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Erinnerungs- Kulturen Des 20.Jahr- Hunderts Im Vergleich

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Erinnerungs- Kulturen Des 20.Jahr- Hunderts Im Vergleich SABZ_copertina_20140904 04.09.14 11:11 Seite 1 Hefte zur Bozner Stadtgeschichte Herausgegeben von/a cura di 7 Quaderni di storia cittadina Hannes Obermair & Sabrina Michielli Culture della memoria del Novecento a confronto Novecento del memoria della Culture Vergleich 20. des im Jahrhunderts Erinnerungskulturen Erinnerungskulturen, Geschichtspolitiken und Aufarbeitungsdis- kurse sind bekanntermaßen ein umkämpftes Feld – lokal wie über- regional. Warum ist das so? Dieser Frage möchten die Beiträge dieses Bandes anhand von Fallstudien und exemplarischen Erörterungen Erinnerungs- auf den Grund gehen. Die Publikation dokumentiert zugleich mehrere Veranstaltungen, die das Stadtarchiv Bozen in den vergangenen Jahren zeithistorischen Fragestellungen gewidmet hat. Dabei konnte eine Vielzahl von Refe- kulturen rentInnen sowohl aus Stadt und Region wie auch aus dem größe ren deutsch- und italienischsprachigen Raum für historische Aufklä- rungs- und Vermittlungsarbeit gewonnen werden. In vier Themen- kreisen werden Fragen von Geschichte, Erinnerung und Gedächtnis anhand Südtiroler, italienischer und deutscher Beispiele diskutiert. des 20.Jahr- Culture della memoria, politiche della storia e discorsività anali- tica sono per la loro natura dei settori discussi, sia a livello locale sia a livello transnazionale. Quali ne sono le cause? A questa domanda i con tributi qui riuniti tentano di dare delle risposte sulla scorta di studi hunderts im esemplari e offrendo anche spunti metodologici. Al contempo la pubblicazione è una documentazione delle tante manifestazioni pubbliche di storia contemporanea, di cui l’Archi- vio Sto rico della Città di Bolzano si è fatto carico negli ultimi anni. In questo contesto, un gran numero di relatori e relatrici di prove- Vergleich / nienza locale, nazionale e internazionale, di lingua tedesca e italiana, ha reso possibile un approfondimento di tematiche storiche com- plesse. Il ricco e variegato rapporto tra storia, ricordo e memoria è illustrato da casi paradigmatici riconducibili all’area altoatesina, italiana nonché germanica. Culture della 7 Quaderni di storia di cittadinaQuaderni Hefte Stadtgeschichte Bozner zur memoria del Novecento a confronto SABZ_copertina_20140904 04.09.14 11:11 Seite 2 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 1 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 2 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 3 Hefte zur Bozner Stadtgeschichte 7 Quaderni di storia cittadina Erinnerungskulturen des 20. Jahrhunderts im Vergleich Culture della memoria del Novecento a confronto SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 25.09.14 11:13 Seite 4 Assessorato alla Cultura e alla Convivenza Assessorat für Kultur und aktives Zusammenleben Ufficio Servizi museali e storico-artistici Amt für Museen und kunsthistorische Kulturgüter Stadtarchiv Bozen/Archivio Storico della Città di Bolzano Erinnerungskulturen des 20.Jahrhunderts im Vergleich Culture della memoria del Novecento a confronto Herausgegeben von / a cura di Hannes Obermair & Sabrina Michielli Layout/progetto grafico www.Lupe.it Druck/stampa Litografica Editrice Saturnia, Trento Website/sito ufficiale www.gemeinde.bozen.it/stadtarchiv www.comune.bolzano.it/archiviostorico ISBN 978–88–907060–9–7 © 2014 Stadtarchiv Bozen/Archivio Storico della Città di Bolzano Alle Rechte vorbehalten/Tutti i diritti riservati SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 5 Zum Gedenken an/In memoria di Christoph Hartung von Hartungen (1955−2013) Veronika Mittermair (1963–2003) SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 6 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 7 Erinnerungskulturen des 20. Jahrhunderts im Vergleich/ Culture della memoria del Novecento a confronto Herausgegeben von / a cura di Hannes Obermair & Sabrina Michielli SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 8 Inhaltsverzeichnis / Indice I. Erinnerungskulturen regional/Culture della memoria locali Hans Heiss – Hannes Obermair Culture della memoria in contrasto. L’esempio della città di Bolzano-Bozen dal 2000 al 2010 .............................. 19 II. Franz Innerhofer und der frühe Faschismus in Bozen/ Franz Innerhofer e il primo fascismo a Bolzano Stefan Lechner Der „Bozner Blutsonntag“: Ereignisse, Hintergründe und Folgen .................. 37 Andrea Di Michele Squadrismo e primo fascismo a Bolzano ................................................... 47 Günther Pallaver Südtirol studieren, um den Faschismus zu verstehen ................................... 55 III. Exodus und Diaspora – die flüssigen Grenzen/ Esodo e diaspora – i confini liquidi Giorgio Mezzalira I profughi giuliano-dalmati in Alto Adige. Profilo storico, sociale e statistico .............................................................67 8 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 9 Gustavo Corni L’esodo degli italiani da Istria e Dalmazia .................................................. 