Regional Spatial Strategy for the East Midlands (RSS8)

GOVERNMENT OFFICE FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS

Regional Spatial Strategy For The East Midlands (RSS8)

March 2005

GOVERNMENT OFFICE FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS

Regional Spatial Strategy For The East Midlands (RSS8)

March 2005

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ISBN 0 11 753941 4

Printed in Great Britain on material containing 75% post-consumer waste and 25% ECF pulp N177455 C19 19585 03/05 301825 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 5 Foreword

Following the enactment of the Planning & Compulsory have also been made for clarification or updating of fact. Purchase Act 2004 Regional Planning Guidance (RPG) Next Review became part of the statutory development plan and has been re-named as a Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS). RPG8 This revision has not reviewed all parts of the previous therefore becomes RSS8 and this replaces the RPG8 RPG8 and the key parts not revised include: published in January 2002. Following the provisions of the • Housing provision figures new Act all statutory planning documents must now be in • general conformity with its policies. The percentage of housing to be built on previously- developed land This revised RSS8 has taken into account the independent • The Sequential Approach to encourage sustainable Panel’s recommendations following the Public Examination development held in Nottingham in November—December 2003 and also • incorporates changes made by the First Secretary of State Affordable housing following public consultation on proposed changes on the These matters will be re-examined in the next major review revised RPG8. Further changes, relating to which will be conducted under the Regional Spatial Northamptonshire, have also been made following the Strategy principles established by the Planning & Public Examination (March—April 2004) and subsequent Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. This review, covering the public consultation on proposed changes related to the period up to 2026, will be launched in spring/summer 2005 Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy. and following the process laid out in Planning Policy In some cases changes have responded to representations Statement 11 Regional Spatial Strategies (PPS11) is expected where these do not involve changes in policy. Changes to be published in its final form early in 2008. Yorkshire and the Humber

North West Huddersfield

Oldham Barnsley Key Diagram Doncaster Manchester Rotherham Key: Stockport Sheffield Principal Urban Areas (Policies 5, 21, 32, 51)

Growth Towns Worksop (Policies 5, 13, 21, 32, 51 and section 6) PPeakeak SSub-Areaub-Area ChesterfieldChesterfield Sub-Regional Centres (Policies 7, 21, 32, 51) NorthernNorthern Sub-AreaSub-Area Sub-Area Boundaries MansfieldMansfield (Policies 7–16)

Green Belt (Policies 14, 16)

Peak District National Park Stoke (Policies 10, 11, 12, 30) NOTTINGHAMNOTTINGHAM

Lincolnshire Wolds AONB DERBY (Policies 7, 30)

Strategic River Corridors TThreehree CitiesCities (Policy 34) Sub-AreaSub-Area Lincolnshire Coast Loughborough Mel (Policy 35) Coalville Northern Sub-Area Regeneration Priority (Policies 9, 21) LLEICESTEREICESTER Lincoln Policy Area (Policy 7)

Hinckley Other Regeneration Priorities (Policies 7, 13, 21) Nuneaton

Market Proposed Sub-Regional Spatial Strategies Harborough (Policies 7, 9, 16 and section 6) Ketteri Coventry Airports Birmingham Rugby (Policies 15, 16, 55) Southern SSub-Area National Forest Wellingbor (Policy 29) Daventry NORTHAMPTON Regional Highway Priorities West Midlands (Policy 52)

Regional Rail Priorities (Policy 49)

Multi-Modal Studies

Ports Banbury Areas Outside the East Midlands

South East Hull REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 7 N Contents Immingham

Scunthorpe Executive Summary 8 Grimsby 1. Background 9 2. Core Strategy 13 3. Spatial Strategy 15 Gainsborough 3.1 A Sequential Approach to Development Form 15

Mablethorpe 3.2 Promoting Better Design 15 3.3 Regional Priorities for Urban Communities 16 3.4 Regional Priorities for Rural Communities 17 3.5 Sub-area Priorities 18 LINCOLN Eastern 19 Skegness Northern 20 Peak 22

Newark-on-Trent Southern 23 Eastern Sub-Area Three Cities 24

Boston 4. Topic Based Priorities 27 4.1 Regional Priorities for Housing 27

Grantham 4.2 Regional Priorities for the Economy and for Regeneration 29 4.3 Regional Priorities for Natural and Cultural Sutton Bridge Resources 34

ton Mowbray 4.4 Regional Transport Strategy (RTS) 47 5. Regional Priorities for Monitoring and Review 55 6. Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy 56 Part A (Sub-Regional Statement) 58 Peterborough Part B (Statement for Northamptonshire) 70 Appendices 78 Corby 1. List of PPGs, PPSs and MPGs 78 2. RSS National Core Indicators 79 3. Implementation of Policies, ng Measures and Targets 82 Southern Sub-AreaSub-Area East of England 4. Regional Housing Provision 91 rough 5. Regional Biodiversity Habitat Management and Recreation Targets 93 6. Regional Renewable Energy Targets 96 7. Regional Car Parking Standards 97

Bedford 8. Regional and Sub-area Transport Investment Priorities 100

Milton Keynes

Luton 03010 20 Kilometres

0 10 20 Miles 8 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) Executive Summary

This Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) provides a broad Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Regional development strategy for the East Midlands up to 2021. It Spatial Strategy (MKSM), which proposes new also represents the spatial element of the East Midlands growth and sustainable patterns of development in Integrated Regional Strategy (IRS). several locations in Northamptonshire as well as in areas outside the region, around Milton Keynes and It is divided into three main sections: in Bedfordshire. This has been subject to a separate • Core Strategy consultation exercise and a Public Examination, • Spatial Strategy which took place 23 March—29 April 2004. • Topic Based Priorities 3. Topic Based Priorities 1. Core Strategy This is split into 5 main topic areas: The Core Strategy sets the Regional Planning Housing: Apart from Northamptonshire, which has Guidance firmly within the framework of the been reviewed as part of the MKSM Spatial Strategy, region’s Integrated Regional Strategy and outlines housing provision remains unchanged from RPG8 in Policy 1 the 10 Regional Core Objectives. These issued in 2002. Targets for affordable housing and establish the context for development plans and development on brownfield land remain unchanged. local development frameworks. Economy and Regeneration: Based on the revised 2. Spatial Strategy Regional Economic Strategy produced by the East The Spatial Strategy is based on the Sequential Midlands Development Agency (emda), this also Approach to Development Form which remains includes new policies on employment land and town unchanged from RPG8 issued in January 2002. This centres which have been informed by regional provides the framework for meeting the region’s studies jointly funded with Government. development needs in a way that promotes a more Natural and Cultural Resources: Based on the sustainable pattern of development. Regional Environment Strategy produced by the The Spatial Strategy also outlines regional priorities Regional Assembly, this includes new targets for for both urban and rural communities. It defines the biodiversity, waste reduction and management, new designations of Principal Urban Area (PUA) and renewable energy and energy efficiency. A new Sub-Regional Centre (SRC), and outlines priorities approach to managing flood risk has also been for their development. The Strategy also contains developed. more detailed policies in respect of the region’s 5 Regional Transport Strategy (RTS): Contains Sub-areas. These are: policies and proposals to help deliver the Spatial • Eastern Sub-area Strategy, and contribute to other RSS priorities. The • Northern Sub-area RTS aims to reduce the need to travel and the rate • Peak Sub-area of traffic growth, promote a step change in the quantity and quality of public transport, and only • Southern Sub-area promotes additional highway capacity when all other • Three Cities Sub-area options have been exhausted. It has been informed The following Sub-Regional Spatial Strategies are by a number of Multi-Modal and Road Based Studies, proposed: as well as the Regional State of Freight Study. Lincoln Policy Area: to develop fully the Monitoring and Review: Outlines initial priorities strengthening of the regional role of the City of for the next RSS review, and a revised list of Core Lincoln. Indicators. Northern Sub-area: to provide a clear vision for the regeneration of the sub-area following the decline of the coal mining industry. Three Cities Sub-area: to propose ways of developing relationships between Derby, Leicester and Nottingham to create more sustainable patterns of development and movement, and to promote economic competitiveness. In addition, Northamptonshire is included in the REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 9 1. Background

1.1 Introduction individual policy should be viewed in consideration with other policies that make up the RSS. The East Midlands Region covers the counties of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, 1.3 The Role of the East Midlands Integrated Northamptonshire and Nottinghamshire, and Regional Strategy (IRS) includes the unitary authorities of Derby, Leicester, Nottingham and Rutland. For the purposes of this 1.3.1 Government guidance recommends regional RSS, the whole of the Peak District National Park, strategies such as the RSS and the RES should be which includes areas outside Derbyshire, is treated drawn up within an overarching sustainable as part of the East Midlands Region. development framework to ensure consistency. In Under the provisions of the Planning and the East Midlands this is provided by the East Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, this document Midlands Integrated Regional Strategy (IRS) developed by the East Midlands Regional Assembly comprises Regional Spatial Strategy for the East (EMRA). Within an overall policy framework it Midlands (RSS8) for the period to 2021. comprises four themes: Following public consultation of the draft Revised • Environment RPG8 in April—July 2003, a Public Examination held • Social before an independent Panel in November- • Economic December 2003, the public consultation on the • Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Regional Spatial Strategy and separate Public Examination held in 1.3.2 The RSS primarily supports the spatial theme of the March—April 2004, and subsequent further IRS (which includes transport), and the RES, the consultation on proposed changes on both economic theme. EMRA is leading the development documents, this RSS incorporates all changes duly of the environmental and social themes, including considered and accepted by the First Secretary of health and social exclusion. All elements of the IRS State. policy framework have been used to inform the development of the RSS. Further details are 1.2 The Role of RSS contained in Section 2.2. 1.2.1 The main role of RSS is to provide a strategy within which local authorities’ planning documents and 1.4 East Midlands Overview local transport plans can be prepared. It may also be Key Characteristics material to decisions on individual planning 1.4.1 The East Midlands is a large and diverse region. With applications and appeals. However, the RSS does not a population of around 4.2 million, it has a provide a checklist of everything that should be in a distinctive polycentric settlement structure, based development plan or local development framework on the three major national cities of Nottingham, and cross refers to, rather than repeats, national Derby and Leicester and the regional centres of policy guidance where there is little to add at the Lincoln and Northampton. Just under 40% of the regional level. Nor does RSS descend into site population live in towns and villages of less than specific issues or a level of detail more appropriate 10,000, which also makes the East Midlands one of to development plans. the more rural regions in England. The region is also 1.2.2 Instead, the RSS provides a broad development characterised by a wide range of contrasting strategy for the East Midlands up to 2021. It environmental social and economic conditions. This identifies the scale and distribution of provision for diversity can be best illustrated by dividing the East new housing and priorities for the environment, Midlands into five sub-areas: transport, infrastructure, economic development, • Eastern Sub-area: comprising Lincolnshire, agriculture, energy, minerals and waste treatment Rutland and the eastern parts of Nottinghamshire and disposal. The Strategy also provides the longer and Leicestershire. term planning framework for the Regional Economic • Northern Sub-area: comprising the former Strategy (RES), prepared by the East Midlands coalfield areas of north Derbyshire and north Development Agency (emda), and should be used to Nottinghamshire. inform the development of relevant non land-use • Peak Sub-area: comprising the National Park strategies and programmes in the region. together with the surrounding areas of the Peak 1.2.3 This RSS outlines 56 regional policies and is District. structured into a Core Strategy, a Spatial Strategy • Southern Sub-area: comprising and a series of Topic Based Priorities. All of the Northamptonshire and the most southerly parts of policies are inherently linked and as a result any Leicestershire. 10 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Diagram 1: Inter-Regional Linkages

NORTH WEST YORKSHIRE & THE HUMBER • Functional/labour market links between north-west • Important strategic transport links along M1, Derbyshire and the Manchester Conurbation Derby/Nottingham—Sheffield/Leeds Main Line and • Impact of the Manchester Conurbation housing A1, East Coast Main Line and Trent navigation market on north-west Derbyshire • Role of the new Airport near Doncaster • Role of Manchester Airport for the north-western • Functional/labour market links between north-east part of the East Midlands Region Derbyshire/north Nottinghamshire and • Role of Peak National Park in relation to recreation Sheffield/Rotherham, Grimsby/Cleethorpes and needs of the Manchester Conurbation north Lincolnshire • Role of Peak National Park in relation to transport • Role of Peak National Park in relation to recreation routes between Yorkshire & The Humber and the needs of South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire North-West Regions (A628 Corridor) Conurbations • Role of ports of Grimsby and Immingham, particularly in relation to the Lincolnshire food industry

EAST MIDLANDS

WEST MIDLANDS SOUTH EAST EAST OF ENGLAND Important strategic transport • Important strategic • Important strategic transport links links along M6/M45, West Coast transport links along West along Midland Main Line, East Coast and London—Birmingham Main Coast Main Line, Midland Main Line, M1 and A14 Lines, West Midlands—Felixstowe Main Line, East Coast • A14 provides an East/West Trans- Route, M42/A42/A38, M69/A50 Main Line, M1 and A43 European Transport Network Route and Derby/Nottingham— • Economic linkages and access to the East Coast Ports Birmingham Main Line (motorsport and high- of Felixstowe and Harwich • Inter-relationship between tech engineering) • Role of Felixstowe-Nuneaton Route roles of Nottingham East between the in accommodating rail freight Midlands and Birmingham Northamptonshire and • Links to Luton and Stansted Airports Oxfordshire Airports • Pressures for logistics sites in • Functional/labour market • Functional/labour market linkages M1/M6 and A50 corridors linkages with Milton with Peterborough close to the Keynes and Banbury • Increasing motor industry Regional boundary linkages Toyota—West Midlands close to the Regional boundary • Role of Peterborough, Bedford and • National Forest as a key cross- Luton in accommodating future • Role of Milton Keynes in boundary project growth, as part of the Sustainable accommodating future • Functional/labour market links Communities Plan Growth Area growth, as part of the between Daventry and Strategy Sustainable Communities Rugby/Coventry plus Hinckley Plan Growth Area • The Wash as a shared and Nuneaton/Bedworth Strategy environmental asset and World /Coventry, and south Heritage Site Derbyshire and • Impact of South East • Shared issues of flood risk Burton/Tamworth/Birmingham housing market on Northamptonshire and management with East Anglia • Role of Peak National Park in South Lincolnshire • Shared importance of horticulture relation to recreation needs of and the food industry the Potteries and West • Links to Heathrow and Midlands Conurbations Gatwick Airports REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 11

Three Cities Sub-area: comprising Derby, Leicester within the Eastern Sub-area. Nottingham East and Nottingham and surrounding areas, including Midlands Airport is also a key national and regional Loughborough. asset but has significant environmental impacts that need to be sensitively managed. 1.4.2 Historically, the East Midlands has not experienced the kind of urban coalescence seen in other regions Inter-Regional Linkages such as the West Midlands. Planning policies, 1.4.5 Another key feature of the East Midlands is the fact including the Nottingham/Derby Green Belt, have that it is strongly influenced by the proximity of helped to prevent this. Most of the region’s cities and major urban centres in adjacent regions. Most towns remain relatively self contained and for the notably, the conurbations of the West Midlands, most part, vibrant and healthy. However, there are around Manchester and Sheffield, and to the south, areas of serious economic disadvantage in the East the smaller, but expanding, cities of Milton Keynes Midlands, most notably in the Northern Sub-area, and Peterborough. Some of the key inter-regional but also in parts of many towns and cities elsewhere linkages affecting the East Midlands are outlined in in the region, in the more isolated and sparsely Diagram 1. populated rural areas and on the Lincolnshire Coast. International Linkages 1.4.3 Similarly, whilst the region can boast a number of 1.4.6 The East Midlands has no direct international significant environmental assets, such as the Peak borders but has a number of key international District National Park and the Lincolnshire Wolds linkages. Most notable are those provided by Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), overall Nottingham East Midlands Airport, the Eastern ports the East Midlands is comparatively impoverished in such as Boston (and including links to the ports of environmental terms. The continued long term Grimsby, Immingham and Felixstowe in adjacent decline in biodiversity is a cause of particular regions) and the A14 and West Coast Mainline Trans concern. The effects of climate change, particularly European Network (TEN) routes. Many of the key in terms of flood risk, will also have to be better issues facing the East Midlands are shared by other understood and addressed. parts of the UK and Europe. Opportunities for trans- 1.4.4 As in other regions, pressure is growing on transport national co-operation on spatial planning issues exist infrastructure as travel demand increases. The main through the EU’s Interreg IIIb Community Initiative. north-south road routes are increasingly congested, The East Midlands is eligible to participate in two whilst additional investment is required in rail and Interreg Programmes, the North Sea Region and other forms of public transport. Poor east-west links North West Europe. The East Midlands in a European remain a key issue, for example connections to and context is illustrated in Diagram 2. 12 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Diagram 2: European Context

East Midlands

EU Interreg Programmes

North-West Europe Area

North Sea Area

Oslo

Copenhagen

Dublin

Amsterdam Berlin London

Brussels

Luxembourg Paris

Vienna

Rome REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 13 2. Core Strategy

2.1 Policy Context The East Midlands will be recognised as a region with 2.1.1 The policy context for the Guidance is set at a a high quality of life and sustainable communities number of different levels. that thrives because of its vibrant economy, rich cultural and environmental diversity and the way it The European Policy Context creatively addresses social inequalities, manages its 2.1.2 The European policy context for the Guidance is set resources and contributes to a safer, more inclusive by the European Union European Spatial society. Development Perspective (ESDP). The ESDP has This will be achieved for the benefit of present and three main objectives: future generations through the integration of: • the development of a polycentric and balanced • A vibrant and competitive economy with increased urban system and the strengthening of the productivity characterised by high quality employment relationship between urban and rural areas; learning and skills, enterprising individuals, innovative • the promotion of integrated transport and businesses and improvements in the physical communications which support integration and infrastructure; the polycentric development of the European • Cohesive and diverse communities that empower and Union territory; and engage people, are safe and healthy, combat • the development and conservation of the natural discrimination and disadvantage and provide hope and and cultural heritage contributing both to the opportunities for all; preservation and deepening of regional identities • A rich, diverse and attractive natural and built and the maintenance of the natural and cultural environment and cultural heritage; and diversity of the region. • Sustainable patterns of development that make The UK Policy Context efficient use of land, resources and infrastructure, 2.1.3 The UK Government set out four aims for reduce the need to travel, incorporate sustainable sustainable development in its 1999 strategy. design and construction, and enhance local These are: distinctiveness. • social progress which recognises the needs of everyone; 2.2 The Objectives of the IRS • effective protection of the environment; 2.2.1 The IRS objectives cover the social, economic, • prudent use of natural resources; and environmental and spatial themes of sustainable • maintenance of high and stable levels of economic development. The revised spatial objectives of the growth and employment. IRS are: The Regional Policy Context • To ensure that the location of development makes 2.1.4 At the regional level, this Guidance has been efficient use of existing physical infrastructure and developed within the overall vision set by the East helps to reduce the need to travel; Midlands Regional Assembly’s Integrated Regional • To promote and ensure high standards of Strategy (IRS): sustainable design and construction, optimising the use of previously developed land and buildings; • To minimise waste and to increase the re-use and recycling of waste materials; and • To improve accessibility to jobs and services by increasing the use of public transport, cycling and walking, and reducing traffic growth and congestion. 2.2.2 IRS Objectives have been used as the basis for the sustainability appraisal process which was used to inform the development of the RSS. 2.2.3 In developing and implementing this RSS, it is important to have regard to all the objectives of the IRS and to the other regional strategies which contribute to it. 14 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

2.3 Objectives for Regional Planning Guidance

2.3.1 To translate this policy context into a focused strategy the 10 objectives in Policy 1 will guide spatial development in the region.

Policy 1 Regional Core Objectives Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, Local Transport Plans and Economic Development Strategies will seek: 1. to address social exclusion, through the regeneration of disadvantaged areas and reducing regional inequalities in the distribution of employment, housing, health and other community facilities; 2. to protect and where possible enhance the quality of the environment in urban and rural areas so as to make them safe and attractive places to live and work; 3. to improve the health of the region's residents, for example through improved air quality, the availability of good quality well designed housing and access to leisure and recreation facilities; 4. to promote and improve economic prosperity, employment opportunities and regional competitiveness; 5. to improve accessibility to jobs, homes and services across the region by developing integrated transport, ensuring the improvement of opportunities for walking, cycling and the use of high quality public transport; 6. to achieve effective protection of the environment by avoiding significant harm and securing adequate mitigation where appropriate, and to promote the conservation, enhancement, sensitive use and management of the region's natural and cultural assets; 7. to bring about a step change increase in the level of the region’s biodiversity, by managing and developing habitats to secure gains wherever possible, and ensuring no net loss of priority habitats and species; 8. to promote the prudent use of resources, in particular through patterns of development and transport that make efficient and effective use of existing infrastructure, optimise waste minimisation, reduce overall energy use and maximise the role of renewable energy generation; 9. to take action to reduce the scale and impact of future climate change, in particular the risk of damage to life and property from flooding, especially through the location and design of new development; and 10. to promote good design in development so as to achieve high environmental standards and optimum social benefits. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 15 3. Spatial Strategy

3.1 A Sequential Approach to Policy 3 Development Form 3.1.1 Underpinning the RSS and at the heart of the Sustainability Criteria Strategy is the Sequential Approach to Development In order to assess the suitability of land for Form. Policies 2 and 3 therefore set out an development, in accordance with Policy 2 above, the overarching framework for the location of future nature of the development and its locational development in the region. requirements will need to be taken into account along with all of the following criteria: 3.1.2 Policy 2 refers to a sequential approach to selecting land for development in recognition of the need to • the availability and location of previously developed make the best use of land and optimise the land and vacant or under-used buildings; development of suitable previously used land and • the accessibility of development sites by non-car buildings in urban areas. Policy 3 refers to the modes and the potential to improve such accessibility sustainability criteria which should be used in to town centres, employment, shops and services; applying the approach and assessing site suitability. • the capacity of existing infrastructure, including the It will not always be possible to find suitable sites in highway network, public transport, utilities and social urban areas. Suitable sites elsewhere may therefore infrastructure (such as schools and hospitals) to need to be found which satisfy Policy 3 for some absorb further development; uses. Account should also be taken of the need for • development of an appropriate scale and character physical constraints on the development of land, to meet the local needs of rural communities. including, for example, the level of contamination, stability and flood risk; 3.1.3 It is also essential that regional and local • the impact that the development of sites will have on distinctiveness is taken into account in development the region's natural resources, environmental and plans. One way of achieving this will be to make use cultural assets and the health of local people; of the Quality of Life Capital Approach (2001) promoted by the Environment Agency, English • the likelihood that the site can be viably developed, Heritage, English Nature and the Countryside taking into account the availability of resources (both Agency. This offers a way of comparing possible public and private); and sites for development, taking into account natural, • the suitability of sites for mixed use development and social, cultural and economic assets. the contribution that development might make to strengthening local communities. Policy 2 3.2 Promoting Better Design Locational Priorities for Development In order to meet the objectives set out in Policy 1 and 3.2.1 The East Midlands will see a substantial amount of ensure the most sustainable mix of locations within, new development over the lifetime of this RSS, adjoining and outside of urban areas, a sequential particularly in areas identified for growth or approach to the selection of land for development regeneration. In the recent past there have been should be adopted in Development Plans and Local some outstanding examples of new development in Development Frameworks in accordance with the the region, such as the National Space Centre in following priority order: Leicester, the re-development and refurbishment of the former Lace Market area in Nottingham, and the a) suitable previously developed sites and buildings new Agricultural Centre in Bakewell, Derbyshire. within urban areas that are or will be well served by However, some new development has been of an public transport; unacceptably low standard. In the future, it is b) other suitable locations within urban areas not essential that all new developments in the East identified as land to be protected for amenity Midlands aspire to the highest standards of design, if purposes; the IRS’s vision of sustainable development is to be c) suitable sites in locations adjoining urban areas, which achieved. are or will be well served by public transport, particularly where this involves the use of previously developed land; and d) suitable sites in locations outside of (that is not adjoining) urban areas, which are or will be well served by public transport, particularly where this involves the use of previously developed land. 16 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Policy 4 3.3.2 The Government's Urban White Paper (2000) and emda's Urban Action Plan (2000) advocate a range Promoting Better Design of measures to promote urban renaissance. These Local Authorities, regional bodies, utility providers and include the re-use of suitably located derelict and developers should work together to ensure standards of other previously developed land, the balanced design and construction are constantly improved. This distribution of good quality housing, including should be achieved by promoting: affordable housing, and the provision of and improved access to, good quality employment • the use of design led approaches which take account opportunities, services and open space. Such of local natural and historic character, for example measures will help to make urban areas more landscape character assessments, urban design attractive, contribute to their regeneration and frameworks, town and village design statements, local concept statements, countryside design summaries, hence safeguard their future. Successful urban and masterplanning exercises; regeneration will also require complementary improvements to standards in schools, health care • design and construction that minimises energy use, facilities and community safety to reduce the fear of improves water efficiency, reduces waste and crime. This will need to be allied with an integrated pollution, incorporates renewable energy technologies approach to accessibility, particularly in larger and sustainably sourced materials wherever possible. centres, leading to a reduced dependence on private and considers building orientation at the start of the car use through the encouragement of public design process; transport, cycling and walking. • architectural design which is functional, yet which respects local natural and built character; 3.3.3 emda has carried out masterplanning exercises in a • increased densities for new housing in line with number of urban areas, including parts of Leicester, national guidance; Nottingham and Grantham. Further work is planned in other parts of the region under the Smaller Urban • access from new development to local facilities on Areas Programme. Urban Regeneration Companies foot, by cycle or by public transport; will assist in delivering regeneration in parts of the • highway and parking design that improves both safety region. and the quality of public space; • design which helps to reduce crime, supports community safety and vitality, and benefits the quality of life of local people; and Policy 5 • approaches to design, layout and construction which Concentrating Development in Urban Areas takes account of, and where appropriate provide for Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, increases in biodiversity. Local Transport Plans and economic development strategies should: 3.3 Regional Priorities for Urban Communities a) locate significant levels of new development in the region’s five Principal Urban Areas (PUAs) and take 3.3.1 Urban renaissance is the key to achieving a more into consideration the roles of settlements closely sustainable pattern of development. Most people related to the PUAs; the five PUAs are the built up already live in urban areas, which offer the greatest areas centred on Derby, Leicester, Lincoln, opportunity to ensure that homes, jobs and services Northampton and Nottingham; are related to one another and hence maximise accessibility. The concentration of development also b) locate significant levels of new development in the supports the efficient use of resources by: three growth towns of Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough; • reducing the need to travel longer distances from home to work, shops and services; c) locate appropriate development though of a lesser scale in the Sub-Regional Centres (SRCs) in the: • securing a more efficient use of existing and new • infrastructure and services; Eastern Sub-area: Boston, Grantham Melton Mowbray and Newark; • conserving the countryside and high grade • agricultural land; Northern Sub-area: Chesterfield, Mansfield and Worksop; • making use of previously developed land and • buildings to limit the need for undeveloped land to Southern Sub-area: Market Harborough and be brought forward for development; and Daventry; • • maximising opportunities for the socially excluded Three Cities Sub-area: Coalville, Hinckley and to benefit from development activity. Loughborough; REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 17

subsequently confirmed by the independent Panel d) in conjunction with the above: following a Public Examination held in March—April • provide for the development needs of other 2004. This means that in line with the principles of settlements and rural areas generally (see Policy 6); sustainable communities set out in the and Government’s Sustainable Communities Plan (ODPM, • take into consideration the influence of major urban February 2003), increased levels of new areas outside the region, particularly those fulfilling development will be planned in these towns, the role of PUAs for parts of the East Midlands, such providing new houses, new infrastructure, new as Peterborough, Sheffield and Greater Manchester. facilities and essential services, and new employment opportunities. Further detail on the Growth Area strategy is included in Section 6. Principal Urban Areas (PUAs) 3.3.4 The five PUAs have been identified as settlement 3.3.8 The proposed new growth and essential new conurbations that can develop into sustainable infrastructure in the three towns will be co-ordinated urban communities where people will wish to live through jointly prepared Local Development work and invest. They have the potential for: Documents which will also involve the adjoining • a variety and choice of high quality, healthy, district of East Northamptonshire. These will ensure affordable and sustainable living and working that the implementation of new development is environments; phased according to a plan agreed between the four districts. The three growth towns will, however, • a sufficient number and variety of jobs to meet retain their separate identities and measures should employment needs, along with associated be adopted to prevent coalescence between the education and training opportunities; towns. • modern urban transport networks and modal interchanges with an emphasis on public transport Sub-Regional Centres (SRCs) provision; 3.3.9 The SRCs have been identified for their ability to perform a complementary role to the PUAs. They • vibrant city, town and local centres to serve exhibit many of the characteristics of a PUA but on a communities with high quality services, to reduced scale. They have the capacity to support promote identity and social cohesion and to drive sustainable development objectives through: economic growth; and • • improved infrastructure capacity, including the use of design-led approaches such as healthcare, recreational and other facilities masterplanning and town centre renewal activity; including public open space. • additional development in accordance with the sequential approach to development form (Policies 3.3.5 Policy Areas will need to be delineated, particularly 2 and 3); around the PUAs, taking into account an analysis of • investigations such as urban capacity studies, providing opportunities for economic employment needs analysis and environmental diversification; assessments. This should be done by agreement by • providing a range of services to support the local authorities that cover the Policy Areas. In surrounding hinterlands; and addition in some cases joint Local Development • being the most accessible centre in an area with a Framework (LDF) Action Plans should be pursued in range of transport modes. order to ensure consistent policies and co-ordinated development proposals at the local level. These LDF 3.3.10 Development in Sub-Regional Centres should Action Plans will also need to take into account the support individual roles and functions. It should not provisions of any relevant Sub-Regional Strategies be of a form or scale that prejudices the urban that may be drawn up as part of the RSS. renaissance of the PUAs. 3.3.6 Accessibility will need to be enhanced to the PUAs 3.4 Regional Priorities for Rural Communities from both within and beyond the region, particularly 3.4.1 The needs of rural areas must also be addressed in through the provision of high quality public order to achieve a balanced urban and rural system transport services. National and international links within the East Midlands, in accordance with the by rail and air should also be strengthened. principles underpinning the ESDP. Although in the Growth Towns context of Europe the East Midlands is an urbanised 3.3.7 Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough were identified region, it contains a large rural component. These as growth towns in the Milton Keynes and South rural areas offer distinctive landscapes and a living Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy (MKSM SRS) and and working economy, as well as providing access to 18 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

the countryside and enhanced recreational Policy 6 opportunities for people living in urban areas. 3.4.2 The importance of rural areas has been recognised Regional Priorities for Development in Rural Areas both by the European Commission's approval of the Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, England Rural Development Programme (ERDP, Local Transport Plans and economic development October 2000) and by the Government’s Rural White strategies should ensure that new development Paper (November 2000) and Rural Strategy (2004). maintains the distinctive character and vitality of rural These underpin the implementation of the communities, strengthens rural enterprise and linkages Government's New Direction for Agriculture by between settlements and their hinterlands, helps to helping farmers and foresters to diversify their shorten journeys and facilitates access to jobs and activities and respond better to consumer services by: requirements, and becoming more competitive and • encouraging the provision of public transport and environmentally responsible. These objectives are opportunities for the use of other non-car modes of further developed by the Government’s Strategy for travel; Sustainable Farming and Food (2002), which • providing for housing and a range of services in market includes an East Midlands Regional Delivery Plan towns to serve a wider hinterland; (October 2003). • providing for employment development to strengthen 3.4.3 In order to promote sustainable development in rural the vitality and viability of market towns; areas, strategies to meet local housing needs, • identifying other settlements, or groups of settlements, diversify incomes, add value to rural produce, which are accessible to the rural population, as the improve skills and broaden the economy will need to preferred location outside of market towns, for local be implemented. At the same time the quality of the needs housing including affordable housing and the environment must be protected and enhanced. The provision and retention of most other services; Countryside Agency’s annual State of the • encouraging development opportunities related to the Countryside Report gives an overview of the rural economy, including farm based enterprises and condition of the Rural East Midlands, and can be the appropriately scaled growth of new and existing used to help monitor progress. rural businesses; and 3.4.4 Market towns play a key role in the region’s rural • securing improvements in transport and areas, serving as centres for shopping, employment communications infrastructure where it can be and service delivery. The future vitality of many demonstrated that poor linkages have led to rural areas will depend increasingly upon market disadvantage compared to the rest of the region. towns. It is therefore crucial that the economic and service base of these settlements is consolidated and where appropriate enhanced. The joint 3.5 Sub-area Priorities emda /Countryside Agency Market Towns initiative 3.5.1 The following section provides a sub-area policy can assist this process. framework for the rest of the RSS. The policies in 3.4.5 In rural areas outside market towns it will be this section do not cover every issue of relevance in essential to seek ways of sustaining village each sub-area. Rather, they provide a broad spatial communities and to reverse the decline in services framework which is developed, where appropriate, in available to the rural population. The Countryside the following topic based chapters. Agency’s Parish Plans initiative offers a useful mechanism by which this agenda can be taken Sub-area Boundaries forward at a local level. The problems faced by 3.5.2 The boundaries of the sub-areas are consistent with isolated and peripheral rural areas will be a those in RPG8 issued in 2002. However where Sub- particular focus of attention. Information and Regional Spatial Strategies (SRSs) are considered communications technology (ICT) is likely to have a appropriate it will also be necessary to re-examine valuable role in extending services and opportunities the validity of the sub-area boundaries, taking into to rural areas. account the need to assess development needs, to 3.4.6 Finally, emda's Rural Action Plan (2000), proposes a consider particular local circumstances, and to range of measures to ensure that rural areas create establish a consistent means of monitoring targets prosperity and share in the benefits of economic and outcomes. It should be noted that when growth. The Action Plan will be kept under review drawing up SRSs it will not always be necessary to with the assistance of the East Midlands Rural extend the area covered by the strategy over the Affairs Forum (EMRAF). whole sub-area. A full review of sub-area boundaries REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 19

