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Variabilité De La Diapause Chez Les Parasitoïdes De Pucerons Dans Le Cadre Des Changements Climatiques : Implications En Lutte Biologique Kévin Tougeron

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Variabilité De La Diapause Chez Les Parasitoïdes De Pucerons Dans Le Cadre Des Changements Climatiques : Implications En Lutte Biologique Kévin Tougeron Variabilité de la diapause chez les parasitoïdes de pucerons dans le cadre des changements climatiques : implications en lutte biologique Kévin Tougeron To cite this version: Kévin Tougeron. Variabilité de la diapause chez les parasitoïdes de pucerons dans le cadre des change- ments climatiques : implications en lutte biologique. Sciences agricoles. Université Rennes 1, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017REN1B030. tel-01762557 HAL Id: tel-01762557 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01762557 Submitted on 10 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ANNÉE 2017 THÈSE / UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1 sous le sceau de l’Université Bretagne Loire En cotutelle internationale avec l’Université de Montréal, QC, Canada pour le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1 Mention : Biologie Ecole doctorale Ecologie Géosciences Agronomie Alimentation (EGAAL) Kévin Tougeron Préparée à l’unité de recherche UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio « Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution » UFR SVE – Sciences de la Vie et de l’Environnement OSUR – Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Rennes Thèse soutenue à Rennes Variabilité de la le 10 novembre 2017 diapause chez les devant le jury composé de : parasitoïdes de Scott HAYWARD Professeur, University of Birmingham, School of pucerons dans le Biosciences / rapporteur Marlène GOUBAULT cadre des Maître de conférences, Université François Rabelais, UMR 7261 IRBI / rapporteure changements Patricia GIBERT Directrice de recherche, CNRS, UMR 5558 LBBE climatiques : / examinatrice / présidente du jury Thierry HANCE implications en lutte Professeur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute / examinateur biologique Colin FAVRET Professeur, Université de Montréal, IRBV / examinateur Joan van BAAREN Professeure, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 Ecobio / directrice de thèse Jacques BRODEUR Professeur, Université de Montréal, IRBV / directeur de thèse Cécile LE LANN Maître de conférences, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 Ecobio / co-directrice de thèse Cette thèse débutée en 2014 a été co-financée par la Région Bretagne (bourse ARED) et par la Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Lutte Biologique. Le doctorant a reçu le support financier du programme Frontenac au travers dχune bourse de recherche attribuée par le consulat général de France à Québec pour les thèses en cotutelle franco-québécoise. Les différentes expériences réalisées au cours de la thèse ainsi que la participation à des congrès internationaux ont été en partie soutenues par la Zone Atelier Armorique, lχOSUR, lχécole doctorale VAS, lχANR Aphiweb, lχuniversité de Rennes 1, le laboratoire CNRS Ecobio, lχuniversité de Montréal, lχInstitut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale et lχAcadémie dχAgriculture de France Variabilité de la diapause chez les parasitoïdes de pucerons dans le cadre des changements climatiques : implications en lutte biologique « Pour aller loin : ne jamais demander son chemin à qui ne sait pas s'égarer ». Roland Giguère, poète québécois. Remerciements Lχavantage dχune thèse en cotutelle, cχest que lχon fait deux fois plus de rencontres, et donc que lχon a deux fois plus de personnes à remercier ! Avant tout, je souhaite vivement remercier mes trois encadrants de thèse : Joan, Jacques et Cécile. Joan, dχabord merci pour mχavoir donné le goût dχétudier lχécologie et lχévolution, depuis mes cours de Licence jusquχau stage de Master et à la thèse. Merci pour ta rigueur scientifique, tes encouragements soutenus, ton enthousiasme débordant et ton dynamisme qui, même sχil est parfois difficile à suivre, aide beaucoup à avancer. Merci pour la liberté que tu mχas laissé pendant ces quelques années où lχon a travaillé ensemble. Merci aussi à toi et Thierry pour le kig ha farz, cχétait délicieux - à quand le prochain ? ;). Jacques, merci pour mχavoir si bien accueilli dans ton lab, mais aussi chez toi autour de bons repas. Jχai appris énormément de choses tant sur le plan humain que scientifique pendant mon séjour à Montréal. Merci pour ton souci du détail, ton sens littéraire pointu (qui nχenlève rien à ta rigueur scientifique). Merci également pour les discussions politico-historiques très intéressantes. Un Maudit Français de plus a pu découvrir les joies de la vie au Québec : tu y as grandement contribué ! Cécile, merci pour ton optimisme, ta chaleur humaine et tes encouragements. Merci aussi pour ce dynamisme (tout joannesque) qui mχa permis dχaller de lχavant. Tu fais une excellente encadrante, il nχy a plus quχà