Episode 1 Questions for discussion 9th February 2016

Moving Australia Day 1. Hold a class discussion about the BtN story and record the main points. 2. When is Australia Day? 3. What does it mark the anniversary of? 4. Who was Captain Arthur Phillip? 5. How long had Aboriginal people been living in Australia before European settlement? 6. Why isn’t Australia Day celebrated by many Aboriginal people? 7. Some people want to move the date of Australia Day. True or false? 8. What dates are being suggested? 9. What does Australia Day mean to you? 10. Should Australia Day be moved to a different date? Explain your answer.

Vote in the Behind the News online poll Check out the Moving Australia Day resource on the Teachers page

Bushfire Recovery 1. Retell the Bushfire Recovery story in your own words. 2. Where in South Australia was the bushfire? 3. Describe what happened to Kane. 4. How many homes were destroyed in the fire? 5. Where in Western Australia was there a bushfire recently? 6. What happened to Pema and Juna who live in Wye River? 7. Describe the damage caused by the fire. 8. How are kids affected by the Pinery bushfire being helped? 9. Why is community support important after a bushfire? 10. How did this story make you feel?

Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the story page. Check out the BtN Bushfire Recovery resource on the Teachers page

Controlling Carp 1. Discuss the Controlling Carp story with another student. Record the three main points of your discussion. 2. When and why were carp introduced to Australia? 3. What is an introduced species? 4. Describe the damage carp can do.

©ABC 2016 5. What do scientists at the CSIRO want to do to control carp? 6. Why was the myxomatosis virus introduced in 1950? 7. Name another animal that has been introduced to Australia. 8. Why are some people worried about releasing a virus to kill carp? 9. Who is supporting the plan? 10. What do you think about the plan? Explain your answer.

Do the quiz on the BtN website

Heavy Backpacks 1. What was the main point of the Heavy Backpacks story? 2. Which parts of the body can be affected by a heavy backpack? 3. What are the important things to look for in a backpack? 4. In your own words, explain how a backpack should be carried. 5. Why is it important to wear both straps? 6. Finish the following sentence: The heavier items should be packed closer to the... 7. A backpack should not weigh more than _____% of a person’s body weight. 8. What can you do to lighten your backpack? 9. What was surprising about this story? 10. Is your backpack too heavy? Weigh your backpack to make sure it’s less than 10% of your body weight.

Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the story page.

Changing Barbie 1. Before you watch the Changing Barbie story, predict what the story is about. 2. Briefly summarise the BtN story. 3. What did the makers of Barbie announce recently? 4. Using words or pictures, describe the changes to Barbie. 5. Why have toy dolls like Barbie been criticised? 6. What do doctors say about Barbie’s feet, legs and head? 7. Why did the makers of Barbie make the changes? 8. Why are some people against the changes? 9. Do you think toys like Barbie need to be more realistic? Explain your answer. 10. How has your thinking changed since watching the BtN story?

Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the story page.

©ABC 2016

Episode 1 Teacher Resource 9th February 2016

Moving Australia Day

Students will investigate different 1. Hold a class discussion about the BtN story and record the main viewpoints and perspectives on Australia Day. points. 2. When is Australia Day? 3. What does it mark the anniversary of? 4. Who was Captain Arthur Phillip? 5. How long had Aboriginal people been living in Australia before

European settlement? HASS / Inquiry and skills – Year 4 6. Why isn’t Australia Day celebrated by many Aboriginal people? Examine information to identify different 7. Some people want to move the date of Australia Day. True or points of view and distinguish facts from false? opinions (ACHASSI077)

8. What dates are being suggested? 9. What does Australia Day mean to you? HASS / History – Year 4

10. Should Australia Day be moved to a different date? Explain your The diversity of Australia's first peoples and answer. Vote in the Behind the News online poll the long and continuous connection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to Country/Place (land, sea, waterways and skies) (ACHASSK083)

