitch Pine and Bear Oak
Volume34, Number 1 57 (Q thc•foha)dominate the uppershrub layer 54. MIXED OAK - PINE FOREST, H. -- 56. HEMLOCK - WHITE PINE - MIXED Severallow-growing heath shrubs,including Location: Pennsylvania,Luzerne Co, 3 4 km HARDWOOD FOREST. -- Location: Vir- Dangleberry (Gaylussaciafrondosa), Black NE of BeachHaven and 2.8 km NW of Wap- ginia; RockinghamCo., 3.5 mi N of Rawley Huckleberry (G. bacatta), and Low Blueberry wallopen;41ø05'N, 76ø07W, Betwick Quad- Springs9 n Va. Route33; 38ø32•49•N,7903 ' (Vacciniumvacillans) cover the groundsur- rangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1977; 53"W, RawleySprings Quadrangle, USGS face. Bracken (Pteridium aquilinium) and 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 11.05 ha = 27.3 Continuity:New. Size: 6.07 ha = 15 acres(rec- Teaberry (Gaultheria procurebens) are the acres. Description of Plot: See AB 33:70 tangular, 110 X 660 yds,measured longitud- common herbaceousplants. A quantitative (1979). Weather: See Census53. Coverage: inally and estimatedlaterally). Description of surveyof the vegetationyielded the following: May 1, 8, 17, 22; June 7, 14, 19. Total man- Plot: Mature second-growthforest flanking a Trees 3-in. or over, basedon five 13.2 X 82.5 ft hours: 17. Census:Wood Thrush, 5 (45, 18); low-gradientstream (Kephart Run). Although rectangularplots, 400/acre; total basal area Brown-headed Cowbird, 5; Black-and-white the two dominantcanopy trees, E. Hemlock 31.4ft2/acre. Species comprising 90ø70 of total Warbler, 3 (27, 11); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, (Tsugacanadensis) and E. White Pine (Pmus numberof trees(figures give number of trees/ 3; Black-cappedChickadee, 2.5; Cardinal, strobus),are evergreen,the communityis acre, relative density,relative dominance, and 2.5; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2.5; DownyWood- thoroughlymixed with a widerange of hard- frequency):Pitch Pine, 360, 98, 98, 100.Trees pecker,2; E. Wood Pewee,2; Blue Jay,2; Am. woodstypical of mountainravines. The most by diametersize class (figures give number of Redstart, 2; ScarletTanager, 2; Am. Robin, prominent shrubsare Mountain Laurel (Kal- trees/acre,relative density,basal area in ft2/ t.5; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,1.5; Red-eyed mia latifblia) and Mountain Fetterbush(Pterts acre, and relativedominance): A (3-6 in.) 392, Vireo, 1.5; Ovenbird, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, t; floribunda).The groundcover is sparseand 98, 29.8, 94; B (6-9 in.) 8, 2, t.6, 6. Shrub Corn.Flicker, 1; Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1; alsodiverse with greenbrier(Smilax spp ) and stems/acre,6435; groundcover 75%; canopy Tufted Titmouse, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, Partridgeberry(Mitchella repens)being the cover85%; averagecanopy height 33 ft (range, 1; HouseWren, t; Worm-eatingWarbler, 1; most common. A quantitativesurvey of the 26-39ft). 'sEdge:Bounded on E bybarren area Gray Catbird, +; Veery, +; N. Oriole, +. vegetationgave the followingrestfits: Trees 3+ and on other sidesby similar habitat. Topog- Total: 26 species;46.5 territorialmales (42t/ in. in diameter,based on 6 circular samples, raphy: Level. Elevation: 30-33 ft. Weather: km 2, 17t/100 acres).Remarks: Nests found: 1 517/acre;total basalarea t90.7 ftUacre Spe- Warm, no rain during censuses.Coverage Black-capped Chickadee, 1 Am. Robin, 1 cies comprising90% of the total number of (1978): June 17-18, 20-21, 23, 26-28; between Rose-breastedGrosbeak. Special thanks to D. trees: E. Hemlock, 150, 27, 33.4, 100, E 0545-0900 or 1830-2130. Total man-hours: 32. A. Gross for his assistance with the counts and White Pine,45, 8, t3.7, 83; SweetBirch (Betula Census(1978): Prairie Warbler, 10.5 (t73, 70); the PennsylvaniaPower and Light Company lenta), 47, 8.5, 9.3, 100; Ttfiip-tree(Lirtoden- Rufous-sidedTowhee, 10.5; Pine Warbler, 3 for its financial support. -- ROBERT M. dron tulipiJ•ra), 35, 6, 7.7, 66; N. Red Oak (49, 20);Corn. Yellowthroat, 3; Field Sparrow, RUHE, IchthyologicalAssociates, Inc.. R.D. (Quercusrubra), 7, t.2, 4.7, 33; ChestnutOak 1.5; Mourning Dove, 1; Whip-poor-will, t; 1, Berwick, Pa. 18603. (Q. prinus),27, 5, 4.6, 50; Red Maple (Acer Carolina Chickadee, 1; Brown-headed Cow- rubrum), 53, 10, 4.5, t00; dead trees, 40, 7, bird, 1; Black-billed Cuckoo, +; Am. Robin, 55. CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST 3.5, 100; White Ash (Fraxinus americana), 17, +; Ovenbird, +. Total: 12 species;32.5 ter- WITH SCATTERED PINE. -- Location: 3, 2,7, 83); BlackOak (Q. velutina),3, 06, 22, ritorial males (535/km 2, 217/t00 acres). Washington,D.C.; Rock Creek Park, lying S 33; WhiteOak (Q. alba), 20, 4, 1.9, 83; Shag- Remarks: This study was funded by Jersey of Military Road and W of Rock Creek. Con- bark Hickory(Caryaovata), 17, 3, 1.6, 50, B•t- Central Power and Light Company. -- tinuity: Established 1948; 20 intermittent ternut Hickory(C. cordt.'•brmis),20, 4, 1 5, 50 CATHIE BAUMGARTNER SLACK, years.Size: Until t96t, 80 acres;since 1961, Trees by diameter size class: A (3-6 in ) 295, JOSEPH M. McMULLEN. and ROY S. 26.3 ha = 65 acres.Description of Plot: See 57, 29.5, 15.6; B (6-9 in.) 115, 22, 34.5, 18 2, C SLACK, Terrestrial Environmental Special- AFN 2:153-154 (1948). Weather: Tem- (9-t5 in.) 75, 15, 60, 3t.6; D (t5-2t in.) 25, 5, tsts, Inc., Box 388, RD 1, Phoenix, N.Y. peratures averaged: April, 51øF; May, 67ø; 45, 23.7: E (21-27in.) 6.7, 1, 20.7, 10.9. Shrub 13135. June, 74ø . Rainfall was below normal. Cover- stems/acre3150; groundcover 40%; canopy age: Apr. 4, 8, 1t, 14-15, 19, 21; May 1-2, 9, cover 80%; averagecanopy height 67 5 ft 15, 20, 25, 29, 31; June t, 2, 7-8, 13, 18, 20, 29; (range 56-75). Topographyand Edge: Like 53. MIXED OAK - PINE FOREST, I. -- July 6, 13; 0445-1100 and 1720-1945, EST. habitat extends on 3 sides but the ravine s•de Location: Pennsylvania;Luzerne Co., t.6 km Total man-hours:57. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, risessteeply on the S edgeand the streambor- NNE of Wapwallopen;41ø04'N, 76ø07W, 11 (42, t7); Carolina Chickadee,6 (23, 9); dersto the N. The plot itselfis relativelylevel SybertsvilleQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Tufted Titmouse, 5.5 (2t, 8); Ovenbird, 4.5 with a gentlelongitudinal slope. Elevation: Established1977; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 6 (17, 7); Red-bellied Woodpecker,4 (15, 6); 1860-t940 ft. Weather: Variable, clear to ha = t4.8 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB Blue Jay, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; overcastand rain everyday for the first 8 trips 33:70(1979). Weather: Mostly clear mornings ScarletTanager, 3.5 (13, 5); Wood Thrush, 3 Coverage:May 2t-23, 25, 27-28, 30-31, June with intermittentground fog or haze; tem- (11, 5); DownyWoodpecker, 2.5; Corn.Flicker, 5-6, 13, 16; 0545-0730 and 2000-2025. Total peratures,6-18øC (averaging 12ø). Coverage: 2; Hairy Woodpecker,t.5; E. Wood Pewee, man-hours:20. Census:Acadian Flycatcher, May 1, 8, 17, 22; June 7, t4, t9. Total man- t.5; Veery, 1.5; Pileated Woodpecker,1; E. 10 (t65, 67); Red-eyedVireo, 8 (t32, 53), hours: 16. Census: Ovenbird, 4.5 (75, 30); Phoebe, 1; Starling, t; Louisiana Water- Ovenbird, 4 (66, 27); LouisianaWaterthrush, Red-eyedVireo, 3.5 (58, 24); Wood Thrush, thrush, 1; Am. Redstart,t; Cardinal, t; Great 4; WoodThrush, 2; N. Parula, 2; ScarletTan- 2.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2; Black- Crested Flycatcher, 0.5; Brown-headedCow- ager, 2; Carolina Chickadee,1; Great Crested capped Chickadee, 2; Brown-headedCow- bird, +. Total: 22 species;61 territorial males Flycatcher,+; E. Wood Pewee, +; Rufous- bird, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 2; Blue Jay, 1.5; or females (232/km 2, 94/100 acres). Visitors: sided Towhee, +. Total: 11 species;33 ter- Black-and-white Warbler, 1.5; Ruffed Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Barred Owl, Acadian ritorial males (544/kmL 220/100 acres).Visit- Grouse, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; Downy Wood- Flycatcher, Corn. Crow, Am. Robin, Corn. om: Ruffed Grouse, and Black-and-white and pecker, 1; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Tufted Tit- Grackle, Rufous-sided Towhee. Remarks: BlackburnJan Warblers. Remarks: Nest mouse, 1; Worm-eatingWarbler, 1; Rose- Nests found: Blue Jay, 2; Starling and E. found:I AcadianFlycatcher. Special thanks breasted Grosbeak, 1; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Phoebe,I each.This yearthe numberof spe- to KathleenFinnegan who laid out the plot +; Pileated Woodpecker,+; Am. Robin, +; cies(22) is higherthan the 17 in t978 and the andto EllenGoetz and Clair Mellingerfor the Blue-grayGnatcatcher, +; Am. Redstart, +; 21 in 1977.The total countof 6t is alsohigher vegetativestudy. -- CHARLES ZIEGENFUS, N. Oriole,+. Total: 22 species;28.5 territorial than last yeaifs50.5 but lowerthan the total of Dept. of Mathematics and ComputerSctence, males (476/km 2, t93/t00 acres). Remarks: 77 in 1977. As in pastyears, the figurescon- James Madison Univ., Harrisonburg, Va Wood Thrushes have decreased for the second tinue a radical downward trend for summer 22807. year from a high of 7 males. An increaseof residents:flycatchers, thrushes, vireos, and speciesbut an overall decreasein community warble•. Permanent residents tend to increase 57. HEMLOCK - CEDAR - PINE AND densitywas noted. Specialthanks to D. A. except for the Carolina Wren, which was ASPEN - BIRCH FORESTS. -- Location: Gross for his assistance with the counts and wiped out in the hard winter of 1977 and has Ontario; Ottawa-CarletonRegion; West the PennsylvaniaPower and Light Company not yet returned. -- R. FORD, D. LITTON. CarletonTownship; SW of FitzroyHarbour, for its financial support. -- ROBERT M. N. SCHLIAPIN, M. M. TERRY, JOAN H. 31 F/8 (Ampflor)045342; Chats Falls Generat- RUHE, IchthyologicalAssociates, Inc., R.D. CRISWELL (compiler), 3519 Jermantown ing Station; 45ø2TN, 76ø15'W. Continuity: 1, Berwick, Pa. 18603. Rd.. Fair.thx, Va. 22030. New. Size: t0 ha = 24.7 acres(rectangular,
58 AmericanBirds, January 1980 283 X 353 m, measuredwith tape on ground) Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1 5, E Wood Pewee, 0 3 ha are locatedon the plot Edge: Open Description of Plot: Encompassestwo major 1 5, Com Crow, 1 5, Red-eyed Vireo, 1 5, electricitytransmission corridors border the E community types. Deciduous forest covers Ruffed Grouse, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Hairy andN edges.These are 60 and 25 m widerespec- most of the S half (about 3.4 ha) and coniferous Woodpecker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Blue Jay, 1; tively. Similar White Pine-White Birch hab- most of the rest (6.1 ha). Four intermittent Am. Robin, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; N. Oriole, 1; itat existsbeyond the N corridor,S of the plot, ponds,or portionsthereof, account for approx- Corn. Grackle, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; and along about 50% of the W edge.A large imately 0.5 ha. The vegetationof each type Red-shouldered Hawk, +; Tree Swallow, +; intermittent pond, a portion of which is on the wasassessed separately. Trees 7.6 cm dbh and Purple Martin, +; Blackburnian Warbler, +. plot, abuts on the SW corner. Another much over, based on four 0.04-ha circular samples, Total: 29 species;43.5 territorial males (435/ smallerpond is locatedalong the NW edge 1306/ha, total basal area 39.4 m2/ha. Species km •, 176/100 acres). Visitors: Mallard, Kill- The coniferouscommunity along the N half of comprising90% of the total numberof trees deer, Am. Woodcock, Barred Owl, Belted the W boundarybegins to be mixedwith a sig- [figuresafter each givenumber of trees/ha, Kingfisher, Com. Flicker, Pileated Wood- nificantly different proportion of hardwoods relative density (%), relative dominance(%), pecker,White-breasted Nuthatch, Swainson's within50-100 m of the edge.Beyond this zone relativefrequency (%), in that sequence]:White Thrush, Cedar Waxwing, Bobolink, Red- of intermediarycommunity types lies a large Cedar (Thuja occidentalis),319, 24, 29, 100; winged Blackbird, Am. Goldfinch, Rufous- hardwoodcommunity dominated by aspen E Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis),256, 20, 1S, sided Towbee, White-throated Sparrow. and maple. Beyondthe E corridor is another 100, White Pine (Pinusstrobus), 194, 15, 20, Remarks: A Mourning Dove nest was found. aspen-maplestand. Topography: Rugged with 100, White Birch (Betulapapyrifera), 131, 10, A female Blackburnian Warbler feeding numerousrock outcroppingsthat characterize 10, 100;Balsa m Fir (Abieshalsames), 119, 9, fledgedyoung on July 17 was the onlyregistra- the CanadianShield in thisregion. Elevation: 3, 75; dead trees,81, 6, 7, 100; Basswood(Tills tion for this species.The Tree Swallow and 69-76 m. Weather: Average monthly tem- americana), 75, 6, 2, 100. Additional species Purple Martin were assessed+ basedsolely on perature and rainfall at Ottawa International sampled were White Spruce (Piceaglauca), evidenceof foragingactivity over the plot. A Airport with 30-year (1941-71) averagesin Quaking Aspen (Populustremuloides), Hop- grousewas observedon 5 days (twice with brackets. Temperature in C -- June 17.3ø hornbeam (Ostrya virginians), Bur Oak young)and the registrationsformed a concen- (18.2ø);July 20.6ø (20.7ø);Aug. 19.7ø (19.3ø ) (Quercusmacrocarps), White Elm (Ulmus trated cluster. This survey was 1 of 4 con- Rainfall in mm -- June 91.1 (72.6); July 55.1 americana), Black Cherry (Prunus serotins), ducted as part of a baselinestudy associated (81.3); Aug. 116.2 (81.5). Coverage(1978): SugarMaple (Acersaccharum ), ash(Fraxinus with the developmentof a proposedOntario June2, 6, 12, 21, 25; July5, 14; Aug. 2, 15; 9 sp ) Trees by diametersize class [figures after Hydro GeneratingStation at Chats Falls on trips: 0510-0825 and 1836-2040. Total man- each classgive number of trees/ha, relative the Ottawa River. Thanks to Ontario Hydro hours: 22.6. Census: Red-breasted Nuthatch, density(%), basal area in m2/ha, relativedom- for permissionto publish their data and 3 (36, 14);Ovenbird, 3; E. Kingbird,2; Great mance(%)]: A (7.6-15.2cm) 587, 45, 5.5, 14; B thanks to Walter Sarafyn for assistancewith Crested Flycatcher, 2; Brown Creeper, 2, (1S 3-22.9 cm) 431, 33, 12, 31; C (23-38.1 cm) the vegetation analysis. -- TERRY N. WoodThrush, 2; Veery, 2; N. Waterthrush,2, 281, 22, 20.9, 53; D (38.2-53.3 cm) 6, 0. S, 1, 3. TOBIAS and ROB R. EVANS, The Proctor & Brown-headedCowbird, 2; ScarletTanager, Shrub stems/ha644; groundcover 65%; can- RedfernGroup, 75Eglinton Ave. E., Toronto, 2; E. Wood Pewee,1.5; Hairy Woodpecker,1, opycover 92%; averagecanopy height 16.8 m Ontario, M4P 1H3. Blue Jay, 1; Com. Crow, 1; Black-capped (range 15-20.5). Deciduoushabitat: Trees, Chickadee,1; Am. Robin, 1; Red-eyedVireo, based on four 0.04-ha plots, 825/ha, total 58. WHITE PINE - WHITE BIRCH CON- 1; Black-and-white Warbler, 1; Blackburnian basal area 20.2 m2/ha. Speciescomprising IFEROUS FOREST. -- Location: Ontario; Warbler, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1; Rose- 90% of the total number of trees: White Birch, Ottawa-Carleton Region; West Carleton breasted Grosbeak, 1; Purple Finch, 1; N 156, 19, 18, 100; White Spruce, 125, 1S, 10, Township; SW of Fitzroy Harbour; 31 F/8 Oriole, 0.5; Mallard, +; Ruffed Grouse, +, 100, BalsamFir, 113, 14, 7, 50; SugarMaple, (Ampriot) 046348; Chats Falls Generating Wood Duck, +; Red-shoulderedHawk, +, 100,12, 8, 100;Quaking Aspen, 88, 11, 20, 75; Station; 45ø27'N, 76ø15'W. Continuity: New. PurpleMartin, +; Corn.Grackle, +; Indigo Largetooth Aspen (Populusgrandidentata), Size:8.4 ha = 20.76 acres(rectangular, 240 X Bunting, +; White-throated Sparrow, + 50, 6, 14, S0; Basswood,50, 6, 1, 50; ash, 38, 4, 350 m, measured with tape on ground). Total: 31 species;35 territorial males (417/ 2, 25; dead trees, 25, 3, 4, 75. Additional spe- Description of Plot: Trees 7.6 cm diameter km 2, 169/100 acres). Visitors: Killdeer, Am ciessampled were E. Hemlock, White Cedar, and over, based on five 0.04-ha circular sam- Woodcock, Mourning Dove, Com. Flicker, Bur Oak, White Elm, SilverMaple (A. saccha- ples, 1,015/ha,total basalarea 26 m2/ha. Spe- Downy Woodpecker, Least Flycatcher, Tree rtnum). Trees by diameter size class: A, 494, cies comprising92% of the total number of Swallow, White-breasted Nuthatch, Cedar 60, 4.6, 22; B, 194, 24, 5.4, 27; C, 138, 17, trees[figures after eachgive number of trees/ Waxwing, Starling, Black-throated Green 10 2, 51. Shrubstems/ha, 1743; ground cover ha, relative density (%), relative dominance Warbler, Bobolink, Am. Goldfinch, Rufous- 43%, canopy cover 73%. Average canopy (%), relativefrequency (%), in that sequence]: sidedTowhee, Chipping Sparrow, Song Spar- height 17 m (range15.5-19.5). An old logging White Pine (Pinusstrobus), 247, 25, 44, 100; row. Remarks:The high communityrichness road traversesthe deciduousportion of the Balsam Fir (Abiesbalsamea), 232, 23, 9, 100; and low population densitiesare probably plot The plot lieswithin a largearea that can White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis),178, 18, 14, related to plot size and plurality of edge best be describedas an interspersedpatch- 80; White Birch (Betulapapyrifera), 124, 12, habitat types. Breedingspecies having ter- work of deciduous, coniferous, mixed, inter- 19, 100; Hop-hornbeam(Ostrya virginians), ritoriesstrongly associated only with the inter- mlttent pond and open habitat types. Few 49, 5, 2, 40; dead trees, 49, 5, 4, 80; Sugar mittent pond habitat type were Mallard, homogeneoushabitat types covering contiguous, Maple (Acersaccharum), 45, 4, 2, 100. Addi- Wood Duck, Black-and-white Warbler, water- centralizedareas larger than 5 ha can be tional speciessampled were: White Spruce thrush,Red-winged Blackbird. Species having found on the 445 ha generatingstation site. (Piceaglauca), Quaking Aspen (Populus trem- territoriesstrongly associated only with the Edge:Within 50-150m of all edgesthe on-plot uloides),White Elm (Ulmus americana), Bass- corridor habitat type were oriole, bunting, community types change. The adjacent wood(Tilia americana),Black Cherry(Prunus White-throatedSparrow. Species having ter- mosaicof communitytypes is representativeof serotins),Largetooth Aspen (P. grandidentata). ritories associatedwith both theseopen hab- the patchworkof typesfound on the plot itself. Treesby diametersize class [figures after each itat types were kingbird (3 edge territories Topography: Rugged with numerous rock give number of trees/ha, relative density(%), maintained)and robin (4 or 5 edgeterritories outcroppingsthat characterizethe Canadian basal area in square mUha, relative dom- maintained). One of the 2 pewee territories Shield in this region. Elevation: 69-76 m. inance(%)]: A (7.6-15.2 cm) 625, 62, 5.7, 22; B was adjacentto the hardwoodcommunity to Weather: See Census58. Coverage(1978): (15.3-22.9cm) 195, 19, 5.4, 21; C (23-38.1cm) the W of the plot as was the only vireo ter- June4, 8, 14, 24; July4, 12, 17, 24; Aug. 23; 9 190, 19, 14.1, 54; D (38.2-53.3 cm) 5, 0.5, 0.8, ritory. A secondpewee territory was asso- trips, 8 between0513-0818 hours, EDT; 1 trip 3. White Pine is the dominantcanopy species ciatedwith the openpond. It is suspectedthat 1750-1934. Total man-hours: 21.9. Census: (23 C-sizetrees in sample, 18 B-size)followed the Red-shoulderedHawk nestedon the plot Red-breasted Nuthatch, 4 (40, 16); Ovenbird, by White Birch (8 C-size, 12 B-size), White A grousewas observedwith youngJune 25. 4, N Waterthrush,3 (30, 12); ScarletTansget, Cedar(5 C-size,4 B-size),Largetooth Aspen (1 The martin and gracklewere based solely on 2 5, Black-capped Chickadee, 2; Brown C-size, 0 B-size). Shrub stems/ha, 1,035; evidenceof foraging activity on or over the Creeper, 2; Veery, 2; Black-and-white War- groundcover 25%; canopycover 73%; average plot. This surveywas one of 4 conductedas bier, 2; Black-throated Green Warbler, 2; canopyheight 17.6 m (range14-20). Portions part of a baselinestudy associatedwith the Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Purple Finch, 2; of 2 intermittentponds totalling approximately developmentof a proposedOntario Hydro
Volume34, Number 1 59 GeneratingStation at ChatsFalls on the Ottawa and ESTHER REICHELDERFER, Ohto Hts- nesseeWarbler (2), and a brood of downy R•ver Thanks to Ontario Hydro for permis- tortcal Soctetv, 1982 Velma Ave, Columbus, young Ruffed Grouse Chimney Swifts and sionto publishthetr data and to Walter Sarafyn Ohto 43211. Evening Grosbeakswere observedregularly for assistan•cewith the vegetationanalysis. -- and may have nested.The SpruceBudworm TERRY N. TOBIAS and ROB R. EVANS, 61. RED SPRUCE FOREST. -- Location: populationwas high and probablyresponsible The Proctor & Redfern Group, 75 Eglinton New Brunswick; Albert Co., in Fundy Nat'l for the large numbersof severalof the more Ave. E., Toronto, Ont. M4P 1113. Park, 0.8 mi S of Maryen Lake; 45ø34'N, 65ø numerous species.Thanks to A. J. Ersklne 06'W, NTS map 21H/llE Waterford. Con- whoprovided advice on determiningthe num- 59. TAMARACK BOG AND HARD- tinuity: New. Size: 11.25 ha = 27.8 acres(rec- ber of territoriesof severalspecies. This study WOOD.- Location: Michigan; Berrien Co., tangular,450 m 178ø by 250 m 268ø, with 50 m is part of the Avifaunal Surveyof FundyNat'l 1 mi SW of Stevensville in Grand Mere State grid); compassand measuredrope). Descrip- Park, Parks Canada contract ARO 78-44 -- Park; 5 mi N of Willow Drive on Wishart tion of Plot: An uneven-aged,mainly two- DAVID S. CHRISTIE and BRIAN DAL- Road; 41øSq3ffN, 86ø33'W,Bridgman Quad- storyed, Red Spruce (Picea rubens) stand, ZELL, New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas rangle.Continuity: Established 1976; 4 con- with scatteredlarge Yellow Birch (Betula lutea), Ave., Saint John. N.B. E2K 1E5. secutive years. Size: 8.5 ha = 21 acres. that developedfollowing a selectivecutting of Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 30:1049 (1976). large trees about 1930 prior to establishment 62. UPLAND SCOTCH PINE PLANTA- Weather: Below normal. Coverage:May 26; of the park. Area well-drainedexcept around TION. -- Location:New York; AlleganyCo, June 3, 16-17, 23-24; July 14; 0700-2200 3 spring-fedbooklets arising near the E edge. 2 mi WSW of Alfred, borderingon the W side hours. Total man-hours: 8. Census: Veery, 3 A quantitativesurvey of the vegetation,based of Lake Rd., adjacentto the coniferplantings (35, 14); E. Wood Pewee,2; Blue Jay, 2; Am. on eight 0.1 acre circles, gave the following on the E side of Foster Lake; 42ø7'31TN,77 ø Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; results: Trees 3-in. diameter and over, 530/ 45'W, AndoverQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Ovenbird, 2; Canada Warbler, 2; Mourning acre; total basal area, 262.3 ft2/acre. Species Established 1969; 11 consecutiveyears Size: Dove, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Tufted comprising90% of the total, followedby num- Approximately9.3 ha = 23 acres.Description Titmouse, 1; Black-throated Green Warbler, ber of trees/acre,relative. density (%), relative of Plot: SeeAFN 23:743-744 (1969). Weather: 1, Scarlet Tanager, 1; Cardinal, 1; Am. dominance(%) and frequency(%) were: Red SeeCensus #50. Coverage:Apr. 23, 29, May Woodcock, 0.5; Downy Woodpecker,0.5; Spruce,406, 77, 69, 100; dead trees, 95, 18, 10, 19, 29; June 6, 17, 27; July 18, 23; Aug 2, Black-cappedChickadee, 0.5; Com. Flicker, 18, 100. Trees by diameter size class,followed 0850-2020, EDT. Total man-hours: 16 Cen- +, Hairy Woodpecker,+; White-breasted by trees/acre,relative density (%), basal area sus: Song Sparrow, 15 (161, 65); Chlpp•ng Nuthatch,+. Total: 20 species;24.5 territorial (ft2/acre), and relative dominance(ø7o): A (3-6 Sparrow,14 (150, 61); Com. Yellbwthroat,8 males (288/km2, 117/100 acres). Vlsitom: in.), 240, 45, 26.2, 10; B (6-9 in.), 142, 27, 43.9, (86, 35); Field Sparrow8; Am. Robin, 4 (43, Whip-poor-will,Prairie Warbler, Com. Grackle. 17; C (9-12 in.), 74, 14, 43.9, 17; D (12-15 in.), 17); Rufous-sidedTowbee, 4; Cedar Waxwing, Remarks: Populationdensity at a 4-yr high 19, 4, 18.9, 7; E (15-21 in.) 32, 6, 57.2, 22; F 3 (32, 13); Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 3; Purple with 1 new species.Cowbird was absentthis (21-27 in.), 21, 4, 66.2, 25; G (27-33 in.), 1, 0.2, Finch, 3; Alder Flycatcher, 2.5; Am. Wood- year.-- ALBERTMORSE and JA3)IES 6.0, 2. Shrub stems/acre,550 (Red Spruce cock, 2; Nashville Warbler, 2; Black-billed MULLINS (compiler). 2558 Locust Lane, 59%, dead saplings40%); ground cover82%, Cuckoo, 1; Tree Swallow, 1; Gray Catbird, 1, Stevensville, Mich. 49127. the principalspecies being Am. Wood-sorrel Brown Thrasher, 1; Black-throated Green (Oxalis montana) cover 43%, various small Warbler, 1; Brown-headedCowbird (female), 60. MIXED HARDWOOD AND HEM- liverworts and mosses (Bazzania, Dicranum, 1; Magnolia Warbler, +; Indigo Bunting, + LOCK RAVINES. -- Location.' Ohio; Jack- Hypnum and others)27%, SpinuloseShield- Total: 20 species;74.5 territorial males (800/ son Co., JacksonTownship, Section 23, Leo fern (Dryoptrisaustriaca) 22%, Bunchberry kma, 324/100 acres). Remarks: This year's PetroglyphState Memorial; 39ø073ffN, 82ø (Comus canadensis)8%. Canopycover 79%; total territorial males (74.5) is down 16.3 from 3T3ffW, NW/4 JacksonQuadrangle, USGS. mean,)vetstory canopy height 79 ft (range62-85); the 11-yearaverage and representsthe lowest Continuity:Established 1978. Size: 4.86 ha = mean understorycanopy height 39 ft (range total ever, climaxing a 3-yr declinewhich is 12 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 33:71 36-46). Edge: Similar habitat N and S but reflectiveof the changing,maturing habitat (1978). Weather: Cool for May and June. changingto forestwith a considerableYellow Nestsfound: Chipping Sparrow, 8; SongSpar- Coverage:May 16 to June 14; 5 trips. Total Birch componentabout 50 m E and W of the row, 7; Am. Robin, 6; Cedar Waxwing, 3, man-hours:12. Census:Red-eyed Vireo, 4 (82, plot. Topography:A low N-S ridge slopingoff Alder Flycatcher, 1; Tree Swallow, 1; Gray 33); Acadian Flycatcher,3 (62, 25); E. Wood to small brooks E and W of the plot. Eleva- Catbird, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1, Pur- Pewee,3; Am. Robin, 3; Wood Thrush,2; Chip- tion: 700-800ft. Weather: Very wet, but warm ple Finch, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; F•eld ping Sparrow,2; Corn.Flicker, 1; Red-bellied during May precedinga rather normal June Sparrow,1. Of the 31 nests,only 1 Ch•ppmg Woodpecker,1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; Great and July. Clear to partly cloudy during 7 Sparrow's was parasitized by cowbirds A Crested Flycatcher, 1; E. Phoebe, 1; Com. coverages,foggy during 2; windscalm to light; Ruffed Grousewith 8 youngwas seenin mid- Crow, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Corn. Yellowthroat, 1; temperatures45-75øF. Coverage: June 2, 14- June. A male Prairie Warbler was territorial Corn. Grackle, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Blue- 15, 21, 30; July 10, 13-14; 0530-1050 and on severalsurveys but disappearedafter May gray Gnatcatcher,1; IndigoBunting, 1; Yellow- 2020-2145, ADT. Total man-hours: 34.6. Cen- 29. Of the 31 nests,only 1 waslocated in Scotch billed Cuckoo, +; Screech Owl, +; Ruby- sus: Bay-breastedWarbler, 51 (453, 183); Pine, the rest being found in Multiflora Rose throatedHummingbird, +; Blue Jay,+; Tufted Blackburnian Warbler, 21 (187, 76); Yellow- or in the lessmature spruce plantings at either Titmouse, +; White-breasted Nuthatch, +; bellled Flycatcher, 14 (124, 50); Tennessee end of the plot. Appreciationis extendedto Brown Thrasher, +; Black-throated Green Warbler, 9.5 (84, 34); Swainsun'sThrush, 6 Alice Foster for permission to conduct the Warbler, +; Cerulean Warbler, +; Kentucky (53, 22); Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 5.5(49, 20); study on her land; to Gaylord Rough for Warbler, +; Cardinal, +; Song Sparrow, +. Black-throatedGreen Warbler, 5•5; Brown weatherdata; and to Lois Chapmanfor assist- Total: 30 species;29 territorial males (597/ Creeper, 4 (36, 14); Dark-eyed Junco, 4; ance in field work. -- ELIZABETH W km2, 241/100 acres). Remarks: Not enough Magnolia Warbler, 2; Ovenbird, 1.5; Hairy BROOKS, Water Wells Rd., Alfred Starton, singingwas heard to establishwith absolute Woodpecker,1; DownyWoodpecker, 1; Golden- N.Y. 14803. certainty that all male birds present were crownedKinglet, 1; White-throated Sparrow, mated, but sincethe 12 acresin questionare 1; Black-backedThree-toed Woodpecker, 0.5; 63. RED PINE PLANTATION. -- Loca- surroundedon 3 sidesby fields,any nestingof Purple Finch, 0.5; Pine Siskin, 0.5; Goshawk, tion: Connecticut; Litchfield Co., White woodland birds would probably take place +; Ruffed Grouse,+; SolitaryVireo, +. Total: Memorial Foundation, Morris; 41ø42'30"N, insidethe Leo Petroglyphsite (the fourth side 21 specie•;129.5 territorial males(1151/kmL 73ø10'W,Litchfield Quadrangle, USGS Con- is shrub). So, the +'s are assumedvery likely 466/100 acres). Visitors: Chimney Swift, tinuity: Established1978. Size: 8.5 ha = 21 candidatesfor breeding; they were all seen Pileated Woodpecker, Gray Jay, Boreal acres. Description of Plot: See AB 33 72 repeatedly but were not necessarilyvocal or Chickadee, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Am. (1979).Coverage: May 16, 29; June 10, 16, 24 located in a consistentterritory. Possibly,the Robin, Hermit Thrush, Ruby-crownedKing- Total man-hours: 10. Census: N. Oriole, 5 (59, entire 12 acreswas territory for all of them. let, Red-eyed Vireo, Nashville Warbler, N. 24); Com. Yellowthroat, 4 (47, 19); Scarlet Two unidentified flycatcherswere seen and Parula, Mourning Warbler, Am. Redstart, Tanager, 4; Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 4, heard consistently;1 was nesting. --ANN Evening Grosbeak,White-winged Crossbill. Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4; Corn. Flicker, 2, BINGAMAN (compiler), DALE EICHER, Remarks: Nests found: Goshawk (1) and Ten- Blue Jay, 2; Wood Thrush, 2; Veery, 2; Hairy
60 AmericanBirds, January 1980 Woodpecker,1, Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1, catcher, + Total: 45 species,239 territorial E Phoebe, 1, Black-capped Chickadee, 1, males or females (410/km 2, 166/100 acres) House Wren, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Blue-gray Visitors: Gray Catbird, Red-eyed Vireo, Gnatcatcher, 1; Red-eyed Vireo, 1; Black- Prairie Warbler, Field Sparrow. Remarks: and-white Warbler, 1; Ovenbird, 1; White- The Red-cockadedWoodpecker and the Bob- throated Sparrow, 1; Broad-wingedHawk, white deservespecial consideration because of 0 5, E. Kingbird, 0.5; Solitary Vireo, 0.5; their socialorganizations. Although 17 Red- Louisiana Waterthrush, 0.5; Am. Redstart, cockaded/trip were reported in the results, 0 5, Red-tailed Hawk, +; Barred Owl, +; E. this figure is the total population,composed of Wood Pewee, +; Com. Crow, +; White- 4 clans each with only 1 breedingpair. The breasted Nuthatch, +; Brown-headed Cow- Bobwhite occurs in coveysand should not be bird, +. Total: 31 species;42.5 territorial interpretedin terms of territorial males. Also, males (500/km 2, 202/100 acres). Remarks: All it should be noted that if the plot had been as but a quarter acre of the Red Pine, the chief small as 100 acres, fewer than 45_species overstorytree, was cut during the winter of wouldbe expectedbecause of the species-area 1978-79. Approximately 80% of the plot was effect. -- TODD ENGSTROM, Dept. Biol. clearedwith onlyscattered hardwood saplings Sci., Fla. State bniv., Tallahassee, Fla. 32306. remaining.Except for 2 to 3 acresof "sinks" in whichhardwood saplings and bushesdom- 65. SLASH PINE-CYPRESS MOSAIC. -- inate,the remaininghardwoods along the plot Location: Florida; Collier Co., Big Cypress edge,brook edge and alonga stonewall appear Nat'l Preserve;(plot center),N of Fiftymile very top heavywith little lower story. As a Bend Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. resultof the cutting23 nestingspecies declined Size:40 ha = 98.8 acres(square, 632.5 X 632.5 in numbersincluding 8 that were completely m, measured). Description of Plot: Virgin lost, 11 othersincreased including 5 that were south Florida Slash Pine forest with a mosaic completelynew. Numbers of 5 nestingspecies pattern of interspersedcypress domes and were unchanged. The big gainers were N. cypressprairies. Four plant communitiescom- Oriole (up from 0.5 to 5) and Rose-breasted prise the plot: pine forest 63% (25.2 ha), Census65. SlashPine-Cypress Mosaic. Photo Grosbeak(1.5 to 4). The big loserswere Oven- cypressdome 18% (7.2 ha), cypressprairie /G. A. Patterson. bird (downfrom 15 to 1), Veery (7 to 2), Red- 17% (6.8 ha), and mixed hardwood hammock eyedVireo (6 to 1), BlackburnJanWarbler (5 2% (0.8 ha). Excludingthe small amount of shapeand the little useof the area by the ter- to 0), SolitaryVireo (5 to 0.5), Wood Thrush (5 mixed hardwood hammock, this mixture is ritorial birds listed. The dominantplants of to 2), Black-cappedChickadee (4 to 1), Gray typicalfor the area. Dominantspecies in the the hammockwere: Quercuslau•folia, Myrica Catbird (3 to 0) and Black-and-white Warbler pine forest is Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii vat. cer(fbra. Sabal, Pinus, Magnolia virginiana, (3 5 to 1). All but 1 of the aboveare migratory densa)and in the cypresscommunities, Pond Rhus copallina, Ficus aurea, Myrsine guia- species.There was a net lossof 3 nestingspe- C•press(Taxodium ascendens). Quantitative anal- hensis.and Trema micrantha in the overstory, cies and 45 territorial males. Thanks to Jim ysisof the pine forest,based on two 0.06 ha Blechnum serrulatum, Nephrolepis exaltata, Cavanaugh.-- ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Hob- rectangularplots, yielded: for trees 2-in. dbh Myrsine, Parthenocissusquinquefolia. Toxic- sonSt., Springfield,Mass. 01109. and greater, 158 trees/ha; total basal area 1.2 odendronradicans, and Chrysobalanusicaco m2/ha. Speciescomprising 100% of the total in the understory.Edge: Similar habitat on 64. MATURE LONGLEAF PINE FOR- numberof trees(figures after eachgive num- the N, W, and S sides.The E sidehas a higher EST. -- Location:Georgia; Thomas Co., Mill ber of trees/ha, relative density(%), relative percentageof cypressprairie. Topography: Pond Plantation, 4 mi SE of the junction of dominance(%), relativefrequency (%) in that Flat. Elevation: 3 to 4 m. Weather: Skies Routes 319 and 212; 30ø45'N, 84ø00'W, Pine sequence):Pinus 125, 79, 90, 84; Cabbage dear, mean0-5070 cloud formation (range 0-50), Park and Thomasville Quadrangles, USGS. Palm (Sabalpalmetto)33, 21, 10, 16. Canopy wind 0-3.2 km/hr during all censuses;tem- Continuity: New. Size: 58.3 ha = 144 acres cover was 34%; mean canopyheight 15 m peratures:21-27øC (range for the period5/30 (square,surveyed). Description of Plot: See (range 5-24). Shrubs covered 24% of the to 6/9, recordedat Oasis Ranger Station -- Winter Bird-PopulationStudy #15, this issue. ground area, dominant species(followed by Big CypressNat'l Preserve,18.3-36.1ø); no Weather: Temperature47-93 ø (average60- importancevalue) being Sabal (124) and Sere- precipitationduring censuses(4.8 cm recorded 85*) There wasno precipitationand verylittle noa repens(69). Understoryherbaceous spe- for the period);humidity: 70-97% during cen- wind Coverage:Apr. 4, 6, 13, 15, 18, 20, 27-28; cies (followedby importancevalue) include suses. Coverage: May 30; June 1-9; 0625- May 4-5, 11-12, 18-19; June 1-4; 0530-1015, Schizachyrium rhizomatum (32), Rhyncho- 0930, EDST. Total man-hours: 22.25. Cen- EST Total man-hours: 69. Census: Rufous- sporadivergens (22), Cassytha.fil•/brmis(17), sus:Red-bellied Woodpecker, 7 (18, 7); Great sided Towbee, 32 (55, 22); Red-cockaded Flaveria linearis (14), and Muhlenbergiafilipes CrestedFlycatcher, 6 (15, 6); Carolina Wren, Woodpecker,17 (29, 12); Red-headedWood- (11). Quantitative analysis of the cypress 6; Pine Warbler, 6; Bobwhite,4 (10, 4); Car- pecker,14 (24, 10);Com. Yellowthroat, 13 (22, prairie,based on one0.06 ha plot, yielded;for dinal, 3 (8, 3); E. Meadowlark, 2.5; Com 9), Bachman'sSparrow, 13; Great Crested trees2-in. dbh and greater,967 trees/ha; total Flicker, 2; Pileated Woodpecker,2; Downy Flycatcher, 11 (19, 8); Indigo Bunting, 11; basal area 4.9 m2/ha, The only tree encoun- Woodpecker,2; Brown-headedNuthatch, 2, Yellow-breasted Chat, 10 (17, 7); Blue Gros- tered was Taxodium. Canopycover was 14%; E. Bluebird, 2; Swallow-tailed Kite, 1; Red- beak, 10; Mourning Dove, 9 (15, 6); Red- tree heightsvaried 2-7 m. Shrub cover was cockaded Woodpecker, 1; Tufted Titmouse, belhed Woodpecker, 9; Pine Warbler, 9; E. 18%,dominant species being Taxodium (169) 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; Corn. Crow, +, Meadowlark,9; Blue Jay,8 (14, 6); E. Wood andStillingia aquatica (31). Dominantunder- White-eyedVireo, +. Total: 18 species;48 5 Pewee, 7 (12, 5); Brown-headed Nuthatch, 6 story speciesinclude Rhynchospommicrocarpa territorial males (121/km 2, 49/100 acres).Vis- (10, 4); Bobwhite, 5 (9, 3); Com. Flicker, 5; (47), Schizachyrium(43), and Muhlenberg& itors: Red-shoulderedHawk, Great Egret, Brown-headed Cowbird, 5; White-breasted (26). Quantitative analysis of the cypress SnowyEgret, Cattle Egret, Little Blue Heron, Nuthatch, 4 (7, 3); Cardinal, 4; Orchard dome,based on one0.6 ha plot,yielded.'_.fo•r. Wood Stork, White Ibis, Barred Owl, Ruby- Oriole, 3 (5, 2); Summer Tanager, 3; Wood trees 2-in. dbh and greater, 2067 trees/ha; throated Hummingbird, Hairy Woodpecker, Duck, 2; E. Kingbird, 2; Corn.Crow, 2; Car- total basal area 69.4 m2/ha. Taxodium, 1850, Com. Grackle, Summer Tanager. Remaxks: ohna Wren, 2; Brown Thrasher, 2; E. Blue- 90, 98, 92; and Pond-Apple(Annona glabra), Nests found: Red-shouldered Hawk, 3 (inac- bird, 2; Red-winged Blackbird, 2; Great 217, 10, 2, 8; comprised100% of the total tive);Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3; Com. Flicker, Horned Owl, 1; Pileated Woodpecker, 1; number of trees. Canopy coverwas 86%; can- 2; Swallow-tailed Kite, 1; Pileated Wood- Downy Woodpecker,1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; opy heightvaried 4 to 20 m. Shrub coverwas pecker, 1; Red-cockadedWoodpecker, 1, Mockingbird, 1; Loggerhead Shrike, 1; 0.1%; Taxodiumbeing the onlyshrub species Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1; E. Bluebird, 1; E Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; Com. Grackle, 1; in the plot. Understoryspecies include Panicum Meadowlark, 1. A pair of Turkeys with 8+ Ground Dove, +; Com. Nighthawk,+; Hairy hemitomon (73) an Bacopa caroliniana (59). young(2-3 weeksold) was observed. The pair Woodpecker,+; PurpleMartin, +; FishCrow, No quantitativeanalysis was done on the mixed of Swallow-tailedKites wasobserved building +, Carolina Chickadee,+; Blue-grayGnat- hardwoodhammock owing to its irregular a nestand in courtshipflight. CarolinaWrens
Volume34, Number 1 61 and E Meadowlarkswere utd•zingthe cypress l(l'W, in Sect 29, TSS, R2W Gatchel Quad- hours 15 Census: Least Flycatcher, 165 communitiesalmost entirely, cypressdomes rangle,USGS Continuity:New Size:7 81 ha (143, 58), Red-eyedVireo, 7 (61, 25), Oven- for the former and cypressprairies for the lat- = 19.3 acres (irregular trapezoid, measured bird, S (43, 18); E. Wood Pewee,3 (26, 11), ter. All other territorial birds utilized the slash witT;steel tape and compass).Description of Veery,2;• Chipping Sparrow, 2; PineWarbler, pine community.-- GARYA. PATTERSON, Plot: Pinesplanted, variously, 15-30 years ago. 1.5; Blue Jay, 1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1, WILLIAM B. ROBERTSON, JR., and DEN- Deciduoustrees succeedingslowly to rapidly Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Brown-headed NIS E. MINSKY. (Vegetation analysis by in varioussectors, but only onetree on the plot Cowbird,1; ScarletTanager, 1; Rose-breasted LANCE GUNDERSON and REGINA now overtopsthe pines. A gravelled road Grosbeak,1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, '1; Black- ROCHEFORT). Nat'l Park Service, South curvesthrough the plot from NW to S. Trees2 billed Cuckoo, +; Hairy Woodpecker, +, Florida Research Center, Homestead, Fla. in. dbh and over on five 0.1 acre plotstotaled Olive-sided Flycatcher, +; House Wren, +, 33030, 738 stems/acreand 153ft'/acre basalarea. By SolitaryVireo, +; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, +, diameter size classesthey were: 2-4 in. dbh NashvilleWarbler, +; PurpleFinch, +. Total: 66. JACK PINE FOREST. -- Location: 184/acredensity, 9 ft2/acrebasal area; 4-8 in. 22 species;44 territorialmales (381/km 2, 154/ Ontario; District of Kenora, SandbarLake dbh 452,89; 8-12 in. dbh 51, 56. By species 100 acres). -- DONALD RAKSTAD and Prov.Park, 6 mi N of Highway17 on Highway theywere: Red Pine(Pinus resinosa), 248/acre JOHN R. PROBST, North Central Forest 599; 49ø27N, 91ø33'W, Ignace, Dept. of density,66 ftUacre basal area; Scrub Pine (P. Experiment Station, USDA ForestService, St Energy,Mines and Resources,Ottawa. Con- virginiana),228, 62; ScotchPine (P. sylvestris), Paul, Minn. 55108. finuity:New. Size: 6.59 ha = 16.29acres (õi•r- 138, 12; Persimmon(Diospyros virginiana), veyed by compassand tape; irregular rec- 30, 41; Sassqfrasalbidum, 22, 3; Black Locust 69. RED CEDAR COULEE. -- Location: tangle).Deserlption of Plot:Selectively logged (Robiniapseudoacacia), 20, 2; 9 otherspecies, North Dakota; Billings Co., 1.5 mi NW of in the early1960's for JackPine (Pinus banksi- White Ash (Fraxinusamericanus), Flowering Medora; NE 1/4 of SW 1/4, Sec. 15, T140N, ana)and possibly White Pine (P. strobus). The Dogwood(Comus.florida), Sugar Maple (Acer R102W; 46ø56'N, 103ø33'W,Medora Quad- dominantcanopy tree is JackPine. Most dom- saccharum), Red Mulberry •oms mbra), rangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 1.54 ha lnant in the understoryis BushHoneysuckle Am. Elm (Ulmus americana),Red Maple (A. = 3.8 acresfirregular shape; size determined (Diervilla Ionicera), Labrador Tea (Ledurn rubram),Tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulip(•ra), by planimetricmeasurement from aerialphotos, gmenlandicum),and Green Alder (Alnus crispa). Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), Black Oak Soil Conservation Service). Description of The groundcover is primarilyBunchberry (Quercusvelutina), 52, 4, Canopynot closedin Plot: A couleewith three "arms" merginginto (Cornus canadensis),Wild Lily-of-the-valley the NW one-fourthof the plot (height 15 ft); one and drainingNW towardthe Little Mis- •aianthemum canadense),Twinflower (Lin- canopymostly closedelsewhere, with height souri River. Predominantly covered with naea borealis),Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), 30-50 ft. Topography:Moderate slopes,down RockyMountain Red Cedar•Junipems scopu- Bluebead (Clintonia borealis), and Shining toward the SW except near the E boundary, loturn) with a small amount of Green Ash Clubmoss(Lycopodium lucidulum). There is where down toward the E. Relief 80 ft. Eleva- (Fraxinuspennsylvanica) at the NW point of also a continuousground cover of mosses, tion: 735 ft at the highestpoint, near the N the coulee. Dominant grassesare Little Rice dominatedby Pleuroziumschreberœ A quan- comer. Edge: Similar pine standsextend 100 Grass (Oryzopsismicrantha), Little Bluestem titative surveyof the vegetationgave the fol- ft or more from about 2900 ft of the boundary, Utndropogonscoparius), Big SandGrass (Cab lowingresults: Trees 3-in. diameter and over, but deciduousforest adjoins500 ft and open amovil.f• long•blia), and PlainsMuhly •uhl- based on 5 circular samples,426/acre; total grassor brushadjoin 800 ft near the NW cor- enbergia cuspidata). Dominant shrubs are basal area 155.6 ft2/acre.Species comprising ner. Weather: About average for season; Creeping Juniper •Juniperus horizontabs), 90% of the total number of trees: Jack Pine, temperature 60-82øF; sky clear to partly Dwarf Juniper (J. communis), Buckbrash 244, 57, 77, 100;Balsam Fir (Abiesbalsamea), cloudy during 7 counts, overcastonce with a (SymphoricarposoccMentalis), and Skunk 100, 24, 10, 100; dead trees, 48, 11, 6, 80. light rain falling for 30 minutes;wind Beau- Bush (Rhus trilobata). Ground cover 10% Treesby diametersize class: A (3-6 in.) 116, fort 0-2 (mostly1). Coverage:May 8, 9, 28-30; Grassescomprise 30% of cover, forbs 10%, 27, 5.8, 7; B (6-9 in.) 208, 49, 31.5; 40; C (9-15 June 4-6, 13, 18-19, 29, Total man-hours: 32. and shrubs60%. Edge: Borderedon all sides in.) 102, 24, 41.6, 53. Shrub stems/acre Census:Indigo Bunting,4 (51, 21); Cardinal, by eroded Badlands. Topography:Rugged 26,902;ground cover 42%; canopycover 70%; 3.5 (45, 18); Red-eyedVireo, 3 (38, 16); Pine Very steeplysloping from a highbutte into the averagecanopy height 66 ft (range60-71). Warbler, 3; KentuckyWarbler, 3; Blue-gray coulee.Moderately sloping from the head of Edge: Borderedon the E by similar vegeta- Gnatcatcher, 2.5; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2.5; the couleeto the bottom of the drainage Sur- tion. The N, S and W bordersare aspen-pine White-eyed Vireo, 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, roundedby Badlandson all sides.Elevation: woods. Elevation: 443 ft. Weather: Warm and 1.5; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1.5; Chuck-will's- 2350-2450ft. Weather:.Skies overcast to mostly extremelydry June.Census periods generally widow, 1.5; Gray Catbird, 1.5; Prairie War- clear.Dry throughoutperiod. No precipitation cool (4-10øC)with little or no wind. Rain dur- bler, 1.5; Yellow-breastedChat, 1.5; Chipping during any census.Temperatures 40-75øF ing 1 census.Coverage: June 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,15, Sparrow,1.5; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1 Coverage:June 2, 10-11, 13, 15, 18, 21, July 27, 29; betweendawn and 0800 or 1800-2100 (female);Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1; Acadian 21; betweendawn and 0910. Total man-hours hours, CDT. Total man-hours: 24. Census: Flycatcher,1; Field Sparrow,1; Whip-poor- 7.2. Census: Rufous-sided Towhee, 4 (260, LeastFlycatcher, 7 (106,43); Ovenbird,4 (61, will, 0.5; Brown Thrasher, 0.5; Corn. Yellow- 105);Black-billed Magpie, 1; Black-and-white 25); Brown Creeper,3 (46, 18); E. Wood throat, +; SummerTanager, +. Total: 23 spe- Warbler, 1; Chipping Sparrow,1. Total: 4 Pewee,1; Ruby-crownedKinglet, 1; Solitary cies; 39 territorial males (499/km 2, 202/100 species;7 territorial malesor females(455/ Vireo, 1; Red-eyedVireo, 1; Yellow-rumped acres).Scott Phillips and Juanita R. Webster km2, 184/100 acres). Visitor: Brown-headed Warbler, 1; Bay-breastedWarbler, 1; Hermit helped with the censuswork, but their time Cowbird. Remarks: Nest located: Black-billed Thrash, 0.5; NashvilleWarbler, +. Total: 11 was not calculated above. --J. DAN WEB- Magpie, 1. This couleelies within Theodore species;20.5 territorial males or females(311/ STER, Hanover College.Hanover. Ind. 47243. RooseveltNat'l Park (SouthUnit). The steep- km•, 126/100 acres).Visitors: SpruceGrouse, nessof this site made it impossibleto obtain PileatedWoodpecker, Black-backed Three- 68. RED PINE PLANTATION. -- Loca- quantitativedata on the treesforming the can- toed Woodpecker,Blue Jay, Gray Jay, Com. tion: Minnesota; Cass Co., Chippewa Nat'l opy. -- J. M. WIEHE and FARRON WAL- Raven,Evening Grosbeak, Blackburnian War- Forest;NE 1/4of SE IA, Sec.4, T145N, R30W; LACE, ZoologyDept., N.D. State Univ., Far- bier. Remarks:Solitary Vireo, Red-eyedVir- PenningtonQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: go, N.D. 58105. eo, Hermit Thrush and Nashville Warbler New. Size: 11.5 ha = 28.5 acres.Description of were found in areas with higher densityof Plot: Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) plantation 70. LANDSCAPED PARK AREA. -- QuakingAspen (Populus tremuloides) near with averagecanopy height about 60-65 ft. Location: New Brunswick;Albert Co., at junc- forestedge. Special thanks to Paula Terpstra There are scatteredhardwood saplings 20-35 tion of Route 114 and Point Wolfe Road in for assistancewith the quantitativehabitat ff high,mainly Paper Birch (Betula papy•fem) Fundy Nat'l Park; 45ø36'N,64ø57W, NTS destruction. -- BRUCE D. RALPH, P.O. Box with a lower, 8-12 ft, discontinuouslayer of map 21H/10W Alma. Continuity:New. Size: 1096.Ignace, Ont. POT 170, Canada. Corylusspp. and Pmnus spp. Edge: Bordered 22.5 ha = 55.6 acres (irregular, roughly six- on S, W and NW by mixed coniferous-hard- sided, area with topographic boundaries, 67. PINE PLANTATION. -- Location: wood forest and a Red Pine clearcut on E and about 1900 ft N-S by 2050 ft E-W; area cal- Indiana; Perry Co., HoosierNat'l Forest,0.5 NE. Topography:Flat. Coverage:May 23, 27; culated from 1:2400 park plan). Description mi N Gatchel, N corner at 38ø3'2TN, 86ø39' June 6, 10, 24-25; 0600-1100. Total man- of Plot: A landscapedaccommodation and
62 AmericanBirds, January 1980 recreation area dominated by mowed lawn 71. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT AND 3, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2, Downy Wood- (about25 acres),7 woodlandgroves (about 10 SWAMP.- Location: Connecticut, Fairfield pecker,2, E Wood Pewee,2, Tree Swallow,2, acres), flower beds, ornamental shade trees Co., Newtown, intersection of Route 34 and BlueJay, 2; Veery,2; ScarletTanager, 2; Car- and shrubs,7600 ft of pavedroadways, 6 small Zoar Rd; 41ø24'N,73ø14'W, Southbury Quad- dinal, 2; SongSparrow, 2; Mallard, 1; Com parkinglots, 43 buildingsand a deeppond (2 rangle, USGS. Continuity: Established1968; Flicker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Great CrestedFly- acres) Most of the buildings are small 12 consecutiveyears. Size: 14.17 ha = 35 catcher, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 1, (Including29 rentalcabins and 4 singlefamily acres. Description of Plot: See AFN 22:714- White-breastedNuthatch, 1; House Wren, 1, residences)but 3, the main park office,a res- 715 (1968). Coverage:May 21, 30; June6, 14, Am. Robin, 1; Chestnut-sided Warbler, 1, taurant and a meetinghall are of moderate 21, 27; 0600-1400, EDT. Total man-hours: 15. Louisiana Waterthrush, 1; Com. Yellow- s•ze Recreational facilities include 3 tennis Census:Blue Jay, 4 (28, 11); Wood Thrush, 4; throat, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1; N. Oriole, courts, a golf putting green, lawn bowling Ovenbird, 4; Veery, 3 (21, 9); Black-capped 1; Com. Grackle,1; IndigoBunting, 1. Total: green,children's playground and outdoor the- Chickadee,2; HouseWren, 2; Com. Yellow- 30 species;53 territorial males(327/km •, 133/ atre Four of the wooded areas have consider- throat, 2; Cardinal, 2; Rufous-sidedTowbee, 100 acres).--J. and N. BRISTOW, K. SJOL- able human traffic throughthem. Two groves 2; E. Wood Pewee,1; White-breastedNuthatch, ANDER, J. WHITE, J. WORRALL and J are coniferous,composed primarily of Red 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Black-and- BROTHERTON (compiler), Fyke Nature Spruce Gøicearubens) with some White white Warbler, 1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1; Assoc., 249 E. Crescent Ave., Mahwah, N.J Spruce(P. glauca) and Balsam Fir (Abiesbal- Com. Grackle, 1; Scarlet Tanager, 1; Com. 07430. sainca).The remain•ler-areof mixed composi- Flicker, 0.5; Hairy Woodpecker,0.5; Tufted tion, primarilyof Red Spruce,Yellow Birch Titmouse, 0.5; Red-eyed Vireo, 0.5; Downy 74. BRUSHY FIELD AND WOODED (Betula lutea), White Birch (B. papyrifera), Woodpecker,+; Brown Thrasher, +. Total; 23 EDGE. -- Location: Pennsylvania;Cumber- Am Mountain Ash (Sorbus americana) and species;35 territorial males (247/km2, 100/ land Co., 1 mi NE of Carlisle, 0.3 mi NNW of Shadbush(Amelanchier spp.). The coniferous . 100 acres). Visitors: Broad-wingedHawk, US Rte. 11, off Cavalry Road on National woodshave little undergrowthbut the mixed Chimney Swift, Com. Crow, Yellow-throated Guard property; 40ø12'N, 77•10'W, Carlisle woodareas support a moderategrowth of tree Vireo, Chestnutssided Warbler, Louisiana Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established saphngsand shrubs. Edge: Bounded to the N Waterthrush, Brown-headed Cowbird, House 1978. Size: 7.54 ha = 18.62 acres.Description by a campgroundin mixedwoods, to the W by Finch, Chipping Sparrow.Remarks: Only 3 of Plot: SeeAB 33:74 (1979). Weather: Some- spruce-birchforest, to the SW by a golfcourse fewer specieswere seen but the total number what cooler and drier than usual. Tem- and to the E by a gravelbank, supportingwil- of territorial males was down by 56.5. -- peratures: 9ø-21øC.Coverage: May 27; June low (Salixsp.) and alder (Alnussp.) thickets LEON L. BARKMAN and POLLY BRODY, 2-3, 10, 12, 14, 18, 24, 29; 0540-0820. Total and dropping abruptly to the sea beach. Western Connecticut Bird Club, P.O. Box man-hours:19.6. Census:Song Sparrow, 6.5 Topography:Flat terrace slopinggently to a 542, Woodbur3.,, Conn. 06798. (86, 35); Gray Catbird, 6 (80, 32); Brown- central depressionaround the pond. Eleva- headedCowbird, 3 (40, 16); Willow Flycatch- tion: 75-150 ft. Weather: Very wet but warm 72. UPLAND BRUSHY PASTURE. -- er, 2; Yellow Warbler, 2; Com. Yellowthroat, m May; near averageconditions in Juneand Location: Connecticut; Litchfield Co., White 2; Cardinal,2; Am. Goldfinch,2; Field Spar- Jrdy Clear during 4 coverages,foggy during 4, Memorial Foundation, Litchfield; 41ø42'N, row, 2; House Wren, 1.5; Am. Robin, 1.5, overcastonce; mostly calm to a gentlebreeze; 73ø13'28"W, Litchfield Quadrangle, USGS. Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Com. Flicker, 1, temperatures45-70øF. Coverage:May 26; Continuity: Established1963; 13 intermittent Downy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Brown June 2, 6, 13, 21, 24; July 1, 7, 15; 0530-0945, years. Size: 8.5 ha = 21 acres.Description of Thrasher, 1; Yellow-breastedChat, 1; N ADT Total man-hours: 27.9. Census: Barn Plot: See AFN 19:609-610 (1965). Coverage: Oriole, 1; Com. Crow, +; Starling,+; Com Swallow,22 (98, 40); Am. Robin, 8.5 (38, 15); May 27-28; June 2, 9, 24. Total man-hours: Grackle, +. Total: 21 species;37.5 territorial Ch•ppmgSparrow, 8 (36, 14);Am. Redstart,7 16. Census:Gray Catbird, 17 (200, 81); Blue- males or females (498/km 2, 201/100 acres) (31, 13); Cliff Swallow, 5 (22, 9); N. Parula, 4 wingedWarbler, 9 (106, 43); Red-eyedVireo, Visitors: Mallard, Ring-necked Pheasant, (18, 7), Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 4; Starling,3 7 (82, 33); Corn. Yellowthroat, 6 (71, 29); Rock Dove, Mourning Dove, ChimneySwift, (13, 5), Com. Grackle, 3; Dark-eyed Junco,3; Black-capped Chickadee, 4 (47, 19); Brown Barn Swallow,Carolina Wren, Mockingbird, Red-eyedVireo, 2; Tree Swallow,1.5; Least Thrasher, 4; Cedar Waxwing, 4; Black-and- Cedar Waxwing, Am. Redstart, House Spar- Flycatcher,1; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Gray Cat- white Warbler, 4; Nashville Warbler, 4; Am. row, Red-wingedBlackbird, Indigo Bunting, bird, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Black-and-white Redstart, 4; Am. Goldfinch, 4; Rufous-sided HouseFinch, Rufous-sided Towbee, Chipping Warbler, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Cape May Towhec,4; Am. Woodcock,3 (35, 14); Veery, Sparrow.Remarks: Immature birds seenwith Warbler, 1; Blackburnian Warbler, 1; Red- 3; Field Sparrow,3; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, adults: Brown Thrasher, Am. Robin, Com w•ngedBlackbird, 1; Purple Finch, 1; Am. 2.5; Blue Jay,2; Am. Robin, 2; Wood Thrush, Yellowthroat,N. Oriole, Song Sparrow,and Goldfinch, 1; Com. Crow, 0.S; Ruby-crowned 2; SongSparrow, 2; RuffedGrouse, 1.5; Com. Brown-headedCowbird with adult SongSpar- ganglet,0.5; MagnoliaWarbler, 0.5; Belted Flicker, 1.5; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Tufted row.- BRIAN F. ROLLFINKE, 1013 liar- gangfisher,+; Blue Jay, +; TennesseeWar- Titmouse, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; N. Oriole, 1; riet St., Carlisle, Pa. 17013. bler, +. Total: 29 species;83.5 territorial Brown-headedCowbird, 1; Rose-breastedGros- males (371/km2, 150/100 acres). Visitors: beak, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Hairy Wood- 75. MIXED UPLAND HABITAT. -- Loca- ChimneySwift, Ruby-throatedHummingbird, pecker, 0.5; Corn. Crow, 0.5; Ovenbird, 0.5; tion: Pennsylvania; Montgomery Co.; St Downy Woodpecker,Bank Swallow, Swain- ScarletTanager, 0.5; Broad-wingedHawk, +; CharlesSeminary, 0.4 mi SW of Philadelphia sows Thrush, Nashville Warbler, Black- Am. Kestrel, +. Total: 35 species;102.5 ter- city limits on US 30; 40ø00•N,75ø15'W, Lans- throated Green Warbler, Bay-breasted War- ritorial males (1,206/kin 2, 488/100 acres). downeQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity:Estab- bler, Ovenbird, Com. Yellowthroat, Canada Remarks: Growth of vegetationis significant lished 1977; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 7.77 ha Warbler, Evening Grosbeak, Pine Siskin, every year. Number of territorial males = 19.2 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 32 Bobohnk, Rusty Blackbird, Rose-breasted decreasedslightly. Tent caterpillarinfestation 74-75 (1978). Nearly 15% of acreage was Grosbeak. Remarks: Nests found: Barn wassignificant. Thanks to Jim Cavanaugh.-- clear-cut in late 1978 for installation of storm Swallow,22; Cliff Swallow, 5; Am. Robin, 2; ANDREW MAGEE, 34 Itobson St., Spring- sewerconduit along NS boundaryline. This •s Starling,2; Com.Grackle, 2. Broodsof depend- field, Mass. 01109. the first censusfollowing the clearing.Weather:. ent fledglings:Chipping Sparrow, 2; Am. Normaltemperatures (50-90øF) and precipita- Robin, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Am. 73. DECIDUOUS FOREST WITH POND tion. Coverage:Mar. 31; Apr. 15, 21, 29; May Redstart, 1. Territories centered about the AND BROOK. -- Location: New Jersey;Ber- 5, 20, 23, 25, 27-28, 30; June 2, 5, 10, 16, 24, wooded areas and thicker shade trees and gen Co.; Mahwah; Campgaw Mountain Res- July 15, 22, 28; Aug. 5; 20 trips; mostly0600- shrubbery.Most of the Barn Swallowsand all ervation. Continuity: Established 1964; 16 1100, occasionally 1300-1900. Total man- the Cliff Swallows nested beneath the broad consecutiveyears. Size: Approximately 16.2 hours: 24.25. Census:Gray Catbird, 11 (142, cavesof twoof thelarger buildings. This study ha = 40 acres.Description of Plot: See AFN 57); Am. Robin, 9 (116, 47); Cardinal, 9, is part of the AvifaunalSurvey of FundyNat'1 19:623-624 (1965). Coverage:May 24, 29, 31; Ring-neckedPheasant, 7 (90, 36); Corn.Yellow- Park, Parks Canada contract ARt 78-44. -- June 5, 7, 12, 14, 19, 21; 0530-0645. Total throat, 7; Song Sparrow, 7; Corn. Flicker, 4 DAVID S. CHRISTIE and BRIAN DAL- party-hours:11. Census:Wood Thrush, 4 (25, (51, 21); Starling,4; Mourning Dove, 3 (39, ZELL, New Brunswick Museum. 277 Douglas 10); Starling, 4; Tufted Titmouse, 3 (19, 8); 16); Wood Thrush, 3; Red-eyed Vireo, 3, Ave, Saint John, N.B. E2K lE5. Gray Catbird, 3; Red-eyedVireo, 3; Ovenbird, Rufous-sidedTowhee, 3; Blue Jay, 2; House
Volume34, Number 1 63 Wren, 2; Mockingbird,2; Corn.Grackle. 2; Veery, +; Cedar Waxwing, +; Bobolink. +; (Solidagossp.). The only other sizablehabitat Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 32 species; is a mixed conifer-hardwoodforest occupying Mallard, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Downy Wood- 32.5 territorial males (446/km:. 181/100 12% of the wooded area (6.S% of total). Tree pecker,1; CarolinaChickadee, 1; TuftedTit- acres). Visitors: Ruby-throated Humming- speciesare haw*horn(Crataegus sp.), Norway mouse.1; White-eyedVireo, 1; Am. Redstart, bird, Barn Swallow, Red-wingedBlackbird, Maple, White Pine (Pinus strobus), White 1; House Finch. 1. Total: 26 species;90 ter- N. Oriole, Corn. Grackle, Indigo Bunting, Oak ((•. alba), Hemlock, and Black Cherry (P. ritorial males or females (11S8/km •, 469/100 Am. GoldFinch. Remarks: The number of serotina). The shrub layer is dominated by acres).Visitors: Sharp-shinnedHawk, Broad- speciesis high, but this is predictablefrom the Choke Cherry and Witch Hazel (Hamamelis winged Hawk, Barn Swallow,Corn. Crow. varied habitat. Nests found: White-breasted virginiana)while commonground cover spe- Remarks: Nests located: Starling, 4; Corn. Nuthatch, Am. Robin. Wood Thrush and cies are Zig Zag Goldenrod (S. fiexicaulis), Flicker, 2; Cardinal, 1. Ring-neckedPheas- Chipping Sparrow. -- GLEN PHILLIPS Garlic Mustard,and PoisonIvy O•husrachYaans). ant, Screech Owl, Corn. Flicker, House Wren, (compiler). Brooks Bird Club, 707 Warwood Edge: Bordered on both sides by well land- and Corn. Grackle were seen with fledglings. Ave.. Wheeling. W. Va. 26003. scaped neighborhoods. Topography: The The clear-cuttingprior to the censusseason ravine is 1224 m in length, running SE-NW. provideda uniqueopportunity to assessthe 77. CITY RAVINE. -- Location: Ontario; The width varies between 204 and SS m and effect of this clearingon the ability of the Toronto. Cedarvale Ravine. from Heath Street hasan averageslope of IS-18 m on bothsides. vegetationstructure to supportnesting pop- to Cedarvale Park. Continuity: New. Size: 20.9 Elevation141-1S1 m at the baseof the slope ulations. The census data show that the total ha = SI.6 acres(determined from aerial pho- and IS1-165at the top. Weather:Temperature speciesdiversity was little affected(26 vs. 28 tograph with the use of a planimeter). from 8-28øC;S overcastdays and 8 cleardays. previousyear), while the densityof territorial Description of Plot: The ravine is 46% open Coverage:Apr. 4, 11, 16; May 10, 14;June 11, males dropped 10.4% (11S8/km2 vs. 1293/ habitat and 54% wooded.A sluggishstream IS, 19, 22, 26, 29: July 3, S; 0S00-0930.Total km2). By the end of the season.the clear-cut occupiesthe bottom of the valley and spreads party-hours:39. Census:Red-winged Black- areawas filling in with grassesand herbaceous out into a marshat severalpoints. A walking bird, 9 (43, 17); Cardinal, 8 (38, 16): Gray Cat- plants.-- DAVID M. WRIGHT, 527 Rock path parallels the route of the stream. The bird, 7 (34, 14); Am. Robin, 7; Corn. Grackle, Glen Dr.. W.vnnewood. Pa. 19096. drier open areasare dominatedby grassesand 6 (29, 12): Blue Jay, S (24, 10); Black-capped weedyherbaceous species. The streambedand Chickadee,3 (14, 6); Starling. 3; HouseSpar- 76. RUSTIC CAMPING AREA. -- Loca- marshesare dominatedby Narrow-leaf Cat- row, 3; N. Oriole, 3; Song Sparrow, 3; Corn. tion: West Virginia; PrestonCo.. I mi N of tail (Typha anguslifolia).Jewelweed ([mpatiens Flicker, 2; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2; Wood Terra Alta; 39ø271TN, 79ø31'3q'w, Terra biffors). Rice Cutgrass (Leersia o.ryzoides), Thrush, 2; Mallard, 1; Killdeer, 1; Downy Alta Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), and Woodpecker, 1; E. Wood Pewee, 1; Corn. Size: 7.28 ha = 18 acres(roughly triangular, Crack Willow (salix fragilis). with numerous Crow, 1; Red-eyedVireo. 1: Am. Kestrel. +; gridslaid out with surveyor'schain). Descrip- other speciespresent (based on a line tran- Mourning Dove, +; ChimneySwift, +; Cedar tion of Plot: Camp used for nature study; sect). Red Oak (Quercusborealis) dominates Waxwing, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +; partlywooded and partlyopen field. The dom- (importancevalues >150) 40% of the wooded Rose-breasted Grosbeak, +; Am. Goldfinch, inantcanopy trees are RedMaple (Acer rubrum) area (22% of total). with secondaryspecies. +. Total: 27 species;69 territorial males(330/ and Black Cherry (Prunus serotins). Most Sugar Maple (Acersaccharum), Nol'way Maple km 2, 134/100 acres). Visitors: Yellow-billed prominentin the understoryare Crataegussp. (A. platanoides), Red Maple (A. rubrum), Cuckoo,Belted Kingfisher,Swainsoh's Thrush, and Speckled Alder (Alnus rugosa). The Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis).White Ash Black-and-white Warbler. Yellow-rumped groundcover is primarily grasses(Anthoxan- (Fruxinus americana). Basswood (Tilia amer- Warbler, Canada Warbler. Remarks: The thum odoratum) and Jewelweed(Impatiens icana), and Ironwood(Ost.rya virginians). The numbers of House Sparrows and Starlings pallida). A quantitativesurvey of the vegeta- understoryis sparseand almost completely wereundetermined because large numbersof tion gave the following results: Trees 3-in. dominatedby ChokeCherry Oørunus virginians). thesespecies were foraging in the ravine; 3 diameterand over,based on 6 circularsamples. Another 20% of the wooded area (11% of total) nestsof eachspecies were found and provides 261/acre; total basal area 158ft2/acre. Species is recentlydisturbed areas dominated by Box- a minimum estimate. Up to 34 Mourning comprising90% of the total numberof trees: elder (Acer neœundo),Black Locust (Robinia Doves used a weedy field in the ravine to Red Maple. 95. 36, 30, 83; Black Cherry. SS. pseudoacacia), and Siberian Elm (Ulmus forage.but noevidence of breedingwas found. 21, 26, 67; Serviceberry(Amelanchier arborea), pumila). The understoryis dominatedby sap- Brown Thrasher and Indigo Bunting, known 38, IS, 6, S0; dead trees, 25, 10, 16, 83; Scotch lings of these speciesand Garlic Mustard to havebred herein recentyears, were not pres- Pine (Pinus sylvestris),IS, 6, 4, 33. Trees by (Aliiaria officinalis).Aster ssp.,and goldenrod ent this year. The density is similar to that diameter size class: A (3-6 in.) 113, 43, 10.2, 5.9; B (6-9 in.) 78, 30, 22.6, 13.2; C (9-15 in.) 40, IS, 30.8, 18; D (15-21 in.) 17, 6, 28, 16.4; E (21-27 in.) S, 2, 25.8, IS; F (27-33 in.) 3, 1, 16.3, 9.5; G (33-40 in.) 3, 1.23.6, 16.4; H (>40 in.) 2, 0.6. 13.3, 7.8. Shrub stems/acre 9750; groundcover 75%; canopycover 48%; average canopyheight S0 ft (range0-110). Edge: Bor- deredon I sideby a lake. 2 sidesby cultivated fields and I side by mature hardwoods. Topography: A nearly level creek bottom adjoining a created lake. Elevation: 2580 ft. Coverage:June 2-10; 16 trips betweendawn and 0815 hours or 1850-2100 hours. Total party-hours:17. Census:Red-eyed Vireo. 7 (96, 39); Gray Catbird, S (69, 28); SongSpar- row, 4 (55, 22); Wood Thrush, 2; Corn. Yellow- throat, 2; House Wren, 1.S; E. Wood Pewee, 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Brown Thrash- er, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Solitary Vireo, 1; Chest- nut-sidedWarbler, 1; ScarletTanager, 1; Car- dinal, 1; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1; Field Spar- row, 1; ChippingSparrow, 1; Ruffed Grouse, +; Am. Woodcock, +; Chimney Swift, +; Corn. Flicker, +; Downy Woodpecker, +; Great CrestedFlycatcher, +; AcadianFlycatch- er, +; Blue Jay, +; Corn. Crow, +; Black- capped Chickadee, +; Tufted Titmouse, +; Census7Z City Ravine.Photo/P. Smith.
