Unusual Crops to Grow

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Unusual crops to grow Cut out to make your A very popular South American potato-like crop also used in New Zealand. Grown in Europe since own seed the 1600’s. Oca packet! Learning activity: investigate · Investigate why, in modern times, we eat Latin name: Oxalis tuberosa potatoes and rarely oca · Research why being dependant on potatoes Origin: South America (Andes) was a reason for the Irish Potato famine Plant family: Oxilidaceae (treat like a potato. · Discover how plants overwinter in a tuber. Store in a cool but related to plants such as Wood sorrel) frost-free place. Growing instructions Picture Credit: Garden Organic · Can be grown in a similar way to potatoes. · Tubers bought from greengrocers will generally produce excellent crops. · Plant the tubers after risk of frost has passed. A very popular South American potato-like crop also · Plant 30cm apart, as the plants produce a lot of used in New Zealand. Grown in Europe since the foliage. 1600’s. · Water well during any spells of dry weather. · Only harvest after frost has killed off the foliage Background: Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) originated in as the tubers only develop when day length the Andean Highlands, and was taken to other parts shortens. of the world in the 19th century as an alternative to · Leave Oca until late October as they develop their tubers very late in the season. the potato. It is now quite commonly grown in New Zealand but has never really become popular in Growing instructions Europe. It is a frost sensitive tuber crop and the foliage http://www.foodgrowingschools.org/events/world/ provides good ground cover. Oca tends to have a http://oca-testbed.blogspot.co.uk slightly tangy lemon taste - the flesh is firm but juicy Culinary uses and crisp when eaten raw but becoming more starchy Cook oca like you would a potato and compare if well cooked. The tubers vary in colour. the taste, texture and smell. It can be used in Picture Credit: Garden Organic stews. See website for Causa a la Oca. Sowing Ideas. Growing Inspiration. Cultivating Futures. www.foodgrowingschools.org 024 7621 7747 | [email protected] | @foodgrowingschools | @foodgrowschools.

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ABSTRACT Oxalis Triangularis (A.St.-Hil) Or Commonly Known As
ABSTRACT Oxalis triangularis (A.St.-Hil) or commonly known as ‘Pokok Rama-rama’ in Malaysia is a beautiful ornamental plant which is propagated by bulbs. The plant grows to a height of 0.1 m - 0.2 m and is perfect for cultivating in pots or containers. Nowadays, with the emerging and advanced technologies, an efficient protocol has been established for a rapid multiplication of Oxalis triangularis in a large scale production under aseptic conditions. In vitro plant regeneration of Oxalis triangularis was successfully obtained in the present study via petiole and leaf as explants. The petiole explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/l Kinetin (KIN) produced maximum number of adventitious shoots (12 shoots) while for leaf explants, the best treatment achieved on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA and 1.5 mg/l 6- Benzylaminopurine (BAP) which produced a maximum of 14 shoots within 8 weeks. Comparison between in vivo plants and in vitro was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope. The morphological features for both petiole and leaf samples have no differences. Both contain same structures of stomata and trichomes. In vitro flowering which is very important in order to improve quality and shortened physiological process of flowering was observed when adventitious shoots explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP (90% in vitro flowering). In the synthetic seeds study, two different storage durations were tested (Day 7 and Day 30). The highest frequency of synthetic seeds production in Oxalis triangularis was recorded on Day 7 with 96.67% of conversion frequency.
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Andean Tuber and Root Crops: Origin and Variability
1-118 ANDEAN TUBER AND ROOT CROPS: ORIGIN AND VARIABILITY -by- Jorge Leon IAIAS - Andean Zone The human occupancy of the Andean highlands is more than 10,000 years old. If the common theory is accepted that man came to America through the Bering strait and dispersed southwards, then the Andean highlands offered to early man a series of habitats that were somewhat similar to the northern part of Asia. The cool, barren punas were excellent hunting grounds. The auchenids: guanaco, nama, vicuna and alpaca, supplied him with abundant meat and furs. The open country covered with grass, in the belt between the 3000-4000 m., with clear streams and many caves, was probably the first area in which man settled permanently in the Andes. The remains of EI Inga in Ecuador and the caves of Lauricocha in Peru, show that hunting was the predominant activity of the Andean man 8000-6000 years ago. In the high Andes the frost-free period determine the growing season. Only few plants, grasses like Stipa, could grow continuously. The majority of the species have developed extensive subterranean organs, storage roots or tubers, which are permanent; during the frost-free season they put up few leaves and flowers, the latter comparatively large. AlI the aerial parts are eventualIy destroyed by frost, which marks the end of the growing period. In the tuber plants, the underground organs continue to grow for some period after the aerial parts have died; they are ready to sprout again as soon as the frost disappears in the next growing season.