The nature of contact between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and others, for example, the Macassans and the Discuss the BtN Moving Australia Day story as a class. What questions Europeans, and the effects of these interactions on, for example, people and were raised in the discussion (what are the gaps in their knowledge)? environments(ACHASSK086) The following KWLH organiser provides students with a framework to explore their knowledge on this topic and consider what they would like English – Year 6 to know and learn. Plan, rehearse and deliver presentations, selecting and sequencing appropriate content and multimodal elements for defined audiences and purposes, making What do I What do I want What have I How will I find appropriate choices for modality and know? to know? learnt? out? emphasis (ACELY1710)

Use interaction skills, varying conventions of spoken interactions such as voice volume, tone, pitch and pace, according to group size, formality of interaction and needs and expertise of Students will develop their own historical question/s for inquiry. Students the audience (ACELY1816) will collect and record information from a wide variety of sources (internet, books, newspaper and magazines) and present the information they find in an interesting way.

 What happened on the 26th of January in 1788?  For many people the 26th of January is a day of celebration, while for others, it is a day of sorrow or mourning. Investigate the history of Australia Day and why the day brings a mixture of feelings.

©ABC 2016

Class discussion In small groups, respond to the following questions and record your responses. Share your responses with the class.  Why do we celebrate Australia Day?  What does Australia Day mean to Aboriginal people?  What do you do on Australia Day? Is it a special day for you? Why?

Interview Interview a range of people to find out the different attitudes and feelings people have towards Australia Day.  Determine who you will interview, for example, family, friends or a teacher.  Prepare for your interview by writing some questions that you will ask your interviewee. Write open- ended questions. Open-ended questions have no right or wrong answer and can’t be answered with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’.  Find out how they celebrate Australia Day and what the day means to them.  Ask if they think Australia Day should be moved to a different date and ask them to explain their answer.  What have you learnt from this experience?

Videos Watch these videos to learn more about first contacts between local Aboriginals and First Fleet settlers in the early days of colonisation.

The first clip explains Indigenous life before contact http://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/first-australians-episode- 1/clip1/

 What did the video tell you about Indigenous life before European settlement?

The second clip gives an Indigenous perspective of the First Fleet arriving http://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/first-australians- episode-1/clip2/

 How is the landing of the First Fleet described in the video?  What do the videos tell you about contact between the First Fleet settlers and Aboriginal people?  Write a journal entry from the viewpoint of a local Aboriginal during the time when the First Fleet arrived in Botany Bay, Sydney. Present your journal entry as a podcast and share with the class.

©ABC 2016

Visual literacy – historical painting Examine this historical painting as a class and hold a class discussion about what they see and what they think is happening. Individually students will then respond to the following questions.

Painting by William Bradley

Caption: Taking of Colbee & Benalon. 25 Novr 1789

The taking of Colbee and Benalon, 25 Novr 1789. Lieutenant William Bradley, based on his experience kidnapping the two men on orders from Governor Phillip. Bradley later wrote: 'it was by far the most unpleasant service I was ever ordered to execute.'

Source: Mitchell Library, State Click here for full size image Library of New South Wales

Observe  What do you see in this image? Describe the setting and who is in the image. Are there details you can’t identify?

Reflect  What do you think is happening?  What do you think about what is happening in this image?

Query  What might have happened just before and just after the scene in the picture?  What does this image tell you about contacts between local Indigenous people and First Fleet settlers?  What questions do you have about what you see in this image?

Visual literacy – Doodle4Google For Google’s 2015 Doodle 4 Google competition, they asked Aussie kids to draw a doodle based on the theme "If I could travel back in time I would...”. The winning doodle looked at the theme of the stolen generation, and was hosted on Google Australia’s homepage on Australia Day.

 Students will travel back in time to 1788, when the First Fleet arrived in what is now Sydney harbour and first contacts were made with the local Aboriginal people. What would you find when you got there? What would you like to discuss with the people you meet?

 Students will create their own Doodle4Google based on the theme “If I could travel back in time to 1788 I 2015 Doodle4Google, National Winner would...”. Write a supporting statement Stolen Dreamtime, Ineka Voigt, Canberra High School, ACT which explains your image. weblink

©ABC 2016

Classroom debate Prepare for your class debate using the following statement.