64 AmericanBirds, January 1980 noted in other Toronto ravines The diversity clated with the developmentof a proposed Btrd Observatory,Port Rowan, Ontarto, Can- as measuredby the Shannon-WienerIndex IS Ontario Hydro Generating Station at Chats ada NOE 1MO 1 22 and is also similar to the values obtained Falls on the Ottawa River. Thanks to Ontario for other Toronto ravines(Moore Park, 1.18; Hydro for permissionto publishtheir data. -- 80. TRANSITIONAL MIXED FOREST- Park Drive, 1.20 etc.). A measureof similarity TERRY N. TOBIAS and ROB R. EVANS, FIELD. -- Loeatlon: Ontario; Simcoe Co, In speciescomposition, Sorenson's Coefficient The Proctor & Redfern Group, 75 Eglinton Tay Township, Wye Marsh, 4 km SE of Mid- of Community, revealed greatest similarity Ave. E., Toronto, Ont. M4P 1H3. land; 44ø44'N 79ø51'W; Map, Orr Lake 31 with the Park Drive Ravine.Both densityand D/12; Grid Reference - 533917. Continuity: diversitywere alsomost similar to this ravine. New. Size: 6.07 ha = 1S acres(L-shaped, 900 -- PAUL SMITH (compiler), ALLAN 79. RED OAK - AMERICAN BASS- X 400 X 160 m; surveyedinto 25 m squares) G REENBA UM, PATRICIA WEB B, 822 WOOD SAVANNAH. -- Loeatlon: Ontario; Deserlptlonof Plot: Three distincttransitional Broadview Ave., Toronto, Ontario M4K 2PZ Haldimand-Norfolk Regional Municipality, stages were found. The youngest area of Port Rowan, 5 mi E of Long Point Prov. Park regeneration is southernmost, and covers 78. OPEN ELECTRICAL TRANSMIS- on CourtrightRidge; 42ø33'N,80ølTW, Big approximately35% of the total area. There SION CORRIDOR. -- Location: Ontario; Rice Bay, Dept. of Energy, Mines & are some scattered trees or bushes, mainly Ottawa-Carleton Region; West Carleton Resources,Ottawa. Continuity: New. Size: 7.5 White Ash (Fraxinusamericana), willow •Sahx, Township; SW of Fitzroy Harbour; 31 F/8 ha = 18.5 acres (rectangular, surveyed). sp.), and Quaking Aspen (Populus tremu- (Arnprior) 028335; Chats Falls Generating Deseriptlonof Plot: Consistsof a rolling sand loMes), none exceeding2 m in height. Most of Station; 45ø2TN, 76ø15'W. Continuity: New. duneridge extending through the centerof the this area is covered with a variety of field Size:7 ha = 17.3 acres(rectangular, 120 X 585 plot, interspersedwith smallponds and marshy plafitsincluding Timothy (Phleum pralense), m, measuredwith tape on ground).Descrip- areas. The dominant canopy trees are Red Wild Oats (Arena sp.), Wild Carrot (Daucus tion of Plot: The 120 m wide corridor facil- Oak (Quercus rubra), Am. Basswood (Tilia carota), Red Clover (Trifolium pratense), and itatesthe operationof 4 parallelsets of towers. americana) and White Ash (Fraxinus americana). goldenrod•Solidago sp.). Approximately45% The plot is virtuallytreeless although young The onlyshrub present is Buttonbush(Cepha- of the plot is dottedwith a few largedeciduous (less than 7.6 cm dbh)trees are found in areas lanthus occidentalis) in the wet zones. The trees,mainly Sugar Maple (Acersaccharum), of regenerationalong the edges.Shrub stems/ ground cover is primarily composed of Basswood (Tilia americana), and Am. Beech ha basedon six 0.04 ha, circular samples, 108. grasses,Canada Bluegrass (Poa compressa) (Fagusgrand•folia),ranging in sizefrom 20-30 This IS representativeof only those woody and Kentucky Bluegrass(P. pratensis). Also m. Numerous patches of secondarygrowth stemsthat reachbreast height.The vegetation prominent are Broad-leaf Arrowhead•Sagit- exist throughoutthis area and range in height IS dominated by prolific dense growths of taria latifolia), Am. Bulrush (Scirpusamer- from 1-4 m; most commonspecies are haw- Com Juniper•luniperus communis) that do icana), Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), thorn (Crataegussp.), White Ash, Tartarian not reach breast height. The area coveredby Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica), Broad-leaf Honeysuckle([xmicem tatatica), Basswood, Serv- Com Juniper, based on estimatesat the six Cat-tail (Typha latifolia), Marsh Fern (Thelyp- iceberry (Amelanchier sp.), Sugar Maple, 0 04 ha circles,is approximately50% (range teris palustris), Milkweed (Asclepias&vriaca). White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis),and White 20-100%).Numerous small intermittent ponds A quantitative survey of the vegetationgave Elm (Ulmus americana).The remaining20% and marshes(Typha sp.)account for approx- the followingresults: Trees 3-in. diameter and of the plot is primarily a Cedar-Hawthornfor- imately I ha of the area. Edge: Bordered on over, based on ten 0.1 acre circular samples, est, consistingof White Cedar with somehaw- both sides by White Pine (Pinus strobus) - 23/acre;total basalarea 27.6ft2/acre. Species thorn. The canopyin this sectionis 10-12 m White Birch (Betula papyrifera) coniferous comprising90ø70 of the total number of trees: Nature trails passthrough each sectionof the forest A large deadwoodbeaver swamp is Red Oak, 6, 26, 37, 30; Buttonbush, 5, 22, 2, plot. Edge: The W side is bordered by an locatedapproximately 250 m to the NE of the 10; Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), 3, 17, 10, extensivemarsh with patchesof White Cedar, NE corner.Topography: Rugged with numer- 20; Am. Basswood,3, 13, 23, 20; White Ash, willow and Black Ash just outsidethe plot ous rock outcroppingsthat characterize the 2, 9, 18, 20; SugarMaple (Acersaccharum),1, The S and E sidesare bordered by field; the Canadian Shield in this region. Elevation: 4, 7, 10. Trees by diameter size class:A (3-6 Wye Marsh Wildlife Interpretation Centre 69-91 m. Weather: See Census58. Coverage: in.) $, 21.7, 0.5, 1.8; B (6-9 in.) 2, 8.7, 0.6, 2.2; and parking lot are directly to the E. The N June5, 10, 19, 27, 29; July 13, 26; Aug. 11, 25; C (9-15 in.) 5, 21.7, 4, 14.5; D (15-21 in.) 8, end is borderedby a Cedar-Ashforest. Topog- 9 trips, 0521-0804and 1814-2019hours, EDT. 34.8, 13.2, 47.8; E (21-27 in.) 3, 13.1, 9.3, 33.7. raphy: Generallyflat, with somegentle slope Total man-hours: 17.1. Census: Song Spar- Shrubsstems/acre 2600; ground cover80ø70; towards the W. Elevation: 600 ft. Weather: row, 13.5 (193, 78): Com. Yellowthroat, 8 canopycover 28.5ø70; average canopy height 46 Generallywarm, ranging from 12-30øC,with (114, 46); Am. Robin, 6 (86, 35); White- ft (range30-75). Edge: Borderedon the E and moderate amounts of rain, and 1 severe cold throatedSparrow, 6; Brown-headedCowbird, W by similar habitat, the N and S sidesby spellfrom Jtme22-24. Coverage: Jtme 17, 19-20, 5 (71, 29); E. Kingbird, 2; Red-wingedBlack- marshland. Topography: Gently rolling 22, 28-29; July 4-5; 0600-0920, EDT. Total bird, 2; Chipping Sparrow,2; Gray Catbird, slopes, interspersedwith small ponds and man-hours: 44. Census: Yellow Warbler, 12 1, Brown Thrasher, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; marsh areas. Elevation: 575-590 ft. Weather: (198, 80); Am. Redstart, 7.5 (124, 50); Red- Am Goldfinch, 1; Rufous-sided Towhee, 1: Generally 50-60% cloud cover, warm with wingedBlackbird, 5 (82, 33); Gray Catbird, 4 Cooper'sHawk, +; Red-tailedHawk, +; Red- light winds. Coverage:May 31; June 2, 4, 6, (66, 27); Am. Robin, 4; Cedar Waxwing, 3.5 shouldered Hawk, +; Com. Flicker, +; Great 10, 13, 16, 20, 24, 26; 0430-0830, and 1830- (58, 23); Veery, 2.5; N. Oriole, 2.5; Brown- CrestedFlycatcher, +; Tree Swallow,+; Blue 2015, EST. Total man-hours: 32. Census: headed Cowbird, 2.5; Rose-breasted Gros- Jay, +; Scarlet Tanager, +; Rose-breasted Red-wingedBlackbird, 23.5 (314, 127); Tree beak, 2.5; Great Crested Flycatcher, 2, Grosbeak,+. Total: 22 species;49.5 territorial Swallow,10 (134, 54); Starling, 10; E. Wood Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Am. Goldfinch, males (707/km 2, 286/100 acres). Visitors: Pewee, 8.5 (114, 46); Com. Grackle, 8 (107, 2; Mourning Dove, 1.5; Tree Swallow, 1.5, Great Blue Heron, Mallard, Black Duck, 43); HouseWren, 5 (67, 27); E. Kingbird, 4 Warbling Vireo, 1.5; E. Meadowlark, 1.5, Osprey,Am. Kestrel,Killdeer, Herring Gull, (53, 22); N. Oriole, 3 (40, 16); Com. Yellow- Ruffed Grouse, 1; Com. Flicker, 1; E. King- Rock Dove, Mourning Dove, Ruby-throated throat, 2; SongSparrow, 2; Mallard, 1; Blue- bird, 1; BrownThrasher, 1; Bobolink, 1; Song Hummingbird, Belted Kingfisher, Pileated winged Teal, 1; Great Crested Flycatcher, 1; Sparrow, 1; Downy Woodpecker,0.5; Am Woodpecker,E. Phoebe,Willow Flycatcher, Cedar Waxwing, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Com. Bittern, +; Com. Grackle, +. Total: 26 spe- Purple Martin, Black-capped Chickadee, Flicker, 0.5. Total: 16 species;81.5 territorial cies; 65 territorial and non-territorial males House Wren, Starling, Black-and-whiteWar- males or females (1089/km 2, 441/100 acres). (1063/kmL 430/100 acres). Visitors: Green bler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, N. Oriole, Visitors: Belted Kingfisher, Red-eyedVireo, Heron,Mallard, Am. Woodcock,Com. Snipe, Com Grackle, Indigo Bunting, Purple Finch. Brown-headed Cowbird, Rose-breasted Gros- Hairy Woodpecker, Barn Swallow, Red- Remarks: Speciesthat had significant num- beak.Remarks: Nests found (33): Red-winged breastedNuthatch, Black-and-white Warbler, bers of registrationslocated along the cor- Blackbird,12; Tree Swallow,7; Starling,6; N. Golden-winged Warbler. Remarks: Nests ridor'secotonal edges include kingbird, robin, Oriole, 2; Com. Grackle, 2; Mallard, 1: Blue- found (16): Am. Bittern, 1; E. Kingbird, 1, ChippingSparrow, White-throated Sparrow. wingedTeal, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; HouseWren, Great CrestedFlycatcher, 1; Gray Catbird, 1, A yellowthroatnest containing 2 eggsplus one 1. Special thanks to Jon McCracken and Am. Robin, 3; Yellow Warbler, 4; Am. Red- cowbirdegg was found. This surveywas one of Murray Palmerfor layingout the censusgrid. start, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1. Breeding 4 conductedas part of a baselinestudy asso- -- PETER VERBUR G (compiler),Long Point evidencewas found for DownyWoodpecker,
Volume34, Number I 65 Brown Thrasher, Bobohnk, and Red-winged counts,early mormng fog once, temperatures than normal Temperature45-80øF Coverage: Blackbud,Brown Thrasherand Downy Wood- normal Coverage: May 28-31, June 1-4, May 14, 19, June 7, 14, 19, 22, 0615-0945, peekerwere seen feeding young and Bobolink 0500-0630 or 1900-2030 hours. Total man- EDT. Total man-hours: 16.5. Census:Inthgo and Red-wingedBlackbird carrying food. Two hours: 24. Census:Am. Robin, 12 (204, 83); Bunting, 9.5 (41, 16); Ovenbird, 8 (34, 14), of the Yellow Warbler nestswere parasitized Starling, 10 (170, 69); Cardinal, 5 (85, 34); Red-eyedVireo, 7.5 (32, 13);Black-and-white by Brown-headed Cowbirds. Gratitude is ChippingSparrow, 4 (68, 28); E. WoodPewee, Warbler, 7 (30, 12); Worm-eatingWarbler, extendedto the staff of the Wye Marsh Wild- 3 (51, 21); Brown-headedCowbird, 2.5; Mourn- 6.5 (28, 11); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 5 5 (24, life Interpretation Centre and Bufo Inc. for ing Dove, 2; Purple Martin, 2; Red-eyed 10); Hooded Warbler, 4.5 (19, 8); Cerulean their assistance.A specialthanks to Robert Vireo, 2; Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 1; Warbler, 4 (17, 7); ScarletTanager, 4; Wood Whittam and Harold J. Parsons for their advice. Com. Flicker, 1; Red-headedWoodpecker, 1; Thrush, 3 (13, 5); Kentucky Warbler, 2 5, -- MICHAEL A. ELLIOT, CHRISTOPHER Blue Jay, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 1; Tufted Yellow-billed Cuckoo,2; Carolina Chickadee, G. HARRIS, 11 Letitia Street, Barrie, Ontar- Titmouse, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; 2; Tufted Titmouse,2; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, io, Canada L4N1N7. HouseWren, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; Indigo Bunt- 2; Golden-wingedWarbler, 2; Chestnut-sided ing, 1; Song Sparrow,1. Total: 20 species; Warbler, 2; Am. Redstart, 2; Summer Tan- 81. DISTURBEDOAK-HICKORY FOR- 53.5 territorial males or females (912/km 2, 369 ager, 2; E. Phoebe, 1.5; Brown-headedCow- EST, PINE STAND, EDGE, AND POND. -- /100 acres). Visitors: Com. Crow, Com. bird (female), 1.5; Am. Goldfinch, 1.5; Downy Location:Ohio; LickingCo., EdenTownship, Grackle, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: Total den- Woodpecker, 1; Acadian Flycatcher, 1, CampFalling Rock, 1.2 mi NNE of the inter- sity lowerthis year, 53.5 territoriescompared Rough-wingedSwallow, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Com sectionof County Road 210 and State Route to 63.5. Three specieshad decreasesof 3 or Crow, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1, 79; 40ø11'N,82ø18.5'W, Newark Quadrangle, more territories: Am. Robin (15 to 12), Car- Yellow-throated Vireo, 1; Cardinal, 1; Field USGS. Continuity: Established1937; 41 inter- dinal(13 to 5), MourningDove, (8 to 2). Starling Sparrow, 1; Pileated Woodpecker, 05, E. mittent years.Size: 14.16 ha = about 35 acres. had an increasefrom 2 to 10. Specialthanks Wood Pewee,0.5; Red-belliedWoodpecker, Descriptionof Plot: SeeBird-Lore 39:379-380 to W. H. Buskirk for assistance. -- SHEILA +; Great CrestedFlycatcher, +. Total: 35 spe- (1937).Habitat changes:Loss of severallarge- CUMMINS, DAVE McCONNELL, CINDY cies; 92.5 territorial males or females (395/ diameter trees, from windfall and cutting in MANNING, and MARILYN MARSHALL, km 2, 160/100 acres). Visitors: Red-taded the small streamvalley. Weather: No unusual BiologyDept., Earlham College,Richmond, Hawk, Hairy Woodpecker,Solitary Vireo, patterns.Coverage: June 2, 5; Aug. 24. Total Ind. 47374. Yellow-throatedWarbler, Red-wingedBlack- man-hours:20. Census:Acadian Flycatcher, 8 bird. Remarks: Nests found: E. Phoebe, (56, 23); Red-eyedVireo, 8; Wood Thrush, 7 83. DECIDUOUS CLEARCUT. -- Loca- Wood Thrush, Cardinal, Field Sparrow, 1 (49, 20); Am. Robin, 5 (35, 14); Scarlet Tan- tion: Tennessee;Washington Co., Horse Cove each. Fledglingsnoted: Downy Woodpecker, ager, 5; Cerulean Warbler, 4 (28, 11); E. Gap; about4.5 mi S of JohnsonCity; 36ø14'N, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Wood Pewee,3 (21, 9); House Wren, 3; Gray 82ø22'W, Erwin Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Worm-eating Warbler, Golden-wingedWar- Catbird, 3; Kentucky Warbler, 3; Cardinal, 3; tinuity: Established1975; 5 consecutiveyears. bler, Am. Redstart. In early August the for- Mourning Dove, 2; Red-belliedWoodpecker, Size: 20.23 ha = 50 acres.Description of Plot: estedarea was clearedand coal strip-mining 2; DownyWoodpecker, 2; Great CrestedFly- SeeAB 29:1117-8(1975). Weather. A wet spring. begun immediatelyupslope of the existing catcher, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; White- Coverage:May 19-21, 23, 25, 28, 30; June 6, mine bench. This study was funded by an breastedNuthatch, 2; Yellow-throatedVireo, 25; 0600-0900 and 1700-1900. Total man- orphanmine reclamationproject coordinated 2; Ovenbird, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; hours: 16. Census: Rufous-sidedTowhee, 14 by the Tennessee Valley Authority -- Chipping Sparrow, 2; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, (69, 28); Yellow-breastedChat, 10 (49, 20); CHARLES P. NICHOLSON, P.O. Box 402, 1; ScreechOwl, 1; Ruby-throatedHumming- IndigoBunting, 10; HoodedWarbler, 7.5 (37, Norris, Tenn. 37828. bird, 1; Hairy Woodpecker,1; E. Phoebe,1; 15); White-eyed Vireo, 6 (30, 12); Kentucky Blue Jay, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 1; Blue-gray Warbler, 6; Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 5 Gnatcatcher,1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Warbling (25, 10); Red-eyedVireo, 5; Cardinal,4 (20, 8); 85. MIXED - MESOPHYTIC WOODS, Vireo, 1; LouisianaWaterthrush, 1; Am. Red- Am. Goldfinch, 3 (15, 6); Blue-gray Gnat- FIELDS, AND BRUSH. -- Location: Tennes- start, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Rose-breastedGros- catcher, 2; Black-and-whiteWarbler, 2; Car- see; Putnam Co., about 5 mi WNW of Mon- beak, 1; Indigo Bunting,1; Am. Goldfinch,1; olina Chickadee, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; N. terey, in BarnesHollow to NW of Lee Knob, Song Sparrow, 1. Total: 38 species;89 ter- Parula, 1; Corn. Yellowthroat, 1; Brown- 36ø9'45", 85ø22'W, Monterey Quadrangle, ritorial males (females), 628/km 2, 254/100 headed Cowbird, (female) 1; PilearealWood- USGS. Continuity: Established 1978 (1977 acres).Remarks: The most mature and pro- pecker, +; Downy Woodpecker,+. Total: 19 open portions);3 consecutiveyears. Size: 30 ductivearea, in the E end of the small stream species;79.5 territorial males or females(393/ ha = 74 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 32 valley, sufferedits secondsignificant disturb- km •, 159/100 acres). Remarks: Observed 80 (1978) and 33:79 (1979). Changes:House ance by the loss of two oaks by cutting and feeding young: Blue-gray Gnatcatcher and built. The IA acrefield plantedto sweetcorn, Red Elm by windfall. In removingthe timber, Yellow-breastedChat. Total densitycontinues millet, sorghum,beans, and sunflowers(last caterpillar tractor damageto ground cover to increase.Total speciesup this year, also. twodestroyed by rabbits);some of ryeharvested and understory,in additionto whatwas downed Six new territorial speciesthis year: Pileareal by June;quite weedyin July.Weather: Cooler by the trees, was added. Owing to reduced Woodpecker,Carolina Chickadee,Gray Cat- than normal;late frostsApr. 29 and May 26 coveragebecause of travel restrictions,this bird, N. Parula, Com. Yellowthroat, and Am. Bad floodingMay 3-5, someflooding m the year's censusis not typical of previousones. Goldfinch.Species showing greatest increase very wet July; June and August mostly dry Time wasavailable for the discoveryof only 16 was the Red-eyedVireo (5 this year compared Coverage:Apr. 17-18, 20, 22, 28-29; May 1-3, nests(average about 34). The number of spe- to 1 last year). Species showing greatest 6-10, 14-15, 18, 26-27, 30; June 1-2, 6, 8, 19, ciesand pairsremained relatively unchanged. decrease was the Chestnut-sided Warbler 0500-2030 hours, CDT. Total man-hours over The presenceof the Hooded Warbler could (nonethis year as opposedto 5 last year). -- 51. Census: Red-eyed Vireo, 22.5 (75, 30), not be verified as a summer resident. No evi- RICHARD P. LEWIS, Rt. 3, Box 5, Bristol, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher,6.5 (22, 9); Indigo dence of cowbird parasitism was obtained. Tenn. 37620. Bunting, 6.5; Prairie Warbler, 5.5 (18, 7), Corrigendum: In AB 31(1):60, under total, White-eyed Vireo, 5 (17, 7); Yellow-breasted change3.6/kin, 3.5/mi to 14.8 pairs/km, 23.7 84. DECIDUOUS FOREST AND CON- Chat, 5; Cardinal,4 (13, 5); Field Sparrow,4, pairs/mi. -- A. H. CLAUGUS, 228 S. Lake TOUR STRIP MINE. -- Location: Tennes- Acadian Flycatcher,3.5 (12, 5); Rufous-sided St., Carey, Ohio 43316. see; Campbell Co., on SE slope of Walnut Towbee, 3.5; Kentucky Warbler, 3 (10, 4), Mountain, 3.1 mi NW of LaFollette; 36o24' Yellow-billedCuckoo, 2; CarolinaChickadee, 82. SUBURBAN CEMETERY. -- Loca- 30"N, 84ø09'53•W;Ivydell Quadrangle.Con- 2; Yellow-throated Vireo, 2; Summer Tan- tion: Indiana; Wayne Co., Earlham Cem- tinuity:Established 1978. Size: 23.4 ha = 57.8 ager, 2; Wood Thrush, 1.5; Hooded Warbler, etery,along Route 40 W on the W edgeof acres. Description of Plot: See AB 33:78-79 1.5; ScarletTanager, 1.5; Whip-poor-will,1, Richmond;39ø49'20•N, 84ø55'W, Richmond (1979). Bulldozingand exploratorycore drill- Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; DownyWood- Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established ing disturbedabout 5% of the bencharea this pecker, 1; E. Phoebe,1; Blue Jay, 1; Tufted 1978. Size: 5.87 ha = 14.5 acres. Description spring. Severalof these cleared areas held Titmouse, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1, of Plot: See AB 33:78 (1979). Weather: Clear water throughoutthe census.Weather: May Worm-eating Warbler, 1; Ovenbird, 1; Com to partly cloudy; no precipitationduring and June normal; July cool and much wetter Yellowthroat, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1,
66 AmericanBirds, January 1980 Bachman'sSparrow, 1, Broad-wingedHawk, (174, 71), Indigo Bunting, 3 (44, 18), Prairie Cuckoo, Downy Woodpecker, E Phoebe, 0 5, Pileated Woodpecker, 0 5, Red-belhed Warbler, 3, Bobwhite, 1, Mourning Dove, 1, White-breastedNuthatch, Savannah Sparrow Woodpecker,0.5; Blue-wingedWarbler, 0.5; Carolina Chickadee, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Remarks: Fledglings noted: Downy Wood- Red-tailed Hawk, +; Ruffed Grouse, +; Yellow-breastedChat, 1; Cardinal,1; Chipping pecker,Am. Robin. -- BOB ADAMS, JOHN Mourning Dove, +; ScreechOwl, +; Barred Sparrow,1. Total: 10 species;25 territorial BIELEFELDT, VERN AUNE (compiler), Owl, +; Hairy Woodpecker, +; E. Wood males or females (363/km 2, 147/100 acres). Benjamin F. GossBird Club, S. 13 W. 22167 Pewee,+; CarolinaWren, +; BrownThrasher, Visitors:Chimney Swift, Ruby-throated Hum- RidgeRoad, Waukesha,Wis. 53186. +, Am. Goldfinch,+. Total: 44 species;95.5 mingbird,Com. Flicker, DownyWoodpecker, territorial males or females(319/km 2, 129/100 PileatedWoodpecker, Great CrestedFlycatch- 90. KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS PRAIR- acres) Visitors: Turkey Vulture, Chimney er, E. Phoebe, Corn. Crow, Corn. Raven, IE. -- Location: North Dakota; StutsmanCo., Swift, E. Kingbird,Great CrestedFlycatcher, Tufted Titmouse, Brown-headed Nuthatch, NE quarter of Sect. 12, T142N, R68W; 47ø Barn Swallow,Purple Martin, Com. Crow, E. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Chestnut-sided 8'N, 99ø14'W,Goldwin Quadrangle,USGS Bluebird, Cerulean Warbler, Blue Grosbeak, Warbler, Am. Goldfinch. There was a Continuity: Established 1972; 8 consecutive Chipping Sparrow. Remarks: Despite the decrease of 4 breeding species from the years.Size: 4.86 ha = 12 acres.Description of largerspecies total, the total densitydeclined previouscensus. --LOUIS W. SCHWEIZER, Plot: SeeAB 26:972(1972). Weather: Spring slightlyfrom 1978. Of the neotropicalelement 2573 Tilson Dr., SE, Atlanta, Ga. 3031Z arrivedvery late and phenologicalevents aver- only the White-eyed Vireo, Yellow-throated aged about 2 weeks later than usual. Tem- Vireo, Blue-wingedWarbler, and Prairie 88. ASPEN CLEARCUT (6 yr). -- Loca- peraturesin May weresubnormal, with aver- Warbler showedreal increases.Kathryn and tion: Minnesota; Itasca Co., Chippewa age extremes of 35 ø and 6SøF. June tem- Sam Coward, Bill Jones,Amy Johnson,and National Forest; NE 1/4of SE 1/4,Sec. 3, TS7N, peratureswere nearly normal (49-77ø).Snow Patty Boles helpedconfirm severalspecies, R2SW; 47ø27'N, 93ø30'W, Lawrence Lake conditionsduring the 1978-79 winter were notably the Bachman'sSparrow; their time West Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estab- adequate and most wetlands on the Wood- (about an hour each) is not included. -- lished1977; 2 intermittentyears. Size: 11.S ha worthStation contained water. Precipitation, RICHARD W. SIMMERS, JR., Route 6, Box = 28.S acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 32: which totaled 1.58 in. in May and 4.64 in. in 211-C, Cookeville, Tenn. 38501. 79 (1977). Most saplingswere 11-13 ft in June, was sufficient to maintain most of the height. Coverage:May 26, 30; June 8, 13, 22, wetlands throughout the period. Coverage: 86. STRIP MINE AND DECIDUOUS 26; 0630-1030. Total man-hours: 13.S. Cen- May 28, 31; June 1, 4, 6, 13, 22; 8 trips, 0545- WOODLOT. -- Location: Tennessee; Scott sns: Chestnut-sidedw'arble•', 10 (87, 35); 1140, CDT. Total man-hours: 3. Census: Co, 2 3 mi NW of Winfield, 36ø34'23"N,84 ø Mourning Warbler, 4 (35, 14); Rose-breasted Blue-winged Teal, 2; Bobolink, 2; W. 29'13"W; Winfield Quadrangle. Continuity: Grosbeak, 3 (26, 11); White-throated Spar- Meadowlark, 1; Red-winged Blackbird, 1; Established 1978. Size: 20.1 ha = 49.6 acres. row, 2.S;Song Sparrow, 2.S; Gray Catbird,2; Brown-headedCowbird, 1 (female):Savannah Deserlptionof Plot: See AB 33:79 (1979). Golden-wingedWarbler, 2; Nashville War- Sparrow, 0.5; Gadwall, +; Wilson's Phala- Ground cover on the E portion of the mine bler, 2; Alder Flycatcher, 1.5; Veery, 1.5; rope, +; E. Kingbird, +. Total: 9 species;7.5 increasedfrom 30 to 48%, mostlya result of Com. Yellowthroat, 1; Am. Robin. 0.5; Brown territorial males or females (154/km •, 63/100 increasesin Lespedeza and Meltlotus. Pine Thrasher, 0.S; Black-billed Cuckoo, 1; Ruby- acres). Visitors: Am. Coot, Corn. Snipe, seedlingswere planted on the same area in fall throated Hummingbird, +; Blue Jay, +; Willet, Marbled Godwit, Barn Swallow, Com. of 1978,at approximately2 X 2 m spacing. Black-cappedChickadee, +; Ovenbird, +; Yellowthroat, Am. Goldfinch. --DOUGLAS The remainder of the area is essentially Brown-headedCowbird, +. Total: 19 species; II. JOItNSON and J. MICItAEL CALLOW, unchanged.Weather: May dry and warm; 34 territorial males (295/km 2, 119/100 acres). Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Juneslightly cooler than normal.Temperature -- DONALD RAKSTAD and JOHN R. Jamestown. N. D. 58401. 45-80øF.Coverage: May 7, 16; June4, 13, 25- PROBST, North Central Forest Experiment 26, 0615-0930, 2015-2215,EDT. Total man- Station, USDA Forest Service, St. Paul Minn. hours 15. Census:Indigo l•unting, 11 (55. 55108. BREEDING BIRDS OF SELECTED 22), Field Sparrow, 8.5 (42, 17); Prairie GRASSLANDS AND SHRUBLANDS Warbler, 5.5 (27, 11); Rufous-sided Towbee, 89. MIXED WETLAND WITH TAMA- IN THE NORTH DAKOTA 3 5 (17, 7); Rough-wingedSwallow, 2; Blue- RACK AND ASPEN GROVES, SHRUB- gray Gnatcatcher,2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Red- LAND AND FEN. -- Location: Wisconsin; BADLANDS wingedBlackbird, 2; Cardinal, 2; Whip-poor- Waukesha Co., Falk Woods Nature Conserv- will, 1, Ruby-throatedHummingbird, 1; Tufted ancy Area, 3 mi S of Waukesha,2.5 mi S of The following5 censusplots are located Titmouse, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Yellow- intersectionof CountyHighways A and F; 42ø near Medora in Theodore Roosevelt Nat'l breasted Chat, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird 56'N, 88ø14'W,Muskego Quadrangle, USGS. Park, along the Little Missouri River. This (female), 1; Am. Goldfinch, 1; Song Sparrow, Continuity: Established1977; 3 consecutive area is mostlyunglaciated or onlymoderately 1, Yellow-billedCuckoo, 0.5; ScreechOwl, +; years.Size: 16.9 ha = 41.7 acres.Description affected, including scattered buttes, eroded Great Crested Flycatcher,+; Corn. Crow, +; of Plot: See AB 32:79-80 (1978). Weather: sedementarybedrock and clay-scoriaslopes White-eyedVireo, +. Total: 22 species;47 ter- Normal temperatures;below normal rainfall. and rollingupland grasslands. The plotssam- r•torial males or females (234/km 2, 95/100 Coverage: May 27; June 6, 19, 22; July 1; ple the grasslandsand shrublands,which are acres) Visitors: Green Heron, E. Phoebe, 0615-1000. Total man-hours: 14. Census: the predominanthabitat types. Average annual Barn Swallow, E. Bluebird, Yellow-throated Red-wingedBlackbird, 15 (89, 36); Yellow precipitationis about 14in. AverageJuly tem- Vireo, Golden-winged Warbler, Yellow- Warbler, 12 (71, 29); Com. Yellowthroat, 9 peratureis 72øF;census temperatures ranged throated Warbler, Chestnut-sided Warbler, (53, 22); Gray Catbird, 8 (47, 19); Swamp from 35-72øF.The weatherwas mostlydry, Blue Grosbeak. Remarks: Nests found: Field Sparrow, 8; Song Sparrow, 6.5 (39, 16); Am. clear and calm. Until the park wasestablished Sparrow,4; BrownThrasher, Prairie Warbler, Goldfinch, 6 (36, 14); Veery, 5 (30, 12); House in 1947this area washeavily grazed by cattle. Cardinal, ! each.This studywas funded by an Wren, 3.5 (21, 8); Willow Flycatcher,3 (18, 7); Someof the plateauregions have been plowed. orphanmine reclamationproject coordinated Least Flycatcher,3; Am. Robin, 3; Alder Fly- There weresawmills operating along the Little by the TennesseeValley Authority. -- catcher, 2; Cedar Waxwing, 2; Brown-headed MissouriRiver and evi•denceof timber cut- CItARLES P. NtCItOLSON, P.O. Box 402, Cowbird (female), 2; Cardinal, 2; Rose- tings can be seenthroughout the park. Cur- Norrta, Tenn. 37828. breastedGrosbeak, 2; Mourning Dove, 1.5; rently about 250 buffalo and 46 feral horses Com. Flicker, 1.5; Mourning Warbler, 1.5; graze the grasslands.This study was sup- 87. DECIDUOUS CLEARCUT. -- Loca- Blue Jay, 1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Red- ported by Nat'l Park Servicegrants CX-1200- tion: Georgia; Rabun Co.; Chattahoochee eyedVireo, 1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1; Chestnut- 8-B030 and CX-1200-9-B037. -- R. B. Nat'l Forest;5 mi SE of Clayton;Tiger Quad- sidedWarbler, 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; Rufous- HOPKINS, Biologv Dept., laniv. tf South rangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1977. sided Towhee, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 0.5; Dakota, Vermillion, S. D. 57069. Size: 6 88 ha = 17 acres.Description of Plot: Great Crested Flycatcher, 0.5; Com. Crow, SeeAB 32:80-1 (1977). Weather: Cloudy and 0.5; Wood Thrush,0.5; Golden-wingedWar- 91. MIXED PRAIRIE I. -- Location: cool Coverage:Apr. 29: May 7, 12, 19-20,25, bler, 0.5; N. Oriole, 0.5. Total: 33 species; North Dakota: BillingsCo., SE quarterof Sec. 28, June 2, 11, 17, 24; 0730-0930. Total man- 106.5 territorial males or females (631/ 3, TI40N, RI01W, Theodore Roosevelt Nat'l hours 17.5. Census:Rufous-sided Towhee, 12 km •, 255/100 acres). Visitors: Black-billed Park (South Unit), USGS. Continuity: New.
