Optical Networking Solutions Guide
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Long-Range Free-Space Optical Communication Research Challenges Dr
Long-Range Free-Space Optical Communication Research Challenges Dr. Scott A. Hamilton, MIT Lincoln Laboratory and Prof. Joseph M. Khan, Stanford University The substantial benefits of free-space optical (FSO) or laser communications (lasercom) have been well known to system designers for quite some time, c.f. [1]. The free-space channel, similar to the fiber channel, provides many benefits at optical frequencies compared to radio frequencies (RF) including extremely wide unregulated bandwidth and tightly confined beams (i.e. narrow beam divergence), both of which enable low size, weight and power (SWaP) terminals. However, significant challenges are still perceived: stochastic intensity fluctuations in a received optical signal after propagating through the atmosphere, power-starved link mode of operation, and narrow transmit beams that must be precisely pointed and tracked. Since the late 1970’s the United States [2], Europe [3] and Japan [4] have actively been developing FSO technology motivated primarily for long-haul spaceborne communication systems. While early efforts were focused on maturing FSO technology, the past decade has seen significant progress toward demonstrating the practicality of FSO for multiple applications. The first high-rate demonstration of FSO between a satellite in Geosynchronous (GEO) orbit and the ground was achieved by the US during the GeoLITE experiment in 2001. A short time later, the European Space Agency (ESA) demonstrated a 50- Mbps FSO link operating at 800-nm wavelengths between their Artemis GEO satellite and: i) another ESA spacecraft in Low-Earth orbit (LEO) in 2001 [5]; ii) a ground station located in Tenerife, Spain in 2001 [6]; and iii) an airplane flying at altitudes as low as 6,000 meters outfitted with an FSO terminal developed by France’s Astrium EADS in 2006 [7]. -
Optical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500)
Optical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500) Massoud Karbassian [email protected] Contents Optical Communications: Review Optical Communications and Photonics Why Photonics? Basic Knowledge Optical Communications Characteristics How Fibre-Optic Works? Applications of Photonics Optical Communications: System Approach Optical Sources Optical Modulators Optical Receivers Modulations Optical Networking: Review Core Networks: SONET, PON Access Networks Optical Networking: Evolution Summary 2 Optical Communications and Photonics Photonics is the science of generating, controlling, processing photons. Optical Communications is the way of interacting with photons to deliver the information. The term ‘Photonics’ first appeared in late 60’s 3 Why Photonics? Lowest Attenuation Attenuation in the optical fibre is much smaller than electrical attenuation in any cable at useful modulation frequencies Much greater distances are possible without repeaters This attenuation is independent of bit-rate Highest Bandwidth (broadband) High-speed The higher bandwidth The richer contents Upgradability Optical communication systems can be upgraded to higher bandwidth, more wavelengths by replacing only the transmitters and receivers Low Cost For fibres and maintenance 4 Fibre-Optic as a Medium Core and Cladding are glass with appropriate optical properties!!! Buffer is plastic for mechanical protection 5 How Fibre-Optic Works? Snell’s Law: n1 Sin Φ1 = n2 Sin Φ2 6 Fibre-Optics Fibre-optic cable functions -
Deliverable D2.2 TERRANOVA System Architecture Work Package 2 - System Requirements, Concept and Architecture
Ref. Ares(2018)1364959 - 13/03/2018 D2.2 – TERRANOVA system architecture This project has received funding from Horizon 2020, European Union’s Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, under grant agreement No. 761794 Deliverable D2.2 TERRANOVA system architecture Work Package 2 - System Requirements, Concept and Architecture TERRANOVA Project Grant Agreement No. 761794 Call: H2020-ICT-2016-2 Topic: ICT-09-2017 - Networking research beyond 5G Start date of the project: 1 July 2017 Duration of the project: 30 months TERRANOVA Project Page 1 of 116 D2.2 – TERRANOVA system architecture Disclaimer This document contains material, which is the copyright of certain TERRANOVA contractors, and may not be reproduced or copied without permission. All TERRANOVA consortium partners have agreed to the full publication of this document. The commercial use of any information contained in this document may require a license from the proprietor of that information. The reproduction of this document or of parts of it requires an agreement with the proprietor of that information. The document must be referenced if used in a publication. The TERRANOVA consortium consists of the following partners. No. Name Short Name Country 1 University of Piraeus Research Center UPRC Greece (Coordinator) 2 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (FhG-HHI & FhG-IAF) FhG Germany 3 Intracom Telecom ICOM Greece 4 University of Oulu UOULU Finland 5 JCP-Connect JCP-C France 6 Altice Labs ALB Portugal 7 PICAdvanced PIC Portugal TERRANOVA Project Page 2 of 116 D2.2 – TERRANOVA system architecture Document Information Project short name and number TERRANOVA (653355) Work package WP2 Number D2.2 Title TERRANOVA system architecture Version v1.0 Responsible unit FhG Involved units JCP-C, FhG, ICOM, UOULU, UPRC, ALB, PIC Type1 R Dissemination level2 PU Contractual date of delivery 28.02.2018 Last update 12.03.2018 1 Types. -