will be done as part of the next review of this RSS, 3.5.7 Within the rural hinterlands there should continue to which will be undertaken under the principles be access to services, probably through more outlined in the Government’s Planning Policy innovative methods than have been seen in the past. Statement 11 (PPS 11). Economic activity should be safeguarded through village based employment. The implications of Eastern Sub-area Priorities reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will 3.5.3 This sub-area comprises the eastern third of the need to be managed in such a way that the region and contains a relatively traditional predominantly agricultural background and history settlement structure comprised of dispersed towns of many villages is retained. with predominantly rural hinterlands. The only Principal Urban Area in the sub-area is Lincoln, 3.5.8 The north-western edge of the sub-area has which acts as a focus for employment and services. important strategic linkages to the adjoining Grimsby to the north, Nottingham and Leicester to Northern Sub-area. In particular, parts of eastern the west and Peterborough to the south fulfil this Bassetlaw and Newark and Sherwood districts have role for other parts of the sub-area. Lincoln has been significantly affected by colliery closures and significant potential to strengthen its position in the the contraction in mining related industries, region as a cultural and commercial centre and this including coal fired power stations. The hinterlands should be encouraged. The recent establishment in of Newark and Retford also extend into the Northern the city of the University of Lincoln has started this Sub-area and it is important that these linkages be process, and will also benefit the sub-area as a recognised in the development of any regeneration strategies for the sub-area. The north of the sub- whole. As a result, it is proposed to develop a sub- area also has strong links with the Yorkshire & the regional spatial strategy for the Lincoln Policy Area Humber Region and the future influence of the new as part of the next RSS review. airport near Doncaster should be explored. 3.5.4 Boston, Grantham, Melton Mowbray and Newark 3.5.9 The sub-area contains the region's only coastal have sub-regional roles which can complement the margin most of which is recognised as of larger centres above, although each requires international importance for nature conservation. It consolidation or strengthening. Gainsborough, includes Donna Nook, Gibraltar Point and Saltfleetby Mablethorpe and Skegness have some sub-regional National Nature Reserves, which also make a major functions, and in the case of Gainsborough, contribution to local tourism. The Wash is a significant amounts of brownfield land. However European Marine site as well as the feeder for five these settlements also contain concentrated areas ports, three of which are in the sub-area. Useful of deprivation, which should continue to be connections with mainland Europe could be provided addressed by regeneration initiatives as a priority. through the development of a network of short sea 3.5.5 The medium sized market towns such as Retford, shipping routes. North of The Wash are a number of Oakham, Louth and Spalding are in many respects traditional seaside resorts, including Skegness, the backbone of the sub-area's traditional which remains one of the UK's premier seaside settlement structure, serving the needs of their own towns. Holiday centres along the coast such as communities and their often large rural hinterlands. Skegness and Mablethorpe also provide Each has characteristics unique to them, but employment, although much of it is seasonal. together they have similar needs and opportunities. Elsewhere, Rutland Water is a Ramsar site and There needs to be a determined effort to consolidate Special Protection Area, as well as being an these towns as the sub-area's secondary important recreational and landscape asset. employment and service centres. 3.5.10 Large parts of the sub-area are within the indicative 3.5.6 The smaller market towns such as Market Rasen, flood plain as defined by the Environment Agency, Uppingham and Spilsby were traditionally the focus mainly in relation to fluvial flooding. PPG 25 and for local trade and services, but now largely cater PPG 3 give general guidance on how flood risk for day to day needs although this can still include a issues should influence the location of new large rural hinterland. These towns have suffered development. Further guidance from a regional most from the concentration of functions into larger perspective is offered under section 4.3: Regional Priorities for Natural and Cultural Resources centres. They have consequently lost much of their . vitality and viability. The survival and future prosperity of these small towns is essential for the continued vitality of the sub-area. 20 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Policy 7 3.5.11 The west and south of the Sub-area is in the A1/East Coast Main Line Corridor and consequently has good Development in the Eastern Sub-Area north/south strategic transport links that offer a) In the Eastern Sub-area Development Plans, Local competitive economic advantages. Indeed some Development Frameworks, Local Transport Plans and areas experience significant development pressure economic development strategies should include due to an attractive environment and accessibility as policies to achieve the: a commuting base for surrounding areas. However, • significant strengthening of the regional role of the potential of much of the Sub-area, particularly Lincoln as one of the region’s five Principal Urban that which lies to the east of the A15, is restricted by Areas; its peripherality and relative inaccessibility. While • consolidation and where appropriate strengthening this may be a desirable characteristic of the local of the Sub-Regional Centres of Boston, Grantham, environment the transport needs of local Melton Mowbray and Newark; communities and businesses should be addressed if • regeneration of the towns of Gainsborough, this part of the Sub-area is not to slowly decline. Mablethorpe and Skegness This is likely to involve a predominantly road-based • maintenance and enhancement of the roles of small approach to infrastructure improvement, although and medium sized market towns as locally significant the role of telecommunications improvement service and employment centres through the throughout the Sub-area will also be given priority. protection of existing retail and community facilities, and support for sustainably located new housing and local employment generating development; Policy 8 • the strengthening of the role of the food production Overcoming Peripherality in the Eastern Sub-area and distribution industry by the creation of cluster- related developments; Peripherality and lack of accessibility in the central and • continued promotion of tourism in historic eastern part of the sub-area should be addressed settlements, including Lincoln and Stamford, and the through: consolidation and diversification of the holiday • a programme of infrastructure improvements that industry at existing coastal settlements, particularly concentrates on public transport and road Skegness and Mablethorpe; improvements in existing key transport corridors; • the promotion of sustainable patterns of • improved connections both between the region and its development in those parts of the sub-area ports and between its ports and mainland Europe; and bordering major urban areas in other regions , in improvements to its telecommunications networks; and particular Peterborough; • multi-modal accessibility improvements both within • the protection of the landscape and natural beauty and beyond the sub-area. of the Lincolnshire Wolds AONB; and • the protection and enhancement of the natural and historic environment of the coastal margin including Northern Sub-area Priorities the Wash, and Rutland Water. 3.5.12 The Northern Sub-area has been subject to major Lincoln Policy Area industrial structural change as a result of the decline b) To develop fully the strengthening of the regional role of the coal industry. This has led to the loss of some of the Lincoln Policy Area the Regional Planning Body, 55,000 jobs since 1981, and a legacy of working with adjacent local authorities, emda and environmental degradation. As a result, it is crucial other interested bodies, should develop a Sub-Regional that the sub-area develops a viable new economic Spatial Strategy as part of the next RSS Review; the base that will support healthy and vibrant Strategy should contain long term policies and communities, and that regeneration activity is proposals that will promote: underpinned by the sensitive management of • a sustainable pattern of development and movement important natural and cultural assets. in the City of Lincoln and in surrounding settlements; 3.5.13 The sub-area is characterised by a number of large • the development of Lincoln’s role as a cultural and and medium sized towns which function as centres commercial centre; for smaller previously mining-dependent • an improvement to the economic performance of the communities. It has a wide range of natural and City; cultural assets, many of which reflect its rural • a reduction in deprivation; and character as well as its economic and industrial • the protection and enhancement of the outstanding heritage. Examples include the Sherwood Forest historic and architectural character of Lincoln and its area, Creswell Crags, the Derwent Valley Mills World setting in the landscape. Heritage Site, the historic settings of Bolsover Castle REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 21

and Hardwick Hall, and the Dukeries Estates of Government support gives a comprehensive picture North Nottinghamshire. There is also a wide range of of the key environmental constraints and distinctive landscapes and important habitats. opportunities in the sub-area. It should be considered by all those agencies developing 3.5.14 Mansfield, Chesterfield and Worksop act as Sub- strategies that will influence the development of the Regional Centres. Medium sized towns include Shirebrook, Bolsover, Sutton-in-Ashfield and sub-area. The study also highlights a number of Alfreton; smaller towns include Kirkby-in-Ashfield. areas where environmental enhancement will also All these settlements were dependent on mining and contribute to social and economic regeneration. Key other traditional industries. The sub-area also has a opportunities include: strong relationship with South Yorkshire to the • strategic improvements to the quality of the rural north and Nottingham to the south. The Sub- environment through the reclamation and re-use Regional Centres and medium sized towns continue of derelict colliery sites and other degraded land; to be the focus for shopping and service provision. • environmental enhancements to key settlements Following the decline of coal, these settlements and their settings, to strengthen civic pride, and should also become the focus of economic activity, attract inward investors and visitors; otherwise their roles and functions may decline • the diversification of land based industries in further with resulting social consequences. However order to revitalise the rural economy, and; these settlements are well placed to offer good • developing the potential for heritage based opportunities for development associated with the tourism, countryside recreation and leisure new Airport near Doncaster. While the greatest and activities. most sustainable opportunities for regeneration will frequently be in or on the edges of the Sub-Regional 3.5.17 The conclusions of the Coalfields Task Force (June Centres and medium sized towns the decline of 1998) and the Government's response also remain mining has also affected many smaller rural important to the Sub-area. Resulting measures settlements in close geographical proximity to each include the provision of inward investment sites and other. Regeneration initiatives must therefore premises for small businesses, reclamation and address the needs of both urban and rural redevelopment of former colliery sites and the communities. improvement of transport infrastructure. A new 3.5.15 Many brownfield sites in the sub-area are associated road, the Mansfield—Ashfield Regeneration Route, is with former collieries in rural locations. Some of now completed. Local road access to the Markham these sites are connected to the rail network and are Employment Growth Zone has also been completed close to former pit villages. Others are more remote and there are plans to develop rail freight access. and less accessible, and as a result environmental 3.5.18 Although a lot has been achieved to address the enhancement may be more appropriate than social economic and environmental legacies of the redevelopment. There could be greenfield sites more coal industry over the last few years, much remains closely related to the Sub-Regional Centres and to be done. A longer term strategy is required which other medium sized towns such as Ollerton, can set a clear vision for the future for the sub-area, Shirebrook, and Bolsover, which provide greater and help to manage the necessary change. As a opportunities for sustainable development. However, result, it is proposed to develop a Sub-Regional greenfield sites promoted in this way will require Spatial Strategy for the sub-area as part of the next robust justification in accordance with Policies 2 and RSS review. 3. Consideration will also need to be given to providing jobs and services in smaller settlements and rural centres to serve groups of rural Policy 9 settlements. Real increases in investment in public transport infrastructure to improve access to jobs Regeneration of the Northern Sub-Area for local people will be particularly important in this The economic, social and environmental regeneration of context. the Northern Sub-area will be a priority. 3.5.16 In view of the degradation of the sub-area a) Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, environment due to its past industrial activity and Local Transport Plans and economic development largely rural character, development proposals need strategies should: to be informed by an analysis of key environmental • significantly strengthen the Sub-Regional Centres of constraints and opportunities. The Coalfields Mansfield, Chesterfield and Worksop by providing new Environmental Study (2003) jointly commissioned by jobs, services and facilities in and around their urban the EMRLGA and a range of local agencies with areas; 22 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Heritage Site’s outstanding universal value and • provide jobs and services in and around other unique cultural assets should be afforded appropriate settlements that are accessible to a wider area or levels of protection. service particular concentrations of need; • promote environmental enhancement as a fundamental part of the regeneration of the sub-area; Policy 10 and • protect and enhance the natural and cultural assets of Spatial Priorities for Development in the the sub-area. Peak Sub-Area Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, Sub-Regional Stratgey Local Transport Plans and economic development b) The Regional Planning Body, working with the strategies in and around the sub-area should help to relevant local authorities, emda and other interested secure the conservation and enhancement of the Peak bodies, should develop a Sub-Regional Spatial District National Park, respecting the statutory purposes Strategy for the Northern Sub-area as part of the of its designation. next RSS Review. Policies should also address the social and economic needs of the Park's communities, for example, by the Peak Sub-area Priorities provision of appropriate business premises and 3.5.19 This sub-area comprises the Peak District National affordable housing. Park and adjacent areas outside the Park boundary. It Wherever practicable, routes for long distance traffic is generally rural in nature, with medium sized towns should be developed to avoid the National Park. However of Matlock, Glossop and Buxton and with Bakewell, access to the National Park and across it by public Ashbourne, New Mills, Chapel-en-le-Frith, Whaley transport and other non-car modes should be improved. Bridge and Wirksworth as small towns. The area is located in close proximity to a number of major urban areas including, Greater Manchester, Sheffield, 3.5.21 The towns in the Peak sub-area outside the National Stoke, Derby and Nottingham. Consequently, the Park have close functional relationships with large Peak Park is the most visited National Park in the UK urban areas within and outside the region—Buxton, and this places considerable pressure on the area's Glossop, New Mills, Whaley Bridge and Chapel-en-le- environment and infrastructure. Frith with Greater Manchester; Matlock with 3.5.20 The Peak District National Park is a unique asset, not Chesterfield and South Yorkshire; and Ashbourne only for the people who live and work there, but also with Derby. Given these relationships and the effects for the East Midlands, surrounding regions and the of the restraint policy in the National Park, these nation as a whole. National Park designation confers towns are likely to be subject to particularly strong the highest status of protection as far as landscapes development pressure. The assumptions and scenic beauty are concerned. The purposes of underpinning housing policy for the National Park are National Parks are to conserve and enhance their set out in Appendix 3. However, the restrictions on natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage and to housing do not imply that compensatory general promote opportunities for public understanding and market housing should be met elsewhere in the sub- enjoyment of their special qualities. Major area. This would be inconsistent with the objectives developments should not take place in the Peak of urban regeneration of the surrounding District National Park save in exceptional conurbations. circumstances and where it is demonstrated to be in the public interest and that it is not possible to meet that need in another way. This entails a rigorous Policy 11 examination of the requirement for the development in terms of national considerations, the scope for Spatial Priorities for Development outside the Peak developing elsewhere and any detrimental effect on District National Park the environment and landscape. Planning policies will Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, continue to be applied to protect the National Park Local Transport Plans and economic development whilst addressing the social and economic needs of strategies covering the Peak towns outside the National the Park's communities and supporting the Park should aim to meet needs whilst reducing past regeneration of the surrounding urban areas. The levels of in-migration, discouraging additional Park also includes part of the internationally commuting to, and supporting the regeneration of, the designated Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. nearby conurbations. The emphasis will be on: While this brings a range of economic, environmental • retaining and generating local employment. In and social opportunities to the sub-area the World REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 23

3.5.25 As the biggest settlement within the Southern Sub- particular, policies should make provision for the area Northampton exerts considerable economic growth of indigenous firms and attracting inward and social influence over much of the south west investment to support their own population and the part of the region. It has generated considerable population of the surrounding rural hinterland; economic growth in recent years and has attracted • restraining new housing development except where many in-migrants. As a Principal Urban Area the local need for modest growth is identified. identified for major new growth as part of the Milton Care must be taken to ensure that all new development Keynes and South Midlands (MKSM) growth area respects the high quality environment of the area, Northampton will continue to grow and will provide notably the built heritage, particularly in Buxton, for an increased level of new housing and related Ashbourne and Wirksworth, the setting of the National development. However the tightness of the town’s Park and the areas of high landscape and nature boundaries requires that a strategic and co- conservation value. ordinated approach needs to be taken to the planning and delivery of this longer term growth. To this end an Urban Development Corporation has 3.5.22 Rural deprivation is also a problem in the area due been established for an area which also includes to declining employment in local hill farming and parts of adjacent local planning authorities. The quarrying. This highlights the need for growth proposals will take account of the diversification and regeneration in order to sustain recommendations of the studies arising from the the local needs of communities, for example through Easter 1998 floods, the capacity of the urban area to sustainable tourism. accommodate new development and the provision of new high quality public transport infrastructure. Policy 12 3.5.26 Corby has experienced major economic growth and job creation during the recent past. However, this Managing Tourism and Visitors in the Peak Sub-Area trend has not been reflected in its population base Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks and which has remained relatively static. Unemployment the policies of local authorities, economic development, levels within the town have remained higher than countryside and tourism agencies should seek to the sub-area average and the housing market has manage tourism and visitor pressures in accordance generally under-performed. There are a number of with the principles of sustainable development, environmental, economic and social problems that respecting National Park purposes and priorities. need to be tackled for the town to achieve balanced Development plans and economic development and sustainable growth, but there is scope for strategies covering areas adjacent to the National Park widespread regeneration in Corby, including the should consider whether there is potential for further redevelopment of the town centre. tourism development that could ease pressures on the 3.5.27 Corby, together with the neighbouring towns of Park itself. Kettering and Wellingborough, have been identified as part of the MKSM growth area as locations with the potential for increased levels of new growth. Southern Sub-area Priorities These towns interact in various ways and there are 3.5.23 The Southern Sub-area includes the Principal Urban also important relationships with the adjacent East Area of Northampton, the growth towns of Corby, Northamptonshire District. In order to co-ordinate Kettering and Wellingborough and the Sub-Regional the planning of the new development a Local Centres of Daventry and Market Harborough. It also Delivery Vehicle, involving all these local planning contains a range of smaller towns such as Rushden, authorities, has been established and joint Local Desborough and Rothwell, as well as many smaller Development Documents should also be drawn up. settlements. 3.5.28 The importance of the northwest of the sub-area to 3.5.24 Parts of the sub-area have experienced rapid growth the north of Daventry, as a strategic location and since the 1960's and these have played an important transport node of European, national and regional role in accommodating the economic and social significance, is recognised. Two of fourteen pressures from London, the South East and the West identified trans-European transport network priority Midlands. This reflects both market trends and routes pass through the area: the West Coast Main national policies on population, migration and Line, and the Ireland/Benelux road route which employment relocation. As a result, Corby and includes the A14. In recognition of the unique Northampton were designated New Towns and opportunities provided by this locality, and the Daventry and Wellingborough as Expanded Towns. existence of dedicated distribution parks in the area, 24 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

it is important that any future storage and Regional Strategy. This Strategy, which also covers distribution development is primarily rail rather than parts of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, was road based. subject to public consultation and examined before an independent panel in March—April 2004. The 3.5.29 The Sub-area’s important environmental and cultural Panel endorsed the growth proposals for the sub- assets need to be protected and enhanced and new region and recommended increased levels of development will need to be sensitively located and development. Parts A and B of the Sub-Regional designed to achieve this. For example new Strategy (applying to Northamptonshire) are development should respect the character of included in Section 6 and these carry full statutory distinctive areas of countryside such as Rockingham status. Forest. Areas like the Nene Valley can also provide opportunities for sport and informal recreation and Three Cities Sub-area Priorities contribute to the network of green infrastructure that 3.5.31 The Three Cities Sub-area contains the three largest will be necessary to secure sustainable communities. cities of the region — the Principal Urban Areas of Derby, Leicester and Nottingham. They are the major commercial, industrial, administrative and Policy 13 cultural centres of the region. They contain many of the region's key companies, its largest shopping Spatial Priorities for Development in the Southern destinations, the main centres of higher education Sub-Area and healthcare, and other public services. Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, 3.5.32 There are a number of large and medium sized Local Transport Plans and economic development settlements in the sub-area. Some, like the Sub- strategies should ensure that new development is Regional Centres of Loughborough, Coalville and concentrated in, or in planned extensions to, existing Hinckley are relatively free standing. Others such as urban areas. In particular: Eastwood/Kimberley, Hucknall and Long Eaton are • Northampton's role and function as one of the region’s strongly related to Nottingham and/or Derby. The five Principal Urban Areas should be strengthened by development needs and opportunities of these new public transport infrastructure and facilities; settlements should be considered in the light of • as part of the expansion proposals the regeneration of their relationship to the Principal Urban Areas. Corby should be pursued. It will be assisted by the Birmingham and Coventry influence the south west provision in development plans of a level of housing of the sub-area. There are close local functional development that would will significantly reduce the relationships between Ashby, Swadlincote and need for in-commuting. New transport infrastructure Burton, and between Hinckley and Nuneaton. and improved connections to the national rail passenger network will also support regeneration. Development 3.5.33 The Nottingham—Derby Green Belt, extending to should be located and designed to respect the character over 60,000 hectares, is the main area of Green Belt of the surrounding countryside, taking particular lying entirely within the region. This is drawn tightly account of the distinctive qualities of the landscape, around the urban area of Nottingham and has a vital woodland, and settlement pattern of Rockingham role in preventing the coalescence of the Forest; Nottingham and Derby and the towns in the Erewash Valley. The sub-area also includes the area around • the role of the small towns in the sub-area should be maintained through the retention of basic services and Leicester where a long established green wedge facilities, environmental improvements and the policy has successfully controlled urban sprawl safeguarding of their rural hinterlands from around the city. encroachment by larger centres; 3.5.34 The reviews of structure plans in both • the quality of villages, particularly in north Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire included Northamptonshire, should not be degraded by consideration of the Nottingham—Derby Green Belt inappropriate growth; and in relation to development requirements for the • in those parts of the sub-area influenced by major period 1991-2011. The reviews indicated the need for urban areas in adjoining regions provision for some changes to the Green Belt in Nottinghamshire, development should respect sustainable development but none in Derbyshire and changes in principles. Nottinghamshire have been pursued through local plans in the area. There has also been consideration of a small area of Green Belt in the north-west of 3.5.30 The new growth areas originally proposed in the Leicestershire, between areas of Green Belt in Government’s Sustainable Communities Plan Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. However issues (February 2003) have subsequently been considered such as these should form part of a strategic review through the Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub- of the Nottingham—Derby Green Belt. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 25

3.5.35 This strategic Green Belt review will need to be 3.5.38 As well as bringing about the physical regeneration undertaken in relation to development requirements of the three cities, it is important that measures are up to 2026. Unlike recent reviews which have focussed on the needs of communities, particularly concentrated on minor boundary amendments the at improving educational and training achievement review should consider the general scope of the levels. This will enable local people in more deprived Green Belt in the light of national policy and the areas to be better able to share the benefits of sequential approach to development set out in economic growth. Policies 2 and 3 and undertaken in a co-ordinated 3.5.39 The Sub-area contains the region’s only international manner within a common framework, covering airport, Nottingham East Midlands Airport (NEMA), appropriate areas in Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire which is situated near Castle Donington. NEMA is a and Leicestershire. The review should take account key national and regional asset, and is important of the conclusions of The Sustainability Assessment both as a passenger and freight hub facility. In the of the Nottingham—Derby Green Belt (1999), past there has been pressure for development in the undertaken by Baker Associates for the EMRLGA. vicinity of the Airport. However, urbanisation of the area around NEMA would not lead to a sustainable pattern of development, and would in the long term Policy 14 undermine its operational viability. Instead related development should be focussed where possible in The Nottingham-Derby Green Belt surrounding urban areas, in particular the three The principle of the Nottingham Derby Green Belt is well Principal Urban Areas and the Sub-Regional Centre established and should be maintained. of Loughborough. A strategic review of the Nottingham-Derby Green Belt will be undertaken in relation to development requirements arising in this part of the Three Cities Sub- Policy 15 Area up to 2026. The review will take into account: Development in the Three Cities Sub-Area • the sequential approach to development outlined in Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, Policies 2 and 3; Local Transport Plans and economic development • the wider principles and purpose of existing Green Belt strategies should support the continued regeneration of designations as set out in PPG2; and Derby, Leicester and Nottingham, and maintain and • the case for adding land to or removing land from the strengthen the economic, commercial and cultural roles Green Belt. of all three cities. This will be achieved by ensuring that provision is made: • for a mix of housing types; 3.5.36 Derby, Leicester and Nottingham all have relatively • for employment land to meet the expansion needs of high concentrations of economic, social and physical indigenous manufacturing and distribution uses and to deprivation within their inner areas and in some outer encourage new investment; housing estates. Addressing this deprivation is a key • to regenerate deprived inner urban areas and outer regeneration priority for the region which is being estates; pursued in collaboration with emda and urban • to enhance the transport links and accessibility both regeneration companies such as those in Leicester within and between the cities; and and Nottingham. Such regeneration activity must be • for retailing, office, residential, entertainment and broadly based and contribute to social, economic and service uses within central areas, to provide for a mix environmental objectives. It should also improve the of uses to support the vitality and viability of the city accessibility of new opportunities to those most in centres. need. Outside Nottingham, Leicester and Derby, employment and housing development should be located within and 3.5.37 The integration of transport and land-use adjoining settlements. Such development should be in development is particularly important within the scale with the size of those settlements, in locations that major built-up areas in the sub-area. Policies 2 and respect environmental constraints and the surrounding 3 should be used to ensure that the location of countryside, and where there are good public transport development is in sustainable locations, promotes linkages. where possible the use of previously developed land, Development associated with Nottingham East Midlands and contributes to regeneration initiatives. Derby, Airport should be focussed where possible, in Leicester and Nottingham also have the potential to surrounding urban areas, in particular the Principal support sustainable transport facilities within the Urban Areas of Derby, Leicester and Nottingham and the built up area, as well as inter-city linkages to reduce Sub-Regional Centre of Loughborough. commuter journeys by car. 26 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

3.5.40 The opportunity exists to build upon the existing inter-relationships between Derby, Leicester and Nottingham, and to further develop complementary roles and services that will promote a more sustainable pattern of development. This approach is consistent with the principles underpinning the ESDP, and with the Regional Economic Strategy produced by emda. 3.5.41 The Regional Planning Body, relevant local authorities and emda are working together with Government support to scope the areas and issues where further joint working would be of collective benefit to the three cities. This work should form the basis of a full Sub-Regional Strategy for the Three Cities sub-area, which should comprise part of the next review of RSS8.

Policy 16

A Sub-Regional Spatial Strategy for the Three Cities Sub-area The Regional Planning Body, working with the relevant local authorities, emda and other interested bodies should develop a Sub Regional Spatial Strategy for the Three Cities Sub-area as part of the next RSS Review. The Strategy should contain long term policies and proposals that will promote: • sustainable patterns of development and movement within and between the three Principal Urban Areas and other settlements within the Sub-area and beyond; • the use of public transport for both local and inter- urban movements; • an improvement to the quality of the environment, including the provision of semi-natural green space in urban areas; • an improvement to the collective economic performance of the sub-area and a reduction in deprivation; • an approach to optimising the economic benefits of Nottingham East Midlands Airport consistent with sustainable patterns of development and movement; and • a consideration of the extent of Green Belt designations consistent with PPG2 and Policies 2 and 3 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 27 4. Topic Based Priorities

4.1 Regional Priorities for Housing review, having been comprehensively tested at the Public Examination in June 2000. The next review of National and Regional Policy Context RSS8 will, however, include housing provision figures 4.1.1 Housing policy is a key component of the RSS. The down to district and unitary level. These will take Government’s specific objectives for housing are set into consideration the official Household Projections out in PPG3 and include the aims of providing based on the 2001 Census which will be published in sufficient housing, creating mixed communities and 2005. Once these new projections are available, the meeting local housing needs. Emphasis is placed on housing provision figures will be reconsidered, a ‘plan, monitor and manage approach’ to housing taking into account information from the annual provision. monitoring process. 4.1.2 In line with the Regional Assembly’s Integrated 4.1.5 Apart from Northamptonshire the overall level of Regional Strategy and PPG3, RSS8 seeks to ensure provision for housing is set out in the form of annual that good quality housing is available to all within average rates for each structure plan area. These the East Midlands, and that the distribution of rates will provide benchmarks for the monitoring housing provision across the region supports the and review process, enabling adjustments to be RSS Objectives in Policy 1. Particularly important in made as required by the plan, monitor and manage this respect will be: approach. The annual rates of provision should apply • ensuring that sufficient additional housing is to all development plans until such time as the provided to meet requirements, taking into figures are amended as part of a future review of account anticipated growth based on past trends the RSS. At the regional level the annual average and future prospects in the region; housing provision is anticipated to be around 15,925. This should be regarded as the benchmark against • ensuring that sufficient housing is provided which which actual provision is monitored. The figure is is affordable according to local circumstances; based on the Government's 1996 household • creating sustainable neighbourhoods by using projections up to 2021 and reflects a number of water, energy and other resources in an effective factors. A more detailed explanation of the housing and efficient manner; provision figures, and the assumptions used, is set • encouraging the use of higher densities to make out in Appendix 4. more efficient use of land; 4.1.6 Revised housing provision figures for • providing well designed and landscaped Northamptonshire have been considered through neighbourhoods that have a clear identity and are the Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Regional diverse, attractive and successful places to live Strategy and are included in Policy 17. These figures and work and contribute to the regeneration of are averages at the county level for the 20 year local communities; period up to 2021 based on Northamptonshire Policy • encouraging provision on previously developed 1 included in Part B of the Milton Keynes and South land and facilitating access by non-car modes in Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy (see Section 6). line with the sequential approach and sustainability criteria in Policies 2 and 3; • reducing crime, noise and pollution thereby Policy 17 increasing community safety, improving health and creating an atmosphere of well being: and Regional Housing Provision • undertaking continuous monitoring of planned Housing provision for each structure plan area for the housing requirements against the rate of supply period 2001–2021 should be made at the following and factors influencing changes in need. annual average rates: Derby and Derbyshire 2,550 4.1.3 At the regional level future policies on housing are likely to be influenced by the Regional Housing Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland 3,150 Strategy which sets out strategic regional priorities Lincolnshire 2,750 and linkages between RSS policies and the Regional Northamptonshire* 4,975 Economic Strategy. Policies should also take Nottingham and Nottinghamshire 2,450 account of any issues arising from the Sustainability Appraisal related to the next full review and which Peak District National Park 50 will incorporate the provisions of the EU SEA (a nominal figure of local significance only) Directive. East Midlands Region 15,925 Regional Housing Provision All figures are rounded to the nearest 50. *Annual average figures for Northamptonshire are consistent with the 4.1.4 Apart from Northamptonshire the housing provision detailed figures contained in the Milton Keynes and South Midlands figures have not been amended as part of this Sub-Regional Strategy (Part B in Section 6). 28 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Providing housing for all the Community housing to be built in rural settlements in order to 4.1.7 PPG3 and Circular 6/98 Planning and Affordable meet local needs. The Rural White Paper and PPG3 Housing emphasise that an adequate supply of state that exceptions policies can provide a affordable housing is important for the performance significant number of affordable homes in rural of the regional economy and to promote social areas. There are also opportunities to meet local inclusion. The land-use planning system plays a role need through mixed use developments. in increasing the supply of affordable housing, creating a greater choice of housing types and balanced communities. The Government’s Policy 18 Sustainable Communities Plan (2003) and other Regional Priorities for Affordable Housing policy statements have reaffirmed this approach through additional funding and greater partnership Development plans, Local Development Frameworks, with employer and public and private sector housing strategies and investment plans should have landlords. regard to the priorities identified in the Regional Housing Strategy, and include policies seeking the 4.1.8 The indicator set out in Policy 18 is a guide to the provision of a mix of dwellings in terms of size, type, level of affordable housing required at the regional affordability and location, in order to help create level. This will be re-assessed when the overall inclusive communities which provide wider housing housing provision figures are reviewed. The Regional opportunity and choice. Housing Strategy has also highlighted a number of key sub-area issues: The level of affordable housing to be provided should be justified by local housing need assessments, preferably Eastern Sub-area: Pockets of rural deprivation exist based on housing market or journey to work areas, as across the whole Sub-area, resulting in a poor well as an assessment of the viability of seeking a quality housing stock and localised shortages of particular proportion of affordable housing from such affordable housing. developments. The appropriate indicator for monitoring Northern Sub-area: A low demand area as a result whether affordable housing need across the East of the closure of traditional industries. Land and Midlands as a whole is being met is around 3,950 property values have fallen and there is considerable dwellings per annum. scope for redevelopment. Peak Sub-area: Pressure from tourism and the demand for second, retirement and commuter Urban Capacity and Phasing homes have increased house prices. Securing 4.1.10 The management of the housing supply is a matter affordable housing which remains available to local for development plans. In order to assess the scope people is a priority. for maximising urban capacity in line with Policies 2 Southern Sub-area: In recent years this has been a and 3, local planning authorities, working with high demand area due mainly to pressure from the partners, should carry out urban capacity studies. South East. In the next few years major areas of PPG3 makes it clear that it is important to ensure new housing are planned in selected locations in there is a regionally consistent approach to Northampton, Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough developing these studies. Local authorities should and to a lesser extent in Daventry and other smaller therefore consider the guidance note published by towns. However there are also pockets of both rural EMRLGA in February 2002, which will assist in this and urban deprivation and Corby remains a key respect. regeneration priority. 4.1.11 In addition to using land for new housing and Three Cities Sub-area: Pockets of deprivation exist buildings for conversion, better use of the existing in inner areas and outer estates. Securing a better dwelling stock can contribute to meeting housing mix of housing to address mismatches between requirements. Local authorities are encouraged to supply and demand is a priority. address the underuse of housing stock in a co- ordinated and rigorous manner, for example, by 4.1.9 Within this regional and sub-area context, the identifying vacant and underused properties in urban requirement for affordable housing should be capacity studies and putting in place empty property addressed at the local level in the light of local strategies to help bring them back into use. housing needs surveys. Policy measures that reduce the relative long term cost of affordable housing 4.1.12 Advice on the application of phasing as a means of should be supported over the longer term. Where managing the release of housing sites for general market housing would be inappropriate, development is available in the Good Practice Guide, rural exceptions policies allow small-scale affordable Planning to Deliver published by DTLR in July 2001. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 29

Local authorities should include detailed policies for 4.1.15 Results from the National Land Use Database the release of housing sites in the development plan indicate that, in 2003, some 67,600 dwellings could and local development frameworks including the potentially be provided from vacant land and means of delivery of land. Sub-regional housing or buildings or land that may be suitable for housing. labour market areas are often the most appropriate This represents 21% of the total provision required. for the application of phasing mechanisms. The area- It is recognised that there will continue to be wide based approach contained in the EMRLGA’s guidance variations of brownfield land available at a local note on Urban Capacity Studies is suggested as a key level, but that there is almost always scope for means of implementing such work. improvement from past performance. 4.1.13 Where housing market areas cross administrative boundaries or where there may be concentrations of Policy 20 previously developed land in one authority and a lack of it in neighbouring authorities, co-operation and A Regional Target for Re-using Previously Developed joint working will be necessary. This should ensure Land and Buildings for Housing that the release of sites is managed to achieve a Local Authorities, economic development strategies, sustainable pattern of development. A number of the developers and other agencies should employ policies urban areas within the region are likely to require this and select sites in order to contribute to the approach. Elsewhere in the region, the urban capacity achievement of a target of 60% of additional dwellings of areas outside the region, such as Peterborough, on previously developed land and through conversions Milton Keynes, South Yorkshire, and Greater by 2021 at the regional level. Manchester will also need to be considered. Development Plans should put in place policies to achieve appropriate targets for higher levels of re-use of Policy 19 previously developed land than in the past.