Volume34, Number1 67 reeion was usedby Sharp-tailedGrouse as a Coverage:May 14; June 17, 25; 0630-0900. courtshiparea. Total man-hours:4.5. Census:Field Sparrow, 8 (131, 53); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 7 (115, 46); 93. MIXED PRAIRIE IIL -- Location: W. Meadowlark, 3 (49, 20); Corn. Yellow- North Dakota: BillingsCo., NE quarter Sec. throat, 3; GrasshopperSparrow, 1. Total: 5 29,TI40N, RI00W, Theodore Roosevelt Nat'i species;22 territorial males (361/kin 2, 146/ Park (S Unit), USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 100 acres).Visitors: Marsh Hawk, Ring-necked 6.1 ha = 15.06 acres(square, 270 yds. sur- Pheasant, Mourning Dove, Corn. Flicker, veyed). Description of Plot: The dominant Say's Phoebe, Corn. Crow, Mountain Blue- grasses are Needle-and-thread, W. Wheat bird. Brown-headed Cowbird. Remarks: A Grassand PrairieJune Grass. Other grasses Marsh Hawk nestedatop a rock outcropnear found throughoutthe plot are Green Needle theE boundaryand was frequently seen flying Grass, Slender Wheat Grass, Inland Blue low over the plot. The GrasshopperSparrow Census9L Mixed PrairieL Photo/J.B. Itop- Grass {Poa interior) and Fowl Blue Grass 0ø. showeda substantialdecrease from last year kins. palustris). Grasseslocally common on dry (5 to 1). Absentfrom this year's censuswere slopes are Little Bluestem and Six-weeks the Yellow-breastedChat and Clay-colored Fescue(Festuca octoflora). Sedges of regular Sparrow.A nuraberof othercommunity types Size: 6.1 ha = 15.06 acres(square. 270 yds, occurrenceare ThreadleafSedge and Needle- were censusedduring this study and the two surveyed).Description of Plot: This grassland leaf Sedge(C. eleocharis).Shrubs are Wolf- SilverSage Flats appear to supportthe largest is dominated by Needle-and-thread(Stipa berry and SilverSage. This grasslandreceives populationsof Field Sparrows. comata) and Prairie June Grass (Koeleria moderate grazing by a herd of ferai horses. p.vramidata). Other grassesare W. Wheat Edge: Similar grasslands.A gravelroad and 95. SILVER SAGE FLAT H. -- Location: Grass (ARrop.vron srnithii), Green Needle fence parallel the E boundary;a short dis- North Dakota:Billings Co., SE quarterof Sec. Grass (S. viridula), Cheat Grass {Bromus tec- tance away are tame pastures, several stock 1, TI40N, RI02W, Theodore Roosevelt Nat'i torum) and Blue Grama {Boutelouagracilis). pondsand a shelterbelt.Topography: Gently Park (S Unit), USGS. Continuity: New. Size: Grassesthat may be locallyabundant are Lit- rolling hills, slopingslightly to the E. Eleva- 6.1 ha = 15.06acres (rectangular, 190 X 384 tle Bluestem(Andropogon scoparius), Slender tion: About 2760 ft. Coverage:May 16; June yds, surveyed).Description of Plot: Within a Wheat Grass Gt. caninure) and Prairie Sand- 11; July 14; 0630-0930. Total man-hours:4.5. couleethat originatesin the upland prairie. reed (Calamovilfa longifolia). Threadleaf Census: W. Meadowlark, 4 (66, 27); Bobolink, The predominateshrubs are SilverSage and Sedge(Carex filifolia) forms a denseground 2; SavannahSparrow, 1; GrasshopperSpar- Wolfberry. Other shrubs of common occur- coverover much of the plot. There is a single row, 1; Chestnut-collaredLongspur, 1; Lark rence are Coke Cherry Oørunusvirginiana), RockyMountain Cedar (Iuniperus scopulorurn), Bunting, +. Total: 6 species; 9 territorial Skunkbush Sumac, Wood's Rose (Rosa wood- some patches of Wolfberry (Symphoricarpus males (148/km 2, 60/100 acres). Visitors: Gad- sii), Buffalo Currant (Ribes odoraturn), and occidentalis).and a few SilverSage (Artemesia wall, Marsh Hawk, Sharp-tailed Grouse, Rocky Mountain Cedar. The dominant canal).This plot probably receivessome light Mourning Dove, Red-winged Blackbird. grassesare W. Wheat Grass and Six-weeks grazingfrom a herd of Buffalo.Edge: Mostly Remarks:A MarshHawk was frequently seen Fescue.Other grassescommonly found are similar grasslandson the N and W; a short flyinglow over the plot. Green Needlegrass,Prairie Sandreed,Little distance to the E, some scattered thickets of Bluestemand SmoothBrome. Edge: Similar trees and shrubs; on the S a paved road. 94. SILVER SAGE FLAT I. -- Location: on the E and W. A sparselyvegetated slope Topography: Rolling hills, sloping slightly to North Dakota: BillingsCo., SE quarter of Sec. with rock outcropsparallels the N boundary. the NE. Elevation: About 2600 ft. Coverage: 1, T140N, RI02W. Theodore Roosevelt Nat'i An ephemeralstream parallels the S boundary May 13; June 13; July 15; 0530-0900. Total Park (S Unit), USGS. Continuity: New. Size: and a short distance away are scattered man-hours: 4.5. Census: GrasshopperSpar- 6.1 ha = 15.06 acres(rectangular, 210 x 347 thicketsof GreenAsh (Fraxinuspennsylvanica) row, 7 (115, 46); W. Meadowlark. 2; Clay- yards,surveyed). Description of Plot: This plot and RockyMountain Cedar(Juniperus scopu- colored Sparrow, 2; Savannah Sparrow, 1; follows a terrace on a stabilized floodplain. lorum).Topography: Essentially level. sloping Vesper Sparrow,+. Total: 5 species;12 ter- The dominant shrub is Silver Sage. Other slightlyto the NW. Elevation:About 2280 ft. ritorial males (197/kin 2, 80/100 acres). Visit- shrubsof regular occurrenceare Wolfberry, Coverage: May 14; June 17, 25; 0600-0915. ors: Marsh Hawk, Sharp-tailedGrouse. Corn. Skunkbush Sumac, and Big Sagebrush Total man-hours:4.5. Census:Field Sparrow, Crow. Remarks: A small knoll at about the •4rtemesia tridentata). The predominant 7 (115. 46); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 6 (98, 40); center of the plot was used by Sharp-tailed grassis W. Wheat Grass.Other grassesfound Corn. Yellowthroat, 4 (66, 27); W. Meadow- Grouseas a courtshiparea. throughoutthe plot are Green NeedleGrass, lark, 2; Yellow-breastedChat. 1; SongSpar- Prairie Sandreed, Smooth Brome {Brornus row. +. Total: 6 species;20 territorial males 92. MIXED PRAIRIE II. -- Location: inermis), Crested Wheat Grass (A. cristaturn). (328/km 2, 133/100 acres). Visitors: Brown- North Dakota: BillingsCo., NW quarter Sec. Cheat Grass, Slender Wheat Grass, Fowl Blue headed Cowbird. 16. TI40N. Ri02W, Theodore Roosevelt Nat'i Grass and Inland Blue Grass. Edge: A paved Park (S Unit), USGS. Continuity: New. Size: road parallelsthe E boundarynear which is a 96. MIXED PRAIRIE I. -- Location: 6.1 ha = 15.06 acres (square,270 yds, sur- sparselyvegetated slope with many rock out- North Dakota; StutsmanCo., NE quarter of veyed). Description of Plot: Dry elevated crops.The sageflat continuesto the N and S Sect. 11, TI42N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, grassland dominated by Needle-and-thread, with similarvegetation. An ephemeralstream, WoodworthQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Prairie June Grass and Green Needle Grass. borderedby Cottonwood{Populus deltoides), Established1972; 8 consecutiveyears. Size: 10 Other grassesare W. Wheat Grass. Prairie parallels the W boundary. Topography: ha = 24.7 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB Sandreedand Three Awn Gtristidalongiseta). Essentially level. Elevation: About 2280 ft. 26:972 (1972).All wetlandswere restoredby ThreadleafSedge is abundant.Low shrubsare precipitationprior to censusperiod. Weather: Skunkbush Sumac (Rhus aromatica), Wolf- SeeCensus 90. Coverage:May 25, 28-29;June berry and Silver Sage. An unpaved trail I, 8, 22; 7 trips, 0540-1105,CDT. Total man- crossesfrom W to E. Edge: Similar grass- hours:6. Census:Blue-winged Teal, 7 (70, lands. A short distancefrom the S boundary 28); Clay-coloredSparrow, 4 (40, 16); Red- are some scattered thickets of trees and wingedBlackbird, 3.5 (35, 14); Corn. Yellow- shrubs. A fence line parallels the W edge. throat, 2.5; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2.5 Topography: Essentially level. Elevation: (females);Am. Coot, 1.5; Gadwall, 1; N. Shov- About2700 ft. Coverage:May 16; June11; July eler, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Willow Flycatcher,1; 13: 0545-0800. Total man-hours: 4.5. Census: Yellow Warbler, 1; Bobolink, 1; W. Meadow- W. Meadowlark, 4 (66, 27); Grasshopper lark, 1; SavannahSparrow, 0.5; Gray Catbird, Sparrow,3 (49, 20); Clay-coloredSparrow, 1. +. Total: 15 species;28.5 territorialmales or Total: 3 species;8 territorial males(131/kin 2, females (285/km 2, 115/100 acres). Visitors: 53/100 acres).Visitors: Sharp-tailed Grouse, Census 94. Silver Sage Flat L Photo/J. B. Mallard, Pintail, Swainson'sHawk, Sharp- Black-billedMagpie. Remarks:This plateau Hopkins. tailedGrouse, Killdeer, Corn. Snipe, Marbled
68 AmericanBirds, January 1980 Godwit, W Kingbird, Com Grackle, Am 1, Brown-headed Cowbird, 1 (female), Blue- Grass (A dmystachyum) Dominant shrubs Goldfinch -- DOUGLAS H JOHNSON and winged Teal, 05, Upland Sandpiper, + are Dwarf SagebrushQtrtemtsta cana), and J MICHAEL CALLOW, Northeen Prairie Total: 5 species;4 territorial malesor females Creeping Juniper (Juniperushorizontalis) Wddhfe Research Center, Jamestown,N.D. (66/km 2, 27/100 acres). Visitors: Gadwall, Ground cover 30%. Grassescomprise 80% of 58401 Com. Snipe, Willet, Black Tern, Barn Swal- ground cover, forbs 5%, and shrubs 15ø7o low, W. Meadowlark, Yellow-headedBlack- Edge: Borderedon the N by AndrewsCreek, 97. MIXED PRAIRIE II. -- Location: bird. -- DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON and J. the E by an erodedcoulee, on the W and S by North Dakota; StutsmanCo., SW quarter of MICHAEL CALLOW, Northern Prairie similar prairie habitat. Topography:Rolling Sect 1, T142N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, Wildli)• Research Center, Jamestown,N.D. Elevation: 2350 ft. Weather: Dry throughout Goldwin Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: 58401. period. Skies overcastto mostly clear. No Established 1972; 8 consecutiveyears. Size: precipitationduring any census.Temperatures 6 1 ha = 15.06 acres.Deserlptlon of Plot: See 100. MIXED PRAIRIE V. -- Location: 55-70øF.Coverage: June 15, 18-19, 21, 23-25, AB 26:972-973 (1972) andAB 32:81-82 (1978). North Dakota; StutsmanCo., SE quarter of between dawn and 1035. Total man-hours. This plotwas burned in fall 1971,spring 1976, Sect. 12, T142N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø14'W, 8.25. Census: W. Meadowlark, 1; Vesper and again on June4, 1979. We completed8 Goldwin Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Sparrow,1; Killdeer, +: Brewer'sBlackbird, censusesbefore this yeaifsburn. Weather: See Established 1972; 8 consecutiveyears. Size: +; Rufous-sidedTowhee, +. Total: 5 species, Census90. Coverage:May 25, 28-29, 31: June 6.1 ha = 15.06 acres.Description of Plot: See 2 territorial males or females (49/km 2, 20/100 1, 4, 8 trips, 0615-1000,CDT. Total man- AB 26:974 (1972) and AB 32:82 (1978). acres). Visitors: Marsh Hawk, Mourning hours 4. Census:Blue-winged Teal, 3 (49, 20); Weather: See Census90. Coverage:June 4, 6, Dove, Barn Swallow, Brown-headedCowbird, Red-wingedBlackbird, 3; Bobolink, 2; W. 8: 0555-0900, CDT. Total man-hours:2. Cen- Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: This site is located Meadowlark, 1; Brown-headed Cowbird, 1 sus: Brown-headed Cowbird, 2.5 (females); within the Little Missouri Nat'l Grasslands (female); N. Shoveler,0.5; Am. Coot, 0.5; Bobolink, 1.5; GrasshopperSparrow, 1; E. and is periodicallygrazed. Thanks to Greg Yellow-headedBlackbird, 0.5; Com. Snipe,+; Kingbird, 0.5; W. Meadowlark, 0.5; Clay- Hiemenz for assistancein censusing.--J. M. Upland Sandpiper,+; Com.Yellowthroat, +; colored Sparrow, 0.5; Baird's Sparrow, +. WIEHE and FARRON WALLACE, Zoology SavannahSparrow, +; Clay-coloredSparrow, Total: 7 species; 6.5 territorial males or Dept., N.D. State Univ., Fargo, N.D. 58105. + Total: 13 species;11.5 territorial malesor females (107/km 2, 43/100 acres). Visitors: females (189/km 2, 76/100 acres). Visitors: Upland Sandpiper, Barn Swallow, Brown 103. FLOODPLAIN TALLGRASS Gadwall, Killdeer, Willet, Marbled Godwit, Thrasher, Com. Grackle. Remarks: This plot PRAIRIE. -- Location: Kansas;Douglas Co., Wllson'sPhalarope, E. Kingbird, Barn Swal- wassubjected to a prescribedburn on June 11, portion of Baker Wetlands Research Area low, Cliff Swallow, Corn. Grackle. Remarks: 1979,so we had but a shortperiod between the (Baker Univ., Baldwin). It occupiesmuch of In visits after the burn, on June 8 and 22, we time the road to the plot becamepassable and the NW ¬ of the SW% of Sec. 18, T13N, observedBlue-winged Teal, Swainson'sHawk, the time of the burn. -- DOUGLAS H. R20E, Lawrence East Quadrangle, USGS Killdeer, Willet, Marbled Godwit (a flock of JOHNSON and J. MICHAEL CALLOW, Continuity: Established 1974; 4 intermittent 20 on June 22), Ring-billed Gull (25 on June Northern Prairie Wildliy• Research Center, years.Size: 10.1 ha = 25 acres.Description of 22), W. Meadowlark, Yellow-headed Black- Jamestown, N.D. 58401. Plot: See AB 28:1031-1032 (1974). Weather: bird, Red-wingedBlackbird and Com.Grackle. For June, mean temperature 17.4-28.7øCtotal -- DOUGLAS H. JOHNSON and J. 101. MIXED PRAIRIE VIII. -- Location: precipitation, 16.9 cm. Coverage:May 22 to MICHAEL CALLOW, Northern Prairie North Dakota; StutsmanCo., NW quarterof July 20 (at 2-4 day intervals); usually 0700- Wddhfe ResearchCenter, Jamestown,N.D. Sect. 1, T142N, R68W; 47ø9'N, 99ø14'W, 1000. Total man-hours: 75. Census: Dick- 58401 Goldwin Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: cissel,15 (149, 60); Red-wingedBlackbird, 6 Established 1973; 4 intermittent years. Size: (59, 24); Com. Yellowthroat, 5 (50, 20); E 98. MIXED PRAIRIE IlL -- Location: 8.7 ha = 21.5 acres. Description of Plot: See Meadowlark, 1; Bell's Vireo, 0.5; Brown North Dakota; StutsmanCo., NW quarterof AB 27:990 (1973) and AB 32:82 (1978). Seven Thrasher, 0.5; Brown-headed Cowbird, + SW quarterof Sect.6, T142N,R67W; 47ø9'N, seasonalwetlands partially or entirely within Total: 7 species;28 territorial males(277/km •, 99ø14'W, Goldwin Quadrangle,USGS. Con- the plot contained water throughout the 112/100 acres). Remarks: Visitors and aerial tinuity: Established1972; 8 consecutiveyears. period. Weather: See Census 90. Coverage: foragers included: Com. Grackle, Bobwhite, Size:6.1 ha = 15.06acres. Deseriptlon of Plot: May 28-29, 31; June 1, 7-8, 13; 0530-1040, ChimneySwift, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, See AB 26:973 (1972). Weather: See Census CDT. Total man-hours: 5. Census: Blue- Barn Swallow, Purple Martin, Loggerhead 90 Coverage:May 25, 28-29, 31; June1, 6, 11, winged Teal, 6 (69, 28); Red-wingedBlack- Shrike, Am. Goldfinch, Nests found: Dick- 22, 9 trips,0650-1200 hours, CDT. Total man- bird, 3.5 (40, 16); Am. Coot, 2; W. Meadow- cissel, 15; Com. Yellowthroat, 1; Brown hours 4. Census:Bobolink, 1.5; W. Meadow- lark, 1.5; Gadwall, 1; Pintail, 1; N. Shoveler, Thrasher, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 7; also 7 lark, 1.5; Clay-coloredSparrow, 1; Brown- 1; Brown-headedCowbird, 1 (female); Mal- cowbirdeggs among nestsexamined. Woody headed Cowbird, 0.5 (9); GrasshopperSpar- lard, +; Sharp-tailedGrouse, +; Savannah vegetationalong drainage ditches forming 2 row, 0.5; Blue-wingedTeal, +; Upland Sand- Sparrow,+; Clay-coloredSparrow, +. Total: boundaries of plot attracted many Red- piper,+; Red-wingedBlackbird, +. Total: 8 12 species;17 territorial malesor females(195 wingedsand other visitors;the thrasher and species;5 territorial males or females (82/kin 2, /km a, 79/100 acres).Visitors: Redhead, Bobo- vireo were regularly noted until early June in 33/100 acres). Visitors: N. Shoveler. -- link. Remarks: The plot containeda Sharp- the smallpeninsula of woodyvegetation exten- DO UGLA S H. JOHNSON and J. MICHAEL tailed Grouse dancing ground, apparently ding from one boundary.The area had been CALLO W, NorthernPrairie WiMl.ifeResearch recentlyestablished, with up to 7 counted.-- mowed in Aug. 1978 as part of prairie man- Center, Jamestown,N.D. 58401. DOUGLAS I-L JOHNSON and J. MICHAEL agement.Removal of hay bales early in spring CALLOW, Northern Prairie WildliykResearch caused noticeable effects to vegetation by 99. MIXED PRAIRIE IV. -- Location: Center, Jamestown, N.D. 58401. damageto early growth of someplants and by North Dakota; Stutsman Co., SE quarter of tire ruts; 85 large hay bales remainedin the Sect 11, T142N, R68W; 47ø8'N, 99ø15'W, 102. MIXED PRAIRIE. • Location: North area during the period until removal on July Woodworth Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Dakota; BillingsCo., 3 mi W Medora; SE 1/4, 20, againcausing vegetation damage. Vegeta- Established 1972; 8 consecutiveyears. Size: SE 1/4, Sec. 19, T140N, R102W; 46ø55'N, tion heights:May 9 = 20 cm; May 22 = 60 cm; 6 1 ha = 15.06 acres.Deserlption of Plot: See 103ø36'W,Medora Quadrangle,USGS. Con- June 10 = 100 cm; June 30 = 120 cm. Our AB 26:973-974 (1972). This plot was burned tinuity: New. Size: 4.05 ha = 10 acres (rec- thanks to Ivan Boyd for permissionto study again just prior to the censusperiod on May tangular, measuredwith compassand tape). this area. -- PETER E. LOWTHER and 24, 1979, which reducedmost upland vegeta- Description of Plot: Western mixed-grass CAR YN T. STAHMANN-LOWTHER. Museum tion to ash. The plot was mostly devoid of prairie site. Dominant grassesare W. Wheat of Natural History, Univ. of Kansas, standingvegetation during the censusperiod. Grass (Agropyron smithii), Blue Gramma Lawrence, Kan. 66045. All wetlandscontained water and were largely (Boutelouagracilis), Needle-and-thread (Sa)oa BREEDING BIRD CENSUSES IN THE unaffectedby the fire. Weather: See Census comata),Thread-leaved Sedge (Carex filifolia), FLINT HILLS OF KANSAS. 90 Coverage:May 28, 31; June 1, 6, 8, 13; 6 Saltgrass(DistichIls stricta), Plains Muhly trips, 0630-1145,CDT. Total man-hours:2.5. •uhlenbergia cuspidata), Big Sand Grass The following4 breedingbird censuseswere Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 1.5; Killdeer, (Calamovilfalongifolia), and ThickspikeWheat conducted on the Konza Prairie Research
Volume34, Number 1 69 Natural Area, a nativebluestem prairie char- Am Goldfinch Remarks: Nests tound Mourn- Dlckcissel,5 (41, 17), Red-wingedBlackbird, actcrazedby flat-toppeduplands with steep ing Dove, Orchard Oriole A flock of 32_+ 3 (25, 10), E Meadowlark,2, Grasshopper flint-bearinglimestone and shale.The soilon Greater Prairie Chickens was observed Svarrow,2; Upland Sandpiper,1; Mourning the ridgeis shallowand rocky, defying cultiva- throughoutJuly's censusperiod. The large Dove,1; Com. Nighthawk,1; E. Kingbird,1, tion. The uplandsslope downward to streams number of visitors indicates that the area was Com. Yellowthroat, 1; Brown-headed Cow- fromunderground springs or valleyswith deep frequentlyused for feeding by speciesthat bird, 1; Am. Goldfinch,+. Total: 11 species, permeablesoil. Commercial cattle grazing is nested elsewhere. 18 territorial males or females (147/km 2, 60/ the major use.A numberof burningand mow- 100 acres).Visltors: Bobwhite, Killdeer, Corn lng treatmentsare beingstudied to approx- 105. ANNUALLY BURNED TALL- Snipe, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Barn Swallow, imate the pre-settlementecosystem; 2 cen- GRASS PRAIRIE I. -- Location: Kansas; Brown Thrasher, Corn. Grackle. Remarks: suseswere on annually burned prairie; 2 on Geary Co., Konza Prairie ResearchNatural Nestsfound: Mourning Dove, BrownThrash- unburnedprairie. Precipitationaveraged 3.09 Area, 8 mi S of Manhattan on K-177 and 3.9 er. The higherbird densityin this censusmay m. in June and 5.55 in. in July. Temperatures mi W on 1-70; 39ø4'15"N,96ø36'30"W, Swede be attributed to the influence of a stream rangedfrom 65-86øF.The weatherinforma- Creek Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Barn Swallowsfrequently fed over the area tion wasprepared by the KansasAgriculture Size: 35.05 ha = 86.61 acres. Description of and wereobserved nesting in a nearbyunder- ExperimentStation. This study was sponsored Plot: Ten randompoints and anglesof a 5 m2 passoutside the area. by the NationalScience Foundation. Special circlewere sampled at 24 randomsub-plots to thanks to John L. Zimmerman, Elmer Finck determinestanding height and percentcover 107. UNBURNED UPLAND TALL- and JerryWilson for their assistance.-- JAN of grass, forb, and woody vegetation.The GRASS PRAIRIE. -- Location: Kansas, J. KNODEL, ZoologyDept., N.D. State Univ. dominantspecies were determined by walking Riley Co., Konza Prairie Research Natural Fargo,N.D. 58102. at random. The dominant grasses(57.5%) Area, 8mi S of Manhattan on K-177 and 1 ml consistedof Big Bluestem, Little Bluestem W on 1-70;39ø4'30"N, 96ø33'W, Swede Creek 104. UNBURNED TALLGRASS PRAIR- Side-oats Grama OBoutelouacurtipendula), Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New Size.' IE. -- Location: Kansas; Geary Co., Konza BlueGrama (/9.gracilis), Hairy Grama(/9. h/r- 38.61 ha = 95.41 acres. Description of Plot: Prairie ResearchNatural Area, 8 mi S of Man- suta), Switch Grass, Buffalo Grass, Windmill Ten randompoints and anglesof a 5 m2 circle hattan on K-177 and 4.1 mi W on 1-70; 39ø4' Grass, June Grass, Little Barley Or]ordeum weresampled at 36 randomsub-plots to deter- 15"N,96ø36'4ffW, Swede Creek Quadrangle, pusilium),Indian Grass (sorghastrumnutans), mine standing height and percent cover of USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 25.21 ha = and PrairieDropseed. Forbs composed 20.5%. grass,forb, and woodyvegetation. The dom- 62.29acres. Description of Plot: Ten random The remaining22% was open ground. The inantgrasses consisted of Big Bluestem,Little pointsand angles of a 5 m2 circlewere sampled meanstanding height was 45.5 cm. Scattered Bluestem,Side-oats Grama, Canada Wild Rye at 13random sub-plots to determinestanding trees(approximately 12) found in the lowland, and Kentucky Blue Grass OPoapratenst•) heightand percent cover of grass,forb, and consisted of Cottonwood, Peach-leaved Wil- Forbscomposed 21.8%. The remaining 43 5% woodyvegetation. The dominantspecies were low, SmoothSumac, and Am. Elm. The veg- was open ground. The mean standingheight determinedby randomlywalking the plot. etation anaylsis was conducted in mid-July. was 28.42 cm. Few trees were present in the Grassescomposed 40.7%; the dominantones Edge: Boundary fence of the Konza Prairie lowland except an Am. Elm, Honey Locust were Green Foxtail (Setariaviridis), Big Blue- along 1-70 forms the S edge. Fire-guardbor- (Gleditsia triacanthos), and Smooth Sumac stem Otndropogongerardi), Little Bluestem ders the remaining edges.Elevation: 1300- The vegetationanalysis was conductedin late (,4. scoparius),Japanese Brome OBromus jap- 1400 ft. Coverage:June 14, 20, 25-26; July 2, June. Edge: Grazed pasture borders the S onicus),Buffalo Grass(Buchloe dactyloides), 9, 18, 24; 0615-0715, CDT. Total man-hours: edge. A fire-guard surroundsthe remaining Windmill Grass (Chloris verticillata), Barn- 8. Census:Dickcissel, 6 (17, 7); Grasshopper edgesof the study area. Elevation: 1400-1454 yard Grass(Echinochloa crusgalli), Canada Sparrow,6; E. Meadowlark,4 (11, 5); Upland ft. Coverage:June 7, 12, 19, 24, 26: July 3, 12, Wild Rye(Elymus canadensis), Virginia Wild Sandpiper, 2.5; Mourning Dove, 2; Com. 19, 26; 0730-0900, CDT. Total man-hours Rye(E. virginicus),June Grass (Koeleria cris- Nighthawk,2; E. Kingbird, 1; Brown-headed 13.5. Census:Grasshopper Sparrow, 10 (26, tara), SwitchGrass OPanicum virgatum), and Cowbird, 1; Killdeer, 0.5; Red-wingedBlack- 10); Dickcissel,8 (21, 8); Brown-headedCow- Prairie Dropseed(Sporobolus heterolepis). bird, +. Total: 10 species;25 territorialmales bird, 4 (10, 4); Henslow's Sparrow, 4, E Forbs;composed 43.1%. Woodyvegetation or females (71/km z, 29/100 acres). Visitors: Meadowlark, 3 (8, 3); Upland Sandpiper,2, 4.7% consistedof Prairie Rose (Rosa arkan- Greater Prairie Chicken, Bobwhite, Com. Mourning Dove, 2; Com. Nighthawk,1, E sana) and Buckbrush(Symphoricarpos orbi- Flicker, Rough-wingedSwallow, Barn Swal- Kingbird, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, +. Total: culatus). The remaining 11.5% was open low,Loggerhead Shrike, Corn. Grackle, Am. 10 species;35 territorial males or females(91/ ground.The meanstanding height was 45.5 Goldfinch. Remarks: Nestsfound: Mourning km 2, 37/100 acres). Visitors: Greater Prairie cm. A dried wetland in the lowland contained Dove, Corn.Nighthawk, Dickcissel. Chicken, Bobwhite,Great Horned Owl, Com Rush (Juncustorreyi) and Fox Sedge(Carex Flicker, Rough-wingedSwallow, Short-bfiled vulpinoidea).Approximately 30 treescircled 106. ANNUALLY BURNED TALLGRASS Marsh Wren, Brown Thrasher, Bobolink, W the wetland and extended into the lowland, PRAIRIE II. -- Location: Kansas; Geary Co., Meadowlark, Com. Grackle, Am. Goldfinch including CottonwoodOPopulus deltoides), Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, 8 mi S Remarks: Nests found: Mourning Dove, E Peach-leavedWillow (Salix am.vgdalol'des), of Manhattan on K-177 and 1.9 mi W on 1-70; Kingbird, E. Meadowlark,Grasshopper Spar- Am. Elm (UImus americana), Rough-leaved 39ø4'15"N, 96ø34•30"W, Swede Creek Quad- row. The large number of visitorsindicates Dogwood(Comus drummonth'), Smooth Sumac rangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 12.22 that the area wasfrequently used for feeding (Rhus glabra), and Winged Sumac (R. ha = 30.20 acres.Description of Plot: Ten ran- by speciesthat nestedelsewhere. copallina).The vegetationanalysis was con- dom pointsand anglesof a 5 m2 circle were ductedin mid-July.Edge: Bordered by a fire- sampledat 12 randomsub-plots to determine 108. IMPROVED PASTURE AND OAK - guardon all edgesexcept the W, whichis next standing height and percent cover of grass, PINE FOREST. -- Location: Oklahoma, Del- to a grazedpasture. Elevation: 1300-1400 ft. forb, and woody vegetation.The dominant aware Co., 3.5 mi S of Jay; 36ø22'N,94ø48'W, Coverage:June 14, 20, 25-26;July 2, 9, 18,24; specieswere determinedby walking at ran- Jay Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New 0715-0815, CDT. Total man-hours: 8. Census: dom. the dominantgrasses (51.7%) consisted Size: 9.11 ha = 22.5 acres (measured from aer- Dickcissel,5 (20, 8); GrasshopperSparrow, 5; of Big Bluestem,Side-oats Grama, and Switch ial photograph,about 660 X 1300ft). Descrip- E. Meadowlark 4 (16, 6); E. Kingbird, 2; Grass.Forbs composed 10.5%. The remaining tion of Plot: Formerly a woodedplateau bor- Upland Sandpiper,1; MourningDove, 1; 37.8% was openground. The mean standing deredby steepslopes. Pasture cleared in 1969, Corn.Nighthawk, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, heightwas 26.9 cm. A lowland streamcon- nowopen except for a few scatteredtrees and 1; Com.Yellowthroat, +; Red-wingedBlack- tained Cottonwood,Peach-leaved Willow, and piles of tree tops and stumps. Surrounding bird, +; OrchardOriole, +. Total: 11 species; Am. Elm. The vegetationanalysis was con- areaconsists of oak-pineforest. The dominant 20 territorial males or females (79/km 2, 32/ ducted in late June. Edge: Boundary fence of canopy trees are Blackjack Oak (Quercus 100 acres).Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Swain- the KonzaPrairie along 1-70 forms the S edge. mar#andica), Post Oak (Q. stellata), White sows Hawk, Greater Prairie Chicken, Bob- The remaining edges are bordered by fire- Oak (Q. alba), and ShortleafPine (Pinus echt- white, Killdeer, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Corn. guard. Elevation: 1300-1400 ft. Coverage: nata). Major understoryplants in the woods Flicker, Barn Swallow,Brown Thrasher, Log- June 11, 19, 24, 26; July 3, 12, 19, 26; 0615- are small oaks, small hickories(Carya spp ), gerheadShrike, N. Oriole, Corn. Grackle, 0700, CDT. Total man-hours: 6. Census: and Tree Huckleberry (Vaccinium arboreum)
70 AmericanBirds, January 1980 The ground cover :s dominated by Virginia throat, 8 (20, 8), Yellow-balled Cuckoo, 6 5 14-70) Edge: Borderedon 3 sidesby similar Creeper(Parthenoctssus qmnquefoha), Low- (16, 7), Yellow-breasted Chat, 6 (1S, 6), forests,on 1 sideby countyroad and pasture bush Blueberry (Vaccinium vacillans),and Brown-headed Cowbird, 6; Ruby-throated Topography:A ravinewith steepslopes to the panicgrasses Oøanicum spp.). In the pasture Hummingbird,5 (12, 5); Field Sparrow,5; flood plaim Elevation:840-890 ft. Weather: the understoryplants are found in patchesof Red-eyedVireo 4.5 (11, 5); E. Wood Pewee, Generallyfavorable with frequentrains and small pines, Pokeweed(Phytolacca amer- 3.5 (9, 4); Dickcissel,3 (7, 3); Am. Goldfinch, mild temperatures.Coverage: Apr. 15; May tcana), and blackberries(Rubus spp.). The 3: Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2.5; Red-headed 17, 23, 30; June6, 13, 20, 27; July4, 11;between ground cover is dominated by planted Woodpecker,2.5; Downy Woodpecker,2; 0600-1000 or 1900-2100 hours. Total man- leeumes,principally Large Hop Clover(Trifol- Carolina Chickadee, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; hours: 58. Census: Tufted Titmouse, 6 (81, •um campestre),Korean Lespedeza(Lespedeza N. Parula, 2; Acadian Flycatcher, 1.5; White- 33); Cardinal, 6; Indigo Bunting, 6; Yellow- sttpulacea),Japanese Lespedeza (L. striata), breasted Nuthatch, 1.S; Killdeer, 1; Great billed Cuckoo, 5 (68, 27); White-breasted Nut- and Bermuda Grass (Cynodondac•ylon). A CrestedFlycatcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Gray Cat- hatch, 5; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 5; E. Wood quantitativesurvey of the vegetationgave the bird, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Bell's Vireo, 1; Pewee, 4 (54, 22); Carolina Chickadee, 4, following results: Trees 3 in. diameter and ProthonotaryWarbler, 1; Kentucky Warbler, Whip-poor-will,3 (41, 16); Blue Jay, 3; N over, based on 6 circular samples,103/acre; 1: Painted Bunting, 1; Barred Owl, 0.5; Parula, 3; Kentucky Warbler, 3; Brown- total basal area, 46.4 ft2/acre. Speciescom- Pileated Woodpecker, 0.5; Hairy Wood- headed Cowbird, 3; Summer Tanager, 3, prising 90% of the total number of trees: pecker, 0.S; N. Oriole, 0.S; Green Heron, +; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2; Great Crested Blackjack Oak, 34, 33, 10, 17; PostOak, 18, Com. Crow, +; Warbling Vireo, +; Orchard Flycatcher, 2; White-eyed Vireo, 2; Black- 17, 4, 17; White Oak, 18, 17, 25, 50; Shortleaf Oriole, +. Total: 39 species;130 territorial and-white Warbler, 2; Mourning Dove, 1; Pine, 16, 16•,22, S0;dead trees, 10, 10, 8, 17. males (321/km 2, 130/100 acres). Remarks: Chuck-will's-widow,1; Ruby-throatedHum- Treesby diametersize class A (3-6 in.), 62, 61, Many hackberrytrees were defoliatedby the mingbird,1; DownyWoodpecker, 1. Total: 22 6 2, 14; B (6-9 in.), 16, 16, 4.8, 10; C (9-15 in.), cankerworm in Apr. and May. --ELLA species;71 territorial males (959/km2, 388/ 13, 12, 10.2, 22; D (15-21 in.), 10, 9, 17.3, 37; DELAP, 409 N. Wyandotte, Dewey, Okla. 100 acres). Visitors: Broad-winged Hawk, E (27-33 in.), 1.6, 1.6, 7.8, 17. Shrub stems/ 74O29. PileatedWoodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker,E. acre 2967; ground cover47%; canopycover Phoebe,Red-eyed Vireo, Com. Grackle, Blue 32%, averagecanopy height 25 ft (range0-60). 110. OAK - PINE RAVINE FOREST Grosbeak. Remarks: Two families of Carolina Edge: Boundedon 3 sidesby similar forests, WITH CLEARINGS. -- Location: Okla- Chickadeesand a femaleIndigo Bunting feed- on 1 sideby continuationof pastureand by a homa; DelawareCo., 4 mi S of Jay; 36ø2TN, in• a young cowbirdwere noted; a nest of the countyroad. Topography:A plateau sloping 94ø48'W, Lake Eucha East Quadrangle, White-eyed Vireo was found. --PAUL B., JR. to the N, surroundedby narrow ridges and USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 7.4 ha = 18.3 and MIDA G. GROVER and FREDERICK deep ravineswith slopesas much as 80%. acres (measured from aerial photograph, M. BAUMGARTNER, Little Lewis Whirl- Elevation 990-1040 ft. Weather: Generally about 400 X 200 ft.). Description o[ Plot: wind Nature School and Sanctuary, Rte. 2, favorablewith adequaterainfall and mild Includes about 4.8 acres of bottomland forest Jay, Okla. 74346. temperatures.Coverage: May 21, 28; June4, borderingan intermittent stream, 10.7 acres 11.18, 24; July1, 9, 16; between0600-1000 or of small second growth upland forest and 111, MATURE (1946) FOUR-ROW 1830-2030 hours. Total man-hours: 45. Cen- brush, and 2.8 acresof clearedland formerly BELT. -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co., sus: Indigo Bunting, 8 (88, 36); Cardinal, 7 cultivated.About 10 deep,water erosiongul- Univ. of Minn. RosemountAgricultural Exper- (77, 31); Tufted Titmouse, 6 (66, 27); Great lies run down from a county i-oad to the iment Station, Poultry Section, 0.8 mi S of CrestedFlycatcher, S (55, 22); Yellow-billed stream bed. Less severe erosion has resulted County Road 42; 44ø43•N,93ø03'W, Coates Cuckoo,4 (44, 18); Brown-headedCowbird, 4; from old logging roads and fire breaks. The Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: SummerTanager, 4; ChippingSparrow, 4; E. varied drainagepatterns along with cutting, 0.698 ha = 1.72 acres (14.0 x 498.4 m meas- Wood Pewee, 3 (33, 13); Starling, 3; Field clearing,and constructionof woodroads have ured).Description o[ Plot: The belt is L-shaped Soarrow, 3; Carolina Chickadee, 2; E. Blue- produceda largervariety of plant speciesthan and runs in both an E-W and a N-S direction. bird, 2; Yellow-throated Warbler, 2; Pine found on any local area of comparablesize. Row 1, Cottonwood(Populus deltoides), aver- Warbler, 2; Prairie Warbler, 2; Killdeer, 1; The dominantcanopy trees are oaks(Quercus aee height 71 ft, density78/acre; rows 1 and 2, Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Downy Wood- spp.), Short-leaf Pine O•inusechinata), and Am. Elm (Ulmus americana), 28 ft, 41S/acre; pecker, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; White-breasted Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis).Dom- row 2, Red Pine O%'nusresinosa), 36 ft, 207/ Nuthatch, 1; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1; E. inant understoryplants include Coralberry acre; row 3, Jack Pine (P. banksiana), 35 ft, Meadowlark, 1; Blue Grosbeak, 1; Am. Gold- (Svmphoricarposorbiculatus) and Spicebush 267/acre; rows 3 and 4, White SpruceOVicea finch, 1. Total: 25 species;70 territorialmales (Lindera benzoin) in the bottomland forest; glauca), 35 ft, 356/acre, and ColoradoBlue (769/km 2, 311/100 acres. Visitors: Bobwhite, small ShortleafPines and Tree Huckleberry Spruce(P. pungens),24 ft, 52/acre; row 4, MourningDove, Hairy Woodpecker,Scissor- (Vacciniumarborcure) on the woodedslopes. White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis),26 ft, 296/ tailed Flycatcher,E. Phoebe,Blue Jay, Corn. Major ground plants are Tick Trefoils (Des- acre. Dominant understorygrowth consists of Crow, Am. Robin, Red-winged Blackbird, modiumspp.), Virginia Creeper (parthenocis- grasses,Black Raspberry(Rubus occidentdis), Com Grackle, Lark Sparrow.Remarks:Nests sus quinquefolia),and spring ephemeralson and Red-berried Elder (Sambucuspubens); found E. Kingbird (1), ChippingSparrow (1). the stream bottom and Lowbush Blueberry ground cover 70%; canopy cover 58%. Edge: -- PAUL B., JR. and MIDA G. GROVER, (Vacciniumvacillans) and panicgrasses OVani - Borderedon the N by a peafield, on the E by a and FREDERICK M. BAUMGARTNER, cum spp.)on the slopes.A quantitativesurvey cornfield,a mowedlawn, and farm buildings, Ltttle Lewis Whirlwind Nature School and of the vegetationgave the following results: on the S and the W by a soybeanfield. Topog- Sanctuar),,Rte. 2, Jay, Okla. 74346. Trees 3 in. diameter and over, based on 5 cir- raphy:Flat; elevation951 ft. Weather:Spring cular samples,94/acre; total basal area 42.8 was about 3 weeks later than normal. Mean 109. MIXED HABITAT - DISTURBED ft2/acre.Species comprising 90% of the total temperatures during census periods 60øF BOTTOMLAND. -- Location: Oklahoma; number of trees:Bitternut Hickory, 30, 32, 14, (range31-88ø). Coverage: Apr. 26-27; May 3, WashingtonCo., Dewey,2 mi W of intersec- 40; ShortleafPine, 26, 28, 6, 40; Flowering 13, 16, 18, 23-25; June 1, 4-5, 8, 11-12; July tion of Ninth St. and Hwy 75 and 0.3 mi N on Dogwood(Cornusfiorida), 8, 9, 15, 40; Sugar 10-12; 0530-1230. Total man-hours: 17. Cen- E bank of Caney River; 36ø48'N,95ø58'W, Maple (Acersaccharum), 6, 6, 1S, 20; N. Red sus: Corn. Grackle, 11 (1580, 640: nesting Tulsa Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estab- Oak (Quercusrubra), 4, 4, 27, 40; Black Oak females);Mourning Dove,4 (575, 233); Song hshed 1972; 8 consecutiveyears. Size: 40.47 (Q. velutb•a),4, 4, 18, 20; Post Oak •Q. stellata), Soarrow, 4; Blue Jay, 1; Gray Catbird, 1; ha = 100 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 4. 4, 18, 40; Chinkapin Oak (Q. muehlenber- Brown Thrasher, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Brown- 26 976-977 (1972).Weather: Mild. Count days gii), 4, 4, 1, 20; Am. Elm (Ulmusamericana), headed Cowbird, 1; Great Horned Owl, +; E. wereclear to partlycloudy with temperature 2, 2, 4, 20; dead trees, 2, 2, 4, 20. Trees by Kingbird, +; Chipping Sparrow,+. Total: 11 extremesof 41ø-92øF.Coverage: Apr. 26; May diameter size class:A (3-6 in.) 72, 77, 7.8, 18; species24 territorial males or females (3448/ 1, 12, 22, 25; June 1, 16, 22, 27; July 2; 0630- B (6-9 in.) 4, 4, 1.2, 3; C (9-15 in.) 10, 11, 8, 18; km2, 139S/acres).Visitors:Am. Kestrel, Ring- 1150 and 1325-1740. Man-hours: 35.2. Cen- D (15-21 in.) 2, 2, 3.6, 9; E (21-27 in.) 4, 4, necked Pheasant, Ruby-throated Humming- sns:Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 17 (42, 17);Indigo 12.4, 29; F (27-33 in.) 2, 2, 9.8, 23. Shrub bird, Corn. Flicker, Least Flycatcher, Barn Bunting,16.5 (41, 17);Red-winged Blackbird, stems/acre6,740; ground cover52%; canopy Swallow,Purple Martin, Corn. Crow, Black- 10 (25, 10); Cardinal,9 (22, 9); Com. Yellow- cover59%; averagecanopy height 26 ft (range cappedChickadee, House Wren, Cedar Wax-
Volume34, Number 1 71 wing,Starling, Warbling Vireo, Yellow War- Dominant understorygrowth consistsof Umv of Mlnn RosemountAgricultural Exper- bier, Com Yellowthroat, House Sparrow, grasses,ground cover 53%, canopy cover 77% lment Station,Agricultural Engineering Sec- Red-wingedBlackbird, N. Oriole, Rose- Edge:Bordered on the N by a hayfieldon the tion, 1.5mi S of CountyRoad 42: 44ø43'N,93 ø breasted Grosbeak, Am. Goldfinch, Savan- E by a dirt road,a smallwoodlot, and a mowed 05'W, CoatesQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: nah Sparrow,Vesper Sparrow.Remarks: lawn,on the S by a cornfield,and on the W by New.S{ze: 0.787 ha = 1.94 acres(26.7 X 294 6 Nestsfound (37): Horned Owl, 1; Mourning a cornfield, a mowed lawn, and 2 sewage m, measured).Description of Plot: The belt Dove, 7; Blue Jay, 1; Gray Catbird, 2; Brown sludgeponds. Topography: Essentially flat; runs in an E-W direction. Row 1, Tartarian Thrasher,2; Am. Robin,3; Com.Grackle, 17; elevation 983 ft. Weather: See Census 111. Honeysuckle(Lonicera tatatica), average ChippingSparrow, 2; SongSparrow, 2. -- Coverage:Apr. 26-27; May 3, 13, 16,18, 23-25; height11 ft, density27/acre, and Amur Maple RICHARD H. YAHNER, Dept. of Ent., Fish- June 1, 4-5, 8, 11-12,July 10-12; 0530-1230. (Acerginnala), 13 ft, 63/acre;row 2, Com ertesand Wildlife, Univ. of Minn., St. Paul Total man-hours: 8. Census: Com. Grackle, Lilac(Syringa vulgaris), 11 ft, 129/acre;row 3, Mtnn. 55108. 31 (8418, 3407; nestingfemales); Mourning HoneyLocust (Gleditsia triacanthos), 24 ft, 51 Dove,2; Am. Robin,1; E. Kingbird,+; Brown /acre;rows 3 and 7, GreenAsh (Fraxinuspenn- 112. MATURE 11948}FIVE-ROW BELT. Thrasher, +; Warbling Vireo, +; Com. sylvanica),20 ft, 90/acre;rows 4 and 5, Cot- -- Location:Minnesota; Dakota Co., Univ. of Yellowthroat, +. Total: 7 species;34 ter- tonwood(Populus deltoides), 39 ft, 25/acre, Minn. RosemountAgricultural Experiment ritorial males or females (9232/km 2, 3736/100 row6, SilverMaple (A. saccharinurn),21 ft, 56 Station,North Beef Section, 0.5 mi S of County acres). Visitors: Am. Kestrel, Ring-necked /acre;row 8, PonderosaPine (P•'nus ponderosa), Road 42; 44ø44'N,93ø05'W, Coates Quad- Pheasant,Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Downy Wood- 19 ft, 72/acre; row 9, White Spruce (Ptcea rangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 0.706 pecker,Great Crested Flycatcher, Least Fly- glauca),17 ft, 45/acre.Dominant understory ha = 1.74 acres (21X336 m, measured). catcher,Barn Swallow,Black-capped Chick- growthconsists of grasses;ground cover 74%, Descriptionof Plot:The belt is L-shapedand adee, Gray Catbird, House Sparrow,Red- canopycover 61%. Edge: Bordered on the N runsin both an E-W and a N-S direction;all wingedBlackbird, N. Oriole,Brown-headed bya cornfield,on the E byan oldfield, on the sectorsof the beltexcept about « of the E-W Cowbird,Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Am. Gold- S by a secondaryroad and a cornfield,and on sectoris regularlymowed. Row 1, Colorado finch, Chipping Sparrow.Remarks: Nests theW byan appleorchard. Topography: Flat, BlueSpruce (Picea pungens), average height located (58): Mourning Dove, 6; Brown elevation 950 ft. Weather: See Census 111 13 ft, density120/acre; rows 1 and 2, Green Thrasher1; Am. Robin,3; Com.Grackle, 15. Coverage:Apr. 26-27; May 3, 13, 16, 18,23-25, Ash(Fraxinus pennsylvanica), 34ft, 388/acre; -- RICHARD H. YAHNER, Dept. of Ent., June 1, 4-5, 8, 11-12;July 10-12; 0530-1230 rows2 and3, SilverMaple (Acer saccharinurn), Fisheriesand Wildlife, Univ. of Minn., St. Total man-hours: 9. Census: Com. Grackle, 36, 323/acre;rows 3 and 4, Cottonwood(pop- Paul, Minn. 55108. 20 (2547,1031;nesting females);Mourning ulus deltoides),41, 170/acre; row 4, Caragana Dove, 5 (637,258); Am. Robin, 1; Chipping arborescens.11 ft, 906/acre; row 5, Ural Wil- 114. MATURE (1951) THREE-ROW Sparrow,1; GrayCatbird, +; BrownThrash- low (Salixpurpurea), 12, 798/acre.Dominant BELT. -- Location:Minnesota; Dakota Co., er, +; IndigoBunting, +. Total: 7 species,27 understorygrowth consists of grasses,Black Univ. of Minn. RosemountAgricultural-Exper- territorial males or females (3439/km 2, 1392/ Raspberry(Rubus occidentalis), and Box- iment Station,Forestry Section, 1.5 mi S of 100 acres). Visitors: Am. Kestrel, Com. Flick- elder(Acer negundo); ground cover 73%; can- CountyRoad 42; 44ø43'N,93ø06'W, Coates er, E. Kingbird,Least Flycatcher, Barn Swal- opycover 29%. Edge: Bordered on the N and Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: low, Blue Jay, Black-cappedChickadee, the E by farmbuildings, on the S by a corn- 0.32 ha = 0.80 acres (14.8 X 219.2 m, meas- House Wren, Starling, Com. Yellowthroat, field,and on the W by an alfalfafield. Topog- ured).Description of Plot:The belt runsin an HouseSparrow, W. Meadowlark,Red-winged raphy:Flat; elevation953 ft. Weather:See E-W direction,and a naturetrail traversesthe Blackbird, Brown-headed Cowbird, Rose- Census111. Coverage: Apr. 26-27; May 3, 13, E half betweenrows 2 and 3. Row 1, Tartarian breasted Grosbeak, Am. Goldfinch, Savan- 16,18, 23-25) June 1, 4-5,8, 11-12;July 10-12; Honeysuckle(Lonicera tatarica), average nah Sparrow,Song Sparrow. Remarks: Nests 0530-1230. Total man-hours: 12. Census: height8 ft, density72/acre; row 2, Ponderosa found(67): Mourning Dove, 2; Am. Robin,3, Com. Grackle, 58 (8237, 3333; nesting Pine(Pinusponderosa), 23ft, 102/acre;row 3, Com. Grackle,30; Gray Catbird, 1; Chipping females);Mourning Dove, 5 (710,287); Am. ColoradoBlue Spruce (Picea pungens), 44 ft, Sparrow,1. -- RICItARD It. YAHNER, Robin,2; Starling,1; WarblingVireo, 1; 56/acre.Dominant understory growth consists Dept. of Ent.. Fisheriesand Wildlife,Untv of HouseSparrow, 1; ChippingSparrow, 1. of grasses,and a few SiberianElm (Ulmus Minn., St. Paul, Mina. 55108. Total:7 species;69 territorial males or female purnila)occur in row 3; groundcover 27%; (9799/km2, 3966/100acres). Visitors: Com. canopycover 22%. Edge: Bordered on the N 116. IMMATURE (1966} FOUR-ROW Flicker, Least Flycatcher,Barn Swallow, by a coniferblock planting, on the E by a row BELT. -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co, Black-cappedChickadee, Gray Catbird, of shrubsand the StationOffice, on the S by a Univ. of Minn. RosemountAgricultural Exper- Brown Thrasher, Yellow Warbler, Com. secondaryroad and a soybeanfield, and on imentStation, Plant Pathology Section, 2 6 ml Yellowthroat,W. Meadowlark,Red-winged the W by a dirt road and a mowedfield. S of CountyRoad 42; 44ø41'N,93ø06'W, Blackbird, Orchard Oriole, N. Oriole, Topography:Flat; elevation 948 ft. Weather: CoatesQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New Brown-headed Cowbird, Rose-breastedGros- SeeCensus 111. Coverage: Apr. 26-27;May 3, Size: 0.298 ha = 0.736 acres (13 X 229 3 m, beak, Am. Goldfinch, SavannahSparrow. 13, 16, 18, 23-25;June 1, 4-5, 8, 11-12;July measured).Description of Plot: L-shaped,in Remarks: Nests located (103): Mourning 10-12;0530-1230. Total man-hours:6. Cen- both an E-W and a N-S direction; the N-S sec- Dove,18; Am. Robin,6; Starling,1; House sus: Com. Grackle, 6 (1853, 750; nesting tor is regularlymowed. Row 1, Laurel-leaved St•arrow,1; Com. Grackle,76; Chipping females);Mourning Dove, 1; GrayCatbird, 1; Willow(Salix pen tan dra ), average height 17 ft, Sparrow,1. -- RICHARD H. YAHNER, ChippingSparrow, 1; BrownThrasher, +; density13/acre; rows 1 and 2, BuffaloBerry Dept.of Ent., Fisheries and Wildlife, Univ. of Am. Robin, +. Total: 6 species;9 territorial (Shepherdiaargentea), 9 ft, 24/acre,Choke Minn., St. Paul Minn. 55108. males or females(2780/km 2, 1125/100 acres). Cherry(Prunus virginiana), 15 ft, 158/acre, Visitors:Ring-necked Pheasant, Com. Flick- and Red-osierDogwood (Comus stolomfera), 113. MATURE 11949} EIGHT-ROW er. E. Kingbird,Least Flycatcher, Barn Swal- 11 ft, 14/acre;row 2, GrayDogwood (C race- BELT. -- Location:Minnesota; Dakota Co., low, Blue Jay, Com. Crow, Black-capped mosa),5 ft, 26/acre,and High-bush Cranberry Univ. of Minn. RosemountAgricultural Exper- Chickadee,House Wren, Starling, Corn. Yellow- (Viburnum trilobum), 9 ft, 13/acre; rows 2 lmentStation, Sewage Section, 3.7 mi S of throat,House Sparrow, Brown-headed Cow- and 3, RussianOlive OElaeagnus angusttfoha), CountyRoad 42; 44ø41'N,93ø05'W, Coates bird, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Indigo Bunt- 14 ft, 36/acre,and S. Arrowwood(Viburnum Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: in•, Am. Goldfinch,Vesper Sparrow, Song dentatum),8 ft, 35/acre;row 3, GreenAsh 0.37 ha = 0.91 acre (23 X 162 m, measured). Sparrow.Remarks: Nests found (14): Mourn- (Fraxinuspennsylvanica), 21 ft, 27/acre,and Descriptionof Plot:The belt runs in a N-S in• Dove,2; Gray Catbird,1; Am. Robin, 2; AmurMaple (Acer ginnala), 16 ft, 43/acre, direction.Rows 1 and 2, Caraganaarborescens, Com. Grackle, 8; ChippingSparrow, 1. -- row4, PonderosaPine (Pinus ponderosa), 16 averageheight 11 ft, density190/acre; rows 3 RICHARD H. YAHNER, Dept. of Ent., Fish- ft, 22/acre,Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pun- and4, Cottonwood(Populus deltoides), 78 ft, eriesand Wilflife, Univ.of Minn., St. Paul, gens),16 ft, 30/acre,and Black Hills Spruce 94/acre;row 5, GreenAsh (Fraxinus pennsyl- Minn. 55108. (P.glauca albertiana), 16 ft, 53/acre.Dominant vanica),28 ft, 132/acre;rows 6 and 7, Red understorygrowth consists of grasses;ground Pine(Pinus resinosa), 35 ft, 108/acre;row 8, 115. IMMATURE (1961) NINE-ROW cover87%; canopy cover 44%. Edge: Bordered WhiteSpruce (Picea glauca), 37 ft, 64/acre. BELT. -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co., on the N by an alfalfafield, on the E by a
72 American Birds, January1980 mowedlawn and farm buildings,on the S by a May 19 on, by foldboat Census:Great Blue USGS Continuity: New Size: 18 4 ha = 45 5 small soybeanfield and 2 rice ponds,and on Heron, 71 (731, 296), House Wren, 39 (402, acres(irregular rectangle, approximately 2000 the W by a sunflowerfield. Topography:Flat; 163):Com. Grackle,20 (206, 83)• Starling,15 by 980 ft, measuredon a USGS map) elevation 951 ft. Weather: See Census 111. (154, 63); Tree Swallow, 8 (82, 33); Yellow Descriptionof Plot: The dominantcanopy Coverage:Apr. 26-27;May 3, 13, 16, 18, 23-25; Warbler, 8; Am. Robin, 7 (72, 29); N. Oriole, flora are Gambel'sOak (Quercusgambelit) June 1, 4-5, 8, 11-12; July 10-12; 0530-1230. 7; Double-crested Cormorant, 5 (51, 21): and Mountain Mahogany(Cercocarpus mon- Total man-hours: 9. Census: Corn. Grackle, Downy Woodpecker,4 (41, 17); Black-billed tanus).Gambel's Oak comprises54% of the 13 (4365,1766; nesting females); Mourning Magpie, 4: Red-wingedBlackbird, 3.5 (36, groundcover, and Mountain Mahogany36%, Dove, 3 (1007,408); Am. Robin, 3; Gray Cat- 15); Am. Kestrel,2; MourningDove, 2; Corn. 5% is coveredwith variousforbs and grasses, bird, 1, Brown Thrasher, 1; Chipping Spar- Flicker, 2; E. Kingbird, 2: W. Meadowlark, 2; and 5% is bare ground. Common forbs are row, 1, Com. Yellowthroat, +. Total: 7 spe- SongSparrow, 2; Canada Goose,1; Mallard, Blue Yucca (Yuccabaccata), Plains Prickly- cies, 22 territorial males or females (7386/ 1; Great HornedOwl, 1; WarblingVireo, 1; pear Cactus (Opuntia polyacantha), Paint- km2, 2989/100 acres).Visitors: Sharp-shinned Am. Goldfinch, 1; Brown-headedCowbird, +. brush (Cas•llejaintegra), Mullein (Verbascum Hawk, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Corn. Flicker, E. Total: 24 species;199.5 territorial males(2054 thapsus),Pasture Sagebrush (Artem&ia frig- Kingbird, Least Flycatcher,Barn Swallow, /km 2, 831/100 acres).Excluding the colonial ida), and Narrow-leaf Penstemon (Penstemon Blue Jay, Black-capped Chickadee, Cedar nesting herons and cormorants, 123.5 ter- linarioides). Edge: Bordered on the WS-W Waxwing, Starling, Yellow Warbler, House ritorial males, 1272/km2, 515/100 acres).Vis- and the E sides by similar forest with occa- Svarrow, Bobolink, W. Meadowlark, Red- itors: Osprey, Belted Kingfisher, Spotted sional PonderosaPine (Pinusponderosa) and winged Blackbird, N. Oriole, Brown-headed Sandpiper,W. Wood Pewee,Barn Swallow, EngelmannSpruce (Picea engelmannii). The Cowbird,Am. Goldfinch,Savannah Sparrow, Black-cappedChickadee. Remarks: At last W side contains some cliffs and the S-E corner Vesper Sparrow, Song Sparrow. Remarks: Chatfield Reservoirfilled to its permanent is borderedby the Gold CampRoad. Topog- Nests found (36): Mourning Dove, 9; Gray poollevel, and the plotwas completely flooded. raphy: On an E-Facing,60 ø slope,but with Catbird 1; Brown Thrasher, 2; Am. Robin, 4; Water storagebegan about May 7; half the meadow area level. Elevation: 6600 fi. Weath- Corn Grackle, 24. -- RICHARD H. YAH- plot floodedby May 14; watertotally covered er: Warm and sunny with occasionalafter- NER, Dept. of Ent., Fisheries and Wildlife, it by May 19.The lakereached full capacityin noonshowers. Rainfall average. Temperatures Umv of Minn., St. Paul, Minn. 55108. mid-June,with 7-10 ft in the grove.Ground- in the upper 80s and 90s F, normal for the nestingbirds, and low shrubnesters, obviously area. Coverage:July 20, 22, 24-25, 28, 31, 117. IMMATURE (1974) THREE-ROW sufferedfrom the immediateflooding. Pre- Aug. 1. 4-8, 19, 26; 0530-0830 or 1700-2000 BELT. -- Location: Minnesota; Dakota Co., viouslydiscovered nests of the Mallard and hours. Total man-hours: 57. Census: Rufous- Umv of Minn. RosemountAgricultural Exper- CanadaGoose were flooded out by May 14, of sided Towhee, 14 (76, 31): Broad-tailed Hum- iment Station, SwineSheep Section, 0.4 mi S a blackbirdby May 26. By the latter date no mingbird,9 (49, 20); ScrubJay, 3 (16, 7); Am of CountyRoad 42; 44ø44'N,93ø05'W, Coates catbirds, Corn. Yellowthroats, Yellow- Robin,3; HouseSparrow, 2; Gray Flycatcher, Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: breasted Chats, meadowlarks, Lazuli Bunt- 1; White-breastedNuthatch, 1; SolitaryVireo, 0 21 ha = 0.515 acres (10.3 X 202.2 m, meas- ings, or Song Sparrowsremained (only the I; Black-headedGrosbeak. 1. Total: 9 spe- ured) Descriptionof Plot: The belt runs in an meadowlarkand sparrowhad been present cies; 35 territorial males (190/km 2, 77/100 E-W direction; mowed once between rows. longenough to establishnesting territories by acres).Visitors: Com. Crow, W. Bluebird, W. Row 1, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugataxlfolia), censusstandards). An apparent subsequent Tanager, House Finch. Remarks: On 3 occa- averageheight 7 ft, density 148/acre; row 2, impact of the floodingwas the attraction of sionslarge flocks of Com.Crows (up to 17) Norway Spruce(Picea abies), 8 ft, 171/acre; cormorants;from 20 to 110 usedthe grovefor wereobserved visiting the area. There was a row 3, White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis),6 ft, roosting,and nestedfor the first time (unsuc- marked absence ofRufous-sided Towhees and 163/acre. Dominant understorygrowth con- cessfully).The number of nesting herons Broad-tailed Hummingbirds in the meadow sists of grasses;ground cover 89%; canopy increasedagain, but by the lowestproportion area.The plot is part of a naturetrail that was cover 1%. Edge: Bordered on the N by an in the 9 yearsof the study.About July I the newlyestablished after erosionclaimed the old alfalfa field, on the E by a paved secondary ColoradoParks Department opened the lake one.The newtrail andpart of the old wereused road, and on the S and the W by farm build- to boats.Although off-limits, the grovereceived to censusthe area. The area is frequentedby lnes and mowed lawns. Topography: Flat; almost constant daytime boat traffic, the horse-backriders and hikers; however,other elevation 953 ft. Weather: See Census 111. occupantsfishing or sightseeing.By July 1 peoplewere observedon only two occasions. Coverage:Apr. 26-27; May 3, 13, 16, 18, 23-25; most heronshad youngin the nestsso that the -- ERICK JACKSON and SItERRENE ST. June 1, 4-5, 8, 11-12; July 10-12; 0530-1230. boatsprobably had only a limitedeffect upon lIELENS, 895 Westmoreland, Colorado Total man-hours: 5. Census: Am. Robin, 3 them. The cormorants flushed whenever boats Springs, Colo. 80907. (1439, 583); Com. Grackle, 3; ChippingSpar- came to within 75 ft of their roostsites; the sit- row, + Total: 3 species;6 territorial malesor ting birds flushed with them frequently 120. DECIDUOUS OAK WOODLAND. females (2878/km 2, 1165/100 acres). Visitors: enoughto probablycause nest abandonment. -- Location: California; Monterey Co., Ring-neckedPheasant, Barn Swallow,Brown The 8 Tree Swallowpairs represent a signif- HastingsReservation, 2.5 mi E of Jamesburg; Thrasher, Starling, House Sparrow, W. icant increase. Grackles (17) built nests in the 36ø23'N,121ø33'W, Rana Creek Quadrangle, Meadowlark, Red-wingedBlackbird, Brown- shelter of heron nests. The debris of fallen USGS. Continuity: Established 1978. Size: headedCowbird, Savannah Sparrow. Remarks: trees,which congregated in the groveduring '•..6•-• = 14acres. Description of Plot: See Nestslocated (8): Am. Robin, 3; Com. Grac- thefirst 2 monthsof flooding,provided a good AB 33:82-83 (1979). Weather: The rainfall kle, 4, Chipping Sparrow, 1.--RICHARD H. feedingground. We found 147 nests,includ- wasnormal during the winter of 1978-79with YAHNER, Dept. of Ent., Fisheriesand Wild- ing 71 herons,20 grackles,14 Starlings,9 21.1 in. (mean 20.2 in.). April was slightly hfe, Umv. of Minn., St. Paul, Minn. 55108. wrens, 7 swallows,6 orioles, 5 cormorants,4 cooler (mean temperature 50.4øF) than the magpies, 3 robins, and I each of Mallard, meanfor the last40 years(51.8øF). Precipita- 118. FLOODPLAIN COTTONWOOD goose,kestrel, owl, Downy Woodpecker, flick- tion was0.74 in. for Apr. and 0.44 in. for May FOREST. --Location: Colorado; Jefferson er, kingbird, and blackbird.The cooperation comparedwith a meanfor the last 10 yearsof Co, about 10 mi SW of Denver; NE/4, Sec. of Park SuperintendentGene Schmidt and 1.57 in. for Apr. and 0.26 in. for May. Cover- 14, T6S, R69W, 6th P.M.; 39ø32'N, 105ø5'W, his staff hasbeen terrific,both in supportof age: Apr. 21, 27; May 10, 20, 26, 28-29, 31; Littleton Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: the study and in providingaccess and boat June 10; 0500-0845, PST. Total man-hours: Established1971; 9 consecutiveyears. Size: storage.--FRANK and JAN JUSTICE, URL- 12. Census:Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 3 (53, 21); 9 7 ha = acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 25: ING and HUGH KINGERY (compiler),869 Dark-eyedJunco, 2.5; Plain Titmouse,2; W. 966 (1971).Weather: May and Juneprecipita- Milwaukee St., Denver, Colo. 80206. Bluebird,1.5; ChippingSparrow, 1.5; Ash- tion of 5.92 in. was 30% abovenormal; Apr. throatedFlycdtcher, 1; ScrubJay, 1; Mour- was 73% and July 45% of normal. A few wet 119. GAMBEL'S OAK - MOUNTAIN ning Dove, 0.5; Anna's Hummingbird,0.5; snowstormsoccurred in May and June.Cover- MAHOGANY WOODLAND. -- Location: White-breastedNuthatch, 0.5; Barn Owl, +. age: Feb. 24; Mar. 10; Apr. 6, 21, 28; May 5, Colorado;El PasoCounty, T14S, R67W, S-E Total: 11 species; 14 territorial males or 14, 19, 26; June 2, 10; July 4, 7, 16, 21, 23; corner of Sec. 16 and N-E corner of Sect. 21, females (247/km2, 100/100 acres). Visitors: Aug 1, 22; 0715-2030 hours. Total man- off the Gold CampRoad; 38ø49'N, 104ø53'W, Black-chinnedHummingbird, Com. Flicker, hours 39. Trips throughMay 14 by foot; from Manitou Springs Quadrangle (7.5 min), Acorn Woodpecker,Hairy Woodpecker,W.
