Skiffle – Hemmagjord Musik Med Kraft Att Förändra Världen

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Skiffle – Hemmagjord Musik Med Kraft Att Förändra Världen 180 Maria Schildt & Lars Berglund Fevrier 1701. Mis en Musique par M:r Andrées Düben Maitre de la Musique Du Roy, stockholm … Michel. Laurelio le 10 Avril 1701 [Stockholm, 1701]. 19. Maria Schildt, ”Hedwig Eleonora and Music at the Swedish Court, 1654–1726”, i Kristoffer Neville & Lisa Skogh (red.), Queen Hedwig Eleonora and the Arts: Court Culture in Seventeenth-Century Northern Europe, London: Routledge, 2017, s. 181–189. Skiffle – hemmagjord musik 20. UUB: Olof Hermelins brev till Samuel Bark 21 juli 1706, avskrift nr med kraft att förändra världen 445. Sven Olsson, Olof Hermelin: En karolinsk kulturpersonlighet och statsman, diss. Lund: Gleerup, 1953, s. 568–569. Mats Greiff 21. UUB: V 263, L 512. 22. Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe, Huset Tessin under enväldet och frihetstiden: Romantiserad skildring, del 4, sista delen af enväldstiden, Stockholm: S. Magnus, Under 1950­talet i Storbritannien föddes det som kom att kallas skiffle, 1849, s. 257. Holst skriver: ”Crusenstolpes anseende som historisk författa- en gör­det­själv musik före punken, som blandade svart och vit musik. re står ju icke högt i kurs. Men i ett avseende får han dock sägas intaga en Skifflen visar vilken kraft musiken besitter för att mobilisera människor stark ställning – han var i besittning av en avsevärd samling källmaterial.” Walfrid Holst, Carl Gustaf Tessin under rese-, riksdagsmanna- och de tidigare be- politiskt. skickningsåren: Ett bidrag till hans ungdomshistoria och politiska biografi, Lund: Borelius, 1931, s. 20. Crusenstolpe har möjligtvis använt en beskrivning av detta tillfälle som fanns i Åkeröbiblioteket. En handskrift, ”Divertissement Den 13 juli 1954 befann sig Chris Barber’s Jazz Band i skivbola- à Carlberg dans l’orangerie 1713” (84 sidor in 12o), fanns enligt Fredrik get Deccas studio i nordvästra London för att göra inspelningar. Sparre i bibliotektet på Åkerö (Holst, Carl Gustav Tessin, s. 9). Handskriften Barbers band tillhörde den våg av tradjazzband som hade etablerats bör vara identisk med den ”Fête en danse et musique representée au jour de i England efter andra världskrigets slut. Under en paus i inspelning- la naissance de S.A.R. la Princesse de Suède le 23. Janv: 1713, MS:er: en arna tog bandets banjospelare Lonnie Donegan mikrofonen och 12o” som inkluderades i låda nr 189 i Åkerö-biblioteket. ”Förteckning över Kansli-Presidenten C G Tessins handskrifter”, UUB: U 269d. framförde ”Rock Island Line” i en särpräglad stil som skilde sig 23. Maria Schildt, Karl XI:s kröning 1675: Musiken, musikerna och två ano- betydligt från den mera kända versionen av den afroamerikanske nyma festkompositioner ur Dübensamlingen, diss. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet, bluesartisten Leadbelly. Den skilde sig också från den stil som 2004. Barbers band oftast förknippades med. Ackompanjemanget var 24. RA: Rydboholmssamlingen E8110. betydligt enklare och bestod av Donegan själv på gitarr, jazz- sångerskan Beryl Bryden på tvättbräda och Chris Barber på bas.1 Samtidigt följde Donegan ett mönster som hade etablerats i bandet några år tidigare med inspiration från jazzmusikern Ken Colyer: att vid scenframträdanden mellan seten framföra musik som låg närmare blues och folkmusik för att visa dess anknytning till jazzen.2 Skivbolaget var inte särskilt förtjust i att saluföra inspel- 182 Mats Greiff Skiffle – hemmagjord musik med kraft att förändra världen 183 ningen av ”Rock Island Line”, men trots detta lanserades den skifflen som massrörelse följande år som singel. I januari 1956 hade den blivit så populär att Skifflemusiken i sig karakteriserades av en tydlig gör-det-själv- den nådde den brittiska topplistan, och samma vår gick den in på karaktär. Det var framför allt enkelheten i musiken som inspire- den amerikanska motsvarigheten. rade unga människor att själva försöka spela. Det handlade om tre Inspelningen har ofta betraktats som startpunkten för 1950- ackord på gitarr och en instrumentsättning med gitarr eller banjo, talets brittiska skifflevåg som hade sin höjdpunkt åren 1956 till tvättbräda och hemmabyggd bas. Enligt en mängd olika berättelser 1959. Skiffle var en ungdomsrörelse som överskred klassgränser och kunde de flesta delta i denna musikens första mera omfattande som hade musiken som kärna.3 Rörelsen växte snabbt, och redan i gör-det-själv-rörelse. John Steel, medlem i det under 1960-talet slutet av 1956 hade mer än 600 skiffleband bildats i Storlondon. År framgångsrika bandet The Animals, har berättat: 1957 fanns det enligt beräkningar mer än 50 000 band i hela Stor- britannien. Totalt var mer än 300 000 tonåringar på något sätt It seemed like a spontaneous thing. I’ve always said it was the skiffle involverade i skifflens musikgörande.4 Rörelsens explosionsartade that did it. When Lonnie Donegan recorded ”Rock Island Line” tillväxt innebar att gitarrförsäljningen i Storbritannien sprängde that’s when everybody realized that ”I can do that”. Three chords alla tidigare gränser och ökade från cirka 6000 gitarrer år 1952 