Release Notes: Junos® OS Release 17.4R3 for the ACX Series, EX Series, MX Series, NFX Series, PTX Series, QFX Series, SRX Series, and Junos Fusion
1 Release Notes: Junos® OS Release 17.4R3 for the ACX Series, EX Series, MX Series, NFX Series, PTX Series, QFX Series, SRX Series, and Junos Fusion 17 September 2021 Contents Introduction | 13 New Features in 17.4R3 | 13 Junos OS Release Notes for ACX Series | 13 New and Changed Features | 14 Release 17.4R3 New and Changed Features | 14 Release 17.4R2 New and Changed Features | 15 Release 17.4R1 New and Changed Features | 15 Changes in Behavior and Syntax | 16 Management | 17 Network Management and Monitoring | 17 Platform and Infrastructure | 18 Security | 19 Software Licensing | 19 Subscriber Management and Services | 19 Known Behavior | 20 General Routing | 20 Known Issues | 21 General Routing | 22 Interfaces and Chassis | 24 2 Layer 2 Features | 24 MPLS | 24 Routing Protocols | 24 Virtual Chassis | 24 Resolved Issues | 25 Resolved Issues: 17.4R3 | 25 Resolved Issues: 17.4R2 | 27 Resolved Issues: 17.4R1 | 29 Documentation Updates | 29 Migration, Upgrade, and Downgrade Instructions | 30 Upgrade and Downgrade Support Policy for Junos OS Releases | 30 Junos OS Release Notes for EX Series Switches | 31 New and Changed Features | 32 Release 17.4R3 New and Changed Features | 33 Release 17.4R2 New and Changed Features | 33 Release 17.4R1 New and Changed Features | 34 Changes in Behavior and Syntax | 39 EVPNs | 39 Interfaces and Chassis | 40 Management | 40 Multicast | 40 Network Management and Monitoring | 40 Platform and Infrastructure | 41 Routing Protocols | 42 Security | 42 Software Licensing | 42 Subscriber Management and Services | -
The Future of Fiber-Optic Computer Networks
Fiber-Optic Computer Networks Paul E. Green, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center iber-optic communication is only 25 years old, but it would be difficult to exaggerate the impact it has already had on all branches of information transmission, from spans of a few meters to intercontinental distances. This strange technology, involving -of all things -the transmission of messages as pulses of light along an almost invisible thread of glass, is effectively taking over the role of guided transmission by copper and, to a modest extent, the role of unguided free-space radio and infrared transmission. If the medium itself is not strange enough, reflect on the form taken by the transmitter - the semiconductor laser diode. This device is usually no larger than a grain of sand and transmits milliwatts of infrared light - enough to send information at gigabits per second over long distances with an extremely low received bit-error rate. Yet, looking a little closer at how this supposedly revolutionary technology has been used to date, you come away with a sense that vast new unexploited opportunities await. The bandwidth is 10 orders of magnitude greater than that of phone lines (25,000 gigahertz versus 3 kilohertz), and the raw bit-error rate on the link is 10 orders of magnitude lower. Design points of are in place today (1 GHZ= io9 HZ). When you combine these numbers with the great potential for cost reductions, Fiber-optic networks it becomes clear that fiber is much more promising than anything that network architects have ever had to play with before and that a great deal more can be done have had a profound with photonic communication than is being done today. -
A Survey on Optical Technologies for Iot, Smart Industry, and Smart Infrastructures
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks Review A Survey on Optical Technologies for IoT, Smart Industry, and Smart Infrastructures Slavisa Aleksic Institute of Communications Engineering, Leipzig University of Telecommunications (HfTL), 04277 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected]; Tel.: +49-341-3062-212 Received: 1 July 2019; Accepted: 7 September 2019; Published: 17 September 2019 Abstract: In the Internet of Things (IoT), a huge number of sensors, actuators and other equipment for data acquisition and processing will be interconnected by means of an omnipresent communication network able to efficiently support heterogeneous transmission technologies and applications. On the one hand, advanced optical communication systems, which already play a significant role in modern networks, are currently evolving to meet very high requirements of modern applications. On the other hand, there are already many ways to utilize optical components and effects for building precise, efficient, and reliable sensors. Thus, optical technologies have the potential to greatly help in realizing future smart infrastructures and systems. This paper gives an overview of currently available and emerging optical technologies for sensing and communication applications and reviews their possible application in the context of the IoT for realizing smart systems and infrastructures. Keywords: optical technology; Internet of Things (IoT); optical sensors; optical communication systems and networks 1. Introduction The main prerequisite for implementing future smart city applications and systems is the existence of an efficient and reliable smart infrastructure. Such an infrastructure integrates in an efficient and reliable manner various basic infrastructures such as (i) water distribution systems, (ii) electricity grids, and (iii) transport infrastructure (roads, railways, trams, and metro) together with information technologies, distributed smart sensing systems, and communication networks. -