Volume34, Number 1 73 Flycatcher, W Wood Pewee, Violet-green campswithin the censusarea They contribute surveyed)Description of Plot: The dominant Swallow,Yellow-billed Magpie, Com Crow, much litter to the area around their camps, vegetationis comprisedof denseclumps of •Bewick'sWren, Am. Robin, Hutton's Vireo, but appearto havelittle overalleffect on the Scrub Oak (Quercusgambelli) borderedby Warbling Vireo, Brown-headedCowbird, N. plot. -- KENNETH L. WEAVER, 1339 open stands of PonderosaPine (Pinuspon- Oriole, Black-headed Grosbeak, Lazuli Bun- TaylorPl., Escondido,Calif 9202Z derosa). Prominent shrubs are Mountain ting, Purple Finch, LesserGoldfinch, Brown Mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) and Towhee. Remarks: Nests found: Plain Tit- 122. OPEN ASPEN GROVE-SCAT- Skunkbrush(Rhus trilobata). The ground mouse, 1; W. Bluebird, 1. --PAMELA L. TERED CONIFERS. --Location: Colorado; coverincludes Pasture Sagebrush (Artemesta WILLIAMS, Hastings Reservation, Univ. of LarimerCo., RockyMountain Nat'l Park, NE frigida), Prickly-pear Cactus (Opuntia com- Calif., Star Route Box 80, Carmel Valley, ¬, Sec. 31, T5N, R73W; 40ø22'N, 105ø37'W, pressa),and Blue Grama (Boutelouagracths) Calif 93924. Long'sPeak Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: This vegetationtype is not conduciveto con- Established1976; 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 14 ventional quanitative survey methods, so 121. SYCAMORE-COAST LIVE ha = 34.6 acres.Deserlption of Plot: SeeAB analysiswas accomplishedthrough the use of OAK-RIPARIAN WOODLAND. -- 31:72-3 (1977).Weather: Windy, wet spring; several 100 m transects and an aerial Location: California; San Diego Co., Kit Car- waterin area throughJuly. Coverage: May 28; photograph.40% of the plot is openwith a son Park in Escondido;33ø0S'N, 117ø03'W, June 2, 16, 30; July 1, 7; 0530-1100. Total well-developedherbaceous layer, 26% is com- Escondido Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: man-hours: 30. Census:House Wren, 13 (93, prisedof shrub, 24ø7ois coveredby Scrub Oak New. Size: 6.1S ha = 1S.2 acres (canyon 38); Tree Swallow, 11 (79, 32); Warbling and 10% is PonderosaPine. Edge: Bordered slopes,300 X 2200 ft; as measuredon aerial Vireo, 4 (29, 12); Dusky Flycatcher,3 (21, 9); to the N, S and W by similarvegetation. The E map, scale 1:2400). Description of Plot: Mountain Chickadee,3; PygmyNuthatch, 3; edgehas a lowerproportion of PonderosaPine Riparian woodlandlining a narrow canyon. Am. Robin, 3; Williamson's Sapsucker,2.5; and a higherproportion of grass.Topography: South-flowingstream bisecting plot has run Broad-tailed Hummingbird, 2; W. Wood A box canyonthat broadensto an openvalley continuouslysince December 1977. Dominant Pewee, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Moun- on the E edge.The slopesof the canyonare canopytrees are CoastLive Oak (Quercus tain Bluebird, 2; Cassin'sFinch, 2; Chipping rocky, floor is flat with 4 ft wide ravine that agrifolia)and CaliforniaSycamore (Platanus Sparrow, 2; Lincoln's Sparrow, 2; Brown- carrieswater after heavyrain. Elevation: 6200 racemosa).Understory consists of young oaks headed Cowbird, 1.5; W. Tanager, 1.5; ft. Weather: Cool and wet until mid-June, in- and Poison Oak (Toxicodendron diver- Green-tailedTowhee, 1.5; Gray-headedJun- cluding3 snowstormsthat droppedat leastan silobum); California Manroot (Marah co, 1.5; Corn.Flicker, 1; Yellow-belliedSap- inch of snow; warm and dry thereafter fabaceus), Ripgut Brome (Bromusrigidus), sucker (Red-naped race), 1; Hairy Wood- Coverage:Apr. 21, 23-24; May 1, 4, 7, 11, 13- and Bedstraw(Galium aparine) are the most pecker, 1; Olive-sidedFlycatcher, 1; Town- 1S,2S, 29; June2, 4, 6, 10-11, 19, 2S, 28; 0S30- prominent speciescomprising the ground send's Solitaire, 1; Goshawk, 0.5; Yellow- 0900 and 16S0-•800. Total man-hours 3S cover.A quantitativesurvey of the vegetation rumpedWarbler, 0.5; PygmyOwl, +; Downy Census: Black-billed Magpie, 4 (SO, 20), gave the following results: Trees 3-in. Woodpecker, +; Steller's Jay, +; Brown Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4; ScrubJay, 3 (38, IS), diameter and over based on five 0.1 acre cir- Creeper, +; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, +; Black-cappedChickadee, 3; Virginia's War- cularsamples, 142/acre; total basalarea 143.3 EveningGrosbeak, +; Pine Siskin, +. Total: bler, 3; Mourning Dove, 2; Am. Robin, 2, ft:/acre. Speciescomprising 100% of the total 33 species;68.5 territorial males (489/km:, Rock Wren, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Brown- number of trees: Coast Live Oak, 102, 79, 71, 198/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found: 38. headed Cowbird, 1. Total: 10 species,24 100; Calif. Sycamore,18, 13, 22, 40; dead Bestnesting year; lush vegetationand abun- territorial males (301/km 2, 122/100 acres) trees,12, 8, 7, 80. Treesby diametersize class: dant water. Nat'l Audubon Soc. con- Visitors: Red-tailed Hawk, Corn. Fhcker, A (3-6 in.) 48, 34, 17.2, 12; B (6-9 in.) 18, 13, ventioneershelped locate nests. --PAULA L. Hairy Woodpecker,White-breasted Nuthat- 11, 8; C (9-15 in.) 12, 8, 10.3, 7; D (15-21 in.) HANSLEY, 750 S. 41st, Boulder, Colo. 80303. ch, Starling,W. Meadowlark,W. Tanager, 16, 11, 18.4, 13 E (21-27 in.) 22, 15, 30.6, 21; F Black-headed Grosbeak, House Finch, (27-33 in.) 18, 13, 35, 24; G (33-40 in.) 6, 4, 123. PONDEROSA PINE-SCRUB (Green-backed) Lesser Goldfinch. Remarks: 14.8, 10; H (41-46 in.) 2, 1, 6, 4. Shrub OAK-MT. MAHOGANY WOODLAND -- The severityof the springweather hampered stems/acre,1080; groundcover 60%; canopy Location: Colorado,Douglas Co., 1 mi E of the onset of the breeding season.Flocks of cover 85%; average canopy height 50 ft Franktown, on Highway #86; 39ø20'N, ScrubJays, Black-billed Magpies and robins (estimated).Edge: Borderedon the E and W 104ø40'W, Elizabeth Quadrangle, USGS. were prevalentby the end of June. Special by disturbedcoastal sage, citrus groves,and Continuity: Established1968; 12 consecutive thanks to Chuck Warner for assistance in sur- residential areas; on the N and S by con- years.Size: 9.09 ha = 20 acres.Coverage: June veying the plot. --NANCY WARNER, 23 tiguous riparian woodland. Topography: 5, 11, 20, 29; July 8, 17, 28; Aug. 7, 16, 23; CragmotVillage Rd., ColoradoSprings, Colo Shallow canyon,slope is steeperon the W. 0800-2030 hrs. Total man-hours: 60. Census: 80907. Elevation: 460-560 ft. Weather: Typical for W. Bluebird, 13 (161, 65); Broad-tailed Hum- season-- overcastmornings, clear afternoons. mingbird, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2 125. DOUGLAS-FIR-MADRONE-TAN- Coverage:Apr. 21, 28; May 5, 12, 19, 26; June (female); Black-headed Grosbeak, 2; House BARK OAK FOREST. -- Location:Oregon, 2, 9; 0500-1000, PST. Total man-hours: 13. Finch, 2; Lesser Goldfinch, 2; W. Wood JosephineCo., 3 mi E of I-S, at Exit 76 from Census: House Wren, 20 (325, 132); Rufous- Pewee, 1; Solitary Vireo, 1; W. Tanager, 1; Wolf Creek; 42ø41'N, 123ø20'W, Glendale sided Towhee, 10 (163, 66); Mourning Dove, Rufous-sidedTowhee, 1. Total: 10 species;27 Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 7.5 (122, 49); Brown Towhee,6.5 (106, 43); W. territorial males or females(334/km 2, 135/100 7.49 ha = 19.3 acres(rectangular, paced, with Flycatcher,6 (98, 39); Starling, 6; Black- acres).Visitors: Cooper'sHawk, Mourning compass,700 E-W X 1200ft N-S. Description chinned Hummingbird,5 females (81, 33); Dove, Rufous Hummingbird,Corn. Flicker, of Plot: Mixed evergreenforest setback in the Bushtit, 5; Black-headed Grosbeak, 5; Hairy Woodpecker, Steller's Jay, Scrub Jay, canyon known as Foley Gulch. Most of the Orange-crownedWarbler, 4 (65, 26); Scrub Corn. Crow, Black-cappedChickadee, Moun- plot is denselywooded second-growth, with a Jay, 3 (49, 20); Hutton's Vireo, 3; Corn. tain Chickadee,Pygmy Nuthatch, Am. Robin, few large seedtrees, many large stumpsand Flicker, 2; Acorn Woodpecker,2; Bewick's Yellow Warbler, Lark Sparrow, Chipping rottinglogs on ground;some small clearings, Wren, 2; Lesser Goldfinch, 2; Ash-throated Sparrow. Remarks: There were 14 nests in manystiff thicketsand tangles.The dominant Flycatcher,1.5; NuttaWsWoodpecker, 1; W. boxes used by Western Bluebirds (13) and canopy trees are Douglas-fir (Pseudot•uga Wood Pewee, 7; Plain Titmouse, 7; Wrentit, White-breasted Nuthatch (1). Survival rate menziesii), Madrone (Arbutus menziesii), and 7; Red-shoulderedHawk, +; Black Phoebe, +; was about normal. -- MILDRED 0. Tan-bark Oak (Lithocarpusdensifiora) A Mockingbird, +; California Thrasher, +. SNYDER, 161 Del Mar Circle, Aurora, Colo. small creek flows acrossthe plot for most of Total: 25 species;94.5 territorial.males and 80011. the year, but dries to small poolsin late sum- females (1536, 622). Visitors: California Quail, mer. A quantitative survey of vegetation, as Anna's Hummingbird, Corn. Crow, Swain- 124. SCRUB OAK-PONDEROSA PINE describedin AFN 24:727-737,(1970), gave the son'sThrush, Warbling Vireo, NashvilleWar- ASSOCIATION. --Location: Colorado; E1 followingdata, basedon 5 randomlycentered bler, Townsend's Warbler, Wilson's Warbler, Paso Co. 800 ft NE of Dwire Hall, Univ. of circles,0.1 acre in extent: Trees 3-in. diameter N. Oriole, Brown-headed Cowbird, W. Coloradocampus, Colorado Springs; 38ø52 'N, and over, 458/acre; total basal area 131.4 ft2/ Tanager, House Finch. Remarks: Illegal 104ø47W,Pikeview Quadrangle, USGS. Con- acre. Species comprising 9S% of the total aliens have established several temporary tinuity:New. Size:8 ha = 19.7 acres(polygon, numberof trees(figures after eachgive num-
74 AmericanBirds, January 1980 bet of trees/acre,relative density in %, relative NW¬, NW¬, Sec 21, T136N, R102W, 46 ø compass and tape) Description of Plot: dominance, frequency, m that order) 35'N, 103ø30'W, U S Forest Service, Little Mature PonderosaPine (Ptnus ponderosa) Douglas-fir,182, 40, 57, 100, Tan-bark, Oak MIssoum Nat'l Grasslandsmap. Continuity: stand forming canopy. Prominent shrubs are 122, 27, 12, 100; Madrone, 78, 17, 20, 80; New. Size: 20.25 ha = 50 acres (rectangular, CreepingJuniper (juniperus horizontalis) and Giant Chinquapin(Castanopsis chrysophylla), bordersdetermined by compassand measur- Buckbrush (Symphoricarposoccidentalis) 24, 5, 4, 60; California Black Oak (Quercus ing tape). Descriptionof Plot: Canopyalmost Major grassesand forbs are Little Bluestem kelloggii),20, 5, 2, 40. Treesby diametersize entirely mature PonderosaPine (Pinus pon- (•t•ndropogonscoparius), Side-oats Gramma class A (3-6 in.) 318, 70, 31.8, 24; B (6-9 in.) derosa). Prominent shrubs are: Buckbrush (Bouteloua curtipendula), Plains Muhly 62, 13 2, 18.6, 14; C (9-15 in.) 62, 13.2, 49.6, (Symphon'carposoccidentalis) and Creeping Juni- (Muhlenbergiacuspidata), Bluebunch Wheat 38, D (15-21 in.) 14, 3.3, 25.2, 19; E (21-27 in.) per (Juniperushorizontalis). Major grasses Grass(Agropyron spicatum), Big SandGrass 2, 1 3, 6.2, 5. Shrub stems/acre 30,600; are: Little Bluestem(Andropogon scoparius), (Calamovilfalongifolia), and Yellow Sweet groundcover (est.) 60%; canopycover (est.) Side-oatsGramma (Bouteloua curtt•endula), Big Clover(Melilotus officinalis). A quantitative 80%,average canopy height 71 ft (range35-100). Sandgrass(Calamovilfa longifolia), W. Wheat analysis of the area showed the following Besidestree sapling stems less than 3 in. Grass (Agropyron smithii), Plains Muhly Trees 3 in. diameter and over based on 30 diameter, shrub stems are of the following (Muhlenbergiacuspidata), Thread-leaved Sedge points from point-centermethod, 153.71/acre spemesHazelnut (Corylus cornuta), Ceanothus (Carex filifolia), Needle-and-thread (Stipa (379.67/ha); total basal area 383.46 ft2/acre spp, Blackberry(at least 3 Rubus spp.), comata), Red Three-awn(Aristida longiseta), Speciescomprising 100% of the total number Thimbleberry (R. parvifiorus), Red Bilberry and Bluebunch Wheat Grass (,4. spicatum). A of trees (trees/acre, relative density (%), (Vacctniumparvifiorum), Oregon Grape (Ber- quantitative analysisof the area showedthe relativedominance, and frequencyin that or- berts aquifolium), Mountain Oregon Grape following:Trees 3 in. diameter and overbased der): PonderosaPine 152.43, 99.2, 99.7, 100, (B nervosa), Dogwood (Cornus nuttalli), on 30 points from the point-centermethod, Green Ash (Fraxinuspennsylvanica) 1.28, OceanSpray (Holodiscus discolor). Edge: Bor- 105.64 trees/acre (260.93/ha); total basal area 0.08, 0.03, 3.3. Trees by diameter size class deredon all sidesby similar forest,some of it 50.8 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 100% of the (trees/acre,relative density(%), basal area in near a blockof uncut tbrest.Topography: The total number of trees (trees/acre, relative den- squareft/acre, and relativedominance in that centerof plot, a formerlog-landing, is flattish, sity(%), relativedominance, and frequencyin order): A (3-6 in.) 61.5, 40, 7.5, 4.3; B (6.1-9 but all 4 corners slope upward, steeply in that order): Ponderosa Pine, 100.36, 95, 97.5, in.) 46.1, 30, 13.8, 10.6; C (9.1-15 in.) 42.3, places,in SW-facingcanyon, with skid trails 100: Green Ash OVraxinuspennsylvanica), 44, 27.5, 31.8, 26.6; D (15.1-21 in.) 3.8, 2.5, 6.3, as main access.Elevation-' Ca. 1700 ft going 4, 2.34, 13.3; Rocky Mountain Red Cedar 58.6. Ground cover 25%. Grassescomprise up to about 2000 ft. Weather: Cloudy and (Juniperus scopulorum), 0.88, 1, 0.15, 3.3. 35% of cover, forbs 5%, and shrubs 60% cool Coverage:Apr. 8, 26: May 15; June6, 8, Trees by diameter size class (trees/acre, rel- Canopycover about 50%; canopyheight 20-40 15, 20, 24; 0440-0730. Total man-hours: 16. ative density (%), basal area in square/acre, ft, averageheight about 30 ft. Edge: Bordered Census: Nashville Warbler, 9 (115, 47); and relative dominance in that order): A (3-6 on NE and SE sidesby pine-to-prairietran- Black-headedGrosbeak, 7.5 (96, 39); Orange- in.) 35.2, 33.3, 4.9, 2.3; B (6.1-9 in.) 30, 28.3, sition. Bordered on NW and SW sides by crowned Warbler, 6 (77, 31): Steller's Jay, 5 10.2, 5.6: C (9.1-15 in.) 37, 35, 28.2, 12.7; D similar PonderosaPine habitat. Topography: (64, 26); Chestnut-backedChickadee, 5; Mac- (15.1-21 in.) 2.6, 2.5. 5.1, 32.2; E (21.1-27 in.) Seriesof high pine-coveredridges and slopes Gfihvray'sWarbler, 5; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 0.9, 0.8, 2.5, 47.2. Ground cover 30%. Grasses Moderate to steep slopesinto NW draining 4 5 (58, 23); Dark-eyed Junco,3 (38, 16): Her- comprise75% of cover,forbs 5%, and shrubs draws. Rock outcrops frequent on area mit Thrush, 2.5; Rufous Hummingbird, 2; 20%. Canopy cover about 35%. Canopy 20-50 Weather: Fairly dry throughoutperiod. Skies Busht:t,2; Olive-sidedFlycatcher, 1.5; Purple ft, averageheight about 40 ft. Edge: Bordered mostlypartly cloudy.No precipitationduring Finch, 1.5; Com. Flicker, 1; HuttoWs Vireo, 1; on S by a pine-to-openprairie transition; on any census.Temperatures 35-85øF. Coverage: Pygmy Owl, 0.5; Pileated Woodpecker,+. other 3 sidesby similar habitat. Topography: June 9, 13-19; between dawn and 1100 and Total: 17 species;57 territorial males or Series of pine covered ridges and slopes. 2050-2140. Total man-hours: 12.42. Census: females (730/km 2, 295/100 acres). Visitors: Ridges moderately to steeply sloping into ChippingSparrow, 3.5 (86, 35); Rufous-sided All of which breed in adjoining woodland: drawsbetween ridges. Elevation2550-2600 ft. Towbee, 2.5; Corn. Nighthawk, +. Total: 3 Cooper'sHawk, Ruffed Grouse,Mountain Rocky outcrops frequent on area. Weather: species; 6 territorial males or females Quaff, Great Horned Owl, N. Spotted Owl, Fairly dry throughout,except for high winds (148/km2, 60/100 acres).Visitors: Mourning Yellow-belliedSapsucker, W. Flycatcher,W. and heavyrainfall the night of June 18-19. No Dove, Great Horned Owl, Poor-will, Corn. Wood Pewee, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Brown rain during any census. Coverage: June 9, Flicker, Black-billed Magpie, Black-and- Creeper,Am. Robin, Golden-crownedKing- 12-20:0355-1010 and 2000-2155. Total man- white Warbler, Yellow-rumpedWarbler, W. let, Hermit Warbler, W. Tanager. Remarks: hours:41. Census:Chipping Sparrow, 18 (89, Meadowlark.Remarks: Turkey scat were seen AlthoughNashville Warblers nested plentifully, 36); Ovenbird, 12 (59, 24): Rufous-sidedTow- on the area frequently. Thanks to Farton their attempts appeared to have suffered hee, 6.5 (32, 13): Black-and-white Warbler, 5 Wallace for assistancein censusing.--JA Y muchpredation. The shrubs,now being shaded (25, 10); Black-cappedChickadee, 4 (20. 8): CASSEL, J. FRANK CASSEL, and J. M. out from skid trails and openings,are mostly Com. Yellowthroat,3 (15, 6); Yellow-rumped WIEItE, Zoology Dept., N.D. State l:niv., berryand nut producers.Some of the species Warbler, 2.5: Mourning Dove, 1.5; Marsh Fargo, N.D. 58105. listed as visitors,particularly Ruffed Grouse, Hawk, 1; Com. Crow, +. Total: 10 species: Mountain Quail, Yelllow-bellied Spasucker, 53.5 territorial males and females (264/km 2, 128. PINYON-JUNIPER-PONDEROSA W Flycatcher,W. Wood Pewee,and Hermit 107/100 acres). Visitors: Merlin, Turkey, PINE ECOTONE. -- Location: New Mexico, Warbler, maywell havehad breedingterritory Great Horned Owl, Poor-will, Com. Night- McKinley Co., CottonwoodGulch, 7 mi S of partly on the plot; it wastoo difficult to tell. hawk, Corn. Flicker, House Wren, Am. Robin, Thoreau; SE¬, Sec. 34, T13N, R13W; 35ø Cooper'sHawk, Am. Robin, Scrub Jay were Mountain Bluebird, W. Meadowlark, Red 19'N, 108ø12'W,Pine CanyonQuadrangle, each presenton severaloccasions, in mid- Crossbill. Remarks: Nest found: Marsh USGS. Continuity: Established 1977; 3 con- season,but couldnot conclusivelybe linked to Hawk, 1. A femaleTurkey attackedone of us, secutive years. Size: 15 ha = 36.9 acres a territory. Wilson'sWarblers were a surprise; but no nest or youngcould be located. Several Description of Plot: See AB 33:85 (1979) usuallyonly migrantshere, they were repeat- young of the year were observedwith their Weather: SeeCensus 132. Coverage: Apr. 18, edly found in early to mid-June-- probably parents,especially Chipping Sparrows. Farron 29-30: May 11-13, 24, 26: June 4, 11; July 3, non-breedingvagrants. Hutton's Vireos may Wallace and Greg Hiemenzhelped lay out the 17; 0400-2400, MST. Total man-hours: 20 haveoccupied more territories than recorded, area. -- J. FRANK CASSEL, JAY CASSEL, Census:Violet-green Swallow, 5 (33, 14):Gray astheir songperiod is mainlyduring Mar. and andJ. M. WIEItE, Z•ologyDept., N.D. State Flycatcher,4.5 (30, 12); W. Bluebird, 4 (27, Apr then again, post-breeding,in late June bniv., Fargo, N.D. 58105. 11):Com. Flicker, 1; Ash-throatedFlycatcher, and July. Specialthanks to Jan Burnham and 1; Mountain Chickadee, 1: White-breasted Boyd Peters for their assistance. -- 127. PONDEROSA PINE II. -- Location: Nuthatch, 1; Pygmy Nuthatch, 1; Solitary ELEANOR A. PUGH, Lichen, 3050 Coyote North Dakota; Slope Co., 9.5 mi NW, Vireo, 1: Brown-headedCowbird, 1: Chipping Creek Road, Wolf Creek, Orc. 9749Z Amidon; NEV4, SW%, Sec. 14, T136N, Sparrow, 1: W. Tanager, 0.5; Com. Night- R102W; 46ø35'N, 103•28'W, Rocky Ridge hawk, +; Hairy Woodpecker,+; Steller'sJay, 126. PONDEROSA PINE I. -- Location: Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: +. Total: 15 species:22 territorial males or North Dakota; SlopeCo., 11 mi NW Amidon, 4.05 ha = 10 acres (square, measuredwith females (147/km 2, 60/100 acres). Visitors:
Volume34, Number 1 75 Goshawk, Broad-tailed Hummingbird, Scrub runs N. Rockyoutcrops also occur just off the sus: Chipping Sparrow, 12 (37, 15); White- Jay,Corn. Raven. Pition Jay, Plain Titmouse. E boundary. A seldom used road overgrown crowned Sparrow. 6 (19. 8): Ruby-crowned Grace's Warbler, Black-beaded Grosbeak. with vegetationruns N-S on the E side.The Kinglet, 4 (12. S); Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 3; Remarks: Nests found: Corn. Flicker, 2; Ash- area is grazedby cattleeach year beginning Cassin'sFinch, 3; Fox Sparrow. 3; Lincoln's throatedFlycatcher. White-breasted Nuthatch. about the last week in June. Elevation: 4280- Sparrow, 3; Mountain Bluebird. 2; Mountain I each. Total populationdensity was 54ø70 of 4480 It. Weather: Temperatures 3-12øC. No Chickadee, 1; Am. Robin. 1; Varied Thrush, 1978s.Especially hard hit. presumablyby the precipitation occurred during observation I. Total: I 1 species;39 territorial males(120/ severe winter. were small resident insectivores, periods;there waslight to no wind. Coverage: km•. 49/100 acres).Visitors: Spotted Sand- the Parids and Sittids. This appearedto be a May I I, 19-20.26; June2-3, 9, 16, 30; 0545- piper. Corn. Flicker. Steller'sJay. Clark's Nut- regionalphenomenon. W. Bluebirdshad a 0930. Total man-hours: 22.5. Census: Vesper cracker, Pine Siskin. Red Crossbill, Dark- productivebreeding season. -- D. ARCIt- Sparrow.5 (25, 10);Rufous-sided Towhee. 4.5 eyed Junco: Remarks: Nests located: Moun- IBALD McCALLL M. Cottonwood Gulch (23. 9): Chipping Sparrow. 4 (20. 8); W. tain Bluebird,1; ChippingSparrow. 1; White- Foundation. Box 969. Thoreau, N.M. 87,?2,?. Meadowlark. 3.5. (18. 7); Lark Sparrow. 1.5; crowned Sparrow, 1; Census continued to Gray Partridge. I; Mourning Dove. I; Corn. showa continuingdeeline in territorial males, 129. ROCKY MOUNTAIN JUNIPER - Flicker 1; Black-billed Magpie. 1; Rock but is holdingat the same 11 speciesas found LIMBER PINE - GRASSLAND. -- Location: Wren. I; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Mountain in 1978. Spotted Sandpipersmissed breeding Montana; JeffersonCo.; 9 mi W of Three Bluebird.+. Total: 12 species;23.5 territorial for the secondtime in 7 years.I am grateful to Forkson MilliganCanyon Rd.; 45ø45'N,I 11• males or females (I 18/km 2. 48/100 acres). Vis- the Malheur Nat'l Forest for their coopera- 30'15". RIW, T2N. See 36. Three Forks itors: Turkey Vulture. Am. Kestrel, Great tion. -- ROBERTA. HInDSON. P.O. Box 81, Quadrangle.USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 20 Horned Owl. Pition Jay, Clark's Nutcracker. Bates. Ore. 9781Z ha = 49.4 acres(rectangular. 400 x 500 m. Mountain Chickadee. Am. Robin. Starling. measured).Description of Plot: Severalnar- Green-tailed Towhee. Remarks: Nests located 131. GHOST TOWN, ORCHARDS AND row. steepsided conlees separated by broad. (3): Corn. Flicker. Black-billed Magpie and PASTURES. --Location: Utah, Washington flat top ridges.The couleesdrain from the NE Lark Sparrow. Thanks to the Steingruber Co.. old Grafton townsite; 37øI(YN, 113ø5'W; into a main drainageon the W edge.This familiesfor allowingaccess to the property.-- SE'A & E•A of SW% of NW'A, See. 3, T425, ephemeraltributary draining S into Milligan RONALD F. LANG. and DANIEL SI•'L- RI IW, Salt Lake B&M; Zion Nat'l Park topo- CanyonCreek is dry exceptbriefly during LIVAN (compiler).RR 2. Box 185. Manhat- graphic map (Zion Canyon Section);USGS. springsnow melt and duringintense summer tan. Mont. 59741. Size: 24.28 ha = 60 acres (rectangular.440 thunderstorms.Rocky MountainJuniper (luni- yards N-S X 660 yards; surveyed& fenced). perusscopulorum) and Limber Pine (Pinus 130. SCATTERED MIXED CONIFER- Confinery: New. Descriptionof Plot: Irrigated flexiIls)grow along the couleeand creek bot- OUS FOREST IN SUBALPINE MEADOWS farmlandwith unoccupiedhomes. barns and a toms.Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) is also AND SPRUCE BOGS. -- Location: Oregon; church; some buildings are falling down. foundalong the drainagebottoms. The ridges Grant Co., Bates, '/4 mile E of Indifin Rock Riparian woodlandalong the Virgin River at aredry grassland habitat consisting in partof Lookout; 44ø45'N. 118ø45'W, Desolation the N edgecovers 3.8 acres.The pasturesorig- Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis). Needle- Butte Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Estab- inally coveredabout 35 acres, but one-third of and-thread(Stipa comata). W. Wheat Grass lished 1973; 7 consecutiveyears. Size: 32.38 this has revertedto annual grasses.Orchard (Agropyronsmithii) and Brome(Bromus sp.). ha = 80 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 27: Grass(Dact. vlis glomerata). Alfalfa (Medicago The grassesextend into the creekand coulee 1002-1003 (1973). Weather: Temperatures satira), White Dutch Clover (Trifolium repens) bottomsalthough the steeperslopes. partic- 32ø-64øF;clear on 6 censusesand cloudy on 4. and Red Clover (T. pratense) are the main ularlythose facing S and W, are poorlyveg- Rain amountedto 0.61 in. during period. Fall pasture crops; one pasture has naturalized etated. Limber Pine, 43%, average3-7 m tall and winter precipitationwas below normal Kentucky Blue Grass (Poa pratensis). The with a maximum of 12 m. Juniper, 55%, aver- but spring was above normal with record- most common weeds are Buckhorn Plantain age2-4 m tall witha maximumof 6 m. Dead breakingcold during winter. resultingin a (Plantago lanceolata) and Poison Milkweed snags,2%, were too small to providesignif- largesnow pack in the censusarea until it all (Asclepiassubverticillata). Orchards, totaling icant habitat for cavity nesters. Rocky out- melted by July I. Coverage:June 16. 20. 25. 10.65 acres. are: Apple (Malus aylvestris).7 cropsoccur in the NW cornerand become 30: July 2-3. S. 7, 9. 14; 0SI8-0820 and 1735- acres; Pecan (Ca.rvaillinoensis). 2.25; Peach larger and more ruggedas the creek bottom 1920 hours. PDST. Total man-hours: 22. Cen- (Prunuspersica), 1.4. Scattered fruit trees are Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), Almond (P. amygdalus), White Mulberry (Morus alba) and EnglishWalnut (Juglansregia). All fruit trees are mature; the peach orchard is dying for lack of water. with about half of the trees dead. The orchards are planted to the same ground cover as the pastures.The riparian woodland has Fremont Cottonwood(Populus fremontii), Velvet Ash (Fraxinus velutina). RussianOlive (Elaeagnusangustifolia), Siber- ian Elm (Ulmus pumila) and Tamarix (T. pen- tandra). Eight acresabove the irrigation canal are not cultivated and covered by Russian Thistle (Salsola kali). Foxtail Barley {Itor- deum]ubatum), Cheat Grass(Bromus tectorum and Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata). Topography: Gradual slope to the N toward the Virgin River. The SE corner has a low knoll. Elevation: 3650-3750 ft. Edge: Bor- dered on the E and W by similar farmland: the Virgin River runs just N of the plot, and a talusslope capped by a 300-ft cliff bordersthe S edge. Weather: Above average winter and springstorms continued through May 26. but there was no rain after that date. Coverage: May 13, 20, 28; June 7, 10, 18, 21, 24: July 1. 7, 15; 0545-0950, MDT. Total man-hours: 27. Census:House Finch, 12 (49, 20); Am. Robin, 7 (29, 12); Starling, 6 (25, 10); N. Oriole, 6; Census129. Rocky Mountain Juniper-Limber Pine-GrasslancL Brown-beadedCowbird, 5 (21, 8); Phainopepla,
76 AmericanBirds, January 1980 4 5 (19, 8), Black-headedGrosbeak, 4 (16, 7), and Long-earedand Saw-whetOwls did not Jay, 9 (51, 21), N Oriole, 9, NuttaWs Wood- Rock Wren, 3 5 (14, 6), Say's Phoebe,3 (12, return tins year The two towheespecies again pecker,8 (45, 18), W Wood Pewee,7 (40, 16), 5), Blue Grosbeak, 3, Mourning Dove. 2, showed•nd•cat•ons that they are •nterspec•fic- DownyWoodpecker, 6 (34, 14), Am. Rob•n,6, hummingbird(Black-chinned or Costa's),2; ally territorial. A d and a 9 Am. Redstart Rufous-sidedTowhee, 5 (28, 11); California W K•ngbird,2; Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 2; werepresent from July5 until the end of Aug. Quail, 3 (17, 7); Starling,3; Yellow-breasted Bew:ck'sWren, 2; Lucy's Warbler, 2; Yellow I appreciatethe help of Mark Hart, Rankine Chat, 3; Brown-headedCowbird, 3; Brown Warbler, 2; W. Meadowlark, 2; LesserGold- Forrester, Brian Malcolm, and Tim Lord with Towhee, 3; Anna's Hummingbird, 2; Ash- finch, 2, Black-throatedSparrow, 2; Am. Kes- bandingand censusing.--D. ARCHIBALD throated Flycatcher,2; Black Phoebe,2; Tree trel, 1, SpottedSandpiper, 1; Com.Flicker, 1; McCALLUM. Cottonwood Gulch Founda- Swallow, 2; Plain Titmouse, 2; White- Black Phoebe,1; W. Wood Pewee,1; Rough- tion, Box 969, Thoreau, N.M. 87323. breastedNuthatch, 2; House Finch, 2; Wood winged Swallow, 1; Mockingbird, 1; Bell's Duck, 1; Red-shoulderedHawk, 1; Mourning V:reo, 1, HouseSparrow, 1; SongSparrow, 1; 133. RIPARIAN WOODLAND AND Dove, 1; Black-chinnedHummingbird, 1, Great Horned Owl, +; Com. Raven, +. Total: OAK SAVANNA. -- Location: California; Belted Kingfisher,1; Acorn Woodpecker,1, 32 species;84 territorial males and female MontereyCo., HastingsReservation, 2.5 mi E House Wren, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Lesser humm:ngbirds(346/km 2, 140/100acres). Vis- of Jamesburg;36ø23'N, 121ø33'W, Rana Goldfinch, 1; Great Blue Heron, +; Green itors: Turkey Vulture, Prairie Falcon, Gam- Creek Quadrangle USGS. Continuity: New. Heron, +; Turkey Vulture, +; Red-tailed bel's Quail, Killdeer, Violet-green Swallow, Size: 8.76 ha = 21.65 acres (2400 X 400 ft). Hawk,+; Am. Kestrel,+; Killdeer,+; Spotted Busht:t, Cation Wren, W. Bluebird, Cedar Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB: WB-PS 42, p. Sandpiper, +; Great Horned Owl, +; Cliff Waxw:ng, W. Tanager, Sage Sparrow. 35. An intermittent stream cuts through the Swallow,•+; Mockingbird, +. Total: 41 Remarks: All of the Am. Kestrel. Say's plot in a NE-SW direction, water is usually species; 133 territories (752/km2, 304/100 Phoebeand Starling nestswere found in the presentDecember through June. The narrow acres). Remarks: Nests found: Black-headed old, abandonedbuildings of the ghosttown. belt of riparian vegetationis bordered on Grosbeak, 8; Bushtit, 7; W. Wood Pewee, 3, There were no woodpeckers on our census, either sideby oak savanna.Weather: SeeCen- Am. Robin, 3; N. Oriole, 2; Red-shouldered w•ththe exceptionof the Com.Flicker. --J. L. sus 120. Coverage:Apr. 12, 14, 22, 29; May Hawk, 1; Anna's Hummingbird, 1; Downy CRAWFORD, JEROME L. GIFFORD, 11, 16, 29; June 2; 0445-0955, PST. Total Woodpecker,1; House Wren, 1. Fledgling LOLISE EXCELL, P.O. Box 10, Springdale, man-hours: 16. Census: House Wren, 6 (68, Brown-headedCowbirds were being fed by W [• tah 8476Z 28);Warbling Vireo, 3 (34, 14);W. Flycatcher, Wood Pewee and Black-headed Grosbeak 2.5: N. Oriole, 1.5; Anna's Hummingbird, 1; Specialthanks to Karen Cartier for help on 132. MIXED - MESOPHYTIC CANYON Nuttall's Woodpecker, 1; Plain Titmouse, 1; the surveys.-- STEPHEN A. LA YMON, 3290 BOTTOM. -- Location: New Mexico; Bushtit, 1; Am. Robin, 1; Starling, 1; Hut- Ackley Road, Lakeport. Calif. 95453. McKinley Co., CottonwoodGulch, 7 mi S of tows Vireo, 1; Yellow Warbler, 1; Black- Thoreau;Sec. 34, TI3N, R13W; 35ø19'N,108 ø headed Grosbeak, 1; House Finch, 1; Brown i35. SUBURBANNATURE CENTER. -- 1ZW, Pine CanyonQuadrangle, USGS. Con- Towbee, 1; Dark-eyed Junco, 1; Acorn Wood- Location: California; Los Angeles Co., El tinuity: Established 1959; 4 intermittent pecker,0.5; ScrubJay, 0.5; Purple Finch, 0.5; DoradoNature Center, Long Beach, bounded years Size:12.14 ha = 30 acres.Description of Rufous-sidedTowhee, 0.5; SongSparrow, 0.5; on the N by SpringSt., S by Willow St., E by a Plot: See AB 32:93 (1978). Weather: A cold California Quail, +; Com. Flicker, +; Hairy tree farm, W by the San Gabriel River. Con- andwet winter and springcontinued into mid- Woodpecker+: DownyWoodpecker, +; Stel- tlnuity: Established1976; 4 consecutiveyears. June,making the landscapeatypically green. ler's Jay, +; Bewick'sWren, +; W. Bluebird, Size: 34.4 ha = 85 acres.Description of Plot: Perhapsbecause of coldness,insect popula- +; Solitary Vireo, +; Orange-crownedWar- SeeAB 31:78 (1976)censuses no. 131 and 132; tions were not unusuallyhigh. The onsetof bler, +; Black-throated Gray Warbler, +, see also AB 25:656 (1971) census no. 39. the summer rainy seasonwas retarded, not Lesser Goldfinch, +: Lawrence's Goldfinch, Weather: Most days clear with some low cominguntil Aug. 7, but sufficientsoil mois- +; Chipping Sparrow. +. Total: 34 species; cloudinessin the mornings;mean daily tem- ture remainedto preventdessication of the 27.5 territorial males or females (314/km 2, 127 peraturein April 64øF(range 47ø-85•); in May sprmg growth of herbage. Coverage:Mar. /100 acres). Visitors: Cooper's Hawk, Red- 65.9ø (range 48ø-101ø);no rain during the 17-18, Apr. 16, 27; May 5, 10, 13, 23-24, 27; shoulderedHawk, Yellow-billedMagpie, Com. period.Coverage: Apr. 1, 4, 15, 18, 26; May 7, June2, 4, 9, 12, 25; July 1, 3, 4-6, 14-15, 22, Crow, White-breasted Nuthatch, Blue-gray 11, 14, 17, 24; 0530-0800. Total man-hours: 25, 0400-2400, MST. Total man-hours: 34. Gnatcatcher, Wilson's Warbler, Brewer's 40. Census:Mockingbird, 26.5 (77, 31); Song Census:Cliff Swallow,8 (66, 27); Violet-green Blackbird, W. Tanager. Remarks: Nests Sparrow,26 (76, 31); Anna'sHummingbird, Swallow, 7 (58, 23); Am. Robin, 6 (49, 20); found (12): House Wren, 3; N. Oriole, 2; Nut- 12 (35, 14); Starling,12; MourningDove, 9 DuskyFlycatcher, 5 (41, 17);W. WoodPewee, taws Woodpecker, 1; Acorn Woodpecker, 1; (26, 11);N. Oriole,9; LoggerheadShrike, 8.5 5, Lesser Goldfinch, 5; Broad-tailed Hum- Plain Titmouse, 1; Robin, 1; Starling, 1; Hut- (25, 10); Black-chinnedHummingbird, 6.5 mmgblrd,4 (33, 13); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4; ton's Vireo, 1; House Finch, 1. The plot (19, 8); SpottedDove, 6 (17, 7); HouseFinch, Grace's Warbler, 3 (25, 10); Green-tailed includedparts of the territoriesof 2 groupsof 6; Am. Coot, 4 (12, 5); Bushtit,4; Am. Robin, Towhee,3; PygmyNuthatch, 2; SolitaryVireo, Acorn Woodpeckers,one with 3 birds and one 4; ScrubJay, 3 (9, 4); Red-wingedBlackbird, 2, V•rgmia'sWarbler, 2; Black-headedGros- with 2 birds. --PAMELA L. WILLIAMS, 3; Brown-headedCowbird, 3; Lesser Gold- beak, 2, Mountain Chickadee, 1.5; Sharp- Itastings Reservation, Univ. of Calif., Star finch, 3; Mallard, 1; Black Phoebe, 1; Barn shinned Hawk, 1; Flammulated Owl, 1; Great Route Box 80, Carmel Valley, Calif 93924. Swallow,1. Total: 20 species;145.5 territorial Horned Owl, 1; W. Bluebird, 1; Brown- males or females (423/km •, 171/100 acres). headedCowbird, 1; W. Tanager, 1; Chipping 134. SEMI-DISTURBED RIPARIAN Visitors: Corn. Crow, Brazilian Cardinal. Sparrow, 1; Ash-throatedFlycatcher, +; WOODLAND. -- Location: California; Remarks: Nests found (35): Starling, 12; ScrubJay, +. Total: 24 species;66.5 territorial Tehama Co., on the W bank of the Sacramen- LoggerheadShrike, 5; Am. Robin, 4; Anna's males or females (548/km 2, 222/100 acres). to River, N edgeof Red Bluff, NWX/nof NWV4 Hummingbird, 3; Black-chinned Hum- Visitors:Mallard, Turkey Vulture, Red-tailed of Sec. 20, T27N, R3W; 40ø11'N, 122ø14'W, mingbird, 2; Bushtit, 2; N. Oriole, 2; Am. Hawk, Am. Kestrel, Com. Flicker, Hairy Red Bluff Quadrangle,USGS. Part of Dog Coot, 1; Black Phoebe,1; Barn Swallow,1; Woodpecker,Gray Flycatcher,Steller's Jay, Island and Samuel Ayer City Park. Con- Mockingbird1; Red-wingedBlackbird, 1.- Com Raven, Com. Crow, Pition Jay, Gray tinuity: New. Size: 17.7 ha = 43.7 acres. BARBARA W. MASSEY and DOROTItY D. Catbird, Am. Redstart, Brewer's Blackbird, Description of Plot: See AB 33:24-25. R YPKA, CSU Long Beach,Dept. of Biology, House Finch, Red Crossbill. Remarks: Nests Weather:Cool spring with evenly spaced rains LongBeach, Calif 90840. found (21): Cliff Swallow, 8; Violet-green until mid-Maywhen it suddenlyturned hot for Swallow, 5; Broad-tailed Hummingbird, 3; the rest of the month. Junewas again cooler 136. URBAN WOODLAND PARK. -- Mountain Chickadee, 2; Sharp-shinned than normal.The nestingseason was for the Location:California; Los AngelesCo., Long Hawk, Great Horned Owl, and Am. Robin, 1 most part without wind. Coverage:Mar. 14, Beach. Recreation Park, bordered by 7th each Total population densitywas 64% of 21, 28; Apr. 4, 9, 18, 25; May 2, 9, 17, 23, 30; Street and 10th Street on S and N, by Park 1978s, partially because of a presumably June 6, 13, 20, 27; July 4, 11, 18, 25; 0700- Avenueand a Municipal Golf CourseW and weather-induced crash of Parids and Sitfids. 1140, PDT. Total man-hours: 65. Census: E; bisected by Federation Drive, which ex- Two local Cliff Swallow colonies were not Black-headedGrosbeak, 24 (136, 55); Bushtit, tends from 10th to 7th Streets; 33ø47'N, occupied.Sapsuckers, Brewer's Blackbirds, 11 (62, 25); Bewick'sWren, 10 (57, 23); Scrub 118ø0ffW, Long Beach Quadrangle.USGS.
Volume 34, Number 1 77 Continuity:New Size:Approximately 13 5 ha brush occupyapprox 18% of the plot and a Roadrunner Remarks: Rough-w•nged = 33 5 acres (determinedfrom Long Beach few large (3 m) Bitter-brush(Purshta trtden- Swallowand SohtaryVtreo were newth•s year ParkDept. Survey Maps). Description of Plot: tata) occur in two of these Twenty-five ran- W Meadowlark, present m 1974, was not SeeAB 33:52-53(1979). A severewindstorm in dom pointsalong each of three 100 m tran- found. ARhough Black-throated Sparrows Marchof 1978,toppled a largenumber of the sectsserved as centersfor 4 quarters;distance jumped from 17 in 1974 to 28, the increase taller Blue Gum Eucalyptustrees. The L. B. to, ht, and diameter of the nearest woody probably reflects better coverageof the dry Park Dept. hasreplaced them with smaller plant in each quarterwas measured.Percent hillsides where they nest rather than an in- treesof the samevariety. Weather: Generally coveragewas: Big Sagebrush67.6, Bitter- creasein bird numbers.Hummingbirds drop- fair and warm with overcastmornings, and brush 8.2, Rabbit-brush(Chrysothamnus sp.) ped from 3 to 1. --JEROME L. GIFFORD, sunnyafternoons. Average temp. 65ø-75øF 1.9, remaining22.3 was coveredwith grasses P.O. Box 85, Springdale,Utah 84767. (highof 90+ø ) withlow humidity marked the and forbs as describedabove. Edge: Bounded periodof May 7-13. Coverage:Mar. 24-25; on E and W by similar habitat, frequencyof 139. PYGMY FOREST-CHAPARRAL. -- Apr. 7-8, 14-15, 28-29; May 12-13, 19-20. sagepatches decreases to E, increasesto W. Location: Utah, Kane Co., Zion Nat'l Park, Total of 12 trips,8 (0600-0900)and 4 (1500- Largeopen irrigation ditch about50 m S of East Entrance; 37ø14'N, 112ø52'3(Y'W,Zaon 1800). Total man-hours: 72. Census:Starling, plot with mixed agricultureS of ditch. Power Nat'l Park TopographicMap (Zion Canyon 29 (214, 87); MourningDove, 18 (133, 54); line along E edge, bare farmyard adjoinsNE Section) USGS. Size: 16.19 ha = 40 acres HouseSparrow, 14 (103, 42); House Finch, 13 corner.Topography: Gently rolling, slopesN Continuity: Established1977, 3 consecutive (96, 39); Anna'sHummingbird, 10 (74, 30); and S from low-lyingridge that runs through years. Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 32 96-97 SpottedDove, 6 (44,18); Com. Crow, 3 (22,9); middle of plot. Elevation:2600 ft. Weather: (1978).Weather: Dry, the onlyrain duringthe Am. Kestrel,1; ScrubJay, 1; Com. Flicker, +, Spring was colder and wetter than average, period comingon May 24. Coverage:May 22, Song Sparrow +. Total: 11 species;95 summerwas hotter and drier. Averageannual 30; June 2, 8, 16, 23, 30; July 7, 17, 22; 0545- territorial males (701/km2; 284/100 acres). rainfall at Caldwell, 8 mi S, is 9.7 in., of which 0905, MDT. Total man-hours: 21. Comus: Visitors: Rock Dove, Sharp-shinnedHawk. most falls from Nov. through Feb.; annual Black-throated Gray Warbler, S (31, 13), Remarks: This habitat appears to attract a averagetemperature 51øF. Coverage: Apr. 5-7, ChippingSparrow, S; MourningDove, 4 (25, numberof nestingbirds because of the high 20; May 17, 19. 23, 30-31; 0600-2100.Total 10); W. Bluebird, 4; Cassin's Finch, 4, densityof full-foliagedtrees, and ready ac- man-hours: 40. Census: W. Meadowlark, 23 Rufous-sidedTowbee, 4; Ash-throatedFlycat- cessibilityof food. The Canary Island Date (36, 14); Horned Lark, 18 (28, I1); Black- cher, 3 (19, 8); Plain Titmouse, 3; Busbrat,3, Palms seem to be a favorite nestingsite of billed Magpie, 4 (6, 3); Mallard, 1; Ring- Hairy Woodpecker,2; Cassin'sKingbird, 2, Starlings.It is suspectedthat the Anna's necked Pheasant, 1; Long-billed Curlew, 1; Steller's Jay, 2; Green-tailed Towbee, 2, Hummingbirdswere alreadyon their second Mourning Dove, 0.5; Short-caredOwl, 0.5. Broad-tailedHummingbird, 1; Say'sPhoebe, broodof the year as therewere a numberof Total: 8 species;49 territorial males,females 1; Gray Flycatcher, 1; Scrub Jay, 1; White- fledglingbirds arotmd, and several males were or pairs(76/km 2, 31/100 acres).Visitors: Marsh breastedNuthatch, 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, still fiercelyprotecting their territoriesagainst Hawk, Am. Kestrel, Gray Partridge, Killdeer, 1; Gray Vireo, 1; SolitaryVireo, 1. Total: 21 all intruders. Several dove nests were seen, but Mourning Dove, W. Kingbird, Starling, species;51 males and female hummingbird the contents not noted. The number of HouseSparrow, Lark Sparrow,Brewer's Spar- (315/km 2, 128/100 acres).Visitors: Red-tailed breedingStarlings found in the parkis rather row. Remarks: Most Mourning Doves and Hawk, White-throated Swift, Rufous Hum- disturbing,particularly since their numbers House Sparrows,all Starlings and W. King- mingbird, Violet-green Swallow. Remarks: haveincreased since the Winter Bird Surveyof birds wereseen on the powerline alongthe E Blue-gray Gnatcatcher was new this year 1978. It is not known how this increase is af- edge. Black-billed Magpies wander through- Black-headedGrosbeak, present last year, fectingother birds, but doesseem highly un- out area and do mostof their foragingoff' the was not found. Cassin'sFinch dropped from 6 favorableto native cavity-nesters,especially plot. All magpie nestingoccurred in scattered last year to 4, while Broad-tailed Hum- the Com. Flicker. -- R. DENISE and DAVID Bitter-brush within the relic stands of Big mingbird dropped from 3 to 1. Chipping L. LUCAS: 1021 Roswell Ave. #2; Long Sagebrush;4 nestsproduced 10 tledglings(3, Sparrowsincreased from 3 to 5. --JEROME Beach,Calif. 90804. 3, 2. and 2). Lark Sparrows and Brewer's L. GIFFORD, P.O. Box 85, Springdale,Utah Sparrows were associatedwith Sagebrush 84767. 137. SHORTGRASS UPLANDS - RELIC area. This censuswas done in conjunction SAGEBRUSH. -- Location: Idaho; Canyon with a studyof Long-billedCurlews sponsored 140. BLUE GRAMA - RABBITBRUSH Co., betweenBoise and PayetteRiver Valleys, by the BoiseDistrict Office, Bureau of Land GRASSLAND. -- Location: New Mexico, approx,23 mi W of Boiseand 5.5 mi N of Management. -- DONALD A. JENN[ and McKinley Co., CottonwoodGulch, 7 mi S of Middleton. E 1/2 of the E 1/2 of Sec 7, TSN, TItOMAS K. BICAK, College of Forest Thoreau; SW '/4, SW V4, Sec. 26, T13N, R2W, Emmett Quadrangle,USGS. 43ø4T Resources, Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. R13W; 3Sø19'N, 108ø11'W, Pine Canyon 30"N, 116ø3730"W. Continuity: New. Size: 98195. Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 64.8 ha = 160 acres.Description of Plot: Except 1977:.3 consecutiveyears. Size: 16.2 ha = 40 for a few relicplots of Big Sagebrush(Artem- 138. DESERT SHRUB. -- Location: Utah, acres. Description of Plot: See AB 32 96 tsia trMentata), this heavily grazed, rolling WashingtonCo., SW corner of Zion Nat'l (1978). Weather: See Census 132. Coverage: uplandis dominatedby relativelyshort peren- Park; 37ø10'3ff'N,113ø5'W; Zion Nat'l Park Mar. 17; Apr. 17, 26-29;May 10-11,25, 27-30, nial and annualgrasses and forbs that cover TopographicMap (Zion Canyon Section) June 1-3, 11-14, 17, 21, 29; July 1-9, 0S30- 82% of the area.Vegetation outside the sage- USGS. Continuity: Established1974, 2 in- 2000, MST. Total man-hours: 87. Census: brushareas was analyzed by measuringplants termittent years.Size: 64.75 ha = 160 acres. Vesper Sparrow, l l (68, 28); Brewer'sSpar- in 80 randomlyplaced 0.1 m2 frames.This Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB28:1044-45 (1974). row, 8 (49, 20); Horned Lark, 2; W. Meadow- spring50.8% of the vegetativecover was stand- Weather: Above averagewinter and spring lark, 2; Green-tailedTowbee, 2; Say'sPhoebe, ing dead,left from the unusuallylush 1978 stormscontinued through May 26, but there +. Total: 6 species;2S territorial males(154/ season.Percent cover (standing dead in paren- wasno rain afterthat date.Coverage: Apr. 15, km 2, 63/100 acres). Visitors: Red-rafted theses)was: Medusahead Wildrye •Elymus 22, 29; May 6, 13, 20-21, 27; June3, 9-10, 18- Hawk, Am. Kestrel, Killdeer, Mourning Dove, caput-medusae)20.1 (46.2), Cheat Grass (Bro- 19, 24-25; July 1-2; 0555-1245, MDT. Total Broad-tailed Hummingbird, W. Kingbird, mus rectorurn) 17.1 (4.9), unidentified stand- man-hours: 49.75. Census: Black-throated Cassin's Kingbird, Violet-green Swallow, ing dead (2.8), ClaspingPeppergrass (Lepid- Sparrow,28 (43, 18); Rock Wren, 5 (8, 3); Barn Swallow, Cliff' Swallow, Corn. Raven, mmperfoliatum ) 2.7, PricklyLettuce (Lactuca House Finch, 3.5 (5, 2); Rough-winged Corn.Crow, Pition Jay, Am. Robin, W Blue- 3erdola) 2.3, Stork's-bill(Erodium circutarium) Swallow,3 (5, 2); Say'sPhoebe, 2.5; Mourning bird. Remarks: Nestsfound (S): Vesper Spar- 1.8, Jim Hill Mustard (Sisymbriumaltissi- Dove, 2; Ash-throated Flycatcher, 2; Cation row, 4; Brewer's Sparrow, 1. The count ot mum) 1.2. Additional plants that are not Wren, 2; Bewick's Wren, 2; N. Oriole, 2; Vesper Sparrowsdoubled h'om 5 last year important in percent cover and were not Black-headed Grosbeak, 2; LesserGoldfinch, The increasemay result, however,from more includedin any of the 80 frames,but which 2; hummingbird(Black-chinned or Costa's), coveragein late April and early May, when are visuallyconspicuous include Red Three- 1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1; SolitaryVireo, 1; thesebirds sing most ardently,and from an awn (Arisfids Iongiseta),Giant Wildrye (E. Blue Grosbeak,1. Total: 16 species;60 males intensecolor-banding effort, rather than from cinereus), Russian Thistle (Salsola kali), and and female hummingbird (93/km2, 38/100 a real changein numbers.Two banded c• Ves- others. Several small relic areas of Big Sage- acres). Visitors: Prairie Falcon, Am. Kestrel, per Sparrowsand threeBrewer's Sparrows occu-
78 AmericanBirds, January 1980 pied the sameterritories they usedin 1978 -- Description of Plot: See AB 33'33 (1979) 145. DESERT RIPARIAN-FRESH- D ARCItlBALD McCALLUM and DENA Weather:Clear on all trips Temperatures35- WATER MARSH AND PONDS. -- Loca- LEIBMAN, Cottonwood Gulch Foundatton, 95øF Measurableprec•p•tatton fell on 3 days tion: Cal•forma, San BernardsnoCo., 0.5 mi E Box 969, Thoreau, N.M. 87323. Coverage:Mar. 11, 25; Apr. 14, 29, 30; May of Rte. 62, Big MorongoWildlife Preserve,34 ø 13-14, 27; 0730-1300. Total man-hours: 8. 03'N, 116ø35' W, MorongoValley Quadrangle, 141. ALKALI SINK COMMUNITY. -- Census:Black-throated Sparrow, 12 (47, 19); USGS. Continuity: Established 1977; 3 con- Location: California; San Luis Obispo Co., SageSparrow, 5 (20, 8); Horned Lark, 3 (12, secutiveyears. Size: 15.38 ha = 38 acres Carrizo Plains, 8 mi SE of California Valley; 5); Brewer'sSparrow, 3. Total: 4 species;23 Descriptionof Plot: See AB 32:113 (1977) 200 yards SE of San Diego Creek Rd; NW territorial males (90/km:, 37/100 acres). Weather: Mostly clear, warm to hot days, quarter of Sec. 35, T30S, R19E, Simmler Visitors: Costa'sHummingbird, Ash-throated usually 50-75øF.Coverage: Apr. 14-15, 27, Quadrangle,USGS; 35ø16'N,119ø54'W. Con. Flycatcher, Corn. Raven, House Finch. May 1, 23, 25; June 2, 7; dawn to 0830. Total tinuity: New (1978). Size: 12.25 ha = 30.27 Remarks: 3 Black-throatedSparrow nests man-hours: 27. Census: Bewick's Wren, 11 acres(square, 350 X 350m, compassand steel found. This studywas supportedby the U.S. (72, 29);Lesser Goldfinch, 9 (59, 24);Starling, tape) Description of Plot: An alkali sink Bureau of Land Management, Bakersfield 8 (52, 21); Gambel's Quail, 6 (39, 16); Costa's associationwith approximately1 acre of open District.- DANIEL A. and KATHRYN Hummingbird,5 (33, 13); N. Oriole, 5; Ash- water(Soda Lake) projecting into the NE cor- GUTHRIE, Joint Science Dept., Claremont throated Flycatcher, 4 (26, 11); House Finch, ner Two 25 m line transects were made to Colleges,Claremont, Calif. 91711. 4; VirginiaRail, 3 (20, 8); Anna'sHumming- determinespecies composition and percent bird, 3; House Wren, 3; Lucy's Warbler, 3; cover Plant coveragewas composed of 25.9% 143. CREOSOTEBUSH SCRUB II. -- Rufous-sidedTowbee, 3; Song Sparrow,3; Redstem Filaree (Erodium cicutarium), 23.1% Location: California; Inyo Co., 12 mi N of Lit- Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 2; Nuttall's DepauperateClover (Trifolium depaupemtum), tle Lake, % mi W of US 395,just N of Johnson Woodpecker, 2; Brown-headed Cowbird, 2 22 2% PepperGrass (Lepidium dictyotum, L. Canyon;S1S, T21S R37E; 36ø06'N,117ø58'W, (females);Summer Tanager, 2; Indigo Bunt- jaredit,L. nitidum),11.8% grasses: Salt Grass Halwee ReservoirQuadrangle, USGS. Con. ing, 2; CoopeftsHawk, 1; Am. Kestrel, 1; Am. (Dtsttchlisspicata), Brome (Bromus sp.), Bar- tinuity: New. Size: 25.5 ha = 63 acres (rec- Coot, 1; Barn Owl, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1; ley (Hordeurnsp.), Fescue(Festuca sp.) and tangMar,850 X 300 m, paced).Description of Black-chinnedHummingbird, 1; ScrubJay, 1; Annual Hair• Grass (Deschampsiadantho- Plot: See AB 33:32 (1979). Weather: Tem- Vetdin, 1; Bushtit,1; Phainopepla,1; Blue- notdes),7.4% Saltbush(Atriplex coronata,A. peratures40-100øF. Slight precipitationearly gray Gnatcatcher, 1; Bell's Vireo, 1; Yellow- spmtfera),and the remaining9.6% composed in the period.Coverage: Mar. 11, 25; Apr. 14, breasted Chat, 1; Hooded Oriole, 1; Blue of the following:Iodine Bush(Allenro.lfiea occi- 29-30; May 13-14, 27; 0645-1230. Total man- Grosbeak, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Vermilion dentahs), Alkali Heath (Frankenia grandi- hours:8. Census:Sage Sparrow, 24 (94, 38); Flycatcher,+; Wied's CrestedFlycatcher, +; foha), Haplopappus acradenius, Tidy Tips Black-throatedSparrow, 12 (47, 19); Brewer's Black Phoebe, +; Brown Towhee, +; (Laytamunzii), Goldfields (Lasthenia .fierrisiae), Sparrow, 2; Mourning Dove, 1; Blue-gray Lawrence'sGoldfinch, +. Total: 40 species;95 Wild Onion (Alllure lacunosum), Brodiaea Gnatcatcher,1. Total: 5 species;40 territorial territorial males or females; (618/km 2, 250/ sp, SeaBlite (Suaedafruticosa), Sand Spurrey males (157/km 2, 63/100 acres). Visitors: Am. 100 acres).Visitors: Mourning Dove, White- (Spergulariasp.), Larkspur (Delphiniumpar- Kestrel, Costa'sHummingbird, Corn. Raven, winged Dove, Spotted Dove, Roadrunner, tshtt),and Shepherd'sPurse (Capsella bursa- Scott's Oriole, Brown-headed Cowbird. White-throatedSwift, Cassin'sKingbird, W. pastohs). Edge: Bordered on all sides with Remarks: Nests found: 3 Sage Sparrow, 2 Kingbird, Mockingbird, Lazuli Bunting, slmdarhabitat, with a frequentlyused gravel Black-throated Sparrow. All 3 species of Black-chinnedSparrow, Black-throated Spar- road 200 yd W and the main body of Soda sparrowswere initially found in large num- row. Remarks:Nests located (26): Coopefts Lake •A mi SE. Topography: Essentiallyflat bers, numbers decreased as territories were Hawk, 1; Am. Kestrel, 1; Barn Owl, 1; Great valley floor, sloping slightly downhill, S-N. formed, and territorial singingstopped while Horned Owl, 1; Costa'sHummingbird, 2; Elevation:1919 ft. Weather: 1.92 in. of rain in eggs and young were in the nest, recom- Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 2; Nuttall's Apr nonein May or June.Frosts and fog were mencingafter fledging.This studywas sup- Woodpecker,1; Ash-throatedFlycatcher, 1; commonin early morninghours during Apr. ported by the U.S. Bureau of Land Black Phoebe, 1; Vermilion Flycatcher, 1; and May with an average36-79øF; mornings Management, Bakersfield District. -- HouseWren, 2; Bewick'sWren, 1; Starling,5; werewarm and clear in June,with an average DANIEL A. and KATHRYN GUTHRIE, Lucy's Warbler, 3; Hooded Oriole, 1; N. of 44-90ø . Coverage:Apr. 22, 29; May 6, 13, Joint Science Dept., Claremont Colleges, Oriole, 1; LesserGoldfinch, 1. Specialthanks 28, June 3, 11, 18, 24; 0545-0945. Total man- Claremont,Calif. 91711. to the San BernardinoValley Audubon Society hours 14. Census:Horned Lark, 16 (131, 53); for providing travel funds. -- SHARON W Meadowlark,5 (41, 17); SageSparrow, 3 GOLDWASSER, EUGENE A. CARDIFF, (24, 10), Am. Coot, 2. Total: 4 species;26 ter- 144. DESERT SCRUB. -- Location: JESSIE KNIFFEN, San Bernardino County ritorial males or females (212/km 2, 86/100 California; Inyo Co., 100 m SW of Haiwee Museum, 2024 Orange Tree Lane, Redlands, acres) Visitors: Pintail, Mallard, Cinnamon Spring,within the boundariesof China Lake Calif...92373. Teal, Green-wingedTeal, GoldenEagle, Kill- Naval Weapons Center; S15, T21S, R39E; deer, Am. Avocet, Black-necked Stilt, Com. 36ø0TN, 117ø45'W, Haiwee Reservoir 146. HIGH DESERT HOT SPRINGS. -- Raven Remarks:The plot received20.39 in. Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: Location:California; Inyo Co., 11.5 mi E of of rain for the 77-78 season;the averagepre- 25.5 ha = 63 acres(rectangular, 850 X 300 m, US 395 on CosoRd., in the China Lake Naval cip•tationis 8.69 in. The abundanceof water paced).Description of Plot: SeeAB 33:34 WeaponsCenter; S4, T225, R39E; 36ø03'N, undoubtedlyallowed for a higher-than-normal (1979). Weather: Temperatures 35-90øF. 117ø47W, Halwee ReservoirQuadrangle, numberof breedingwaterfowl in the adjacent Measurable precipitation fell on 3 days. USGS. Continuity: New. Size: 33.2 ha = 82.1 areas GoldenEagles were highly conspicuous Coverage:Mar. 10, 24; Apr. 14, 28-29; May acres. Description of Plot: See AB 33:34-35 during the observationtimes. Nests found: 12-13, 26; 0700-1500. Total man-hours: 9. (1979).Weather: Clear on all trips. Tem- Am Coot, 2; Sage Sparrow,1. Black-necked Census:Black-throated Sparrow, 10 (39, 16); peratures40-100øF. Slight precipitation early Stilts exhibited breeding behavior in and HornedLark, 9 (35, 14); Brewer'sSparrow, 3 in Mar. Coverage:Mar. 10, 24; Apr. 14, 28-29; around the plot, but no nests were found. (12, 5); Costa's Hummingbird, 1; Sage May 12-13, 26; 0700-1700. Total man-hours: Specialthanks to Craig Woods and Roger Sparrow, 1. Total: 5 species;24 territorial 10. Census:Say's Phoebe, 3 (9, 4); Costa's Gambs for their assistance. --LARRY males (94/km :, 38/100 acres). Visitors: Hummingbird,1; Black-throatedSparrow, 1; HURST, P.O. Box 532, Santa Margarita. Chukar, Com. Raven, House Finch. Remarks: SageSparrow, 1; Brewer'sSparrow, 1. Total: Cahf 93453. Nestsfound: SageSparrow, 1; Black-throated 5 species;7 territorial males (21/km2, 9/100 Sparrow, 3. Area heavily overgrazed by acres).Visitors: Mourning Dove, Com. Raven, 142. CREOSOTEBUSH SCRUB I. w burros.This studywas supportedby the U.S. LoggerheadShrike. Remarks: Sparrows were Location:California; Inyo Co., 50 m S of Coso Bureau of Land Management, Bakersfield found in Atriplex-Hymenoclea association. Rd, 3 9 mi E of junctionof CosoRd. and US District. We thank the personnelat China Phoebesnested in buildings(ruins of a resort) 395, mostlyin the NW corner of S4 and NE Lake Naval Weapons Center for their and ravensnested in similarbuildings just off cornerof SS,T225, R38E; 36ø03'N,117ø53'W, cooperation.--DANIEL A. and KATHRYN plot. Mourning Dove and House Finch were Halwee ReservoirQuadrangle, USGS. Con- GUTHRIE, Joint Science Dept., Claremont dailyvisitors to wateron the plot aswere up to tinuity: New. Size: 25.5 ha = 63 acres. Colleges,Claremont, Calif. 91711. 50 burros.This studywas supported by the
Volume 34, Number 1 79 U S Bureau of Land Management, Bakers- 149. JOSHUA TREE WOODLAND. m RogerGambs for their assistanceand sugges- field D•strmt Thanks to the personnelat Location: Callforma, Inyo Co, 3 9 ml E on tions -- LARRY HURST, P 0 Box 532, ChinaLake WeaponsCenter for thetr coopera- Coso Rd. from U.S. 395, then 4.6 ml N to end Santa Margartta, Cahf. 93453. tion. -- DANIEL A. and KATHRYN GUTH- of old mine road; S10 & 11, T21S, R38E; RIE, Joint ScienceDept., ClaremontColleges, 36ø07'N, 117ø51'W, Haiwee Reservoir 151. OCOTILLO - CHOLLA. -- Location: Claremont,Calt.'f., 91711. Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Size: California; Riverside Co., Santa Rosa Mtns, 26.25 ha = 64.86 acres(rectangular 1050 X about S.Smi S of StateHwy 74/StateHwy 111 147. HIGH DESERT RESERVOIR AND 250 m, paced).Description of Plot: SeeAB junctionin Palm Desert,beginning E of Hwy SHORELINE. -- Location: California; Inyo 33:33 (1979). Weather: Clear on all trips. 74; in the NE % Sec.18, T6S, R6E, and extend- Co., 8 mi S of CosoJct. on E sideof US 395, Temperatures 35-95øF. Measurable ing into the SE% Sec.7, SW% Sec.8 and acrossfrom the Little Lake Hotel, also small precipitationfell on 2 days.Coverage: Mar. NW% Sec. 17; 33ø40'N, 116ø25'W, Palm Des- pondsW of US 395;S8 and 17, T235, R38E; 11, 25; Apr. 14, 29-30; May 13-14, 27; 0630- err Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Estabhshed 35ø56'N,117ø54'W, Little Lake Quadrangle, 1300. Total man-hours: 8. Census: Black- 1978. Size: 16.2 ha = 40 acres.Description of USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 25 ha = 61.7 throated Sparrow, 16 (61, 25); Brewer's Plot: See AB 33:94 (1979). Weather: Tem- acresof grassymeadow. [31.9 ha = 78.8acres Sparrow,3 (11, 5); CactusWren, 2; House peratures58-94øF. For the secondyear m a of openwater present but notincluded in the Finch, 2; Ladder-backedWoodpecker, 1; W. row, this area has receivedmore than the aver- census.]Description of Plot: SeeAB 33:35 Kingbird, 1; Ash-throated Flycatcher, 1; agewinter rainfall. Coverage: Apr. 7, 12, 19, (1979). Weather: Temperatures 35-95øF. Scott's Oriole, 1. Total: 8 species; 27 24; May 10, 19, 28; June9; 0445-1130,PST Measurableprecipitation fell on 3 days in territorial males (103/km 2, 42/100 acres). Total man-hours: 32.S. Census: Black-throated Mar. Coverage:Mar. 10,24; Apr. 14,28; May Visitors: Com. Raven, Say'sPhoebe, Bewick's Sparrow,13 (80, 33);Costa's Hummingbird, 6 12-13, 26; 0700-1800.Total man-hours:14.5. Wren, LoggerheadShrike. Remarks: Nests (37, 1S); House Finch, 4 (25, 10); Mourning Census:(open water acreage excluded) Ruddy found(3): Black-throatedSparrow, 2; Cactus Dove, 3.S (22, 9); Gambel'sQuail, 3 (19, 8), Duck, 17 (68, 28); Brewer'sBlackbird, 1S (60, Wren, 1. This studywas supported by the U.S. Rock Wren, 2; Bewick's Wren, 2; Cactus 24); Red-wingedBlackbird, 1S; Mallard, 6 Bureau of Land Management,Bakersfield Wren, 1; Verdin, 1; LoggerheadShrike, 1 (24, 10);Killdeer, 6; Starling,S (20, 8); House District. -- DANIEL A. and KATHRYN Total: 10 species;36.S territorial males or Sparrow,S; CinnamonTeal, 4 (16, 6); Am. GUTHRIE, Joint Science Dept., Claremont females (225/km 2, 91/100 acres). Visitors: Coot, 4; Pied-billedGrebe, 2; Gadwall, 2; Colleges,Claremont. Calif. 91711. Sharp-shinnedHawk, Red-tailedHawk, Wtute- Violet-greenSwallow, 2; Corn.Gallinule, 1; winged Dove, Vaux's Swift, White-throated Sora, 1; W. Kingbird, 1; Black Phoebe,1; 150. LOWER SONORAN GRASSLAND. Swift,Anna's Hummingbird, Rufous Humming- Say'sPhoebe, 1; Corn.Yellowthroat, 1. Total: -- Location:California; San Luis ObispoCo., bird, W. Kingbird, Cassin'sKingbird, Ash- 18species; 89 territorial males (3S6/km 2, 144/ Carrizo Plains, 15 mi SE of California Valley, throated Flycatcher, Say's Phoebe, Ham- 100 acres). Visitors: Prairie Falcon, Corn. 1.5 mi S of Kern Co.; Sec. 12, T315, R20E; 35ø mond's Flycatcher, W. Wood Pewee, Barn Raven,Rock Wren. Remarks:Nests found: 2 35ø14'N, 119ø47W, Painted Rock Quad- Swallow,Corn. Raven, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Mallard, 2; Ruddy Duck 12; Broodsseen: rangle,USGS. Continuity:New (1978).Size: WarblingVireo, Orange-crowned Warbler, Nash- coot4; Mallard 1. The 3 visitorspecies nest on 20.25 ha = 50.04 acres(450 X 450 m, compass ville Warbler, Yellow-rumped Warbler, cliffsabove lake. Although200 cootand S0 and steeltape). Descriptionof Plot: The per- Townsend'sWarbler, Wilson'sWarbler, Scott's RuddyDucks were on the lake throughout the cent cover and speciescomposition of this Oriole, N. Oriole, W. Tanager,Black-headed period,few were nesting. Say's Phoebe, Starling saltbush-grasslandcommunity was determined Grosbeak,Lazuli Bunting,Lesser Goldfinch, andHouse Sparrow nested in a stablenear the by four 25 m line transects.The E sidehad a Chipping Sparrow. Remarks: Nests found lake. This studywas supportedby the U.S. coverageof nearly100ø7o Locoweed (Astragalus (16): Black-throatedSparrow, 8; Loggerhead Bureau of Land Management, Bakersfield sp.),while the majority(5/6 of the total area) Shrike, 2; House Finch, 2; Rock Wren, 1, District. -- DANIEL A. and KATHRYN had a coveragecomposition of: 55% grasses: CactusWren, 1; Bewick'sWren, 1; Verdln, 1 GUTHRIE. Joint Science Dept.. Claremont Brome Grass (Bromussp.), Fescue(Festuca Gambel'sQuail young,less than one week old, Colleges,Claremont, Cah.'f. 91 711. sp.), Foxtail (Hordeunsp.); 19.5% Red-stem were also observed. I thank Ruth C. Yoder for Filaree (Erodium cicutarium), 12.9ø7oSaltbush assistancewith the surveys.The plot is part of 148. HIGH DESERT SPRING. m (Atriplex polycarpa,A. spint.'f•ra),8.7% bare the BoydDeep Canyon Reserve. -- BARBARA Location:California; Inyo Co., 5.5 mi N of ground,and 3.9% variousforbs and shrubs. A. CARLSON, P.O. Box 1015, Upland, Cahf CesoHot Springsby roughdirt road,within Plantsoccurring but not recordedon the line 91786. the boundariesof China Lake Naval Weapons transectsincluded: Ephedra cahfornica,Box- Center;S 10 and 15, T21S, R39E; 36ø07N, thorn (Lycium andersonii), Prince's Plume 152. SALTBUSH SCRUB. -- Location: 117ø45'W, Haiwee Reservoir Quadrangle, (Stanleyapinnata), Winter Fat (Eurotktlanata), California;Inyo Co., 1 mi E of US 395(Coso USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 5.5 ha = 13.6 Eastwoodia elegans, Coreopsiscalliopsidea, Junction),0.4 mi S of Coso Rd.; S6, T225, acres.Description of Plot: See AB 33:34 California Poppy (Eschscholzialemmonii), R38E, and S1, T225, R37E; 36ø03'N, (1979). Weather: Clear on all trips. Tem- BlazingStar (Mentzeliaaffinis), Desert Can- 117ø55'W, Haiwee Reservoir Quadrangle, peratures35-90øF. Measurable precipitation dle (Caulanthus infiatus), and California USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 25.5 ha = 63 fell on 3 days.Coverage: Mar. 10, 24;Apr. 14, Buckwheat(Eriogonum.fasciculatum). Edge: Bor- acres.(rectangular 300 X 850 m, paced). 28-29;May 12-13,26; 0700-1500.Total man- deredon all sidesby similar habitat. Within Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 33:32-33(1979). hours: 9. Census: Lesser Goldfinch, 8 (145, 100ft of the W side is a dirt road; the N side is Weather: Temperatures 40-100øF 59); Cesta'sHummingbird, 4 (73, 29); Mour- at the base of the Panorama Hills. Topog- Measurableprecipitation on 2 daysof Mar ningDove, 2; LazuliBunting, 2; Ash-throated raphy: A slightlysloping alluvial plain with a Coverage:Mar. 11, 25; Apr. 14, 29-30, May Flycatcher,1; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, 1. narrow washin the SE corner and a 3 m deep 13-14, 27; 0830-1300. Total man-hours 8. Total:6 species;18 territorial males (327/km 2, arroyo crossingthe SW corner. Elevation: Census: Horned Lark, 14 (55, 22), Sage 132/100 acres).Visitors: Chukar, Long-cared 2200ft. Weather: 1.92 in. rain in Apr., nonein Sparrow,9 (35, 14); Black-throatedSparrow, Owl,Com. Raven, Rock Wren, House Finch, May or June.Frosts and fog commonin Apr. 3 (12, 5); Brewer's Sparrow, 3. Total: 4 Black-throatedSparrow. Remarks: 2 Lesser and May; June had clear skiesand average species;29 territorialmales (114/km 2, 46/100 Goldfinch nests found. Long-cared Owls temperaturesof 44-90øF. Coverage:1978: acres). Visitors: Mourning Dove, Costa's roostedat the springfor the durationof this Apr. 23, 30; May 7, 14, 27; June4, 25; 0555- Hummingbird,Corn. Raven, Brown-headed study.Chukar, Rock Wren and House Finch 0900. Total man-hours: 9.25. Census: Horned Cowbird. Remarks: Nests found: 2 Sage nestedin nearbyrocks and were daily visitors. Lark, 15 (74, 30); W. Meadowlark,9 (44, 18); Sparrow,2 HornedLark. This studywas sup- Upto 40 burros water daily at thespring. This SageSparrow, 3 (15, 6). Total: 3 species;27 ported by the U.S. Bureau of Land studywas supported by the U.S. Bureauof territorial males or females (133/km •, 54/100 Management, Bakersfield Distrct -- Land Management,Bakersfield District. acres). Visitors: Le Conte's Thrasher. Remarks: DANIEL A. and KATHRYN GUTHRIE. Thanksto thepersonnel at ChinaLake Naval One Horned Lark nest was found. The aver- Joint Science DePt., Claremont Colleges, WeaponsCenter for their cooperation.-- ageprecipitation for the CarrizoPlains is 8.69 Claremont, Calif. 91711. DANIEL A. and KATHRYN GUTHRIE. in., but duringthe censusyear (1978) the area Joint Science Dept., Claremont Colleges, received20.39 in. of rain, the most recordedin 153. COASTAL SCRUB. -- Location: Cal- Claremont,Calif. 91711. 40 years.Special thanks to Craig Woodsand ifornia; Marin Co., 4 mi NW of Bolinas and