Regional Priorities for Managing the Release of Land for Housing 4.2 Regional Priorities for the Economy and for Local Authorities, developers and other agencies should Regeneration work jointly across administrative boundaries to ensure National and Regional Policy Context that the release of sites is managed to achieve a 4.2.1 The Government set out four aims for Sustainable sustainable pattern of development. Priority areas for Development in its 1999 strategy (which is currently action should include the built-up areas of: subject to review) including the aim to maintain high • Derby; and stable levels of economic growth and • Leicester; employment. In order to promote sustainable • Lincoln; economic growth and regeneration in the regions, and to contribute to sustainable development, the • Northampton; Government passed legislation to set up Regional • Nottingham (including parts of eastern Derbyshire); Development Agencies in 1998 and the East • Chesterfield; Midlands Development Agency (emda) produced the • Mansfield; and region’s first Economic Strategy, Prosperity through People in 1999. As part of the review of this strategy, • across regional boundaries in the areas highlighted emda published The State of the Regional Economy under Section 3.5. in April 2002 which presents an overview of the region’s economic performance and outlines key issues for the future. A Regional Target for re-using Land and Buildings for Housing 4.2.2 Although the East Midlands is performing relatively well compared to other UK regions, the report 4.1.14 PPS11 advises that RSSs should include targets for highlights a number of structural weaknesses which the proportion of new dwellings to be built on need to be overcome if the region is to prosper in previously developed land or through conversions. the longer term. In particular: Recent achievement in the East Midlands has been • better than in previous years but is still consistently the East Midlands is still too dependant on a low below the national target of 60% and there are wide productivity, low wage, low skill economy; variations across the region. This may reflect the • there is a lack of knowledge intensive industries character of the region, which is substantially rural, that can increase the demand for skills and raise with no major metropolitan area. competitiveness; 30 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

• the potential of local universities and colleges is that can assist implementation of regeneration not being fully exploited; initiatives in the East Midlands. In addition, • lack of accessibility due to poor infrastructure and regeneration priorities should be compatible with public transport is inhibiting the labour market RES objectives and the Spatial Strategy outlined in and the movement of goods; and Section 3. • the region’s urban areas are failing to fulfil their full potential as motors of economic growth and Policy 21 centres for innovation, skills and investment. Regional Priority Areas for Regeneration 4.2.3 In relation to this last point, the Report also Development Plans, Local Development Frameworks, suggests that neither Derby, Leicester or Local Transport Plans and the strategies of Sub-Regional Nottingham have the critical mass required to meet Strategic Partnerships should include proposals to assist these objectives alone, and proposes a co-operative the regeneration of areas of the greatest identified approach to increasing economic performance. This need. These include: is an issue which will be addressed by the Three • Cities Sub-Regional Spatial Strategy proposed in the region's Principal Urban Areas and Sub-Regional Policy 16. Centres that exhibit very high and concentrated levels of deprivation; 4.2.4 In taking forward the State of the Region report into • the Northern Sub-area, with its concentration of a revised Regional Economic Strategy (RES) which economic, social and environmental problems linked to will promote both regional competitiveness and the decline of the coal industry; sustainable communities, the following key drivers • peripheral and isolated rural and coastal areas such as have been identified: the EU Objective 2 areas of north Derbyshire and • Employment and Skills: to create high quality north Lincolnshire and including the towns of employment opportunities and drive up skill levels Gainsborough, Mablethorpe and Skegness; and • Enterprise and Innovation: to develop a strong • other settlements which display high levels of culture of enterprise and innovation within which deprivation including Corby which is designated as a entrepreneurs and world class businesses can growth town in Policy 5. prosper • A Climate for Investment: to improve the quality Regional Priorities for Employment Land of the region’s physical infrastructure 4.2.8 Following the Secretary of State’s recommendation 4.2.5 These key drivers are underpinned by a commitment based on the Panel Report into the last Draft RPG8, to improve Information and Communications EMRLGA and emda commissioned the Quality of Technology (ICT) in order to promote business Employment Land Supply Study (QUELS) with growth and the delivery of learning. Government support. QUELS undertook a comprehensive analysis of the current supply of 4.2.6 To help implement the RES at the local level, emda employment land against a strategic long term have promoted the development of broadly based market assessment and established regional policy Sub-Regional Strategic Partnerships (SSPs). The first objectives. A subsequent report, the Regional SSPs were formally designated in 2002. emda’s Employment Land Priority Study (RELPS), analysed Economic Planning and Infrastructure Context (EPIC) more specific employment needs and the study has added more detail on the key conclusions of both studies have been used to infrastructure improvements required to support inform the development of both the RSS and the economic growth in the region, and the study’s RES. conclusions are also reflected in the Regional Transport Strategy. In addition, emda’s 4.2.9 At the general level QUELS found that there would Environmental Economy Report (2002) identifies the be a significant decline in demand for industrial significant contribution this sector already makes to floorspace, and a significant increase in demand for regional GDP, and highlights opportunities to office floorspace over the next 10-15 years. Because support further growth. office jobs occupy space at far higher densities and are often in sectors such as retail, education and Regional Priority Areas for Regeneration health, the demand for additional employment land 4.2.7 Economic, social and environmental regeneration is (B1, B2, B8) is estimated to grow at less than 3 a key priority for both RSS and the RES. There are hectares per annum region-wide. However this several European and national funding programmes broadly static overall picture hides a much more REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 31

dynamic pattern of gains and losses, and sectoral Northampton, Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough, trends, such as an apparent shortage of sites for there will be a need to ensure that there are high tech uses. There is also a need for sites to be adequate employment sites to match the needs brought forward in response to the strategic arising from increased levels of population. priorities identified in RELPS and to provide suitable Three Cities Sub-area accommodation for the growth of local Office supply is constrained in Derby, Nottingham undertakings. and Leicester partly due to pressure from other uses 4.2.10 Local planning authorities should take into account such as housing. There is a particular shortage of the findings of QUELS and RELPS when drawing up sites suitable for science and technology users. The policies for their development plans and local availability of good quality industrial land is also development frameworks. In addition they need to constrained, particularly within the city boundaries. consider whether sites which may currently be In parts of Leicestershire pressure from the storage allocated for employment uses are likely to become and distribution industry is starting to restrict other surplus to current requirements. In such cases uses. planning authorities should consider what other Major Employment Sites uses might be appropriate on such sites. PPG3 4.2.12. QUELS also considered the case for further (particularly the recently amended paragraph designations of single user sites of 25 hectares or 42/42a) provides further guidance on this issue. more. The study concluded that Major Investment 4.2.11 The QUELS and RELPS highlighted some significant Sites (MISs) were not the best way of securing sub-area variations, some of which are outlined footloose inward investment because there are few below. such projects and their requirements are difficult to predict. MIS designations would therefore represent Eastern Sub-area an inefficient use of a potentially valuable asset. There is a limited supply of office space, which is probably adequate in the short term provided that existing allocations in Lincoln are developed. There Policy 22 is an apparent over-supply of allocated industrial land, particularly in the north of the Sub-area. Regional Priorities for Employment Land However, low land values and severe local Local Authorities and Sub-Regional Strategic constraints mean that selective public intervention Partnerships should work together to: will be required to ensure an adequate supply of • ensure that, by the allocation and de-allocation of serviced land that can be developed by the market. employment land (B1, B2, B8) through the Northern Sub-area development plan and spatial planning process and There is an inadequate supply of office space, through selective public investment, there is an particularly in and around existing urban centres. adequate supply of good quality land for office and Although there is an extensive supply of allocated industrial uses available for development in industrial land, much is of poor quality and around sustainable locations; 25% could be de-allocated without market • bring forward good quality allocated employment sites detriment. However selective public investment will to meet the specific requirements of potential be required to ensure an adequate supply of good investors; quality land in the future. • review employment land allocations in their areas to Peak Sub-area ensure that they are relevant to current and likely Due to the nature of the Sub-area, both office and future requirements, and that surplus employment industrial space is constrained. Selective public land is considered for beneficial alternative use; and intervention (including promotion of existing sites) • monitor gains and losses in the overall supply of good will be required to ensure an adequate supply quality office and industrial sites and assess the appropriate to the nature of the sub-area. floorspace capacity of allocated sites. Southern Sub-area In recent years the availability of both offices and industrial sites in and around Northampton has been Regional Priorities for Town Centres and Retail limited but elsewhere in the sub-area supplies have Development been adequate due to limited demand. There has 4.2.13 National guidance on retail and the roles of town also been evidence that pressure for storage and centres is contained in PPG6 (shortly to be replaced distribution sites has begun to restrict other uses. In by PPS6). The main aim of PPG 6 is to promote the the areas identified for growth, particularly vitality and viability of existing centres by focussing 32 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

new investment within city, town and district centres Southern Sub-area through the application of a sequential test. As a Northampton has strong potential for major result, the growth in out-of-town retail and leisure investment. Priorities for support include the development has been significantly restricted in growth towns of Corby, Kettering and recent years. Regional priorities have been Wellingborough. informed by the Regional Town Centres Study (February 2003), jointly commissioned by the Three Cities Sub-area EMRLGA and emda with Government support. The Nottingham, Derby and Leicester are the largest study undertook a comprehensive quantitative and centres and should be encouraged to develop their qualitative analysis of retail floorspace and leisure pre-eminent roles for the region. Priorities for facilities, which also took into account known future support include Loughborough and Hinckley. developments. 4.2.14 At the general level, the Regional Town Centres Policy 23 Study found that: • there is no clear retail hierarchy in the East Regional Priorities for Town Centres and Retail Midlands which could be used as a basis for Development regional policy. Instead a sub-area approach Local authorities, emda and Sub-Regional Strategic should be used to develop more localised Partnerships should work together on a sub-area basis strategies; to promote the vitality and viability of existing town • there is no identified need for additional regional centres, including those in Market Towns. Where town scale out-of-town retail floorspace within the centres are under performing, action should be taken to region; promote investment through design led initiatives and • a number of existing centres require public sector the development and implementation of town centre support to encourage the required private sector strategies. investment. The Study emphasises the importance Development Plans and future Local Development of design led initiatives and town centre strategies Frameworks, should include policies and proposals to: in helping to achieve this; and • bring forward retail and leisure development • quantitative forecasts should be supplemented by opportunities within town centres to meet identified a wider assessment of each centre’s role as a need; focus for employment, leisure and recreation. • However, there is a clear need for consistent prevent the development of additional regional scale monitoring of retail floorspace. out-of-town retail and leisure floorspace; and • monitor changes in retail floorspace on a regular 4.2.15 The following conclusions were drawn about each of the region’s sub-areas: basis. Eastern Sub-area Lincoln has a strong sub-regional and rural support Regional Priorities for the Rural Economy role. Priorities for support include Grantham, Newark 4.2.16 Agriculture and Forestry are the dominant uses and Boston. Given their proximity to each other, within the East Midlands, and are still major Grantham and Newark should look to develop employers. Despite long term decline, these sectors complementary roles reflecting individual employ around 3.2% of the total workforce, a figure characteristics and development opportunities. that increases to around 6% in the more rural parts Northern Sub-area of the region such as Lincolnshire. The main town centres perform at a lower level than 4.2.17 The rural economy of the East Midlands is as varied Derby, Nottingham or Sheffield to the north. as the region itself. At one end of the economic Priorities for support include Mansfield, Chesterfield spectrum are the sheep and cattle farmers of upland and Worksop. Derbyshire, at the other the high output horticulture Peak Sub-area on the fens of Southern Lincolnshire, which is a key Manchester, Sheffield and Derby are the major element of the region’s important food sector regional centres for the sub-area. Given the nature cluster. However, wages in agriculture are generally of the sub-area, development should be focussed on very low, and farm incomes have suffered in recent encouraging quality schemes that are in scale with years due to the impact of world competition and existing historic town centres mainly outside the the recent foot and mouth outbreak. In responding National Park to these challenges it is vital that the economic base REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 33

in rural areas is broadened, thereby reducing the particularly in terms of additional car traffic. exposure to external shocks, enhancing wealth Increasing the proportion of visitors who stay generating capacity and employment opportunities. overnight (and who as a result spend considerably PPS7 gives national advice on how local authorities more) is therefore a regional priority. However, should consider proposals for rural diversification. special care must be taken to ensure that all growth in tourism is managed in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Policy 24

Regional Priorities for Rural Diversification Policy 25 Local Authorities and Sub-Regional Strategic Partnerships should work together to promote the Regional Priorities for Tourism continued diversification and further development of the Development Plans, future Local Development rural economy, where this is consistent with a Frameworks, tourism strategies and Sub-Regional sustainable pattern of development and the Strategic Partnerships should seek to identify areas of environmentally sound management of the countryside. potential for tourism growth which maximise economic Particular consideration should be given to: benefit whilst minimising adverse impact on the environment and local amenity. Measures should include: • those areas that fall within the EU Objective 2 areas of • provision for additional tourist facilities including north Lincolnshire and north Derbyshire; and accommodation close to popular destinations that • those areas that fall within Rural Action Areas have adequate environmental and infrastructure identified by SSPs. capacity; • improvements in the quality of existing facilities and Regional Priorities for Tourism services; and 4.2.18 National Advice on Tourism is contained in PPG 21. • improvements to accessibility by public transport and Priorities for the East Midlands are contained in the other non-car modes. East Midlands Tourism Action Plan (2002-2005) produced by emda. emda has also published a full Regional Priorities for ICT Development Regional Tourism Strategy (Destination East 4.2.21 Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Midlands) which runs to 2010. has been identified by the RES as critical to 4.2.19 Tourism is a growth industry and key driver for the promoting regional competitiveness in the East regional economy. In 2001, it was worth Midlands. Improvements in ICT can also have an approximately £4.843 billion to the East Midlands, important role in overcoming issues of peripherality contributing 3.5% of the region’s GDP. There are in the region’s rural areas, for example in parts of about 30,000 tourism businesses in the region, the Eastern Sub-area. However, private sector employing around 200,000 people. The East investment in broadband infrastructure has so far Midlands has two internationally recognised focussed on the major centres of population in the attractions: Robin Hood/Sherwood Forest, and the west of the region. Even here take up by businesses Peak District National Park. In addition, there is the has often been low. recently designated Derwent Valley Mills World 4.2.22 emda published A Strategic Framework for Heritage Site. Strong regional attractions include Developing ICT in the East Midlands in 2002, and set Skegness/Mablethorpe, and the National Forest. In up the East Midlands Innovation and Technology addition, the region has a number of key strengths (EMIT) partnership to co-ordinate ICT development in areas such as culture and sport, and plays host to across the region. The development of over 160 local internationally recognised events, including motor Access Centres is helping to spread understanding sport, test cricket, rowing and the Buxton Opera of the benefits of ICT. Lincolnshire County Council is Festival. leading a major broadband initiative to address service provision and demand stimulation in rural 4.2.20However, 90% of domestic tourists to the region are Lincolnshire, with support from the EU Objective 2 day visitors spending on average only £10 per trip. Programme. The economic impact of tourism may be immense, but the large numbers of day visitors means the environmental impact is also proportionately large, 34 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

there are a number of key challenges facing the Policy 26 region as a whole: Regional Priorities for ICT • The area of statutory sites important for Local Authorities and Sub-Regional Strategic biodiversity in the region is well below the national Partnerships should work with the private sector and level. Overall there has been a significant decline regional bodies to: in biodiversity and to compensate for past losses, regional habitat restoration and creation targets • improve the regional coverage of broadband need to be proportionally greater than in other infrastructure, particularly in rural and peripheral regions. The significantly low regional proportion areas; of woodland cover offers a specific opportunity for • progressively improve the level of service from habitat creation. existing broadband infrastructure; and • The consequences of climate change are • promote the take up and use of ICT by businesses, and important especially in the 20% of the region the public and voluntary sectors. which is low lying and are safeguarded from fluvial and coastal flooding by drainage and flood defences. 4.3 Regional Priorities for Natural and Cultural • Resources The Peak District National Park and the Lincolnshire Wolds Area of Outstanding Natural National and Regional Policy Context Beauty (AONB) are unique national and regional 4.3.1 National policy on Sustainable Development includes assets. However the area of nationally designated two objectives with specific reference to the landscapes in the East Midlands is the lowest of all environment: the English regions. Pressures from a variety of sources are leading to an overall trend of erosion • Effective protection of the environment. in the unique mix of landscape types. • Prudent use of natural resources. 4.3.5 The RSS also considers issues arising from other 4.3.2 The protection and enhancement of the region’s regional strategies within the IRS framework, environment is vital to achieving sustainable including those which are currently under development and ensuring a better quality of life for preparation. In particular: everyone. The Countryside and Rights of Way • The Regional Waste Management Strategy being (CROW) Act 2000 gives additional responsibilities to developed by the Regional Technical Advisory local authorities for nature conservation, as well as Body on waste (RTAB). new rights of public access in open countryside. • The Regional Energy Strategy which is being led 4.3.3 The soil of the region is a valuable resource and the by the Regional Assembly’s Energy Task Group. Government’s objectives for its management are set out in the First Soil Action Plan for England (May 4.3.6 The cultural assets of the region include listed 2004). The region contains a significant percentage buildings, conservation areas, historic parks and of the total national resource of Grade 1 land, gardens, registered battlefields, Scheduled Ancient especially in southern Lincolnshire. The versatility of Monuments and archaeological sites of international, the region’s Grade 1, 2 and 3a land enables a wide regional or local importance, further details of which variety of crops to be grown, which adds to the are contained in the annual English Heritage robustness of the local economy and helps to publication Heritage Counts: The State of the East support a wide range of complementary and Midlands Historic Environment. The East Midlands ancillary rural businesses and services. The Cultural Consortium’s (EMCC) document Time for presence of best and most versatile agricultural land Culture — A Cultural Strategy for the East Midlands should be taken into account alongside other was also published in 2001. This brings together the sustainability considerations. Where significant regional cultural and creative interests, including development of agricultural land is unavoidable then tourism and sport. It aims to ensure that everyone poorer quality land should be used in preference to in the East Midlands will have better opportunities to that of higher quality, except where this would be participate in, embrace and enjoy cultural activities inconsistent with other sustainability considerations. that enhance their quality of life. 4.3.4 The regional context is set by the Regional Assembly’s Environment Strategy. The Strategy provides a framework for environmental policy development, and highlights that the East Midlands environment is characterised by diversity. However, REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 35

Diagram 3: Natural and Cultural Assets

Huddersfield

Oldham Scunthorpe Barnsley Grimsby Doncaster

Glossop Rotherham NR Manchester Gainsborough NR Sheffield Chesterfield Louth Canal East Retford

Stockport Fossdyke Worksop NR Canal Witham Buxton Derwent Chesterfield Navigation NR NOTTINGHAMSHIRE NR Horncastle LINCOLN Skegness Matlock Mansfield avigation N LINCOLNSHIRE NR Alfreton Trent Newark-on-Trent Witham R Erewash Hucknall t Heanor Cana n Tre Sleaford DERBYSHIRE l Ilkeston Boston R NOTTINGHAM Grantham DERBY Canal NR Grantham NR

Melton Mowbray Spalding Sutton Bridge Swadlincote Loughborough NR Nene Coalville NR Rutland Water Oakham Stamford Ash R b LEICESTER y C Soar RUTLAND an NR a Peterborough l Grand Union Hinckley Canal Welland

Nuneaton LEICESTERSHIRE Corby Market

Union Harborough

Kettering Coventry Peak District National Park Grand Birmingham Rugby Nene NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Lincolnshire Wolds AONB

Wellingborough Rushden National Forest Area

Daventry NORTHAMPTON Ancient Forests

Grand Union

Canal Greenwood Community Forest 03010 20 Kilometres Bedford 0 10 20 Miles Towcester Special Protection Areas NR Milton Keynes Nene Valley Regional Park (proposed)

Special Areas of Conservation

National Nature Reserves NR

Regional boundary Derwent Valley Mills – World Heritage Site

County boundary and Ramsar Sites R Unitary Authority boundary Further details on protected Coastal Management Area nature sites can be accessed on Rivers and Canals www.english-nature.co.uk and Strategic River Corridors www.jncc.gov.uk Built-up areas 36 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Policy 27 geological sites, compared to the national average of 7.5%. This is one of the lowest of any region in Protecting and Enhancing the Region’s Natural and England. The East Midlands has probably lost more Cultural Assets wildlife than any other region in England, with an Sustainable development should ensure the protection, average of one species per year becoming extinct at appropriate management and enhancement of the the regional level over the last century. The region region’s natural and cultural assets (and their settings). has also lost the majority of its unimproved chalk In the development and implementation of strategies grassland, hay meadows, heathland and floodplain and programmes in the region, local authorities and habitats, including wet grassland, wet woodlands, other bodies should apply the following principles: reed beds and peatland. Studies by English Nature indicate that these losses are continuing, and that • the promotion of the highest level of protection for those wildlife habitats that remain are becoming the region’s nationally and internationally designated increasingly small, isolated and fragmented. natural and cultural assets; • damage to natural or cultural assets (and their 4.3.9 Given these major declines in regional biodiversity, settings) should be avoided wherever and as far as action is required in four key areas to: possible, recognising that such assets are usually • ensure that there is no net loss of BAP habitats irreplaceable; and species in the region; • unavoidable damage must be clearly justified by a • deliver large scale habitat creation at a landscape need for development in that location which scale and which will contribute to rural outweighs the damage that would result and should be diversification and regeneration; reduced to a minimum through mitigation measures; • address isolation and fragmentation through • unavoidable damage which cannot be mitigated creating buffer zones and linking corridors; and should be compensated for, preferably in a relevant • create semi-natural green spaces in urban areas local context and where possible in ways which also so that everyone can have access to and benefit contribute to social and economic objectives; from an improved environment. • overall there should be no net loss of natural and cultural assets, and opportunities should be sought to 4.3.10 New sites and key linking habitat corridors should be achieve a net gain across the region; and identified for conservation and enhancement. The • protection of the region’s best and most versatile land. Strategic River Corridors Initiative is likely to afford such an opportunity, and remains a key regional priority. There are already a number of habitat re- Regional Priorities for Biodiversity creation initiatives in the region, for example the 4.3.7 Biodiversity means the variety of life among both Sherwood Initiative in Nottinghamshire which has plants and animals. Conservation and enhancement been supported through the Heritage Lottery Fund. of this variety is a key test of sustainable Inter-regional co-operation is needed for effective development. As illustrated on Diagram 3 the East protection of Natural Areas which cross regional Midlands has a number of sites of international boundaries, for example The White Peak, The Dark importance including 5 Special Protection Areas Peak, Coal Measures, Lincolnshire Wolds, Midland (SPAs), 9 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Clay Pastures and The Wash. 3 Ramsar sites (Gibraltar Point, The Wash and 4.3.11 Biodiversity Action Plans (BAPs) are the framework Rutland Water). Of these the SPAs and SACs form within which nature conservation targets and part of the Natura 2000 network of internationally priorities have been established. The implementation important wildlife sites, which is designed to of Local Biodiversity Action Plans (LBAPs) will need guarantee the favourable conservation status of to be reflected in development plans and other priority habitats and species in their natural range strategic documents, such as Community Strategies. within the EU. Wildlife sites of national importance It will also be necessary to reflect the protection also currently include 13 National Nature Reserves afforded to designated sites and legally protected and over 330 Sites of Special Scientific Interest species and to reinforce the quality of existing (SSSIs), several of which are also sites designated as wildlife sites by protecting, buffering, linking and being of international importance. In addition, there restoring the characteristic priority habitats listed in are a large number of sites of regional or local Appendix 5. The revised regional targets for importance, for example Local Nature Reserves and biodiversity are also set out in Appendix 5. Where Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation. development would be likely to affect nature 4.3.8 However, only 2% of the region's surface is covered conservation interests, account should be taken of by legally designated nature conservation or the advice in PPG9 (and PPS9 when issued). REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 37

Policy 28 contribute to the national programme. Land for woodland creation may also be found in urban and Priorities for Enhancing the Region’s Biodiversity urban fringe areas (including in Green Belts and Local authorities, environmental agencies, developers Green Wedges), derelict land, agricultural land, along and businesses should work together to promote a transport corridors and ground water protection major step change increase in the level of the region’s zones. Consideration should also be given to the biodiversity. This should be done by the: contribution that woodland can make within the floodplain. • achievement of the East Midlands regional contribution towards the UK Biodiversity Action Plan targets as set out in Appendix 5; Policy 29 • establishment of large scale habitat creation projects in the priority areas of Lincolnshire, the region’s A Regional Target for Increasing Woodland Cover Strategic River Corridors and heathland areas; Local authorities, environmental agencies, developers and businesses should help to create new areas of • establishment of a regional project to promote the re- woodland to meet a regional target of an additional creation of key wildlife habitats in each Natural Area in 65,000 hectares of tree cover by 2021. Opportunities the East Midlands; include the National Forest, Sherwood Forest, • establishment of a network of semi-natural green Greenwood Community Forest, and other forest spaces in urban areas; initiatives. • management of features of the landscape which act as Preference should be given to native species. Ancient corridors and “stepping stones”, essential for the woodlands and other woodlands of acknowledged migration and dispersal of wildlife; and national and regional importance should be protected • development and implementation of mechanisms to through Development Plans and Local Development ensure that development results in no net loss of BAP Frameworks. habitats and species and that net gain is achieved.

Regional Landscape Priorities Regional Priorities for Woodlands 4.3.14 The East Midlands contains two nationally 4.3.12 The Government is committed to a major expansion designated landscapes, The Peak District National of England's woodlands and its priorities are set out Park and the Lincolnshire Wolds AONB. Both should in the England Forestry Strategy (1998). To translate continue to receive the most rigorous protection this down to the regional level, regions will be from development that would damage their expected to prepare Regional Forestry Frameworks. character, in line with national policy. In addition, These Frameworks will reflect the distinctive needs there are a number of areas in the region (in and circumstances of the region and focus on particular Sherwood, Charnwood and Rockingham regional and local delivery. Regional advice, which is Forests) where the distinctive landscape character also relevant to woodland policy, is contained in the and the scale of ecological, historic and woodland Regional Environment Strategy. This includes a interest combine to create areas that are special to policy to support the protection and management of the people of the East Midlands. The distinctive woodland and the opportunities for increasing the character of these and other areas is threatened by extent of multi-purpose forests and woods. pressure from a range of factors. Co-ordinated action is required to ensure that such distinctiveness 4.3.13 The region has a relatively poor level of tree cover is retained. when compared to the UK as a whole. Creation of new woodlands, particularly with native tree species 4.3.15 At a regional level, landscape character has been or those identified through the BAP process and broadly defined in the Countryside Agency’s landscape character assessments, can stimulate the publication Countryside Character Volume 4 1999, local economy through tourism and forestry related published in parallel with English Nature's Natural employment. They can also contribute to the Areas. Some more detailed county level landscape development of biomass energy crops, creating character assessments have been undertaken but more attractive and diverse habitats and providing full regional coverage has yet to be achieved. The opportunities for leisure pursuits. Tree planting process of Historic Landscape Characterisation within the National Forest, the Greenwood supported by English Heritage has also been Community Forest and other major initiatives at undertaken in some areas and the aim is to have full Sherwood, Rockingham and East Derbyshire Forests regional coverage by 2008. The relative lack of will help redress the regional deficiency and national designations in the region does not mean 38 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

that there is a lack of landscapes of character that Regional Priorities for the Historic Environment need to be better conserved or enhanced through 4.3.17 National advice for the identification and protection sensitive development and management. Examples of historic buildings, conservation areas, include: archaeological remains and other elements of the • remnant heathlands, veteran trees and forest historic environment are set out in PPG15 and PPG16. At the regional level policies on the historic wood pasture with acid grassland in environment are influenced by: Nottinghamshire; • The Regional Environment Strategy: This • grazing marshes in Lincolnshire; emphasises the importance of ensuring change • ridge and furrow field patterns in Leicestershire, does not destroy the region’s irreplaceable historic Northamptonshire and Nottinghamshire; assets and distinctive character and that the need • open moorland landscape with traditional for change informed by understanding, careful agricultural features such as field barns and stone management and the involvement of local walls; and communities. It also stresses the significant contribution that the historic environment can • pre-enclosure landscapes and historic parklands. make to economic development, regeneration and 4.3.16 Understanding the importance of all landscapes and tourism. reducing the emphasis on local landscape • Viewpoints on the Historic Environment of the East designations will ensure that the character of one Midlands (July 2002) produced by the Regional area is not protected at the expense of another. In Heritage Forum. line with Policy 4, the preparation of Town, Village • The annual Heritage Counts: The State of the East and Countryside Design Summaries will help ensure Midlands Historic Environment Report, produced that regional and local characteristics are by English Heritage. understood and influence the design of new development. 4.3.18 All three documents confirm that that East Midlands has a rich and diverse historic environment which is undervalued and increasingly under threat. However, Policy 30 the historic environment can bring many benefits and opportunities. As a result, English Heritage Priorities for the Management and Enhancement of recommends that development plans and other the Region’s Landscape strategies should adopt an approach based upon: Development Plans, future Local Development • adequate identification and assessment of natural Frameworks, and other strategies of local authorities and cultural assets; and agencies should: • consideration of the contribution that these make • continue to promote the highest level of landscape to local character and diversity; and character protection for the region's nationally • an assessment of the capacity of these assets to designated landscapes of the Peak District National absorb change and the impact of the proposals on Park and the Lincolnshire Wolds Area of Outstanding the quality and character of the historic Natural Beauty; environment. • promote initiatives to protect and enhance the natural 4.3.19 In areas identified for growth and regeneration, it is and heritage landscape assets, in particular the particularly important that the impact of new Sherwood, Charnwood and Rockingham Forests; and development on the historic environment is properly • be informed by landscape character assessments to understood and considered at an early stage in the underpin and act as key components of criteria-based development process. In many areas, opportunities policies for the consideration of development exist for conservation led regeneration, which will proposals in rural or urban fringe areas. Where not benefit both the historic environment and the local already in place, local authorities should work towards economy. The regeneration of the former Lace preparing comprehensive assessments of the Market in Nottingham and parts of the historic character of their landscapes to coincide with the market town of Horncastle in Lincolnshire are two review of their local development documents. This very different examples of what can be achieved. should assess whether there are exceptional local circumstances that would require the retention of any local landscape designations and associated policies in local development frameworks. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 39

Loughborough University has international status in Policy 31 performance sport, sports science, research and Regional Priorities for the Historic Environment management, and is a catalyst for future economic development associated with sport and should be Development Plans, future Local Development encouraged. Sport England’s underlying objectives Frameworks, and other strategies should seek to understand, conserve and enhance the historic promote sports activities at all levels and the environment of the East Midlands, in recognition of its strategies to achieve that. This has led to the own intrinsic value, and its contribution to the region’s identification of facilities for individual sports, often quality of life. incorporated into the network of multi-purpose facilities that currently exist or which are being Across the region and particularly in areas where proposed, upgraded or relocated. The aim of growth or regeneration is a priority, Development Plans, regional policy is to achieve an adequate supply of Local Development Frameworks and economic such facilities to meet a hierarchy of demand development strategies should pay particular attention ranging from the casual or local level to the to promoting the sensitive change of the historic excellent or international level. The recently environment, retaining local distinctiveness, by: established County based Sports Partnerships have • identifying and assessing the significance of specific a key role in realising this aim. However it is also historic and cultural assets (including their settings); important to recognise that identified need in one • using characterisation to understand their administrative area can sometimes best be met by contribution to the landscape or townscape in areas of developing facilities in another. change; 4.3.22 The countryside as a whole is a valuable resource • encouraging the refurbishment and re-use of disused for providing opportunities for informal recreation or under-used buildings of some historic or and country parks provide both formal and informal architectural merit and incorporating them sensitively recreation in the countryside. As such the creation into the regeneration scheme; of new facilities is desirable. The region also has an • promoting the use of local building materials; and extensive network of statutory rights of way, • recognising the opportunities for enhancing existing including National Trails, such as the Trans Pennine tourism attractions and for developing the potential of Trail, which provide a well-used recreational other areas and sites of historic interest. resource. The SUSTRANS National Cycle Network is being developed through the region. There is scope for further routes to be developed. Diversification of Regional Priorities for Sport, Recreation and the rural economy may provide opportunities for Leisure sporting and leisure activities. In addition, the 4.3.20 The Government’s objectives are set out in PPG17 creation and management of large scale woodlands Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation (July for public access, such as the National Forest and 2002) and in the Sport England publication Game Greenwood Community Forest, can also act as Plan: a Strategy for Delivering the Government’s alternative recreational attractions to areas already Sport and Physical Activity Objectives. At the suffering from excess visitor pressure. regional level the regional plan for sport Change 4 Sport needs to be taken into account and the Regional Environment Strategy also acknowledges Policy 32 the contribution of sport, recreation and leisure to the quality of life and the importance of achieving Regional Priorities for Sports and Recreational accessible facilities. It will be important to ensure facilities that adequate recreational open space and other Local Authorities should work with County based Sport facilities are provided, in both urban and rural areas, Partnerships, the East Midlands Regional Sports Board, to serve existing and new populations. The provision should be based on standards derived from Sport England and other relevant bodies to ensure that assessments carried out by local authorities in line there is adequate provision of sports and recreational with PPG17 and best practice guidance. facilities consistent with the priorities for urban and rural areas outlined in Policies 5 and 6, and the relevant sub- 4.3.21 The East Midlands has strong sporting traditions and area policies under section 3.5. several national and international centres of sporting excellence are being created in the region. Where appropriate, local authorities should also work Many of these are clustered around Loughborough across administrative borders to ensure that identified and the Greater Nottingham conurbation. need is met in the most effective manner. 40 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Regional Priorities for the Water Environment Strategic River Corridors 4.3.23 Regional priorities for water resource management 4.3.25 River environments are a very important resource are contained in Water Resources for the Future: A and wildlife habitat for the region. They are also Strategy for the East Midlands, published by the important in terms of archaeology. As a result, river Environment Agency in 2001. This indicates that corridors offer some of the best opportunities to throughout much of the region, surface water is restore and enhance lost habitats and wetland already fully utilised during the summer months, and landscapes and can also provide a focus for that much of the groundwater in the East Midlands is regeneration. There is significant potential to subject to an unacceptable abstraction regime. This promote the enhancement of the strategic river has implications not only for development but also corridors to link BAP habitats and assist with for wildlife and habitats. improving biodiversity across the region, to promoting river floodplain management and assist in 4.3.24 With pressures from development and climate delivering urban renaissance. change, demand for water is likely to increase. This, and the already limited availability of water, will require management to reduce demand, not only Policy 34 within the region but also an increasing need to manage water supplies strategically between regions. Regional Priorities for Strategic River Corridors This in turn may influence the location and timing of Development Plans, future Local Development future development, and will require water efficiency Frameworks, and other strategies of local authorities and measures and sustainable drainage systems to be other agencies should seek to protect and enhance the installed, as well as consideration of the uses and natural and cultural environment of the region’s strategic options for non-potable water such as rainwater and river corridors of the Nene, Trent, Soar, Welland, Witham, greywater systems. In addition, the potential for Derwent and Dove, along with their tributaries, and rivers pollution of vulnerable aquifers from industrial sites, which contribute to river corridors of a strategic nature redundant mines and agriculture is a major threat to in adjoining regions. regional environmental assets. The Environment Agency has information on the extent of vulnerable Actions of agencies and other bodies including those of groundwater, source protection zones and nitrate adjoining regions should be co-ordinated to maintain and vulnerable zones which should be used in the enhance the multi-functional importance of strategic preparation of development plans. There is also a river corridors for wildlife, landscape and townscape, need for local planning authorities and other affected regeneration and economic diversification, education, agencies to ensure that their policies are consistent recreation, the historic environment, including with the European Union’s Water Framework archaeology, and managing flood risk. Directive.