75 Cinzia Villani Infrangere le frontiere: L’arrivo delle ‘displaced persons’ ebree in Italia (1945–1948): flussi, vie d’ingresso e politiche d’accoglienza .............................................97 IV. Geschichte – Erinnerung – Raum/Storia – memoria – spazio Hannes Heer Wie kann man die Geschichte des Holocaust und des Vernichtungskrieges erzählen? Über Erinnerungspolitik in einer erinnerungsresistenten Gesellschaft ...............................................115 Rolando Dondarini Bologna tra guerra e stragi: le difficoltà di evocare ferite mai rimarginate ..............................................154 John Foot Divided Memories in Italy: Stories from the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries ...................................172 Paola Trevisan Le ricerche sull’internamento dei Sinti e dei Rom in Italia durante il regime fascista ........................................................................189 9 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 10 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 11 Einführung/Introduzione Come entrare con un dibattito storico nel presente delle politiche memoriali? È questa la sfida che l’Assessorato alla Cultura, tramite l’Archivio Storico cittadino, tenta di affrontare da diversi anni ormai, con sempre maggior successo, se mi è con- sentito dirlo. Notiamo infatti gli aspetti positivi di un atteggiamento attento alle no- zioni storiche, non più rinchiuse in una torre d’avorio ma disseminate per i quartieri della città e rivolte alle scolaresche e alla cittadinanza attiva. Ovvero si alza il livello di coscienza e di compartecipazione, e di difesa dei valori democratici quale naturale conseguenza della diffusione di conoscenze storiche, basate su una ricerca seria e impe - gnata. Di ciò l’Archivio Storico attraverso innumerevoli conferenze, nonché le sue pub- blicazioni, si è fatto portatore negli ultimi anni, ed è un impegno fortemente sostenuto dall’Assessorato, foriero di risultati importanti che, per citare un esempio altamente significativo, hanno positivamente condizionato i lavori, non facili, per la realizzazione del percorso espositivo “BZ ’18–’45: un monumento, una città, due dittature” negli spazi sotterranei del Monumento alla Vittoria, vero banco di prova di una società civile matura e autoriflessiva. Pat rizia Trincanato Stadträtin für Kultur und aktives Zusammenleben Assessora alla Cultura e alla Convivenza 11 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 12 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 13 Einführung/Introduzione Erinnerungskulturen, Geschichtspolitiken und Aufarbeitungsdiskurse sind be- kanntermaßen ein umkämpftes Feld – lokal wie überregional. Warum ist das so? Dieser Frage möchten die Beiträge dieses Bandes anhand von Fallstudien und exemplarischen Erörterungen auf den Grund gehen. Die meisten der folgenden Essays verdanken sich Veranstaltungen, die das Stadt- archiv Bozen im letzten Jahrfünft seiner Tätigkeit zeithistorischen Fragestellungen ge- widmet hat. Dabei konnte eine Vielzahl von ReferentInnen sowohl aus Stadt und Region wie auch aus dem größeren deutsch- und italienischsprachigen Raum für Auf- klärungs- und Vermittlungsarbeit gewonnen werden. Für eine intensiv teilnehmende Stadtöffentlichkeit wurde sicht- und erfahrbar, dass auch historische Debatten we- sentlich diskursiven Charakter tragen. Im Kern leben sie vom achtsamen Verhandeln der verfügbaren Wissensbestände – der „Tatsachen“ –, die freilich nur vor dem Hin- tergrund einer reflexiven, die Beobachtenden selbst zum Thema machenden Ausei- nandersetzung auf sinnvolle und zufriedenstellende Weise zum Sprechen gebracht werden können. Der Sammelband ist demnach seinem Wesen nach eine Dokumentation, die die vielfältigen Anregungen der einzelnen Referate dauerhaft zugänglich machen möchte. Darüber hinaus will die mehrsprachige Publikation ansatzweise auch wissenschaftsprakti- sche Vermittlungsfunktion ausüben. Es ist gerade in Bozen besonders reizvoll, erinnerungs- kulturelle Frageweisen aus der sich ergänzenden und mitunter sich überschneidenden italienischen und deutschen Perspektive zu beleuchten. Die unterschiedlichen Sprachen transportieren bisweilen auch divergierende Bedeutungsebenen und Wissenschaftsstile, führen aber auch den Common Sense einer an den Debatten der letzten Jahrzehnte ge- schulten und transnational agierenden Geschichtsforschung vor Augen. 13 SABZ_Layout7_20140912_print 12.09.14 07:46 Seite 14 Die Themen der „Erinnerungsgeschichte“ werden in vier thematischen Einheiten mit jeweils zunehmendem Umfang angesprochen. Der erste Block erfüllt vor allem die Funktion einer Einführung aus regionaler Sicht – das Beispiel der Stadt Bozen macht
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