Product Guide Transceivers, Transponders, and Active Cables for Datacom and Telecom Applications
World’s Largest Supplier of Optical Communication Components and Subsystems Product Guide Transceivers, Transponders, and Active Cables for Datacom and Telecom Applications CFP4 QSFP SFP+ XFP BOA Active Cable Transceivers, Transponders, and Active Cables for Datacom and Telecom Applications Finisar’s broad product selection and innovative technology have made us the optical module manufacturer of choice for all major networking equipment vendors worldwide. We have taken a leading role in transforming the datacommunications and telecommunications equipment market from utilizing discrete optical components to leveraging the design and pay-as-you-grow flexibility offered by pluggable modules. Our products are fully compliant with Ethernet, Fibre Channel, Infiniband, SONET/SDH/OTN and PON standards and operate at data rates up to 100 Gb/s. They are capable of distances ranging from very short reach within a datacenter to campus, access, metro, and long-haul reaches. They feature outstanding performance over extended voltage and temperature ranges, while minimizing jitter, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and power dissipation. Finisar Modules are available in a wide variety of form factors: SFP (copper and optical; longwave, shortwave and WDM) – DatacoM applications using Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 1x/2x/4x Fibre Channel – TelecoM applications using OC-3/STM-1, OC-12/STM-4 and OC-48/STM-16 across all reaches Features • 3.3 V operating voltage • Distances from very short links up to 100+ km SFP • Wide operating temperature range • Metal -
Design and Optimization of Free Space Optical Networks
Design and Optimization of Free Space Optical Networks by In Keun Son A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama December 13, 2010 Keywords: Free space optics, FSO, Network design, Network optimization Copyright 2010 by In Keun Son Approved by Shiwen Mao, Chair, Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prathima Agrawal, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Chwan–Hwa “John” Wu, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Abstract Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and the explosive growth of the number and variety of mobile devices and multimedia applications motivate the development of next generation wireless networks, i.e., beyond 4G mobile systems. Indeed, the compelling demand for extensive coverage and high capacity has brought about a challenging problem to design adaptive and scalable network architectures. Some broadband wireless technologies, such as WiMAX, millimeter-wave, and free space optics (FSO), have been developed to meet this demand. Free space optics have emerged as a promising technology for next generation wireless broadband networks [1] [2]. FSO is a wireless telecommunication system that uses free space as transmission medium to transmit optical data at high bit rates. Compared with traditional wireless technologies, such optical wireless links have many advantages, including cost effectiveness, long transmission distance, license-free operation, interference immunity, high bandwidth, and so on. In this dissertation, we propose to design and optimize broadband wireless networks based on the FSO technology. We first provide a comprehensive survey of prior work. We classify prospective global FSO networks into three categories, and present current state of the art in the field and discuss the challenging issues and open problems. -
Passive Optical Networking
ELEX 4550 : Wide Area Networks 2014 Winter Session Passive Optical Networking is lecture introduces Passive Optical Networking (PON), the access technology providing “Fibre To e Home” (FTTH) and the highest data rates currently available. Aer this lecture you should be able to: explain the advantages of PON relative to HFC or DSL and solve problems involving optical link power budgets. head end to remote DSLAMs and optical nodes will Introduction have to move closer and closer to the subscriber. e graph below1, shows the estimated growth in A number of “FTTx” acronyms are used for this. In global traffic and traffic per subscriber. these acronyms ‘x’ is the first letter of Neighbourhood (FTTN), Node, Curb, Premises or Building. e lim- 60 600 Total global traffic iting case is that fibre reaches all the way to the cus- Traffic per subscriber tomer, or Fiber to the Home (FTTH). 50 500 ) T o r e economics of deploying FTTH vary. In new c a s f i ) f C 40 400 i h c ( t n p c developments (so-called “Greenfield” applications) it i o e f f r m a / s r s u t makes sense to install fiber directly to each house or e b l t a s y 30 300 c b b r o i a l b apartment. When there is sufficient demand for suf- x g e e l ( r a ( t k ficiently high data rates it may be less expensive to o b T 20 200 / s ) connect users directly with fibre than to install more 10 100 DSLAMs or optical nodes. -