80 AmericanBirds, January 1980 0 5 mi mside the S boundary of Point Reyes speciesutfiizmg any part of the plotwere color BUSH, STUART JOHNSON, NANCY Nat'l Seashore,37ø55'N, 122ø45'W, Bohnas bandedin 1979 However,this plot, whichis PETERSEN, and PETER SAWYER, Potnt Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established adjacentto the locationof the mistnets oper- ReyesBtrd Observatory, 4990 Shorehne Hwy , 1971, 7 intermittentyears. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 ateddaily as part of P.R.B.O.'smigration and StinsonBeach, Calif. 94970. acres Descriptionof Plot: See AB 25:1003- dispersalstudy, has alwayshad a substantial 1004 (1971). Weather: Overcast skies or coas- proportion of color banded birds. Thus, the 156. ARCTIC LOW FOOTHILLS TUN- tal fog prevailedon 54% of the censusmorn- increasein the proportion of color banded DRA. -- Location:Alaska; North SlopeBor- rags,the remainderbeing mostly clear. West- birdswas less than the correspondingincrease ough, 5 km ESE of Atkasook; 70ø2TN, 157ø erlyor SW windsof about5-10 mph prevailed that occurred on Census 155. As a result, the lffW, Meade River Quadrangle,USGS. Con- on most morningsbut were generallya bit observedincrease in the densityof territorial tinuity: Established1977; 3 consecutiveyears lighter and more southerlythan most years. maleswas greater on Census155, than on this Size: 25 ha = 61.8 acres.Description of Plot. Morning temperatures,50-77øF (generally census. These data indicate that standard See AB 32:115-116 (1978). Weather: Tem- 55-65ø) and were, perhaps,a bit higherthan spot-mappingcensus techniques may tend to peraturesin May warmerby comparisonwith mostyears. Rainfall duringApr. and May was underestimatethe abundanceof very dense previous year, producing a relatively early about normal (2.50 in.) but total rainfall for speciessuch as SongSparrow. Of probably melt-off. 50% of the surface area was snow- fiscal year 1978-79(26.44 in.) was somewhat lesserimportance to the increasedbreeding free beforeMay 29 while in 1978this stageot belownormal. Coverage: Apr. 3, 7, 9-10, 12-18, bird density found on this censuswas the melt-off was not reached until June 3. Snow 20, 23-24, 27-28; May 2, 4, 8; 530-1230.Total gradualsuccession of the vegetationtoward a covergone by June 8. Coverage:May 29; June man-hours: 45. Comus: Wrentit, 9 (111, 45); more mature coastal scrub which is known to 2.8, 10, 13-14, 17-18, 19. 23, 26; July 2. Total Rufous-sidedTowbee, 8 (99, 40); SongSpar- supporta higher densityof breedingbirds. man-hours:109. Census: Lapland Longspro. row, 7.5 (93, 38); White-crownedSparrow, 7 Nestsfound (13): Bushtit,2; Wrentit, 2; Am. 10 (40, 16); SemipalmatedSandpiper, 7 (28, (86, 35); Allen'sHummingbird, 4.5 (56, 23); Goldfinch,2; White-crownedSparrow, 3; 11);W. Sandpiper,5 (20, 8); Oldsquaw,4(16. Bewlck's Wren, 3.5 (43, 18); Bushtit, 1.5; Song Sparrow, 4. One of the territorial d 6); PectoralSandpiper (nesting females), 3 (12, Orange-crownedWarbler, 1; Am. Goldfinch, White-crownedSparrows was bigamous; each 5); N. Phalarope,3; Red Phalarope,2; Black- 1, Rufous-crownedSparrow, 1; ScrubJay, 0.5; of his matesbuilt a nestbut onlyone of them bellled Plover. 1.5; Dunlin, 1.5; Savannah House Finch, 0.5; Red-tailed Hawk, +; Cal- successfullyraised young. ContributionNo. Sparrow, 1.5: Willow Ptarmigan, l; Arctic frommQuail, +; Corn.Flicker, +; PurpleFmch, 208, P.R.B.O. -- DAVE DESANTE. LIBBY Loon.+, Pintail, +; GreaterScaup, +. Total: + Total: 16 species;45 territorialmales (556/ CREELMAN, MARGARET HETHERING- 14 species;39.5 territorial males or females km2, 225/100 acres).Remarks: The total den- TON. and JENNY PRICE. Point ReyesBird (158/kin2, 64/100 acres).Visitors: King Eider, sityof territorialmales was nearly identical to Observatory.4990 ShorelineHwy.. Stinson Am. Golden Plover, Long-billed Dowitcher, the mean for the previous6 years(564/km2), Beach.Calif. 94970. Long-tailed Jaeger, Parasitic Jaeger, Arctic despitethe somewhatmore thoroughcover- Tern, Short-eared Owl. Remarks: See AB 29 age (comparedto the previous6-year mean of 155. DISTURBED COASTAL SCRUB B. 1135 (1975) re calculations of Pectoral Sand- 30 8), and may reflect an inherent stability to -- Location: California; Marin Co., 3.5 mi piper density.Two PectoralSandpiper males the breedingbird communityof the mature NW of Bolinas and 0.16 mi inside the S boun- defendedterritories throughout June, thus the coastal scrub habitat. Somewhat less than dary of Point ReyesNat'l Seashore;37ø55tN, total speciesdensity changes to 38.5 territorial 25% of all breedingindividuals of all species 122ø45•W,Bolinas Quadrangle, USGS. Con- males (154/kin •, 62/100 acres) if calculations utilizingany part of the plot werecolor banded tinuity: Established 1971; 8 intermittent are based on males instead of females. This m 1979. This proportionwas comparableto years. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres.Description of year's data reflect a continued downward that in previous years. Nests found (6): Plot: See AB 25:1002-1003 (1971). Weather: trendin total speciesand total breedingdensity Bushtit, 2; Bewick's Wren, 2; Rufous-sided See Census153. Coverage:Apr. 2, 5-6, 9-10, (seeAB 22:101).The drop in speciesnumber. Towbee,1; SongSparrow, 1. ContributionNo. 12-13, 15, 17-20, 24-25, 27; May 2-4, 7-11, 14- a net lossof 4 from 1977. is not linked to any 207, P.R.B.O. -- DAVE DESANTE, ED 15, 18, 20, 22, 24-25, 30-31; 0530-1330. Total particular group. Two new species,Greater GOOD, MARSHA HEIDT, TEYA McEL- man-hours:84. Census:Song Sparrow, 14.5 Scaup and N. Phalarope, were added to the RO Y. TOM STIERHOFF, KEN WARHEIT, (179, 73); White-crownedSparrow, 6.5 (80, breedinglist. The decreasein breedingdensity SALLY WEISEL. and BRUCE WILLI- 33); Am. Goldfinch, 5.5 (68, 28); Rufous-sided (down 16% from 1978 and 42% from 1977) FORD. Point ReyesBird Observatory,4990 Towbee,2.5; Allen'sHummingbird, 2; Wren- was largelyfrom a continueddecline in Lap- ShorehneHwy., StinsonBeach. Calif. 94970. tit, 1.5; California Quail, 1; Bushfit, 1; land Longspurs(off 26% and 58% from 1978 Bewick's Wren, 0.5; Corn. Flicker, +; Scrub and 1977, respectively).Western Sandpiper, 154. DISTURBED COASTAL SCRUB A. Jay, +; Am. Robin, +; W. Bluebird, +; SemipalmatedSandpiper, and Red Phalarope -- Location: California; Marin Co., 3.5 mi Starling,+; Brown-headedCowbird, +; House also dropped appreciably, 1977-1979. Last NW of Bollhasand just insidethe S boundary Finch,+; BrownTowbee, +. Total'-17 species; year we interpretedthe low total densityof of Point ReyesNat'l Seashore;37ø55'N, 122 ø 35 territorial males (432/km 2, 175/100 acres). 1978 comparedto 1977 as a possibleresult of 45tW, BolinasQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Remarks:The total densityof territorial males floodingduring the break-up of the Meade Established1972; 7 intermittent years. Size: was nearly twice as high as the mean for the River. As no suchflooding occurred this year 4 7 ha = 11.6 acres.Description of Plot: See previous7 years(230/km•). This is attributed the continuedreduction in breedingdensity AB 26 987-988 (1972). Weather: See Census to a numberof factorsincluding (1) a much resulted from some other factor, Because of 153 Coverage:Apr. 2, 5-6, 9, 12-13,15, 18-20, higherproportion of colorbanded birds (over the overwhelmingnumerical importance of 24-25, May 2-4, 7-11, 13-14,18, 20, 22, 24-25, 45% of all breedingindividuals of all species Lapland Longspurs(35% of breedingindivid- 30-31, 0530-1330. Total man-hours: 91. Cen- utilizingany part of the plot werecolor ban- uals in 1977) and their sharp decline from sus:Song Sparrow, 8 (170, 69); Wrentit, 2.5; ded in 1979) which allowed a more accurate 1977-1979,the drop in total densitymight be Am Goldfinch, 2.5; California Quail, 2; determination of breeding territories, largely a result of factors peculiar to that Bushtit,2; White-crownedSparrow, 2; Allen's especiallyfor very densespecies such as Song species,one knownto undergodramatic multi- Hummingbird, 1.5; Rufous-sidedTowbee, Sparrow,(2) a morethorough coverage com- year trends in populationdensity in northern 1 5, ScrubJay, 0.5; Bewick'sWren, 0.5; Red- paredto the previous7 yearmean of 21.4 man Alaska (Custer and Pitelka 1977, Auk 94 tailed Hawk, +; Corn.Flicker, +; Am. Robin, hours,and (3) the gradualsuccession of the 505-525).Calculating the percentdecline in +, Orange-crownedWarbler, +; HouseFinch, vegetationtoward a more mature coastal total breedingdensity for all speciesexcept + Total: 15 species;23 territorialmales (490/ scrubwhich is knownto supporta higherden- Lapland Longspursreveals a 12% and a 33% km 2, 198/100 acres).Remarks: The total den- sity of breeding birds. Nests found (23): decline from 1978 and 1977, respectively sityof territorialmales was about 1.4 timesas Bushtit,2; HouseFinch, 1; Am. Goldfmch,5; Thus the decreaseis from more general highas the mean for the previous6 years(346/ Rufous-sided Towbee, 1; White-crowned causes. Nests found (number successfully kin2). This increaseis attributed to severalfac- Sparrow, 5; Song Sparrow, 9. One of the hatchedin parentheses):Willow Ptarmigan2 tors Foremost among them are the more territorialmale White-crownedSparrows was (0), Black-bellied Plover 1 (1), Pectoral Sand- thoroughcoverage compared to the previous bigamous;each of his matesbuilt a nest but piper3 (3), Dunlin 1 (1), SemipalmatedSand- 6-yearmean of 29 man hours, and the some- only one of them successfullyraised young. piper8 (6),W. Sandpiper1 (1), RedPhalarope whatgreater proportion of colorbanded birds. Contribution No. 209, P.R.B.O. --DAVE 2 (1),N. Phalarope2 (2),Lapland Longspur 10 Over 50% of all breedingindividuals of all DESANTE, JOHN BLACKHAM, BETSY (9). This work was funded by the D.O.E. as
Volume34, Number 1 81 part of a studyofshoreblrd ecology We thank Bar-taded Godwit, 3, N Phalarope,3, Red- tory, Barrow, 71ø18'N, 156ø47W, Barrow the Naval Arctic Research Laboratory and poll sp, 3, Pectoral Sandpiper,2, White- Quadrangle,USGS Continuity:Estabhshed especiallyTerry Hall for logisticsupport. -- fronted Goose, 1, Rock Ptarmigan, 1; Stilt 1975; 5 consecutiveyear. Size: 33 ha = 81 5 J.P. MYERS, W. D. SHUFORD, J. EVENS, Sandpiper,1; ParasiticJaeger, 1; Pintail, +; acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 29:1135-6 and F. A. PITELKA, Museum of Vertebrate Oldsquaw,+; Black-belliedPlover, +; Whim- (1975).Weather: Average temperature during Zool., Univ. of Calif, Berkeley,Calif 94720. brel, +. Total: 18 species;72 territotialmales June 29øF, - 0.6ø departure from normal or females (72/100 ha, 29/100 acres). Visitors: Averagewind speedduring June, 11 mph 157. INLAND COASTAL TUNDRA. -- Arctic Loon, WhistlingSwan, Rough-legged Weather data from NOAA, Barrow, Alaska, 3 Location: Alaska; North Slope Borough, 69 Hawk, Golden Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, km to W. Melt-off wasearly this yearbecause km S of PrudhoeBay; 69ø41'N, 148ø42'W; Baird'sSandpiper, Red Phalarope,Pomarine of protractedwarm weatherduring Apr and Sagavanirktok(C-3) Quadrangle, USGS. Con- Jaeger, Glaucous Gull, Arctic Tern, Yellow May; 50ø7osnow-free date June3, comparedto tinuity: New. Size: 100ha = 247.1 acres.(2500 Wagtail, Savannah Sparrow. Remarks: June 5 in 1978. Snow-freeby June 9; 1975, X 400 m, surveyedand griddeal).Description Resultsof the 1978work publishedin Hanson 1976, 1977, and 1978 snow-freedates were of Plot: Locatedon gentlysloping, continuous and Eberhardt,1978 (D.O.E. AnnualReport, June12, 14, 9, and 12, respectively.Coverage: tundra approximately0.5 km W of Sagavan- Battelle Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, May 29, June3, 6, 12-13, 18-20,22, 27-28, July lrktok River and 1.5 km W of Franklin Bluffs; Wash.). Relatively little changehas occurred 1. Total man-hours: 65. Census: Lapland a mixture of well-drained xeric tundra and since1978; a slightdecrease in Buff-breasted Longspur,14.5 (44, 18); SemipalmatedSand- polygonizedlow, wet tundra. Plot extends Sandpipers(from 10-5) and an increasein piper,10 (30, 12);Baird's Sandpiper, 6 (18, 7), westwardaway from river acrossflat terraces Am. Golden Plovers (from 7-13). In 1978, Dunlin, 6; Red Phalarope,5 (15, 6); Am connectedby slopingridges and creekbanks. large numbersof Buff-breastedSandpipers GoldenPlover, 4.5 (14, 6); PectoralSandp•per Dry areas characterizedby gentle slope, tus- bred in the Franklin Bluffs and Prudhoe Bay (nestingfemales), 4 (12, 5); Pintail, 1; Long- socksand broken ground. Low wet areasflat, area; the 1979 decreaseis felt to representa billed Dowitcher, 1; Ruddy Turnstone, 1, with polygons15-20 m alia. and rim-center return to more normal densities. The two SnowBunting, 1; Steller'sEider, +; Wh•te- distance less than 0.5 m. Two ephemeral known leks in the Franklin area were 5 km rumped Sandpiper,+; Corn. Snipe,+; Para- streams,essentially dry by July 15, crossthe apart. Longspurdensity was similar to that in sitic Jaeger,+; HoaryRedpoll, +; Savannah plot. Vegetationmapped according to analysis 1978 (23) but productivity reduced approx- Sparrow,+. Total: 17 species;54 territorial of PrudhoeBay flora in Webber and Walker, imately 80% by the severestorm on June 25. males or females(164/kmL 66/100 acres) V/a- 1975 (Special Rep. No. 2, Univ. of Alaska, Predationpressure was strongfor all species. trots: N. Phalarope, Pomafine Jaeger EcologicalInvestigations of the Tundra Biome Use of plot by breedingbirds fluctuatedfrom Remarks:See AB •29:1135(1975) re calcula- in the PrudhoeBay Region,Alaska). Percen- display, incubation and fledging periods. tions of PectoralSandpiper density; 4 males tagesof vegetationtypes, associated habitats Family groupscongregated in low wet areas, defendedterritories so if total breedingdensfry and dominant speciesas follows:Type 1, 7.5% somemoved off the plot and somespecies not is calculated based on males instead of (ridges,creek bluffs and dry sloping areas), breeding there moved onto the plot (Long- femalesthe total remainsunchanged. Total Dryas' integrifolia,Saxifraga opposit•olia,Erio- billed Dowitcher, Whimbrel, Black-bellied speciesis 42ø70above the 5-yearaverage (12 phorum angustifolium,Oxytropis sp., Astrag- Plover). Single nests of the dowitcher and species).Brown Letomings were too scarceto flus sp. and Thamnoliasubultformis; Type 2, ploverwere found in 1978. This censuscon- supportbreeders of either of their two major 10.0% (dry polygonrims, well-drained areas), trasts with Census 161 conducted 45 km N. predators,Snowy Owl or PomafineJaeger D. integrifolia, E. angustifolium, Carex aqua- Striking differencesare evidentin both breed- The increasein breedingspecies parallels a tills, Pedicularis sp., Parrya mudicalis and ing species and overall densities. Species jump in breedingdensity, although the new Cetraria sp.; Type 3, 28.5% (polygonrims, diversity appears slightly higher but relative speciescomprise an insignificantfraction of elevated polygon centers and areas not con- and overall densities are much lower, most the individualsbreeding on the plot. Total ttnually wet), Salix lanata, C. aquatilis, Saxi- noticeably in calidridine sandpipers. Long- densityis the secondhighest recorded (w•thm fraga hirculus, Silene acaulis,Pedicularis sp. spursshowed a three-foldincrease in breeding 2ø70of the maximum recorded in 1976) and is and Brynum sp.; Type 4, 20.0% (centers of density in Census 161 as compared to the 15% abovethe 5-year average;10 species low-centered polygons, troughs and poorly Franklin Plot. Immediately evident habitat increased above last year's total whfie 3 drained areas),C. aquatilis, Pedicularissude- differencesare the predominanceof wet poly- decreased.Among the moststriking increases tica, Brynum sp. and Drepanocladuslycopo- gontundra in Census161 which contrasts with wereBaird's Sandpiper (up 200%),Red Phala- diodes;Type 5, 14.5% (wet areaswith shallow the drier, more upland tundra here. Work in rope(150%), Am. GoldenPlover (126%), Pec- standingwater throughoutsummer), C. aqua- previousyears and observationsin 1979 indi- toral Sandpiper(100%), and Lapland Long- tills and Scorpidium scorpioides; Type 13, cate that Census161 is representativeof most spur(22070). The increasesin Am. GoldenPlo- 15.0% (stream and pond margins), S. lanata, of the Prudhoe Bay coastaltundra and that ver and Lapland Longspurreflect area wide Salix reticulata, C. aquatilis and Ped&ularis the Franklin plot is similar to the inland belt expansionsof thesetwo species(see next two sp. Water coverageon the plot decreasedfrom immediately N of the Brooks foothills. Nests Censuses)and, togetherwith the increase•n 28% on June 1 to 2% on July 15. Plot bisected found: Nestsfound off the studysite included Baird's Sandpiper,constitute a significant by trans-Al&ska pipeline (pipe buried, pad if the male's territory extended into plot; increasein 3 of 4 of the mainupland breeding gravel, 1 m high, 10-12 m wide) and pipeline renestingattempts included; (number success- species. In AB 32:116-117 (1978) we haul road (gravel,2 m high, 12-15 m wide). fully fledged in parentheses):13 species,64 speculatedthat regionalmelt-off patterns•n Haul road and pipe pad occupy 1 ha max- (22) nests. Lapland Longspur, 26 (3); Am. relationto the timingof birdmigration played tmum. There is a slight impoundment of Golden Plover, 13 (5); Willow Ptarmigan, 5 a significantrole in inter-yearvariations •n water west of the haul road due to the block- (5); Buff-breastedSandpiper, 5 (1); Bar-tailed breeding bird density. We elaborate that ageof drainage.Edge: Continuation of similar Godwit, 3 (0); N. Phalarope,3 (2); Semipalm- hypothesishere: sites away from the arctic habitat; 15edge gradesinto riparian habitat ated Sandpiper, 2 (1); Long-tailed Jaeger, 2 coast clear of snow earlier than the coastal bordering a former Sagavanirktokchannel. (2); White-fronted Goose, 1 (0); Rock Ptar- stripbecause of their distancefrom the Arctic Topography: Gently sloping E-W, approx- migan, 1 (1); Stilt Sandpiper,1 (1); Pectoral Ocean.The timing of melt-offvaries among tmately 1% grade overall. Elevation: 425 It. Sandpiper,1 (1); Redpoll, 1 (0). This work is years, however,because of changesin tem- Weather: Averagedaily temperaturefor June, part ot' a long term ecologicalstudy on the peraturesregimes. During years with early 11ø C; for July, 17ø. Snow melt complete by impact of North Slope petroleum resource coastal melt-off, migration onto the North June4. Storm on June 25-26 dropped 3 cm of developmentfunded through D.O.E. contract. Slopewill occurwhen more habitat is avail- snowwhich remained on the ground lessthan EY-76-C-06-1830. -- STEPlIEN G. JONES, able in the coastal zone, and individuals that 24 hrs. Weather in late June through July MELINDA A. PRUETT, and WAYNE C. mightotherwise have bred farther to the south generallywarm, cloudy and windy: thunder ItANSON, Eco•w'temsDept., Battelle Pacific will instead continue to the coast. Thus, •n showersfrequent. Coverage: May 27 - Aug. Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Wash. early melt-off years, coastalsites will have 10; 0900-1700. Total man-hours: 854. Census: 99352 relatively high densitiesand those inland Lapland Longspur, 29 (29, 12); Am. Golden relatively low, comparedto their long-term Plover, 11 (11, 4); Willow Ptarmigan,6 (6, 2); 158. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA I. means.This year'sdata from our coastaland Buff-breastedSandpiper, 5 (5, 2); Long-tailed --Location: Alaska;North SlopeBorough, 3 inland plots are consistentwith this predic- Jaeger,3; SemipalmatedSandpiper, 3 (3, 1); km due S of Naval Arctic Research Labora- tion. The hypothesisalso predicts that inter-
82 AmericanBirds, January 1980 year var•abfi•tym densityshould be greater in 50% snow-freeby June 3, 100% snowfree by C aquattlts,scorptdtum scorptotdes, Type 13, speciessuch as Pectoral Sandpiperswith June 14 The melt-off schedule differs from 3.5%(stream and pondmargins), S lanata,S reducedphiloparry. Nests found (number suc- our other two Barrow area plots (seeprevious reticulata, C. aquatilis, Pedicularis spp cessfullyhatched in parentheses):Pintail 1 (0), two Censuses)in that area clear very early Maximum vegetation height 30-40 cm Am Golden Plover 5 (0), Ruddy Turnstone 1 along the exposedupland ridge but pockets Microtopographyof the plot E of the Trans (0), PectoralSandpiper 1 (1), Dunlin 6 (6), remain snow-coveredlater because of deep Alaska pipeline is dominated by polygon Baird'sSandpiper 2 (1), SemipalmatedSand- polygontroughs. Coverage/May 30; June3, 6, ridgesand frostmedallions, resulting from the piper 8 (7), Red PhEarope4 (3), Hoary Red- 8, 12, 18-19, 22, 28; July4. Total man-hours: annual frecze-thaw cycles, and interactions poll 1 (1), LaplandLongspur 9 (8), SnowBunt- 47. Census:Lapland Longspur,22 (88, 36); with permafrost.The W sideof the pipelineis lng 1 (1). This workwas funded by the D.O.E. Dunlin,6 (24, 10);Pectoral Sandpiper (nesting dominatedby Type 4 and 5 habitats; low cen- as part of a studyof shorebirdecology.--J. P. females),4 (16, 6); Am. Golden Hover, 3.5 (14, ter polygons,troughs, and areas that have MYERS, C. W. SWARTH, andF. A. PITEL- 6); Red Phalarope,2; Baird's Sandpiper,1.5; shallow water throughout the summer KA, Museum of Vertebrate ZooL, Univ. of Long-billedDowitcher, 1; SemipalmatedSand- Polygondiameters range up to 15 m; however, Cahf , Berkeley,Calif 94720. Sandpiper,0. S. Total: 8 species;40.S ter- mostof the polygonsare brokenand erratic in ritorial males or females (162/kin:, 66/100 shape. Height of polygons(trough to top), 159. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA acres). Remarks: See AB 29:1135 (1975) re averagesfrom 30-40 cm, maximumto 80 cm II. -- Location: Alaska; North Slope Bor- calculationsof PeetorE Sandpiperdensity. S.S There are 8 lakes and small pondson the plot ough,3 km SSW of Naval Arctic Research Pectoral males defended territories; thus the ranging in size from 0.5 ha to 4.5 ha. Total L,3boratory, Barrow; 71ø18'N, 156ø43'W; Bar- tote breedingdensity changes to 42 territorial areaof lakes15 ha (not includedin plot area) row Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Estab- males (168/kin:, 68/100 acres)if calculations Depths of lakes variesfrom 60 cm to greater hshed 1975; 5•consecutiveyears. Size: 36 ha = are based on males instead of females. In con- than lm. Percent water cover as follows: E 88.9 acres.Description of Plot: SeeAB 29: trast to the previoustwo censusesthe tote sideof pipeline,May 27, 30% June7, 10% July 1136 (1975). Weather: See Census 158. Snow- number of speciesbreeding fell from 11 in 1 1%; W sideof pipeline, May 27, 80%; June mel• schedule:surface area 50% snow free by 1978. This involved the absence of Pintail, 23, 50%; July19, 20%. The W sidestayed con- June5, 100%by June12. Coverage:May 29; Snow Bunting, and two lemming predators, siderablywetter than the E sideas a resultof June3, 6, 12-13, 18-19, 24, 27; July 3. Total SnowyOwl and PomarineJaeger. Total breed- the impoundment of water by the pipeline man-hours:60. Census:Lapland Longspur, ing density,however, rose by 82%. Lapland pad. Snow cover persisted an extra 9 days 25 (69, 28); Dunlin, 6 (17, 7); Am. GoldenPlo- Longspurs(up 105%) accountedfor half of alongthe pipeline due to the "snowfence ef- ver, 5 (14, 6); Pectoral Sandpiper (nesting this increasewhile the rest was spreadamong fect" from the prevailingNE winds.The snow females),5; SemipalmatedSandpiper, 5; Red many specie•, especially Red Phalaropes covered an area of 50-75 m on both sides of Phalarope,4 (11, 4); Baird'sSandpiper, 3 (8, (+166%), PectoralSandpipers (+166%), and the pipeline. Edge: Essentially the same 3), Ruddy Turnstone,2.5; Steller'sEider, 2; Am. Golden Plovers (+133%). Of the 8 habitat exceptfor dry roesictundra on the NE Pintad,1; Oldsquaw,1; Long-billedDowitcher, breedingspecies this year, 7 increasedabove sideof the pipelineand numerouslarge lakes 1, Snow Bunting, 1; White-rumped Sand- their densitylast year. Nestsfound (number 25 ha and greater. Elevation: 30.5 m piper, +; Corn. Snipe,+; N. Phalarope,+; successfullyhatched in parentheses):Am. Weather: Averagetemperatures •br last five ParasiticJaeger, +. Total: 17 species;61.5 ter- GoldenPlover 3 (1), PectoralSandpiper 1 (0), daysof May: 40.3øF,June 46øF, July 59.5øF, titorval males or females (171/km •, 69/100 Dunlin 4 (4), Baird's Sandpiper2 (0), Long- August51.8øF. Temperature range 29-80.0øF acres) Remarks: See AB 29:1135 (1975) re billed Dowitcher1 (0), Red PhEarope 1 (0), The tundra was 70% snowfree by May 27, and calculationsof PectorESandpiper density; 6.5 LaplandLongspur 15 (8). This workwas funded completelyfree by June 2. A snowstorm June Pectoral males defended territories on the by the D.O.E. as part of a study of shorebird 25 left approximately1 in. on the tundra untd grid Thus total breedingdensity using Pec- ecology.--J. P. MYERS, S. T. GELLMAN, 1200 hrs when it melted. Coverage:May 27- toral male instead of female numbers would and F. A. PITELKA. Museum of Vertebrate 31; June 1-30; July 1-10; 11-31; Aug. 1-10. be 63 territorial males (175/km 2, 71/100 ZooL, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley,Calif. 94720. Total man-hours: 1088. Census: Lapland acres)Most changes on this plot parallelpat- Longspur,45 (45, 18); PectoralSandpiper, 30 terns apparentin Census158. Total number 161. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA. (30, 12) (nestingfemales); Semipalmated San- of breedingspecies was up 31%over the 5-year -- Location: Alaska; 13.8 km SSW of dpiper, 22 (22, 9); Duulin, 6 (6, 2); Red average,while breeding density was up 22%. Deadhorse;70ø5'N, 148ø30'W;Beechy Point Phalarope,5 (5, 2); N. Phalarope5; Arctic Ten speciesincreased and only 4 decreased. Quadrangle(A-3), USGS. Continuity: New. Loon,(3, 1); Stilt Sandpiper,3; White-fronted The most dramatic increases were Pectoral Size:100 h a = 247.1 acres(approximately rec- Goose,2; Willow Ptarmigan, 2; Am. Golden Sandpiper(no femalesnested last year), Am. tangular,surveyed and griddedat 50 m in- Plover,1; Black-belliedPlover, 1; Long-billed Golden Plover (+360%), Baird's Sandpiper tervals).Description of Plot: Located 1.3 km Dowitcher,1. Total: 13 species;126 territorial (+170%),and LaplandLongspur (+150%). In W from the Trans Alaska pipelinehaul road males or females (126/km 2, 51/100 acres) contrastwith the previouscensus, however, and Sagavanirktok River; longitudinally Visitors: Whistling Swan, Canada Goose, Red Phalaropesdeclined sharply (-65%). bisectedby the Trans Alaska pipeline and Brant, Pintail, Oldsquaw,King Eider, Golden Nestsfound (numbersuccessfully hatched in pipe-pad (50% above ground, 50% below Eagle, Marsh Hawk, PeregrineFalcon, Hud- parentheses):Am. GoldenPlover 4 (0), Ruddy ground)from N-S. Vegetationmapped ac- soulan Godwit, Bar-tailed Godwit, Ruddy Turnstone 3 (0), Dunlin 5 (4), Baird's Sand- cordingto analysisof PrudhoeBay flora in Turnstone, Buff-breasted Sandpiper, piper 2 (1), SemipalmatedSandpiper 6 (3), Webberand Walker, 1975(Special report No. PomarineJaeger, Parasitic Jaeger, Long-tailed Red Phalarope2 (1), Longspur5 (2). This 2, University of Alaska - Ecological In- Jaeger,Glaucous Gull, Sabine'sGull, Arctic work was fundedby the D.O.E. as part of a vestigationsof the Tundra Biome in the Tern, Snowy Owl, Short-eared Owl, Com studyof shorebirdecology. -- J.P. MYERS, PrudhoeBay Region,Alaska). Percentages of Raven,Yellow Wagtail, Hoary Redpoll,Snow B J McCAFFERY, and F. A. PITELKA, vegetationtypes, associatedhabitats, and Bunting.Remarks: The objectiveof the study Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Univ. of dominantspecies as follows: Type 2, 1.5%(dry is to evaluatethe ecologicalconsequences of Cahf , Berkeley,Calif, 94720. polygonrims, well drainedareas), Dryas in- the Trans Alaskapipeline specifically looking tegrifolia, eriophorum angustifolium, at the effects on the birds and small mam- 160. WET COASTAL PLAIN TUNDRA Pedicularisspp. Cetraria spp. Severalother mals. Approximately4 ha of habitat was lost Ill. -- Location: Alaska; North Slope Bor- fruticoselichens and sedges;Type 3, 30% to the site that the pipeline, pad, and access ough, 3 km SSE of Naval Arctic Research (Polygonrims, elevatedpolygon centers, area road occupied.Early in the breedingseason Laboratory,Barrow; 71ø18'N, 156ø38'W; Bar- not continuously wet), Salix lanata, Carex another 14 ha of habitat was unavailable to row Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Estab- aquatilis,Saxifraga hirculus, Silene acaulis, the nestingbirds becauseof the accumulation hshed 1978. Size: 25 ha = 61.8 acres. The size Pedicularissp., Brynurn sp.; Type 4, 55% of snow and water from the "snow fence ef- of this plot wasreduced from last year's36 ha (centers of many low-centered polygons, fect" of the elevationportion of pipeline by cuttinga 50 m widestrip off eachedge. The troughsand poorly drained areas, such as However, late in the seasonthe wet areas ad- strip removedwas very similar to the remain- pond margins),Carex aquatilis,Pedicularis jacent to the pipeline pad became an im- lng plot in habitat characteristics.Description sudetica, Brynurn sp., Drepanocladus portant feeding area for adults and young of Plot: See AB 33:102 (1979). Weather: See •VCopodiodes;Type 5, 10% (wet areas with Observationswere made of movementsup to 1 Census 158. Snow-melt schedule: surface area shallowstanding water throughoutsummer) km of familygroups moving their young to
Volume 34, Number I 83 these wet areas Of the 121 nests, renests, and uncut forest. The Intensity of cutting w•th insufficient cues to allow them to be probablenests on the plot, 42 (35%) suc- varies from selectivelogging of mature counted as territorial. Following stan- cessfully fledged young. The principal dard interpretation procedureswe reg- predatorswere: Arctic fox, ParasiticJaegers, conifersto total clearcutting.A coopera- Long-tailedJaegers, and probablyGlaucous tive study of vegetativesuccession and ularly lose5-20 speciesper censusplot in Gulls and Com. Ravens. On two occasions a tree regenerationby Canadian Wildlife Mildred Township. The problemappears ParasiticJaeger was observedcapturing and Service and Canadian Forestry Service to result from infrequent singing by killing juvenile shorebirds.Nests located providedmuch of the vegetationdata for someless common species on high b•rd (numberhatched successfully in parentheses): LaplandLongspur, 39 (6), 12 renested(5); thesereports. In additionto the effectof density plots as well as the probability Pectoral Sandpiper,28 (7); Semipalmated cutting,all the forestswithin the area are that we missed cues because of the din Sandpiper,20 (11); Dunlin, 5 (3), 2 renested now subjectto severedefoliation of Bal- causedby so many singing birds. Two (1); RedPhalarope, 4 (2);N. Phalarope,3 (1); sam Fir and White Spruce by Spruce plot shapeswere utilized (except plots Arctic Loon 3 (3); White-frontedGoose 2 (2); Stilt Sandpiper2 (2). This work is part of a Budworm (Choristaneurafumiferana). 177 and 183 - seeplot descriptions)both long-termecological study on the impactsof The present 12-year old outbreak in covering9 ha. (22.24 acres). The most north slopepetroleum resource development Ontario has resulted in moderate to frequentlyused was a 300 m X 300 m fundedthrough D.O.E. ContractEY-76-C-06- severe defoliation of Balsam Fir over an square,the other was an elongatedplot 1830 to Battelle Laboratory. -- CRAIG J. composedof two 100 m = wide rows s•de HOHENBERGER. ANNE HENDRICK, area of 150,000/km 2. (57,900 mi 2) WAYNE C. HANSON, Ecological Science (Howse G. M., A. A.. Hearndon, 1978 by side with one row of 400 m and the Dept., Battelle Pact'ticNorthwest Laboratory, Spruce Budworm Situation in Ontario, other 500 m long. The study required Richland, Wash. 99352. Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. about200 man-days,including days lost Marie, 1979). The Mildred Breeding to inclement weather, in the field of The Impact of ForestCutting on Bird plots demonstratethat the com- which 50 were required to lay out the Boreal Bird Populations bination of high density Spruce Bud- plots and 150 to conduct the censuses. worm populationswith complex early We acknowledgethe assistanceand Each year almost one half million seral vegetationstructure can result in kindness of the landowner, Newaygo acres of the boreal forest of Ontario are an exceptionallyrich and abundant avi- Timber Co. Ltd., Mead, Ontario, and cut. As part of its MigratoryBirds Pro- fauna. To faciliate comparisonof these particularly Mr. N. F. Melnychuk, gramme the Ontario Region of the censuseswith others,some of our vegeta- Woodlands Manager, and many other Canadian Wildlife Service is studying tion data from other studies was reworked companystaff. Without their assistance the effect of forest harvestingpractices to parallel as closely as we could the the study would have been impossible. on migratorybird populations.The fol- results from James and Shugart pro- Dr. A. J. Erskineindependently analyzed lowing22 censusesare part of that study. cedures.Our densityestimates are derived a duplicate data set for several of the The studyarea, Mildred Township,is a from a modified distance procedure high densityspecies and achievedresults privatelyowned 9 X 9 mile townshipon (Batcheler, C.L., 1973, Proc. New Zea- similar to ours; we appreciatehis assist- the northern edge of the Precambrian land Ecologicalsociety, 20: 131-147,) ance. Most of the bird censusmapping Shieldwithin the ChapleauCrown Game and consequentlythere are no frequency was conducted by Donald R. Fillman, Preserve. It is about 105 km south of measurements. In all cases the basal Sue Ellen Fast, and Peter W. Fournier, Hearst, Ontario in the Missinaibi- area estimates for whole site, species, Rip Fletcher.andFrank Brazeau helped CabongaSection (B-7)of the BorealFor- and diameter class 6, should be consid- set out the plots. Sue Ellen Fast helped est (Rowe, J.S., Forest Regions of Can- ered minimal becauseof an averaging with the preliminary interpretation of ada, Canadian ForestryService, Ottawa, procedure we used that minimizes the the maps. Ann Macaulay assistedw•th 1977) and is characterizedby gently to contribution from size class 6 (trees >10 many phasesof the studyfrom plot lay- sharply rolling terrain with generally in dbh). The estimates are included out and vegetationsurvey through assist- shallow till overburden and some alluvial because we felt the minimum values ance in the compilation of the final depositsin major river and lake basins. wouldbe preferableto none.The canopy results. The field work was completed Most uplandsforests are mixedwoodsof closure estimates are .based on 40 read- while both authors were based at Great Black Spruce(Picea mariana), White ings in each stand with a sphericalden- Lakes Forest Research Centre in Sault Spruce(Picea glauca), Balsam Fir (Abies siometer(Lemmon P.F., 1956, A special Ste. Marie, Ontario. DANIEL A balsamea),White Birch (Betula papyrif- densiometerfor estimatingforest over- WELSH, DONALD R. FILLMAN, era) and QuakingAspen (Populus trem- story density. Forest Science, 2: 314- Canadian Wildlife Service, Ontarto uloides). The lowlands are dominated by 320). Our coverestimates were made by Region, 1725 Woodward Drive, Ottawa, BlackSpruce and Larch(Larix laricina). species,not life form, hence the cover Ontario K1G 3Z7, Canada. Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) is common value for tree speciesincludes all sizes, on better drained fine-textured sed- not only fully grown trees. Our census 162. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD-24-YEAR- Iments. In Mildred Township, upland interpretation procedure generally fol- OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: forestsare all older than 200 years and lowsthe International Standard,except Ontario,Mildred Township, ca. 105 km S of Hearst; 48ø46'N, 83ø5GW; NTS map 42B/13, for grouse and woodpeckers,for which are a particularly rich exampleof the Minnipuka. Continuity:New. Size: 9 ha = mixedwood type. Forest cutting began we also allow two records within the first 22.24acres (square with 50 m flaggedgrid, set there in 1953 and the area providesa 4 censusesto count as a territory. We up with chain and compass).Description of good chronosequenceof cutting history have used "visitor" in the usual way to Plot: A mixed-agedstand of White B•rch up to the present.The censusplots are include speciesthat regularlyvisited our (Betulapapyrifera), Balsam Fir (Abiesbalsa- mea), White Spruce(Picea glauca), Black representativeof both upland and low- plots and werethought to breed in adja- Spruce(P. mariana) and Quaking Aspen land sites and span early successional cent similar habitat and also for those (Populustremuloides). The original200 year- stagesfrom 3 yearsto 24 yearsas well as speciesregularly singing on the plot but old overmatureforest was selectively logged •n
84 AmericanBirds, January 1980 1954 for large sprucewith additional removal Purple Finch, Pine Siskin, Dark-eyed Junco half o1 one survey Coverage:1978 May 30, of somegood quality White Birch and Quak- Remarks: A severeSpruce Budworm (Chorts- June4, 13, 16, 23, 27, July6, 9, between0500- ing Aspen. The development of pre-cut toneura fumiferana) infestation has resulted 0900 hours, EDT. Total man-hours: 19. Cen- advancedgrowth and subsequentregenera- in extensivetotal defoilationof many Balsam sus: Tennessee Warbler, 44 (489, 198), tion has resulted in an almost continuous Fir and White Spruce.A surveyof BalsamFir Magnolia Warbler. 15 (167, 67); White- canopy from ground to 10 m with scattered of all sizes showed 49 of 54 trees with >95% throatedSparrow, 11.5 (128, 52): Cape May 15-254 m old growth towering above. The removalof currentyear's growth. A q?Ruffed Warbler, 10.5 (117, 47): NashvilleWarbler, 7 groundcover is dominatedby large-leafAster Grousewith 5 youngwas present in late June. (78, 31): Swainsoh'sThrush, 6 (67, 27): Least (Astermacrophyllus), Bluebead Lily (Clintonia Flycatcher, 5.5 (61, 25); Hermit Thrush, 5.5, borealis), False Lily-of-the-valley•aianthe- 163. BOREAL CONIFER-24-YEAR-OLD Bay-breasted Warbler. 5.5; Black-and-white mum canadense), Naked Mitrewort (Mitella LOWLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Ontar- Warbler, 4.5 (50, 20): Red-eyedVireo, 4 (44, nuda),Rose Twisted-stalk (Streptopus roseus), io, Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of Hearst; 18): N. Waterthrush, 3.5 (39, 16); Blackburn- Barren Strawberry(Waldsteinia fragaroides), 48ø46'N,83ø5TW; NTS map 42B/13, Minni- Jan Warbler, 3 (33, 13); Yellow-belliedSap- Bluejoint(Calamagrostis canadensis), Feather puka. Continuity: New. Size: 9 ha = 22.24 sucker, 2.5; Dark-eyed Junco, 2.5: Am Moss (Pleurozium schreberi), Spinulose acres(square with 50 m flagged grid, set up Robin, 1.5; Yellow-belliedFlycatcher, 1: Sol- Woodfern (Dryopterisspinulosa), and club- with chain and compass).Description of Plot: itary Vireo, 1; Am. Redstart,1; Purple Finch, mosses.Leaf litter and logscover much of the A slightlyrolling shallow-soillowland site of 1: Alder Flycatcher,0.5. Total: 21 species, ground. The lower 3 m is crowdedby Moun- rapidly changingmoisture regimes. The dry 136.5 territorial males or females (1517/km2, tain Maple (Acer spicatum), and Beaked ridge areas are principally Black Spruce 614/100 acres). Visitors: Corn. Nighthawk, Hazel (Cor•vlus cornuta), with occasional (!¾ceamariana) and Jack Pine (!h'nusbankdana Com. Flicker.,Pileated Woodpecker,Downy clumps of SpeckledAlder (Alnus rugosa) in with occasionalWhite Birch (Betulapapyrif- Woodpecker, Blue Jay, Boreal Chickadee, small perched drainages. Small amounts of era) and Quaking Aspen(Populus tremloides) Winter Wren, Veery, Ruby-crownedKinglet, Bush Honeysuckle(Diervilla Ionicera), Wild and some lichen-coveredbedrock openings. Cedar Waxwing, N. Parula, Yellow-rumped Black Currant (Ribes hudsonianum), Red The valleys are dominatedby Black Spruce Warbler, Chestnut-sidedWarbler, Mourning Raspberry(Rubus strigosus),and Blueberry and Sphagnum mosseswith occasionalsmall Warbler, Com. Yellowthroat, Wilson's War- (Vaccinium angustifolium) also occur. (10-200m 2) ponds. The originalstand of Black bler, Canada Warbler, Rose-breasted Gros- Regenerationof tree speciesis dominatedby Spruce (85%), Jack Pine (5%), Balsam Fir beak, EveningGrosbeak, Chipping Sparrow BalsamFir with somespruce and White Birch. (Abiesbalsamea) (4%), Quaking Aspen(3%) Remarks: ACom. Merganser nest with 11 A quantitativesurvey of the treespecies gave: and White Birch (3%) was clearcut in 1954 eggs was found. Spruce budworm infestion Trees >4 in. dbh; 138 stems/acre,total basal and almost all mature conifers were removed wasextreme with all BalsamFir experiencing area 38.6 ft2/acre.Species comprising arboreal leavingonly scattered patches of Black Spruce >95% removalof currentyears growth. class White Birch, 49, 35, 44; Balsam Fir, 42, and Balsam Fir advancedgrowth and uncut 30, 31; White Spruce, 30, 22, 16; Black deciduoustrees. The ground cover is classic 164. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD-19-YEAR- Spruce, 13, 10, 5; Quaking Aspen, 4, 3, 4. dry boreal Black Spruce type with Feather OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Trees by diameter class:3 (4-6 in. dbh), 73, 53, Moss (Pleurozium shreberi), Broom Moss Ontario, Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of 10 0, 26; 4 (6-8 in. dbh), 26, 19, 6.9, 18; 5 (8-10 (Dicranium sp.), Hair-cap Moss(Polytr&hum Hearst;48ø45'N, 83ø55'W, NTS map 42B/12, m dbh), 18, 13, 8.1, 21; 6 (>10 in. dbh),21, 15, commune), Bunchberry (Cornue canadensis), GreenhillRiver. Continuity:New. Size: 9 ha = 13 5, 35. Shrub stems/acre(shrub species >20 and ReindeerLichens, particularly Cladonia 22.24acres (square with 50 m flaggedgrid, set •n ht ), 5742; saplingstems/acre (tree species mitis, and C. rangiferina.The low shrub strata up with chain and compass).Description of 20m ht. to I in. dbh), 1127; small tree stems/ is dominatedby Blueberry(Vaccinium angus- Plot: A White Birch (Betula papyrifera) acre (1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 797. Total vegetation tifolium and V. myrtilloides), Labrador Tea dominatedflat hilltopof unevenage composi- cover,83%; groundcover (excluding trees and (Ledurngroenlandicum) and Trailing Arbutus tion with denseunderstory vegetation. The shrubs), 39%; low shrub cover, 3%; tall shrubs (Epigea repens). The scattered tall shrubs original overmature stand of White Birch cover, 29%; tree cover, 12% (Balsam Fir 9%, componentis predominantlyJuneberry (Amel- (45%), Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) (19%), White Birch 2%, Black Spruce1%); canopy anchier spp.), Pin Cherry 4•runuspensylvan- White Spruce(Picea glauca) (18%), and Quak- closure,98%. Edge: Borderedon all sidesby ica), willows(Salix spp.) and Mountain Ash ing Aspen (Populustremuloides) (17%) was similar habitat for several hundred metres. (Sorbus spp.) with very occasional dense selectivelycut for largespruce in 1959.Steep Topography:Relativeley flat upperslopeand clumps of Speckled Alder (Alnue rugosa). terrainprevented removal of all but quality crestof long (3 km) N-S ridge of I km width. Tree regenerationis mostlyBlack Spruce,Bal- logsand the residual stand is stillquite heavily Terrain drops abruptly about 150 m W of sam Fir, Quaking Aspen,and White Birch. A stocked.Much of the birch hassuffered top plot Elevation: 1350 ft, ca. 150 ft abovelocal quantativesurvey of the trees speciesgave: die-backand largedead or moribundtrees are lowland. Weather: Varying 4-27øC, clear to Trees > 4 in. dbh; 77 stems/acre, total basal frequent.The densetall shrublayer has greatly overcastexcept light rain for lessthan half of area 14.7 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising the impededregeneration of treespecies. In gen- one survey,fog one day, winds nil to light. arboreal class:Black Spruce, 26, 34, 30; Bal- eral thereis verydense continuous vegetation Coverage:1978; May 30: June 5, 12, 18, 23, sam Fir, 23, 30, 26; Jack Pine, 15, 20, 22; fromground to 5 m with overdispersedmature 28, July 9, 12: between0500-1130 hrs, EDT. QuakingAspen, 7, 10, 13: White Birch, 5, 6, treesextending to 15 m. The groundcover is Total man-hours: 22.5. Census: Magnolia 9. Trees by diameter Class:3 (4-6 in. dbh), 60, dominatedby Large-leafAster (Astermacro- Warbler, 8.5 (94, 38); Swainson's Thrush, 7 78, 8.3, 56; 4 (6-8 in. dbh), 10, 13, 2.7, 18, 5 phyllus),Lady Fern (Athyriumfelix-femina), (78, 31); Red-eyedVireo, 6.5 (72, 29): Black- (8-1 0 in. dbh), 4, 6, 1.9, 13; 6 (>10 in. dbh), 3, Bristly Clubmoss(Lycopodium annotinum), and-white Warbler, 6.5; Tennessee Warbler, 4, 1.9, 13. Shrub stems/acre(shrub species GroundPine (L. obscurum),and BluebeadLily 6 5, Black-throated Green Warbler, 6 (67, 27); >20 in. ht.), 2541; Saplingstems/acre (tree (Clintonia borealis) with significantcover of Ovenbird, 6; BlackburnJan Warbler, 4.5 (50, species20 in. hr. to I in. dbh), 789; smalltrees Wild Sarsaparilla(Aralia nudicaulis),Bunch- 20), Bay-breastedWarbler, 3 (33, 13); Canada /acre (1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 312.Total vegetative berry (Cornuscanadensis ) and Starflower (Tri- Warbler 3; Cape May Warbler, 2.5; Yellow- cover,86%: groundcover excluding trees and entalisborealis). The low shrublayer is pre- belbed Sapsucker, 2: Chestnut-sided War- shrubs, 31%; low shrub cover, 40%: tall dominantlyRed Raspberry(Rubus strigosus) bler, 2; White-throated Sparrow, 2; Ruffed shrubs cover, 3%; tree cover, 12% (Black withsome Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla Ionicera). Grouse, 1.5; Black-cappedChickadee, 1.5: Spruce7%, Quaking Aspen 3%, Balsam Fir Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum) co-dom- Winter Wren, 1; PhiladelphiaVireo, 1: Nash- 1%, White Birch 1%: canopyclosure, 56%. inates the shrub layer with Beaked Hazel ville Warbler, 1: Black-throated Blue War- Edge: Surroundedon all sidesby similar veg- (Coryluscornuta) and scatteredMountain Ash bler, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; LeastFly- etation; abandonedlogging road 175 m S of (Sorbusspp.). Tree regenerationis predom- catcher,0.5: SpruceGrouse, +. Total: 23 spe- plot. Topography:Relatively flat with undu- inantly White Birch, Balsam Fir, and Quak- mes, 74.5 territorial males or females (828/ lating localrelief of _+5 m. Landsslopes very ing Aspen.A quantitativesurvey of the tree km 2, 335/100 acres). Visitors: Yellow-bellied gradually to the west. Elevation: 1250 ft; speciesgave: Trees >4 in. dbh: 94 stems/acre, Flycatcher,Alder Flycatcher,Blue Jay,Ruby- almost lowest land within immediate area. totalbasal area 41.1 ft2/acre.Species compris- crowned Kinglet, Solitary Vireo, N. Water- Weather: Varying-2-27øC; clear to overcast ing arborealclass; White Birch, 44, 47, 49; thrush,Mourning Warbler, Scarlet Tanager, on all days; light snowfor part of June 13 White Spruce,28, 30, 24; BalsamFir, 15, 16, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Evening Grosbeak, survey,winds nil to light exceptwindy for last 13; QuakingAspen, 7, 7, 13. Treesby diam-
Volume34, Number 1 85 eter class,3 (4-6 in dbh), 19, 20, 2 5, 6, 4 (6-8 (/linus rugosa)and PussyWillow (Sahx dts- PurpleFinch, 5 (56, 22), Hermit Thrush,4 (44, in. dbh), 19, 19, 4.9, 12, 5 (8-10 in. dbh), 17, color) to a mixture of Balsam Fir (Abtes balsa- 18), Cape May Warbler, 3.5 (39, 16), Alder 18, 7.4, 18; 6 (>10 in. dbh), 39, 42, 25.9, 64. mea) and Balsampoplar (Populusbalsamtfera) Flycatcher, 3 (33, 13); Chestnut-sidedWar- Shrubstems/acre (shrub species >20 in. ht.), and eventuallyWhite Spruce(Picea glauca) bler, 3; Ovenbird, 3; Ruby-crownedKinglet, 4901;sapling stems/acre (tree species 20 in. and Quaking Aspen (populustremuloides). 2.5; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 2.5; N. Water- hr. to I in. dbh), 654; small tree stems/acre The original stand of BalsamPoplar (25%), thrush,2.5; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Yellow-bellied (tree speciesI in. to 4 in. dbh), 403. Total spruce (24%), Balsam Fir (20%), Quaking Sapsucker, 1.5; Spruce Grouse, 1; Boreal vegetationcover, 157%; ground cover exclud- Aspen (17%), and White Birch (14%) was Chickadee, 1; Veery, 1; Com. Flicker, 05, ing trees and shrubs,68%; low shrub cover, selectivelycutover in 1959 with all merchant- Black-and-white Warbler, 0.5; Bay-breasted 11%; tall shrub cover, 40%; tree cover, 38% able White Spruceand some Black Spruce Warbler, 0.5; Com. Yellowthroat, 0.5, Hairy (White Birch 24%, White Spruce7%, Balsam beingremoved while still leavingthe areawell Woodpecker,+; Blue Jay, +. Total: 26 spe- Fir 5%, and Quaking Aspen2%); canopyclo- wooded.Opening of the standassociated with cies; 180.5 territorial males or females (2005/ sure, 91%. Edge: Surroundedon all sidesby cutting has resultedin an extremelydense km 2, 812/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Bittern, similarvegetation for 200 m, exceptto the SE shrub and sapling layer of two strata; an Ruffed Grouse,Downy Woodpecker,Yellow- where the land abruptly dropsto a road at 45ø almostsolid layer from 0 to 2 m and a sparser bellied Flycatcher, Olive-sided Flycatcher, to the axis of the plot. The low area is mostly layer from 2 to 5 m. The shrub and sapling Winter Wren, Am. Robin, Cedar Waxwing, White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis)with grasses layers are overtoppedby a more open third Solitary Vireo, Philadelphia Vireo, Black- and Cat-tails (Typha latifolia) in open areas. layerof trees.In additionto abundantleaf lit- throated Blue Warbler, Black-throated Green Topography:Relatively flat hill top dropping ter there is an exceptionallydiverse ground Warbler, Blackburnian Warbler, Mourning moderatelyto the NE beyondthe boundary cover of which the major components are Warbler, Wilson's Warbler, Canada Warbler, and abruptlyto a small valley SE of the plot. Wood Anemone (Anemone quinquefolia), Red-winged Blackbird, Rusty Blackbird, Elevation: 1375 ft; ca. 150 ft above local low- Goldthread (Coptisgroenlandicum), Bunch- Scarlet Tanager, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, land. Weather: Varying 8-22øC; generally berry (Comuscanadensis), False Lily-of-the- Pine Grosbeak, Lincoln's Sparrow, Swamp clear exceptlight rain on secondsurvey; winds valley (Maianthemumcanadensis), Starflower Sparrow. Remarks: The rich and abundant nil to light exceptheavy gusts on latter half of (Trientalisborealia'), violets (Viola spp.),Blue- avifauna parallelsthe highly productiveand July 12 census.Coverage: 1978; May 25; June joint (Calamogrotiscanadensis), Reindeer diverseplant community. High Spruce Bud- 2, 13, 18, 27, 29; July 12, 14; between0500- Lichen (Cladonia rangeferina), Sphagnum worm density;as indicatedby the fact that all 1115 hrs., EDT. Total man-hours: 22. Cen- mosses, Oak Fern (Dryopteris disjuncta), 54 Balsam Fir of 2-7 in. dbh sampledhad at sus: Black-throated Green Warbler, 19.5 (217. SpinuioseWoodfern fiD. spinulosa), and Carex least 75% of current year'sgrowth removed, IS 88); Black-throated Blue Warbler, 11.5 (128, vaginata. The low shrub layer is also diverse undoubtedlya major factorin the highdensity 52); Red-eyedVireo, 9 (100, 40); Magnolia containing Red Osier Dogwood (Comus sto- of Tennessee Warblers and presumably Warbler, 9; Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 6.5 (72, lonifera),Creeping Snowberry (Gaultheria his- accountsfor the presenceand high numbers 29); Ovenbird, 6.5; Black-and-whiteWarbler, pidula), LabradorTea (Ledurngroenlandicum), of severalother species. 4.5 (50, 20): TennesseeWarbler, 4 (44, 18): Buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia), Swamp Red MourningWarbler, 4; Swainson'sThrush, 3.5 Currant (Ribes triste), Prickly Rose (Rosa 166. BOREAL CONIFER-19-YEAR-OLD (39, 16); BlackburnJan Warbler, 3: Ruffed acicularis), Dwarf Blackberry (Rubus pube- LOWLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Ontar- Grouse, 3 (33, 13); Cape May Warbler, 2; scens),Red Raspberry(R. strigosus)and Blue- io, Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of Hearst, Canada Warbler, 1.5; Yellow-bellied Sap- berry (Vacciniummyrtilloides). Tree regenera- 48ø45'N,83ø55'W, NTS map 42B/13, Minm- sucker, 1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Veery, tion is mostlyBalsam Fir with small numbers puka. Continuity.- New. Size: 9 ha = 22 24 1; NashvilleWarbler, 1; N. Parula. 1; Scarlet of Black Spruce,White Spruce,and Quaking acres(square with 50 m flagged grid, set up Tanager, 1; Purple Finch, +. Total: 21 spe- Aspen.A quantitativesurvey of the tree spe- with chain and compass).Description of Plot: cies: 94 territorial males or tkmales (1044/ ciesgave: Trees >4 in. dbh; 155 stems/acre, LowlandBlack Spruce (P[cea mariana) swamp km 2, 423/100 acres). Visitors: Hairy Wood- total basal area 40.0 ft2/acre. Speciescompos- with scatteredbog patches.The presentstand pecker,Downy Woodpecker, Alder Flycatcher, ing the tree class:Black Spruce,48, 31, 24; of youngBlack Sprucewith scatteredE Cedar LeastFlycatcher, Blue Jay, Red-breasted Nut- Balsam Fir, 44, 28, 18; White Birch, 39, 25, (Thuja occidentalia')and Latch (Larix [artctna) hatch, Am. Robin, Cedar Waxwing. Philadel- 21; Quaking Aspen, 19, 12, 27; BalsamPop- originatedfrom advancegrowth and regenera- phia Vireo, Yellow-rumped Warbler, Bay- lar, 4, 2, 7; White Spruce, 2, 2, 3. Trees by tion following clearcutting of the original breasted Warbler, N. Waterthrush. Rose- diameter class:3 (4-6 in. dbh), 96, 61, 12.8, 32: standin 1959.Tree growth is in patchesInter- breastedGrosbeak, Evening Grosbeak, Dark- 4 (6-8 in. dbh), 27, 17, 7.2, 18; 5 (8-10 in. dbh), spersedwith open bog and heath, Pitcher eyed Junco, White-throated Sparrow, Lin- 9, 6, 3.6, 10; 6 (>10 in. dbh), 24, 16, 16.0, 40,. Plants (Sarraceniapurpurea) and orchidsare coln's Sparrow. Remarks: A Ruffed Grouse Shrubstems/acre (shrub species >20 in. ht.), common.The ground coveris dominatedby hen with 4 chickswas present.The combina- 6896; sapling stems/acre(tree species20 in. Sphagnummosses and Feather Moss(Pleuro- tion of a heavy shrub layer released after ht. to 1 in. dbh), 3703; small tree stems/acre zium schreberi) with Goldthread (Coptus selectivecutting and a number of tall White (tree species1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 1611. Total groenlandicum), Bunchberry (Cornua cana- Spruceand deciduoustree residualsprovides vegetativecover, 138%; ground coverexclud- densis), Twinflower (Linnaea borealia'), Blue- good habitat for both Black-throatedGreen ing trees and shrubs, 41%; low shrub cover, joint (Calamagrostis canadensis). violets Warblers and Black-throated Blue Warblers. 23%; tall shrub cover 20%; tree cover, 54% (Viola spp.) and Carex vaginata adding s•gnff- The high number of the latter species is (Balsam Fir 35%, White Birch 8%, Black icant cover.The low shrub layer of Leatherleaf uncommon in the area. The co-occurrence of Spruce9%, Quaking Aspen2%); canopyclo- (Chamaedaphnecalyculata), Creeping Snow- several other species not usually found sure,80%. Edge: Black Sprucelowland bog to berry (Gaultheria hispidula), Swamp Laurel together in abundancecan also be attributed N and W, similar but dryer vegetationto E for (Kahnia polifolia), Labrador Tea (Ledurn to the mix of selectivelycut patches,uncut 150 m, and a large beaverpond and creek 75 groenlandicum), Dwarf Blackberry (Rubus clumpsand denseunderstory. m S of the boundary.Topography: Relatively pubescens),and Small Cranberry (Vacctmum flat with local minor depressions,plot rises oxycoccus)dominates the vegetation.The tall 165. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD-19-YEAR- gradually(1.Sm) from its lowestpoint in NW shrub layer is principally Glandular Buch OLD LOWER SLOPE CUTOVER. -- Loca- corner to highest on the E edge. Elevation: (Betula glandulosa) with scattered willows tion: Ontario, Mildred Township,ca. 105 km About 1190 ft. Weather: Generally clear with (Sallx spp.) and Speckled Alder (Alnus S of Hearst; 48ø45'N, 83ø54'W,NTS map 42B occasionalcloud, light intermittentrain on sec- rugosa). Tree regeneration is mostly Black /13, Minnipuka. Continuity:New. Size: 9 ha ond survey,wind nil to slight exceptstrong on Sprucewith a few BalsamFir (Abiesbcdsamea), = 22.24 acres(elongate type with a 50 m flagged last survey, temperature 0-22øC. Coverage: Latch and cedar. A quantitative surveyof grid, set up with chain and compass).Descrip- 1978: May 25, 28; June4, 15, 24; July 7, 9, 11; trees>4 in. diam. wasimpractical due to their tion of plot: A rich and diverse ecotonal area between 0440-1100, EDT. Total: 20 man- very low density. A plot count (36 mfi acre betweenBlack Spruce (Picea mariana) low- hours. Census: TennesseeWarbler, 71.5 (794, plots) indicated about 28 stems/acrewith a land and mixedwoodupland. A moderately 321); Magnolia Warbler, 22.5 (250, 101); high error estimate. Most are in size class 3 decreasingmoisture gradient from W to E is White-throatedSparrow, 22 (244, 99): Swain- (4-6 in. dhb). Shrubstems/acre (shrub specms apparent in a gradual change from Black son's Thrush, 14.5 (161, 65); Nashville War- > 20 in. ht.), 9413; saplingsstems/acre (tree Spruce and open-grownlarge SpeckledAlder bler, 7 (78, 31); Least Flycatcher,5.5 (61, 25): species20 in. ht. to I in. dbh), 2076; small tree