Australia Day should be moved to a different date

Students will work in small groups to brainstorm ideas for both the affirmative and negative and record their ideas on a piece of A3 paper. Students will choose the strongest points from their list of ideas to share with the class.

Consider running your own class debate on a topic. Refer to Debating SA’s resources for worksheets, checklists and fact sheets on writing speeches and running class debates.

Reflection  How difficult was it to think of points to support one side of the argument?  Do you think you would have done a better job supporting the other side of the argument?  Was I able to convince others of my opinion?  Did my opinion change?  What did you learn from this activity?

Behind the News – Australia Day http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s1803207.htm

Behind the News – First Fleet http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3934600.htm

Behind the News – Flag Debate http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3681106.htm

Behind the News – Flag Day http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s4081135.htm

Subscribe to our weekly newsletter for an update on upcoming BtN stories and other useful and relevant teacher information. Visit the BtN website and go to the Teachers page to join up.

Encourage your students to be active and informed citizens by watching our 10 minute news program each day. Go to the BtN homepage and click on the 3News link.

©ABC 2016

Episode 1 Teacher Resource 9th February 2016

Bushfire Recovery

Students will investigate how bushfires 1. Retell the Bushfire Recovery story in your own words. impact on people and the environment and how communities respond. 2. Where in South Australia was the bushfire? 3. Describe what happened to Kane. 4. How many homes were destroyed in the fire? 5. Where in Western Australia was there a bushfire recently?

6. What happened to Pema and Juna who live in Wye River? HASS / Geography – Year 5 7. Describe the damage caused by the fire. The impact of bushfires or floods on environments and communities, and how 8. How are kids affected by the Pinery bushfire being helped? people can respond (ACHASSK114)

9. Why is community support important after a bushfire? Science – Year 6 10. How did this story make you feel? Sudden geological changes and extreme weather events can affect Earth’s surface (ACSSU096)

Science involves testing predictions by gathering data and using evidence to develop explanations of events and phenomena and reflects historical and cultural contributions (ACSHE098)

Negotiate with students how many activities they complete from each The growth and survival of living things are affected by physical conditions of section. The issues discussed in this activity may be difficult for some their environment (ACSSU094) students, and teachers should attempt to anticipate and be ready to Scientific knowledge is used to solve respond to a range of student reactions. Refer to BtN’s Upsetting News problems and inform personal and page for support. community decisions (ACSHE100)

Remember and understand  How did this story make you feel? o How would you feel if you and your family had to leave your home because of a bushfire? o Think of three questions you would like to ask the kids in the BtN Bushfire Recovery story. Remember that good questions are open-ended (have no right or wrong answer and can’t be answered with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’). o Leave a message of support in the comments section on the BtN Bushfire Recovery story page. o Why is it important for communities to work together after a bushfire? Brainstorm as a class.

 Where were the recent bushfires that you saw in the BtN Bushfire Recovery story? Locate using Google Maps.

©ABC 2016 o Examine a satellite image of these places using Google Maps. Describe and illustrate the environment. o Give a brief description of the bushfires in Pinery, Yarloop and Wye River and how they impacted on the environment.

 What is a bushfire disaster and how does it impact on people and animals? o What are your first thoughts and images that come into your mind when you think about bushfires? List them and share with the class. o How might a child feel after experiencing a disaster like a bushfire? For example, scared, worried about the future, separated from family and loss. o If you had a friend that experienced a bushfire what could you do to help? For example, if they want to talk about it you can be a good listener, hold a fundraiser at your school or share your toys or clothes until they get some more.

Apply and analyse  What do you know about the bushfire season? o Find out when bushfire season typically occurs in Australia. o Research the difference between low, medium, high and extreme bushfire risk situations. Think about temperature, wind conditions, how dry it is and when it last rained.

 Is your school well-prepared for the bushfire season? o For a bushfire to start there needs to be fuel. Fuel can include grass, leaves, twigs, litter and branches. If we remove these fuels (from the bushfire triangle) then bushfires cannot start. As a class brainstorm a list of different fuels. o As a class, walk around your school to identify any bushfire hazards and fuels which may put your school at threat during the bushfire season. Make a list of items which need to be managed, how they can be managed and write a report detailing your findings.