The Lincolnshire Coast Policy 33 4.3.26 The Lincolnshire coast experiences development pressure from the holiday industry, from retirement A Regional Approach to the Water Environment migration and from development related to activities Development Plans, future Local Development such as fishing, navigation and the exploitation of Frameworks, and policies of the Environment Agency and offshore minerals. The European Union Bathing other agencies should be co-ordinated to: Water, Birds and Habitats Directives, and the Ramsar • take water related issues into account at an early stage Convention on wetlands of international importance in the process of identifying land for development; have introduced improvements and safeguards affecting this coastline. Managing the interaction • protect and improve water quality and reduce the risk between development, coastal erosion, flood of pollution especially to vulnerable groundwater; protection and defence and enhancement of the • manage supply and demand, require sustainable natural environment requires considerable inter- drainage where practicable and promote the efficient agency co-operation and action, which is particularly use of water; important in the context of rising sea levels. An • reduce unsustainable abstraction from watercourses integrated approach to coastal management is and aquifers to sustainable levels; essential. This should emphasise the protection and • locate and phase development to take account of enhancement of biodiversity, natural character, built constraints on water resources; and environment, historic environments and archaeology • plan rural areas to include winter storage reservoirs and the landscape quality of the coast. Further and lessen the impact of abstraction from rivers. advice is contained in PPG20 and PPG25. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 41

4.3.30 Any necessary mitigation measures will be Policy 35 identified as part of these studies. Such an Priorities for the Management of the Lincolnshire approach would be particularly useful in the Coast context of strategic site identification and previously developed land evaluation. A Local authorities and other agencies should identify partnership approach to the funding and arrangements for effective co-operation to manage the preparation of such studies is advocated as this Lincolnshire Coast. They should promote the can significantly shorten the overall development development of coastal zone management plans to help planning process. In the past development has achieve an integrated approach to coastal management, often increased flood risk, for example, by including North East Lincolnshire in the adjacent region. exacerbating flash flooding. It should in the future Development Plans should ensure that any development contribute positively towards flood risk reduction. along the Lincolnshire Coast requires a coastal location This can be achieved across the whole region by and that opportunities are taken to locate new reducing surface water run off rates through the development primarily in the existing urban areas. use of sustainable drainage techniques (SuDS). In advocating the use of SuDS, local planning authorities should ensure that any uncertainties A Regional Approach to Managing Flood Risk over adoption and future maintenance are 4.3.27 The extensive national flooding which occurred resolved early in the development process. during the winter of 2000/1, and the potential 4.3.31 Where development within the flood plain is deemed impact of climate change have heightened the appropriate and necessary it should incorporate importance of flooding and land drainage as a flood mitigation measures into the design in order to fundamental future spatial planning issue. This is minimise any possible future damage. Relevant particularly the case in the East Midlands, which not authorities and organisations should also encourage only has an extensive coastline in Lincolnshire, but and promote the retro-fitting of existing properties also has extensive areas of both tidal and fluvial in these areas. When considering the provision, flood plains. Much of these flood plain areas are maintenance or improvement of riparian and sea defended appropriately although these defences are defences emphasis should be on a more natural not shown on the existing flood plain maps. approach to flood defences, maximising 4.3.28 In preparing development plans local planning environmental benefits throughout. The recent authorities need to take into account all the latest managed retreat scheme at Freiston Shore on the information available on potential flooding. This will Lincolnshire coast is a good example of what can be include Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs), the achieved. indicative flood plain maps (augmented by emerging more refined mapping and modelling which takes Policy 36 into account flood defences such as Risk Assessment for Strategic Planning (RASP) and Flood A Regional Approach to Managing Flood Risk Hazard Mapping) and Catchment Flood Management Development Plans, future Local Development Plans. Care must be taken not to look at relatively Frameworks, and strategies of relevant agencies should: small areas in isolation. For example, account needs • be informed by the use of appropriate Strategic Flood to be taken of the effect development in upland safe Risk Assessments in order to evaluate actual flood risk locations can have on areas downstream. and should include policies which prevent 4.3.29 Using the latest information available, local planning inappropriate development either in, or where there authorities should apply the sequential approach as would be an adverse impact on, the coastal and fluvial set out in PPG 25, linking it with the complementary floodplain areas; advice given in PPG 3, particularly in the context of • deliver a programme of flood management schemes re-using previously developed land. Where extensive that also maximise biodiversity and other regeneration areas of land fall within defined high-risk zones, PPG benefits; and 25 acknowledges that further development may be • require sustainable drainage in all new developments needed to avoid social and economic stagnation or where practicable. blight. This is the case in extensive parts of the Development should not be permitted if, alone or in Eastern Sub-area. In such instances, local conjunction with other new development, it would: authorities, in conjunction and agreement with the • Environment Agency, should carry out detailed be at unacceptable risk from flooding or create such strategic flood risk assessments. an unacceptable risk elsewhere; 42 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

where primary aggregates could acceptably be • inhibit the capacity of the floodplain to store water; worked will become increasingly constrained. • impede the flow of floodwater; Consequently, alternative secondary and recycled • have a detrimental impact upon ground water storage sources of aggregates should form an even greater capacity; proportion of future supply. • otherwise unacceptably increase flood risk; and 4.3.34 Apportionment between the MPAs of proposed • interfere with coastal processes. production of aggregates was agreed in 2004, but monitoring indicates production has been about However, such development may be acceptable on the 25% below forecast levels. In addition, the basis of conditions or agreements for adequate Government published new, lower national and measures to mitigate the effects on the overall flooding regional guidelines for aggregates provision in June regime, including provision for the maintenance and 2003. Revised apportionment figures for the region enhancement (where appropriate) of biodiversity. Any have been agreed by the East Midlands Regional such measures must accord with the flood management Assembly and the mineral planning authorities regime for that location. within the region based on advice from the Regional Strategic flood risk assessments should be carried out Aggregates Working Party (RAWP). These are where appropriate to inform the implementation of this included in Figure 1 and will need to be taken into policy. account by local planning authorities in their development plans and local development frameworks. Minerals Production in the East Midlands Figure 1: Baseline East Midlands Sub-Regional 4.3.32 The East Midlands Region provides a significant Apportionments 2001–2016 proportion of the UK's mineral production, including Sand/Gravel Crushed Rock Total coal, aggregates such as sand and gravel, limestone, (Mt) (Mt) (Mt) sandstone and igneous rock, and quantities of gypsum, high purity limestone, fireclay, brick clay, Derbyshire 26.5 155.9 182.4 locally distinctive building materials, and oil and gas. Peak N. Park — 66.9 66.9 Much of the production has been consumed within Leicestershire 20.0 262.5 282.5 the region — coal for power generation and aggregates for the building industry and road Lincolnshire 49.0 27.2 76.2 construction. However, the region is also a major Northamptonshire 15.5 6.3 21.8 exporter of primary aggregates and high quality Nottinghamshire 54.0 4.2 58.2 minerals. National Guidance governing the extraction of minerals is contained in MPG1 (to be Totals 165.0 523.0 688.0 replaced by MPS1). Further guidance on coal and Mt = Million tonnes aggregates is contained in MPG3 and MPG6 respectively. Regional Priorities for Aggregates Policy 37 4.3.33 The East Midlands is a major producer and exporter Regional Priorities for Non-Energy Minerals of aggregates, with important implications for Development Plans and future Local Development employment, landscapes and transport Frameworks should: infrastructure. About 21% of the sand and gravel • and 44% of the crushed rock production is exported identify sufficient environmentally acceptable sources from the region. Current guidance contained in to maintain an appropriate supply of aggregates and other minerals of regional or national significance; MPG6 sets out regional levels of production based on predictions of the needs of the East Midlands and • indicate areas within which sites needed for land won the demands from other regions. It also provides minerals should be safeguarded from development guidance on all the nationally relevant policies that would sterilise future exploitation; constraining aggregates extraction in sensitive areas • identify and safeguard opportunities for the such as Green Belts, National Parks, and Areas of transportation of minerals by rail, water or pipeline, Outstanding Natural Beauty. Where these where appropriate to do so, including the maintenance designations cross regional or county boundaries, it of existing railhead and wharfage facilities, the is important that development plans take a provision of new facilities, and the safeguarding of consistent and co-ordinated approach to aggregates access to them; extraction. MPG6 also acknowledges that areas REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 43

also provides guidance on the reclamation of • seek to apply the aggregates apportionment figures mineral workings. agreed at the regional level; Regional Priorities for Waste Reduction and • make provision for a progressive reduction in the proportion and amounts of aggregates from the Peak Management District National Park and Lincolnshire Wolds AONB; 4.3.38The region's human and economic activities generate waste that must be managed in • identify and where necessary safeguard sites suitable accordance with the principles of sustainable for facilities for the recycling and reprocessing and development. The European Union Framework transfer of materials including construction and Directive on Waste, the National Waste Strategy demolition wastes; and (2000) and PPG10 all promote a comprehensive • identify the proposed uses to which former mineral hierarchical approach to waste management: extraction sites should be put, including opportunities • for the creation of priority habitats as set out in Policy to reduce the amount of waste that society 28. produces; • to make the best use of the waste that is produced; and Coal Production in the East Midlands • to choose waste management practices which 4.3.35 The East Midlands has significant coal reserves that minimise risks of immediate and future have been exploited by both deep mined and environmental pollution and harm to human opencast methods and coal still plays a significant health. role in the economy in parts of the Northern Sub- area. However, since 1992, coal production, 4.3.39Whilst some elements of the hierarchy are outside nationally and in the East Midlands, has seen a the scope of the land use planning system, others further major contraction, especially in the deep have significant planning implications. The Regional mined industry, which has caused most of the Technical Advisory Body (RTAB) for the East region's remaining mines to close. The main issues Midlands brings together key interests to advise the concern the social and economic impact on the RPB on waste issues. The RTAB has employed local communities affected by pit closures, along consultants to provide detailed technical advice on with the reclamation of the colliery tips and projections of waste generation and potential redevelopment of the colliery sites. In addition options for a Regional Waste Strategy, based on the opencast coal production has also declined. Any guidance issued by the Government on Strategic proposals to extend or develop new sites in the East Planning for Sustainable Waste Management (2001). Midlands will be required to consider the potentially 4.3.40Analysis of the current position is based on the severe environmental impact of this form of mineral Environment Agency’s Strategic Waste Management extraction on local communities. However, in some Assessment (SWMA) for the East Midlands (2000) cases opencast mining can be used as a way of re- using data for the year 1998/99. It is estimated that claiming and regenerating former deep mine sites. the region produced approximately 16.4 million 4.3.36MPG3 sets out criteria to be met to overcome a tonnes of controlled waste in 1998/99. Of this about general presumption against allowing new 48% (including 2% special waste) was developments for the opencast extraction of coal. commercial/industrial in origin, 38% was These criteria should be applied by Minerals construction and demolition waste and only 14% Planning Authorities in the region. was municipal solid waste. Restoration of Minerals Sites 4.3.41 The baseline data above has been used to predict 4.3.37 When extraction of minerals is complete, restoration future waste growth forecasts for the principal of sites can provide a range of opportunities for waste streams up to the year 2021. These new uses, whether for agriculture, forestry, wildlife projections assume the achievement of known habitats, recreation or landfill. MPG1 advises that Government targets and success of proposed waste appropriate re-use of former mineral sites should minimisation initiatives. In particular, zero growth be considered on a wider than local needs basis, has been assumed from 2016. As a result it is although regard must be paid to the impact of any estimated that by 2021 the East Midlands will new use on local amenity, environment and produce around 18.4 million tonnes of controlled infrastructure. In some cases, former workings and waste. sites have provided significant new ecological assets, and the value of these should be considered in approving restoration or re-use proposals. MPG7 44 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Figure 2: Projected Growth in Waste by Principal likely that such developments will primarily focus on Waste Stream 2001–2021 increasing capacity at existing facilities. However, failure to meet the proposed waste minimisation and 20 recycling targets will increase the requirement for other forms of waste recovery, and could result in 15 the development of new facilities. 4.3.44 Figure 3 illustrates the likely need for waste 10 management capacity required by 2015 to deliver the proposed Regional Waste Strategy. Figure 3 gives a more detailed breakdown in respect of 5 Municipal Solid Waste. Waste Arisings (millions p/a) Arisings (millions Waste Figure 3: Existing and Proposed Management of 0 2001 2005 2010 2015 2021 Waste Arisings (million tonnes)

Construction & Demolition Industry Method/Year 19991 20152 Commercial MSW Recycling/Composting 7.7 12.6 Other Waste Recovery 0.4 0.5 Towards A Regional Waste Strategy for the East Disposal (including Landfill) 8.1 4.9 Midlands Treatment 4.3.42 Detailed policies will be developed through a (principally special waste) 0.2 0.3 Regional Waste Strategy which will be based on the Re-use (0.3) (0.4) principles set out in Policy 38: Total Waste Arisings 16.4 18.3 1 Estimated from SWMA 2 Based on Option 2 in Regional Waste Strategy Technical Policy 38 Report

Regional Waste Strategy Figure 4: Municipal Solid Waste Arisings A Regional Waste Strategy will be drawn up based on 2001-2015 the following principles: 3.0 • working towards zero growth in waste at the regional level by 2016; 2.5 • reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill in accordance with the EU Landfill Directive; 2.0 • exceeding Government targets for recycling and

composting, with the objective to bring all parts of the 1.5 region up to the levels of current best practice; and

• Million Tonnes taking a flexible approach to other forms of waste 1.0 recovery, on the basis that technology in this area is

developing very quickly and is difficult to predict over 0.5 a 20 year period.

0 1998/9 2005 2010 2015 4.3.43 Delivering this Strategy will require co-ordinated action by a wide range of interests. A crucial first Treatment Energy Recovery step will be to promote a change of behaviour from Disposal Recycling/Composting consumers and businesses to reduce waste and promote re-use and recycling. It will also be 4.3.45 Whilst regional self sufficiency should be an objective, necessary for Waste Planning Authorities to reflect Waste Planning Authorities will need to work across the need for additional waste management facilities administrative boundaries to ensure that all new waste in Waste Local Plans. These will include materials management facilities are consistent with the Best recycling facilities (MRFs), composting operations, Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO), the inert processing plants and waste transfer facilities. proximity principle and the waste hierarchy. Some additional waste recovery capacity will also be Eastern Sub-area: A dispersed population with few needed, which may include energy from waste, or opportunities for large scale intensive waste other technologies such as anaerobic digestion. It is management options. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 45

Northern Sub-area: An area of relatively high aspiration to double renewables’ share of electricity population density and some areas where there are to 20% by 2020. The UK also has a binding target geological opportunities for landfill of non-inert under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions of six wastes. greenhouse gases by 12.5% from 1990 levels in the Peak Sub-area: An environmentally sensitive area of period 2008-2012. The Government has an sparse population and industrial and commercial additional goal of a reduction of 20% in emissions of development. It is likely to rely on small scale local CO2 from 1990 levels by 2010. facilities for recycling and on waste management and 4.3.47 Regional policies on energy are underpinned by the treatment facilities which are in other Sub-areas. ‘energy hierarchy’ advocated by the Local Southern Sub-area: An area of growth that has a Government Association’s position statement Energy tradition of landfill formed from mineral workings. Services for Sustainable Communities (1999): However, it is not considered an appropriate area for • to reduce the need for energy either new landfill or regional scale intensive waste • to use energy more efficiently management facilities. • to use renewable energy Three Cities Sub-area: An area of concentrated development with a high proportion of the region’s • any continuing use of fossil fuels to be clean and waste generation. It has the greatest potential for efficient for heating and co-generation intensive waste management opportunities, and is also 4.3.48 RSS policy has also been informed by the an area where inert wastes can contribute to development of a Regional Energy Strategy and a reclamation of mineral workings particularly in the Study: Energy Issues and the Review of RPG for the Trent Valley and its tributaries which are major areas East Midlands (January 2003). This Study was of aggregate extraction. commissioned by the Regional Assembly and the EMRLGA with Government support, and Policy 39 recommended that: • policies be included in the RSS to reduce the need Regional Priorities for Waste Management for energy at the regional level; Local authorities, national, regional and local bodies • Combined Heat and Power (CHP) capacity should should promote a package of policies and proposals that be significantly increased; and will result in zero growth in all forms of controlled waste • minimum regional targets for renewable energy by 2016. should be set for 2010 and 2020. All Waste Collection Authorities and Waste Disposal Authorities should achieve a minimum target for the 4.3.49 The Study also recommended: recycling and composting of Municipal Solid Waste of • revised indicative County Targets for renewable 25% by 2005, 30% by 2010 and 50% by 2015. energy generation to 2010; Waste Local Plans should include policies and proposals • a criteria based approach to the identification of to promote sustainable waste management by the renewable energy locations (with the exception of development of the additional waste management wind); and capacity illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, taking into • a broad location based approach to on-shore wind consideration: development. • the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) for Regional Priorities for Energy Reduction each waste stream; 4.3.50 The Home Energy Conservation Act 1995 and related • socio-economic implications; guidance requires that local authorities with housing • the principle of regional self-sufficiency; responsibilities should prepare energy efficient • the proximity principle: and improvement measures aimed at reducing domestic energy consumption by 30% over 10—15 years. In • the waste hierarchy. addition the Government’s Energy White Paper states that domestic households are expected to save 5m tonnes of carbon a year by 2010 and a further 4—6m Regional Priorities for Energy tonnes by 2020. 4.3.46 The Government published an Energy White Paper in February 2003. The Government is committed to 4.3.51 The spatial planning system can contribute to these ensuring that renewable energy sources make an targets through measures to improve the location of increasing contribution to UK energy supplies, with development, site layout and building design. Policies the target of seeing renewable energy resources in Development Plans and future Local Development supply 10% of UK electricity by 2010 and a further Frameworks on energy reduction will often need to 46 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

be supported by additional advice, including Regional Priorities for Renewable Energy Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG), such as 4.3.54 The Government has introduced a number of that issued by Leicester City Council in 2002. initiatives including a new Renewables Obligation, to succeed the Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO), and 4.3.52 Domestic and Industrial Combined Heat and Power (CHP) schemes can increase efficiency in the use and the Climate Change Levy. Current Planning Policy supply of energy. The Government has set a target Guidance on Renewable Energy is set out in PPS22. of at least 10,000MWe of CHP by 2010. In 2000, 4.3.55 It is proposed that the regional targets for there were 292MWe of CHP electricity generation renewable energy exclude energy derived from capacity in the East Midlands (6.8% of UK CHP incineration of municipal and commercial waste. The capacity). Revised regional targets propose to Regional Energy Strategy sets out a proposed increase this figure to a minimum of 511 MWe by 2010 minimum regional renewable energy target of 2495 and 1120 MWe by 2020. Suitable locations for large- GWh by 2010 and a suggested requirement by 2020 scale CHP developments are likely to be urban or of nearly 5000 GWh. At present renewable energy associated with new development. sources make a minor contribution to the region’s 4.3.53 Parts of the East Midlands, notably the Trent Valley, capacity (1.6%) and the proposed targets represent have clear locational advantages for major energy 10.6% of the overall electricity consumption at 2010. installations through easy access to the Grid and to Consideration should be given to any further targets cooling water and fossil fuel supplies. Some former that may emerge and to re-examining the 2020 power station and colliery sites may be suitable for target in view of the Energy White Paper. re-use for new forms of power generation such as 4.3.56 At the sub-regional level indicative targets are clean coal technology. There is also considerable proposed for each technology for each County area potential for co-firing (using mixes of fossil fuels and in Appendix 6. More detailed assessments of the bio-energy) and for cleaner burning in existing power potential should be undertaken by local authorities stations. to define more specific local targets. Coal Mine Methane has also been identified as having an important role to play in the sustainable energy mix Policy 40 within the region. Regional Priorities for Energy Reduction and 4.3.57 Although regional targets are ambitious, they are Efficiency thought to be realistic and should be treated as Local authorities, energy generators and other agencies indicative. Therefore, it should not be inferred that should promote: once the targets have been met within an area, • a reduction of energy usage at the regional level in efforts should not continue to deliver additional line with the ‘energy hierarchy’; and renewable schemes. It should be emphasised however that if the carbon objectives are to be • the development of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) delivered the Government’s targets on energy and district heating infrastructure necessary to efficiency and renewable generation will both need achieve the regional target of 511 MWe by 2010 and to be met. 1120 MWe by 2020. 4.3.58 Much of the region could be suitable for the location Development Plans and future Local Development of wind turbines subject to a number of criteria, Frameworks should: including visual impact and the cumulative effect of • include policies and proposals to secure a reduction in a number of turbines and their actual size. Planning the need for energy through the location of authorities should not, however, adopt policies that development, site layout and building design; would in effect impose a blanket ban on on-shore • safeguard sites for access to significant reserves of wind energy projects. Instead policies should be coal mine methane; included in development plans and local • identify suitable sites for CHP plants well related to development frameworks that establish the criteria existing or proposed development and encourage their which guide/inform wind energy projects in order to provision in large scale schemes; and achieve high quality, well planned developments. • consider safeguarding former power station and Policy 41 sets out the criteria that need to be colliery sites for energy generation. addressed when drawing up local policies. Supplementary Planning Documents should be prepared 4.3.59 Offshore wind lies beyond normal planning where appropriate to explain how such policies will be jurisdiction but the onshore infrastructure required implemented. to bring the electricity ashore is likely to require planning permission. The Government published a REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 47

consultation document Future Offshore — A Strategic particular consideration to: Framework for the Offshore Wind Industry which identified three national strategic areas. One of • the proximity to the renewable energy resource; these areas lies in the Wash off the Lincolnshire • the relationship with the existing natural and built coast where much of the area is protected by environment; national and international designations. This has • the availability of existing surplus industrial land in important implications for the design and location of close proximity to the transport network; and on-shore infrastructure and Local Plans and Local • the benefits of smaller scale grid and non grid Development Frameworks covering the on-shore connected generation. area will need to include appropriate policies aimed at protecting key environmental assets and the integrity of designated sites. However such policies 4.4 Regional Transport Strategy (RTS) should not be so wide that they would in effect prevent off shore facilities from being developed. National and Regional Policy Context They should instead concentrate on mitigating 4.4.1 National policies and objectives to promote potentially adverse effects and encouraging co- sustainable transport are contained in the Transport operative planning of infrastructure, for example by White Paper The Future of Transport (2004). This measures such as cable sharing. Further advice on has been supplemented by a variety of Government these issues is contained in the Companion Guide to documents including: PPS22. • PPG13: Transport • The Future of Rail (2004) Policy 41 • The Future of Air Transport (2003) • Regional Priorities for Renewable Energy Full Guidance on Local Transport Plans (2004) Development Plans and future Local Development 4.4.2 The Government is committed to integrating Frameworks, should include policies to promote and transport and land use policies in order to reduce encourage the delivery of the indicative targets for the need to travel, promoting the use of public renewable energy set out in Appendix 6. In making transport, and only increasing highway capacity provision for new development policies should be when all alternative measures have been considered. supportive of renewable energy proposals in locations where environmental, economic and social impacts can The Transport White Paper also recognises the need be addressed satisfactorily. to integrate national transport policies with those for education, health and wealth creation. The In establishing criteria for onshore wind energy region’s Economic Strategy produced by emda Development Plans and future Local Development recognises the importance of high quality transport Frameworks, should give particular consideration to: infrastructure in meeting economic growth and • landscape and visual impact, informed by local regeneration objectives. There are also strong Landscape Character Assessments; linkages with the Regional Assembly’s Public Health • the effect on the natural and cultural environment Strategy, particularly in terms of road safety, air and (including bio-diversity and the setting of historic noise pollution and the health problems associated assets); with isolation from services and facilities. The positive health benefits associated with increased • the effect on the built environment (including noise levels of cycling and walking also need to be intrusion); considered. • the number and size of turbines proposed; 4.4.3 An outline of the major transport issues in the East • the cumulative impact of wind generation projects, Midlands is contained in paragraph 1.4.4. This broad including intervisibility; analysis has been refined by consideration of: • the contribution of wind generation projects to the • M1 Multi-Modal Study (MMS) regional renewables target; and • A453 MMS • the contribution of wind generation projects to • national and international environmental objectives on London-South Midlands MMS climate change. • South East Manchester MMS • In establishing criteria for new facilities required for M1 Junction 19 Road Based Study (RBS) other forms of renewable energy, Development Plans • A38 Derby Junctions RBS and future Local Development Frameworks should give • emda’s EPIC Study 48 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

• Milton Keynes and South Midlands Study studies listed under 4.4.3 have been used as a basis • East to West Midlands MMS for identifying the Sub-area Transport Investment Priorities in Table 2 of Appendix 8. • A52 Nottingham to Bingham MMS RTS Core Strategy 4.4.4 In line with Government policy, the Core Strategy of Policy 43 the RTS is based on: Sub-area Objectives • reducing the need to travel, especially by car, and Local authorities should have regard to the following reducing traffic growth and congestion; objectives for sub-areas when drawing up their Local • promoting a step change in the level of public Transport Plans and Local Development Documents: transport; i) Eastern Sub-area • making better use of existing networks through E1 Developing the transport infrastructure and services better management; and needed to support Lincoln’s role as one of the • only developing additional highway capacity when region’s five Principal Urban Areas. all other measures have been exhausted. E2 Developing opportunities for modal switch away RTS Objectives from road based transport in the nationally 4.4.5 On the basis of this Core Strategy and the Spatial important food and drink sector. Strategy outlined under Section 3 the following RTS E3 Making better use of the opportunities offered by Objectives have been developed. These Objectives, existing ports, in particular Boston, for all freight along with a consideration of the recommendations movements, and improving linkages to major ports from the studies listed in paragraph 4.4.3, have been in adjacent regions such as Grimsby, Immingham used as the basis for identifying the Regional and Felixstowe. Transport Investment Priorities in Table 1 of E4 Improving access by all modes to the Lincolnshire Appendix 8. Coast. E5 Reducing peripherality, particularly to the east of Policy 42 the A15, and overcoming rural isolation for those without access to a private car. Core Strategy and Regional Transport Objectives E6 Reducing the number of fatal and serious road Local authorities should have regard to the following traffic accidents. objectives when drawing up their Local Transport Plans ii) Northern Sub-area and Local Development Documents: N1 Developing the transport infrastructure and services 1. Support sustainable development in the region’s needed to improve access from traditional Principal Urban Areas and Sub-Regional Centres communities to jobs and services in adjacent urban described in Policy 5. centres such as Chesterfield, Mansfield and Worksop. 2. Promote accessibility and overcome peripherality in N2 Making best use of the existing rail infrastructure the region’s rural areas in support of Policy 6. and proximity to the strategic road network to 3. Support the region’s regeneration priorities outlined develop new opportunities for local jobs in the in Policy 21. storage and distribution sector. 4. Promote improvements to inter-regional and N3 Reducing congestion and improving safety along the international linkages that will support sustainable M1 corridor. development within the region. N4 Overcoming the problems of rural isolation for those 5. Improve safety across the region and reduce without access to a private car. congestion, particularly within the region’s Principal iii) Peak Sub-area Urban Areas and on major inter-urban corridors. P1 Implementing key proposals of the South Pennines 6. Promote opportunities for modal shift away from the Integrated Transport Strategy (SPITS). private car and road based freight transport across P2 Developing opportunities for modal shift away from the region. road based transport including for the quarrying and aggregates sector. P3 Overcoming the problems of rural isolation for those Sub-area Objectives without access to a private car. 4.4.6 The six RTS Objectives have been refined into 25 more specific Sub-area Objectives. These, along with P4 Improving transport linkages to the North West Region and the rest of the East Midlands. a consideration of the recommendations from the REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 49

areas in order to improve economic competitiveness, iv) Southern Sub-area the environment and the quality of life, it is vital S1 Developing the transport infrastructure and services that action is taken now to reduce the rate of traffic needed to accommodate major planned housing and growth. Clearly there will be substantial variations in employment growth consistent with the Milton the extent to which traffic growth can be controlled, Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Regional Spatial with the greatest opportunities existing in the Strategy. region’s Principal Urban Areas. However, it is a S2 Developing the transport infrastructure and services problem that all parts of the region have a role in needed to support Northampton’s role as one of the combating and a range of measures should be region’s five Principal Urban Areas. employed to achieve an effective reduction in both S3 Developing the transport infrastructure and services traffic growth and congestion. needed to support the regeneration of Corby as a place to both live and work. Policy 44 S4 Developing opportunities for modal switch away from road based transport in the nationally Regional Traffic Growth Reduction important freight distribution sector. Local authorities, public and local bodies, and service S5 Improving access by all modes to the East Coast providers should work together to achieve a progressive Ports of Felixstowe and Harwich. reduction over time in the rate of traffic growth in the v) Three Cities Sub-area East Midlands and support delivery of the national PSA congestion target. This should be achieved by T1 Reducing the use of the car in and around promoting measures to: Nottingham, Derby and Leicester and promoting a step change in the quality and quantity of local • encourage behavioural change, as set out in Policy 45 public transport provision. • reduce the need to travel; T2 Improving public transport linkages between Derby, • restrict unnecessary car usage; Leicester and Nottingham and to London, the rest of • manage the demand for travel; the East Midlands, and other key national cities such • as Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Sheffield. significantly improve the quality and quantity of public transport; and T3 Developing the transport infrastructure and services • needed to improve access to jobs and services from encourage cycling and walking for short journeys. deprived inner urban areas and outer estates, and also to identified Regeneration Zones. A Regional Strategy for Behavioural Change T4 Improving public transport surface access to 4.4.9 The Multi Modal Studies proposed a comprehensive Nottingham East Midlands Airport. package of soft measures designed to limit future T5 Developing opportunities for modal switch away growth in car usage. This approach should be taken from road based transport in the manufacturing, forward in the M1 corridor, and it should also be retail and freight distribution sectors. applied to the rest of the region, particularly in T6 Reducing congestion and improving safety along the urban areas. Even in many rural market towns, M1 corridor and the highway network generally. evidence suggests that there are a significant number of car journeys made of less than two miles. Such trips at least have the potential to be Reducing Traffic Growth in the East Midlands undertaken by alternative means, or made obsolete 4.4.7 Current levels of traffic are already contributing to a by changes in service provision. range of health, safety and environmental problems, 4.4.10 Better facilities aimed at encouraging increased including the production of greenhouse gasses such levels of cycling and walking for local journeys can as CO that contribute to climate change. 2 also make a substantial contribution to behavioural Congestion also continues to be a major cost to the change. In drawing up any proposals related to this regional economy. However, results of the Multi- local authorities should take into consideration the Modal Studies, information from the Highways measures suggested in the DfT publication Walking Agency and individual Transport Authorities have all and Cycling: an action plan (2004). indicated that traffic is set to grow in the East Midlands at around 1% per annum for the next 20 years. 4.4.8 While the Government’s primary aim is to reduce congestion on inter-urban routes and in main urban 50 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Policy 45 Policy 46

Behavioural Change Regional Priorities for Parking Levies and Road User The Regional Assembly, with Government, public and Charging local bodies, and service providers, should work together In developing proposals for the next round of Local to develop and implement measures for behavioural Transport Plans, all Highway Authorities should examine change to encourage a reduction in the need to travel the feasibility and appropriateness of introducing fiscal and to change public attitudes toward car usage and measures to reduce car usage. public transport, walking and cycling. Such measures Particular consideration should be given to introducing should be co-ordinated with the implementation of other such measures in the region’s Principal Urban Areas, policies in the RTS and in Local Transport Plans, and will and to environmentally sensitive areas experiencing high include: levels of traffic or traffic growth. • workplace and school travel plans, for both new and existing developments; • quality public transport partnerships; 4.4.12 Parking provision is also a key demand management • travel awareness programmes; tool. The planning system has a key role to play • educational programmes; and when determining how many spaces are permitted with new development. However, for this approach • pilot projects promoting innovations in teleworking to be effective complementary on-street parking and personalised travel plans. controls need to be developed. It will also be Development Plans, future Local Development desirable to reduce the need for long stay public car Frameworks and Local Transport Plans should also parking in most urban areas, whilst maintaining the include measures to encourage an increase in walking competitiveness of urban centres over out-of-town and cycling. Such measures should include the provision locations. Well designed and accessible park and ride of safe routes, convenient access to buildings and facilities, as suggested in Policy 4, can assist in this sufficient secure cycle parking in new developments. respect. Parking facilities should also be designed in a way that limits opportunities for car crime and enhances personal safety. 4.4.11 To complement this approach and take forward the objectives of PPG13 at a regional level, fiscal measures to restrict car usage may also need to be Policy 47 developed in some areas. The Transport Act 2000 gives powers to local authorities to implement Regional Car Parking Standards congestion charging and levy workplace parking Development Plans and future Local Development charges, with hypothecation of revenues for Frameworks should specify the maximum amounts of transport improvements. The Government is also vehicle parking for new development as set out in Appendix 7. planning to introduce a national Lorry Road User Charge by 2007—08. This will apply to all heavy Car parking facilities in excess of the maximum standards should only be provided in exceptional circumstances, for goods vehicles using UK roads. In the meantime, example where there are road safety or amenity Nottingham City Council is currently developing implications that cannot be resolved by controls or proposals for a Workplace Parking Levy. This enforcement or where a Transport Assessment indicates approach is fully supported by the recommendations that higher standards are appropriate. of the A453 MMS. It is unlikely that similar schemes In the region's Principal Urban Areas, net increases in will be appropriate outside the region’s Principal public car parking un-associated with development should Urban Areas. However selective road tolling or not be permitted unless it is demonstrated that: access charging could be a viable option in a variety • public transport, cycling or walking provision cannot be of circumstances, particularly in environmentally made adequate or a shortage of short stay parking is sensitive areas which are subject to high levels of the principal factor detracting from the vitality and seasonal traffic. viability of an area; or • excessive on-street parking is having an adverse effect on highway safety or residential amenity which cannot be reasonably resolved by other means; or • the nature of new car parking can shift from long stay spaces to high quality short stay provision; • it is linked to public transport provision, for example as part of a park and ride scheme. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 51