86 AmericanBirds, January 1980 stems/acre(tree species 1 in to 4 in dbh), 178 White Birch, and Balsam Fir •n the small tree scatteredlarge White Birch (Betulapapyrifern) Total vegetatwe cover, 120%, ground cover strata A quantitativesurvey of the vegetatmn and Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera) excludingtrees and shrubs,64%; low shrub gave: Trees >4 in. diam.; 60 stems/acre,total with some small patches of Black Spruce cover,32%; tall shrubscover, 13%; trees, 11% basal area 27.1 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising advanced growth. The combination of an cover(Black Spruce 10%, Larch 1%); canopy the arboreal class: White Birch, 33, 55, 61; ceptionaldegree of disturbanceduring cutting closure,9%. Edge: Surroundedon the W and White Spruce,14, 23, 21; Quaking Aspen,8, activities particularly from landings and the N by similarhabitat and on the S by an only 14, 12; Black Spruce,4, 7, 4; BalsamFir, 1, 2, roads,and the ecotonalposition of the sitehas partially cutover cedar and Black Spruce 2. Treesby diameterclass: 3 (4-6 in. dbh), 15, resultedin a very patchy and immenselyrich swamp; edge abuts Census165. Topography: 24, 1.9, 7; 4 (6-8 in. dbh), 8, 13, 2.2, 8; 5 (8-10 sit. The almost totally closed lower strata Flat Elevation: About 1185 ft; lowestland in in. dbh), 8, 14, 3.8, 14; 6 (>10 in. dbh), 29, 49, below2 m opensvery quickly between 2 to 5 m immediate area. Weather: Generally clear 19.3, 71. Shrubstems/acre (shrub species >20 and thereis verylittle developmentof an upper exceptfog on onesurvey, varying 020øC; winds in. ht.), 9725; saplingstems/acre (tree species strata above 5 m. The ground cover is dom- nil to light exceptlast survey.Coverage: 1978: 20 in. ht. to 1 in. dbh), 1603; small tree stems/ inatedby Earge-leafAster (Aster macrophyllus), May 25; June 5, 15, 17, 24; July 7, 9, 11; acre (treespecies 1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 356. Total Bluebell •ertensia paniculata), Bluejoint between 0430-1100 hrs, EDT. Total: 20 man- vegetativecover, 144%; ground cover exclud- (Calamagrotiscanadensis), Plum Moss(Hylo- hours Census: TennesseeWarbler, 61 (678, ing trees and shrubs, 63%; low shrub cover, comium splendens),Feather Moss (Pleurozium 274), White-throatedSparrow, 23 (256, 103); 10%; tall shrub cover, 43%; and tree cover schreberi),Carex vaginata, Com. Horsetad Corn Yellowthroat,22 (244,99); Alder Flycatch- 28% (Balsam Fir 8%, White Birch 6%, White (Equisetumarvense) with significantcover of er, 18 (200, 81); Magnolia Warbler, 12.5 (139, Spruce10%, QuakingAspen 4%); canopyclo- Bunchberry(Cornus canadensis), Wild Straw- 56), Lincoln's Sparrow, 12 (133, 54); Swain- sure, 78%. Edge: Surroundedon all sidesby berry (Frogariavirginiana), Twinflower (Idnnea son's Thrush, 6 (67, 27); Nashville Warbler, similar habitat for several hundred metres. borealis), Naked Mitrewort pitella nuda), 4 5 (50, 20); N. Waterthrush, 4 (44, 18); Least Topography: Hilltop with relatively little Black Snakeroot (Sanicula marilandica) and Flycatcher3.5 (39, 16); Yellow-rumpedWar- relief, droppingmoderately to E just beyond Starflower (Triental& boreal&). The dense low bler, 2 5; Hermit Thrush, 2; Ruby-crowned the plot. Elevation: 1300 ft, ca. 150 ft above shrub layer is mostly Meadow Rose (Rosa Kinglet,2; CapeMay Warbler,2; PurpleFinch, local lowland. Weather: Varying-2-22øC, blanda), Swamp Red Currant (Ribes triste), 1 5, Wilson's Warbler, 1. Total: 16 species; windsnil to light, clear and sunnyon all days Bristly Black Currant (R. lacustre), Dwarf 177 5 territorial males and females (1972/km 2, except the first which had intermittent rain, Blackberry(Rubus pubescens) with some Red 798/100 acres).Visitors: Yellow-belliedSap- sometimesheavy. Coverage: 1978: June 4, 10, Raspberry(R. strigosus),Red Osier Dogwood sucker, Hairy Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied 15, 19, 27; July 1, 5, 12; between0450-1130 (Cornusstolonifera), Hairy Honeysuckle(Lon- Flycatcher, Blue Jay, Boreal Chickadee,Win- hrs, EDT. Total: 27.5 man-hours. Census: icerahirsuta) and Black Honeysuckle(L. invo- ter Wren, Cedar Waxwing, Solitary Vireo, Magnolia Warbler, 11 (122, 49); Chestnut- lucrata). Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum) Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, sidedWarbler, 10.5(117, 47); Red-eyedVireo, and Beaked Hazel (Coryluscornuta) co-dom- Chestnut-sidedWarbler, Scarlet Tanager, 9.5 (106,43); Veery,6.5 (72, 29); Ovenbird,5.5 inate the shrub layer with occasionalpatches Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Pine Siskin,Chipping (61, 25); Black-and-white Warbler, 4 (44, 18); of SpeckledAlder (Alnusrugosa) and willows Sparrow, Swamp Sparrow. Remarks: One Black-throated Blue Warbler, 3.5 (39, 16); •alix spp.). Tree regenerationis dominated Magnolia Warbler nestfound. The bird com- Am. Redstart,3.5; Mourning Warbler, 3 (33, by Balsam Fir and Black Spruce with scat- mumty is typicalof wet boreallowlands in the 13); Canada Warbler, 3; Ruffed Grouse, 2.5; tered White Spruce,E. Cedar (Thuja occiden- area exceptthat the high number of Tennes- TennesseeWarbler, 2; Scarlet Tanager, 1.5; talis), Latch (Larix laricina), White Birch, and seeWarblers and severalother species appears Wood Thrush, 1; Blackburnian Warbler, 1; BalsamPoplar. A quantitativesurvey of trees to be a reflection of their success in surround- Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Evening Gros- gave: Trees >4 in. dbh; 98 stems/acre, total lng lowerslope sites. beak, 1; Yellow-belliedSapsucker, 0.5. Total: basal area 26.1 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising 18 species;70.5 territorial males or females arboreal class; Black Spruce, 52, 53, 30, 167. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD-17-YEAR- (783/km 2, 317/100 acres). Visitors: Downy White Spruce,13, 14, 12; E. Cedar. 9, 20; Bal- OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Woodpecker,Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Alder sam Poplar, 9, 9, 20; Balsam Fir, 8, 8, 9, Ontario, Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of Flycatcher,Blue Jay, Red-breastedNuthatch, White Birch, 7, 7, 9. Treesby diameter class;3 Hearst, 48ø4TN, 83ø50'W,NTS map 42B/13, Brown Creeper, Swainson'sThrush, Solitary (4-6 in. dbh), 42, 43, 5.5, 21:4 (6-8 in. dbh), Mmmpuka. Continuity: New. Size: 9 ha = Vireo, Philadelphia Vireo, Warbling Vireo, 35, 36, 8.9, 35; 5 (8-10 in. dbh), 7, 7, 2.9, 11:6 22 24 acres(square with 50 m flaggedgrid, set No.shville Warbler, Cape May Warbler,Yellow- (>10 in. dbh), 14, 14, 8.6, 33. Shrub stems/ up with chain and compass).Description of rumpedWarbler, Black-throatedGreen War- acre (shrubspecies >20 in. ht.), 6847; sapling Plot:A flat uplandcrest site totally dominated bier, Purple Finch, White-throated Sparrow. stems/acre(tree species 20 in. ht. to 1 in. dbh), by dense Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum) Remarks:This is oneof the mostdensely veg- 2108;small trees stems/acre (tree species 1 in and Beaked Hazel (Coryluscornuta) released etatedplots surveyed. The underbrushreduced to 4 in. dbh), 688. Total vegetativecover, by the openingof the standwhen it wasselec- visibility to 2 m in most areas. Spruce Bud- 203%; groundcover excluding tree and shrub tively cut in 1961. The original overmature worm has removedmuch of the current year's species,99%: low shrub cover,47%; tall shrub stand of QuakingAspen (Populus tremuloides) growth on half of the Balsam Fir and their lar- cover,25%; and tree speciescover, 32% (Bal- (34%),White Birch(Betula papyriJ•ra), (22%), vae undoubtedlycontribute somewhatto the sam Fir 16%, Black Spruce8%, BalsamPop- White Spruce(Picea glauca) (20%),Jack Pine richnessof the avifaunabut proportionately lar 6%, White Spruce1%, White Spruce 1%), OOmu* banksiana) (11%), Balsam Fir (Abies Balsam Fir is not an important species.The canopyclosure, 66%. Edge: Rapidly changing balaamea)(8%), and Black SpruceOOicea mar- structure of the bird communityprinicpally to drier more deciduousupland to W and wet- tana) (5%) had most of the conifers removed reflectsthe combinationof the heavy decid- ter Black Spruceswamp (Census169) to the leaving a tall (25 m) open, predominantly uousshrub layer and a super-imposedarbor- E. Similarvegetation on N and S sides.Topog- deciduousstand with heavyyoung tree growth eal strata. A Rose-breasted Grosbeak and a raphy: Gently sloping to the E. Elevation: in the mid strata and an almost solid lower Magnolia Warbler nestwere found. 1200 ft. ca. 5-10 ft above local lowland strata below 5 m. Ground cover is mostly Weather: Temperature ranged from 2-22øC, Large-leaf Aster (Aster macrophyllus)and 168. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD-17-YEAR- winds nil to light, light rain on part of first Bluebead Lily (Clintoniaborealis) with Wild OLD LOWER SLOPE CUTOVER. -- Loca- survey. Coverage: 1978: May 29: June 5, 10, Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), Three- tion: Ontario, Mildred Township,ca. 105 km 14, 28; July 1; between0500-1045 hrs, EDT flowered Bedstraw (Gallurn trifiorum), Rose S of Hearst;48ø47'N, 83ø49'W, NTS map 42B Total: 20 man-hours. Census: Tennessee War- Twisted-stalk(Streptopus roseus), Wood Reed /13, Minnipuka. Continuity:New. Size: 9 ha bler, 55.5 (617,250): White-throated Sparrow, (Cmna latiJblia), Interrupted Fern (Osmunda = 22.24acres (elongate type with a 50 m flagged 19 (211, 85); NashvilleWarbler, 18.5 (206, 83), claytoniana)and Bracken (Pteridiu•naguilini- grid, set up with chainand compass).Descrip- Magnolia Warbler, 16 (178, 72); Swainson's ntum) The poorlydeveloped low shrub layer is tion of Plot: A predominatlyconiferous rich Thrush,5 (56, 22); LeastFlycatcher. 4 (44, 18), mostlyRed Raspberry(Rubus strigosus), with lowerslope site with high plant diversity.The Winter Wren, 4; Chestnut-sided Warbler. 3.5 some Dwarf Blackberry (R. pubescens)and original site of Black SpruceOOicea mariana) (39. 16); Purple Finch, 3.5; Cape May War- BmstlyBlack Currant (Ribes lacustre). Tree (75%) and Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) (18%), bler, 3 (33, 13); Black-and-white Warbler, 2, regenerationis mostlyBalsam Fir and White with small amountsof severalother tree spe- Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 2; Alder Flycatcher, B•rchm the saplingstate and QuakingAspen, cieswas almosttotally cut in 1961 leavingvery 1.5; Red-eyedVireo, 1.5; Mourning Warbler,
Volume34, Number 1 87 1 5, Com Fhckei, 1, Yellow-bellied Sap- dbh), 30, 27, 7 9, 35, 5 (8-10 in dbh), 8, 7, 3 4, berry (Rubusstrtgosus) and SwampRed Cur- sucker, 1, Yellow-belhed Flycatcher, 1, 15, 6 (>10 in. dbh). 2, 2, 1.6, 7. Shrub stems/ rant (Rtbes trtste) dominatethe sparselow Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 1; Hermit Thrush, acre (shrubspecies >20 in. hr.), 7644; sapling shrub layer. The tall shrub layer is mostly 0.5. Total: 20 species;145 territorial males or stems/acre(tree species 20 in. ht. to I in. dbh), Mountain Maple and BeakedHazel vath fre- females (1611/km 2, 652/100 acres). Visitors: 1209; small tree stems/acre(tree species1 in. quent clumpsof Red Elderberry(Sambucus Spruce Grouse, Gray Jay, Blue Jay, Am. to 4 in. dbh), 194. Total vegetative cover, opulus).A quantitativesurvey of the trees Robin, Wood Thrush, Veery, Orange-crowned 157%;ground cover excluding tree and shrub gave:Trees >4 in. dbh; 86 stems/acre,total Warbler, Black-throatedBlue Warbler, Bay- species.72%; low shrubs cover, 42%; tall basal area 42.3 ft2/acre. Speciescomprising breasted Warbler, Ovenbird, N. Waterthrush, shrubs,27%; and tree species,16% (Black largetree class:White Birch,35, 41, 46, Bal- Corn. Yellowthroat, Canada Warbler, Am. Spruce8%, Larch 3%, Cedar 3%, BalsamFir samPoplar, 32, 37, 35; White Spruce,17, 22, Redstart, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Evening 2%); canopyclosure, 40%. Edge: Surrounded 19.Trees by diameterclass: 3 (4-6 in. dbh), 16, Grosbeak. Lincoln's Sparrow. Remarks: One on N and S by similar habitat for at least 500 19, 2.1, 5; 4 (6-8 in. dbh), 13, 15, 3.4, 8; 5(8-10 of the most striking aspectsof this site is the m. Abuts Plot 168 to W and very similar hab- in. dbh), 5, 6, 2.1, 6; 6 (>10 in. dbh), 52, 60, extensive Balsam Fir regeneration which itat to the E. Topography: Essentiallyfiat. 34.3, 81. Shrubstems/acre (shrub species >20 seemspresent almost everywhere.After a slow Elevation: Approximately 1190ft; lowestland in. ht), 7519; saplingstems/acre (tree species start in May and early June the Spruce Bud- in immediate area. Weather: Temperature 20 in. ht. to 1 in. dbh), 482; small tree stems/ worm quicklydevegetated all denseregenerat- rangedfrom -2-22øC, winds nil to light with acre(tree species 1 in. to 4 in. dbh),728 Total ing stands. Of 196 Balsam Fir trees sampled rain on part of 2 surveys.Coverage: 1978: May vegetationcover, 123%; ground coverexclud- from 2.5 to 20 cm dbh, 191 had more than 29; June 5, 15, 18, 28; July 2, 4-5; between ing trees and shrubs,30%; low shrub cover, 95% of their current year's growth removed 0500-1200 hrs, EDT. Total: 19 man-hours. 21%; tall shrub cover, 47%; and tree cover, and a large percentagewere totally defoliated. Census: TennesseeWarbler, 25.5 (283, 115); 25% (BalsamPoplar 18%, White Birch 4%, The high number of individualsand speciesis White-throated Sparrow, 24 (267, 108); Mag- Balsam Fir 2%, White Spruce 1%); canopy due to the combination of complex habitat nolia Warbler. 7.5 (83, 34); Nashville Warbler, closure,99ø70. Edge: Surroundedon all s•des and Spruce Budworm. Nests found include 6 (67, 27);Cape May Warbler,6; Lea.stFlycatch- by similar habitat except for a loggingroad White-throatedSparrow and Corn. Merganser. er, 4 (44,18); Alder Flycatcher, 3.5 (39, cut throughthe area about30 m N of the plot. Purple Finch, 3 (33, 13); Hermit Thrush, 2.5; Topography:Flat hilltop droppinggradually 169. BOREAL CONIFER-17-YEAR-OLD Lincoln's Sparrow, 2.5; Wilson's Warbler, 2; to the E beyondthe boundary.Elevation: 1250 LOWLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Ontar- SwainsoWsThrush, 1.5; Yellow-bellied Fly- ft, ca. 100 ft above local lowland. Weather: io, Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of Hearst; catcher, 1; Winter Wren, 1; Ruby-crowned Temperaturesvarying from 2-30øC,winds llll 48ø4TN,83ø49'W, NTS map 42B/13, Minni- Kinglet, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; Corn. to light exceptmoderate on latter half of last puka. Continuity: New. Size: 9 ha = 22.24 Yellowihroat, 0.5; Swamp Sparrow, 0.5. survey,mostly clear to slight overcastexcept acres(square with SOm flaggedgrid, set up Total: 18 species;93 territorial males or intermittentheavy rain on 1 survey.Coverage with chain and compass).Description of Plot: females (1033/km 2, 418/100 acres). Visitors: 1978:May 23; June2, 14, 19, 25, 28; July 11-12; A flat lowland valley with a small creek Com. Snipe, Black-billed Cuckoo, Cedar between 0500-1030 hrs, EDT. Total man- through the centre and open water (100 m•) Waxwing, Black-throated Green Warbler, hours: 19.5. Census: Black-throated Green above a beaver dam at the bottom (E) end. Palm Warbler, N. Waterthrush, Mourning Warbler, 18.5 (206, 83); Magnolia Warbler, The original Black Spruce (Picea rnariana) Warbler, Le Conte'sSparrow. Remarks: The 16.5 (183, 74); Chestnut-sidedWarbler, 15 stand has been replaced,following clearcut- less complex vegetation of this Speckled (167,67); Red-eyedVireo, 11 (122,49); Mourn- ting, by dense SpeckledAlder (Alnus rugosa) Alder-Black Sprucelowland in comparisonto ing Warbler,9 (100, 40);Ovenbird, 8 (89, 36), with only scatteredregenerating trees except the adjacent lower slope is dramatically Black-throated Blue Warbler, 7.5 (83, 34), alongthe drainageway where a stringof small reflected in the reduced abundance and rich- Yellow-belliedSapsucker, 3 (33, 13); Black- Latch (Larix laricina) parallelsthe creek.The nessof the avifauna. Although Balsam Fir is burnJan Warbler, 3; Canada Warbler, 2 5, vegetationis almost totally closedbelow 2 m not common it has still suffered serious defoli- Veery, 2; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 2; Ruffed but thins rapidly with only scatteredgrowth iation (of 86 trees from 5 to 20 cm dbh 79 had Grouse, 1.5; Tennessee Warbler, 1.5; Least aboveS m. The groundcover is mostlySphag- >95% removalof currentyear's growth). Flycatcher, 1; SwainsoWsThrush, 1; Yellow- nurn mosses and Bluejoint (Calarnagrostis rumpedWarbler, 1; Bay-breastedWarbler, 1, canadensis)reflecting respectively the original 170. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD - 13 YEAR Purple Finch, 1; White-throatedSparrow, 1, site type and the disturbancedue to cutting. OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Winter Wren, 0.5. Total: 21 species;107 5 ter- Additional important species are Naked Ontario; Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of ritorial males or females (1194/km 2, 483/100 Mitrewort (Mitella nuda), Three-leafed Solo- Hearst;48ø44'N, 83ø52'W, NTS map 42B/12, acres).Visitors: Hairy Woodpecker,Downy mon's Seal (Srnilacina trifolia), Twinflower Greenhill River. Continuity:New. Size: 9 ha = Woodpecker,Blue Jay, Black-cappedChmk- (Linnea borealis). Feather Moss (Pleuroziurn 22.24acres (square with 50 m flaggedgrid, set adee, Red-breasted Nuthatch, Am. Robin, schreberi),Hair-cap Moss (Polytrichurnjuni- up with chain and compass).Description of Hermit Thrush, Solitary Vireo, Philadelphia perurn), and Two-seededSedge (Carex dia19erma). Plot: A White Birch (Betula papyrifera) and Vireo, Black-and-white Warbler, Nashville The rich low shrub layer is mostlyLabrador Balsam Poplar (Populusbalsamifera) dom- Warbler, N. Parula, Cape May Warbler, N Tea (Ledurngroenlandicum) and Red Rasp- inated upland cutover with dense Mountain Waterthrush, Wilson's Warbler, Am Red- berry (Rubusstrigosus) with Red Osier Dog- Maple (Acer spicatum)and Beaked Hazel start, Scarlet Tanager, Evening Grosbeak wood (Comus stolonifera),Creeping Snow- (Coryluscornuta) understory. All mature con- Remarks: Balsam Poplar is a lowland, rmh berry (Gaultheria hispidula), Bush Honey- ifer was removedfrom the original stand of soil speciesin most of the boreal. Its occur- suckle (Dietvilla Ionicera), Bristly Black Cur- White Spruce•cea glauca)(33%), White Birch reneeon upland sitesin Mildred TownshipIs rant (Ribeslacustre), Swamp Red Currant (24%), Balsam Fir (Abies balsainca) (22%), associatedwith the presenceof a well devel- triste), Meadow Rose (Rosa blanda), Prickly and Balsam Poplar (21%) in 1965. Cutting oped, almost impervioushardpan 1 to 2 m Rose(R. acicularis),Dwarf Blackberry(Rubus released the already well developedshrub belowthe surface.The MountainMaple and pubestens)and Blueberry(Vacciniurn angust- layer resultingin a dense2 to S m lower strata Beaked Hazel shrub layer is so densethat •t tfoliurn).The tall shrublayer is almosttotally and an open deciduousarboreal layer. The forms a totally closedcanopy which effectively SpeckledAlder with occasionalclumps of wil- limited tree regeneration is predominantly eliminates tree regeneration. This seemsto low (Salix spp.).The limited tree regeneration smalltrees already established at cuttingtime result in a successionaldead end, for at least is mostlyBlack Sprucewith somebalsam Fir with some subsequentseeding-in of White the foreseeable future. The Black-throated (Abiesbalsarnea), Latch and E. Cedar (Thuja Spruce and Balsam Fir in the clearings Green Warbler appears to be utilizing the occidentalis).A quantitativesurvey of trees aroundblowdowns. The groundcover is dom- large deciduoustrees in a similar manner to gave: Trees >4 in. dbh; 110 stems/acre, total inatedby large Leaf Aster(Aster macrophyllus) spruceon siteswhere they normallybreed It basal area 22.5 ft2/acre.Species comprising with significantcover of Three-floweredBed- is likely that they are a residualspecies from the arboreal class;Latch, 50, 45, 20; Balsam straw (Galium trifiorum), Rose Twisted-stalk the pre-cnt period. Fir, 25, 23, 27; Black Spruce,21, 19, 32; E. (Streptopusroseus), Bluejoint (Calamagrostis Cedar, 12, 11, 21; Balsam Poplar (Populus canadensi•),Bluebead Lily (CY/ntordabomali•), 171. BOREAL CONIFER-13-YEAR-OLD balsarnifera),2, 0.3, 1. Trees by diameter Wild Sarsasparilla(Aralia nudicaulus),and LOWLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Ontar- class;3 (4-6 in dbh), 70, 64, 9.7, 43; 4 (6-8 in. F'u'eweed(Epilobium angustifolium). Red Rasp- io; Mildred Township,ca. 105km S of Hearst,
88 AmericanBirds, January 1980 48ø44'N,83ø51'W, NTS map 42B/12, Green- Tanager, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, Chipping and dropping more abruptly 150 m beyond hill River Continuity: New Size: 9 ha = 22 24 Sparrow, Swamp Sparrow Remarks: The the boundary Elevation:1250 ft, and ca 75 ft acres(elongate type with 50 m flaggedgrid, set mixture of Black Spruceand Jack Pine is a abovelocal lowland.Weather: Temperatures up with chain and compass).Description of common boreal forest association on flat allu- varyingfrom 0-20øC,wdads nil to light, clear Plot: A flat lowland valley originally dom- vial deposits.In this lowlandsite with a high to slightovercast except light rain on 3 days mated by Black Spruce(Picea rnariana) in water table the Jack Pine occursonly on the Coverage:1978: May 23; June2, 5, 10, 14, 18, wetter areas and Jack Pine (Pinus bankdana) better drained ridges.It is notablethat none 24; July2; between0435-1000 hrs, EDT. Total on slightlydrier crossridges. The original of the regeneratingBalsam Fir showedsigns man-hours: 22. Census: Chestnut-sided War- stand(Black Spruce75%, JackPine 25%) was of budworm infestation yet the Tennessee bler, 36.5 (406, 164);Red-eyed Vireo, 10 (111, dearcut in 1965 leaving no large trees. The Warbler populationis almostas high as on 45); Am. Redstart, 9.5 (106, 43); White- site is presentlydominated by SpeckledAlder dense Spruce Budworm sites. A Spruce throated Sparrow,6.5 (72, 29); Veery, 6 (67, (Alnusrugosa) with regeneratingJack Pine on Grousewith 8 youngwas present during the 27); MagnoliaWarbler, 5.5 (61, 25); Mourn- the low ridges.The structureof the standis a latter half of June. ing Warbler, 5.5; Yellow-belliedSapsucker, singlealmost solid stratum to 2 m with only a 4.5 (50, 20); TennesseeWarbler, 4 (44, 18), few stemsprotruding above the shrublayer. 172. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD-11-YEAR- Black-and-whiteWarbler, 2.5; Ovenbird, 2.5, Ground coveris mostlySphagnum mosses and OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Ruffed Grouse, 2; Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, BlueJoint (Calamagrostiscanadensis), with Ontario;Mildred Township,ca. 105km S of 1.5; Corn. Flicker, 1; Alder Flycatcher, 1, Naked Mittewort (Mirella nuda), Wood Hearst;48ø44'N, 83ø53'W, NTS map 42B/12, Least Flycatcher, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Black- Anenome (Anenome quinquefolia), Mnium GreenhillRiver. Continuity:New. Size:9 ha = throated Blue Warbler, 1; Black-throated spp, Three-leavedSolomon's Seal (Srnilacina 22.24acres (square with 50 m flaggedgrid, set Green Warbler, 1; Canada Warbler, 1; Rose- trtfoha),Fireweed (Epilobiurn angustifolium), up with chain and compass).Description of breasted Grosbeak, 1; Nashville Warbler, 0.5 and Carexstrlcta. The low shrublayer is Lab- Plot: A predominantlyhardwood hilltop dom- Total: 22 species;105 territorial males or rador Tea (Ledurngroenlandicum), Red Osier inatedby denseWhite Birch(Betu/a papyr/fera) females (1167/km 2, 472/100 acres). Visitors: Dogwood(Comus stolonifera),Fly Honey- and Quaking Aspen (Populustremuloides) Am. Kestrel,Downy Woodpecker, Olive-sided suckle(Lonicera villosa), Smooth Gooseberry with patchesof BalsamPoplar (P. balsamifera) Flycatcher,Black-capped Chickadee, Red- (Rtbes hirtellum), Swamp Red Currant (R. and Black Spruce(Picea mariana). Release of breastedNuthatch, Winter Wren, Am. Robin, trtste), Dwarf Blackberry (Rubus pubescens), understorygrowth following opening of the Hermit Thrush, Swainson'sThrush, Ruby- and Red Raspberry(R. strigosus).The tall canopyby selectivecutting of conifersin 1967 crownedKinglet, SolitaryVireo, Philadelphia shrub layer is almost totally SpeckledAlder has resultedin a dense3 m high Mountain Vireo, Warbling Vireo, N. Parula, Cape May with occasionalclumps of willow(Salix spp.) Maple (Acer spicatum) and Beaked Hazel Warbler, Bay-breasted Warbler, Wilson's and a few Juneberry(Amelanchier spp.). Tree (Coryluscomuta) shrub layer. Logging removed Warbler, ScarletTanager, Evening Grosbeak, regenerationis mostlyBlack Spruceand Bal- abouthalf of the originalstand (White Birch PurpleFinch, Lincoln's Sparrow. Remarks: A sam Fir (Abies balsamea) with some Jack 29%, Balsam Fir (Abies balsarnea) 23%, very similar siteto Census170 exceptfor the Pine,Latch (Larix laricina),E. Cedar(Thuja White Spruce(Picea glauca) 22%, Quaking much more patchy and youngervegetation occtdentalis),Quaking Aspen (Populus trernu- Aspen9%, Black Spruce8%) leavinga patch- There is no obviousSpruce Budworm on the lotdes)and BalsamPoplar (P. balsamifera).A work of small conifersand large deciduous site. quantitativesurvey of the vegetationshowed trees.Tree regenerationparallels the composi- no largetrees. Shrub stems/acre (shrub spe- tion of the standwith QuakingAspen, White 173. BOREAL CONIFER-11-YEAR-OLD cies>20 in. ht.), 7916;sapling stems/acre (tree Birch, and BalsamPoplar dominating except LOWLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Ontar- species20 in. ht. to 1 in. dbh), 1093;small tree for heavyrecent seeding in of BalsamFir (10 io; Mildred Township,ca. 105km S of Hearst, stems/acre(tree species 1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 380. cm - 50 cm ht.). Groundcover is sparsewith a 48ø44'N,83ø54'W, NTS map 42B/12, Green- Total vegetativecover, 131%; ground cover, heavylitter layerthroughout. The mostimpor- hill River.Continuity: New. Size:9 ha = 22.24 61%, low shrubs, 18%; tall shrubs, 47%; and tant speciesare Bluejoint(Calamagrostis can- acres(elongate type, with 50 m flaggedgrid, treespecies, 5% (BlackSpruce 3%, Latch2%); adends),Large-leaf Aster (Aster rnacrophyllus), set up with chain and compass).Description canopy closure, 38%. Edge: Surrounded by Lindley's Aster (Aster ciliolatus),and Carex of Plot: A heterogeneouslowerslope and low- similar habitat on all sidesexcept for a cedar vaginata with significantamounts of Three- land site. The original stand (Black Spruce swampclose to the edge along the central floweredBedstraw (Gallium trifiorum), Wood (Piceamariana) 800/o, Balsam Poplar (Populus third of the W side. Topography:Relatively Anenome(Anenome quinquefolia), and Rose balsarnifera)12%, and Latch (Laris laricina) flat lowlandwith minor (0.5 m) raisedridges Twisted-stalk(Streptopus roseus). Red Rasp- 8%) had all matureBlack Spruce(575 stems/ at right anglesto the drainageflow. Land rises berry (Rubusstrigosus) patches are the only acre)removed in 1967leaving scattered young graduallyto the E and the W. Elevation:1140 low shrubs.The tall shrublayer is verydense conifersand a few large mature BalsamPop- if, lowestland in the immediatearea. Wealher:. MountainMaple and Beaked Hazel with some lat. Tree regenerationis limited to advance Varying temperaturesfrom 7-25øC.Clear to ChokeCherry (Prunus virginiana), Mountain growthclumps of Black Spruceand someBal- moderateovercast except rain for last survey. Ash (Sorbusspp.) and willow(Salix spp.). A sam Fir (Abies balsamea) that has seeded-in Wmds nil to light exceptstrong gusts on May quantitativesurvey of thetrees gave: Trees >4 on the drier areas.The site is dominatedby 31 and July 12. Coverage:1978: May 23, 31; in. dbh; 88 stems/acre,total basal area 42.2 SpeckledAlder (Alnusrugosa) which forms a June 14, 17, 19, 25; July 11-12; between0430- ff2/acre.Species comprising large treesclass: denselayer to 1 m over much of the site. The 1300hrs, EDT. Total man-hours:22. Ceusus: White Birch, 32, 36, 42; E. Cedar(Thuja occi- diverseground cover is dominatedby Sphag- TennesseeWarbler, 56 (622,252); Corn. Yellow- dentalis),25, 28, 28; Black Spruce,9, 10, 2; num mossesand Bluejoint (Calamagrostts throat, 20 (222, 90); White-throatedSparrow, QuakingAspen, 8, 9, 7; White Spruce,8, 9, 5; canadensis)with significantcover of Lindley's 19 (211, 85); Alder Flycatcher,18.5 (206, 83); Balsam Poplar, 6, 7, 14. Trees by diameter Aster(Aster ciliolatus), Large-leaf Aster (Aster Lincoln's Sparrow, 12 (133, 54); Nashville class:3 (4-6 in. dbh), 10, 11, 1.4, 3; 4 (6-8 in. macrophyllus),Bunchberry (Comus canaden- Warbler, 6 (67, 27); Magnolia Warbler, 6; dbh), 19, 22, 5.1, 12; 5 (8-10 dbh), 12.6, 14, sis), Wild Strawberry(Fragaria virginiana), Swmnson'sThrush, 4.5 (50, 20); N. Water- 5.6, 13; 6 (>10 in. dbh), 46, 52, 30.2, 72. Shrub Naked Mitrewort (Mirella nuda), Three-leaf thrush, 4.5; Wilson's Warbler, 4 (44, 18); stems/acre(shrub species >20 in. ht.) 6902; Solomon's Seal (Smilacina trifolia), violets Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 2.5; LeastFlycatcher, saplingsstems/acre (tree species 20 in. ht. to 1 (Viola spp.), BrownishSedge (Carex brun- 2, PurpleFinch, 1.5; Am. Bittern, 1; Spruce in. dbh),1050; small tree stems/acre (tree spe- nescens),and Corn. Horsetail (Equisteum Grouse,1; Ruby-crownedKinglet, 1; Yellow- cies 1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 425. Total vegetative arvense).The rich low shrub layer is mostly belhedFlycatcher, 0.5. Total: 17 species;160 cover, 132%, including 27% ground cover, Red Osier Dogwood(Comus stolonifera) and territorial males or females (1778/km2, 719/ 26% low shrubs, 60% tall shrubs and 19ø7o LabradorTea (Ledurngroenlandicum), with 100 acres). Visitors: Com. Flicker, Yellow- trees(Quaking Aspen 7%, White Birch4%, E. Fly Honeysuckle(Lonicera villosa), Prickly belhed Sapsucker,Blue Jay, Black-capped Cedar 4%, Balsam Fir 3%, Balsam Poplar Rose(Rosa acicularis), Red Raspberry (Rubus Chickadee, Boreal Chickadee, Winter Wren, 1%); canopyclosure, 82%. Edge: Surrounded strigosus),Dwarf Blackberry(R. pubescens), Am Robin, Hermit Thrush,Cedar Waxwing, on all sidesby similar vegetationfor 200 m and Blueberry(Vaccinium myrtilloides). The Red-eyed Vireo, Orange-crowned Warbler, exceptfor a loggingcut parallel to and 50 m tall shrublayer is SpeckledAlder exceptfor Cape May Warbler, Chestnut-sidedWarbler, from the NE edge.Topography: An upper- scatteredclumps of willow (Salix spp.). A Mourmng Warbler, Am. Redstart, Scarlet slopeand hilltop plot gently sloping to the NW quantitativesurvey of the large trees gave
Volume34, Number 1 89 Trees>4 In dbh, 158 stems/acre,total basal openingof the canopyby cuttingreleased the with 50 of 73 trees having>10% and <25% area 50 9 fi2/acre Speciescomprising tree denseMountain Maple (Acersptcaturn) and current years's growth defohatedand none class:Balsam Popla• 61, 39, 57; BalsamFir, Beaked Hazel (Corylus cornuta) understory having50% defoliation. 38, 24, 11; BlackSpruce, 36, 22, 18; Quaking resultingin a tall shrubdominated community. Aspen(Populus trernuloides), 12, 8, 2; White Advancegrowth clumps of BalsamFir have 175. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD - 9-YEAR- Spruce(Picea glauca), 5, 3, 1; E. Cedar(Thuja alsogrown well but little regenerationof trees OLD LOWLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: occidentalis),4, 2, 5; Larch,2, 1, 5; WhiteBirch has occurredsince cutting except for a few Ontario; Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of (Betulapapyrifera), 1, 1, 1. Treesby diameter White Birch and Quaking Aspen.The ground Hearst;48ø41'N, 83ø55'W, NTS map 42B/12, class:3 (4-6 in. dbh), 73, 46, 10.7, 21; 4 (6-8 in. coverdominated by Bunchberry(Comus can- Greenhill River. Continuity:New. Size: 9 ha = dbh), 32, 20, 8.6, 17; 5 (8-10 in. dbh), 12, 8, adensis),Bristly Clubmoss (Lycopodiurn anno- 22.24acres (square with 50 m flaggedgrid, set 5 6, 11;6 (>10 in. dbh),41, 26, 26.0,51. Shrub tinurn),Ground Pine (L. obscururn)and Blue- up with chain and compass).Description of stems/acre(shrub species >20 in. ht.), 10, 182; beadLily (Clintoniaborealis) with someWild Plot: Flat openalluvial terrace site from which saplingstems/acre (tree species 20 in. ht. to 1 Sarsasparilla(Aralia nudicaulis),Large-leaf the originalstand (Black Spruce (Picea marulna) in. dbh),1127; small tree stems/acre (tree spe- Aster(Aster rnacrophyllus), Buckwheat (Poly- 60%, Quaking Aspen(Populus trernulotdes) cies 1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 233. Total vegetative gonurnciliolatus), Broom Moss (Dicranum 23%, White Spruce(Picea glauca 10%, Jack cover, 144% of which 51Y7ois ground cover, spp.),and Running Pine (L. claraturn)is typ- Pine(Pinus banksiana 5%, andBalsam Poplar 38% low shrubs,44% tail shrubsand 12% tree ical of dry uplandridges. A quantitativesur- (Populusbalsamifera) 2%), wasmosfiy clear- species(Balsam Fir 4%, Larch3%, Balsam veyof treesgave: Trees >4 in. dbh; 89 stems/ cut in 1969 leaving only a small Quaking Poplar2%, White Birch 1%, Black Spruce acre, total basal area 31.4 ft2/acre. Species Aspen stand centeredin the plot and occa- 1%, Quaking Aspen 1%); canopyclosure, comprisingthe largetree class:White Birch, sionaladvance-growth trees. The presentsite 31%. Edge: Similar•habitat to the NW and 44, 49, 46; Balsam Fir, 20, 22, 11; Quaking is tightly closedto 1 m, opensconsiderably by SE, changinggradually to a BalsamPoplar Aspen,15, 17, 35; White Spruce, 7, 8, 5; Black 2 m and has very little growth abovethat andQuaking Aspen lower slope to theNE and Spruce,3, 4, 2. Treesby diameterclass: 3 (4-6 height. The groundvegetation is interspersed ratherquickly to a stagBlack Spruce swamp in. dbh), 39, 44, 5.3, 17; 4 (6-8 in. dbh), 14, 16, with abundant logs and dead grasses The to the SW.Topography: Low and flat dropping 3.8, 12; 5 (8-10 in. dbh), 7, 8, 3.1, 10; 6 (>10 in. major coverplants are Lindley'sAster (Aster onlyslightly (1/1000) to the SW beyondthe dbh), 29, 32, 19.2, 61. Shrub stems/acre ciliolatus),Wild Strawberry(Fragaria vtrgrnt- boundary.Elevation: 1175 ft; almostthe (shrubspecies >20 in. hr.), 3873; sapling ana), Bluejoint (Calarnagrostiscanadensts), lowest land in immediate area. Weather: stems/acre(tree species 20 in. hr. to 1 in. dbh), Carex castanea, C. vaginata, Three-seeded Temperaturesvarying from 6-15øC,clear to 797;sm•dl tree stems/acre (tree species 1 in. to Sedge(C. tr/sperma),Feather Moss (Pleurozmm 40ø7oovercast except for heavyrain on 1 survey 4 in. dbh), 356. Total vegetativecover, 131%; schreberD,False Melic (Schizachnepurpuras- andlight rain on 1. Windsnil to light.Cover- groundcover excludingtrees and shrubs, cens), and Wood Rush (Luzula acurnrnata) age:1978: May 23, 31;June 5, 10, 14, 18, 22; 33%; low shrubcover, 30%; tall shrubscover, The low shrublayer is predominantlyLabrador July2; between0445-1115 hrs, EDT. Total 18%;and tree speciescover, 50% (BalsamFir Tea (Ledurn groenlandicum),Bristly Black man-hours: 21.5. Census:Tennessee Warbler, 29%,White Birch 13%,White Spruce4%, and Currant (Ribeslacustre), Blueberry (Vaccrnmm 19.5 (217, 88); White-throatedSparrow, 16.5 Quaking Aspen 4%); canopyclosure, 61%. angustt.'foliurn and V. rnyrtelloides), Red (183,74); Alder Flycatcher, 12 (133,54); Corn. Edge:Site saddlesthe crestof a long(2 km) Raspberry(R ubus strigosus), and PricklyRose Yellowthroat,12; Magnolia Warbler, 9.5 (106, steepN-S ridge. The W and E sidesdrop (Rosaacicularis). The sparsetall shrublayer Is 43); Wilson'sWarbler, 7.5 (83, 34); Nashville abruptly(1 m in 4 to 5 m). Elevation:1350 ft SpeckledAlder (Alnusrugosa) with scattered Warbler, 4.5 (50, 20); Lincoln'sSparrow, 4.5; at highestpoint on site droppingto almost Juneberry(Arnelanchier spp.), willows (Sahx Swainson'sThrush, 2; PurpleFinch, 1.5; Bor- 1200 ft at lowest; about 175 ft above local spp.)and GlandularBirch (Betulaglandulosa) eal Chickadee,1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; lowland. Weather: Varying temperatures Tree regenerationis of Black Sprucesaplings Veery, 0.5. Total: 13 species;92 territorial from 1-22øC.Generally clear to light overcast and both Balsam Fir (Abies balsarnea) and males or females (1022/km2, 414/100 acres). exceptfor lightrain on 1 survey.Winds nil to Black Sprucein the small tree class.The only Visitors: Spruce Grouse, Ruffed Grouse, light exceptstrong gusts on 2 days.Coverage-' largetrees are concentratedin a small(0 5 ha) Corn. Snipe, Corn. Flicker, Yellow-bellied 1978:May 28; June3, 10, 13, 24, 30; July11, residualQuaking Aspen standof 35-40 trees Sapsucker,Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Least 17; between0450-1045 hrs, EDT. Total man- of 20 m height. There is a densestrata of Flycatcher,Red-breasted Nuthatch, Winter hours: 23.5. Census:Chestnut-sided Warbler, about 100 smaller (10 m) Balsam Fir under the Wren, Am. Robin, Ruby-crownedKinglet, 24.5 (272, 110);Magnolia Warbler, 17.5 (194, aspen.Shrub stems/acre(shrub species >20 CedarWaxwing, Red-eyed Vireo, Black-and- 79); Black-and-whiteWarbler, 6.5 (72, 29); in. hr.), 2331; saplingstems/acre (tree species white Warbler, N. Parula, Cape May War- Red-eyedVireo, 5.5 (61, 25);Ovenbird, 5 (56, 20 in. ht. to 1 in. dbh), 846; small tree stems/ bler, Chestnut-sidedWarbler, Ovenbird, N. 22); NashvilleWarbler, 4.5 (50, 20); Canada acre(tree species 1 in. to 4 in. dbh),206. Total Waterthrush,Mourning Warbler, Am. Red- Warbler, 4.5; Veery, 4 (44, 18); White- vegetativecover, 78%, including42% ground start, Rusty Blackbird.Remarks: There is throatedSparrow, 4; Ruffed Grouse,3 (33, cover, 20% low shrub cover, 11% tall shrub almostno SpruceBudworm on the site.The 13); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 2.5; Philadel- cover, and 5% cover by tree species(Black preponderanceof moist habitat species such phiaVireo, 2; Am. Redstart,2; LeastFlycatch- Spruce3%, QuakingAspen 2%); canopyclo- as Com. Yellowthroat, Wilson's Warbler, er, 1.5; Mourning Warbler, 1.5; Yellow- sure, 19%. Edge: Surroundedon all sidesby Nashville Warbler, and Lincoln's Sparrow bellied Sapsucker,1; Blue Jay, 1; Downy similar vegetationfor at least 150 m. A river alongwith Swainsoh'sThrush, Purple Finch, Woodpecker,0.5; Swainson'sThrush, 0.5; parallelsthe W and N boundaryat 150to 200 and Boreal Chickadee reflect the ecotonal TennesseeWarbler, 0.5. Total: 20 species;92 m, with similar habitat beyond.Topography: positionof the site dominated by lowland with territorial males or females (1022/km 2, 414/ Flat alluvial terrace near the Fire River head- an uplandinfluence. 100 acres). Visitors: Goshawk, Black-billed waters. Elevation: About 1160 if; lowest land Cuckoo, Hairy Woodpecker, Great Crested in immediate area. Weather: Temperature 174. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD - 9-YEAR- Flycatcher,Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Alder varying2-22øC, mostly clear and sunnyexcept OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: Flycatcher, Olive-sided Flycatcher, Black- light intermittent rain May 30, winds nil to Ontario;Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of cappedChickadee, Winter Wren, Am. Robin, light exceptfor heavygusts June 17. Coverage: Hearst; 48ø4fN, 83ø54'W,NTS map 42B/12, Hermit Thrush, SolitaryVireo, Yellow War- 1978: May 30; June 3, 8, 13, 17, 24, 30, July GreenhillRiver. Continuity:New. Size:9 ha = bler, Yellow-rumpedWarbler, Bay-breasted 14; between 0450-1100 hrs, EDT. Total man- 22.24acres (square with 50 m flaggedgrid, set Warbler, N. Waterthrush, Scarlet Tanager, hours:18.5. Census: White-throated Sparrow, up with chainand compass).Description of EveningGrosbeak, Purple Finch. Remarks: 20.5 (228, 92); Com. Yellowthroat, 9.5 (106, Plot: A steepWhite Birch (Betula papyrifera) One MagnoliaWarbler wasfound. There was 43); Lincoln'sSparrow, 9 (100, 40); Alder dominatedupper slope and crest. The original a Ruffed Grousewith 4 youngthrough June. Flycatcher,7.5 (83, 34); TennesseeWarbler, 7 mature somewhatopen stand (White Birch The steepnature of the slopeprovides almost (78, 31); NashvilleWarbler, 6 (67, 27); Mag- 40%, White Spruce(Picea glauca) 30%, Bal- continuousedge on both sidesof the hill. The nolia Warbler, 3.5 (39, 16); Wilson'sWarbler, sam Fir (Abies balsainca) 10%, Quaking shrublayer is totallyclosed to 2 m throughout 3.5; Mourning Warbler, 3 (33, 13); Chestnut- Aspen(Populus trernuioides) 10%, Black with 75% lateral closure from 2 to 5 m and lit- sided Warbler, 1.5; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Yellow- Spruce(Picea rnariana) 10%) was selectively tle abovethat. The denseBalsam Fir regener- bellied Sapsucker, 1; Red-eyed Vireo, 1, loggedfor matureconifers in 1%9. Further ationis lightlyinfested with SpruceBudworm Black-and-whiteWarbler, 1; SwampSparrow,
90 AmericanBirds, January 1980 1, ChxppmgSparrow, 0 S, Merlin,+, Spruce saphngstems/acre (tree spemes 20 m ht to 1 than 25% closure between 1 and 2 m and Grouse,+ Total: 18 specxes,76 S temtorxal m dbh), 2586,small tree stems/acre(tree spe- almostno vegetationabove 2 m The ground males or females (SS0/km2, 344/100 acres). cies 1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 388; total vegetative coveris dominatedby Bluejoint(Calarnagros• Visitors: Corn. Merganser,Killdeer, Corn. cover,153%, ground cover excluding trees and canadensis), and Carex stricta with subdom- Smpe,Corn. Flicker, Boreal Chickadee, Red- shrubscontributes, 74%; low shrubs,9%; tall inant Lindley's Aster (Aster ciliolatus),Fire- breastedNuthatch, Cedar Waxwing,Yellow- shrubs,35%; and tree shrubs,35% (Balsam weed(Epilobiurn angustifoliurn), Wild Straw- rumpedWarbler, N. Waterthrush,Canada Fir 22%, White Birch 9%, and White Spruce berry LFragariavirginiana), Rough Bedstraw Warbler, Rusty Blackbird, Corn. Grackle, 4%); canopyclosure, 72%. Edge: Surrounded (Galiurnasprellurn ), Twinflower(Linnea bor- PurpleFinch, Song Sparrow. Remarks: The on all sidesby similarhabitat for 200 m. There ealis), aquatic mosses(particularly Mniurn abundant small Balsam Fir have all been is a narrowovergrown logging road cut 50 m N spp.),Sphagnurn mosses, Carex capillaris, C somewhatdefoliated; of S1 examined29 had of plot edge. Topography:Crest and upper stricta, and Cat-tail (Typha latifolia). The more than 50ø70of the current yeaifs growth slopeof a hill; mostof the plotis on moderate scattered low shrubs include Labrador Tea removedby SpruceBudworm. The opennature E facingslope and continues to dropgradually (Ledurn groenlandicurn),Bristly Black Cur- of the site is a reflectionof both its earlyseral for another 1 km to the E. Elevation: 1300 ft; rant (Rubus lacustre), Dwarf Blackberry stageand the absenceof a well established ca. 140 ft above local lowland. Weather: Tem- (Rubuspubescens) and Red Raspberry(R understorybefore cutting (a commonfeature peraturevarying -1-22øC, sunny to light over- strigosus).The tall shrub layer is Speckled of wellstocked predominantly coniferous for- cast, winds nil exceptlast half of 1 survey. Alder (Alnus rugosa)except for a few willow ests)A SpruceGrouse hen with S youngwas Coverage:1978: May 24; June3, 8, 13, 17, 20, (Salixspp.) clumps. There is no tree regenera- present.A White-throated Sparrow nest found. 30; July3; between0445-1040 hrs, EDT. Total tion and not enoughlarge trees to accurately man-hours: 26.5. Certsre: Chestnut-sided sample (<5 stems/acre). Shrub stems/acre 176. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD - 6-YEAR- Warbler, 29 (322, 130); TennesseeWarbler, (shrub species>20 in. ht.), 4512. Total veg- OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: 16.S(183, 74); Mourning Warbler, 13.S(1S0, etative cover, 112%, of which 62% is ground Ontario;Mildred Township,ca. 10Skm S of 61); Canada Warbler, 11.S (128, S2); Mag- cover, 31% low shrub, and 19% tall shrub Hearst;48ø41'N, 83øS7'W, NTS map 42B/12, nolia Warbler, 10.S(117, 47); White-throated There is no canopy. Edge: The Fire River GreenhillRiver. Continuity:New. Size:9 ha = Sparrow,9.S (106, 43); Yellow-belliedSap- parallels and frequently forms the E boun- 22 24 acres(square with SOm flaggedgrid, set sucker, 6.S (72, 29); Red-eyed Vireo, 6.S; dary. the other 3 sides grade quickly into up with chainand compass).Description of Ovenbird, 6.S; Blaekburian Warbler, S.S (61, selectivelycut mixed wood lower slope. The Plot: A Balsam Fir (Abies balsarnea) and 25); NashvilleWarbler, 4 (44, 18); N. Parula, plot is wrapped around 3 sides of a 6 ha White Birch (Betula papyrtfera) dominated 4; Swainsoh'sThrush, 3.S (39, 16); Ruffed squareof uncut Black Spruce.Topography: uplandsite. Following heavy defoliation by Grouse, 3 (33, 13); Black-and-whiteWarbler, Flat lowland alluvial terrace of the Fire River SpruceBudworm in 1970and 1971the orig- 3; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 3; Winter Wren, Elevation: About 1160 ft: lowest land in Inal stand (White Birch 30%, White Spruce 2.S; Veery,2; Olive-sidedFlycatcher, 1.S; Am. immediate area. Weather: Temperature vary- (Ptceaglauca) 25%, Quaking Aspen (Populus Robin, 1.S; Scarlet Tanager, 1.S; Evening ing from -1-24øC, mostly clear except light trernuloldes)18%, Balsam Fir 10%, Jack Pine Grosbeak, 1.S; Corn. Flicker, 1; Blue Jay, 1; rain on May 27, winds nil exceptstrong gusts (Pmusbanksiana) 5%, Black Spruce(Picea SolitaryVireo, 1; Yellow-rumpedWarbler, 1; on I survey.Coverage: 1978: May 27; June 3, martana)5%, BalsamPoplar (Populus balsa- Bay-breastedWarbler, 1; Alder Flycatcher, 8, 13, 17, 21, 29; July 3; between 0445-1245 rmfera)4%) was selectivelyharvested in an 0.S; Cedar Waxwing, 0.S; Purple Finch, +. hrs, EDT. Total: Est. 11 man-hours. Census: attemptto salvagemerchantable spruce. Cut- Total: 30 species;1S2.S territorial males or Com. Yellowthroat, 10 (111, 45): Tennessee tingremoved only 90 stems/acrebut the asso- females (1694/km 2, 686/100 acres). Visitors: Warbler, 9.5 (106, 43): White-throated Spar- matedground disturbance and opening of the Corn.Merganser, Hairy Woodpecker,Downy row, 7 (78. 31); Chestnut-sided Warbler, 6.5 stand created optimal conditionsfor tree Woodpecker,Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, Least (72, 29); Lincoln'sSparrow, 6 (67, 27): Alder regeneration;with an abundantseed source Flycatcher,Gray Jay, Black-cappedChick- Flycatcher,5 (56, 22); Magnolia Warbler, 5. still available the stand has experienced adee, Red-breastedNuthatch, Hermit Thrush, Yellow-belliedSapsucker, 1: Winter Wren, 1, remarkableregeneration particularly of Bal- Philadelphia Vireo, Cape May Warbler, Mourning Warbler, 1; Wilson's Warbler, 1, sam Fxr. Mortality causedby the early bud- Black-throated Blue Warbler, Black-throated SwampSparrow, 1; Am. Robin, 0.5: Nashville wormoutbreak and by cuttingdisturbance is GreenWarbler, BlackpollWarbler, Wilson's Warbler, 0.5; Song Sparrow, 0.5: Red-eyed resultingin considerableblowdown as well Warbler, Am. Redstart, Rusty Blackbird, Vireo, +: Yellow-rumped Warbler, +. Total: whmh is further openingthe stand. The Chipping Sparrow, Lincoln's Sparrow. 17 species:55.5 territorial males or females groundcover is dominatedby Bracken(Pteri- Remarks: Nests of a Swainsoh's Thrush and (617/km 2, 250/100 acres). Visitors: Com drumacluilinum), Bristly Clubmoss (Lycopoch'um of a Rose-breasted Grosbeak were found. The Snipe, Pileated Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied annotmum),Bluejoint (Calarnagrostiscana- combinationof a well-developedshrub and Flycatcher, Least Flycatcher, Olive-sided densts), Bunchberry(Comus canadensis), youngtree layer, abundant dead trees and a Flycatcher, Gray Jay, Black-capped Chick- BluebeadLily (Clintoniaborealis), Large-leaf denseoverstory has resultedin a particularly adee, Boreal Chickadee, Hermit Thrush, Aster (Aster rnacrophyllus),Feather Moss rich bird population.Spruce Budworm has Swainson's 'Thrush, Veery, Ruby-crowned (Pleoroziurn schreberi), Interrupted Fern removed>95% of the current year's growth Kinglet, Cedar Waxwing, Black-and-white (Osrnundaclaytoniana), Twinflower (Linnea from more than half of the Balsam Fir on the Warbler. Cape May Warbler, Ovenbird, N boreahs) and Ground Pine (Lycopodium site. Many of the mature Balsam Fir have Waterthrush, Canada Warbler, Am. Redstart, obscururn).The low shrub layer is almost been dead for almost a decade. Purple Finch. ChippingSparrow. Remarks: exclusivelyRed Raspberry(Rubus strigosus) The severingof a large plot into clearcutand and Blueberry(Vaccinium angustifoliurn). uncut componentscauses less problem than The tall shrublayer is dominatedby Moun- 177. BOREAL CONIFER - 6-YEAR-OLD would be expectedbecause the edge is very tainMaple (Acer spicaturn) and Beaked Hazel LOWLAND CLEARCUT. -- Location: abrupt and most speciesrespect it exactly (Coryluscornuta) with scatteredJuneberry Ontario; Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of The major problemis in the small size of the (Amelanchierspp.), Green Alder (Alnus crispa) Hearst; 48ø41'N, 83ø56'W, NTS map 42B/12, areas,particularly the uncut; unfortunatelyno and MountainAsh (Sorbus spp.). Tree regen- Greenhill River. Continuity: New. Size: 9 ha = othersof this agewere available. erat•on is more than 50ø7oBalsam Fir with 22.24acres (irregular part of a 300 X 500 m someWhite Birch and White Spruce.A quan- block out of which a 245 X 245 m square tttatxvesurvey of the tree speciesgave: Trees formsCensus 183, with a 50 m flaggedgrid, 178. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD - 5-YEAR- >4 m dbh; 93 stems/acre,total basal area set up with chainand compass).Description OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: 37 2 ft2/acre.Species comprising the large tree of Plot: A lowlandBlack Spruce (Picea mariana) Ontario; Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of class BalsamFir, 55, 59, 56; White Birch, 26, site from which the original stand (Black Hearst;48ø42•N, 83ø57'W, NTS map 42B/12, 28, 32, White Spruce,9, 10, 6; Black Spruce, Spruce92%, Balsam Fir (Abiesbalsarnea) 2%, Greenhill River. Continuity:New. Size: 9 ha = 1, 2, 2; Jack Pine, 1, 1, 4. Trees by diameter Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) 2%, White Birch 22.24 acres(square with SOm flaggedgrid, set class 3 (4-6 in. dbh), 21, 23, 3.0, 8; 4 (6-8 in. (Betulapapyrifera) 2%, BalsamPoplar OUopu - up with chain and compass).Description of dbh), 24, 26, 5.3, 17; 5 (8-10 in. dbh), 16, 17, lusbalsamifera) 2% wasclearcut in 1972leav- Plot: A White Birch (Betula papyrifera) and 6 0, 19; 6(>10in. dbh),32, 34, 17.6,56. Shrub ingalmost no mature trees standing. The gen- Quaking Aspen (Populustrernuloldes) dom- stems/acre(shrub species >20 in. ht.), 3715; erallyopen site is mostly closed to I m, hasless inated upperslopeand crest. The original
Volume 34, Number 1 91 stand of Whtte Btrch (45%), White Spruce Hearst,48ø41'N, 83ø57W, NTS map42B/12, 180. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD - 3-YEAR- (Ptceaglauca) (30%), Balsam Fir (Abtesbalsa- GreenhillRiver Continuity:New Size:9 ha = OLD UPLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: mea)(15%), QuakingAspen (7%), and Balsam 22.24 acres(elongate type with 50 m flagged Ontario, Mddred Township, ca. 105 km S of Poplar (Populusbalsamt.¾•ra) (3%) wasselec- grid set up with chain and compass).Descrip- Hearst; 48'42'N, 83ø51'W,NTS map 42B/12, tivelylogged for largeconifers in 1972. Since tion of Plot: A wet lowland site with a small Greenhill River. Continuity: New. Size: 9 ha = the stand has been openedup Beaked Hazel raised ridge (lateral moraine) along the W 22.24 acres(elongate type with 50 m flagged (Coryluscornuta) and QuakingAspen suckers edge.The originalstand of BlackSpruce (P/cea grid, set up with chain and compass).Descrip- have multiplied greatly resulting in a very mariana), 80%; Balsam Fir (Abies balsameaL tion of Plot: A slightly raised flat ridge dense lower strata (to 1.5 m) with only scat- 10%; Quaking Aspen(Populus tremuloides), dominatedby an openresidual stand of Quak- tered trees projecting above. Tree regenera- 5%; and White Birch(Betula papyrifera), 5%, ing Aspen (Populustremuloides). The ratted tion is mostly Quaking Aspen with some was almosttotally cut in 1972. The resulting area of about 20 ha, including the plot, ts White Birch. The only conifers are some site is heterogeneouswith extensiveSpeckled effectivelyan island in the midst of a large White Spruceadvance growth that survived Alder (Alnusrugosa) growth over most of the clearcut (ca. 1500 ha). The ridge originated cutting. Ground cover is predominantly extensivelow lying area and Quaking Aspen from aeolian reworking of glacial lacustrine Large-leafAster (Aster macrophyllus)with suckersand Beaked Hazel (Coryluscornuta) depositson the extremeS edge of Pleistocene someBluebead Lily (Cõntoniaborea//s), Bunch- developingon the better drained ridge with Lake Objibway. The original stand of Jack berry (Comus canadensis), Three-flowered the fewremaining trees. The areais becoming Pine(Pinus banksiana) (47%), Quaking Aspen Bedstraw (Gallium trifiorum) and Rose moreswampy apparently as a resultof disturb- (28%), Black Spruce (Picea mariana) (18%), Twisted-stalk (Streptopus roseus). The only anceof the drainagepattern during harvest- White Spruce (Picea glauca) (4%) had all low shrubis Red Raspberry(Rubus strigosus). ing. The diverseground cover is predominantly mature conifers removed for sawlogs and Tall shrubsare Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum) Bunchberry(Comus canadensis),Twinflower about half of the Quaking Aspenfor plywood and Beaked Hazel. A quantitativesurvey of (Linnea borealis), Bluejoint (Calamagrostis veneer in 1975. The resultant stand has sub- the tree speciesgave: Trees >4 in. dbh; 38 canadensis),Sphagnum moss, Two-seeded sequentlyexperienced more tree lossthrough stems/acre,total basalarea 20.3 ft2/acre.Spe- Sedge (Carex disperma), and Woodland blowdown and is quite open. The present cies comprisingthe tree class:White Birch, Horsetail(Equisetum sylvaticum). The low structureconsists of shrub and suckergrowth 21, 55, 52; QuakingAspen, 13, 34, 44; Balsam shrub layer is dominated by LaboradorTea closingthe lower strata to about 1.5 m wtth Fir, 3, 8, 2; White Spruce, 1, 3, 2. Trees by (Ledurngroenlandicum), Leatherleaf (Cham- scatteredWhite Spruceand BalsamFir (Abtes diameter class:3 (4-6 in. dbh), 4, 11, 0.6, 3; 4 aedaphnecalyculata), Creeping Snowberry balsamea)advance growth to 5 m and a few (6-8 in. dbh), 6, 15, 1.4, 7; 5 (8-10 in. dbh), 2, (Gaultheriahispidula), Blueberry (Vaccinium QuakingAspen stems to 20 m. Tree regenera- 5, 0.8, 4); 6 (>10 in. dbh), 27, 70, 17.5, 86; angustifolium),and Red Raspberry(Rubus tion is confined to Quaking Aspen suckers shrubstems/acre (shrub species >20 in. hr.), strigosus).The only trees are scatteredQuak- and an occasionalBalsam Fir seedlingexcept 15,791;sapling stems/acre (tree species20 in. ingAspen over <•% ofthe plot in the NW cor- for conifers establishedbefore harvesting ht to 1 in. dbh), 1095; small tree stems/acre ner. Shrub stems/acre(shrub species >20 in. Ground coveris predominatlyWild Sarsapa- (tree species1 in. to 4 in. dbh), 360. Total ht.), 5326; saplingstems/acre (tree species 20 rilla (Aralia nudicaulus), Lindley's Aster vegetativecover, 113%, of whichground cover in. hr. to 1 in. dbh), 1888. There are too few (Aster ciliolatus),Large-leaf Aster (A. macro- excludingtrees and shrubsis 43%, low shrub small trees to accuratelyestimate. Total veg- ph.vllus) Bluebead Lily (Clintonia boreah•), cover, 16%, tall shrub cover, 45% and tree etative coveris 76% including36% ground Bunchberry (Comus canadensis), Fireweed speciescover, 9% (Quaking Aspen); canopy cover, 19ø7olow shrub cover, 5% tall shrub (Epilobiumangusafolium). Bluebell (Mertensta closure,60%. Edge: Surroundedfor 150 m on cover,and 16% tree speciescover (Balsam Fir paniculata), Bluejoint (Calamagrostiscana- all sidesby similar habitat. Two narrow skid- 7%, Quaking Aspen 5%, White Birch 2%, densis)and Woodland Horsetail (Eqmsetum drag roads crossthe plot. Topography:A Black Spruce,2%). Canopyclosure is 22%. {vlvaticum). The low shrub layer is mostly gently slopingS-facing slope and flat-topped Edge: Similar habitat to the N for 100 m then BushHoneysuckle (Diervilla Ionicera), Skunk hdl. The terrain dropssharply to the W 150 m changingto a lowerslope after crossinga log- Currant (Ribesglandulosum), Red Raspberry from the edgeof the plot and at 250 m N of the ging haul road. The changeto lower slope (Rubusstrigosus), and Small Cranberry (Vac- plot. Elevation: 1350 ft; about 160 ft above mixed woodsis more rapid to the E and the cinium ox.vcoccus). The only tall shrubs are local lowland. Weather: Temperaturesvary- W. Thereis uncutBlack Spruceabout 25 m S BeakedHazel (Co.rvluscornuta) and scattered ing -1-15øC,winds nil to verylight, generally ofthe plot. Topography: Relatively flat except clumpsof SpeckledAlder (Alnus rugosa) A clear exceptheavy overcast2 days. Coverage: for slight ridges(<5 m) along the W edge. quantitativesurvey of the treesgave: Trees >4 1978: May 26; June3,-4, 16, 19, 29; July3, 9; Elevation: 1190 ft; lowest land in the imme- in. dbh; 44 stems/acre,total basal area 24 ftz/ between 0500-1000 and 2030-2200 hrs, EDT. diate area. Weather: Temperatures2-22øC, acl•e.Species comprising the tree class:Quak- Total man-hours: 22. Census: Chestnut-sided sunnyand clear for 5 surveys,light to inter- ing Aspen, 29, 67. 86: Balsam Fir, 8, 17, 4, Warbler, 33.5 (372, 151); White-throated reittent rain on 2, and rain turning to sleeton White Spruce. 6, 15, 6; White Birch. 1. 1, 3 Sparrow,13 (144, 58); Magnolia Warbler, 11 1. Windsnil to slightexcept for high gustson Trees by diameter class; 3 (4-6 in. dbh). 6, 12. (122, 49); Mourning Warbler, 9 (100, 40); 1 survey.Coverage: 1978: May 30; June3, 12, 0.7, 3:4 (6-8 in. dbh), 5, 11, 1.2, 5:5 (8-10 tn Black-and-white Warbler, 6 (67, 27); Red- 16, 25; July 6, 9, 11; between0500-1145 hrs, dbh), 2. 5, 1.0, 4:6 (>10 in. dbh), 32, 72, 21 1, eyed Vireo, 3.5 (39, 16); Yellow-bellied Sap- EDT. Total man-hours: 18. Census: Corn. 88. Shrub stems/acre(shrub species>20 tn sucker, 3 (33, 13); Ruffed Grouse, 2.5; Alder Yellowthroat,13.5 (150, 61); White-throated ht.), 8013: sapling stems/acre(tree spectes20 Flycatcher,2.5; Am. Kestrel,l i BlueJay, 'l; Sparrow,10 (111, 45); TennesseeWarbler, 8.5 in. ht. to I in. dbh), 4512; small tree stems/ •Solitary Vireo, 1; Am. Redstart,1; Lincoln's (94, 38); Lincoln'sSparrow, 7 (78, 31); Alder acre (treespecies I in. to 4 in. dbh), 186, total Sparrow, 1; Canada Warbler, 0.5; Scarlet Flycatcher,6 (67, 27); SwampSparrow, 5 (56, vegetativecover, 70% including 39% ground Tanager, 0.5. Total: 16 species;90 territorial 22); Wilson's Warbler, 4.5 (50, 20); Chestnut- cover, 10% low shrub cover, 5% tall shrub males or females (1000/kin 2, 405/100 acres). sidedWarbler, 4 (44, 18); MagnoliaWarbler, cover,and 26% coverby treespecies (Quaking Visitors: Hairy Woodpecker, Downy Wood- 2; NashvilleWarbler, 1; Le Conte'sSparrow, Aspen 22%, Balsam Fir 4%): canopyclosure, pecker,Brown Creeper, Winter Wren, Swain- 1; Killdeer, +. Total: 12 species;62.5 ter- 36%. Edge: 1150 ft; about 10 ft above local son's Thrush, Veery, Tennessee Warbler, ritorial males or females (694/km 2, 281/100 lowland. Weather: Temperature varying Yellow-rumpedWarbler, Blackpoll Warbler, acres). Visitors: Spruce Grouse, Yellow- -1-20øC, clear except partial overcastJuly 4, Corn. Yellowthroat, Rose-breastedGrosbeak, belliedSapsucker, Downy Woodpecker, Least winds nil to extremelylight. Coverage:1978 Purple Finch. Remarks:There is almostno Flycatcher,Blue Jay, Cedar Waxwing,Red- May 31; June 10, 15, 23, 25, 28: July 1, 4, SpruceBudworm on the site. The low open eyed Vireo, Black-and-whiteWarbler, Oven- between 0500-0915 hrs, EDT. Total: 16 man- habitat supportsnumerous Mourning War- bird, Mourning Warbler, Rusty Blackbird, hours. Census: Chestnut-sided Warbler, 21 5 blers while the developingshrub layer is Brown-headed Cowbird, Rose-breasted Gros- (239, 97); Mourning Warbler, 12 (133, 54), already providing abundant habitat for beak. Remarks: Owing to an exceptionally White-throated Sparrow, 8.5 (94, 38); Mag- Chestnut-sided Warblers. high Black Fly (Simulidae)density it wasfre- nolia Warbler, 5 (56, 22); Alder Flycatcher,4 quentlyimpossible to hear any but the loudest. (44, 18); Red-eyed Vireo, 4; Yellow-belhed 179. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD - 5-YEAR- songs.There is almostno SpruceBudworm on Sapsucker,3.5 (30, 16): Lincoln'sSparrow, OLD LOWLAND CUTOVER. -- Location: this site.A SpruceGrouse hen and .3 young 3.5; Ruffed Grouse, 2: Black-and-white War- Ontario; Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of livedon the plot. bler, 1.5; Winter Wren, 1: Canada Warbler,