Fire hazards and How can this hazard be ‘fuels’ around your Describe why it is a hazard managed? school

 Explore Australia’s bushfire history. o Choose a bushfire in Australian history and undertake a research project to find out more about it.

©ABC 2016 Evaluate and create  Invite someone from your local bushfire service to speak to your class about ways to prepare for bushfire season. o Make an advertisement (print, TV or radio) that reminds people to keep their yards clean and tidy and/or of the dangers of having vegetation close to their house or shed.

 Investigate today’s weather conditions and prepare a bushfire risk report. Consider temperature, wind conditions, dryness, humidity, possible rainfall and then give a fire risk rating. Present your report to the class.

Upsetting News

It's easy to feel sad and upset about some of the things you see on the news. Because it's real it can be really hard to take in. But it's on there for a reason. It's important and it shows us things that could change the world as we know it. Teachers, visit BtN’s Upsetting News support page for a range of helpful resources.

ABC News – Charity helps children affected by Pinery bushfire with back-to-school supplies http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-01/charity-help-students-affected-by-pinery-bushfire-back-to- school/7129206

Behind the News – Upsetting News Page http://www.abc.net.au/btn/topic/upsettingnews.htm

Behind the News – Bushfire Escape http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s4169770.htm

Behind the News – Bushfire Investigation http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3944212.htm

Behind the News – Bushfire Plan http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3880224.htm

Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority – Bushfire Education http://www.bushfireeducation.vic.edu.au/

©ABC 2016

BtN: Episode 01 Transcript 09/02/16

Coming up on Behind the News.

Meet the kids going back to school after bushfires hit their community.

Find out why scientists are working so hard to rid Australia of this fish.

And how much is too much in your school backpack?

Hello Nathan with you for another exciting year of BtN!

Stay with us in 2016 for all of the biggest stories and most interesting kids from around Australia and around the world.

Plus we'll have all your favourites back like heaps of quizzes and #askareporter too.

The Wire

INTRO: But let's kick off the year as we kick off most episodes with a quick look at all the biggest headlines from the past week.

A big virus outbreak has been declared a global health emergency. It's called Zika and it's spread by mosquitoes. While it isn't deadly it can be really dangerous for unborn babies. It's already affected thousands of people in South and Central America, the Caribbean and the Pacific. But authorities say it's unlikely it'll spread here.

A big legal battle took place last week over one of Australia's offshore detention centres.

The High Court was asked to decide whether it was legal for the Australian Government to keep asylum seekers on Nauru. The court ruled that is was, which means 270 asylum seekers who had been brought to Australia from there will now probably have to go back. That led to protests around the country asking the government to let them stay.

And some state premiers have written letters to the PM asking to host the asylum seekers too.

Finally billions of people around the world have celebrated Chinese New Year. Including many right here in Australia!

©ABC 2016 The first day featured the tradition of lighting fireworks to chase off evil spirits.

But the celebrations don't stop there! For the next 15 days people will take part in many different events and ceremonies.

Chinese New Year is held at a different time to the Australian New Year because it's based on the phases of the moon.

Moving Australia Day

Reporter: Carl smith

INTRO: Okay now a couple of weeks ago the nation celebrated Australia Day. It's held on January 26th each year but do you know why? Well it marks a significant date in Australia's history but not one everyone thinks it's a date that should be celebrated. And that's why, this year, there were calls for Australia Day to move. Here's Carl with more. But first a warning to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander viewers, this story contains images of people who've died.

We've all seen the thongs and tongs of Australia Day. But do you know what the famous public holiday is really all about? Well Australia Day actually has a pretty complex history.

So let's jump back two hundred and twenty eight years to see where it all began.

In the late 1700s Britain found itself with too many prisoners and not enough prisons to hold them all. They needed a place to send them and the recently discovered Australia fit the bill.

JUDGE KID: You are sentenced to transportation across the seas for a period of seven years.