Regional Priorities for Public Transport and Route Utilisation Studies may offer alternative Infrastructure and Service Enhancement means of delivering some regional priorities, 4.4.13 A reduction in the growth of car usage will be particularly those identified through the M1 and achieved by a reduction in the growth of travel itself, A453 Multi-Modal Studies. and modal switch away from the private car towards other modes, including cycling and walking. To enable this, a huge step change in the quantity and Policy 49 quality of public transport will be needed. Investment is also required to support more Regional Heavy Rail Investment Priorities sustainable patterns of future development. The SRA/DfT Rail, Network Rail, local authorities, public bodies and train operating companies should work to 4.4.14 In order to guide the location of new development achieve improvements in rail passenger services. This and the provision of new public transport services will be supported by: and infrastructure, PPS11 recommends the • development of public transport accessibility criteria the delivery of the regional and sub-area based heavy for regionally or sub-regionally significant levels of rail investment priorities in Appendix 9 subject to full development. Such criteria are intended to help and detailed appraisal; determine whether a particular type of development • improvements to services and infrastructure secured in a given location was acceptable on the basis of through the re-franchising of contracts with train the level of public transport provision. operating companies consistent with RTS Objectives (Policy 42) and the relevant Sub-area Objectives; 4.4.15 Guidance on Accessibility Planning was published in • 2004 to help local authorities develop their Route Utilisation Strategies designed to improve accessibility strategy for the next round of Local performance and reliability by making better use of Transport Plans. It is recommended that authorities the network; and should initially carry out accessibility assessments • improvements in the performance and reliability of which would help inform the development of local existing rail services. targets for accessibility improvements. As part of their efforts authorities should work together to ensure consistency across their boundaries. It is Regional Priorities for Bus and Light Rail Services also acknowledged that there would be benefits in 4.4.18 Local bus services play a crucial role in enabling having some regional co-ordination of this work to access to jobs, education and training, community help determine regionally specific accessibility facilities and leisure opportunities, and so make an criteria to sites allocated in development plans. important contribution to combating social exclusion. In fact more passengers are carried by bus than any other mode of public transport in the East Midlands. Policy 48 However the dispersed and local nature of bus provision makes it difficult for service priorities to be A Regional Approach to Developing Public Transport set at regional level in all but the most general terms. Accessibility Criteria This is more properly the remit of Local Transport National and regional bodies should work with local Plans and Local Transport Authorities. authorities to develop a consistent regional methodology for determining public transport 4.4.19 However, bus services have a key role in improving accessibility criteria for inclusion in Development Plans public transport provision in the region’s Principal and Local Transport Plans. Urban Areas, the Growth Towns and Sub-Regional Centres, and in improving linkages between these settlements. In rural areas, buses are often the only Regional Heavy Rail Priorities viable form of public transport, and are crucial in 4.4.16 The Government’s plans for rail are outlined in the promoting linkages between market towns and White Papers, The Future of Rail and The Future of smaller settlements, and between urban and rural Transport. These include a target to improve areas generally. It is acknowledged that, despite a punctuality and reliability of rail services to at least number of nationally recognised examples of best 85% by 2006, with further improvements by 2008. practice, the current overall quality and quantity of local bus service provision in the East Midlands is 4.4.17 Because of the priorities of reducing the costs of the unacceptably low. It is also important that bus railway and improving performance, the SRA’s services should be better integrated with other forms investment proposals currently do not address all of of public transport, and that they become the regional aspirations of the East Midlands. recognisable as part of a coherent public transport However the current programme of Rail Capacity network. The provision of new infrastructure such as 52 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

dedicated bus lanes and raised kerbs for low-floor ticketing initiatives can therefore play a vital role in buses can also help to make bus travel more promoting the use of public transport. The attractive. integration of traditional public transport with services to support health, education and social care 4.4.20Light rail and guided bus systems, coupled with other can also increase opportunities to travel by non-car measures aimed at reducing traffic levels in urban modes, particularly in rural areas. areas such as road charging and parking levies, offer the opportunity to move large numbers of people 4.4.23 The development of public transport interchanges in into and within major urban areas in a sustainable both urban and rural areas can help to ensure a and cost effective manner. Line One of the smoother switch between services and modes. Nottingham Express Transit (NET) opened in March Public transport interchanges can also act as 2004. The M1 and A453 Multi-Modal Studies sustainable locations for new development. New recommended a number of extensions to the NET, development of a significant scale should include and also suggested the development of a new light provision for new public transport interchanges rail service in Leicester. where such facilities are not already present. 4.4.21 As a result of the increased levels of growth proposed 4.4.24 Both the M1 and A453 Multi Modal Studies in Northampton and the other three identified growth recommended the development of a series of new towns there will be a need to reduce the need to park and ride facilities on the outskirts of Derby, travel by integrating land use and transport planning, Leicester and Nottingham, linked either to heavy and a need to achieve a step change in the rail, light rail or bus services. These are designed to attractiveness of public transport. A number of reduce the level of car borne commuting into inner measures should be employed to bring this about urban areas. There has been some concern that including developing park and ride facilities around new heavy rail parkway stations could undermine Northampton and ensuring that all major new urban the role of traditional central stations, and the extensions are well served by, and have good access location of all park and ride facilities will have to be to, high quality public transport services. carefully determined. However, it is accepted that this approach has a key role to play in reducing traffic flows into the region’s Principal Urban Areas, Policy 50 particularly Derby, Leicester and Nottingham and along strategic transport corridors. Regional Priorities for Bus and Light Rail Services Local authorities, public bodies and service providers should work in partnership to increase the level of bus Policy 51 and light rail patronage at the regional level towards the national target of 12% by 2010 through: Regional Priorities for Integrating Public Transport • improving the quality and quantity of bus and coach Development Plans, future Local Development services within and between the region’s Principal Frameworks and Local Transport Plans should: Urban Areas and closely related settlements, the • promote the development of multi-modal through Growth Towns and Sub-Regional Centres identified in ticketing initiatives and the integration of public and Policy 5, and meeting identified local needs in rural other transport services supporting health, education areas consistent with Policy 6; and social care; • developing locally sensitive and innovative transport • promote the development of a hierarchy of public solutions where traditional bus services prove transport interchange facilities at key locations, inappropriate; starting with the Principal Urban Areas, the Growth • developing opportunities for new light rail and guided Towns and Sub-Regional Centres described in Policy 5; bus services; • promote safe and convenient access on foot and by • improving the quality and availability of travel cycle to public transport services; information; and • consider settlements with existing or proposed public • integrating bus and light rail services with other transport interchange facilities as locations for new transport modes. development, subject to full consideration of Policies 2 and 3; and • promote the development of new park and ride Regional Priorities for Integrating Public Transport facilities in appropriate locations to reduce traffic 4.4.22 Most journeys that are made by public transport congestion on routes into the region’s Principal Urban involve using more than one service or mode of Areas and along strategic transport corridors. travel. The development of multi-modal through REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 53

Highway Infrastructure Priorities Policy 53 4.4.25 Despite the focus on behavioural change and public transport provision, there will still be a need to Regional Major Highway Investment Priorities develop additional highway capacity in the region Local Transport Authorities, working closely with Local over the lifetime of the RTS in order to: Planning Authorities and national and regional bodies • meet travel demand that cannot be met by other should: means or is unavoidable; • work to progress the highway investment priorities in • support sustainable development objectives, Appendix 8 subject to full and detailed appraisal; particularly in areas identified for growth or • ensure that any additional highway schemes are regeneration; and consistent with RTS Objectives and the relevant Sub- • address the immediate problems of congestion area Objectives; and and safety in line with Government targets. • ensure that all highway capacity is managed National Motorway and Trunk Road Network effectively to reduce congestion and improve safety. 4.4.26 The Highways Agency has responsibility for the National Motorway and Trunk Road network in the Regional Priorities for Freight Transport East Midlands. However it is obliged to consult the 4.4.28The EMRLGA, emda and the Highways Agency jointly Regional Planning Body on all proposed investments Regional State of Freight Study in excess of £5 million, and to seek guidance from commissioned the in the Regional Planning Body in identifying future 2002 with Government support. The study provides investment priorities. a detailed snapshot of the current scale of freight activity within the region, for example: The recommendations of the various Multi-Modal and • There are approximately 140,000 heavy goods Road Based Studies have formed the basis of the vehicle movements from, through or within the regional trunk road investment priorities identified in region per day. 31% of these movements Table 1 of Appendix 8. Any additional schemes complete their entire journey within the region, resulting from the East to West Midlands and A52 22% represent transit traffic. Nottingham to Bingham Multi-Modal Studies will be considered when these studies are complete. • Rail carries 10% of the tonnage of land freight in the East Midlands. This equates to 12% of tonne kilometres. Rail also carries 16% of all freight that Policy 52 passes through the region. • The ports of Boston, Sutton Bridge, Fosdyke and Regional Trunk Road Investment Priorities Gainsborough carry relatively small volumes of The Highways Agency, working closely with regional freight. But their 2 million tonnes of bulk products, bodies and individual Transport Authorities and Local grain and steel make an important contribution to Planning Authorities should: the local economy by providing a cost effective • work to progress the trunk road investment priorities and sustainable alternative to road haulage. in Appendix 8 subject to full and detailed appraisal; • The River Trent carries approximately 250,000 • ensure that any additional trunk road schemes are tonnes per year, mainly gravel and similar consistent with RTS Objectives; and products. The River Nene carries about 60,000 • ensure that all highway capacity is managed tonnes per annum upstream from Sutton Bridge — effectively to reduce congestion and improve safety. mainly to Wisbech. • Nottingham East Midlands Airport handles the largest volume of freight of any airport outside The Local Road Network the London area. This has grown dramatically in 4.4.27 Local authorities are responsible for over 95% of recent years to reach 246,000 tonnes in 2003. the region's road network. This proportion will further increase as a result of the Government's 4.4.29 The Study also confirmed the strategic importance decision to transfer some existing trunk roads to of the East Midlands to the freight industry. In local authority control. This change will enable more particular, the Southern Sub-area is at the cross decisions about the development and management roads of many of the freight movements in the UK, of the road network to be made at a local level. The particularly those from the East Coast ports outside RTS nevertheless has an important role in providing the region. As a result the area around Lutterworth a strategic framework for those decisions and in in southern Leicestershire represents the largest ensuring the compatibility of schemes and measures concentration of storage and distribution facilities in in adjoining local authority areas. Western Europe. 54 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Developing a Regional Freight Strategy terms of both passenger and freight movements. 4.4.30A key objective of the Study was to identify Passenger numbers at NEMA have recently grown opportunities for modal shift away from road based significantly to over 4 million passengers per annum transport. It confirmed that rail is the most viable (ppa) in 2002/3. This growth is primarily due to the alternative to road for most freight movements and presence of low cost airlines offering additional that in order for this to be achieved, a number of services. However some parts of the East Midlands key constraints would need to be overcome. These look to Manchester, Birmingham, Luton, Stansted or include: Humberside as their most accessible airport. • the lack of inter-modal freight terminals within the Furthermore when the new airport near Doncaster region; begins operating, this will also have an impact on • the lack of main routes cleared to carry 9’6’’ the north of the region. There are also a number of containers; and smaller airports within the region that meet local business and general aviation needs. • a number of capacity pinch points on the existing rail network. 4.4.34The Government published its Aviation White Paper The Future of Air Transport in December 2003. This 4.4.31 In addition, there are a number of proposals which provides the national context for future airport could significantly unlock the potential of the development, including at NEMA. Expansion of region’s ports and improve the efficiency and passenger and freight operations at NEMA is environmental impact of road based freight. These supported in principle, but the impact of are outlined as part of the Sub-area Transport development proposals should be rigorously Investment Programme in Appendix 8. assessed. This should include consideration of noise, 4.4.32 However, it is recognised that infrastructure air quality, water quality, human health, landscape, enhancements alone will not secure a more biodiversity, natural resources and cultural assets, sustainable and efficient distribution industry. It is together with social and economic effects. also recognised that the majority of freight will still 4.4.35The M1 and A453 Multi-Modal Studies made need to be moved by road at some point. Even if a proposals for highway improvements which are significant modal shift from road to rail is achieved, robust up to around 8 million ppa at NEMA. These there will still be an increase in road based freight have been accepted in principle by Government, over the coming years. It is therefore proposed to although the lack of public transport linkages to develop a wider Regional Freight Strategy as a NEMA remains a cause for significant concern. The ‘daughter document’ of the RTS, which will include proposed East Midlands Parkway Station should consideration of soft measures such as better provide more opportunities for public transport information and signage and innovative approaches access. However, the development of a fixed public to freight management. This should take into transport link directly to NEMA should be consideration the important role played by NEMA in progressed as a priority. regional and strategic air freight.

Policy 55 Policy 54 Development at Nottingham East Midlands Airport Development of a Regional Freight Strategy The Regional Planning Body should work with emda, Development Plans, future Local Development transport authorities, other public bodies and Frameworks and Local Transport Plans should: representatives of the freight industry to develop a • provide for the further operational expansion of NEMA broadly based Regional Freight Strategy in order to within its boundaries subject to rigorous assessment of inform the next round of Local Transport Plans. the full range of impacts; • The Strategy should contain detailed proposals to consider the surface access needs of NEMA as part of promote a more sustainable and efficient distribution the wider transport strategy for the area, paying industry in the East Midlands and contribute to a particular regard to the role of public transport, cycling significant modal shift of freight from road to rail. and walking; • assess the measures necessary to increase the share Regional Priorities for Air Transport of trips to NEMA made by public transport in accordance with agreed targets; 4.4.33 The main regional airport is Nottingham East • Midlands Airport (NEMA) situated at Castle ensure that transport proposals are compatible with Donington, between Derby, Leicester and the need to create effective public transport links to Nottingham. It is a key national and regional asset in NEMA for the long-term; REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 55

and the Strategic Rail Authority. It is therefore vital • identify and safeguard land for improving access to that all those responsible for delivering the East NEMA, particularly by non-car modes, and including a Midlands RTS are held to account both to regional fixed rail link to support expansion in the long-term; bodies, and ultimately to Ministers. It is also important • give particular encouragement to the transfer of that infrastructure improvements are co-ordinated freight traffic generated by NEMA from road to rail; with behavioural change measures. Consideration of and proposed improvements to the M1 and A453 will be • seek to ensure that travel plans are brought forward particularly important in this respect. for new development at NEMA. 4.4.37 The Government has announced its intention in The Future of Transport to publish indicative guideline budgets for the English regions to enable them to The Implementation of the RTS offer a view of their priorities. This will enable 4.4.36 The effective implementation of the Regional regional and local stakeholders to help the Transport Strategy is of key importance. Many of the government to shape an integrated programme policies and proposals outlined above will be delivered which links transport, housing and re-generation. A though development plans and local transport plans. consultation exercise is currently being carried out However, much of the investment required, and it is likely that regional stakeholders will have a particularly in terms of infrastructure, will be strong influence on the development of the dependant on bodies such as the Highways Agency structures required to manage the process.

5 Regional Priorities for Monitoring & Review

National and Regional Policy Context between each review some parts of the RSS may 5.1.1 All Regional Planning Bodies have the responsibility also be reviewed if national policy or local of keeping the development of the RSS under circumstances require policy changes to be made. review, and to produce an Annual Monitoring 5.1.4 The first review of this Regional Spatial Strategy will Statement (AMS). In the East Midlands, the commence as soon as possible and the expectation is Regional Assembly is also committed to producing that a draft review will be published for consultation an annual State of the Region Report to monitor the in 2006 and a final version issued in late 2007/early implementation of the Integrated Regional Strategy 2008. This will cover the period up to 2026. as a whole. 5.1.5 Priority areas for the next review will include: Revised indicators and targets • revised housing provision figures based on the 5.1.2 The first AMS for the East Midlands was produced in latest official sub-national Household Projections; early 2003 on the basis of the existing RPG8 issued by the Secretary of State in January 2002. However, • employment land provision; and it proved very difficult to collect consistent and • the development of those Sub-Regional Spatial comprehensive data on the range of topics required. Strategies agreed with the Secretary of State and As a result the Regional Planning Body will devote regional partners. additional resources to monitoring in future years. A revised list of National Core Indicators is contained in Appendix 2, and Appendix 3 lists the key Policy 56 indicators and targets which should be used to Regional Priorities for Monitoring and Review measure the policies in this RSS. The AMS will also The Regional Planning Body, with the support of local include additional contextual indicators, which will authorities, and national and regional bodies should provide further detail in key policy areas. Further produce an Annual Monitoring Statement for RSS8 guidance is contained in the recently published which takes account of the indicators and targets in Monitoring Regional Spatial Strategies: Good Appendix 3. Practice Guidance on Targets and Indicators (ODPM 2005). The Regional Planning Body should ensure that the RSS is kept under review. A review should be undertaken at Review Priorities least once every five years. Earlier or partial reviews 5.1.3 It is anticipated that the RSS will need to be may also be appropriate, based on information derived reviewed at least once every five years to provide from the Annual Monitoring Statement or developments an up to date regional context for the development in national or regional policy. of Local Transport Plans. However in the period 56 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 6 Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-

The Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Region covers the sub-region to develop proposed Alterations to parts of three regions including the whole of Regional Planning Guidance for the South East, East Northamptonshire in the East Midlands. This section Midlands and East of England. includes the whole of Part A and Part B for Northamptonshire of the Sub-Regional Strategy, but not the 5. In July 2001 consultants were commissioned by the rest of Part B which covers areas outside the East Midlands. Government and the Regional Assemblies and Regional Development Agencies for the South East, The Sub-Regional Strategy has also been published as a East of England and the East Midlands to study the complete document and the parts reproduced in the RSS growth potential of the MKSM area. The final report have been included to recognise their status as formally (The Milton Keynes and South Midlands Study) was part of the RSS. However to avoid confusion the Sub- published in September 2002. The report concluded Regional Strategy's numbering has been retained in this that the area had considerable potential for section and therefore the numbering of Part B is not sustainable economic growth over the next 30 years consecutive with Part A. Figures 2-5 are also not included which would be of benefit both locally and nationally. as they refer to areas outside the region. Having examined the possible outcome of a number of Introduction economic growth scenarios it concluded that the area could grow at the ‘high growth’ scenario. This would 1. The Regional Planning Guidance for the South East generate from 230,000—300,000 jobs by 2031 (RPG9, March 2001) identifies the general area of Milton compared with some 150,000 jobs if current planning Keynes and the South Midlands as one of four potential policies continued. Without this change in current major growth areas in the wider South East. The others policy there would have been a worsening imbalance identified are London—Stansted—Peterborough— between jobs and resident workers in most parts of the Cambridge, Ashford and the Thames Gateway. RPG9 MKSM area, leading to increased commuting by private proposed undertaking a Sub-Regional study to transport. At a strategic level, the extent of growth investigate what the nature, possible extent and identified in the study is not exceptional in relation to location of future growth might be within the Milton past trends. Keynes and South Midlands (MKSM) area. 6. The study evaluated four options for distributing 2. The wider context for the Sub-Regional Strategy is set by the Government’s Sustainable Communities Plan growth: dispersed growth on the basis of existing (February 2003). This seeks to accommodate the policies; urban concentration based on four centres economic success of London and the wider South East (Milton Keynes, Northampton, Bedford and and ensure that the international competitiveness of Luton/Dunstable/Houghton Regis); a corridor option the area is sustained, identifying a key role for the four based on the Midland Main Line and the West Coast growth areas. Specifically, the Sustainable Main Line; and a metropolitan double centre focused Communities Plan seeks to address a number of on Northampton and Milton Keynes. Evaluation strategic challenges facing the South East: suggested that the 3rd and 4th were most in line with • to increase housing supply by providing for the sustainable development principles but failed to region’s growing population, turning around the address economic development needs in key locations. trend in house completions, improving the match A ‘preferred option’ was therefore developed, focusing between housing needs and provision, and making on Northampton, Milton Keynes, Bedford, better use of land; Luton/Dunstable/Houghton Regis, and • to make home ownership more affordable; Corby/Kettering/Wellingborough. Growth is also identified for Aylesbury Vale. The advantages of this • to tackle transport and other infrastructure issues; option, as noted at paragraph 6.63 of the MKSM Study, • to address issues concerning skills and the labour are: market; • the scale of economic growth it delivers; • to tackle deprivation and the need for urban renewal • the focus on growth in the main urban centres and 3. The Sustainable Communities Plan makes clear that prospects for their improvement; where new or expanded communities are needed, • a better balance (than other options) between the these should be sustainable, well-designed, high-quality location of jobs and workers; and attractive places where people will choose to live and work. • the potential for regeneration of key centres which are struggling; and The evolution of the Sub-Regional Strategy • the ability to deliver significant improvements to public transport, with real opportunities for 4. The Sub-Regional Strategy has been prepared in achieving a shift away from car borne journeys. response to the Government’s request to the three Regional Planning Bodies whose areas cover parts of 7. Following on from the MKSM Study, consultants were REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 57 Regional Strategy

appointed to carry out individual ‘Growth Area • inform the preparation or reviews of Community Assessments’ (GAAs) of the main growth points. The Strategies, the Regional Economic Strategies, the purposes of these assessments were to test the Regional Housing Strategies and other operational feasibility and timing of growth that would be plans and policies of bodies responsible for appropriate for future strategic planning to 2021 (2016 undertaking investment in the public, private and in the cases of Milton Keynes and Aylesbury); to voluntary sectors, including the delivery bodies. provide confirmation of a recommended broad pattern, timing and phasing of development; to determine how Format and content of the Sub-Regional Strategy much growth is capable of being accommodated in the urban areas; and to provide guidance on how the area 10. The Sub-Regional Strategy comprises an overarching could be developed in the most sustainable way. All of strategy and key spatial diagram for the whole of the the GAAs recommended a preferred spatial Sub-Region (Part A) and a set of separate statements development scenario for their area to 2016/2021 and providing more specific guidance for all of the growth looked further ahead to 2031 to ensure that there towns (Part B). would be potential for the longer term. The collection 11. The Sub-Regional Strategy is focused on these growth of individual development scenarios then formed the towns and does not seek to duplicate other topics basis for the Sub-Regional Strategy. For Bedford and covered in national or regional guidance. the Marston Vale, the Growth Area Assessment concluded that a growth rate closer to the MKSM Key characteristics of the Sub-Region Study Trend Growth Option is more plausible — at least initially — than the high growth option in the Bedford 12. The MKSM Sub-Region is located in southern central context, given the historically low rates of delivery and England, between London and the wider Midlands. It need to address slow economic growth. A trend growth has a population of 1.5 million and covers 4,850 sq. option was also adopted for Kettering to avoid km. Its largest urban centres are Milton Keynes, development in areas where it may be likely to have a Northampton, Luton — Dunstable — Houghton Regis negative impact. and Bedford — Kempston. The Sub-Region straddles three regions: the East of England, the East Midlands 8. The overall effect of the GAAs has been to and the South East. demonstrate that there is strategic capacity for growth on the scale indicated by the MKSM study, with certain 13. Some of the key characteristics of the Sub-Region are: minor exceptions. The site specific issues now need to • there is no dominant focus or urban centre; be considered through the preparation of LDDs, with • economic growth rates have been high, but uneven, any site allocations being identified in Development with Milton Keynes and Northampton developing Plan Documents (DPDs), to take forward the strategic more balanced economies while difficulties in policies of the Sub-Regional Strategy. Where achieving structural changes have held back growth appropriate, the detail provided by the GAAs and the in other centres, particularly Bedford, Corby and work undertaken for the Sub-Regional Strategy should Luton; inform the speedy production of LDDs. • there is a need to improve transport and community infrastructure: for example the transport network Purposes of the Sub-Regional Strategy has weak east-west links, public transport is in need of substantial improvement and there is a need to 9. Accordingly, the purposes of the Sub-Regional Strategy expand the capacity of health and social care are: services and higher and further education provision; • to provide strategic guidance on the scale, location • there is a need to diversify the sub-region’s local and timing of development and associated economies and attract new economic sectors and employment, transport, and other infrastructure to grow local and Sub-Regional clusters. This should 2021 and the necessary delivery mechanisms; and include higher value knowledge-based activities and • to provide a longer-term perspective for the sub- there is a need to raise the skills of the local region to 2031 in the form of uncommitted planning workforce to meet these opportunities; and assumptions subject to later review. • the Sub-Region contains environmental assets of national importance (e.g. the Chilterns AONB), as The Sub-Regional Strategy will, as revisions to the well as features of regional interest (e.g. the Nene three Regional Spatial Strategies, also: and Great Ouse Valleys and Marston Vale and • provide the necessary strategic guidance for Local Rockingham Forests), and its countryside and rural Planning Authorities in preparing Local Development settlements have a rich and varied character. Documents (LDDs) which, together, will provide a clear planning framework for implementing the proposals of the Sub-Regional Strategy; 58 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Part A Statement: The Strategy for the Milton Keynes-South Midlands Sub-Region

Figure 1: Milton Keynes & South Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy Spatial Diagram

Luton, Dunstable, Houghton Regis & Leighton Linslade 26,300 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 59

Section 1: The Spatial Framework

Objectives of the Sub-Regional Strategy

14. The objectives of the Sub-Regional Strategy are: • to achieve a major increase in the number of new homes provided in the area, meeting needs for affordable housing and a range of types and sizes of market housing; • to provide for a commensurate level of economic growth and developing skills in the workforce, particularly in the high value, knowledge-based sectors; • to locate development in the main urban areas to support urban renaissance, regeneration of deprived areas, recycling of land and sustainable patterns of travel; • to ensure that development contributes to an improved environment, by requiring high standards of design and sustainable construction, protecting and enhancing environmental assets (including landscape and biodiversity) and providing green space and related infrastructure (green infrastructure); • to meet existing infrastructure needs and provide for requirements generated by new development, by investing in new and improved infrastructure, by planning to reduce the need to travel and by creating a shift to more sustainable modes of travel; and • to create sustainable communities by ensuring that economic, environmental, social and cultural infrastructure needs are met in step with growth.

Locations for growth

15. To help achieve the above objectives the majority of development in the sub-region will be focused at the following towns: • Aylesbury, which should grow through strengthening and extending its traditional role as a county and market town, including urban renaissance of the centre that will allow it to meet the demands of a larger population. In parallel Aylesbury should provide high added value employment opportunities to complement its growing population. • Bedford/Kempston/Northern Marston Vale, where the emphasis should be on strengthening the role of this key centre through economic regeneration and growth. Priorities will be urban renaissance, improved economic performance and harnessing the potential of the northern Marston Vale; 60 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

• Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough, which will 16. At all of these towns growth and development will be grow in a complementary way, while retaining their underpinned by the more effective use of previously- separate identities. At Corby the emphasis will be on developed land; the building of a range of high quality the regeneration of the town centre. At Kettering and housing in sustainable locations; the attraction and Wellingborough the emphasis will be on managing provision of a range of good quality jobs; the growth and job creation in a sustainable way that provision of necessary services in the fields of realises their potential; education and training, health and social care, • Luton/Dunstable/Houghton Regis, where the recreation, and other community activities; and the emphasis should be on building the principal growth provision of high quality green infrastructure of all towns into a vibrant, culturally diversified conurbation kinds. Underpinning all this will be an integrated with a major improvement in the local economy and approach to accessibility, aiming at reducing skills base, and capacity to meet housing need. This dependence on private car use through an should be achieved through economic regeneration improvement in public transport provision (including across the urban area, making the most of its location movement within and between the main centres), close to London and other economic drivers in the walking and cycling. South East and its good transport links. Leighton Linslade will absorb a proportion of the growth 17. Levels of growth to 2021 will require the commitment allocated to Luton/Dunstable/Houghton Regis in a of substantial levels of resources to deliver many way that complements these aims and makes the kinds of necessary strategic infrastructure, both to most of its location between Luton/Dunstable/ serve the new developments and to make good a Houghton Regis and Milton Keynes; number of existing deficiencies. Appropriate • Milton Keynes, which will embrace its growth contributions will be required from many sources, potential to mature as a major regional centre, both in the private and public sectors. Unless these particularly through the substantial development of needs are met it may not be possible to provide the its central area, supported by a significantly enhanced levels of housing and economic growth set out in the public transport system to facilitate and support Sub-Regional Strategy. This will be an important growth in major development areas; matter for review by the Regional Assemblies and the • Northampton, which will continue to grow in stature delivery bodies. as an important regional centre with a key emphasis on renaissance of the town centre and major enhancement of the public transport network.

MKSM Strategic Policy 1: The Spatial Framework — Locations for Growth

The majority of development in the Sub-Region will be focused at the following growth towns. Provision is encouraged to be made from the urban areas including sustainable urban extensions well served by public transport. The figures stated below are for new homes at the main towns only, they do not cover the whole of the administrative area(s) in which the towns are located. Sub-Regional Total 2001–2021 Aylesbury 15,000 Bedford, Kempson and Northern Marston Vale 19,500 Corby, Kettering & Wellingborough 34,100 Luton/Dunstable & Houghton Regis (with Leighton Linslade) 26,300 Milton Keynes 44,900 Northampton 30,000 MKSM Growth Town Total 169,800

[All figures are rounded to the nearest 50] REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 61

Other Locations in the Sub-Region Aylesbury 8,500 Bedford/Kempston/Northern Marston Vale 10,000 18. Although growth will be focused at the above locations, there will continue to be some development Corby/Kettering/Wellingborough 28,000 in other parts of the Sub-Region, such as Daventry Luton/Dunstable/Houghton Regis and Towcester. Some limited reference is made to this (with Leighton Linslade) 15,400 within the strategy under Part B Statements, but Milton Keynes 23,700 most will be a matter for local determination through LDDs within overall District allocations. Following Northampton 17,500 further cross-boundary investigation, it will be for future reviews of Regional Spatial Strategies to Strategy For Movement identify any key areas that may lie just beyond the 23. The movement needs of the growth area will increase growth area boundary, but that are sustainable and in future, placing further demands on congested with the potential to contribute to housing delivery. roads and inadequate infrastructure. Consistent with Employment the priorities in the Regional Transport Strategies, the strategy for the growth area will involve: 19. Housing growth at the six main towns to 2021 will be • encouraging shift towards more sustainable modes monitored against progress in moving towards of travel; achieving the following overall net levels of • employment growth by the same date: taking advantage of major improvements to the capacity, quality and accessibility of key public Aylesbury Vale District (for Aylesbury growth town) 12,690 transport facilities; • Bedford Borough and Mid Beds District increasingly applying demand management (for Bedford growth town) 19,800 approaches to influence travel behaviour and Corby, Kettering, Wellingborough Boroughs, protect the capacity of the strategic highway and East Northants District 43,800 network; and • Luton Borough and South Beds District investing in highway improvements to ensure that (for Luton/Dunstable/Houghton Regis strategically important movements are carried growth towns) 12,600 efficiently. Milton Keynes Borough 24. Notwithstanding the priority for reducing the Sub- (for Milton Keynes growth town) 44,900 Region’s dependence on increasing road traffic, and Northampton Borough and South Northants for moving to more sustainable travel patterns, the and Daventry Districts 37,200 growth area aspirations will require significant 20. The above employment figures are reference values infrastructure investment. If these requirements are to be used only for monitoring and reviewing the Sub- not met, additional measures are likely to be required Regional Strategy as a whole, not as targets to achieve the levels of housing and economic growth specifically related to individual areas or phases of envisaged. housing development. The monitoring figures are not 25. The strategic elements of transport infrastructure for intended to be a constraint to economic development the Sub-Region are those that: and will be subject to review. • connect the Sub-Region to key urban centres, 21. Monitoring will also complement the Regional transport nodes or gateways of a national/ Economic Strategies and support their European scale — for example to London and implementation and review. Birmingham as urban centres, or the Haven Ports Growth to 2031 (Felixstowe/Harwich) and London Airports as gateways; 22. Provisional planning assumptions about further levels • connect the Sub-Region and its Sub-Areas to of housing growth at the above towns in the period nearby urban centres and gateways outside the 2021-31, are set out below. These are intended to Sub-Region — for example to Cambridge, Oxford, provide a longer term perspective for infrastructure Birmingham Airport; and and development planning but are without commitment at this stage and will be subject to • connect the growth locations and other future review taking account of such factors as the centres/gateways within the Sub-Region — for Barker Review. example Milton Keynes with Bedford/Kempston. 62 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

26. An indication of investment priorities for strategic MKSM Strategic Policy 2: The Spatial transport infrastructure and the timescales for Framework — Strategic Transport implementation are given below in Figure 2. The Part Infrastructure B Statements detail Sub-Area transport infrastructure priorities. Strategic communications infrastructure will be 27. The schemes identified in Figure 2 and in the tables in improved. The key schemes for implementation and/or the Part B statements, which indicate transport development to 2031 are set out in Figure 2 and include: priorities for the Sub-Areas, have been categorised • improvements to east-west movement by public into ‘committed’, ‘under consideration’ and ‘for future transport; consideration’. Committed schemes are those that are • included in either the Highways Agency’s Targeted improvements to the A14 including its junction with Programme of Improvements, fully or provisionally the M1/ M6 motorway; accepted in the Local Transport Plan process or • improvements to the A45; identified in the Strategic Plan for the Railways. • improvements to the A421; Schemes identified as being under consideration have • improvements to the A428 east-west route; indicative timelines assigned to them. Decisions on • whether they are taken forward and, if so, in what modernisation of the West Coast Main Line; timescale will be informed by the outcome of the • enhancements to the Midland Main Line including considerations underway. Schemes shown as being Thameslink 2000; ‘for future consideration’ are included to indicate • widening of the M1 motorway; possible future priorities rather than current • a Northern Bypass to Dunstable; priorities. In all cases schemes are subject to the • usual completion of statutory processes and funding improvements to the A418; approval. • improvements to the A4146.