92 AmericanBirds, January 1980 1, Evening Grosbeak, 1, Corn Merganser, 1, 5, and the E half May 26, June 8, 16, 23, 25, cover,126%, groundcover excluding trees and 0 5• Corn Flicker, 0 5, Olive-sided Flycatcher, 28, July 4, 7, between0440-0950 hrs, EDT shlubs, 46%, low shrubs cover 6%, tall shrub 0 5, Am. Redstart, 0.5: Corn. Yellowthroat. +. Total: 27.5 man-hours. Constin: Lincoln's cover 30%, and tree speciescover 44% (Quak- Total: 18 species:70.5 territorial males or Sparrow,11 (61, 25); SavannahSparrow, 6 ing Aspen 14%, Balsam Fir 11%, White females (783/km 2, 317/100 acres). Visitors: (33, 13); SongSparrow, 4.5 (25, 10); White- Spruce 7%, Black Spruce 6%, White Birch Ruby-throatedHummingbird, Yellow-bellied throatedSparrow, 2.5; Com. Yellowthroat,2; 6%); canopyclosure, 85%. Edge: Surrounded Flycatcher,Least Flycatcher, Blue Jay, Swain- Wilson's Warbler, 2; Am. Robin, 1.5; Kill- on all sidesby similar habitat for at least50 m son'sThrush, Cedar Waxwing,Solitary Vireo, deer, 1; Com. Snipe,1; MourningWarbler, 1; Changingto cutover75 m to the N and to wet- Tennessee Warbler, Nashville Warbler, Yellow- Swamp Sparrow, 1; Spotted Sandpiper,0.5; ter lowerslope habitat to the E. Topography: rumped Warbler, N. Waterthrush.Wilson's Am. Redstart, 0.5; Red-winged Blackbird, Halfof/he plot is on a relativelyflat crest,the Walbler, Red-wingedBlackbird, Pine Siskin, 0.5. Total: 14 species;35 territorial males or rest on a 10-15ø slopeto the E with occasional Le Conte'sSparrow, Chipping Sparrow, Song females (194/km 2, 79/100 acres). Visitors: steeperpitches. Elevation: 1300 ft: ca. 140 ft Spalrow.Remarks: The high open Quaking BeltedKingfisher, Com. Flicker, E. Kingbird, above local lowland. Weather: Temperature Aspen canopy made survey impossiblein Alder Flycatcher, Olive-sided Flycatcher, varying2-27øC. Heavy overcast for 3 surveys, winds)5 mph. Of 41 BalsamFir examinedall Com. Crow. Brown Thrasher, Swainson's and light rain for 1: othel•viseclem' and sunny had •ome SpruceBudworm defoliation but Thrush,Tennessee 'Warbler, Nashville War- Winds nil to light. Coverage: 1978: May 24, none exceeded50ø7o removal of current year's bler, Magnolia Warbler, Chestnut-sidedWar- June 8, 12, 16, 21, 27, 30: July 5: between growth.Nests found includeCorn. Merganser bler, N. Waterthrush, Rusty Blackbird, Com. 0445-1030 hrs, EDT. Total: 24.5 man-hours and Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Grackle, Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Remarks: CensUs: Tennessee Warbler, 25 (278, 112), The openwet meadow-likecharacter is clearly Magnolia Warbler, 20 (222, 90): Nashville 181. BOREAL CONIFER - 3-YEAR-OLD reflected by the dominance of Lincoln's Warbler, 14 (156, 63); BlackburnJanWarblel LOWLAND CUTOVER. --Location: Ontar- Savannah,Song, and White-throated Spar- 11 (122, 49): Evening Grosbeak, 9 (100, 40), io, Mildred Township,ca. 105 km S of Hearst; rows.Nests found were Killdeer, Com. Snipe, Cape May Warbler, 7.5 (83, 34): White- 48ø4ZN, 83ø5ffW, NTS map 42B/12, Green- and White-throatedSparrow. throatedSparrow. 6.5 (72, 29); LeastFlycatcher, hdl River. Continuity: New. Size: 18 ha = S (56, 22): Black-and-white Warbler, 4 (44, 44 48 acres(a polygoncomposed of two 300 X 182. BOREAL MIXEDWOOD - UNCUT 18): Canada Warbler, 4: SwainsoWs Thrush, 3 300 m squareplots abutting along 200 m of UPLAND. -- Location: Ontario, Makawa (33, 13): Yellow-rumped Warbler, 3: Yellow- edge,with a 50 m flaggedgrid, set up with Township, ca. 105 km S of Hearst; 48ø40'N, belIied Sapsucker,2.5: Ruby-crownedKing- chain and compass).Description of Plot: A 83ø56'W,NTS map 42B/12, Greenhill River. let, 2.5: Ovenbird,2.5: Yellow-belliedFlycatch- large meadow-likeclearcut. The original Continuity: New. Size: 9 ha = 22.24 acres er, 2: Red-eyed Vireo, 2: Ruffed Grouse, 1.5, standof Black Spruce(Picea mariana) (62o70), (squarewith 50 m flaggedgrid, set up with Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1.5; Brown Creeper, Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) (19o7o),Balsam chain and compass).Description of Plot: A 1.5: Winter Wren, 1.5: Blue Jay, 1: Bay- F•r (Abies balsamea) 7%, Quaking Aspen rich, overmaturemixedwood upperslope and breastedWarbler, 1; Purple Finch, 1: Dark- (Populustremuloides) (7%), Balsam Poplar crest.There are many large trees(25 m ht.) as eyed Junco, 1; Solitary Vireo, 0.5: Blackpoll (Populusbalsamifera) (3%), and White Birch well as a thick shrub and tree regeneration Warbler, 0.5: Mourning Warbler, 0.5: Scarlet (Betula papyrifera) (2ø7o)extends over many layer. The largest and oldesttrees in the area Tanager, 0.5; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 0.5 squarekilometers on the basinof glacialLake are about 250 years old but there are also sew Total: 30 species: 136 territorial males or Objlbway.Several thousand hectares in Mil- eral youngerage classesdown to newseedlings. females (1511/kin 2, 612/100 acres). Visitors: dred Townshipwere clearcutin 1975. Since There is denseundergrowth to 2 m, with heavy Black-backed Three-toed Woodpecker, N harvestingthere has been somedevelopment coverto 5 m and moderatecover to the highest Three-toed Woodpecker,Alder Flycatcher,E of the shrubcommunity. The onlytree regen- crownsowing to the unevenage and sizecom- Wood Pewee, Olive-sided Flycatcher, Gray erat•on is of a few advancedgrowth Black positionof the stand.The groundcover is typ- Jay, Black-cappedChickadee, Boreal Chick- Sprucesaplings and some Quaking Aspen ical of open boreal mixedwooddominated by adee, Am. Robin, Hermit Thrush, Veery, suckers. There are no trees. The diverse Bunchberry (Comus canadensis), Bracken Cedar Waxwing, N. Parula, Black-throated groundcover is predominatlyLindley's Aster (pteridiumaquih'num), Bluebead Lily (Clin- Blue Warbler, Black-throated Green Warbler, (Asterciliolatus), Fireweed (Epilobium angus- tonia borealis)and Bristly Clubmoss(L. vcopo- Chestnut-sided Warbler, Am. Redstart, Pine ttfohum),Wrid Sirawberry(Fragaria virginiana), dium annolinum) with significant cover of Siskin,Lincoln's Sparrow. Remarks: The excep- Bluejoint(Calamagrostt• canadensis), Sphag- Goldthread(Coptis groenlan&'cum), False Lily- tionally dense Balsam Fir regeneration is hum moss,Brownish Sedge (Carex brunnescens), of-the-valley (Maianlhemum canadensis), almost totally destroyedby Spruce Budworm Three-seededSedge (C. trisperma), Wood Starflower (Trienlalis borealis), Feather Moss with 148 of 154 sampledtrees having >95% of Rush (Luzula parvifiora), and Woodland (pleurozium schreberi), Interrupted Fern current year's growth removedand most were Horsetail (Equisetum sylvaticum). The low (Osmundacla. vloniana), and Ground Pine (L. totally defoliated. Many of the very large shrublayer consists of LabradorTea (Ledurn obscurum).The sparselow shrub layer is Bush 30-40 cm dbh) Balsam Fir died from defolia- groenlandicum),Prickly Rose (Rosa acicularis), Honeysuckle (Dietvilla hmicera) and Blue- tion during the survey period. The diverse Dwarf Blackberry(Rubus pubescens),and berry (Vacciniumangustifolium). Mountain nature of overmature mixedwoods with a mul- Red Raspberry(R. strigosus).The sparsetall Maple (Acer spicalum) and Beaked Hazel tiple age stand is clearly shownin this plot. A shrub categoryis dominated by Speckled (Corylus cornuta) dominate the tall shrub White-throated Sparrow nest was found, and Alder (Alnusrugosa) with occasionalstems of layer with someGreen Alder (Alnus crispa), a Ruffed Grouse with 6 chicks was on the plot Juneberry(Amelanchier spp.) and Glandular Juneberry(Amelanchier spp.) and Mountain during June.The recurringproblem of what to B•rch(Betula glandulosa). Shrub stems/acre Ash(Sorbus spp.). Regeneration is principally do with non-territorialspecies is clearlyshown (shrubspecies >20 in. ht.), 1376:sapling stems Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea) with some Black by the EveningGrosbeaks. They were present /acre (treespecies 20 in. ht. to 1 in. dbh),282. Spruce (picea mariana) White Spruce (P. on all 8 surveyswith the compositemap show- There are no small irees. Total vegetative glauca),Quaking Aspen (Populus lremuloides), ing 4 distinct activity centres;each of which cover,53%; groundcover excluding tree and and White Birch(Belula papyrifera). A quan- had 5 or more records. The number of birds in shrub species,39%; low shrub cover,13%; titative surveyof the trees gave:Trees >4 in. the groupsremained quite constant(best esti- and tall shrubscover, 1%. There is no canopy. dbh: 151 stems/acre, total basal area 66.9 ft2/ mates of 2, 4, 6, and 6) so we have assumed at Edge:Surrounded on all sidesby similarhab- acre. Speciescomprising the large tree class: least 18 breedingbirds. Althoughit is unlikely itat. The NE corner touches the bank of the Black Spruce,34, 22, 19; Quaking Aspen,21, the sex ratio wasequal we were unableto get Ftre River. Topography: Flat old lake basin 14, 21: White Birch, 18, 12, 10; Jack Pine accurate sex ratios and have used 9 as an esti- w•th essentiallyno relief. Elevation: About (Pinusbanksiana), 13, 9, 12. Treesby diam- mate of the minimum number of breeders. 1140 ft; lowest land in the immediate area. eter class:3 (4-6 in. dbh), 26, 17, 3.3, 5; 4 (6-8 Weather: Temperaturevarying 2-20øC,gen- in. dbh), 27, 18, 7.4, 11; 5 (8-10 in. dbh), 40, 26, 183. BOREAL CONIFER-UNCUT LOW- erally clear exceptheavy cloud twice and fog 17.4, 26; 6 (>10 in. dbh), 59, 39, 38.8, 58. Shrub LAND. -- Location: Ontario, Mildred Town- once Windsnil to light.Coverage: 1978: Each stems/acre(shrub species >20 in. hr.), 5192; ship, ca. 105 km S of Hearst; 48ø41'N, 83ø squarehalf of the plot wassurveyed separately, saplingstems/acre (tree species 20 in. ht. to 1 56'W, NTS map 42B/12, Greenhill River eachhalf beingvisited eight times. The W half in. dbh),1218; small tree stems/acre (tree spe- Continuity: New. Size: 6 ha = 14.8 acres (a wascovered May 26; June8, 15, 19, 24, 27; July cies I in. to 4 in. dbh), 227. Total vegetative squareof uncuttimber within Census177 with
Volume 34, Number 1 93 a 50 m flaggedgrid, set up with chain and scale, Dept Energy, Mines and Resources tion: 5275-5400 ft Weather: Temperature compass).Description of Plot: A residual Continuity: New. Size: 14.8 ha = 36.6 acres was usuallymild, 5-15øC(ranged 1-20ø); wind island of almost pure Black Spruce(Picea (trapezoidal, measured by steel tape, sides was mostly calm to light, usually W or NW, rnariana) in the midst of a clearcut. The stand 22.50 X 21.64 X 12.05 X 22.29 chains; W cloudcover .was generally clear; storms allowed isdense but the average tree size is small (longest)and E (shortest)sides were parallel only partial coveragestwice and interrupted m) and the trees were left for further growth and ran N-S, N side followed azimuth 104ø temporarily a third (a brief snowstorm,May when the surroundingtimber was cut in 1972. (284ø),S side 74ø (254ø).Description of Plot: 31). Coverage:May 31; June 3, 10-11, 17, 19, The heavyground cover has abundantSphag- Situated on a terrace above the confluence of 26, 27, 29-30; July 6:0500-1100 and 1330- nurn mosses and Feather Moss (Pleuroziurn the SheetRiver and BluerockCreek. Although 1945.Total: 29.5 (1 or 2 persons)party-hours, schreberi)with frequent Goldthread(Coptis three coniferousspecies dominated the plant 38.5 man-hours. Census: Golden-crowned groenlandicurn), Twinflower (Linnea borealis), communities,a few deciduoustrees, Quaking Kinglet, 9 (61, 25); Ruby-crownedKinglet, 8 Plume Moss fftylocornniumsplendens), Mniurn Aspen (Populus trernuloides) and Balsam (54, 22); SwainsoWsThrush, 7.5 (51, 20), spp., Ptiliurn crista castrensis, and Two- Poplar (P. balsarnifera)occurred in isolated Dark-eyed Junco, 7 (47, 19); Yellow-rumped seededSedge (Carex disperrna).Low shrub patches along the S and N boundaries. Warbler, 6.5 (44, 18); Boreal Chickadee, 4 (27, coveris Dwarf Blackberry(Rubus pubescens), Althoughthe coniferswere usually well inter- 11); Gray Jay, 3 (20, 8); Am. Robin, 3; Brown- Labrador Tea (Ledurngroenlandicurn), Red spersed,pine was dominant in the SW corner. headedCowbird, 3; Townsend'sWarbler, 2 5, Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) and Successionaltrends appear to be occurring ChippingSparrow, 2; SpruceGrouse, 1; Red- Creeping Snowberry(Gaultheria hispidula). toward establishmentof a forest of Subalpine breasted Nuthatch, 1; Pine Grosbeak, 1, The only tall shrub is SpeckledAlder Olinus Fir overspruce, which are togetherregenerat- Pileated Woodpecker, 0.5; N. Three-toed rugosa).Tree regenerationis almost totally ing to replacethe decadentpine. Shrubsthat Woodpecker, 0.5; Townsend's Solitaire, + Black Spruce with occasionalsmall Balsam were not detectedusing standard procedures Total: 17 species;59.5 territorial males(402/ Fir Olbiesbalsarnea). A quantitativesurvey of (shorterthan shoulderheight) include Cana- km 2, 163/100 acres). Visitors: Corn. Fhcker, the large trees gave: Trees >4 in. dbh; 562 dian Buffalo Berry (Sheperdia canadensis), W. Flycatcher, W. Wood Pewee,Barn Swal- stems/acre, total basal area 106.9 ft2/acre. Alder Olinus crispa), Ground Juniper (luniper low, Com. Raven, Am. Redstart, Pine Siskin, Species comprising the tree class: Black cornrnunis), Prickly Rose (Rosaacicularis ) and Red Crossbill. White-winged Crossbill Spruce, 562, 100, 100. Trees by diameter Low Bilberry (Vacciniurn myrtillus). Buffalo Remarks: Nestsfound: Dark-eyedJunco, (1) class:3 (4-6 in. dbh), 350, 62, 48.1, 45; 4 (6-8 Berry,the most abundantshrub, and Juniper and Pine Grosbeak (1). Because of earlier in. dbh), 197, 35, 52.4, 49; 5 (8-10 in. dbh), 15, were widelydistributed, whereas Alder occurred breeding seasonsneither the territories of 3, 6.4, 6. Shrubstems/acre (shrub species >20 in patchesup to approx.0.1 acre in sizein a Gray Jaysnor owls(not obseived)were defined in. ht.), 4435; saplingstems/acre (tree species few low, opensites. The understorywas dom- Gray Jayshad mobileyoung during the study 20 in. ht. to 1 in. dbh), 134; small tree stems/ inated largely by Feathermoss(Hylocorniurn Pine Siskinswere numerous but rarelyshowed acre (tree speciesI in. to 4 in. dbh), 348. Total splendens),which formed a spongymat through- territorialbehavior. Spruce Grouse were more vegetative cover is 133%, including 73% out much of the plot, especiallyin moist, low, numerousthan indicated(probably 2 or 3 ter- groundcover, 11% low shrub cover, 18% tall shaded, or flat portions.No standingwater ritorial males)but male 'clapping'.i.e. detect- shrub cover, and 31% cover by tree species occurred.A quantitivesurvey of the vegetation ability, ceasedmidway in the study.Arrivals of (Black Spruce 31%); canopy closure, 96%. gavethe followingresults: Trees 3 in. in diam- ChippingSparrOws and mostthrushes occurred Edge:Surrounded on all sidesby clearcutwith eter and over based upon six 0.1 acre circular after the studywas well underway. Another4 the Fire River forming the E boundary and samples.389/acre; total basal area 110.3 ft2/ specieswere detectedwith regularity near the extensivecutting beyond. Topography: Flat acre. Speciescomprising 100% of the total edgesof the plot,including Olive-sided Flycatch- alluvial terrace of the Fire River. Elevation: numberof trees(figures after eachspecies give er, Varied Thrush, Hermit Thrush, and Wal- About 1160 ft; lowest land in the immediate the numberof trees/acre,relative density (%), bling Vireo. Poplar and alder were only tully area. Weather: Temperature varying from relative dominanceand frequencyin that leafed-out in the final stagesof the study -1-24øC, mostlyclear exceptlight rain on May sequence):White SpruceOVicea glauca) 306. Thanks to the Fish and Wildlife Division- 27, winds nil except for strong gusts on 1 79, 77, 100; LodgepolePine (Pinuscontorta) Kananaskis Country Planning Team, Alberta survey. Coverage: 1978: Surveyedtogether 40, 10, 12, 100; Subalpine fir (Abies lasio- Forest Service, University of Alberta, R B with Plot 177on May 27; June3, 8, 13, 17, 21, carpa) 43, 11, 11. 100.Total treesby diameter Miller. Biol. Station, Univ. of Calgary, Kana- 29; July 3; between 0445-1245 hrs, EDT. sizeclass (figures after eachclass give number naskisExperiment Station and to Jamie Pod- Total: Est. 11 man-hours. Census: Tennessee of trees/acre, relative density(%), basal area lubuyand A. N. Wiseley.--ALLENN. WISE- Warbler, 6 (100,41); Yellow-rumpedWarbler, in ft2/acre, and relative dominance in that LEY. Fish and Wildlift, Division, #100-140 - 4 (67, 27); Spruce Grouse, 3 (50, 20); Least sequence):A (3-6 in.) 192,49, 19.2, 17; B (6-9 1st Ave. SW. Ca&,ur.v.Alberta, Canada T2P Flycatcher,3; NashvilleWarbler, 3; CapeMay in.) 136, 35.40.8, 37; C (9-15 in.) 59. 15, 47.4. OA5. Warbler, 3; Ruby-crownedKinglet, 2; Alder 43; D (15-21 in.) 2, 0, 2.9, 3. Shrub stemsper Flycatcher,1.5; White-throatedSparrow, 1.5; acre, 325 (using correctedformula). In nearly 185. ASPEN FOREST. -- Location: Lincoln'sSparrow, 1.5; Yellow-belliedFlycatch- all casesshrubs counted were young fir or Manitoba; Morton Municipality; near er, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 1; Magnolia Warbler, spruce. Ground cover 87.5%; canopy cover Boissevain,322 m E of Hwy. 446 on the N 1; BlackburnJan Warbler, 1; Corn. Yellow- 61%; averagecanopy height 66 ft (range53-76 boundary of Turtle Mountain Prov. Park, throat, 1. Total: 15 species;33.5 territorial ft). Coreboring of the largesttree in eachsam- Sect. 31, R20, T1; 49ø05'N, 100ø08'W, males or females (559/km 2, 226/100 acres). ple plot showeda meanage of 142years and a Deloraine 62 F/1. Continuity: Estabhshed Visitors: Gray Jay, Swainson's Thrush, range of 100-184years. Dead, standingtrees 1977; 3 consecutiveyears. Size: 16 ha = 39 5 Chestnut-sidedWarbler, Blackpoll Warbler, were numerousand many live treeshad been acres. Description of Plot: See AB 33'96-97 Palm Warbler, N. Waterthrush, Mourning downed recently (neither were counted in (1979). Weather: Temperatures and Warbler, Wilson's Warbler, Dark-eyed Junco. samples).Edge: Similar forestalong all but W precipitation were near normal during June Remarks:The abrupt edgebetween the uncut and WN edges,which gradedinto more open Heavysnowfall during the extremelylong and and surrounding clearcut is recognizedby forestwith a higher percentageof pine. Dirt cold winter caused flooding in the sedge mostspecies. This standis the only accessible roads paralleled the S and N edges.generally meadows and parts of the forest floor BlackSpruce lowland left in the area.Although away from the boundariesbut contactedthe Coverage:June 4, 6, 8, 12-13, 15, 25, 28, 30, many of the speciesare typical of the habitat plot at the centralS edgeand cut throughthe 0500-0740, CDT. Total man-hours: 16. Cen- there are undoubtedly some missing that NE corner. Ground covervegetation was not sus:Least Flycatcher, 19.5 (122, 49); Red-eyed wouldbe found in larger standsand the edge noticeably different at these roadsides,and Vireo, 11 (69, 28); Ovenbird, 9 (56, 23); House speciesare naturally somewhatoverabundant. bird territoriesbridged the small road transect- Wren, 3 (19, 8); N. Waterthrush, 2.5; Great The majorvalue of the plot is as an exampleof ing the corner. Topography:The land rose CrestedFlycatcher, 2; Corn. Yellowthroat, 2, what remains in a small remnant island. toward the W, was bounded by a marked Am. Redstart, 2; Veery, 1.5; Brown-headed N-facingslope on the W-N edge,by a marked Cowbird, 1; Broad-wingedHawk, +; Hmry 184. WHITE SPRUCE FOREST. -- Loca- S-facingslope on the W-S edge,and wasrel- Woodpecker, +. Total: 12 species; 535 tion: Alberta;Sheep River at BluerockCreek, ativelyflat in theE half.A seriesof ridgesand territorial males/females (335/km 2, 135/100 33.4 km, WSW of Turner Valley, 50ø36'N, unconnectedhills were orientedusually in an acres).Visitors: Mallard, Blue-wingedTeal, 114ø44'W, Mount Rae mapsheet 1:50,000 E-W directionover much of the plot. Eleva- Ruffed Grouse, Black-billed Cuckoo, E
94 AmericanBirds, January 1980 Kingbird, E Wood Pewee,Blue Jay, Com Continuity:Established 1965, 13 intermittent nated by either a 30 or 45 minute census Crow, Black-cappedChickadee, Cedar Wax- years.Size: 8.09 ha = 20 acres.Description of depending on 'whether an interior or wing,Mourning Warbler, N. Oriole,Rose- Plot: See AFN 19:625-627 (1965). Coverage: breasted Grosbeak. Remarks: Most species May 16, 27; June 3, 9-10, 18. Total hours: peripheralroute (perimeterof plot) was appearto be recoveringfrom a decreasein 17.5. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 20 (247, taken. No censuses were taken when populationfrom 1977 to 1978. Least Flycat- 100); Swamp Sparrow, 14 (173, 70); Yellow either the wind exceeded 16 km/hr or cherscontinued to increasewith a population Warbler, 9 (111, 45); Virginia Rail, 8 (99, 40); whenprecipitation exceeded a light driz- more than double that found in 1978 and Mallard, 4 (49, 20); Willow Flycatcher,4; zle. Temperatures varied from 8-21øC three times the 1977 total. Some of these Long-billedMarsh Wren, 4; CedarWaxwing, changesmay be relatedto the lesswidespread 2; Com. Yellowthroat, 2; Am. Goldfinch, 2; (most between 12-15 ø). defohationof the canopyby foresttent cater- Canada Goose, 1; Mallard-Black Duck, 1; Vegetationsamples were taken along pillars than in the two previousyears. Com- Wood Duck, 1; E. Kingbird, 1; Tree Swallow, two randomly chosen transects with mon Yellowthroat and Veery numbers con- 1. Total: 15 species; 74 territorial males plant coversampled on 1-m2 plotsat 5 m t•nuedto decline,possibly a resultof the deep (914/km 2, 370/100 acres). Remarks: Com- water in willow (Salix spp.) patchesand the paredto 1978,there was a spectaculardecline intervalsand, whenshrubs were present, floodingof partsof the forestfloor. -- DAN in species,from 24 to 15, and in number of shrubstems counted on 16m2 plotsat 10 GUINAN, Dept. of Mines, Natural Resources territorial males, from 194.5 to 74, owing m intervals.On the 1-m2 plots ground and Environment, 1495 St. James Street, Win- primarily to the greatestflooding in 13 years surfacecover of each plant speciesand ntpeg,Canada R3H 0 W9. of censusing.A secondarycause of declinewas the kill-off of highervegetation and thinning dead vegetation were recorded in 5% 186. ASPEN FOREST. -- Location: Mani- of the basic Buttonbush (Cephalanthus oc- incrementsor by a 1 if presentin trace toba, Mantagao Wildlife ManagementArea, cidentalis),Meadowsweet (Spiraea alba), and amounts. Since some of the plots con- 7 7 mi NW of the junction of provincial road willow(Salix sp.) from harshwinters, deep ice, rainedmuch low-lying Sweet Gale (Myrica 325 and S MantagaoLake Road; 51ølTN, 97ø and high water conditions.On May 16, the gale) and Dwarf Birch (Betula purnila), 58'W, Hecla 62P/4. Continuity: New. Size: 16 generalnumbers seemed normal accordingto ha = 39.5 acres.Description of Plot: The dom- pastyears. On May 27, followingheavy rain shrubshad to be >1.5 m high. Water mant canopytree is QuakingAspen (Populus on May 23-25, the entire censusarea was 3 ft depths were measured at random in tremuloides).Beaked Hazel (Con.,luscornuta), under water, canoeable all over. Only 2 June. Plot nameswere based on the pre- Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnt.'folia), Choke Swamp Sparrowsout of an approximate50 dominant plant species(>15% relative CherryOørunus virginiana) and DownyArrow- remained. Evacuationof this speciesand of cover). wood (Viburnum rafinesqueanum),predom- Virginia Rails was most dramatic. All inated amongthe higher shrubs.The lower passerineswere in a state of retreat or with- Two important factorshad a potential shrubswere dominated by BeakedHazel, Sas- drawal. Numbers are based on subsequent impacton the breedingbird populations katoon,raspberry, rose and Snowberry•vm- visits showinglimited return, as the water First, the breedingseason was preceded phortcarposoccidentalis). The ground cover level droppedto normal; most speciesnever by an exceptionallylate spring, which was composedlargely of variousgrasses and recovered.Only Red-wingedBlackbirds at- vetcheswith Sarsaparilla(Aralia nudicaulis) tained more than half their normal density. delayedfoliation and floweringof plants and strawberrythe most common. A quan- SwampSparrows were reduced from 50 to 14. by 2-3 weeks.Second, Lake Superiorhad titative surveyof 10 vegetationsubplots (10 X Song Sparrow (formerly 8), Brown-headed abnormallyhigh water levels during June 10 m each)gave the followingresults for trees: Cowbird (formerly 4), and Alder Flycatcher, and July. The water levels for June of 582/acre; total basal area 552 cm2/acre. (formerly2) were eliminatedentirdy. Thanks QuakingAspen was the onlytree encountered. to Jim Cavanaugh.--ANDREWMAGEE, 34 1979 were about 20 cm above average Treesby diametersize class: A (2-5 cm), 28.7, HobsonSt., SpringfieM,Mass. 01109. (1900 to 1978) and only about 5 cm lower 5, 30, B (5-10 cm), 292, 72, 23, 80; C (10-15 than the June maximum 1951. cm), 183, 45, 40, 90; D (15-20 cm), 77, 19, 34, Thanks to JoAnn Hanowski, Bonnie BreedingBird Censusesin Wetlands 50, E (20-30 cm), 4, 1, 3, 10. Shrub stems/ Niemi, the Lake SuperiorBasin Studies acre, 1899; ground cover, 78.9%; canopy of the St. Louis River Estuary, Center, and the Department of Biology cover,55.5%; averagecanopy height, 33.5 ft. Wisconsin - Minnesota. Edge:Bordered on all sidesby similarhabitat. at the Universityof Minnesota,Duluth, Several small meadows are located in the SE for providing assistance,facilities, and cornerand centralportion of the plot. Topog- The following 12 breeding bird cen- equipment. -- GERALD J. NIEMI, raphy:Flat. l•levafion:About 875 tt. Weathen suses were conducted, at the extreme Basicallyclear and warm. Coverage: June 4, 7, Dept. of Biological Science, Florida 15, 17, 25-26, 29; July 6; 0500-0830. Total westernend of Lake Superior, to collect State Univ., Tallahassee, Fla. 32306. man-hours: 20. Census:Least Flycatcher, 12 baseline information on breeding birds (75, 30); Red-eyedVireo, 6 (38, 15); Ovenbird, of shorline-wetland communities. The 188. CALLA-SEDGE WETLAND. -- 3 (19, 8); HouseWren, 3; Mourning Warbler, primarywetland type was composed pre- 3, Gleat CrestedFlycatcher, 2; Clay-colored Location:Wisconsin; Douglas Co., S end of Sparrow,2; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Ten- dominantlyof sedge(Cyperaceae, mostly SpiritLake on the St. Louis River; 46ø3q3TN, nesseeWarbler, 1; Veery, 1; Philadelphia Carex spp.), intermixed to varying 92ø12'2•W, West Duluth, Minn.-Wis Vireo, 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; White- degreeswith severalother species.The Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 1 ha = 2.47 acres(square, measured with 25 m throatedSparrow, 1; N. Oriole, +. Total: 14 plotswere establishedeach within a rel- species;37 territorialmales (231/km 2, 94/100 ropeand compass).Description of Plot: A per- acres).Visitors: Tree Swallow,Blue Jay,Cedar atively homegeneousarea throughout sistentemergent wetland that variedin depth Waxwing, Chestnut-sidedWarbler, Brown- the estuary; size was determined by the from 0.1 to 0.9 m. The plot wascomposed of headed Cowbird, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: minimum wetland segmentunder inves- both Wild Calla and sedgewith scattered Nests found (2); Great Crested Flycatcher, tigation with allowancefor a minimum Corn. Cat-tail. The vegetationheight varied from 0.7 m in uniform Wild Calla patches Veery. --NICHOLAS J. FOK Dept. Qf 10 m buffer from the shorelineedge and Mmes, Natural Resources and Environment, (usually deep water) to 1 m in sedge- a 25 m buffer from a different habitat 1495 St. James Street, Winnipeg, Canada, dominatedareas and up to 1.5 m whereCom R3H 0 W9. type. Cat-tail werefound. Twenty-two m z sub-plots The plots were divided into two equal were measured and by cover showed 79% 187. SHRUBBY SWAMP AND SEDGE greenvegetation, 7% dead vegetation,and groups, each censusedbetween 0445- HUMMOCKS.- Location: Connecticut; Lit- 14% openwater. Predominantplant species, chfield Co., N end of Bantam Lake, White 1030, CDT. The censusof each plot per which comprised88% relative coverof all Memorial Foundation,Litchfield; 41ø43'0TN, group was rotated by time of day, and greenvegetaion, were Wild Calla(30ø70 relative 73ø12'27'W, Litchfield Quadrangle, USGS. the duration of each census was alter- cover,15ø7o relative frequency), sedge (25, 17),
Volume34, Number1 95 Com Cattail (12, 14), Broad-leaved Superior Harbor, 46ø41'N, 91ø59'54"W; hours S Census:Red-winged Blackbird, S S Arrowhead(9, 10), Marsh Cinquefoil(6, 7), Parkland, Wis.-Minn. Quadrangle, USGS. (550, 223), Sora, 1.S; Long-balledMarsh and Bur-reed(6, 5). Eight 16m:sub-plots were Continuity: New. Size: 1 ha = 2.47 acres Wren, 0.S. Total: 3 species;7.5 territorial measured and showed 78 shrub stems/ha. (square,measured with 25 m rope and com- males or females (750/km:, 304/100 acres) These were primarily sparsely distributed pass). Description of Plot: A persistent Visitors: Blue-winged Teal,. Wood Duck, willows.Edge: Borderedon the W side (10- emergentwetiand which varied in depthfrom Black Tern, Rough-wingedSwallow, Cliff 30m)by non-persistentemergent wetland and 0.1 to 1 m. The plot wasprimarily sedge in- Swallow,Purple Martin, Corn. Yellowthroat. the openwater of the St. LouisRiver. Similar termixed with Bogbean (Menyanthes Remarks: Nests found: Red-winged Black- vegetationwas a minumum of 25 m on all trifoliata) and SweetGale dominatingthe S bird, 3; Sofa, 1. One male Long-billedMarsh other sides. Topography: Similar to census edge.Vegetation height varied from the 1 m Wren movedonto the plot on July 11 after the 193 exceptresidential development was about sedgelayer to the 1.S m sparselydistributed majorityof Red-wingedBlackbird males had 1S0 m away. Elevation: 185m. Weather: See cat-tail. Thirty-two m 2 sub-plots were dispersed.Six pairsof BlackTerns nestedin- introduction. Coverage:June 11, 14, 19, 23, measuredand by cover showed82% green the non-persistentemergent wetland about 10 30; July 6, 13, 19; 0500-0935, CDT. Total vegetation,2% deadvegetation, and 16% open m from the N edge. man-hours:S. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, water. The predominantplant species,which 4 S (450, 182); Virginia Rail, 1; Long-billed comprised87% relative cover of all green 192. SEDGE-CALLA WETLAND. -- Marsh Wren, 0.S. Total: 3 species; 6 vegetation,were sedge(41% relative cover, Location:Minnesota; St. LouisCo., S edgeof territorial males or females (600/km 2, 243/100 16% relative frequency),Bogbean (19, 8), Mud Lake on the St. Louis River; 46ø3q31"N, acres). Visitors: Am. Bittern, Mallard, Blue- SweetGale (9, 6), Broad-leavedArrowhead (7, 92ø12'28•W, West Duluth, Minn-Wis. winged Teal, Sofa, Tree Swallow, Bank 10), Marsh Cinquefoil(6, 9), and Cat-tail (5, Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 1 Swallow, Barn Swallow, Cliff Swallow. 6). Thirteen 16m2 sub-plotswere measured ha = 2.47 acres(square, measured with 25 m Remarks:Nests found: Red-winged Blackbird and showed 624 shrub stems/ha. These shrubs ropeand compass). Description of Plot: A per- 13. The Virginia Rail observationswere wereprimarily Dwarf Birch'and willow(Salix sistentemergent wetland, which varied in dep- associated with Sweet Gale and Dwarf Birch spp.).Edge: Bordered on the N (10-30m) by th from 0.3 to 1.4 m, primarily sedgein- foundat the E edge. the open water of Allouez Bay. Similar termixed with Wild Calla and sparseCom wetland a minimum of2S m on all other sides. Cat-tail. Vegetationheight varied from 1 m 189. CAT-TAIL-BUR-REED WETLAND. Topography:Similar to Census195 except sedgeup to the 1.7 m cat-tail. Thirty-fourm 2 --Location: Wisconsin; Douglas Co., bet- that the plot was 1 km from industrial or sub-plotswere measured and by covershowed ween Hog Island and mainland in the residentialdevelopment and 1 km from the 56% green vegetation,4% dead vegetation, SuperiorHarbor Basin of the Duluth Superior road. Elevation: 185 m. Weather: See in- and 40% open water. Predominant plant Harbor; 46ø42'9•N, 92ø02'11"W, Superior, troduction.Coverage: June 7, 13, 18, 22, 28; species,which comprised 89% relativecover of Wis.-Minn. Quadrangle,USGS. Contunlty: July 5, 11, 18; 0445-1030, CDT. Total man- all greenvegetation were sedge (49% relative New. Size:1 ha = 2.47 acres(rectangular 111 hours: S. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 6 cover,19% relative frequency), Wild Calla(21, X 90 m, measuredwith 25 m rope and com- (600, 243); Virginia Rail, 1.S; Swamp 1S),Com. Cat-tail (9, 11),Marsh Cinquefoil(S, pass). Description of Plot: A persistent Sparrow, 1.S; Mallard, 1; Com. Yellowthroat, 11), and Broad-leavedArrowhead (S, 9) No emergentwetland which varied in depthfrom 1. Total: S species;11 territorial males or shrubswere found. Edge: Borderedon the N 0.2 to 1 m. The plot wasprimarily cat-tail with females (1100/km 2, 445/100 acres). Visitors: (10-15m)by non-persistentemergent wetland Bur-reed, Broad-leaved Arrowhead, and Black Duck, Blue-wingedTeal, Wood Duck, and the open water of Mud Lake. Slmdar sedge.Vegetation height varied from the 1 m Black Tern, Tree Swallow, Bank Swallow, vegetationwas a minimum of 25 m on all arrowheadand sedgeto the 1.8 m cat-tail and Barn Swallow, Cliff Swallow. Remarks: Nests other sides.Topography: Part of an extensive Bur-reed. Thirty-two m2 sub-plots were found: Red-wingedBlackbird, S; Virginia wetland (100 + ha) adjacentto the St. Louis measured and by cover showed68% green Rail, 1. The Virginia Rail, SwampSparrow, River. Mud Lake (about 40 ha) was a bay of vegetation,10% dead vegetation,and 22% and Com. Yellowthroat were associated with the river and formed the nucleus of the openwater. Predominant plant species, which the woodySweet Gale - DwarfBirch portion of wetland. The plot was about 100 m from an comprised92% relative cover of all green the plot. activerailroad line and an adjacentfrequently vegetation,were Com. Cat-tail (22% relative used road. Elevation: 185 m. Weather: See in- cover,16% relativefrequency), Bur-reed (19, 191. SEDGE-BUR-REED WETLAND. -- troduction.Coverage: June 11, 14, 19, 23, 30, 12), Broad-leavedArrowhead (14, 14), Sedge Location:Wisconsin; Douglas Co., SE end of July 6, 13, 19; 0505-0920, CDT. Total man- (14, 8), Narrow-leavedCat-tail (10, 10), Sweet- AllouezBay in the Duluth-SuperiorHarbor; hours: S. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 3 flag (Acoruscalamus) (8, 5), and Wild Calla 46ø40'55•N, 91øSq2S•W, Parkland, Wis.- (300, 121); Long-billedMarsh Wren, 2 S, (Callapalustris) (5,8). No shrubswere found. Minn. Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. Swamp Sparrow, 2.5. Total: 3 species,8 Edge: Borderedon the E side (10-20m) by Size:1 ha = 2.47 acres(square, measured with territorial malesor females(800/km :, 324/100 non-persistentemergent wetland and a small 25 m rope and compass).Description of Plot: acres).Visitors: Mallard, E. Kingbird, Tree bay of the Superior Harbor Basin. Semi- A persistentemergent wetland, which varied Swallow, Bank Swallow, Purple Martin, uplandvegetation of alder(Alnus rugosa) and in depthfrom 0.3 to 1.2 m, primarilysedge in- Short-billed Marsh Wren, Com. Yellowthroat, willow was a minimum of 10 m from the N and termixed with Bur-reed. Vegetation height Yellow-headed Blackbird. Nests found Red- S edge.Similar vegetation was a minimumof variedfrom the 1 m sedgeto 1 to 1.Sm Bur- winged Blackbird, 3; Long-billed Marsh 50 m on the W edge.Topography: Situated reed and sparselydistributed 1.S to 1.7 m cat- Wren, 3. I had many registrationsof Short- between a 15 ha island (Hog) and the tail. Thirty-five m2 sub-plotswere measured billed Marsh Wren during reconnaissance mainland, 250 m from an abandonedore dock and by cover showed72ø7o green vegetation, near this plot in the summerof 1978 but only to the E and 250 m from a 4 lane U.S. High- 8% dead vegetation,and 20%, open water. recordeda singingmale oncethis year This way and residentialarea to the SW. An in- The predominantplant species,which com- apparent decrease in Short-billed Marsh frequentlyused railroad line wasabout 100 m prised 91% relative cover of all green Wren use may be a result of the abnormally fromthe SW edge.Elevation: 185 m. Weather: vegetation,were sedge(41% relativecover, highwater levels that occurredthis summerin Seeintroduction. Coverage: June 8, 13, 18, 22, 14% relative frequency),Bur-reed (20, 16), the harbor area. The water levels may have 28; July S, 11, 18; 0515-0905, CDT. Total Marsh Cinquefoil (11, 11), Broad-leaved limited the wrens from building their nests man-hours:S. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, Arrowhead (10, 14), and cat-tail (9, 11); there near the ground. Long-billed Marsh Wren 6 (600, 243); Mallard, 1. Total: 2 species;7 wereno shrubs.Edge: Borderedon the N and territories were associated with those areas territorial males or females (700/km 2, 283/100 W (10-30 m) by non-persistentemergent whereCom. Cat-tail providedboth songper- acres). Visitors: Blue-winged Teal, Wood wetlandand the openwater of the confluence chesand nest substrate.Red-winged Black- Duck, Tree Swallow, Cliff Swallow.Remarks: of Bear Creek and Allouez Bay. Similar birds and Long-billed Marsh Wrens also Nests found: Red-winged Blackbird, 2; wetland a minimum of 50 m on the other two showedsome territorial exclusion on this plot Mallard, 1. sides.Topography: Similar to census195 ex- cept that the plot is morethan 1 km from the 193. SEDGE- CAT-TAIL - CALLA WET - 190. SEDGE-BOGBEAN-MYRICA WET- road. Elevation: 185 m. Weather: See in- LAND.--Location: Wisconsin;Douglas Co, S LAND. -- Location: Wisconsin; Douglas troducfion.Coverage: June 7, 13, 18, 22, 28; end of Spirit Lake on the St. Louis River, Co., S end of Allouez Bay in the Duluth- July S, 11, 18; 0500-0930, CDT. Total man- 46ø3g41J'N,92ø1•4•W, West Duluth, Mmn-
96 AmericanBirds, January 1980 A Guide to North American Waterfowl By Paul A. Johnsgard Addresses the needs of waterfowl en- thusiasts who want a source of ready identification of all the ducks, geese, and swans that breed in North America as well as some basic biological data not usually found in field guides. 288 pages, 44 maps, over 60 drawings, 90 head profiles, 16-page color insert $15.95
Waterfowl of North America ,B,yPaul A. Johnsgard ß.. not just another superficial bird book filled with occasional notes on interesting arian habits and exquisite color photos.... A major research work." --High Country News "... a definitive work on waterfowl... well worth the price." --The Loon 624 pages, drawings, maps, photos, 32 in color $27.50 Indiana Birds and Their Haunts A Checklist and Finding Guide By Charles E. Keller, Shirley A. Keller, and Timothy C. Keller Both a finding guide and a comprehensive, annotated checklist of all the birds found in Indiana, from permanent inhabitants and frequent visitors to species that make occasional, rare, or accidental appearances. 224 pages, 14 maps cloth $12.50 paper $6.95 Enjoying Indiana Birds By Alfred (Bud) Starling Drawings by Donna L. McCarty "... reflects a lifetime of experience on the part of a man obviously at one with nature and at home in the field. This book should have a readership well beyond the borders of Indiana." --Roger Tory Peterson 384 pages, 112 line drawings $17.50
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Volume34, Number1 97 W•s Quadrangle,USGS Continuity:New found Red-vangadBlackbird, 1, Sora, 1, vegetation was a minimum ot 25 rn on all Size:1 ha = 2.47acres (square, measured with Long-balledMarsh Wren, 1. Three muskrat other s•des.Topography: Situated rn a srnall 25 rn ropeand compass). Description of Plot: houseswere located on the plot and many of wetlandarea (12 ha)that wasa peninsulaoff A persistentemergent wetland, which varied the waterfowl were associatedwith deeper the Minnesota mainland. An abandoned m depthfrom 0.3 to 1.3 rn, primarilysedge water near thesehouses, especially the Blue- railroadline ran adjacentto the W boundary with lesseramounts of Corn. Cat-tail and Wild wingedTeal. On July11 morethan 25 Bank The plot wasa minimumof 0.S km from rn- Calla.Vegetation height varied from the 0.9 to Swallowswere feeding over the plot or resting dustrial activity. Elevation: 185 rn. Weather: 1 rnsedge to the 1.6rn Corn.Cat-tail. Twenty- on old cat-tail heads. See introduction.Coverage: June 11, 14, 19, onern 2 sub-plotswere measured and by cover 23, 30; July6, 13, 19; 0S00-1000,CDT. Total showed 67% green vegetation,5% dead 194. SEDGE-CAT-TAIL WETLAND. -- rnan-hours:S. Census:Long-billed Marsh vegetation,and 18ø7oopen water. The Location: Minnesota, St. Louis Co., SW end Wren, S (500, 202); Red-wingedBlackbird, 4 predominantplant species, which comprised of Spirit Lake on the St. Louis River; (400, 162); Virg!nia Rail, 1; Corn 90%relative cover of all greenvegetation, were 46ø4ff3•' N, 92ø 11' 56" W, West Duluth, Minn.- Yellowthroat,0.S;_Swamp Sparrow, +. Total: sedge(42% relative cover, 18% realative Wis. Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New. S species;10.S territorial males or fernales frequency),Corn. Cat-tail (16, 17),Wild Calla Size:1 ha = 2.47acres (square, measured with (1050/km2, 425/100 acres). Visitors: Great (13, 11), Marsh Cinquefoil(8, 11), Broad- 25 rn ropeand compass).Description of Plot: Blue Heron, Least Bittern, Am. Bittern, leavedArrowhead (7, 9), and Bur-reed(4, 4). A persistentemergent wetland, which varied Mallard, Blue-wingedTeal, Black Tern, Tree No shrubswere found. Edge: Bordered on the in depthfrom 0.2 to 1.3rn, primarily sedge in- Swallow,Bank Swallow, Barn Swallow,Chff W side (10-40m) by non-persistentemergent termixed with both Narrow-leaved and Corn. Swallow.Remarks: Nestsfound: Red-ranged wetlandand the open water of the St. Louis Cat-tail.Vegetation height varied from the 1 Blackbird, 2. The Least Bittern was observed River. Similarvegetation was a minimumof rn sedgeto the 1.5-1.8rn Cat-tail.Vegetation twicein the SW cornerof the plot whereCom 50 rn on all other sides.Topography: Part of heightvaried from the 1 rn sedgeto the 1.5-1.8 Cat-tail was interspersedwith open, deep an extensivewetland area (100+ ha) adjacent rn Cat-tail. Thirty-six m2 sub-plots were water(1-1.Srn). Long-billed Marsh Wren and to the relativelyslow-rnoving St. LouisRiver, 1 measuredand by cover showed72ø7o green Red-wingedBlackbird territories showed very km from industrialactivity and 0.3 km frorn vegetation,10% dead vegetation,and 18ø7o little overlap. residentialdevelopment. Elevation: 185 rn. openwater. Predorninant plant species, which Weather: See introduction. Coverage: June cornprised92% relativecover of all green 195. SEDGE - POTENTILLA - CAT- 11, 14, 19, 23, 30; July 6, 13, 19; 0445-0995, vegetation,were Sedge(65ø70 relative cover, TAIL-PHRAGMITES WETLAND. -- Loca- CDT. Total man-hours: 5. Census: Red- 28% relativefrequency), Narrow-leaved Cat- tion: Wisconsin;Douglas Co., SE end of wingedBlackbird, 6 (600, 243), Blue-winged tail (10, 10), Corn. Cat-tail (7, 14), Broad- AllouezBay in the Duluth-SuperiorHarbor, Teal, 1; Sofa, 1; Long-billedMarsh Wren, 1; leavedArrowhead (5, 8), and SweetGale (5, 5). 46ø4(Y55'N, 91ø58'2TW, Parkland, W•s- Yellow-headed Blackbird, 0.5, Corn. Fourteen16m • sub-plotswere rneasured and Minn. Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: New Yellowthroat, +. Total: 6 species; 9.5 showed 490 shrub stems/ha. Shrubs were Size:1 ha = 2.47acres (square, measured with territorial males or females(950/krn 2, 385/100 primarily SweetGale with some Meadow- 25 m ropeand compass).Deserlption of Plot: acres). Visitors: Mallard, Black Duck, Wood sweet(Spirea alba). Edge: Bordered on the N A persistentemergent wetland, which varied Duck, Black Tern, Tree Swallow, Bank (10-20rn) by non-persistentemergent wetland in depth frorn 0.1 to 1 m, prirnarily sedge Swallow, Cliff Swallow. Remarks: Nests and the open water of Spirit Lake. Similar intermixedwith Marsh Cinquefoil(Potentilia palustris),Cat-tail, and Reed Grass(Phrag- mites communis).Vegetation height varmd from 1 rn sedgeto 1.7 m patchesof Corn Cat- tail (Typha lat•folia) and one 2 rn patch (0 2 ha) of mixed Reed Grass and Narrow-leaved Cat-tail (T. angustt.'folia).Thirty-three m2 sub-plotswere measured and by covershowed 71% green vegetation,9% dead vegetation, TANZANIA,.B.AFRiCa and 20ø70open water. The predominantplant species,which comprised 89% relativecover of 18& 25 Days,All Inclusive,BiFdeF SafaFlS all vegetation,were sedge (29% relativecover, 18% relative frequency),Marsh Cinquefoil Study,Learn and Photograph Spectacular Wildlife and Scenery of (16, 12), Reed Grass (12, 6), Water Horsetail Mt. Kilimanjaroß Serengetiß Mt. Meru ß LakeManyara (Equisetum.fiuviatile) (10, 4), Narrow-leaved ß NgorngoroCraterß OlduvaiGorge ß Tarangireß Ruaha Cat-tail (9, 3), Broad-leavedArrowhead (Sag- ß Selous ß Mikumi ß Usambara ß Mkumazi ittaria lati•blia) (7, 11), and Corn. Cat-tail (6, 6). Fourteen16rn: sub-plotswere measured and showed 1607 shrub sterns/ha. These LIMITED TO 5 PARTICIPANTS ß NO RUSH APPROACH shrubswere primarily Sweet Gale and Dwarf Birchabout 1.5 to 2 rn high.Edge: Bordered on the N side (10-30m) by non-persistent Over700 birds& 100 mammalspecies checklisted for areas emergentwetland and open water of Allouez Bay. Similar wetland was a minimum of 25 rn Arranged& Conductedby SAFARI DEPARTURE DATES: Dr. Jim C. Hitchcock on all other sides.Topography: Part of an extensive wetland area (about 200 ha) shel- JUNE 20, 1980 JULY 11, 1980 FieldBiologist/Naturalist tered from Lake Superiorby a long (4 krn), AUGUST 1,1980 narrow (50-600 rn) Sand Bar, WisconsinPornt JAN. 9, 1981 JAN. 30, 1981 The plot was2 krn from any industrial or res- idential developmentand 0.3 krn from a frequently-usedroad. Elevation: 185 rn for information write: Weather: See introduction.Coverage: June 7, 13, 18, 22, 28; July5, 11, 18; 0545-0900,CDT Total man-hours: 5. Census: Red-wrnged ECOLOGICAL Blackbird,6 (600, 243); Long-billedMarsh Wren, 1; Corn.Yellowthroat, 1; SwampSpar- row,+. Total: 4 species;8 territorialmales or STUDY GROUPS females (800/kin2, 324/100 acres). Visitors: Mallard, Sofa, Tree Swallow, Bank Swallow, P.O. BOX 1288, NEVADA CITY, CA 95959 Cliff Swallow. Remarks: Nests found: Red- wingedBlackbird, 3. The Long-billedMarsh
98 AmericanBirds, January 1980 Wren territory was associatedwith the Reed (about 75 m). Elevation: 185 m. Weather: See emergentwetland and the open water of Grassportion of the plot. Com.Yellowthroat introduction. Coverage:June 11, 14, 19, 23, Allouez Bay. Similar wetland a minimum of and SwampSparrow were associated with the 30; July 6, 13, 19; 0515-1000, CDT. Total somon all othersides. Topography: Similar to Sweet Gale and Dwarf Birch. man-hours:5. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, Census195 exceptthe plot was0.5 .kinfrom 3.5 (350, 142); SwampSparrow, 1.5. Total: 2 the road. Elevatiom 185 m. Weathei:'See in- 196. SEDGE - POTENTILLA WETLAND species;5 territorial males or females(500/ troduction.Coverage: June 7, 13, 18, 22, 28; I.--Location: Wisconsin;Douglas Co., S end km •, 202/100 acres). Visitors: Mallard, Vir- July 5, 11, 18; 0445-1000, CDT. Total man- of Spirit Lake on the St. LouisRiver; 46ø39 • ginia Rail, E. Kingbird, Tree Swallow,Bank hours:5. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 5 4g'N, 92ø11'53•W, West Duluth, Minn.-Wis. Swallow, Barn Swallow. Remarks: Nest (500,202); Sora. 2.5; Mallard, 1; Am. Coot,1; Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. Size: 1 found: Red-winged Blackbird 1. This plot Long-billedMarsh Wren, +. Total: 5 species; ha = 2.47 acres(square, measured with 25 m showeda definitepatchiness in cat-tailvegeta- 9.5 territorial males or females (950/kin•, ropeand compass). Description of Plot:A per- tion and the Red-wingedBlackbird territories 385/100 acres).Visitors: Great Blue Heron, sistent emergent wetland, which varied in wereclosely associated with the itsdism•ution. Mallard,Black Duck, Blue-winged Teal, Am. depthfrom 0.2 to 1.2 m, primarilysedge inter- Wigcon,Wood Duck, Virginia Rail, Black mixed with Marsh Cinquefoil. Vegetation 198. SEDGE WETLAND I. -- Location: Tern, Tree Swallow,Cliff Swallow,Swamp heightvaried from the 0.8 to 1 m sedgeup to Wisconsin;Douglas Co., SE end of Allouez Sparrow.Remarks: Nests found: Red-winged the 1.5 m sparselydistributed Corn. Cat-tail. Bay in the Duluth-Superior Harbor; Blackbird, 4; Sofa, 1; and Am. Coot, 1. The Twenty-threem 2 sub-plotswere measured and 46ø40•55"N, 91ø58'4•'W, Parkland, Wis.- determinationof Mallard "territory" was by cover showed75% green vegetation,6% Minn. Quadrangle.USGS. Continuity: New. basedon three separateday sightingsof dead vegetation,and 19% open water. Pre- Size:1 ha = 2.47acres (square, measured with femalesand four separate day sightings of a dominantplant species,which c•mprised 97% 25 m ropeand compass). Description of Plot: malesin a limitedsection of the plot.On June relative cover of all green vegetation,were A persistentemergent wetland. which varied 18about 250 ducks flew from the plot and ad- sedge(S4% relativecover, 18% relative fre- in depthfrom 0.3 to 1 m, primarilysedge with jacentarea, primarily d Mallard, BlackDuck, quency),Marsh Cinquefoil(13, 12), Corn. small amounts of Broad-leaved Arrowhead Blue-wingedTeal, and Am. Wigcon.During Cat-tail (10, 15), Bur-reed (8, 14), Broad- and Marsh Cinquefoil.Vegetation height vegetationanalysis on July 27, 2000+ Cliff, leaved Arrowhead (7, 16), and Wild Calla (5, variedfrom the 1 m sedgeto 1.5 m scattered Bank,Barn, and Tree Swallows,and Purple 9). Nine 16m2 sub-plotswere measuredand Bur-reed(Sparganium eurycarpum) and Corn. Martins were observedsitting on Cat-tail showed 138 shrub stems/ha. These shrubs Cat-tail. Thirty-five m• sub-plots were headsand/or feedingover the plot and ad- wereprimarily alder which were found in two measuredand showedby cover75% green jacent area. small patches near the center of the plot. vegetation,2% dead vegetation, and 23% open Edge: Borderedon the N (10-30m) by non- water.The predominantplant species,which 199. SEDGE WETLAND II. -- Location: persistentemergent wetland and the open comprised89% relativecover of all green Wisconsin; Douglas Co., mouth of the water of Spirit Lake. Similarvegetation was a vegetationwere sedge (63% relative cover, 18% NemadjiRiver at confluencewith the Superior minimum of 50 m on all other sides.Topog- relativefrequency), Broad-leaved Arrowhead HarborBasin in the Duluth-SuperiorHarbor; raphy: See Census 193. Elevation: 185 m. (10, 18), Marsh Cinquefoil(10, 8), and Bur- 46ø41'Sg'N,92ø01'4(YW, Superior, Wis.- Weather: See introduction. Coverage: June reed(6, 17).There were no shrubs.Edge: Bor- Minn. Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:New. 11, 14, 19, 23, 30; July 6, 13, 19; 0505-0830, deredon the E (10-50m) by non-persistent Size:1 ha = 2.47acres (square, measured with CDT. Total man-hours: 5. Census: Red- winged Blackbird, 5 (500, 202), Sora, 1; Long-billed Marsh Wren, 1; Corn. Yellow- throat, 1. Total: 4 species;8 territorial males or females (800/km 2, 324/100 acres).Visiton: Between The Covers! Mallard, Blue-winged Teal, Wood Duck, Black Tern, Tree Swallow, Bank Swallow, Barn Swallow, Yellow-headed Blackbird, stories on this continent! F-- Swamp Sparrow. Remarks: The Corn. Yellowthroatterritory was associatedwith the two smallpatches of alder. Read: t The Hawk and Hare Are One, by Pulitzer ' .... 197. SEDGE - POTENTILLA WETLAND prize winner William Caldwellß II. -- Location: Minnesota; St. Louis Co., 75 In Loco Parentis: A Starling Saga, by ...Faith96 pagesMcNulty, of thebest bird watching m S of the Oliver Bridge and adjacentto the St. Louis River; 46ø39•2(TN, 92ø12'1TW, Owl's Well That Ends Well, by Mary Leister. West Duluth, Minn. - Wis. Quadrangle. Helping the Bluebird, by Lawrence Zeleny. USGS. Continuity: New. Size: I ha = 2.47 The Enduring Bittern, by Laura Riley. acres(square, measured with 25 m rope and Horizons of Ornithology Still Expanding, by Douglas Lancaster. compass).Description of Plot: .A persistent SharingBird WatchingDiscoveries with Children,by Joan Carson. emergentwetland, which varied in depthfrom The Bald Eagle Returns to the Great Lakes, by Sergei Postupalsky. 0.1-0.8m, primarily sedge intermixed with ß.. and dozensmore writtenwith literarystyle and humor,yet with seriouspurpose Marsh Cinquefoiland severalpatches of Corn. and filled with solid information! Cat-tail. Vegetationheight varied from the Compactdigest size, publishedbimonthly in May, July, September, November, 0.8-1 m sedgeto 1.5m Com.Cat-tail. Twenty- January and March. eight m2 sub-plotswere measured and by Perfect for you and as a gift for bird watching friends! covershowed 81% greenvegetation, 2% dead vegetation,and 17% openwater. Predominant plant species,which comprised98% relative SUBSCRIBE TODAY! Only $7'.50 for 6 issues! coverof all greenvegetation, were sedge (61% relativecover, 19% relative frequency), Marsh Name Cinquefoil(15, 13), Broad-leavedArrowhead (9, 18), Corn. Cat-tail (7, 13), and Wild Calla Address (6, 17).No shrubswere found. Edge: Bordered on the E (10-70m)by non-persistentemergent City State Zip __ wetland and the open water of the St. Louis River. Similar vegetationwas presenta min- imum of 25 m on all other sides.Topography: [] Check enclosed [] Bill me! Similarto Census192 exceptthe marshwas Mail to: BIRD WATCHER'S DIGEST, Box 110, Marietta, Oh 45750 on the south side of the railroad line and road
Volume34, Number I 99 25 m ropeand compass).Description of Plot: species and structural diversity in the rumpedWarbler, 2; Am. Redstart,2; Evening A persistentemergent weftand, which varied vegetation,and the industrialnoise from the Grosbeak,2; Green-wingedTeal, 1; Ruddy in depthfrom 0.1 to 1 m, primarilysedge in ore dock probablyinfluenced the densityand Duck, 1; Cooper'sHawk, 1; Prairie Falcon, 1; hummocks with small amounts of Bur-reed diversityof bird speciesfound on this plot. Am. Bittern, 1; Sofa, 1; Corn.Nighthawk, 1; and patchesof Wild Calla in deeperwater. Downy Woodpecker.1; Dusky Flycatcher.1; Vegetationheight was predominantly between 200. BULRUSH AND CAT-TAIL MARSH W. Wood Pewee, 1; Rough-wingedSwallow, 0.7 and 1 m sedgeand up to 1.5 m wherethe IN CONIFER FOREST. -- Location: Mon- 1; Corn. Raven, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1; Solitary sparselydistributed Cat-tail patcheswere tana; Lake Co., on W side of Flathead Lake, 6 Vireo. 1; Orange-crownedWarbler, 1; Mac- found.Thirty m 2 sub-plots were measured and mi N of Polson,on KingsPoint Rd.; 47ø35'N, Gillivray'sWarbler, 1; Brewer'sBlackbird, 1; by covershowed 55% greenvegetation, 6% 114ø0•W, Wildhorse Island Quadrangle, W. Tanager, 1; White-crownedSparrow, 1; dead vegetation, and 39% open water. USGS. Continuity: Established1975; 5 con- Great Blue Heron, +; Belted Kingfisher,+; Predominantplant species,which comprised secutiveyears. Size: 40.47 ha = 100 acres. PileatedWoodpecker, +; Clark's Nutcracker, 92% relativecover of all greenvegetation, were Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 31:84-85(1976). +; Black-billedMagpie, +; Chestnut-backed sedge (60% relative cover, 27% relative Weather: All clear days with moderatebreeze. Chickadee,+. Total: 68 species;254 territorial frequency),Bur-reed (13, 14),Wild Calla(9, Coverage:Apr. 17, 25; May 2, 22-23, June 1, males or females (628/1a&, 254/100 acres). 14), Corn. Cat-tall (5, 9), and Marsh 5, 28; July 1; betweendawn and 1100. Total Remarks: Nestsfound: (29). Canada Goose,5; Cinquefoil(5, 14). Twelve 16m2/sub-plots man-hours: 32. Census: Red-winged Black- Mallard. 2; Wood Duck, 1; Osprey,3; Prairie were measured for shrubs and showed 104 bird, 27 (67, 27); SongSparrow, 16 (40, 16); Falcon. 1; Am. Coot, 2; Corn. Flicker, 2; Wil- shrub stems/ha. These shrubs were either Yellow-headed Blackbird, 15 (37, 15); Tree low Flycatcher, 1; Tree Swallow, 6; Yellow alder or willow.Edge: Borderedon the E (10- Swallow, 10 (25, 10); Com. Yellowthroat, 10; Warbler, 1; Corn. Yellowthroat. 1; Yellow- 30 m) by the Nemadji River. Similar Redhead,9 (22, 9); Mallard, 8 (20, 8); Ring- headed Blackbird, 1; Red-wingedBlackbird, vegetationwas a minimum of 25 m on all neckedDuck, 8; Willow Flycatcher,8; Yellow 3. Additional fledglings seen: Pied-billed othersides. Topography: Part of an extensive Warbler, 8; Pine Siskin. 8; Canada Goose, 6 Grebe, 4; Mallard, 30; Wood Duck. 7; Red- wetland area at the mouth of the Nemadji (15, 6); Black-capped Chickadee, 6; Am. head,6; Ring-neckedDuck, 3; Corn.Gulden- River; 300 m from an infrequently used Robin,6; Brown-headedCowbird, 6; Chipping eye, 10; Am. Coot, 13; SongSparrow, 4. -- railroad line, 500 m from a four-lane U.S. Sparrow,6; WoodDuck, 5(12. 5): Am. Coot, MARCELLA M. BISHOP. Shoreline Route. Highway,and 250 m froman activeore dock. 5; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Barn Swallow, 4 Polson. Mont. 59860. Elevation: 185 m. Weather: See introduction. (10, 4); Mountain Chickadee, 4; SwainsoWs Cover: June 7, 13, 18, 22, 28; July 5, 11, 18; Thrush, 4; Dark-eyed Junco, 4; Pied-billed 201. CAT-TAIL-TULE MARSH. -- Loca- 0505-1005 CDT. Total man-honrs: 5. Cemus: Grebe, 3 (7, 3); Corn.Goldeneye, 3; Osprey,3; tion: California; San Diego Co.. Kit Carson Red-wingedBlackbird, 3.5 (350, 142). Total: 1 W. Flycatcher,3; Long-billedMarsh Wren, 3; Park in Escondido; 33ø04'N, 117ø03'W, species;3.5 territorial males or females Ruby-crownedKinglet, 3; Cassin'sFinch, 3; EscondidoQuadrangle, USGS. Continuity: (350/kin2, 142/100 acres). Visitors: Mallard, RuffedGrouse, 2; MourningDove, 2; Cailiopc New. Size: 2.79 ha = 6.89 acres(nearly rec- E. Kingbird, Tree Swallow,Purple Martin. Hummingbird,2; Com.Flicker, 2; Olive-sided tangular,averaging 250 X 1200ft, determined Remarks: Nests found: Red-wingedBlack- Flycatcher, 2; Hammond's Flycatcher, 2: by compassand measuredcord). Description bird, 2. The combination in the lack of cat-tail Violet-greenSwallow, 2; Townsend'sSolitaire. of Plot: A freshwatermarsh which lacks open headsor other songposts, the lack of both 2; VariedThrush, 2; CedarWaxwing, 2; Yellow- water. Emergentvegetation occupies 75% of the plot; the remainderis sagebrushand wet meadow.Common Cat-tail (Typha !an.¾blia) and Tule (Scirpusacutus) are dominant.Arroyo Willow (Salix lassiolepis)occurs as scattered specimensless than 15 ft high. Other prom- Bird Bonanzas,inc. inentplants include Yerba Mansa (Anernopsis celebratesits 10th ar'fiversar¾i'• 1980. We are st I the taurs cah.'fbrnica),Juncus. sparganium. and Carex, with the sr•a'l groupsof birdersand largerur•bers of birds. spp. CaliforniaSagebrush (Arternesia cah.¾br- nica) occupiesthe high groundon the E and Our 1980 taurs hclude Alaska,M•lnesota, Mexico, Costa Rica, W borders.Edge: Borderedby roadson the N Panar•a,Color•bia, Venezula, Suri'mn,, England, Israel, Africa, and E. by gradedfields on the W, and wet meadowson the S. Topography:340-360 ft, S India, Nepal, Ce¾1or, slope.Weather: Typical of the seasonfollow- ing a winterof near-recordrainfall. Coverage: Australiaa•dathers. Apr. 1, 7, 10, 21, 28; May 5, 12, 26; June2. 9. 23; 0400-1600, PST. Total man-hours: 15. Census: Tricolored Blackbird, 350 non- territorial females (IZ552, 5080); Corn. Yellow- throat. 16 (574, 232); SongSparrow, 12 (430, 174); Red-wingedBlackbird. 8 females(287, 116).Total: 4 species;386 non-territorialand territorial males and females (13.843. 5602); 34 territorial males and females (1219/kmL 493/100 acres).Remarks: Most nearby marsh- land wasinundated by LakeHodges following last winter's rains. -- KENNETH L.