Beyond 400G Technical White Paper Beyond 400G Technical White Paper
Beyond 400G Technical White Paper Beyond 400G Technical White Paper Beyond 400G Technical White Paper Version Date Author Reviewer Remark V1.0 2021/07/13 ZTE ZTE First Released © 2021 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved. ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE. Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information in this document is subjected to change without notice. All rights reserved. No spreading without permission of ZTE 1 Beyond 400G Technical White Paper Contents 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 3 2 B400G Technologies and Solutions......................................................................................... 4 2.1 B400G Technologies....................................................................................................................4 2.1.1 Forward Error Correction (FEC)..............................................................................................5 2.1.2 Baud Rate and High-Order Modulation Modes.................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Polarization Multiplexing...........................................................................................................6 2.1.4 Special Fibers........................................................................................................................... -
Free Space Optics for Next-Generation Satellite Networks
1 Free Space Optics for Next-Generation Satellite Networks Aizaz U. Chaudhry and Halim Yanikomeroglu Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada – K1S 5B6 Abstract–Free space optics (FSO) refers to optical wireless communications in outdoor environments. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role that FSO is envisaged to play in the creation of next-generation satellite networks. To begin with, the reader is introduced to the types of FSO links and functionalities of a basic FSO system. Next, a comparison of FSO and radio frequency (RF) technologies for inter-satellite links (ISLs) is provided, including a comparison between FSO and RF links when employed between low Earth orbit satellites. After that, the types of FSO or laser ISLs are considered, and the challenges in establishing laser ISLs, the properties of laser ISLs, and the capabilities of terminals for laser ISLs are discussed. Then, the parameters of a satellite constellation are highlighted, and different aspects of SpaceX’s upcoming mega- constellation Starlink are explored. In addition, the optical wireless satellite network that is created by utilizing laser ISLs is examined. Finally, a use case is investigated for next-generation optical wireless satellite networks that are envisioned by the mid to late 2020s. WHAT IS FREE SPACE OPTICS? foundation for today’s FSO came with the discovery of the first working laser in 1960. The first optical In optical wireless communications (OWC), an or laser ISL was demonstrated in 2008 between two optical carrier is employed to send information over low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, Terra SAR-X and an unguided channel. -
The Key Benefits of OTN Networks Introduction Optical Transport Networks Have Been Migrating from SONET Technology to WDM Architectures Over the Past 5–10 Years
The Key Benefits of OTN Networks Introduction Optical transport networks have been migrating from SONET technology to WDM architectures over the past 5–10 years. Deploying WDM systems has allowed carriers to tap enormous capacity by carrying multiple wavelengths over a single fiber. For carriers, this means significant cost savings compared to the cost of deploying single-channel networks, or of overlaying multiple networks for each service offering. As this transition to WDM architectures occurred, it became painfully obvious that early WDM implementations lacked many key features required to properly operate and maintain these optical networks. With early WDM platforms many features, such as performance monitoring, fault detection and isolation, a standard multiplexing hierarchy and standard communication channels, were either missing or implemented in a proprietary fashion by each WDM equipment vendor. The Optical Transport Network (OTN) standards, defined by the ITU-T G.709 standards committee, were developed to add SONET-like performance monitoring, fault detection, communication channels, and multiplexing hierarchy to WDM wavelengths. The primary benefits of OTN include: • Enhanced OAM for wavelengths • Universal container supporting any service type • Standard multiplexing hierarchy • End-to-end optical transport transparency of customer traffic • Multi-level path OAM WDM Issues – The Need for OTN Standards The benefits that made SONET a robust optical transport technology, including a standardized mapping of client signals, enhanced performance monitoring at multiple layers, comprehensive fault detection and isolation, and embedded communications channels, were all missing from early WDM networks. Each vendor implemented their own proprietary methods of mapping client traffic, of detecting/isolating alarm faults, and of providing optical performance monitoring.