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Characterization of a Mixture of Oca (Oxalis Tuberosa) and Oat Extrudate Flours: Antioxidant and Physicochemical Attributes
Hindawi Journal of Food Quality Volume 2019, Article ID 1238562, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1238562 Research Article Characterization of a Mixture of Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) and Oat Extrudate Flours: Antioxidant and Physicochemical Attributes Marisol P. Castro-Mendoza,1 Heidi M. Palma-Rodriguez,1 Erick Heredia-Olea ,2 Juan P. Hernańdez-Uribe ,1 Edgar O. Lo´pez-Villegas,3 Sergio O. Serna-Saldivar ,2 and Apolonio Vargas-Torres1 1Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autońoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, Mexico 2Escuela de Ingenier´ıa y Ciencias, Tecnolo´gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leoń, Mexico 3Central de Microscopia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioló gicas, Instituto Polité cnico Nacional (IPN), Mé xico City, Mexico Correspondence should be addressed to Juan P. Herná ndez-Uribe; [email protected] Received 7 May 2019; Accepted 18 July 2019; Published 15 August 2019 Academic Editor: Teresa Zotta Copyright © 2019 Marisol P. Castro-Mendoza et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. e oca (Oxalis tuberosa) is a tuber with high starch content and excellent antioxidant properties, which can be used in the production of extruded products; however, starch-rich products can be improved nutritionally through the incorporation of bers that can result in extrudates with benecial health properties. e aim of this work was to develop a mixture of oca (Oxalis tuberosa) and oat extrudate ours and evaluate the antioxidant and physicochemical attributes.
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Effect of the Management of Seed Flows And
Agric Hum Values DOI 10.1007/s10460-015-9646-3 Effect of the management of seed ﬂows and mode of propagation on the genetic diversity in an Andean farming system: the case of oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.) 1 1 2 1 Maxime Bonnave • Thomas Bleeckx • Franz Terrazas • Pierre Bertin Accepted: 3 August 2015 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 Abstract The seed system is a major component of tra- cash and self-consumption landraces. Cash landraces were ditional management of crop genetic diversity in developing intensively exchanged; self-consumption landraces were countries. Seed ﬂows are an important part of this system. isolated at the farmer level and prone to genetic drift and They have been poorly studied for minor Andean crops, complete loss. Merchants exported seeds of cash landraces especially those that are propagated vegetatively. We across Bolivia and into Peru and Argentina. New sexually examine the seed exchanges of Oxalis tuberosa Mol. (oca), a produced genotypes are less incorporated into cash landraces vegetatively propagated crop capable of sexual reproduc- than in self-consumed landraces. However, new genotypes tion. We studied the seed exchanges of four rural commu- incorporated into cash landraces are diffused faster and nities in Candelaria district (Cochabamba department, better, being more intensively exchanged. We propose Bolivia) at the international and local levels, emphasizing conservation strategies that can be applied to other vegeta- the spread of new sexually-produced genotypes through tively propagated and minor Andean crops. these exchanges. Interviews with 44 farmers generated socioeconomic, agronomic, crop diversity and seed Keywords Landrace diversity Á Minor crop Á Propagation exchange information, and data on the potential incorpora- mode Á Seed exchange Á Andes Á Wealth tion of new sexually-produced genotypes in the crop germplasm.