So the First Fleet loaded up with 759 convicts, travelled to the other side of the world and set up the first Australian colony - New South Wales.

They landed at Sydney Cove on January 26 the date that would eventually become Australia Day and Captain Arthur Phillip took possession of the land for the British Empire. But Arthur Phillip wasn't just taking control of empty land.

Aboriginal people had been living in Australia for at least 50,000 years before that, and that's why for many Aboriginal people Australia Day is not a celebration - it's a day of mourning. Some people even call it Invasion Day.

This mixture of feelings towards Australia Day was easy to see on January 26 1988.

As many Australians celebrated the 200th anniversary of the First Fleet's voyage to Australia, Aboriginal people held huge demonstrations and protests because they didn't think it should be a day to celebrate.

©ABC 2016 KID, 1988: I'm very proud to be Aboriginal, and I'm glad I could take part in the march and be here today. 200 years from today, white man came and started to destroy my people of this land.

Because of this many people are now starting to think that Australia Day should be moved to a different day, and there are a few options that people have suggested.

One is January 1st, the day in 1901 that the Australian colonies united to form a single nation. Another is January 25th, the day before British settlement and the last day the Australian continent was inhabited only by indigenous people.

Some have also talked about fusing Australia Day with ANZAC Day in April, or Wattle Day in September. Others think it could be the day Australia's first federal parliament was opened, or the day of the referendum that recognised Aboriginal people in the constitution.

There are lots of different options, but many people still like January 26th too. Some like it because it's the traditional day we've celebrated Australia Day, others because it's a great time of year to have a swim and a barbie.

But whether the day changes or stays the same, it'll still involve some very special things: welcoming newcomers into our society, celebrating parts of our culture, and remembering the generations of Australians who have come before us.

Poll

Okay let's see where you guys stand on that with a poll.

Should Australia Day be moved to a different date?

Head to our website to place your vote.

Bushfire Recovery

Rookie Reporter: Kane

INTRO: Now over the summer holidays, bushfires struck many communities around Australia. For the kids that live in those areas, recovering has been a really long process. So we asked some of them to let us know how they were going in the lead-up to school going back. Rookie Reporter Kane has more.

KID: Hi, my name's Kane and this is a pretty exciting day for my family.

We're getting these cool packs, and so are hundreds of other kids around here.

And we're getting them for free! It's kind of like a back to school boost for all of us kids because, for a lot of people here, things haven't been so great over summer.

©ABC 2016 A few months ago, a bushfire broke out in Pinery in South Australia, which is really close to Hamley Bridge where I live.

When the fire started me, my friend we were looking on the computers at where it was and everywhere. When my mum picked us up from school me, my brother and sister were scared when the smoke came over and we hopped in the car and my mum took us to the Balaklava recovery centre.

All up, the fire burnt 87 homes and around 300 farm sheds. Two people died and so did heaps of animals.

Coming back into town there were some trees green and some trees were black and then there were some houses burnt to the ground.

But our area wasn't the only area to be hit by a big bushfire this summer.

Over in Western Australia, the town of Yarloop was hit by a bushfire. Now there's basically nothing left.

And over in Victoria, there was another fire that caused heaps of damage. But my friends can tell you more about that.

Thanks Kane! Hi I'm Pema. Hi I'm Juna. we live in Wye River in Victoria.

We were having Christmas lunch at our Auntie Carol's. Mum got the evacuation message on her phone. We went home and started our fire plan. Fortunately Auntie Carol's house was ok. But as you can see it came pretty close.

Dad's a fire fighter so he went straight to the station. Mum had already packed our bags so we went home, got our stuff and came straight the surf lifesavers club.

This is where we huddled. We waited for the fire to come. It was very hot. We had to drink heaps of water.

When the fire finally came, it was pretty scary. There were heaps of fire fighters and helicopters and luckily they managed to save lots of the town. Wye River lost 115 houses but most importantly, no lives were lost.

It's going to take a long time for the area to recover, but with the help of volunteers and people like our parents we'll all get through it together.

Back here in Hamley Bridge, we're now getting ready for school to start again.