East-West Rail

28. The growth anticipated in this area means that further proposals for improving public transport will need to be developed and implemented alongside plans for new housing. The Government will support a study by key partners covering transport and growth in this corridor. This study will include examination of the wider and long term private funding options for improving public transport in this corridor. Any decision on the East-West Rail (Western Section) will need to be informed by the outcome of this study. 29. East-West Rail east of Bedford can only be considered in the longer term as one possibility for improving public transport in the Bedford to Cambridge/ Stansted corridor. Other passenger transport options need to be considered that may be more feasible. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 63

MKSM Figure 2: Milton Keynes & South Midlands — Strategic Transport Infrastructure Priorities Scheme Delivery Lead Status* 2002-06 2007-11 2012-16 2017-21 Org. Rail Midland Main Line Route Utilisation Outputs DfT NR Committed Thameslink 2000 DfT NR West Coast Main Line Modernisation DfT NR Committed East-West Rail Under (Oxford to Bedford) DfT NR consideration East-West Rail Under (Aylesbury to Bletchley) DfT NR consideration East-West Rail For future (Bedford to Cambridge/Stansted) DfT NR consideration WCML Enhancements to For future MK & Northampton services DfT NR consideration Kettering to Corby Passenger Rail DfT NR For future consideration Road1 M1 Junction 19 Improvement TPI HA Committed A421 M1 J13 to Bedford TPI HA Committed A421 Great Barford Bypass TPI HA Committed M1 Widening J6a-10 TPI HA Committed M1 Widening J10-13 TPI HA Committed Dunstable Northern Bypass (A5-M1) TPI HA Committed A4146 Stoke Hammond to Linslade Western Bypass LTP LA Committed A421 J13 to Milton Keynes LTP LA Under consideration M1 Junction 14 Improvement TPI HA Under consideration A14 M1 to Kettering TPI HA Under consideration A14 Kettering Bypass TPI HA Under consideration A14 Kettering to Ellington TPI HA Under consideration A45 Stanwick to Thrapston TPI HA Under consideration A428 A1 to Caxton TPI HA Under consideration A418 Aylesbury to Wing LTP LA Under consideration A421 Tingewick to Milton Keynes LTP LA Under consideration A45 (M1 Junction 15) A43 to Stanwick TPI HA For future consideration M1 Widening J13 — 19 TPI HA For future consideration

Key: Targeted Programme of Improvements TPI *Committed schemes are those that are included in either the Highways Agency’s Targeted Programme of Improvements, fully or provisionally accepted in the Local Transport Plan Highways Agency HA process or identified in the Strategic Plan for the Railways. Schemes identified as being Department for Transport Rail Strategy DfT under consideration have indicative timelines assigned to them. Decisions on whether they Network Rail NR are taken forward and, if so, in what timescale will be informed by the outcome of the considerations underway. Schemes shown as being ‘for future consideration’ are included Local Transport Plan Major Scheme LTP to indicate possible future priorities rather than current priorities. In all cases schemes are Local Authority LA subject to the usual completion of statutory processes and funding approval.

Figure 2 does not take account of bids put forward by the Regional Assemblies in early 2005 for Community Infrastructure Fund support in 2006/07 and 2007/08.

1 The motorway and trunk road network is now broken down into two categories, roads of predominantly national and international importance (i.e. M1 and A14) and routes of predominantly regional importance (i.e. A5, A421, A43 and A45). On the latter category, decisions on most schemes starting after 2007/08 will take account of advice from the regions. 64 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Section 2: Sustainable Communities planning, design and long-term stewardship of their community, and an active voluntary and community Sustainable Communities for the Sub-Region sector; and • strong leadership to respond positively to change. 30. As a growth area, the Sub-Region will undergo more change and development than many other areas. 32. These requirements are largely dealt with in national Change is key to all aspects of sustainable and regional guidance. However, it is important that development. It is important, therefore, that the every aspect of the growth area strategy is focused growth area acts as a driver of sustainable on delivering them. The following subsections show development, rather than running counter to it. The how this will be approached. strategy provides many opportunities to do this, through the way development is planned and carried A Flourishing Economy out, and through the resources and activity it will 33. Being at the heart of two key corridors, London- bring to the area. Birmingham and the ‘oxford2cambridge arc’, the Sub- 31. In building sustainable communities, the following are Region is well placed, in a national spatial sense, to key requirements: build its economic prosperity. • a flourishing local economy to provide jobs and 34. The Sub-Region is characterised by a diverse wealth; economic structure with a mix of employment • good quality local public services, including sectors, some expanding, some in decline. They all education and training opportunities, health and have some form of spatial distribution. For all sectors, social care and community services and facilities, the development of learning and skills and the especially for leisure; sustainable location of jobs will go hand in hand to • a safe, healthy local environment with well- drive the sector’s success. designed public and green space; 35. Growth Sectors: There are several dynamic • urban areas that relate well to the surrounding employment sectors in the Sub-Region that will be landscape and contribute to maintaining and promoted to secure continued growth. Although enhancing environmental assets as a cultural and together the sectors are key to the Sub-Region’s recreational resource, and as resources for economic prosperity, there will be spatial elements to biodiversity; their growth and retention. The Sub-Region’s growth • sufficient size, scale and density of development, sectors include: and of the right layout to support basic amenities • High Performance Automotive in neighbourhoods and minimise the use of • Creative Industries resources (including land); • Other knowledge-based Industries • neighbourhoods which are designed to minimise • crime and anti–social behaviour; Food and Drink • • good public transport and other transport Freight and Logistics infrastructure, both within communities and linking • Health and Social Care to urban, rural and regional centres; • Tourism • an urban fabric and individual buildings which can • Airport Services meet different needs over time, which minimise the use of energy, water, and other natural resources, 36. Sectors in Transition: Some sectors face structural facilitate the reduction, recycling and sustainable challenges over the next 30 years but will continue to management of waste and contribute to improved play an important role in the Sub-Region’s economy: air and water quality; • Aviation Sector • a well-integrated mix of decent homes of different • Manufacturing Sector types and tenures to support a range of household • Primary Industries (Agriculture and Forestry) sizes, ages and incomes; 37. The three Regional Economic Strategies, prepared by • a diverse, vibrant and creative local culture, the Regional Development Agencies, will be the encouraging pride in the community and cohesion principal strategic means of building prosperity within it; through sector development, focused regeneration • a ‘sense of place’; activity and improving the employment skills, • effective engagement and participation by local enterprise, high tech communications and innovation people, groups and businesses, especially in the base across the Sub-Region and its Sub-Areas. The REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 65

‘oxford2cambridge arc’ initiative will also play an vary in each area depending on the scale of important role. This initiative aims to develop a development, proximity to existing provision and knowledge-based internationally competitive sub- socio-demographic characteristics. The size, scale and region that builds from the centres of research and density of development should be sufficient, and the development excellence at Oxford and Cambridge layout right, to support basic amenities in the universities and capitalises on the benefits for neighbourhood. The costs and land-take implications economic development to the broad area between will vary accordingly. Detailed evaluation of these them. Its geography coincides with the Sub-Region. issues will be necessary by service providers. 38. In those parts of the Sub-Region where there is an Particular emphasis will be placed on the provision of: anticipated shortfall in supply of land for employment Education and training uses, additional employment land will need to be identified through the LDD process to meet 43. The phased provision of primary and secondary anticipated demand. Although other parts of the Sub- education, along with early years and lifelong Region appear to have a more than adequate supply learning, will be made throughout the Sub-Region, to of land for employment uses for the period covered meet the demands associated with the significant by this guidance, all local planning authorities should increase in population. appraise the quality of employment land to ensure 44. Further and higher education resources need to be that allocations are of sufficient quality to meet expanded to serve the increasing education and market expectations in relation to the demands of the training needs of the Sub-Region’s population, and to growth sectors identified above. provide the increase in skills and qualifications the 39. Co-ordinated marketing, promotion and support workforce will need. The effective collaboration of activities will be required to help attract and retain existing institutions is needed to achieve this. Further the necessary investment and jobs required to realise and higher education provision must be in easily the Sub-Region’s economic potential. accessible locations and it has a key part to play in the Sub-Region’s growth, in the context of increasing Sustainable Movement its knowledge-based economy, and providing properly resourced university facilities of a scale and 40. As part of the strategy for improving sustainable excellence befitting a major growth area. transport in the Sub-Region (see ‘Strategy for Movement’ earlier in document), a local-level priority Health and Social Care for each of the six main growth locations will be to 45. The trend in health and social care is to deliver develop high-quality, comprehensive public transport services as near to the patient’s home as possible, systems. Such systems should connect homes and reducing the time spent in hospital and promoting workplaces, town centres, schools and other key independence. At the same time, where hospital care attractors, and interchanges to improve access to the is required, patients are being supported to exercise inter-urban rail network. These systems should be informed choice from a range of providers in both the accompanied by improvements in pedestrian public and independent sectors. Over the next thirty circulation and facilities for cycle use, together with years this will require significant changes in the appropriate traffic management measures, in order to configuration of services. In particular, while achieve a significant modal shift away from car use. secondary and tertiary care will expand, provision should be focused on new and expanded primary and 41. Where sustainable urban extensions or other major community health and social care facilities. developments are planned, measures will need to be incorporated from the outset to promote sustainable 46. In order to ensure the availability of the trained and travel patterns. In particular strong public transport specialist staff required, a major expansion of health connections to town centres and employment areas related training and education will be needed, will need to be provided. It will also be important for whether through new institutions or increased developments to connect into and where possible provision by existing ones. enhance existing footpath, cycleway and bridlepath Community Facilities networks. 47. A full range of community facilities will also be Community Infrastructure needed throughout the Sub-Region. These include: childcare; community centres; fire and rescue 42. In order both to address the deficit of the past and to stations; leisure centres; libraries; police stations; ensure sustainable communities in the future, good social services facilities; and waste and recycling quality public services will be provided throughout facilities. The scale and nature of provision will vary in the Sub-Region. The scale and nature of provision will each area depending on the scale of development, 66 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

proximity to existing provision and socio-demographic and management for the benefit of an increased characteristics. The costs and land-take implications population. will vary accordingly. Detailed and early evaluation of 52. The provision of green infrastructure needs to be these issues will be necessary by service providers. addressed in planning development throughout the Affordable Housing Sub-Region so as to ensure a net gain to meet the 48. Development in the Sub-Region should aim to make needs generated by growth and, where relevant, help home ownership more affordable by increasing to address existing deficiencies. This may take the housing supply of the right type in the right place. form of protection, enhancement or extension of The increase in housing supply within the Sub-Region existing resources, or the provision of new or is intended to help accommodate the growing replacement facilities. Green infrastructure includes economic success of London and the wider South recreational and sports facilities, pathways and East and its housing demand. Coupled with this, the routes, natural and historic sites, canals and water provision of affordable housing will be a key element spaces, as well as accessible countryside. A network of multi-function green spaces in urban areas, the in the development of sustainable communities countryside in and around towns and the wider across the growth area. As with all new housing countryside needs to be established. It will also be developments, decisions on the amount of social important to ensure that the character and diversity rented housing and housing for low cost home of the wider countryside is protected and, wherever ownership should reflect assessments of the current possible, enhanced. and likely future housing needs in the area. Utilities 49. One of the main sources of public funding for affordable housing is through the Housing 53. The planned growth will result in increased demand Corporation Approved Development Programme for water. Demand management to achieve savings on (ADP). Regional Housing Boards (RHBs) identify the water usage per property is an essential part of this priorities used by the Housing Corporation to select strategy, with a target saving of 25% on water bids for funding. In this way the ADP investment is consumption for new housing. Meeting the demand targeted on local and regional investment priorities. for water, as part of wider regional needs is likely to The RHBs should reflect this Sub-Regional Strategy entail major development outside the Sub-Region, the when developing their regional housing strategies. impacts of which will need to be carefully assessed. Local Delivery Vehicles and local authorities will also Utilities must work with the Environment Agency and work with public and private partners to deliver other key stakeholders on water management issues — including supply, wastewater, drainage and river affordable housing. quality — to ensure that environmental standards are Environment and Green Infrastructure not compromised. Progress in providing strategic 50. Advantage needs to be taken of the opportunities of water infrastructure and managing water resources the Sub-Region’s growth to create advances in will need to be monitored as it may affect the rate of sustainability. This will involve promoting the highest growth that can be realised within the Sub-Region. standards of environmental performance, not only in 54. The growth areas will require a strategic approach the design of new buildings but also in and investment programme for waste water and masterplanning and managing development. An surface water drainage management which takes a integrated approach is required in which resource co-ordinated approach to land drainage, nature efficiency, including water use, opportunities for use conservation, landscape management and open space of renewables, waste reduction, emissions reduction, provision, so that catchment flood risk is not protecting and promoting biodiversity and creating increased and water quality does not deteriorate as a attractive, healthy and safe places to live are result of the cumulative impacts of development. considered at the earliest stage. What is achievable at any given location will depend on local circumstances 55. Utility providers are under an obligation to plan and the scale of development taking place, but adequately in response to growth and strengthen infrastructure provision as required. However other innovative solutions need to be encouraged at every stakeholders such as the Environment Agency, level. industry regulators (e.g. OfWAT, OfGEM) and Local 51. The Sub-Region’s important environmental and Authorities have a significant influence on utility cultural assets, some of which are of national or provision. Local Delivery Vehicles should engage with regional significance, need not only to be protected relevant utility providers, and with other key but also, where appropriate, enhanced. The growth stakeholders if required, as an early priority to ensure area provides opportunities for this, and for access that local needs are addressed. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 67

MKSM Strategic Policy 3: Sustainable Communities

Sustainable Communities will be achieved in the Sub- Region through the implementation of development in accordance with the following principles: • designing attractive cities, towns and public places; • promoting the highest standards of environmental performance, including all aspects of water resource management; • ensuring good accessibility and providing better public transport; • facilitating safe and convenient movement on foot and by cycle; • reducing reliance on car-based transport; • maximising the opportunities afforded by growth to facilitate the regeneration of deprived communities; • protecting, enhancing, and increasing the Sub- Region’s stock of strategic environmental and cultural assets; • providing green infrastructure for existing and expanding communities, including access to green space that promotes healthy lifestyles and can be used for formal and informal recreation and educational purposes; • ensuring that the countryside in and around towns is sensitively designed to assimilate urban extensions into the landscape and accommodate links to and from the wider countryside; • improving skills levels, enterprise, and innovation support; • ensuring a supply of housing of the right types, sizes and tenure, and providing a step change in both the quantity and quality of affordable housing to meet the needs of the Sub-Region; • providing the social (e.g. primary, secondary, further and higher education, health and social care) and environmental (e.g. water supply and treatment) infrastructure in accordance with current deficits and additional demands; • managing and reducing demand where appropriate (e.g. demand for water); • taking advantage of development opportunities for different scales of renewable energy in the Sub- Region; • providing high quality employment land and premises which meets the needs of growing industries; • maximising the contribution of previously developed land to the Sub-Region’s growth; • promoting and facilitating community development through the active involvement of the voluntary and community sectors; and • ensuring improved community safety. 68 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Section 3: Effective Delivery location but different models of LDV will be established to reflect local circumstances. Each LDV Mechanisms for implementation will be expected to pool powers, resources and expertise and strong partnerships with local 56. A new approach is needed to deliver the growth and authorities and others will ensure local accountability. sustainable communities aspirations across the Sub- 61. Each LDV is being established for long-term operation Region. This will require strong partnership working, but allows for evolution as times change. There will be between Government and others, to deliver the a Business Plan for each LDV, guided by this Sub- necessary investment. Regional Strategy and emerging LDDs. MKSM Inter-Regional Board Local Development Documents (LDDs) 57. An MKSM Inter-Regional Board has been established 62. Putting in place LDDs to define how growth is to be to ensure that all agencies deliver the investment and delivered is a key priority. Where growth includes policy commitment to meet the objectives, policies development across administrative boundaries there and proposals of this Strategy. Chaired by the sponsor should be a presumption in favour of preparation of Government minister, it brings together local Joint LDDs. Likely locations for this approach in the authorities (at political level), along with Government Sub-Region are: agencies and other key Sub-Regional stakeholders, • Bedford and Mid Bedfordshire (to integrate plans for including the Local Delivery Vehicles (LDVs). the northern Marston Vale); 58. Its terms of reference include securing the timely • Luton, South Bedfordshire and North Hertfordshire delivery of infrastructure and services necessary for (to plan for Luton — Dunstable — Houghton Regis sustainable growth in the Sub-Region. The Board will and Leighton Linslade), together with Aylesbury establish the infrastructure priorities required to Vale in respect of Leighton Linslade; deliver the growth area proposals and monitor their • Northampton, Daventry and South implementation. The work of the Board will focus on Northamptonshire (to help co-ordinate the the cross-regional investment and infrastructure that development of the Northampton Implementation cannot be secured by LDVs. A key issue for early Area and address common issues); consideration will be the need for a consistent and • a combination of Corby, Kettering, Wellingborough effective approach to developer contributions. and East Northamptonshire (to reflect common Coherence will be enhanced if major proposals are issues across this complex growth location); dealt with similarly across the Sub-Region, and • Milton Keynes, Aylesbury Vale, and Mid-Bedfordshire competition between the component growth areas (with reference to the Milton Keynes growth should be avoided. It will be for the Regional location). Assemblies to consider what further sub-regional guidance may be required, and to advise the Board Master Plans/Strategic Development Briefs accordingly. 63. A masterplanning approach, developed with appropriate consultation and appraisal, will be Regional Housing Boards required for all the sustainable urban extensions and 59. Each region has a Regional Housing Board to take for other major urban developments, sufficient to (a) forward the Government’s Sustainable Communities demonstrate how the overall development will meet agenda and each has responsibility for the preparation the aims of the Sub-Regional Strategy and (b) provide and updating of a Regional Housing Strategy. Due to a coherent framework into which any individual the influence of London, it is already acknowledged phases of development will fit. that the Boards for London, South East and East of Resources for Implementation England will need to have particularly close relationships. The Regional Housing Boards for the Delivery Agencies East of England, East Midlands and South East will 64. National, regional and local agencies will be required need to work in a co-ordinated way in relation to to deliver the Strategy. The key agencies will be those housing issues in the Sub-Region. delivering in the following areas: Local Delivery Vehicles (LDVs) • road and rail infrastructure and public transport 60. LDVs will be established to drive the growth of the provision; area using land assembly, investment and planning • residential and commercial development, including roles to create confidence and stimulate private affordable housing; investment. An LDV may cover more than one growth • regeneration, the economy and enterprise; REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 69

• social infrastructure including the emergency as revealed by a range of appropriate indicators, services, primary and secondary education, health including the following: and social care services and facilities and provision • housing completions, including affordable housing; for leisure, culture and arts; • net change in jobs totals, including those in defined • telecommunications networks; key sectors; • water and sewerage infrastructure; • commencement/completion of key infrastructure; • energy networks — gas, electricity and renewable • development on previously-developed/green field energy; land; • environmental technologies and environmental • changes in skill levels; enhancement; and • higher and further education delivery indicators; • higher and further education and the development • health and social care delivery indicators; and of employment skills. • environment indicators. 65. Agencies involved in the delivery of the above aspects will be expected to make appropriate contributions to Review Timetable and Approach the preparation of LDDs and to the delivery of 70. Although formally the Sub-Regional Strategy forms strategic plans of the Local Delivery Vehicles. Some part of three different Regional Spatial Strategies, and may be represented on delivery vehicle boards. has no separate status, it has been published as a Funding single document to help ensure proposals are implemented and monitored in a co-ordinated way by 66. The proposals and infrastructure requirements the regional planning bodies, government agencies identified in Part A and Part B of this Strategy require and others involved. In order to maintain the clarity of substantial long-term investment. The MKSM Study focus necessary to increase the cohesion of the Sub- estimated a figure in the region of £8.3bn over a 30- Region and implement these long-term policies the year period. Existing funding routes and bidding Sub-Regional Strategy will be monitored as a single mechanisms will need to support the aspirations of entity with the results of that monitoring feeding into this Sub-Regional Strategy and new ones will need to the Annual Monitoring Report for each region as be created as appropriate. Some of the new funding routes/mechanisms will need to be specifically tailored required by planning legislation. Depending on the for implementation within this Sub-Region. Central and location and impact of the issues identified, the local Government will work, through the Inter-Regional regional planning bodies will then decide whether any Board and other available avenues, to secure consequent revisions to one or more RSSs affecting commitment to the funding for key infrastructure and policies in the SRS should be carried out by all three, other investment essential to delivering this Growth two or just one of those bodies. Given that Part A of Area Strategy in a sustainable fashion. the SRS is part of three different RSSs, any future review will normally need to be carried out jointly by Targets for Implementation Monitoring and the three regional planning bodies. Review

Implementation and Monitoring MKSM Strategic Policy 4: Effective Delivery 67. The Part B Statements for the six growth towns provide guidance on the housing and jobs targets and Delivery of the Sub-Regional Strategy will be secured the key infrastructure proposals that need to be through: developed in more detail in appropriate LDDs for all • the Inter-Regional Board; the growth towns and taken forward in the strategic • establishment of Local Delivery Vehicles covering all of plans of the Local Delivery Vehicles. the growth locations to drive the sustainable growth of 68. The phasing of the development in the Part B the Sub-Region; Statements is based on the objective of bringing • preparation of Business Plans by each LDV; and forward the delivery of housing and employment • early preparation of priority LDDs to guide growth as fast as possible tempered by judgments development in areas of change in accordance with about what are balanced and achievable development Local Development Schemes. trajectories in terms of factors such as infrastructure provision and the housing market. Progress in achieving resources for the Sub-Region and in implementing the Sub-Regional Strategy will be 69. The Regional Assemblies will monitor progress in monitored regularly and reported as part of the Annual achieving the main elements of the Sub-Regional Monitoring Reports prepared by the Regional Assemblies. Strategy, as developed in more detail by the LDDs, and 70 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Part B Statement for Northamptonshire

Statement for Northamptonshire 120. Outside these towns smaller amounts of development will be located at the Sub-Regional centre of Daventry (East Midlands) and in other small towns within the county. These Introduction include Desborough, Rothwell, Burton Latimer, Rushden, Higham Ferrers and Irthlingborough and the 119. In accordance with the spatial framework set out in rural service centres of Towcester, Oundle, Raunds, Part A, major areas of new development will be Thrapston and Brackley. In other rural settlements concentrated in Northampton (defined as a Principal new development will be limited to that required for local needs. Urban Area) and in the neighbouring growth towns of Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough.

MKSM Northamptonshire Policy 1: The Spatial Framework

The majority of development in Northamptonshire should be concentrated in the Northampton Implementation Area and the neighbouring growth towns of Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough. Beyond these main urban centres development should be focused at the Sub-Regional centre of Daventry, the smaller towns of Desborough, Rothwell, Burton Latimer, Rushden, Higham Ferrers and Irthlingborough and the rural service centres of Towcester, Oundle, Raunds, Thrapston and Brackley. In the remainder of the county, the rural hinterlands, development should be limited with the emphasis on meeting local needs and the retention of basic services and facilities. Housing provision for each local authority area in Northamptonshire for each of the five year phases over the period 2001—2021 should be made at the following annual average rates:

2001—06 2006—11 2011—16 2016—21 Total 2001—21

Corby* 560 680 1,060 1,060 16,800

Daventry 540 540 540 540 10,800

East Northamptonshire 520 520 420 420 9,400 Kettering 550 810 630 630 13,100 Northampton* 1,050 1,450 1,750 1,750 30,000 South Northamptonshire 330 330 330 330 6,600 Wellingborough 595 595 685 685 12,800 Total 4,145 4,925 5,415 5,415 99,500

*Figures for Corby and Northampton include any provision made in urban extensions across local authority boundaries. Such provision would be additional to the figures for the ‘receiving authorities’ in the above table. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 71

Principal Urban Area — Northampton

121. Northampton will develop as a Principal Urban Area Area (NIA) covers Northampton Borough and for the Milton Keynes South Midlands Sub-Region and neighbouring parts of Daventry and South the wider region. The Northampton Implementation Northamptonshire Districts.

MKSM Northamptonshire Policy 2: • provide an adequate choice of high-quality employment Northampton Implementation Area sites for targeted office and high-value knowledge- based industries and for existing key sectors, making a New development will be delivered through a combination realistic assessment of the prospects for continuing use of urban regeneration and intensification and the of older sites and including an appropriate degree of development of new sustainable urban extensions, mixed use on suitable sites, both new and existing; integrated with the development of enhanced public • reduce the need to travel by integrating land use and transport and new public interchanges. Northampton transport planning, reviewing the need for new orbital Borough, and the District and Borough Councils of South and other roads, achieving a step change in the Northamptonshire and Daventry should together identify attractiveness of public transport within the urban area, and provide for the timely preparation of an appropriate implementing town-wide park and ride schemes, set of LDDs to put into effect the proposals of the Sub- comprehensively improving the attractiveness of Regional Strategy for the growth within the Northampton walking and cycling, and implementing demand Implementation Area (NIA). This should include joint management measures; working on core strategies and a joint LDD to investigate • provide for suitable urban extensions (without longer term growth options for the NIA. reference to local authority boundaries) clearly linked, where appropriate, with the completion of any key Together these LDDs should provide for an increase in the items of necessary associated infrastructure; number of homes in the NIA in the period to 2021 as • follows: identify an appropriate number of existing and possible 2001— 2006— 2011— 2016— Total future District Centres (urban hubs) to form sustainable 2006 2011 2016 2021 2001–2021 sub-centres for shopping and for the provision of commercial and social services, giving an emphasis to Total 5,250 7,250 8,750 8,750 30,000 regeneration needs and opportunities for urban renaissance where relevant; Annual • average rate 1,050 1,450 1,750 1,750 1,500 achieve a better quality of new development throughout the urban area, including strategic In examining future growth options the longer-term improvements to the public realm, and sympathetic perspective of the Sub-Regional Strategy (for a further design of the edge of the urban area and the 17,500 dwellings in the decade 2021—31) should be borne surrounding countryside; in mind as an uncommitted planning assumption, and will • review, and if necessary, set new targets for the be subject to future review. provision of affordable housing within the area of the LDD; The levels of development proposed will be monitored • against an increase in employment of 37,200 jobs in West consider the opportunity for the further development of higher education facilities in Northampton; Northamptonshire (Northampton Borough, and Daventry and South Northamptonshire districts) in the period to • provide for additional primary health and social care 2021. This employment figure is a reference value to be services within existing primary care outlets, in bespoke used for the monitoring and review and not as a target. new healthcare centres within the sustainable urban extensions and within new and expanded community Taken in combination the LDDs within the LDS should set hospitals; firm guidelines for proactive inter-agency approaches • expand, reconfigure and modernise secondary that will: healthcare facilities as required to ensure sufficient • meet all the principles for creating sustainable capacity; and communities set out in Strategic Policy 3; • make appropriate provision for green infrastructure • provide for housing growth using both greenfield land including the suggested River Nene Regional Park and previously developed land, but maximising which can play an important role as a strategic opportunities for recycling redundant and under-used recreational resource and offer opportunities to protect urban land especially at nodal sites and on good-quality and enhance landscape character, biodiversity and public transport routes; cultural heritage. 72 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

MKSM Northamptonshire Policy 3: Northampton Central Area

Northampton Borough Council, in partnership with other and waterfront areas; relevant bodies, will prepare an LDD to provide a long- • making the central area the focus of a range of term framework for revitalising and upgrading the quality employment opportunities with a particular emphasis and facilities of the central area, including: on offices, through the provision of large office space • developing the area around and including the railway through to small office suites in both new and station not only as a transport hub for the town, but converted accommodation; also as an attractive and vibrant gateway to the town • developing cultural/ heritage tourism by enhancing the centre and a focus for development; existing cultural heritage facilities and attractions, and • improving the range and quality of retail provision by through the provision of new facilities; and increasing comparison and convenience floorspace, and • increasing the range of centrally located overnight linking this into a revitalisation of the rest of the central accommodation. area incorporating attractive links to the railway station

Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough

122. The neighbouring towns of Corby, Kettering and important retail, business and community centres Wellingborough have been identified as locations with serving their own individual catchments. This role will the potential for an increased level of new growth. It continue but the three town centres will need to is important that they grow in a complementary way, adapt to cater for increased population and to while retaining their separate identities. All three are address regeneration needs.

MKSM Northamptonshire Policy 4: for intensification and mixed use provided by regeneration Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough and redevelopment. In parallel, proposals will be brought forward for The Local Development Documents for the local planning sustainable urban extensions to provide for additional authorities of Corby, Kettering, Wellingborough and East development in each of the three towns. Areas of search Northamptonshire should identify and provide for a joint for such extensions will include: approach which will apply the principles for creating • sustainable communities set out in Strategic Policy 3 and north east, north west, south, south west and west of put into effect the proposals of the Sub-Regional Strategy Corby; for North Northamptonshire. • to the east, west and south of Kettering; • This should include a joint core strategy for North to the east, north and west of Wellingborough. Northamptonshire. Within the overall provision made in All new sustainable urban extensions will require a Northamptonshire Policy 1, an increase of 34,100 dwellings masterplanning approach developed with appropriate will be accommodated in the neighbouring growth towns consultation and appraisal. of Corby, Kettering and Wellingborough by 2021. Environment and green infrastructure In examining future growth options, the longer term Urban extensions should be planned so as to ensure the perspective of the Sub-Regional Strategy for a further continued physical separation of the three towns, and to 28,000 additional dwellings in North Northamptonshire for prevent coalescence with smaller towns and settlements the period 2021—2031 should be borne in mind as an within and adjoining the growth area. Opportunities should uncommitted planning assumption, subject to review at an be taken to enhance important existing environmental appropriate future date. assets such as Rockingham Forest and promote the Growth Locations provision of new green infrastructure to enhance the attractiveness of the area and meet the needs of its In all three towns, the capacity of the existing built-up area population. to accommodate additional development will be utilised to the full, through measures to assess and bring forward Transport surplus employment sites and other previously developed New development should be planned to take account of land and, particularly in Corby, through the opportunities the committed transport investment and with further REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 73

consideration of other transport provision indicated in Document’s preparation process, using Catalyst Corby’s Figure 7 and other initiatives, so as to facilitate a Regeneration Framework as its basis. significant modal shift towards public transport use, Kettering — The focus at Kettering will be to maintain the particularly in relation to urban extensions. The new existing role of the town centre. This will be achieved station proposal at Corby and associated train service through the promotion and protection of the existing changes will need to be reassessed in due course, as the provision of basic comparison shopping, the development town develops further, and will be subject to the usual of a regionally important niche retail offer and the appraisal and affordability criteria. High quality public development of a wider range of cultural attractions transport services should be provided between and within including a theatre. In addition, the town centre’s role as each of the linked growth towns so as to connect key the focus for services and facilities to serve the town as a centres of housing, employment and service activities. whole and its wider rural hinterland should be developed Employment through the enhancement of social infrastructure. The levels of development proposed will be monitored Wellingborough — The existing role of Wellingborough against an increase in employment of 43,800 jobs in should be strengthened through the continued provision north Northamptonshire (i.e. Corby, Kettering, of a diverse range of quality comparison shopping that Wellingborough and East Northants) in the period to 2021. meets the needs of both the town as a whole and its This employment figure is a reference value to be used wider rural hinterland. for monitoring and review and not as a target. Social Infrastructure Corby/Kettering/and Wellingborough Central Areas The following services and facilities should be developed Corby — In order to revitalise Corby as a whole the to meet the needs of all three of the existing towns and redevelopment and renewal of the town centre will be the the new sustainable urban extensions: priority. This should include the development of a central • education — expand and develop educational provision boulevard linking the town centre, including high quality from primary to higher education in order to improve retail, housing and employment development, with the educational attainment and skill levels across possibility of a new railway station. Northamptonshire; In accordance with Part A an Area Action Plan (AAP) • healthcare — substantial investment in expanding and should be prepared for Corby’s central area. This AAP modernising primary community health and social care, should be developed through the Local Development and secondary healthcare services and facilities.