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Seeds and Plants Imported
Issued December 23,1915. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT. INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1913. (No. 36; Nos. 35667 TO 3625§^ WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1915. Issued December 23,1915. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1913. (No. 36; Nos. 35667 TO 36258. ) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1915. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Assistant Chief of Bureau, KARL F. KELLERMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL. Chief Clerk, JAMES E. JONES. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAFF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge. P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Field Stations. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Foreign Plant Distribution. Frank N. Mayer and Wilson Popenoe, Agricultural Explorers. H. C. Skeels, S. C. Stuntz, andR. A. Young, Botanical Assistants. Allen M. Groves, Nathan Menderson, and Glen P. Van Eseltine, Assistants. Robert L. Beagles, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, Cal. Edward Simmonds, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Miami, Fla. John M. Rankin, Superintendent, Yarrow Plant Introduction Field Station, Rockville, Md. E. R. Johnston, Assistant in Charge, Plant Introduction Field Station, Brooksville, Fla. Edward Goucher and H. Klopfer, Plant Propagators. Collaborators: Aaron Aaronsohn, Director, Jewish Agricultural Experimental Station, Haifa, Palestine; Thomas W.
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is cookbook is a collection of recipes shared by residents of High Andean regions of Peru STRENGTHENING HIGH ANDEAN INDIGENOUS and Ecuador that embody the varied diet and rich culinary traditions of their indigenous TRADITIONAL HIGH ANDEAN CUISINE ORGANISATIONS AND RESCUING THEIR communities. Readers will discover local approaches to preparing some of the unique TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS plants that the peoples of the region have cultivated over millennia, many of which have found international notoriety in recent decades including grains such as quinoa and amaranth, tubers like oca (New Zealand yam), olluco (earth gems), and yacon (Peruvian ground apple), and fruits such as aguaymanto (cape gooseberry). e book is the product of a broader eﬀort to assist people of the region in reclaiming their agricultural and dietary traditions, and achieving both food security and viable household incomes. ose endeavors include the recovery of a wide variety of unique plant varieties and traditional farming techniques developed during many centuries in response to the unique environmental conditions of the high Andean plateau. TRADITIONAL Strengthening Indigenous Organizations and Support for the Recovery of Traditional Products in High-Andean zones of Peru and Ecuador HIGH ANDEAN Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Regional Oﬃce for Latin America and the Caribbean CUISINE Av. Dag Hammarskjöld 3241, Vitacura, Santiago de Chile Telephone: (56-2) 29232100 - Fax: (56-2) 29232101 http://www.rlc.fao.org/es/proyectos/forsandino/ FORSANDINO STRENGTHENING HIGH ANDEAN INDIGENOUS ORGANISATIONS AND RESCUING THEIR TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS Llaqta Kallpanchaq Runa Kawsay P e r u E c u a d o r TRADITIONAL HIGH ANDEAN CUISINE Allin Mikuy / Sumak Mikuy Published by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (FAO/RLC) FAO Regional Project GCP/RLA/163/NZE 1 Worldwide distribution of English edition Traditional High Andean Cuisine: Allin Mikuy / Sumak Mikuy FAORLC: 2013 222p.; 21x21 cm.
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Characterisation of starches isolated from Arracacha xanthorriza, Canna edulis and Oxalis tuberosa and extracted from potato leaf Stalin Santacruz Department of Food Science Uppsala Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2004 Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae Agraria 486 ISSN 1401-6249 ISBN 91-576-6763-2 © 2004 Stalin Santacruz, Uppsala Tryck: SLU Service/Repro, Uppsala 2004 Abstract Santacruz, S. 2004. Characterisation of starches isolated from Arracacha xanthorriza, Canna edulis and Oxalis tuberosa and extracted from potato leaf. Doctoral thesis, ISSN 1401-6249, ISBN 91-576-6763-2 Starches from Arracacha xanthorriza, Canna edulis and Oxalis tuberosa grown in the Andean region were characterised. All three starches revealed a B-type X-ray diffraction pattern. The amylose content determined by gel permeation chromatography was 4% for A. xanthorriza, 18% for O. tuberosa, and 24% for C. edulis. The complexation ability of the three starches with a surfactant was investigated, and the amylose content was found to be positively correlated with the enthalpy of the complex. The dynamic rheological behaviour of gels made with the three starches was studied in strain-sweep mode. A. xanthorriza starch formed gels which had a stable elastic modulus when stored for three days at 4 ºC. A decrease in pH from 6.5 to 4.0 resulted in a reduction of the elastic modulus for all three starches. The starch content in potato leaves collected at different times on a day and night in July varied between 2% and 13%, with a minimum in early morning and a maximum in late afternoon. Much lower starch content was found in leaves collected in August, when, the morning samples again had the lowest content.