passer ton HDR (:p). Merci dχavoir pris du temps pour discuter des petits et grands sujets de la thèse et pour améliorer les derniers détails du manuscrit. Merci à toi et Nico pour lχinvitation chez vous. Merci à vous trois pour votre soutien sans faille, votre confiance et votre amitié. Jχespère que lχon pourra continuer à travailler ensemble à lχavenir. Merci en particulier de mχavoir permis de découvrir le Québec, un pays magnifique chez qui on se sent tout de suite chez soi. Jχai été absolument ravi de passer presque deux années dans La Belle Province, et jχy reviendrai, pour sûr ! Merci aussi de mχavoir donné lχoccasion de participer à de nombreux congrès, ce qui a grandement contribué à mon épanouissement scientifique ainsi que, je lχespère, à produire une thèse de qualité. On ne sait pas ce que lχavenir nous réserve, mais comme on dit au Québec : « Advienne que pourra, s'il neige, on pellettera ! ». Je remercie chaleureusement les membres de mon comité et de mon jury de thèse dχavoir accepté de porter un regard critique sur ce travail, des prémices de celui-ci à son aboutissement. Un merci particulier à Jean-Sébastien Pierre pour les précieux échanges, tant sur le plan scientifique que philosophique. Je tiens à remercier également les organismes qui mχont soutenu financièrement, en premier lieu la Région Bretagne et lχUniversité de Montréal via la chaire de recherche du Canada en lutte biologique. Je suis reconnaissant aux directions dχEcobio et de lχIRBV pour leur soutien et appui dans toutes les démarches que jχai voulu entreprendre. Merci à Julie Jaquiéry pour avoir pris le temps de discuter de mes différentes hypothèses de thèse. Merci aussi à Gaël Le Trionnaire pour mχavoir fourni des pucerons pour terminer mon projet sur les morphes sexués. С А Эя, уя х я у я . Merci Mickaël (alias Mikou) pour le super dessin ! Anne-Marie, merci de ta patience, de ta gentillesse, de ton sens du partage et de ton professionnalisme. Tu as beaucoup contribué, et dès mon arrivée, à mon insertion à lχIRBV et à Montréal. Josée, Eric, Fred, Mathilde, JP, Paul, Gongyu, Alex, Julie et Axel, merci de mχavoir fait si bon accueil au labo Brodeur, de mχavoir fait découvrir les coins sympas de Montréal, merci pour les belles soirées (pardon, les 5 à 7) passées en votre compagnie. Josée, merci pour ton professionnalisme et pour ton aide très précieuse à Montréal. Merci Fred pour mχavoir fait part de ta sagesse dχAncien, jχespère que tu pourras continuer à vivre avec passion tout ce que tu entreprendras. Merci pour les discussions scientifiques stimulantes. JP, tu es la preuve vivante que lχon peut être à la fois brillant et décontracté (en plus dχavoir de bons goûts en matière de films). Bonne continuation dans vos projets personnels et professionnels respectifs ! Paul, it was a real pleasure to work by your side. Thank you for the deep discussions we had on scientific and non-scientific topics. I really think you helped me improve my thesis and myself as a scientist, so thank you. Thank you for being my official English proof-reader during my Ph.D. Thank you and Katrina for your warm welcome in BC. Paul and Mathilde, I cannot thank you enough for offering me the fabulous portraits of Her Royal Majesty The Queen. My life is now complete, I guess ;). « C’est toujours bon de voir la lumière au fond du tunnel … sauf évidemment s’il s’agit d’un train » Guy Boivin. Merci Guy pour ta bonne humeur, ta perspicacité, ta rigueur et ta grande sagesse scientifique. Profite bien de la retraite ! I would also like to thank people from Saskatoon for their warm welcome in Canada and in the Land of Living Skies. Thanks especially to Tyler W. and people at the AAFC Saskatoon Research Center. Merci également à Tifenn, Fabienne, Sandra (pour la partie de Mölcky (presque) gagnante), Bertrand, Valérie H., Jean-Pierre, Isabelle et Badia, toujours très efficaces dans leur travail. Merci Valérie B. pour tout ce que tu accomplis, pour toute lχaide administrative et technique apportée (jusquχau tout dernier moment !), et pour ce côté un peu déjanté qui fait du bien à tout le labo. Je souhaite également remercier Stéphanie Llopis pour toute lχaide technique apportée pendant la thèse. Merci aussi à Hervé Amat pour le maintien des souches de pucerons à Paimpont. Merci aux habitués de la cafét du 2ème étage et à leur humour contagieux ; David, Hervé, Christophe Cendrine, Aude, Elmina, Andreas, Maryvonne et dχautres. Merci à Françoise H. pour les discussions détente au détour dχune tasse de thé ; on trouvera un jour un moyen de terrasser ces pucerons, même si pour le moment ils font du rodéo à dos de coccinelle … Merci aux doctorants et anciens doctorants, Bastien, Flore, Kévin H., Maxime D. junior (on ne se sera pas vu beaucoup, mais jχai beaucoup apprécié la colocation au bureau !), Tiphaine, Diana, Alix, Nathan, Manon, Grégoire, Lisa, Maud, Morgane, Gorenka, Youn et Thomas. Un merci particulier à Maxime D. senior pour tes conseils avisés, tant scientifiques que techniques, prodigués tout au long de mon master et de ma thèse.
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