123. The neighbouring growth towns of Corby, Kettering Sub-Regional Centre, the Smaller Towns and and Wellingborough interact in various ways. There Rural Service Centres are also important relationships across the boundaries between these three Boroughs and East Sub-Regional Centre: Daventry Northamptonshire District. In order to ensure that 124. Daventry will grow towards a population of about development is planned in a co-ordinated way joint 40,000 by 2021, seeking to consolidate and extend its LDDs should be prepared involving the Boroughs of role by revitalising and extending the role of the town Corby, Kettering, and Wellingborough and East centre as a Sub-Regional Centre offering improved Northamptonshire District. Relevant issues include: shopping facilities and a wider range of jobs and • the phasing and scale of the development in the services. Sustainable growth will take place both by major growth locations; means of intensification within the present built-up • major developments that cross council boundaries; area and expanding onto greenfield sites through one • environmental issues and prevention of or more sustainable urban extensions. The exact coalescence between towns; scale, nature and location of this growth will be determined through the preparation of appropriate • provision of green infrastructure of a strategic LDDs prepared by the District Council in consultation scale, including the possibility of a green corridor with relevant partners. along the Ise Valley, linking the River Nene Regional Park and the Rockingham Forest area; Smaller Towns • social infrastructure provision and other 125. The smaller towns of Burton Latimer, Rothwell, development serving more than one town in the Desborough, Higham Ferrers, Rushden and area; and Irthlingborough will seek to consolidate and extend • transport linkages throughout the area. their roles in providing for local services. These 74 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

towns share a common industrial heritage that completed will enable traffic management measures makes them distinct from the rural service centres and other environmental enhancements in the town and also makes regeneration a key objective. A centre and along the present A5 corridor. The bypass balanced range of housing, employment and local is also necessary to provide for the long term growth services and facilities should be secured whilst of the town. Options for the bypass and for any protecting local identity, including preventing associated development should be explored through coalescence with neighbouring settlements. Growth an appropriate LDD. will be accommodated in line with the sequential approach within the existing built up areas or in the Sub-Area Connections form of one or more sustainable urban extensions at each town. The exact scale, nature and location of 128. The strategic connections within the Sub-Region growth and any enhancement proposals will be need to reflect the existing urban spatial form in determined through the preparation of LDDs. addition to that proposed via the associated RSSs and the Sub-Regional Strategy in Part A. The inter- Rural Service Centres connections between the Sub-Areas are vital for the 126. Towcester, Brackley, Oundle, Raunds and Thrapston cohesion of the Sub-Region as a whole. Transport will seek to extend their roles in providing local improvements of Sub-Regional significance are services for their rural hinterlands. Growth will be identified in Part A of this document. These include accommodated in line with the sequential approach important components in terms of delivering the within the existing built up areas or in the form of scale of housing development proposed in the one or more sustainable urban extensions at each Growth Area. Such components include: town. Any significant growth will need to make • strategic bus corridor development in provision for the expansion of new employment Northampton and at opportunities and the provision of necessary Corby/Kettering/Wellingborough; improved social infrastructure such as primary • improved public transport interchange in healthcare provision. The centres of these towns Northampton; should also be the focus for enhancement proposals • improved public transport Interchange at and the maintenance of basic services. These Wellingborough; proposals should be identified in the respective LDDs. • improvements to the A14 at Kettering; and • local road improvements to increase capacity 127. A key consideration in Towcester is the need to between Northampton and Kettering and to regenerate its historic town centre. The sustainable improve orbital movements around Northampton. growth of the town will help strengthen retail and essential services. A co-ordinated approach is 129. The list of schemes identified below (Figures 6-8) required to appropriately manage the development indicate existing and potential future priorities to of the town and its centre, and to integrate with meet the needs of Northamptonshire both in terms future changes to the road network. LDDs will need of meeting the growth needs and within the wider to address these issues. The proposed bypass when context of promoting sustainable transport options. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 75

MKSM Figure 6: Northampton Implementation Area

Key Transport Requirements and Phasing Delivery Scheme Delivery Lead Status* 2002-06 2007-11 2012-16 2017-21 Org. Road “Getting Northampton to Work” Quality Bus Network LTP LA Committed Strategic Bus Corridor Under Development LTP LA consideration A45 Stanwick to Thrapston TPI HA Under consideration A43 Northampton to For future Kettering Dualling LTP LA consideration Northampton Orbital Schemes LTP/DEV LA For future consideration A45 (M1 Junction 15) TPI HA For future A43 to Stanwick consideration Rail West Coast Main Line Modernisation DfT NR Committed Northampton Station Under Interchange LTP LA consideration South of Northampton For future Interchange DEV NR consideration

Key: Targeted Programme of Improvements TPI *Committed schemes are those that are included in either the Highways Agency’s Targeted Programme of Improvements, fully or provisionally accepted in the Local Highways Agency HA Transport Plan process or identified in the Strategic Plan for the Railways. Schemes Department for Transport Rail Strategy DfT identified as being under consideration have indicative timelines assigned to them. Network Rail NR Decisions on whether they are taken forward and, if so, in what timescale will be informed by the outcome of the considerations underway. Schemes shown as being ‘for Local Transport Plan Major Scheme LTP future consideration’ are included to indicate possible future priorities rather than Local Authority LA current priorities. In all cases schemes are subject to the usual completion of statutory Developer contributions DEV processes and funding approval. 76 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

MKSM Figure 7: Corby/Kettering/Wellingborough Implementation Area

Key Transport Requirements and Phasing Delivery Scheme Delivery Lead Status* 2002-06 2007-11 2012-16 2017-21 Org. Road Strategic Bus Corridor Development LTP LA Committed

A43 Corby Link Road LTP LA Committed

A509 Isham Bypass LTP LA Committed

Midland Road Bridge Wellingborough GA LA Committed

A509 Isham Bypass to Under Wellingborough LTP LA consideration

Wellingborough East Under Distributor Road DEV LA consideration

A14 Kettering Bypass Under Improvement TPI HA consideration

Rail New Interchange Facilities Under Wellingborough Station LTP LA consideration

New Interchange Facilities Under Kettering Station LTP LA consideration

Kettering to Corby For future Passenger Rail1 DfT NR consideration

Corby to Peterborough or For future Leicester Rail Reopening DfT NR consideration

New Station and Interchange For future Desborough DfT NR consideration

Key: Targeted Programme of Improvements TPI *Committed schemes are those that are included in either the Highways Agency’s Targeted Programme of Improvements, fully or provisionally accepted in the Local Highways Agency HA Transport Plan process or identified in the Strategic Plan for the Railways. Schemes Department for Transport Rail Strategy DfT identified as being under consideration have indicative timelines assigned to them. Growth Area Funding (ODPM) GA Decisions on whether they are taken forward and, if so, in what timescale will be informed by the outcome of the considerations underway. Schemes shown as being ‘for Network Rail NR future consideration’ are included to indicate possible future priorities rather than Local Transport Plan Major Scheme LTP current priorities. In all cases schemes are subject to the usual completion of statutory Local Authority LA processes and funding approval. Developer contributions DEV

1 The new station proposals at Corby and associated train service changes will need to be reassessed in due course, as the town develops further, and will be subject to the usual appraisal and affordability criteria. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 77

MKSM Figure 8: Connections beyond the Implementation Area

Key Transport Requirements and Phasing Delivery Scheme Delivery Lead Status* 2002-06 2007-11 2012-16 2017-21 Org. Road A428 West Haddon Bypass DEV LA Committed

A5 Towcester Bypass DEV LA For future consideration

A45 Flore-Weedon Bypass LTP LA For future consideration

A43 Towcester Roundabouts For future Grade Separation TPI HA consideration

A43 Blisworth/Tiffield For future Grade Separation TPI HA consideration

Key: Targeted Programme of Improvements TPI *Committed schemes are those that are included in either the Highways Agency’s Highways Agency HA Targeted Programme of Improvements, fully or provisionally accepted in the Local Transport Plan process or identified in the Strategic Plan for the Railways. Schemes Department for Transport Rail Strategy DfT identified as being under consideration have indicative timelines assigned to them. Network Rail NR Decisions on whether they are taken forward and, if so, in what timescale will be informed by the outcome of the considerations underway. Schemes shown as being ‘for Local Transport Plan Major Scheme LTP future consideration’ are included to indicate possible future priorities rather than Local Authority LA current priorities. In all cases schemes are subject to the usual completion of statutory Developer contributions DEV processes and funding approval. 78 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Appendix 1 – Planning Policy Guidance, Planning Policy Statements and Mineral Policy Guidance (PPGs, PPSs & MPGs)

Planning Policy Guidance Date Mineral Policy Guidance Date PPS 1 Delivering Sustainable Development 2005 MPG1 General Considerations and the Development Plan System 1996 PPG 2 Green Belts 1995 MPG2 Applications, Permissions and PPG 3 Housing 2000 Conditions 1998 Amendments 2005 MPG3 Coal Mining and Colliery Spoil PPG 4 Industrial, Commercial Disposal 1999 Development and Small Firms 1992 MPG4 Revocation, Modification, Discontinuation, PPG 5 Simplified Planning Zones 1992 Prohibition and Suspension Orders 1997 PPG 6 Town Centres and Retail MPG5 Stability in Surface Mineral Developments 1996 Workings and Tips 2000 PPS 7 Sustainable Development in MPG6 Guidelines for Aggregates Rural Areas 2004 Provision in England 1994 PPG 8 Telecommunications 2001 MPG7 The Reclamation of Mineral Workings 1996 PPG 9 Nature Conservation 1994 MPG8 Interim Development Order Permission (IDOs) PPG 10 Planning and Waste Management 1999 Statutory Provisions and Procedures 1991 PPS 11 Regional Spatial Strategies 2004 MPG9 Planning and Compensation Act 1991: Interim Development Order PPS 12 Local Development Frameworks 2004 Permission (IDOs) — Conditions 1992 Companion Guide 2004 MPG10 Provision of Raw Material for the PPG 13 Transport 2001 Cement Industry 1991 PPG 14 Development on Unstable Land 1990 MPG11 Control of Noise at Surface PPG 14A Annex 1: Landslides and Planning 1996 Mineral Workings 1993 PPG 14B Annex 2: Subsidence and Planning 2001 MPG12 Treatment of Disused Mine Openings 1994 PPG 15 Planning and the Historic MPG13 Guidelines for Peat Provision in England, Environment 1994 including the place of PPG 16 Archaeology and Planning 1990 Alternative Materials 1995 PPG 17 Sport and Recreation 2002 MPG14 Environment Act 1995: Review of Mineral Planning Permissions 1995 PPG 18 Enforcing Planning Control 1991 MPG15 Silica Sand 1996 PPG 19 Outdoor Advertisement Control 1992 PPG 20 Coastal Planning 1992 List correct at time of publication. PPS 6, 9 and 10 (to PPG 21 Tourism 1992 replace PPG 6, 9 and 10) in preparation. PPS 22 Renewable Energy 2004 Consultation on MPS 1 (“Planning and Minerals”) recently Companion Guide 2004 carried out. Reviews of other MPGs are also planned. PPS 23 Planning and Pollution Control 2004 PPG 24 Planning and Noise 1994 PPG 25 Development and Flood Risk 2001 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 79

Appendix 2 — RSS National Core Indicators

Core Indicators for regional planning are set out below. (iii) projected net additional dwellings up to the end of These core indicators are closely aligned with the core the RSS period or over a ten year period from its indicators for Local Development Frameworks. This is to publication, whichever is the longer; help ensure a consistent and cost-effective approach to (iv) the annual net additional dwelling requirement; monitoring implementation of key national objectives and and targets at the regional and local levels. Note that these (v) annual average number of net additional dwellings indicators may be revised in the light of new Planning needed to meet overall housing requirements, having Policy Statements and related documents. Please refer to regard to previous years’ performances. the ODPM website for the latest version of these indicators. b) Percentage of new and converted dwellings on previously developed land. 1. Business Development c) Percentage of new dwellings completed at: (i) less than 30 dwellings per hectare; a) Amount of land developed for employment by type: (ii) between 30 and 50 dwellings per hectare; and by local authority area. (iii) above 50 dwellings per hectare: by local authority b) Amount of land developed for employment by type, area. which is in development and/or regeneration areas, d) Affordable housing completions: by local authority defined in the Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS). area. c) Percentages of 1a by type, which is on previously developed land: by local authority area. Explanatory Notes d) Employment land supply by type: by local authority • The definition of dwelling (in line with the 2001 Census) is area. a self-contained unit of accommodation. Self containment is where all the rooms in a household are Explanatory Notes behind a door, which only that household can use. Non- • Employment land type: defined by Use Class Orders self contained household spaces at the same address (UCOs) B1b and c, B2 and B8. should be counted together as a single dwelling. • 1a, 1b and 1c: measured in terms of sq m floorspace Therefore, a dwelling can consist of one self-contained (gross). household space or two or more non-self contained spaces at the same address. • 1a and 1b gross floorspace should be measured as gross • Net additional dwellings are defined as new dwellings internal floorspace, including all internal areas, but completed, plus gains from conversions less losses from excluding internal walls. conversions, plus gains from change of use less losses • 1b: depending on the level of detail in the RSS, the from change of use and less demolitions. 2a (ii) should precise boundaries of the designated areas may need to give figures for net additional and gross dwellings. be defined in the LDF. ‘Current’ means the previous financial year which the • 1c comparing (in percentage terms) amount of completed AMR is reporting upon. land (sq m gross floorspace) developed for employment • 2a (iii): projected dwellings relate to the sources of net upon previously developed land as defined in Annex C of additional dwellings to meet the requirements in the RSS. PPG3 (March 2000) against total employment gross These must be based upon firm evidence of the floorspace (1a). contribution of the various components of housing • 1d employment land supply is defined as the total amount supply that make up the total allocation. These can of land available for employment use measured by site include: (a) outstanding planning permissions; (b) area (hectares). adopted allocations (without planning permission) (c) windfall estimates as well as any other dwelling sources, • Thresholds (where an RPB finds it necessary): including those identified in urban housing capacity (i) 1a, 1b and 1c minimum floorspace 1000 sq m and studies. above; • (ii) 1d minimum site area 0.4 ha. 2a (iv): annual net additional dwelling requirement should reflect the annual rate of housing provision required in the RSS. 2. Housing • 2a (v): this relates to the number of net additional dwellings required over the remaining plan period to a) Housing trajectory showing: meet the overall housing requirement set out in the RSS. (i) net additional dwellings over the previous five year It should take into account net additional dwelling period or since the start of the RSS period, whichever completions identified in (i) & (ii) and should be is the longer; expressed as a residual annual average (ii) net additional dwellings for current year; • 2b: comparing (in percentage terms) numbers of 80 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

completed dwellings (gross), and through conversions of existing dwellings, provided on previously developed land 5. Minerals (as defined in Annex C of PPG3) against total completed a) The production of primary land won aggregates dwellings (gross). (tonnes) by minerals planning authority. • 2c: (i) total new dwellings (gross) in terms (percentages) b) The production of secondary/recycled aggregates by of three net density ranges; (ii) net density is defined in minerals planning authority. Annex C of PPG3 (March 2000). • 2d: gross and net additions of affordable housing completed, defined as: (i) wholly funded through 6. Waste registered RSL and or local authorities; (ii) wholly funded a) Capacity of new waste management facilities, by type through developer contribution; and (iii) funded through and by waste planning authority. a mix of public subsidy and developer contribution. b) Amount of municipal waste arising and managed by: (i) management type; and, 3. Transport (ii) the percentage each management type represents of the total waste managed by waste planning Percentage of completed non-residential development authority. complying with the car-parking standards set out in the Regional Transport Strategy (RTS): by local authority Explanatory Notes area. • 6a 'Capacity' can be measured either in cubic metres or Explanatory Notes tonnes per annum, depending on the particular waste management facility involved. For example, capacity at • Comparison (in percentage terms) of completed non- landfill sites is traditionally measured in cubic metres, residential schemes that comply with RTS parking while at waste to energy plants, tonnes per annum are standards against total numbers of schemes. more normally used. • If there are no regionally distinctive standards in an RTS, • Capacity of new waste management facilities should be those set out in PPG13 should be used. those which have received planning permission and are • Type of development: UCOs A, B and D. operable. • Threshold (where an RPB finds it necessary): minimum • 6b considering how (in percentage terms) the total floorspace 1,000 sq m. amount of municipal waste is dealt with by different management types (e.g. recycling, landfill). Capacity can 4. Regional Services be measured in either cubic metres or tonnes as above. a) Amount of completed retail, offices and leisure development respectively: by local authority area. 7. Flood Protection and Water Quality b) Percentage of completed retail, offices, and leisure Number of planning permissions, by local authority area, development respectively, in town centres. granted contrary to the advice of the Environment Agency on grounds of: Explanatory Notes (i) flood defence; or • 4a: completed development defined by UCOs B1a, A1, A2 (ii) water quality. and D2. • Thresholds (where an RPB finds it necessary): A1 Explanatory Notes minimum 2,500 sq m; A2, B1a and D2 minimum 1000 sq These indicators are proxies for (i) inappropriate m. development in the flood plain; and (ii) that adversely • For office and leisure development, figures should be affecting water quality. given as sqm gross internal floorspace. This should include all internal areas but excluding external walls. • For retail, the net and gross internal floorspace should be given. Net internal area should be measured by the amount of tradeable sales space which customers have access to (excluding areas like storage) in sq m. The difference between gross external area and gross internal floorspace is typically between 2.5% and 5%. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 81

8. Biodiversity Change in areas and populations of biodiversity importance, including: (i) Priority Habitats and Species (by type); and (ii) Areas designated for their intrinsic environmental value including sites of international, national, regional or sub-regional significance.

Explanatory Notes • Regional targets for biodiversity priorities are compiled by Regional Biodiversity Partnerships, reflecting those in the National Biodiversity Action Plan and those agreed by Local Biodiversity Partnerships at the sub-regional level. Priority habitats and species are found in designated sites and the wider landscape. • “Change” needs to be considered in terms of impact of completed development management programmes and planning agreements. Measurement includes additions and subtractions to priority habitats and species. They are measured by hectares and numbers respectively. • Areas of environmental value should be measured in hectares.

9. Renewable Energy Renewable energy capacity (MW) installed by type: by local authority area.

Explanatory Notes • Types: defined as energy generated from: (a) Bio fuels (b) Onshore wind (c) Water (d) Solar energy (e) Geothermal energy • Outputs should be in megawatts. • 'Installed' means completed and available for operation. 82 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Appendix 3 — Implementation of Policies, Measures and Targets

1. Note that all Local Development Documents will require to be in general conformity with the RSS and therefore all the measures and targets included in Appendix 2 will need to be taken into account even where no Key Indicators are shown. This applies particularly to the Core Objectives listed in Policy 1. 2. Other plans, such as Local Transport Plans, will also need to be consistent with RSS policies. 3. Note that some indicators and targets may be revised, or new indicators and targets added, as targets are refined and the availability of data is tested through the Annual Monitoring process.

Acronyms emda East Midlands Development Agency RSS Regional Spatial Strategy EMRA East Midlands Regional Assembly (Regional SRA Strategic Rail Authority (Note that SRA main Planning Body) functions will be transferred to DfT Rail after GOEM Government Office for the East Midlands 2005) LDF Local Development Framework SSP Sub-Regional Strategic Partnership LSP Local Strategic Partnership

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 1 Regional Core All EMRA As appropriate All As appropriate Objectives 2 Locational Development Plans Local Developers % new development 60% new Priorities for Local Development Authorities on PDL development on Development Frameworks PDL 3 Sustainability Development Plans Local Developers — — Criteria Local Development Authorities Frameworks Sustainability Appraisals 4 Promoting Better Development Plans Local Utility Providers Density of new Increased Design Local Development Authorities Developers housing densities in line Frameworks CABE Energy efﬁ cient with National Guidance Urban Design EMRA construction Frameworks emda Crime rates Village Design EA Improvements in open Statements space Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) 5 Concentrating Development Plans Local URCs % of region’s new Targets to be Development in Local Development Authorities Northants development in PUAs developed Urban Areas Frameworks Local Delivery No. of new houses, Local Transport Plans Vehicles (LDVs) land and ﬂ oorspace Economic emda developed within and Development SSPs outside PUAs Strategies Developers % of new development in Northants growth towns 6 Regional Development Plans Local emda No. of bus passenger Increase in no. of Priorities in Rural Local Development Authorities SSPs journeys per year in bus passenger Areas Frameworks Developers rural areas; journeys from Local Transport Plans Nos. in employment in 2001 level. Countryside Increase in nos. Economic Agency rural areas Accessibility to in employment Development Improvement in Strategies essential services in rural areas accessibility to services REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 83

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 7 a) Development Development Plans Local emda Employment rates in Targets to be in the Eastern Local Development Authorities in Lincolnshire market towns developed Sub-Area Frameworks sub-area Enterprise Employment rates Local Transport Environment (measured in January Plans Economic Agency English and August) in coastal Development Nature Heart of area Strategies England Tourist Visitor spending in Tourism Strategies Board LSPs coastal area Indices of Deprivation in Gainsborough, Mablethorpe an Skegness Nos of new jobs related to food production and distribution 7 b) Lincoln Policy Development Plans Local Lincolnshire No. of new houses Draft SRS Area Local Development Authorities in Enterprise built in Policy Area included in draft Frameworks Policy Area Lincs Tourism % increase in jobs in RSS (Sept 2006) Local Transport Plans English Heritage Policy Area Job creation, Economic Public Transport % increase in retail new retail Development Providers ﬂ oorspace in City ﬂ oorspace and Strategies Centre use of public Developers transport all Tourism Strategies Increase provision and use of public greater than transport in Policy regional average Area IMD shows Indices of Multiple greater reduction Deprivation (IMD) of deprivation than regional average 8 Overcoming Development Plans Local SRA/DfT Rail Relevant transport Transport Peripherality in Local Development Authorities Highways improvements schemes the Eastern Sub- Frameworks Agency Access to and use of implemented Area Local Transport Plans Public Transport ICT Increased use of Providers ICT in peripheral Port Authorities areas emda Access to broadband Lincolnshire extended to all Enterprise areas 9 Regeneration Sub-Regional Strategy Local EMRA % change in Draft SRS of the Northern Development Plans Authorities emda economic activity and included in draft Sub-Area Local Development Derby & employment rates RSS Review (Sept Frameworks Derbyshire Indices of Multiple 2006) Local Transport Plans Economic Deprivation (IMD) Higher rate of Partnership increase than Economic regional average Development Alliance SSP Strategies Environment IMD shows Agency greater reduction English Heritage of deprivation than regional average 84 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 10 Spatial Priorities Development Plans Peak National SRA/DfT Rail Full time employment Targets to be for Development Local Development Park Authority Public Transport rates developed in the Peak Sub- Frameworks Other Local Providers No of new affordable Area Local Transport Plans Authorities in houses built Economic Sub-area Visitor spending Development Nos of new jobs Strategies created, particularly related to creative industries 11 Spatial Priorities Development Plans Local emda Full time employment Targets to be for Development Local Development Authorities English Heritage rates developed outside the Peak Frameworks Derby & No of new affordable District National Local Transport Plans Derbyshire houses built Park Economic Economic Visitor spending Development Partnership Nos of new jobs Strategies created 12 Managing Development Plans Peak National Countryside No. of visitors and Targets to be Tourism and Local Development Park Authority Agency amount of spend per developed Visitors in the Frameworks Other Local Heart of England visitor Peak Sub-area Economic Authorities in Tourist Board No. of new visitor Development Sub-area emda attractions in areas Strategies Derby & immediately outside Tourism Strategies Derbyshire National Park Countryside Economic No. of jobs in tourism Strategies Partnership related activities 13 Spatial Priorities Development Plans Local SRA/DfT Rail Separate arrangements are in place to for Development Local Development Authorities Public Transport monitor the MKSM Sub-Regional Strategy in the Southern Frameworks in Sub-area Providers — Sub-area Local Transport Plans Northants LDVs Forestry Economic Commission Development emda Strategies The Northamptonshire Partnership 14 The Nottingham— Development Plans EMRA Relevant Local — Draft review Derby Green Belt Local Development Local Authorities completed and Frameworks Authorities in agreed by June Green Belt area 2006 15 Development in Development Plans Local emda No. of new houses Job creation, the Three Cities Local Development Authorities in URCs built in Policy Area new retail Sub-area Frameworks Sub-area SSPs % increase in jobs in ﬂ oorspace and Local Transport Plans Policy Area use of public transport all Economic % increase in retail ﬂ oorspace in City greater than Development regional average Strategies Centre Increase provision IMD shows and use of public greater reduction transport in Policy of deprivation Area than regional average Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 85

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 16 A Sub-Regional Sub-regional Strategy Local EMRA — Draft SRS Spatial Strategy Development Plans Authorities in Three Cities included in draft for the Three Local Development Sub-area Steering Group RSS Review (Sept Cities Sub-Area Frameworks Local 2006) Local Transport Plans Authorities Economic emda Development Strategies 17 Regional Housing Development Plans Local EMRA Housing trajectories 13,700 dpa (new) Provision Local Development Authorities Developers/ (See Appendix 2 RSS Reduction on Frameworks Housebuilders Core Indicators) 2001 existing Housing Vacant dwellings by stock vacancy Associations tenure levels by 0.5% 18 Regional Development Plans Local Developers/ Affordable housing Regional target Priorities for Local Development Authorities Housebuilders completions by LA for provision: Affordable Frameworks Regional emda areas 3,950dpa Housing Regional Housing Housing Board National Ratio of wage rates (indicative Strategy Housing Housing and housing costs benchmark) Sub-Regional Housing Corporation Federation Local targets set Action Plans Housing in LDFs Local Authority Associations Housing Strategies Housing Investment Plans 19 Regional Development Plans Local Local Phasing policies in Priorities for Local Development Authorities Authorities place in LDDs Managing the Frameworks in Adjacent Release of Land Regions for Housing Developers/ Housebuilders Sub-Regional Housing Groups 20 A Regional Development Plans Local emda Proportion of housing 60% by 2021 Target for Re- Local Development Authorities Developers/ completions achieved using Previously Frameworks Housebuilders on previously Developed Land Economic Housing developed land or and Buildings for Development Associations through conversions Housing Strategies SSPs 21 Regional Priority Development Plans Local Local Transport Net change in land Targets set in Areas for Local Development Authorities Authorities and fl oorspace LDFs Regeneration Frameworks emda developed for Reduce no. of EM Local Transport Plans SSPs employment by type local authorities Regional Economic Indices of Multiple in worst 10% Strategy Deprivation most deprived districts. SSP Strategies 22 Regional Development Plans Local emda Net change in offi ce To meet local Priorities for Local Development Authorities and industrial land needs as set out Employment Frameworks Regional SSPs / fl oorspace and in SRSs or LDFs Land Economic Strategy proportion on PDL SSP Strategies Employment land supply by type; Private sector view 86 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 23 Regional Development Plans Local Town Centre Amount of completed To meet local Priorities for Local Development Authorities Partnerships retail, offi ce and needs as set out Town Centres Frameworks emda leisure development in LDFs and Retail Town Centre SSPs by local authority area Development Strategies % of completed retail, SSP Strategies offi ce and leisure development in town centres Outstanding planning permissions and allocations for retail, offi ce and leisure development 24 Regional Development Plans Local Countryside No. of new business Increase in new Priorities Local Development Authorities Agency start ups business start for Rural Frameworks emda New jobs created ups and new jobs Diversifi cation Regional Economic SSPs Strategy SSP Strategies 25 Regional Development Plans Local Heart of England No. of new jobs 15,000 new jobs Priorities for Local Development Authorities Tourist Board in tourist related in tourism by Tourism Frameworks emda activities 2008 Tourism Strategies SSPs Visitor spending in Visitor spending SSP Strategies region in region to No. of overnight stays increase by 2% in region by 2010 Tourism to contribute 4.5% of region’s GDP by 2010 26 Regional Development Plans Local ICT Providers Proportion of region’s Full regional Priorities for ICT Local Development Authorities emda homes and businesses coverage by Frameworks SSPs with access to high- 2006; Economic ADIT East speed broadband 20% businesses Development Midlands services trading online by Strategies Take up of broadband 2010 SSP Strategies services 27 Protecting and Development Plans Local Wildlife Trusts Cases of damage No net loss Enhancing the Local Development Authorities National Trust to natural and of natural or Region’s Natural Frameworks EMRA Woodland Trusts cultural assets cultural assets and Cultural and compensatory Regional Environment Environment CPRE 95% of SSSIs Assets Strategy Agency measures in favourable Regional Cultural English Nature Improvements in condition by 2010 Strategy the condition of land English Heritage classifi ed as Sites Countryside of Special Scientifi c Agency Interest (SSSI) 28 Priorities for Development Plans Local Wildlife Trusts Change in areas To meet Regional Enhancing Local Development Authorities Woodland Trusts of biodiversity Biodiversity the Region’s Frameworks EMRA Developers importance, including: Habitat Biodiversity priority habitats and Management Local Biodiversity English Nature Businesses Actions Plans species (by type); and and Recreation East Midlands areas designated for Targets listed in Regional Environment Biodiversity their intrinsic value Appendix 5 Strategy Action Plans Forum including sites of Strategic River Environment international, national, Corridors Initiative Agency regional or sub- regional signifi cance. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 87

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 29 A Regional Development Plans Local Wildlife Trusts Area of new woodland 65,000 hectares Target for Local Development Authorities Woodland Trusts created by 2021 Increasing Frameworks Forestry Developers Woodland Cover Regional Forestry Commission Businesses Framework English Nature National Forest and East Midlands other Forest Initiatives Biodiversity Forum 30 Priorities for the Development Plans Local English Heritage % of region covered 100% of rural Management and Local Development Authorities Peak District by Landscape areas Enhancement Frameworks Countryside National Park Character of the Region’s Landscape Character Agency Authority Assessments Landscape Assessments English Nature 31 Regional Development Plans Local emda Number of listed Decrease from Priorities for Local Development Authorities SSPs buildings at risk 2001 levels the Historic Frameworks English Heritage Regional Environment Economic Heritage Forum Development Strategies Regional Cultural Strategy 32 Regional Development Plans Local Sports No. of new sports Targets set in Priorities for Local Development Authorities Partnerships and recreational Regional Sports Sports and Frameworks Regional Sports Sport England facilities provided per Strategy Recreational Sports Strategies Board SUSTRANS population served. Facilities 33 A Regional Development Plans Local Developers Planning permissions Reduce to zero Approach to Local Development Authorities Water granted contrary to the Water Frameworks Environment Companies/ Environment Agency Environment Environment Agency Agency Utilities advice; Water Resources Operators Strategy 34 Regional Development Plans Local English Nature Environment Agency Water quality Priorities for Local Development Authorities English Heritage Water Quality targets set by Strategic River Frameworks Environment Countryside measures Environment Corridors Flood Risk Agency Agency Access to urban Agency Assessments Regional waterfronts Targets to be Biodiversity Biodiversity and developed Forum wildlife habitats related to urban waterfront areas emda and protection SSPs/LSPs and restoration Regeneration of wildlife Companies habitats along Wildlife Trusts river corridors in both urban and Sport England rural areas (see Local Sports also Policy 28) Partnerships British Waterways Various River Partnership Projects & Initiatives 88 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 35 Priorities for the Development Plans Local English Nature No. of Blue Flag Increase in Blue Management of Local Development Authorities Regional beaches Flag beaches the Lincolnshire Frameworks Environment Biodiversity Change in areas To meet Regional Coast Coastal Zone Agency Forum of biodiversity Biodiversity Management Plans Countryside importance, including: Habitat Agency priority habitats and Management species (by type); and and Recreation areas designated for Targets listed in their intrinsic value Appendix 5 including sites of international, national, regional or sub- regional signifi cance. 36 A Regional Development Plans Local Developers Planning permissions Targets to be Approach to Local Development Authorities Regional granted contrary to developed Managing Flood Frameworks Environment Flood Defence Environment Agency Risk Shoreline Agency Committees advice on fl ood Management Plans defence grounds Catchment Flood Planning permissions Management Plans granted with Sustainable Urban Drainage Schemes (SuDS) No. properties at 1% fl ood risk No. strategic fl ood risk assessments undertaken 37 Regional Development Plans East Midlands Production of primary Annual regional Priorities for Local Development Regional land won aggregates apportionment Non-Energy Frameworks Aggregates produced by MPA targets (App 6) Minerals Regional Aggregates Working Party Production of recycled Apportionment Minerals and secondary Planning aggregates by MPA Authorities 38 Regional Waste EMRA Regional Strategy in place Strategy Technical by June 2005 Advisory Body for Waste Local Authorities REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 89

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 39 Regional Regional Waste Regional emda Capacity of waste To meet regional Priorities Strategy Technical Business Links management facilities targets in Figures for Waste Waste Management Advisory Body Waste Industry by type by WPA 2 & 3 Management for Waste Plans Voluntary sector Amount of controlled Zero growth in Recycling Plans Local waste arising controlled waste Authorities. and managed by by 2016 at the management type regional level % of each A minimum management type of 50% of represents of total household waste waste managed by recycled or WPA composted by all Proportion of waste Waste Collection diverted from landfi ll Authorities by 2015 Decrease in waste disposed of in landfi ll to meet national targets 40 Regional Development Plans Local Developers Capacity of additional 511 MWe by 2010 Priorities Local Development Authorities Businesses Combined Heat and for Energy Frameworks emda Power facilities Reduction and Regional Energy EMRA Effi ciency Strategy and Action Energy Plan Generators 41 Regional Development Plans Local Developers Capacity of additional To meet targets Priorities for Local Development Authorities renewable energy in Appendix 6 Renewable Frameworks emda facilities Energy Regional Energy EMRA Strategy and Action Plan 42 Regional Regional Transport Local SRA/DfT Rail Transport Strategy Authorities Public Transport Objectives Local Transport Plans Providers Development Plans Local Development Frameworks 43 Sub-area Local Transport Plans Local SRA/DfT Rail Transport Development Plans Authorities Public Transport Objectives Local Development Providers Frameworks 44 Regional Regional Transport Local EMRA Levels of traffi c Progressive Traffi c Growth Strategy Authorities SRA/DfT Rail growth reduction over Reduction Local Transport Plans Public Transport Highways Scale of congestion time in the rate Development Plans Providers Agency in urban areas and on of traffi c growth Developers inter-regional routes Reduction in congestion in urban areas and on inter-regional routes 90 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Policy Policy Title Key Implementation Lead Authority Other Key Indicators Targets No. Mechanism or Organisation Implementing Organisations 45 Behavioural Regional Transport Local EMRA No. of businesses and Year on year Change Strategy Authorities SRA/DfT Rail schools with travel increase in Local Transport Plans Public Transport Highways plans number of Development Plans Providers Agency % of workforce companies, employed by schools and Local Development emda employees Frameworks companies with travel plans covered by travel % of pupils attending plans schools with travel Increase in plans journeys made Journeys made by by cycle cycle No. and length of new cycle routes provided 46 Regional Regional Transport Local EMRA —— Priorities for Strategy Authorities Highways Parking Levies Local Transport Plans Agency and Road User Development Plans GOEM Charging 47 Regional Regional Transport Local EMRA New non-residential To meet Car Parking Strategy Authorities Highways development standards set out Standards Local Transport Plans Developers Agency complying with RTS in Appendix 7 Development Plans emda car-parking standards 48 A Regional Regional Transport Local SRA/DfT Rail —— Approach to Strategy Authorities GOEM Developing Local Transport Plans Public Transport EMRA Public Transport Providers Accessibility Criteria 49 Regional Heavy Regional Transport EMRA SRA/DfT Rail Punctuality and Punctuality Rail Investment Strategy Local Local reliability of services and reliability Priorities Local Transport Plans Authorities Authorities of rail services Route Utilisation Public Transport GOEM improved to at Studies Providers least 85% by emda 2006 and further LDFs improved by 2008 50 Regional Regional Transport Local EMRA Level of bus and light An increase at Priorities for Bus Strategy Authorities rail patronage the regional and Light Rail Local Transport Plans Public Transport level towards the Services Development Plans Providers national target of 12% by 2010 51 Regional Regional Transport Local EMRA Population served by Increase in Priorities for Strategy Authorities SRA/DfT Rail integrated ticketing population Integrating Local Transport Plans Public Transport schemes covered by Public Transport Development Plans Providers schemes 52 Regional Trunk Regional Transport Highways Local No. of people killed A decrease in Road Investment Strategy Agency Authorities or seriously injured in accidents at the Priorities Targeted Programme EMRA emda road accidents regional level of Improvements Congestion in urban towards the Local Transport Plans areas and international target of 40% by 2010 Development Plans regional routes Reduction of congestion in urban areas and on inter-regional routes REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 91