For addi ioqal information write: WEAVER. 1339Taylor PL. Escondido.Cal.if 92027. BIRD BONANZAS Suite 501 202. DIKED COASTAL SALT MARSH. 12550 BiscayneBoulevard, --LOCATION: California; Humboldt Co., North /'Liar-i, Florida 33161 within 1 mi E of Eureka: 40ø4730'N, 124ø073ffW, Arcata South Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: Entire proper- ty: 7.87 ha = 19.46 acres:study area: 5 ha = 12.4 acres.The entireproperty was censused, but the plot will bechanged when saltwater is allowed to reenter. Census numbers refer to the entireproperty. Description of Plot: Three typesof areasare in the centralstudy area: 1)
100 American Birds,January 1980 Enter highlydisturbed, with smallbarren patchesof separatethe freshwatermarsh from the rest of ground with a variety of escapedcultivated the area. About 1-6 pairsof Am. Goldfinches grasses,Brass-buttons (Cotula coronop•folia), nested after the censusingwas completed. Bird's-footTrefoil (Lotusformosissimus),Salt Special thanks to Dave Claycomb for the Rush (Juncuslesueurii), Saltbush (Atriplex vegetationanalysis. This studywas funded by patula ssp.hastata) and Curly Dock (Rumex the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife crispus);2) a freshwatermarsh. spring-fed but Research Field Station, Arcata, California. -- supplementedby precipitation from mid- SANDRA L. JACOBSON, P.O. Box 171. Ar- Whenyou travel with OueMers, you have the autumn to mid-spring, with Corn. Cat-tail cata. Calif. 95521. advantageof o•r knowledgeof the travel (Typha latifolia), Red Alder (Alnus oregona), world. And our experience of the natural willow (Salix sp.), Water Celery (Oenanthe 203. FRESHWATER MARSH. -- world.We are travelprofessionals. •d our sarmentosa) and Marsh Pennywort Location:California; Imperial Co., 5 mi NW only tour program is Worldwide Nature (Hydrocotyleranunculoides); 3) areasof rem- of Calipatria, startingat bridge over Alamo Tours.You get reliablearrangements and nant salt marsh with Pickleweed (Salicornia River on Garst Rd., in the NE tAm of Sec. 22, expeflly planned itineraries. virginica), Salt Grass (DistichIls spicata), TllS, R13E, Niland Quad., USGS 33ø13'N, Underthe leadership of anaccompany- Arrow-grass (Triglochin maritima), Ditch- 115ø35'W.Continuity: New. Size: 20 ha = 49.4 ingnaturalist, we searchout the plantsand grass (Ruppia maritima) and Cord Grass acres(rectangular, 200 X 1000 m, measured animals, birds and flowers. rain forests, (Spartina foliosa). Ground cover is ap- with steeltape). Descriptionof Plot: Heavily mountains,and tundra... seashores,lakes, proximately60% disturbed, 30% freshwater polluted water of the Alamo River joins the and swampsof t• regionswe visit.At the marsh and 10% remnant salt marsh. Within salinewater of the Salton Sea to producea same time, we explore the more usual the propertybut outsideof the central study small area of marsh alongeach of two dikes. a•ractions in touring--the cities, archaeo- area,Freshwater Slough (tidal) borders on the Estimatesof subhabitatsizes are: Typha mar- logicalsites, and •ople. E and N, and a cut bank and a hillslopeon the sh 4 ha, Tamarix marsh 0.6 ha, mudflat 0.05 Where can you go with Questers?Vir- W. Along the fencesor dikes outliningthe ha, riverbank1 ha, open water 14 ha. Plant tually an•here in the world. The current propertyare CoyoteBrush (Baccharis pilularis speciespresent were Corn. Cat-tail (Typha Directory of Worldwide Nature Tours ssp. consanguinea), Wax-myrtle (Myrica lat{.'folia),Tamarisk (Tamarix ramossisima), describes 29 tours yawing from 9 to 30 cah.'fornica)and CaliforniaBlackberry (Rubus Giant Reed (Phragmitescommunis), Four- days.Following is a representativelisting: vi•folius). Edge: The S-W edgeis within 0.1 winged Saltbush(Atriplex canescens),a few Worldwide Nature Tours mi of the residential area in a Redwood Baccharis sp., and the herbaceous weeds (Sequoiasempervirens), Dougias-ftr (Pseudot- Heliotrope (Heliotropium curassavicum), 1980 Departures(Partial Listing) The Americas suga menziesii)and Sitka Spruce(Picea sit- Canary Grass (Phalaris minor), Saltgrass chensis)forest. A road and old storage (DistichIlsspicata), and Sorrel(Rumex sp.). EVERG•DES:11 days, April3 & Nov.6 ßHAWA, buildingsborder to the S. The remainder is Small distinct marshes were formed from 15 days, Feb. 10, April6, July13, Oct. 5 & surrounded by pasturelands with marshy standsof cat-tail and submergedTamarisk. Dec.21 ß A•KA. 17days, June 7 & 21,July areas. Topography: Generally flat; sea level Several submerged dead Tamarisk trees 5, 12 & 26, & Aug. 9 ß NORTHWESTCANADA: 19 Weather: Temperature 60-70øF. Most days providedroosting sites and a verysmall mud- days,July 5 ß GMATEMAC-19 days, Jan. 26, were foggy.Coverage: June 12-14, 18, 20-23; flat providedan area for wadingbirds. The Feb. 16, No9 1 & Dec. 20 ß THEAMAZON 16 0630-1100. Total man-hours: 16. Census: midline of the plot has two long dredge-spoil days.Jan. 24, May 15,July 10, Aug. 7, Oct. SongSparrow, 7 (89, 36); Long-billedMarsh dikesbordering the AlamoRiver. Edge: Open 16 & Nov. 13 ß ECUADOR& GA•mGOS. 15 Wren, 3 (38, 15); Brown-headed Cowbird water on two long sides, similar brackish days,Jan. 24, March6, May 8, July10 & 31, (females),3; SavannahSparrow, 3; California habitaton ends.Topography: Flat. Elevation: & Oct.2 ßPERU. 23 days,April 5, June7, July Quail, 2; W. Flycatcher, 2; Corn. Flicker, 1; -230 ft. Weather: 70-100øFduring census; 19 & Nov.1 ß TRINIDAO& TOBAGO. 11 days, SwainsoWsThrush, 1; Starling. 1; Corn. clear and sunny, strong wind on two visits. March 10& Nov. 10. Yellowthroat, l; House Sparrow, 1; Black- Coverage:Apr. 8-9, 14-15; May 4-5, 11-12; Europe headed Grosbeak, 1; Black Phoebe, +; Chest- 0500-0900, PST. Total man-hours: 32. Cen- [c•o •6 •ays, June 13, July4 a Au9. 8 ß nut-backed Chickadee, +; Am. Robin, +; sus: Long-billedMarsh Wren, 22 (110, 45); Warbling Vireo, +; Orange-crownedWarbler, Corn.Yellowthroat, 4 (20, 8); SongSparrow, [S•NDS• HIGH•NDSOF •OT•NO: •3 +; Wilson's Warbler, +; Red-wingedBlack- 4; Clapper Rail, 3 (15, 6); Brown-headed May30, July11 a Au9.22 ßGn•c•- 23 •ays, bird, +; Brewer's Blackbird, +; White- Cowbird. 3; Great-tailed Grackle, 2; Green crowned Sparrow, +. Total: 21 species;26 Heron, 1.5; LeastBittern, 1; Virginia Rail, 1; Asia and Africa territorial males or females (330/km 2,134/100 Yellow-headed Blackbird, 1; Com. Gallinule, Ta• H•a•vas 23 •ays, March 13 a Oct 9. acres).Visitors: Species seen foraging in the +. Total: 11 species;42.5 territorial males or area on at least two censuses: Great Blue females (213/km:, 86/100 acres). Remarks: Non•a• [No•a:23 •ays, Feb.23 a Nov.22 ß Heron, Green Heron, Great Egret, Snowy The plot contained large numbers of non- SRI•NKA: 18 days, Feb. 22 & Nov.21 ß KE•A. Egret, Black-crownedNight Heron, Turkey breedingresidents and migrantand wintering 23 days,Jan, 31, July24 & Oct. 23. Vulture, White-tailed Kite, Am. Kestrel, waterfowl and shorebirds.Visitors to plot Virginia Rail, Mourning Dove, Vaux's Swift, (with maximum number/visit) were: (1) Non- Oceania and Australasia Belted Kingfisher,Ring-billed Gull, Violet- breeding residents: Double-crested Cor- AUSTRALIA& NEW ZEA•ND: 30 days, Feb.2 & greenSwallow, Tree Swallow,Rough-winged morant 10, Great Blue Heron 2, Corn. Egret Sept. 20 ß N• ZEALAND'SMILFORD TRACK & Swallow, Barn Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Am. 22, Snowy Egret 9, Black-crownedNight C•K ISLANd:23days, Feb. 22 & No• 14 Goldfinch.Remarks: This area wasoriginally Heron 27, FulvousWhistling Duck 1, Am. For a complimentary copy of the salt marshand grazingland. In the late 1930s Coot 226, Killdeer 4, Black-necked Stilt 15, newestDirectory'of Worldwide Nature Tours a local mill put in somedikes along Fresh- Forster'sTern 31, CaspianTern 1, Mourning outliningthe entireprogr,, writeto Ques- water Sloughfor accessby trains. In the late Dove 4, Ground Dove 1, Yellow-headed ters or see your TravelAgent. If you are 1950sanother mill usedthe areaas a log pond Blackbird 2,000, Red-wingedBlackbird 16, interestedin a s•cific tour, request the after building dikes in their presentlocations House Sparrow1. Disturbancesduring the Det•led Itinerary.Exploratory ex•ditions and equipping the northern dike with a censusincluded bulldozing of dikes during •d sp•i• tours •e announced from time tidegate. It was abandonedin 1%7, and the earlyMay andnighttime raccoon hunting with • time in our news•tter Nature TourNotes, land leveled in 1%9. Although the dikes dogsin April and perhapslater. The latter sentfree to •1 onour mailing fist remain high enoughto restrain the tidal ac- may affect the breeding successof the en- tion, the originaltidegate does not holdout all dangcredYuma ClapperRail. The increasing of the salt water.Since abandoned, the pond salinityof the marsh from irrigation runoff has flooded with fresh water in winter and waterin the Alamo River and the risinglevel dried out in summer. The northern dike is ex- of the SaltonSea both make this productive pectedto be breachedin 1980. Saltwaterwill habitat very unstable. -- LARRY LAPRE, QUES"TRS Dept. of Biology,Univ. of Calif., Riverside, QuestersTours & Travel, Inc. be allowedto reenter after the original dikes Dept. ABl179, 257 Park AvenueSouth have been reinforced and a new dike built to Calif. 92521. New York, N.Y. 10010 ß (212) 673-3120
Volume34, Number 1 101 204. ABANDONED FIELD. -- Location: wingedWarbler, 1; Blue-wingedWarbler, 1; SOUTH AMERICAN Pennsylvania;Luzerne Co., 2.6 km NNE of Am. Goldfinch, 1; Am. Woodcock, +; Red- Wapwallopen,Pa.; 41ø05'N,76ø07W, Syberts- eyed Vireo, +; Yellow Warbler, +; Yellow- NATURE TOURS ville Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Estab- breasted Chat, +; Brown-headed Cowbird, +. fished1978 (1979). Size: 6 ha = 14.8acres (irreg- Total: 16 species; 28 territorial males or ular rectangle surveyedand measuredwith females (394/km:, 159/100 acres). Visitors: staff compassand 60 m tape). Descriptionof Corn. Flicker, Black-cappedChickadee, Tuf- Plot= An electrical switchyardis located 50 m ted Titmouse,Am. Robin, Red-wingedBlack- to the E and an accessroad divides the plot bird, N. Oriole, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, approximatelyin half. The field has been Chipping Sparrow. Remarks: A Corn. abandonedabout l0 years.Vegetation: A line- Yellowthroat nest was located. The Periodical intercept method was used to determine spe- Cicada •agicicada septendecim)emerged cies,percent cover, and frequency;57 herbs.8 this seasonand was presentin large numbers treeseedlings, and 9 shrubswere encountered. on the plot and surrounding areas. -- Goldenrods(Solidago rugosa and S. canaden- ROLAND BERGNER. William Penn sis), 15.6%;grasses, 7.8%; Cinquefoil(Poten- Memorial Museum. Box 1026, Harrisburg, tilia simplex),5.8%; and SheepSorrel (Rumex Pa. 17120. Bl•k-brow• Albatross acetosella),6.7%; were the most important 206. ABANDONED TURF FIELD. -- BIRDS OF ECUADOR herb species. Flowering Dogwood (Cornus Feb. 6-27 ,florida), 43.6%; White Ash OWraxinusamer- Location: Maryland; Montgomery Co., JuL 31 - Aug. 21 icana),25.6%; and Gray Birch (Betulapopuli- McKee-BeshersWildlife ManagementArea; .folia),Z7%; werethe commonesttree seedlings 39ø04' 3Z'N, 77ø23' 1 St'W, Sterling Quadrangle, Extraordina• journey to one of the present.Gray Dogwood(C. racemoss),50.9ø70, USGS. Contimdty: Established 1975; S con- world's finest birding areas. In- and Blackberries(Rubus spp.), 21%, werethe secutive years. Size: 6.3 ha = 15.6 acres. cludes Limoncocha. Led by Paul most commonsharubs. Edge-- Bordered on all Descriptionof Plot: SeeAB 29:1140(1975). Greenfield, the foremost expert on sidesby 16 m of the samehabitat, then hard- Coverage:Apr. 16; May 10, 17, 31; June 12- Ecuador's 1400 s•cies. wood forest. Topography: Gently N sloping. 13, 21; July S, 20; Aug. 9. Total man-hours: BIRDS OF PERU Elevation:700 ft. Weather 1978: Mostlyclear 4.5. Census: Field Sparrow, S (79, 32); JuL 26 - Aug. 21 with one morning of intermittent light rain. GrasshopperSparrow, 3 (48, 19); House temperaturesaverage 13•C. Coverage=May 8, Wren, 2; Indigo Bunting, 2; Gray Catbird, 1; Amazon rainforest, dese• coast, ll, 13, 23, 30; June 1, 6. Total man-hours: 7. Corn. Yellowthroat, 1. Total: 6 species; 14 huge •lagic bird colonies, plus territorial males (222/km :, 90/100 acres). Cuzco and Machu Picchu. Leader: Census:Field Sparrow, 7.5 (125, 51): Song Remarks: Nests found: House Wren, 2; cat- Paul Donahue. Sparrow,4 (67, 27): Corn.Yellowthroat, 3 (50, 20); Gray Catbird, 1.5; Yellow Warbler, 1.5; bird, 1; Indigo Bunting,2; Field Sparrow,2. GALAPAGOS ISLANDS Yellow-breastedChat. 1; Indigo Bunting, 1; House Wrens nested in bird boxes erected to Mar. 24 - Apr. 11 Golden-wingedWarbler, 0.5: Am. Goldfinch, attract a pair of E. Bluebirds. Field Sparrows An in•epth Galapagos ex•rience. 0.5; E. Kingbird,+; BrownThrasher, +; Star- decreased50% from last year, probably as a 2 weeks aboard our comfortable ling, +; Blue-wingedWarbler, +. Total= 13 result of severe weather this past Feb. -- PAUL W. WOODWARD, 4117 Virginia St., sailing yacht accompanied by ex- species;20.5 territorialmales (342/km•', 139/ 100 acres). Remarks--Nests found (4): Gray Fairfax, Va. 22030. pert naturalist guide. Plus several Catbird, Yellow Warbler, Yellow-breasted days in Ecuador. Chat, Field Sparrow. Weather 1979--Foggy 207. GRASSLAND. -- Location: West COSTA RICA NATURAL HISTORY morningswith temperatures3-20øC, averag- Virginia; PrestonCo.; 2.5 mi NNE from Terra Feb. 2-17 ing 11.SLCoverage-- May 2. 8. 15-16: June6. Alta; starts at 39ø28' 18t'N, 79ø31'2q'W, Terra 2 weeks exploring the natural com- 12-13. Total man-hours: 10. Census-' Field Alta Quadrangle, USGS, and extendsNNE. munities of this beautiful, varied Sparrow,7 (118, 47); Corn. Yellowthroat.4.5 Contimdty:New. Size:6.07 ha = IS acres(rec- land. Rainforests, deserts, high- (76, 30); SongSparrow. 3.5 (59, 24); Rufous- tangular,110 X 660 yds,measured). Descrip- lands, 2 coasts, Naturalist guide. sided Towhee, 3 (50, 20); Yellow-breasted tion of Plot: The area immediatelyN of Terra Chat, 2; IndigoBunting, 2; Willow Flycatcher, Alta is open farmland. In past years Buck- PERUVIAN JUNGLE EXPEDITION 1; Blue-wingedWarbler. l; Am. Goldfinch.1; wheatwas grown extensively but recenfiymost Aug. 4-21 Am. Robin, 0.5; Golden-wingedWarbler, 0.5; fields have been covertedto grasslandas the Dugout canoe journey to the most Cardinal, 0.5; Gray Catbird, +; Starling, +. raisingof cattlehas been more profitable. The uns•iled region of the Amazon Total: 14 species;26.5 territorialmales (442/ plot is typical of the area: a seriesof fenced basin•the Manu National Park. km •, 179/100 acres). Remarks: Nests located fields along a secondarygravel read as cen- (See Nov. 1979 Audubon article) (3): I Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2 Field Sparrow. terline, with 3 hayfieldstotaling 10.S acres,2 Extraordina• wildlife including pri- Specialthanks to J. D. Montgomeryfor his pastures totaling 4 acres and a half acre mates, mammals and hundreds of botanical analysesand D. A. Gross for his swamp. Listed in order of decreasing bird s•cies. assistance.The PennsylvaniaPower and Light predominancethe hayfields contained: 4.5 Companyprovided financial supportfor this acres of Alfalfa •edicago satira) and Or- ECUADOR NATURE EXPEDITION study. -- ROBERT M. RUHE. lcthyological chardGrass (Dactylis glomerata); 3.5 acresof JuL 22 - Aug. 13 Associates. Inc.. R. D. 1. Bewick. Pa. 18603. Orchard and Brome Grass (Bromus secalinus) Aug. 13 - SepL 3 and 2.5 acres of Orchard, Brome and Canada OcL 28- Nov. 19 205. OLD FIELD. -- Location: Penn- BlueGrass (Poa compressa). All hayfieldscon- The Andes, the Am•on plus I week sylvania; Schuylkill Co., I mi SW of tained some weeds such as White Bedstraw in the Galapagos Islands. Weishample; 40ø41'N, 76ø27W, Tremont (Galium mollugo).The only treeswere two 18 Quadrangle, USGS. Contlmfity: Established in. dbh Red Maples(Acer rubrum) about 60 fi 1974; 6 consecutiveyears. Size: 7.12 ha = apart in one hayfield. Both pastureswere ß Small Groups 17.58 acres. Description of Plot; See AB about the same and contained Canada Blue 28:1053 (1974). Weather: Cool with tem- Grass, Kentucky Blue Grass Gø. pratends), ß Write for free catalog peratures 40ø-65øF.Most count days were Sweet Vernal Grass (Anthoxanthum ßExpert Leaders .• dear, 1 was cloudywith intermittent showers. odoratum),and Red Clover(Trifolium I raten- Coverage:May 26-28; June 5, 12, 18-19, 26; se).There wereshrubs in onepasture, several SOUTH AMERICAN 0530-0830. Total man-hours: 8. Census: Field scatteredplants and one 30 fidia. clump of WILDERNESS ADVENTURES, Inc. Sparrow,8 (112,46); Rufous-sidedTowhee, 4 SpeckledAlder (Alnus rugosa).Edge: All 1760-AB Solano Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94707 (56, 23); House Wren, 3 (42, 17); Corn. fields extended well beyond the limits of the Yellowthroat, 3; Wood Thrush 2; Cardinal, 2; plot. Weather: Variable; severalshowers both Indigo Bunting, 2; Gray Catbird, 1; Golden- day and night during the period.Rather cool.
102 AmericanBirds, January 1980 Coverage:June 3-8; 10 trips betweendawn 209. SOYBEAN FIELD. -- Location: In- 20-30 ft. Canopycover 90%. Weather: Days and 0800, 2 in late morningand 2 in evening. diana; WabashCo., PleasantTwp., 0.2 mi SE averaged5-10øF below normal until mid-July, Total party-hours:10. Census:Red-winged of Laketon between the Erie-Lackawanna when the temperaturesrose to the normal Blackbird, 5 (82, 33); SavannahSparrow, 4 Railroad, Rnney Rd., Wabash-Laketun Rd., 100+'. No rain fell; there was little wind. (66, 27); Bobolink, 3 (49, 20); E. Meadowlark, and NewtonRd. on propertyof DevonOgden; Coverage:Daily, 0630-1400 or later; June l- 2; SongSparrow, 2; Am. Robin, 1.5; Swamp 40ø58'N, 85ø50'W, N. Manchester South Aug. 1. Census:Am. Robin, 6 (148, 60); Sparrow,0.5; Mallard, +; Corn. Flicker, +. Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: New. Size: Black-headed Grosbeak, 6; Am. Goldfinch, 6; Totals: 9 species; 18 territorial males 23.3 ha = 57.7 acres(rectangular, determined MourningDove, 4 (99. 40); LesserGoldfinch, (297/km2, 120/100 acres). Visitors: Green by aerial photo). Description of Plot: The 4; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2 (48, 20); Anna's Heron, Great Crested Flycatcher, Barn dominantplant is Soybean(Glycine max). An Hummingbird,2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Swallow, Cliff Swallow, Am. Goldfinch. herbicidehad been applied at the time of House Finch. 2; Lark Sparrow, 2; Downy Remarks: The area of roadwaywas eliminated planting and weedsconsisted only of a few Woodpecker,1; (24, 10); W. Kingbird, 1; W. from the calculationsby flaggingthe sidesof scatteredmilkweeds (Asclepias sp.) averaging Wood Pewec, 1; Plain Titmouse, 1; N. Oriole, the plot 165 ft from the fencesinstead of the 12 in. The soybeanswere planted on May 28 in 1; Band-tailedPigeon. +. Total: 16 species;41 centerline. The road and fences have an effect rows 30 in. apart. The field had not been territorial males or females (1013/kin 2, on the censusif oniy to provideperches and disturbedsince planting and the beansranged 410/100 acres). Remarks: Nests found: Am. concentratesong. The Bobolinkspreferred the 4-6 in. in height.Edge: Borderedon 2 sidesby Robin, 4; Black-headed Grosbeak, 4; Am. field that containedAlfalfa. A pair of Mallar- highwaywith brush-freeedge, on I side by Goldfinch,3; MourningDove, 3; LesserGold- ds werejumped 3 timesfrom the edgeof the railroad with scattered brush and small tree finch, 3; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 2; Anna's swamp. -- GENE HUTTON, BOB RINE, edge,and on 1 sideprimarily by forest.A 200 Hummingbird, 1. The Band-tailed Pigeon EMILY WILLIAMS, JO WOOD, GEORGE ft longveal barn is in a cornerof the rectangle vestwas not found, but they werecalling and KOCH (compiler),Brooks 'Bird Club, 707 adjacentto a pit into which manure is pum- carrying nesting materials. This is the first WarwoodAve.,Wheeling, W.V. 26003. ped. Three dwellings,as well as cornfields,a nesting evidence for this species in the hayfield, and more forest are directly across SacramentoValley. The Yellow-billedCuckoo 208. ORCHARD GRASS-TALL FESCUE highwaysand railway. Topography: Essen- nestsare particularly significantsince it is on MEADOW. -- Location: Illinois, McLean tially flat, sandyloam soil. Elevation: 750 ft. the California rare specieslist and oniy two Co., 6 mi S Gridley; T25N, R2E, SE %, NW Weather: Temperatureand precipitationnear previousnests had been found in this region. %, Sec 5; 40ø40'N, 88ø54'W, Normal normal. Coverage:June 17-22, 25; 0400-0845 This study was conductedas a part of an Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Established and 1950-2150. Total man-hours: 20. census: ecologicalstudy of the Yellow-billedCuckoo, 1976; 4 consecutiveyears. Size: 12.1 ha = 30 Vespersparrow, 3 (13, 5); Killdeer,1; Horned sponsoredby the California Department of acres. Description of Plot: See AB 31:88-89 Lark, 1. Total: 3 species;5 territorial males Fish and Game. Specialthanks to Ira Comp- (1977). Coverage:June 1, 6, 10, 12, 14-15, 17, (21/kin 2, 9/100 acres). Visitors: Am. Robin, ton for use of the orchard, and to Virginia 19, 23-24; July 1; 0600-0800. Total man- Barn Swallow. -- DONALD B. and W. Norris, whose help was invaluable. -- hours: 12. Census:Red-winged Blackbird, 15 FRANKIE SNYDER, Dept. of Biol., Edin- STEPHEN A. LAYMON, 3290 Ackley Road, (124, 50); Dickcissel, 6 (49, 20); Corn. Yellow- boro State College,Edinboro, Pa. 16444. Lakeport, Calif. 95453. throat 2; E. Kingbird, 1; E. Meadowlark, 1; W. Meadowlark,1; Bobolink,1; Ring-necked 210. ENGLISH WALNUT ORCItARD. -- 211. SMALL TOWN, RESIDENTIAL Pheasant,+; Barn Swallow,+; Willow Flycat- Location: California; Glenn Co., on the W AND COMMERCIAL AREAS. -- Location: cher, +; Warbling Vireo, +; Am. Goldfinch, bank of the Sacramento R., 3 mi S of Canada; New Brunswick; Sackville; 45ø54'N, +. Total: 12 species;27 territorial males Hamilton City (T22N, RlW), 39ø44'N, 64ø22'W,map sheet21H/16W; boundedby (222/km 2, 90/100 acres). Remarks.- The total 122ø59'W,Ord FerryQuadrangle, usgs. Con- Bridge,York, Landsdowne,Park, and Salem population declinedslightly from past years tinuity: New. Size: 4.05 ha = 10 acres. Streets and Queens Road, and vacant lots primarilybecause of a decreasein Red-winged De•crlption of Plot: Working orchard, all along Lorne Street. Continuity: New. Size: Blackbirds. The Dickcissel population in- trees EnglishWalnut (Juglansregia), spaced 50.5 ha = 124.8 acres (irregular shape, creasedto the original level of 1976 after a 33 ft apart. Lowerlimbs prunedto 6 ft above maximumdimensions approximately 1000 X populationlow of I bird in 1977.-- DALE E. ground. No groundcover, shrub layer or un- 675 m, paced).Description of Plot: SeeAB BIRKENHOLZ, Ill. State Univ., Normal, Ill. derstory.Bordered on N by rip-rap river bank 33:52(1979). Quantitative sampling of cover 61761. and by orchardon othersides. Canopy height (36 uniformlyspaced 1/10-acre circles) gave:
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Volume34, Number I 103 buddings15%, paved 16%, gravel 5%, lawns •mately12 1 ha = 30 acres Descriptionof mean h•gh of 84øF•n June Precipitation 37%, gardens5ø70, unmowed fields and Plot: SeeAB 31 91 (1977),AB 32 124 (1978) was normal for June w•th 6 7 •n. margins11%, hedges and shrubs 7%, trees for a generaltzedvillage env•conment. Bounded Our thanks to the Field Research 3%, cat-tail marsh 1%. Trees (over5 m) _partiallyonthe E byan extension ofWest St. averaged77/ha = 31/acre,predominantly of Edge:Supplied by streets,alleys, vegetation, Committee, Division of Biological exoticspecies- elm 22%, maples 18%, poplars andbuildings; total edge, 2.56 mi, street-edge, ences,at the Universityof Kansasfor use 13%,birches 12%, spruces 8%, others (cherry, 2.17 mi; streettrees per mile of street-edge, of research areas under their control, mountainash, willow, horse chestnut, apple, 66.3;trees mostly Silver Maple (Acersacchari- and to Frank Sturdy, Mr. and Mrs pine)29%. Shrubsand saplingsaveraged num).Topography: Level. Elevation: 820 ft. Thomas Beisecker, and Mr. and Mrs 36/ha= 15/acre,while hedges averaged 11/ha Coverage:Almost daily. Total man-hours: 90. = 4/acre, largely of deciduousspecies. Census:House Sparrow, 12 (99, 40); Starling, Earl Cutler for accessto their properties Weather: May and June averagedslightly 6 (49, 20);House Wren, 5 (41, 17); Am. Robin, -- ROGER L. BO YD and CALVIN L above normal temperatures;May was very 5; ChimneySwift, 3 (25,10); Com. Grackle, 3; CINK, Biol. Dept., Baker Univ., Bald- wet, but Junehad recordlow precipitation. SongSparrow, 3; MourningDove, 2; Car- win City, Kan. 66006. Surveyswere mostly on fine days, but that on dinal, 2; Am. Goldfinch,2; ChippingSpar- June 10 had mist and drizzle with one shower; row, 2; ScreechOwl, 1; Corn. Flicker, 1; 4 wereon windy days, 2 withwinds reaching DownyWoodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 1; Indigo 213. OAK - HICKORY FOREST I. -- force 4 (Beaufort)or more in gusts.Survey Bunting,1. Total: 16 species;50 territorial Location:Kansas; Douglas Co., on the Umv temperaturesranged from +1-+16øC. males(412/kin 2, 167/100 acres).Remarks: It of KansasWall BiologicalReserve. Predom- Coverage:May 9, 18, 23; June7, 10, 13, 16, isbelieved that the densityof thiscensus being inantlyon the NW 1/4,SW%, Section 28, T-14S, 24, 29;July 2, 4; 05•25-0902.Total man-hours: lessthan the 238 pairs/100acres in 1976AB R-20E; 38ø48'N, 95ø12'W, Baldwin City 26. Census:House Sparrow, 68 (135, 54); 31:91 (1977) and the 243 pairs/100 acresin Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:Established 1978. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres.Description of Starling,27 (53, 22); Am. Robin, 10.5 (21, 8); 1977 AB 32:110 (1978) was a result of the Com.Grackle, 10 (20, 8); Am. Redstart,6 (12, muchlarger sizes of the lotsand the general Plot: SeeAB 33:66 (1979). Coverage:May 23, lack of denseshrubs or hedges.No cowbirds June 3, 1S, 29; July 3, 6; 0650-1300 Total 5); Chipping Sparrow,5 (10, 4); Song man-hours:30.6. Census:Blue Jay, 6 (74, 30), Sparrow,3.5 (7, 3); Red-eyedVireo, 3 (6, 2); were observed. -- A. H. CLAUGUS. 228 S. Tree Swallow,2; Yellow Warbler, 2; Am. Lake St.. Carey.Ohio. 43316. Black-cappedChickadee, 6; DownyWood- Goldfinch,2; RockDove, 1.5; DownyWood- pecker,S (62, 25); GreatCrested Flycatcher, pecker,1; E. WoodPewee, 1; Tennessee War- S; E. Wood Pewee,S; Rose-breastedGros- bler, 1; Com. Crow,0.5. Total: 16 species; beak, S; Yellow-billed Cuckoo,4 (49, 20), 144 territorial males or pairs (285/km2, Red-headed Woodpecker, 4; Tufted Tit- BreedingBird Populations of mouse,4; White-breastedNuthatch, 3 (37, 115/100 acres).Visitors: Of 13 other species SelectedOak-Hickory Forestsin recordedon count days,only Gray Catbird IS); KentuckyWarbler, 3; SummerTanager, mayhave bred on the plot; Com. Flicker, Blue Northeastern Kansas 3; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 2; Hairy Wood- Jay, Black-cappedChickadee, and Brown- pecker,2; Red-eyedVireo, 2; Whip-poor-will, headedCowbird might breedin someyears, 1; Corn.Flicker, 1; Wood Thrush, 1; Brown- This is the secondyear that breeding headedCowbird, 1; Cardinal, 1; Indigo Bunt- but not this year. Remarks: The House bird censuseshave been made on the fol- Sparrowdensity was almost the same as that ing, l; Red-tailedHawk, +; Chuck-will's- determinedin winter(AB 33:52, 1979),but far lowingsix areas.Last year much of the widow, +; Ovenbird, +; Louisiana Water- thrush, +; N. Oriole, +. Total: 26 species,65 fewerStarlings were present than in winter. early part of the breeding seasonwas territorial males (803/km 2, 325/100 acres) The abundance of Am. Redstarts was a sur- spentin establishingthe grids, thus this Visitors: Bobwhite, Barn Swallow, Com prise; other observersalso reportedthis year'scensus represents an earlierand, Crow,Am. Robin, Swainsoh'sThrush, Black- speciesas commonerthan usual in the Marltimes in 1979. The TennesseeWarbler is hopefully,more thorough census. Some and-white Warbler, TennesseeWarbler, Com thoughtunlikely to havebred, but it sangin of the more significant changeswere Grackle.Remarks: Breeding activity observed the same block for nearly a month, -- AN- decreasesin Wood Thrush and Scarlet Yellow-billedCuckoo (flightless young), Com Flicker (nest),Red-bellied Woodpecker (tamale THONYJ. ERSKINE, Canadian Wildlife Ser- Tanager and increasesin Kentucky vice,Sackville, N. B., CanadaEOA 3C0. feedingyoung), Red-headed Woodpecker (2 Warbler and Ovenbird. nests),Downy Woodpecker (nest and another 212. VILLAGE, RESIDENTIAL. -- Loca- Weather data are available from a cli- pair feedingyoung), Rose-breasted Grosbeak lion: Ohio, WyandotCo.; CrawfordTown- matologicalstation at the Universityof (malefeeding young). ship,Carey, on the NW edge,S andE of the Kansas at Lawrence, 12 mi NW of the railroad, N of W FindlaySt, approximately 214. OAK - HICKORY FOREST II. -- 40ø57N, 83ø23'15"W; Carey Quadrangle, plots.Conditions were similar to last Location:Kansas; Douglas Co., on the Umv USGS(measured by pacing,and villagemap year.Temperatures were slightly above of KansasBreidenthal Biological Reserve and interpretation).Confimdty: New. Size: Approx- the norm with a mean low of 64øF and a Cedar Crest Wildlife Refuge (Cliff Woods)
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104 American Birds, January 1980 Predominantlyon the NE ¬, NW ¬, Section Established 1978. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres. 28, T-14S, R-20E; 38ø4ffN, 95ø12'W, Baldwin Description of Plot: See AB 33:67 (1979). City Quadrangle, USGS. Continuity: Estab- Coverage:May 2S, 29; June S, 12, 13, 20, 2S, lished 1978. Size: 8.1 ha = 20 acres.Deserip- 29; 0700-11S0. Total man-hours: 18. Census: lion of Plot: See AB 33:66 (1979). Coverage: Red-eyed Vireo, S (62, 2S); Yellow-billed May 1; June 1, 9, 17, 29; July 4; 0730-1330. Cuckoo,4 (49, 20); Great CrestedFlycatcher, Total man-hours: 1S. Census: Downy 4; E. Wood Pe•ee. 3 (37, IS); Blue Jay, 3; Woodpecker, S (62, 2S); Red-headed Wood- Tufted Titmouse,3; White-breastedNuthatch, pecker, 4 (49, 20); Blue Jay, 4; Yellow-billed 3; Whip-poor-will.2; DownyWoodpecker. 2; Cuckoo,3 (37, 15); Great CrestedFlycatcher, Black-cappedChickadee, 2; Wood Thrush. 2; 3; Tufted Titmouse, 3; White-breasted Nut- Kentucky Warbler, 2; Brown-headedCow- hatch, 3; Hairy Woodpecker,2; E. Wood bird. 2; Summer Tanager, 2; Cardinal, 2; Pewee, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 2; Red- Chuck-will's-widow, 1; Red-bellied Wood- eyed Vireo, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Brown-headed pecker,1; Red-headedWoodpecker, 1; Hairy Cowbird,2; KentuckyWarbler, l.S; Summer Woodpecker,1; N. Oriole,I; ScarletTanager, Tanager, 1.S; Indigo Bunting, I.S; Red-tailed I; Rose-breastedGrosbeak. I; Great Horned Belt Bag Hawk, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Chuck-will's- Owl, +; MourningDove, +; Cam.Grackle, +. widow,1; Whip-poor-will,1; Cardinal,1; Barred Total: 25 species;48 territorial males (S93/ • for Bird Guides Owl, +; Cam. Flicker, +; Red-bellied Wood- kin:, 240/100 acres). Visitors: Red-tailed pecker.+; Cam. Crow, +; N. Parula, +; Rose- Hawk, Bobwhite, Barn Swallow, Cam. Flick- CARRYyour breasted Grosbeak, +; Am. Goldfinch, +. er, Cam. Crow, Am. Goldfinch. Remarks: bird guides Total: 28 species;46.S territorial males (S75/ Nestsfound: Yellow-billedCuckoo, Whip- ready for kin:, 233/100 acres).Visitors: Broad-winged poor-will, Downy Woodpecker, Red-eyed instant use Hawk, Barn Swallow,Purple Martin, Swain- Vireo and Cardinal. in the son's Thrush, Black-throated Green Warbler, ',•• PELICAN Cam. Grackle. Scarlet Tanager. Remarks: 217. OAK - HICKORY FOREST V. -- POUCH Singlenests found: Chuck-will's-widow,Sum- Location: Kansas; Douglas Co., East mer Tanager, White-breasted Nuthatch was BeiseckerWoods. Predominantly on the NE UNIQUEdesign snaps over belt or at- feedingyoung. ¬, NE ¬, Section3S, T-14S, R-20E; 38"48'N. taches to optional adjustable 95ø9'W,Baldwin City Quadrangle,USGS. shoulder strap. HOLDS2 bird guides. 215. OAK - HICKORY FOREST IlL -- Continuity: Established 1978. Size: 8. ! ha = HANDYnotebook pocket. PROTECTIVE Location:Kansas; Douglas Co., on the Univ. 20 acres.Description of Plot: See AB 33:67 Velcro flap closure. QUALITYweather- of Kansas Breidenthal Biological Reserve. (1979).Coverage: May 28, 30; June6, 10, 13, proof Cordura© nylon. BEIGEOR Predominantlyon the NE ¬, NE ¬, Section i7, 19, 24, 26; 0630-1430. Total man-hours: NAVY. SIZE 8'"xS"x2'/2". WL 3 oz. 28, T-14•i, R-20E; 38ø48'N,9Sø! l'W, Baldwin 22. Census:Blue Jay, 4 (49, 20); Red-eyed Only $9.9s + $1 postage. OPI1ONAL City Quadrangle, USGS, Continuity: Estab- Vireo, 4; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 3 (37, 15); shoulder strap $1. Ca. res. add 6%. lished 1978. Size: 8. i ha = 20 acres.Descrip- GreatCrested Flycatcher, 3; Tufted Titmouse, Prompt deiiv. Money back guarant. tion of Plot: See AB 33:66-67 (1979). Cover- 3; WoodThrush, 3; Ovenbird,3; Kentucky Send check or m.o. to age: May 23; June I, S, 9, II, 14, •19,30; Warbler,3; DownyWoodpecker, 2; E. Wood TAMRAC, Dept. AB 0645-1240 and 1845-2015. Total man-hours: Pewee,2; Black-cappedChickadee, 2; White- 6910 Hayvenhurst Ave., Ste. 102 25. Census:Great CrestedFlycatcher, S (62, breasted Nuthatch, 2; Brown-headed Cow- Van Nuys, CA 91406 2S); Blue Jay, S; Red-eyedVireo, S; Kentucky bird, 2; Summer Tanager, 2; Cardinal, 2; ß ß ß Warbler, S; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 4 (49, 20); Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 2; Whip-poor-will, BIRDING CLUBS, local Audubon DownyWoodpecker, 4; Black-cappedChick- i; Red-headed Woodpecker, l; Louisiana Societies and Nature Stores are In- adee, 4; Tufted Titmouse, 4; Rose-breasted Waterthrush,I; Scarlet Tanager, l; Red- vited to send for our discount Grosbeak, 4; E. Wood Pewee, 3 (37, IS); tailed Hawk, +; Mourning Dove, +; Corn. Information. Profits help White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Brown-headed Flicker,+; Red-belliedWoodpecker, +; Am. support your local organization. Cowbird, 3; Cardinal, 3; Red-headed Wood- Robin, +; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, +; N. pecker, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Wood Oriole, +. Total: 27 species;46 territorial Thrush, 2; Ovenbird, 2; Louisiana Water- males (568/km 2, 230/100 acres). Visitors: Tur- thrush,2; BarredOwl, 1; Whip-poor-will,1; key Vulture. Chuck-will's-widow,Rough- Cam. Flicker, 1; Red-be!liedWoodpecker, 1; winged Swallow, Carolina Wren, N. Parula, Brown Thrasher, 1; N. Parula, 1; N. Oriole, 1; Gray Catbird,Indigo Bunting, Am. Goldfinch. ScarletTanager, 1; SummerTanager, I; Red- Remarks: Nestsfound: Yellow-billed Cuckoo, tailed Hawk, +; Black-billed Cuckoo, +; BlueJay, Wood Thrush, Red-eyed Vireo, Car- Screech Owl, +; Chuck-will's-widow, +; dinal.Ovenbirds were observed feeding fledged Ruby-throatedHummingbird, +; Am. Robin, young. +; Blue-grayGnatcatcher, +; Indigo Bunting, +. Total: 3S species;71 territorial males(877/ km 2, 3SS/100 acres). Visitors: E. Phoebe. Wil- low Flycatcher, House Wren, Swainsoh's Thrush, Yellow-throated Vireo, Mourning Warbler, Am. Redstart. Cam. Grackle. Remarks: Breedingactivity observed: Yellow- billed Cuckoo (nest), Barred Owl (nest), Patricia Lodlio-booksellerBox 46 Buckfield,Maine 04220 Whip-poor-will (nest). Red-headed Wood- pecker(nest), Louisiana Waterthrush (female (207) 336-2969 carryingnesting material), Kentucky Warbler Out of Print, Rare and New (I nest, 2 other pairs feedingyoung), Rose- -,, breasted Grosbeak (female carrying nest material). 216. OAK - HICKORY FOREST IV. -- ';" Bird Book Location: Kansas; DouglasCo., Sturdy's Woods.Predominantly on the NE '/4, NE ¬, Section 27, T-14S, R-20E; 38'4ffN, c/Sø10'W, AnnotatedCatalogues: $1.50 ByAppointment BaldwinCity Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity:
Volume34, Number I 105 218. OAK - HICKORY FOREST VI. -- ThroughJuly, 27 in hadfallen or roughly80ø70 Location: Kansas, Douglas Co., West of the normalyearly amount. Coverage: May BeiseckerWoods. Predominantlyon the SW 28; June 3, 10, 17, 24; July 4. Total man- •A, NE %, Section35, T-14S, R-20E; 38ø48'N. hours: 17.5. Census: House Wren, 15 (121, 95ø9'W,Baldwin City Quadrangle,USGS. 49); Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 8 (64, 26); Car- Continuity: Established 1978. Size: 8.1 ha = dinal, 6.5 (52, 21); Black-cappedChickadee, 20 acres. Description of Plot: See AB 33:67 5.5 (44, 18); Brown-headed Cowbird, 5 (40, (1979).Coverage: May 28, 30; June6. 10, 13, 16); Indigo Bunting, 5; Red-headedWood- 17, 19, 24. 26; 0630-1530. Total man-hours: pecker,4 ( 32, 13); Great CrestedFlycatcher, 20. Census:Blue Jay, 4 (49, 20); Red-eyed 3.5 (28, 11); E. Wood Pewee,3.5; N. Oriole, 3 Vireo, 4; Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 3 (37, 15); (24, 10); Com. Flicker, 2.5 (20, 8); Blue Jay, GreatCrested Flycatcher, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 2.5; Rufous-sidedTowhee, 2.5; Mourning 3; Cardinal, 3; Whip-poor-will, 2; Downy Dove, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Red-belhed Woodpecker,2; E. Wood Pewee,2; Ovenbird, Woodpecker,1.5; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1 5, 2; Brown-headedCowbird, 2; Summer Tana- Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Bobwhite, 1; Downy A tenday comprehensive tourof the ger, 2; Mourning Dove, 1; Chuck-will's- Woodpecker,1; Com. Crow, 1; White-breasted threeIslands ofprime birding interest- widow, 1; Red-belliedWoodpecker, 1; Hairy Nuthatch, 1; Starling,1; Red-eyedVireo, 1, Hawaii,Maul and Kauai including Woodpecker,1; Black-cappedChickadee, 1; Green Heron, +; Black-billed Cuckoo, +, theAlakai Swamp. Guides inresiden- White-breastedNuthatch, 1; Wood Thrush, Barred Owl, +; Belted Kingfisher,+; Hairy 1; Rose-breastedGrosbeak, 1; Indigo Bunt- Woodpecker,+; E Phoebe,+; Willow Flycatch- ceknow their Island, its birds and ing, 1; Red-tailed Hawk. +; Great Horned er, +; WarblingVireo, +; Corn.Yellowthroat, flora.Departures June õand Sept. 25 Owl, +; Com. Flicker, +; KentuckyWarbler, +; Blue Grosbeak,+. Total: 34 species;80 5 1980.Share twin $651 per person, +. Total: 25 species;41 territorialmales (507/ territorial malesor females(647/kmL 262/100 plusairfare. Send for further infor- kmL 205/100 acres).Visitors: Purple Martin, acres).Visitors: Corn. Nighthawk, Chimney mationand detailed itinerary: Com. Crow, Am. Robin, Warbling Vireo, N. Swift, E. Kingbird, Barn Swallow, Rough- Oriole, Com. Grackle, Am. Goldfinch. winged Swallow,Brown Thrasher, E. Blue- ISLANDHOLIOAYS Remarks: Nests found: Chuck-will's-widow, 214 GrantAve. bird, Am. Goldfinch,Field Sparrow.Remarks: Whip-poor-will, Downy Woodpecker, E. Nests found: Red-tailed Hawk; E. Wood Wood Pewee, Blue Jay, Tufted Titmouse, Pewee,2; House Wren; Cardinal, 2; Rufous- Red-eyedVireo, and Cardinal. sidedTowbee, with 2 towbeeeggs and 1 cow- bird egg. New to the count were Black-balled 219. WOODLAND ALONG STREAM ON Cuckoo, Barred Owl, and Blue Grosbeak PRAIRIE. -- Location:Kansas; Lyon Co., 3 Althoughthese data are scant,certain resident mi NNE of Allen; 38ø42'N, 96ø09'W, Allen speciesr6fiect a reductionin numberscom- Quadrangle,USGS. Continuity: Established pared with last year. These speciesinclude 1978. Size: 12.44 ha = 30.74 acres.Descrip- Bobwhite,Red-bellied Woodpecker, Downy tion of Plot: See AB 33:80 (1979). Weather: Woodpecker,Black-capped Chickadee and Generallywet and cool;temperatures some- Tufted Titmouse. The severe winter of 1979 •s what below normal. The averageannual pre- suspect.-- LARRY HERBERT, Box 2. Allen cipitation in Emporia, 20 mi S, is 34 in. Kans. 66833.
81st Audubon Christmas Bird Count
Saturday,December 20, 1980 through Sunday,January 4, 1981 A 16-day, three-weekendperiod
Applicationsfor the establishmentof new countsshould be submittedby October 15, 1980, and shouldinclude a map showingthe exactcenter and circumference(15-mile diameter) of the proposed countand the circlesof the nearestexisting counts. Counts may not overlap.Letters should also indi- cateapproximate number of participants(10 minimum)and generalexpertise of leaders.
Countform packetsare mailedNovember 10 to compilersof record.Changes of compilersor addresses shouldbe submittedby October 15, 1980.
106 AmericanBirds, January 1980