till on a cheap guitar. And when Elvis Presley came out with ”Heart- break Hotel” and sounded so black, that’s when everybody realized, en kvarts miljon fem år senare.5 ”Well fuckin’ hell why can’t us white kids play blues, play rock and Det finns, menar jag, alltid en dialektisk relation, det vill säga en roll?”7 ömsesidig påverkan, mellan populärmusik och samhälle i stort. Musiken inte bara reflekterar samhällsförhållanden, den kan ut- Dagspressen rapporterade frekvent om den nya ungdomsrörelsen. mana rådande hegemonier och bidra till förändring.6 Skiffle är ett I Times kunde man sommaren 1957 läsa hur skribenten avfärdade exempel på detta. Skifflerörelsen visar dessutom på en rad andra bilden av den moderna ungdomen som passiva konsumenter av fenomen, till exempel att musik sällan förändras revolutionärt med musik och nöjen via radio och television. Hen menade att detta var dramatiska och hastiga brott, utan i stället, för att travestera Marx, orättvist eftersom föds ur den tidigare musikens sköte. Men det gamla dör inte vid förlossningen, utan lever kvar och påverkar det nya under lång tid. the remarkable growth of ”skiffle groups” in England has encouraged Musik förändras dessutom genom transnationella processer. thousands of young men and women, hitherto musically illiterate, to play instruments and to sing – if not with great art, at any rate Genom att studera skiffle, en för många i dag okänd musikrörelse with gusto and delight.8 under 1950-talet, går det bland annat att påvisa konkreta sådana processer. Detta är med andra ord en historia om musikens sam- Slutligen pekar artikelförfattaren på en av de lärprocesser det inne- hällsförändrande kraft och hur samhällets förändringar speglas i bär för unga människor att musicera: musiken. At all events, even if skiffle is no more than a passing adolescent fancy, it has encouraged large numbers of young men and women to 184 Mats Greiff Skiffle – hemmagjord musik med kraft att förändra världen 185 create their own popular music – a phenomenon which, even as regular intervals, in order to meet socially, discuss and listen to folk recently as 10 years ago, few sociologists or musicians could have and skiffle music, form their own skiffle groups and dance, etc. […] foreseen.9 We have found that at all meetings subsequent to the Cardiff one, these suggestions [förslag till stadgar och bestämmelser] have been Skiffle handlade emellertid inte bara om musik i sig. Den själv- well governed and put into practice. The outcome of all this has been the formation of a string of Skiffle Clubs throughout Britain. styrda verksamheten bidrog till en demokratisk gräsrotsrörelse. The importance of this movement cannot be overemphasized.11 Detta speglades på flera sätt i skifflekretsar – det startades till exem- pel många nya föreningar i skifflens fotspår, drivna av entusiaster Att inrätta skiffleklubbar kan ses som ett försök att inlemma en runt om i hela Storbritannien. Lonnie Donegan själv var en aktiv underifrån skapad gör-det-själv-rörelse i en nationell organisation inspiratör i denna verksamhet. och att utveckla en så kallad gräsrotsdemokratisk ansats till en mer Att göra musik på egen hand bidrar dessutom till en rad andra formalistisk verksamhet. Detta kan på många sätt jämföras med de erfarenheter och kunskaper. I dag vet vi att en central del i musik- tidiga svenska folkrörelserna, där unga människor genom förenings- görande är de lärprocesser som utövare genomgår. Som medlem i livet lärde sig demokratiska förhållningssätt. I de olika anvisningar ett mindre band tvingas man att anpassa sig till gruppen både till föreningarna som spreds via medlemsbladet finns en tydlig musikaliskt och i andra frågor. Man lär sig inte bara att spela musik, demokratisk vilja. Klubbarna fick inte bli elitistiska, utan varje utan också att organisera bandets verksamhet, till exempel sådant medlem skulle få möjlighet att göra sin röst hörd. I anvisningarna som att ta emot bokningar, planera resor och transporter, arrangera för hur ett möte borde gå till betonas detta. Samtliga medlemmar konserter, marknadsföra sig, samordna med andra band, hantera skulle alltid bjudas in och samtliga skulle försöka närvara: ”When ny teknik för inspelning och framträdande, skaffa finansiering, all the members have arrived, call them together for a general dis- skriva musik och texter med mera. Sådana lärprocesser är viktiga cussion. Now this is very important in as much as every member såväl för musicerandet i sig som för förmågan att kunna forma sitt has the opportunity to put forward his or her views.”12 eget liv.10 Vad gäller musiken var det uttalat att olika band borde bjudas in Liknande inverkan hade musiken, musicerandet och organisa- att spela vid olika möten. Genom att alla som ville skulle få lov att tionen av verksamheten på många av de hundratusentals brittiska framträda breddades utbudet och mötena förmodades bli mera ungdomar som spelade i band under skiffle-epoken. intressanta.13 En första viktig del av lärandet i skifflerörelsen hade Ett exempel på detta är hur Lonnie Donegan och hans fanklubb med andra ord en demokratisk och organisatorisk dimension.
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