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8 Genetic diversity of the Andean tuber-bearing species, oca (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.), investigated by inter-simple sequence repeats A. Pissard, M. Ghislain, and P. Bertin Abstract: The Andean tuber-bearing species, Oxalis tuberosa Mol., is a vegetatively propagated crop cultivated in the uplands of the Andes. Its genetic diversity was investigated in the present study using the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique. Thirty-two accessions originating from South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru) and maintained in vitro were chosen to represent the ecogeographic diversity of its cultivation area. Twenty-two primers were tested and 9 were selected according to fingerprinting quality and reproducibility. Genetic diversity analysis was performed with 90 markers. Jaccard’s genetic distance between accessions ranged from 0 to 0.49 with an average of 0.28 ± 0.08 (mean ± SD). Dendrogram (UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging)) and facto- rial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that the genetic structure was influenced by the collection site. The two most distant clusters contained all of the Peruvian accessions, one from Bolivia, none from Argentina or Chile. Analy- sis by country revealed that Peru presented the greatest genetic distances from the other countries and possessed the highest intra-country genetic distance (0.30 ± 0.08). This suggests that the Peruvian oca accessions form a distinct ge- netic group. The relatively low level of genetic diversity in the oca species may be related to its predominating repro- duction strategy, i.e., vegetative propagation. The extent and structure of the genetic diversity of the species detailed here should help the establishment of conservation strategies.
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Oxalis Tuberosa
Oxalis tuberosa Oxalis tuberosa (Oxalidaceae) is a perennial herbaceous diversity may be described with respect to morphological plant that overwinters as underground stem tubers. These characters, local cultivar names, or molecular markers. tubers are known as uqa in Quechua,[1] hispanicized oca, as New Zealand yam and a number of other alternative names. The plant was brought into cultivation in the cen- 2.1 Morphological characters tral and southern Andes for its tubers, which are used as a root vegetable. The plant is not known in the wild, but Oca morphotypes are distinguished by foliar, floral, populations of wild Oxalis species that bear smaller tu- fruit, stem, and tuber characteristics, as described in the bers are known from four areas of the central Andean International Plant Genetic Resources Institute’s docu- [2] region. Oca was introduced to Europe in 1830 as a ment on oca descriptors.[6] The morphological diversity competitor to the potato, and to New Zealand as early of oca tubers, in particular, is astounding. Tubers range as 1860. from 25 to 150 mm in length by 25 mm in width;[7] skin In New Zealand, oca has become a popular table veg- and flesh color may be white, cream, yellow, orange, pink, [6] etable and is simply called yam or New Zealand yam (al- red, and/or purple and distributed in range of patterns. though not a true yam). It is now available in a range of colours, including yellow, orange, pink, apricot, and the traditional red.[3][4] 2.2 Local cultivar names Oca-growing communities often name varieties based 1 Cultural significance primarily on tuber morphology[8] and secondarily on flavor.[2] For example, common names may include ushpa negra (black ash) or puka panti (red Cosmos Grown primarily by Quechua and Aymara farmers, oca peucedanifolius).
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Bibliography on UNDERUTILIZED ROOTS and TUBERS CROPS
InternationalInternational PlantPlant GeneticGenetic ResourcesResources InstituteInstitute Bibliography on UNDERUTILIZED ROOTS AND TUBERS CROPS Dimary Libreros, compiler International Plant Genetic Resources Institute Americas Group Bibliography on UNDERUTILIZED ROOTS AND TUBERS CROPS compiled by Dimary Libreros Cali, Colombia, Abril 2001 Bibliography on Underutilized Roots and Tubers Crops iii Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................... iv Plant Pathology ..................................................................................................... 1 Plant Breeding ....................................................................................................... 3 Plant Propagation.................................................................................................. 9 Taxonomy and Evolution .................................................................................... 11 Crop Management and Production .................................................................... 17 Plant Physiology .................................................................................................. 21 Entomology ......................................................................................................... 24 Roots and Tubers Chemical Composition.......................................................... 24 iv Bibliography on Underutilized Roots and Tubers Crops INTRODUCTION Roots and tubers crops are present in the diet of
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