Appendix 4 – Regional Housing Provision

Housing provision figures were not reviewed as part of the • there are areas of the region that have significant RSS Revision, but following consideration of the Panel constraints on development. These are primarily in rural Report into the Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub- areas, the most significant being the Peak District Regional Spatial Strategy increased figures for National Park, which has its own independently derived Northamptonshire over the 20 year RSS period, have been housing provision. added. The annual average housing provision reflects a number of DERBYSHIRE factors, notably the projected increase of 345,000 in the In the former coalfield areas, policies to regenerate the number of households in the East Midlands in the area are intended to ensure that population migration into Government's 1996-based household projections up to and out of that area is in balance over the guidance period. 2021. The Regional Planning Body's adjustment for over- The contribution of new housing to regeneration has been estimated migration into Leicestershire reduced this figure recognised in the allocation. In the areas adjacent to by 13,000. In addition, an allowance in the period 1996— Sheffield and Manchester, a policy of restraint is needed in 2021 of 9,300 for the unmet needs of concealed and order to avoid urban sprawl and support the regeneration sharing households has been included. Transactional policies in urban areas. In the Derby area, it is planned that vacancies in new stock (about 2%) add 7,000 to the modest growth experienced in the recent past will requirement, but offset against that is an assumption that continue. vacancies in the existing stock should be reduced by a half per-cent, which will bring 8,600 dwellings back into use. No LEICESTERSHIRE allowance is made for demolitions, as a one-for-one replacement is assumed. Prospects for economic growth The trend based projection, after a reduction in projected are adjudged to add 4,000 households over and above the international migration, gives rise to a higher level of level of household increase in the 1996-based projections. household growth than any other part of the region. Although local economic development strategies propose The annual rates of provision should apply to all development plans until such time as the figures are the creation of more jobs than trend based economic amended as part of the next RSS review, which will take forecasts suggest, levels of net in-migration are expected into account the latest official household projections. to be consistent with labour requirements at the level of housing provision proposed. While it is intended to provide housing for the Region as a whole broadly in line with the trend of in-migration that LINCOLNSHIRE underlies the official household projections, account has been taken of the concerns that the projected scale of Lincolnshire has been a consistent area of growth for a international migration in Leicestershire may have been number of years. Historically high levels of in-migration over-estimated. have more than balanced a natural decrease of the resident population and helped maintain rural settlements. Housing provision for each county is intended to: More recently, employment related in-migrants have • address the issue of out-migration in areas in need of contributed to population growth, although there are parts regeneration which will be subject to an integrated set of of the area where this has led to higher levels of economic, social, environmental and transport policies commuting. The continuation of growth in a way that will and investment programmes; and increase the self-sufficiency and economic base of the • ensure that sufficient housing is provided, in locations county is sought, although at a rate that would reduce the that are consistent with the sequential approach, to likelihood of increased commuting and greenfield accommodate in-migration in areas of growing development in the south of the county. prosperity. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE In addition, the following considerations were taken into account: In the recent past, Northamptonshire has been one of the • increasing out-migration from metropolitan areas, most economically buoyant areas of the UK. Much of this resulting from patterns of travel to work, which mainly growth has been due to the county's role in impacts upon the south, west and north west fringes of accommodating the economic and social pressures of the region. This is a trend which the East Midlands other regions, particularly London and the South East, and strategy intends to discourage where it gives rise to the West Midlands. The Milton Keynes and South Midlands increasingly unsustainable patterns of commuting; Sub-Regional Strategy has examined the potential for • broad estimates of labour demand. Housing provision accommodating further growth within the county and cannot be closely related to labour demand, for a variety proposes a package of increased housing growth in of reasons, as housing provision for the region as a selected urban locations supported by infrastructure whole should reflect its economic prospects; and improvements and new job opportunities. 92 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE PEAK DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK The economic strength of the South Nottinghamshire area The requirement for the Peak District National Park is is reflected in the current household projection. In the based upon a continuation of existing policies that seek a former coalfield, promotional policies to regenerate the stable population for the National Park area. With minor area are intended to ensure that current out-migration is exceptions, the provision of newly built housing is redressed to achieve balance before the end of the RSS exclusively to meet the local need for affordable housing period. It is expected that the eastern part of the county and agricultural dwellings for local needs and this provision will experience some population growth. Therefore a small will be met within the Park. Further housing is provided increase overall in housing provision above trend may be where strict environmental and design criteria allow warranted. conversion of existing buildings. The housing provision is not regionally significant and only a nominal annual figure for the National Park is considered appropriate. REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 93

Appendix 5 – Regional Biodiversity Habitat Management and Recreation Targets Fe,LC,TV,WA Sub-area Area Natural hectares** hectares** existing date target – 2020 Year No. Regional Creation Targets Creation Regional Areas Priority Regional hectares* Year No. 480 2010 200 2005 575 P DP,SW No. No. hectares Regional Regional Management/ sites) (new Targets 56,000 400 2005 40 2010 59 P DP,SW 100,000 Restoration Restoration Targets eld margins Na 2200km 2010 5000km 2010 1,834 All DP All except pastures 23 lagoons Saline Na 63 2010 15 2010 59 E LC 22 Chalk rivers Na 80km 2010 0 E LC,LW 21 rivers*** Large Na 554km 2005 10km 2010 E,P,S,T TV & elsewhere 19 waters standing Eutrophic 20 waters standing Mesotrophic 178,000 n y a n y a 1000 ponds 2010 N y a All DP All except All Ch,DP,TV,WA,WP 18 beds Reed 5,000 100 2005 300 2005 87 E,T Fe,LC,TV 17 Fens Na 500 2005 1000 2010 E,T 2,675 Fe,TV 16 marsh Grazing 300,000 5000 2005 800 2005 17,285 E,T LC,TV 15 than above)*** (other Farmland Na n y a All All 14 Hedgerows 190,000kms 2500km 2010 1700km 2010 a All DP,Fe,SW,WP All except 13 ﬁ Cereal 11 dry acid grassland Lowland 12 meadows hay Lowland <30,000 n y a <15,000 3000 2010 250 610 2010 2010 3,094 E,N,T b Ch,CM,NL,Sh All DP All except 10 grassland calc Lowland 33,000-41,000 1200 2010 210 2010 3,735 E,N,P LL,LW,SM,WP 9 heathland Lowland 58,000 1000 2005 600 2005 1,326 E,N,T Ch,CM,NL,Sh 8 Upland heathland >2,000,000 16100 2010 3640 2010 a P DF,DP,SW,WP 7 and rush Purple moor grass 6 bog Blanket 1,485,000 9100 2015 Na a P DP,SW 5 Upland oak woodland 70,000- 4 ash woods Upland mixed Na 600 2010 75 2015 1,528 P WP 3 woodland Wet Na 2500 2010 440 2015 1,132 All All especially 12 trees*** Veteran and parkland pasture wood Lowland 20,000 5000 Na 2010 240 n y a 2010 346 All DP,Fe,LC All except All All Habitat UK Resource 94 Habitat UK Resource Regional Regional Creation Targets Regional Priority Areas REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THEEAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) Restoration Management/ Targets Targets (new sites) No. Year No. Year No. Sub-area Natural Area hectares hectares* hectares** existing target date – 2020 24 Salt marsh Na 5000 2010 520 2010 b E LC 25 Sand dunes Na 583 2010 90 2010 a E LC 26 Mud ﬂ ats Na 38000 2010 2700 2010 b E LC 27 Coastal vegetated shingle Na 42 2005 0 a E LC 28 Savellaria reefs Na n y a n y a E LC 29 Muddy gravels Na n y a n y a E LC 30 Modiolus beds Na n y a n y a E LC 31 Sub littoral sands and gravels Na n y a n y a E LC 32 Urban & post-industrial*** Na 3000 2010 All All 33 Metalliferrous grassland Na 300 2010 16 2010 P WP,DF

Notes: a) Methodology for new creation targets produced an impractically high result and therefore the existing target stands. b) Methodology for new creation targets produced a negative result for the period from the existing target until 2020 suggesting that the existing target is more than adequate in relation to the calculated regional resource. Therefore no additional target is required. The approach adopted in developing the management/restoration target was to recognise that so little semi-natural habitat remains in the region that it should be all managed to achieve a favourable condition. In developing the creation targets the definition used was the creation of a habitat type in a location where it has never occurred previously or where almost all traces of its previous existence have been lost. The different dates in the main table repeat the dates given in the national BAP habitat action plans. Na = Not available and Nya = Not yet available REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 95

* The creation figures have been derived from: • Published sources of information; • Scaling up from the Local Biodiversity Action Plans; • From work by the Regional Biodiversity Forum; and • By considering the Regional proportionate share of the England Biodiversity Action Plan Targets (as calculated by English Nature) adjusted by the Regional Biodiversity Forum. ** The creation figures (existing target date — 2020) have been derived from: • Published sources of information (including the Regional Targets for Biodiversity June 2000, which is due to be revised soon); • The regional share of nationally important natural areas for each priority habitat was calculated. This value was then applied to the published figures for the total England resource and total England creation target for each priority habitat. These figures were then summed to give the expected total, regional resource. The regional resource expected by the existing target date (i.e. the current restoration/management area added to the creation target for the existing target date) was subtracted from the newly derived figure to give the 2020 creation target. *** Not UK BAP priority habitats but local habitats of strategic significance. List of East Midlands sub-areas E Eastern N Northern PPeak S Southern T Three Cities List of East Midlands natural areas Ch Charnwood CM Coal Measures NL N Lincs Coversands & Clay Vales DF Derbys Peak Fringe & Lower Derwent DP Dark Peak Fe Fens LC Lincolnshire Coast and Marshes LL Lincolnshire and Rutland Limestone LW Lincolnshire Wolds MC Midland Clay Pastures NS Needwood & S Derbys Claylands RF Rockingham Forest Sh Sherwood SM Southern Magnesian Limestone SW South-west Peak TV Trent Valley and Rises WA West Anglian Plain WP White Peak YW Yardley-Whittlewood Ridge 96 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Appendix 6 – Regional Renewable Energy Targets (GWh/y) Electricity Electricity 2010 —— 21.72 15 118.3 5.1 41.7 46 344 122 319 10.6 39.1 100 700 18.4 137.3 400 1056 52.5 438 (MWe) Capacity Capacity target. Although target. are inappropriate. are e would best be sited and it may be sited best e would Midlands Region. Specific PDNP Midlands Region. (GWh/y) Electricity Electricity —— (MWe) Capacity Capacity 5 118.3 (GWh/y) Electricity 5 (MWe) Capacity Capacity (GWh/y) Electricity Electricity (MWe) Capacity Capacity (GWh/y) Electricity Electricity Leicestershire Lincolnshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire for Target Overall (MWe) Capacity Capacity 4 2 (GWh/y) Targets for Electricity Generation from Renewables in the East Midlands for 2010 Midlands for in the East Renewables from Generation Electricity for Targets Electricity 1 3 Derbyshire —— — — — —15 —— — — — ————— — — 10 75 20 149 10 75 6 45 1.6 12.7 1.2 9.3 1.1 9.1 0.6 5.3 0.6 5.3 4.2 33.1 3.4 26.9 2.4 18.9 3.6 20.5 4.8 37.9 (MWe) Capacity Capacity 6 ll Gas ll 8.5 71 18 150 7 59 14 116 5 42 Giga Watt — hours per year — hours Giga Watt Biomass figures include Forestry Residues include Forestry figures Biomass be that developers put forward plans for a scheme in another area. The targets should not be seen to imply that such proposals to should not be seen targets The in another area. a scheme plans for put forward be that developers Northamptonshire has been given as a suitable location for a poultry litter plant, it is debatable in which county area a schem area in which county it is debatable plant, litter a poultry for location as a suitable has been given Northamptonshire For poultry litter a scheme would generally need to have a capacity of above 7MW, and so only one scheme has been shown in the has been shown only one scheme and so 7MW, above of a capacity have need to generally would a scheme poultry litter For Mega Watt electrical capacity electrical Mega Watt targets for each technology are set out in the Draft Regional Energy Strategy Energy Regional out in the Draft set are technology each for targets Derbyshire figures include a target for the area within the Peak District National Park excluding those areas outside the East the East outside areas those excluding National Park District within the Peak the area for include a target figures Derbyshire County Areas include Unitary Authorities, with figures for Rutland included in the Leicestershire total. included in the Leicestershire Rutland for with figures Authorities, include Unitary Areas County Biomass Biomass Litter – Poultry TOTAL 53.6 223.93 55 319.54 72.8 346.26 55.5 366.36 34.7 183.03 671.6 2495.12 Biomass – Wet – Wet Biomass Wastes Agric Marine (Wave/ Tidal) Landﬁ Anaerobic Digestion Onshore WindOnshore 36 94 22 58 42 110 12 31 10 26 Solar – PVSolar 0.5 0.43 0.4 0.34 0.3 0.26 0.3 0.26 0.5 0.43 Offshore WindOffshore — — — — — — — — Hydro 2.8 12.7 — — — — — — 7.8 26.4 Biomass – Biomass Crops Energy Renewable Renewable Energy Technology Coal Mine Methane Overall Target for 2010 for Target Overall Mine Methane Coal 1 2 3 4 5 6 Summary of County Area County Summary of REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 97

Appendix 7 – Regional Car Parking Standards

1. Introduction (i) Area Differences There are distinct differences between the 1.1 Existing national planning policy guidance stresses characteristics of the cities compared to the towns the need for land-use planning policies which in the conurbations, and also compared to the free reduce the need for travel. However, if such policies standing rural towns, in particular in relation to are to succeed, they need to be supported by other opportunities for using alternative modes to the measures such as transport. In particular, the private car. As a result, consideration has been given availability of car parking has a major influence on to different levels of maximum parking provision for the choice of means of travel and therefore, city, urban and rural situations. For clarification appropriate car parking policies are necessary. ‘urban settlements’ are defined as shown in Table A. 1.2 For new developments, PPG13 suggests that The ‘cities’ in Table B are defined for these purposes maximum levels of car parking provision should be as Derby, Leicester, Northampton and Nottingham. set for broad land-use classes and locations, but it is (ii) Definition of Location unlikely to be appropriate in future for development to be provided with as many car parking spaces as Use has been made of established terminology from there are employees. In this way, reduced levels of PPG6. parking will act as a demand management tool as (iii) Estimate of Number of Employees part of package of measures designed to influence Existing employee density data for each of the three and encourage more sustainable travel behaviour. broad employment uses (B1 Office, B2 General PPG13 also states that strategic policies on parking Industry/B1 Non-Office, and B8 Warehousing) should be included in Regional Planning Guidance indicates the following square metre/employee: and Structure Plans to avoid the destructive potential for competitive provision of parking by Out of Urban Rural Out of neighbouring authorities. City Centre Town 2. Regional Context B1 14 16 16 16 2.1 As a first step in following the advice of PPG13, the B2 30 35 35 35 University of Westminster was commissioned to undertake a study (the East Midlands Joint Car B8 78 78 78 78 Parking Study) of the three conurbations of Derby, (iv) Targets for Employees Driving to Work Leicester and Nottingham. The main aim of the study was to investigate the use and need for Based on reducing existing levels of employees parking at various types of development. One of the driving to work in line with expectations of local conclusions of the study was that, in general, transport plans and likely opportunities to transfer existing parking provision, particularly for to alternative modes, targets for employees driving employment uses, was generous. to work have been set as follows: City Urban Rural 2.2 As highlighted by the Transport White Paper, employees driving to work and enjoying free City/Town Centre Nil 30% 40% parking at their workplace account for a significant proportion of peak hour congestion. Therefore, an Out of City Centre 40% n/a n/a important contribution to reducing traffic Rest of Town n/a 50% 55% growth/congestion can be made if local authorities use their development control powers to limit the Out of Town/City 65% 65% 65% amount of parking associated with new business premises. With this in mind, a regional working (v) Utilisation Factor group used the results of the study as a basis for Research indicates that in some circumstances all determining a regional approach to producing new employees driving to work do not necessarily use restraint-based maximum levels of car parking spaces provided for them. This suggests the provision for new employment development. following utilisation factors: 3. Methodology City Urban Rural 3.1 The methodology for deriving the standards for the Town/City Centre n/a 90% 100% larger employment developments is set out below. It Rest of Town/City 35–90% 90% 100% relates parking provision directly to the number of employees and has five key elements: Out of Town/City 100% 100% 100% 98 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

The combined effects of employee density, targets 6. Residential Development for employees driving to work and utilisation factors 6.1 Local authorities should include in their have been used to help derive the maximum levels development plans parking standards that take of parking provision for different areas/locations for account of the advice in paragraphs 59 to 62 of the three broad categories of employment PPG3. This says that car parking standards that development as shown in Table B. result, on average, in development with more than 1.5 off street car parking spaces per dwelling are 4. Other Developments unlikely to reflect the Government’s emphasis on 4.1 The proposed maximum parking standards for other securing sustainable residential environments. development uses shown in Table C have been derived from PPG13. 7. Future Steps 7.1 The proposed maximum levels of parking provision 5. Development Below Threshold represent a significant degree of restraint in 5.1 PPG13, paragraph 53, states that for a smaller scale locations such as city/town centres where development below the relevant threshold, local accessibility to public transport is good, but have authorities should use their discretion in setting the less of a restraining effect in other locations, such levels of parking appropriate for small as rural areas, where there are currently less developments so as to reflect local circumstances. opportunities to consider alternative modes to the This approach should not undermine efforts to keep car. They are seen as a first stage in an evolving parking levels for new development, generally below process, as the effects of measures proposed in the maximum levels set out in Table B. local transport plans begin to take effect. The methodology for employment development permits further restraint to be applied by simply revising the targets for employees driving to work.

Table A: ‘Urban Settlements’

Derbyshire Leicestershire Lincolnshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Rutland Borrowash Oadby/Wigston Lincoln Kettering Arnold (none) Brimington Earl Shilton/ Wellingborough Beeston Chesterfield Barwell Corby Carlton Ilkeston Hinckley/Burbage Daventry Hucknall Long Eaton Loughborough/ Rushden Stapleford Sandiacre Shepshed Brackley West Bridgford Staveley Towcester Eastwood Kimberley Mansfield Mansfield Woodhouse Warsop Sutton-in-Ashfield Kirkby-in-Ashfield Note: The Transport Group of the RPB undertook the classification of settlements as urban REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 99

Table B: Proposed Maximum Parking Provision

New Employment Use (above 2,500 m2 gross floor space) B1: Office Use Cities Urban Rural Town Centre/Edge of Centre 1/100m2 1/60m2 1/40m2 Rest of Town 1/40m2 1/35m2 1/30m2 Out of Town 1/30m2 1/30m2 1/30m2 B2: General Industry/B1 non-offfice Town Centre/Edge of Centre 1/215m2 1/130m2 1/90m2 Rest of Town 1/85m2 1/80m2 1/65m2 Out of Town 1/55m2 1/55m2 1/55m2 B8: Warehousing Town Centre/Edge of Centre 1/450m2 1/300m2 1/200m2 Rest of Town 1/215m2 1/180m2 1/150m2 Out of Town 1/120m2 1/120m2 1/120m2

Table C: Other Development Uses

Use Maximum Parking Provision Threshhold Above Which Standard 1 space per square metre (m2) Applies (gross floorspace) of gross floorspace unless otherwise stated Food Retail 1 Space per 14 m2 1,000m2 Non Food Retail 1 Space per 20 m2 1,000m2 Cinemas and Conference Facilities 1 Space per 5 seats 1,000m2 D2 (other than cinemas, 1 Space per 22 m2 1,000m2 conference facilities and stadia) Higher and Further 1 space per 2 staff + 12,500m2 Education 1 space per 15 students (see note 1) Stadia 1 space per 15 seats (see note 2) 1,500 seats Notes: 1. The guideline for students relates to the total number of students attending an educational establishment, rather than full-time equivalent figures. 2. For stadia, sufficient coach parking should be provided to the satisfaction of the local authority and treated separately from car parking. Coach parking should be designed and managed so that it will not be used for car parking. 3. Parking for the disabled should be additional to the guideline. Development proposals should provide adequate parking for disabled motorists, in terms of numbers and design (see Traffic Advice Leaflet 5/95, Parking for Disabled People). 4. For mixed-use development, the gross floorspace given over to each use should be used to calculate the overall total maximum parking figure. 100 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Appendix 8 – Table 1: Regional Transport Investment Priorities (Note that the timescale for implementation of schemes is indicative only, representing the most realistic estimate as of February 2005) Investment Objective RTS Mechanism Delivery Organisation(s) Lead Status Supporting Timetable for Implementation Priority Documents 2006/11 2016/21 2011/16 2001/6

East Coast Mainline 1, 4, 6 SRA/DfT SRA/DfT Under SRA Strategic Enhancements Rail Rail Investigation Plan Midland Mainline 1, 4, 6 SRA/DfT SRA/DfT Under SRA Strategic Upgrade (following Rail Rail Investigation Plan RUS) West Coast 1, 4, 6 SRA/DfT SRA/DfT Under SRA Strategic Mainline Upgrade Rail Rail Investigation Plan / Committed M1 (J 21-30) 4, 5 TPI Highways Committed M1MMS/ Improvement Agency Ministerial Announcement M1 J19 4, 5 TPI Highways Committed J19 RBS/ Improvement Agency Ministerial Announcement A1 (Peterborough- 4, 5 TPI Highways Committed Ministerial Blyth) Junction Agency Announcement Improvements A14 (Kettering 1, 4, 5 TPI Highways Under LSM MMS/ Bypass) Widening Agency Appraisal MKSM Study/ Ministerial Announcement A14 (M1 to 1, 4, 5 TPI Highways Under LSM MMS/ Kettering) Widening Agency Investigation MKSM Study/ Ministerial Announcement A14 (Kettering to 1, 4, 5 TPI Highways Under LSM MMS/ Ellington) Widening Agency Investigation MKSM Study/ Ministerial Announcement A38 (Derby 1, 5 TPI Highways Under A38 RBS/ Junctions) Agency Appraisal Ministerial Improvement Announcement A45 (Stanwick- 1, 4, 5 TPI Highways Under LSM MMS/ Thrapston) Agency Investigation MKSM Study Improvement A46 (Newark- 1, 4, 5 TPI Highways Committed Ministerial Widmerpool) Agency Announcement Improvement A453 (M1- 1, 5 TPI Highways Committed A453 MMS/ Nottingham) Agency Ministerial Improvement Announcement A628 (Mottram- 1, 4, 5 TPI/LTP Highways Committed SPITS/1998 Tintwistle Bypass), Agency White Paper including Glossop /Local Spur Authorities REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 101

Investment Objective RTS Mechanism Delivery Organisation(s) Lead Status Supporting Timetable for Implementation Priority Documents 2006/11 2016/21 2011/16 2001/6

A46/A1 Winthorpe 1, 4, 5 TPI Highways Under A46 RMS Junction Agency Investigation Improvement, Newark A46/A607 Junction 1, 4, 5 TPI Highways Under A46 RMS Grade Separation, Agency Investigation Syston Improved Surface 1, 4, 6 SRA/DfT SRA/DfT For Future LSM MMS/ Access by Public Rail/ Rail/Local Consideration A453 MMS/M1 Transport to major LTP/ Authorities/ MMS/Airport airports serving the Private TOCs White Paper region Sector A5 Improvements, 5 TPI Highways Under WEMS near Hinckley Agency Investigation

Glossary of Terms DfT Department for Transport LTP Local Transport Plan MBU ‘Making Best Use’ Trunk Road Improvement (<£5m) MKSM Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy MMS Multi Modal Study RBS Road Based Study RMS Route Management Strategy RUS Route Utilisation Study SPITS South Pennines Integrated Transport Strategy SRA Strategic Rail Authority (Note that SRA main functions will be transferred to DfT Rail after 2005) TPI Targeted Programme of Trunk Road Improvements (>£5m)

Implementation: Unless otherwise stated implementation means when construction is likely to take place. Committed: Funding agreed in principle, although detailed design and statutory procedures may be outstanding Under Appraisal: MMS/RBS schemes endorsed in principle by Ministers, but not committed Under Investigation: Schemes arising from MMS/RBS or other formal processes, but which have yet to be endorsed or committed For Future Consideration: Other schemes necessary to deliver the RTS, but which have yet to be clearly deﬁ ned 102 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Appendix 8 – Table 2: Sub-area Transport Investment Priorities Eastern Sub Area

Investment Objective RTS Objective Sub-area Mechanism Delivery Organisation(s) Lead Status Supporting Timetable for Priority Documents Implementation 2006/11 2016/21 2011/16 2001/6

Lincoln Rail 1, 3, E1 LTP Lincolnshire For Future Feasibility Corridor and 5 County Council Consideration Studies Station Project Expansion 1, 2, E4, LTP/ Lincolnshire For Future LTP of Inter- 6 E5 Bus County Council Consideration Connect Public Operators Transport Initiative Improved 1, 6 E1 SRA/DfT SRA/DfT Rail/ Under Rail Services Rail/TOCs Local authorities Appraisal between Lincoln and other major cities including London Improved rail 2, 3, E4, SRA/DfT SRA/DfT Rail/ Under services on 6 E5, Rail local authorities/ Investigation Skegness line E6 Community Rail Partnership Increased 4, 6 E3 SRA/DfT SRA/DfT Rail/ Under capacity for Rail/TOCs Local authorities Investigation E-W rail freight movements A1073 2, 4, E5, LTP Lincolnshire Committed LTP Spalding – Eye 5 E6 County Council Improvement* A158/C541 2, 3, E4, LTP Lincolnshire Committed LTP Coastal Access 5 E5, County Council E6 Lincoln Eastern 1, 3, E1 LTP/ERDF Lincolnshire For Future Feasibility Bypass/Growth 5 County Council Consideration Studies Corridor Boston 1, 3, E3, Partnership Lincolnshire For Future Feasibility Southern 5 E5 County Council Consideration Studies Economic Corridor A1133 2, 5 E6 LTP Nottinghamshire For Future Feasibility Collingham County Council Consideration Study Bypass A 612 Southwell 2, 5 E6 LTP Nottinghamshire For Future Feasibility Bypass County Council Consideration Study A606 Oakham 2,5 E6 LTP Rutland County Committed Bypass Council

* A1073 Spalding-Eye Improvement is remitted to the region for a start date REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 103

Peak Sub Area

Investment Objective RTS Objective Sub-area Mechanism Delivery Organisation(s) Lead Status Supporting Timetable for Priority Documents Implementation 2006/11 2016/21 2011/16 2001/6

Increasing 6 P1, LTP/SRA/ Derbyshire CC/ For Future capacity on the P2, DfT Rail SRA/DfT Rail Consideration Hope Vallley P4 Line Asbourne 2, 5 P4 LTP Derbyshire For Future LTP Bypass County Council Consideration (Derbyshire)

Northern Sub Area

Investment Objective RTS Objective Sub-area Mechanism Delivery Organisation(s) Lead Status Supporting Timetable for Priority Documents Implementation 2006/11 2016/21 2011/16 2001/6

Mansﬁ eld Public 1, 5, N1 LTP Notts CC For Future Feasability Transport 6 Consideration Study Interchange Development 3, 5, N2, LTP Derbyshire CC/ Under M1MMS/ of Rail Freight 6 N3 MEGZ Ltd Investigation Coal ﬁ elds Links into MEGZ Task Force Report A610 Ripley, 3, 5 N1, LTP Derbyshire CC For Future LTP Codnor, N2, Consideration Woodlinkin N3 Improvements A617 Pleasley 5 N3 LTP Notts CC Under M1MMS Bypass Appraisal

A617 Glapwell 5 N3 LTP Derbyshire CC Under M1MMS Bypass Appraisal Markham 3, 5 N1, LTP Derbyshire CC/ Committed Coalﬁ elds Employment N3 MEGZ Ltd Task Force Growth Zone Report (MEGZ) 104 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Southern Sub Area

Investment Objective RTS Objective Sub-area Mechanism Delivery Organisation(s) Lead Status Supporting Timetable for Priority Documents Implementation 2006/11 2016/21 2011/16 2001/6

Improvement 1, 3, S1, SRA/DfT SRA/DfT Rail/ Under MKSM Rail Services 4, 5, S2, Rail/LDV/ TOCs/Local Investigation Study/LSM from 6 S3 Private Authorities MMS Northampton to Sector London Improved 1, 3, S1, SRA/DfT SRA/DfT Rail/ For Future MKSM Rail Services 4, 5, S2, Rail/LDV/ TOCs Consideration Study/LSM from Corby to 6 S3 Private MMS London Sector Improved 1, 4, S1, LDV/LTP/ LDV/TOCs/Local Under MKSM Study Northampton/ 5, 6 S2 Private Authorities Investigation Bedford/ Sector Cambridge Public Transport Links Development 1, 4, S4, LTP/Private SRA/DfT Rail/ Under EM Freight of new and 5 S5 Sector Freight Industry/ Investigation Study existing Local Authorities intermodal freight terminals A43 Corby Link 1, 3 S1, LTP Northants CC Committed LTP/MKSM Road S3 Study

A509 Isham 1, 5 S1, LTP Northants CC Committed LTP/MKSM Bypass Study

A509 Isham to 1, 5 S1 LTP Northants CC Under LTP/MKSM Wellingborough Investigation Study

Midland 1 S1 Growth Northants CC Committed MKSM Study Road Bridge Area Wellingborough Funding Wellingborough 1 S1 Private Northants CC Under MKSM Study East Distributor Sector Investigation Road REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8) 105

Three Cities Sub Area

Investment Objective RTS Objective Sub-area Mechanism Delivery Organisation(s) Lead Status Supporting Timetable for Priority Documents Implementation 2006/11 2016/21 2011/16 2001/6

Nottingham 1, 5, T1, LTP Nottingham City Under A453 MMS Workplace 6 T2 Council Appraisal Parking Levy Scheme East Midlands 1, 4, T1, Private Midland Mainline Committed M1/A453 Parkway Station 5, 6 T4, Sector MMS T6 Nottingham 1, 3, T1, LTP Nottingham City Under M1/A453 Light Rail 5, 6 T3 Council/Notts CC Investigation MMS Extensions Development 1, 3, T1, LTP Leicester Under M1 MMS of Public 5, 6 T3 City Council/ Investigation Transport In Leicestershire Leicester CC Development of 1, 5, T1, LTP’s Local Under M1/A453 new Park and 6 T6 Authorities/ Investigation MMS Ride Schemes Highways in the M1 Agency Corridor Improved Rail 1, 3, T2, SRA/DfT SRA/Dft Rail/ For Future M1 MMS/ Passenger 4, 5, T6 Rail TOCs Consideration RUS Services 6 between 3 Cities and with other major cities including London Development 1, 5, T5, LTP’s/ Local For Future EM Freight of major inter- 6 T4, SRA/DfT Authorities/ Consideration StudyDevel- modal freight T6 Rail/Private SRA/DfT Rail/ opment terminal for Sector Private Sector 3 Cities and NEMA Development 6 T5 LTP Notts County Under M1 MMS/EM of an Inland Council/Inland Investigation Freight Port at Colwick Waterways Study (Notts) Authority Extension 1, 5, T1, LTP Notts CC/ For Future Feasability of Robin 6 T2, Nottingham City/ Consideration Study Hood Line to T3 Derbyshire CC/ Bingham New Station at 5, 6 T1, LTP Derbyshire CC For Future Ilkeston T2, Consideration T3 Rail Station 1, 5, T1, LTP’s Local Under Feasability Master-plans in 6 T2, Authorities/ Investigation Studies Derby, Leicester T3 SRA/DFT Rail & Nottingham 106 REGIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY FOR THE EAST MIDLANDS (RSS8)

Three Cities Sub Area – Continued

Investment Objective RTS Objective Sub-area Mechanism Delivery Organisation(s) Lead Status Supporting Timetable for Priority Documents Implementation 2006/11 2016/21 2011/16 2001/6

Fixed Transport 4, 6 T4, LTP’s Local Authorities Under M1 MMS Link to NEMA T6 Strategic Emda Investigation Plan Gedling 1, 5, T1, LTP Nottinghamshire Committed LTP Integrated 6 T2 CC Transport Scheme Derby Major 1, 5, T1, LTP Derby City Under Integrated 6 T3 Council Investigation Transport Scheme Earl Shilton 5 T6 LTP Leicestershire Under Bypass CC Investigation (Leicestershire) Kegworth 5 T6 TPI HA/ *Committed M1 MMS Bypass Leicestershire (Leicestershire) CC Kibworth 5 T6 LTP Leicestershire For Future Bypass CC Consideration Leicestershire Loughborough 1, 5 T6 LTP Leicestershire For Future Inner CC Consideration Relief Road (Leicestershire) Nottingham 1, 5, T1, LTP Nottingham City Committed City Centre 6 T3, Council Major Scheme T6 Leicester West 1, 5, T1, 3, LTP Leicestershire Under Transport 6 T6 CC/Leicester Investigation Scheme City Council Nottingham 1, 5, T1, LTP Nottingham City Under Ring Road 6 T3, Council Investigation Major Scheme T6 A6096 Ilkeston 2, 3, T3, LTP Derbyshire CC/ Committed Awsworth Link 5 T6 Notts CC

New River Trent 5 T6 LTP Nottingham City Under A52 MMS Crossing Council/Notts CC Investigation

A6211 Gedling 5 T6 LTP Private Sector Under A52 MMS Bypass Investigation

Glossary of Terms ERDF European Regional Development Fund Committed: Funding agreed in principle, although detailed design and LTP Local Transport Plan statutory procedures may be outstanding LDV Local Delivery Vehicle — this refers to the West Under Appraisal: MMS/RBS schemes endorsed in principle by Northamptonshire Urban Development Corporation (UDC) Ministers, but not committed and the North Northamptonshire Together Under Investigation: Schemes arising from MMS/RBS or other formal MKSM Milton Keynes and South Midlands Sub-Regional Strategy processes, but which have yet to be endorsed or committed MMS Multi Modal Study For Future Consideration: Other schemes necessary todeliver the RBS Road Based Study RTS, but which have yet to be clearly defined RUS Route Utilisation Study SRA Strategic Rail Authority (Note that SRA main functions will be *Kegworth Bypass is now included as part of the M1 (J21-30) Improvement transferred to DfT Rail after 2005) TOC Train Operating Company