Luckily my school wasn't badly damaged in the fire so now we can go back straight away. And these packs will really help, especially for those kids that lost everything.

KANE: This is Rachel and she's the nice lady that's organised the backpacks for all the other kids. So Rachel, how many packs did you do in total?

©ABC 2016 RACHEL: In total we've got 209 packs for kids registered by their family and we had a school call us and say can you help us out with another 320. So we've got lots of packs to deliver over the next two days and we asked lots of people through our Facebook page if they could help out and donate. We've had help coming in from Melbourne and Western Australia and Whyalla and boxes arriving every day full of supplies.

KANE: I've got snacks, a pencil case, a lunchbox and a watch.

Things might not be completely back to normal for me or my friends, but we're staying positive and looking for a better future.

Controlling Carp

Reporter: Matthew Holbrook

INTRO: Thanks Kane. Next we're learning about carp which are one of Australia's most destructive pests in the water. But recently scientists announced that they've found a way to control them. They've found a virus that they think should get rid of most of them. But is releasing a new virus a safe way to fix the problem? Matt found out.

They're the outlaws of our lakes and rivers, wanted for damaging our waterways and harming native plants and animals. Carp are a real menace. And no-one has managed to stop them until now.

Carp were first introduced to Australia in the 1800s for food and sport. Today, there are millions and millions of them, and they've spread in lakes and rivers in south eastern Australia.

MATT HOLBROOK, REPORTER: So even if I did manage to catch one or a lot more, it's probably not going to make much of a dent in the overall population. Oh well.

One of the big problems is that carp take up important space and resources that native fish need. They collect food by sifting through mud which, well, muddies everything up.

They can also survive in tough conditions and breed really quickly. A single female can produce up to 1.5 million eggs. And they're just some of the reasons carp are on our "Wanted" list. But now scientists at the CSIRO reckon they've found a way to deal with them. A virus that kills carp, and leaves other plants and animals unharmed.

DR KENNETH MCCOLL, CSIRO: We can show that this virus will only affect carp and carp alone. What this virus does is to injure the kidney and skin of carp and so they, the affected carp, then take on water and they effectively drown.

Carp aren't the first introduced species in Australia to be targeted in this way. In 1950 scientists used a special virus called myxomatosis to try to control the rabbit population. Hundreds of millions of feral rabbits had spread across the country, eating crops and natural vegetation, and myxomatosis was seen as the answer.

©ABC 2016 It quickly wiped out most of the species, but some were resistant. So in 1995, a different virus was used, the calicivirus. They both helped reduce rabbit populations in a big way, but didn't get rid of them completely.

Other attempts to control pests have been a lot less successful. Cane toads were brought in to Queensland from South America to eat beetles that were annoying sugar cane farmers. Soon they got a little too comfortable and started spreading everywhere. To top things off they're poisonous, so they make our native animals sick if they try to eat them. That one was a real fail, so people are always cautious about the unintentional impacts of releasing a new animal or disease.

But scientists say that after years of testing, the virus is safe for all other animals, and is the best way to deal with the carp problem. That's why recreational fishers and conservationists have teamed up to support the plan. It still has to be approved by the government, and that process could take a couple of years. But it means this wanted, or rather, unwanted pest, could one day be gone for good. And until then, I'll do my bit to help!

Quiz 1

And we'll stay with carp for our first quiz of the day. The largest carp ever caught weighed in at

15kg

28kg

Or 48kg

The answer is 48kg and here that monster is!

Heavy Load

Reporter: Carl Smith

INTRO: One of the big parts of returning to school is packing your school bag again. But physiotherapists are warning that many kids are carrying too much around with them which could lead to problems down the track. So how much should you be carrying on your back? Carl unzipped the answers.

How much heavy stuff have you got crammed into your school bag?

KID: I have a sticky tape dispenser in case someone needs tape. I have a giant dictionary and a laptop.

©ABC 2016 CARL: Alright so you must feel like you’re carrying around a pretty heavy bag?

KID: Yeah, I think so.

CARL: Does it hurt?

KID: Sometimes!

In fact physiotherapists reckon too much weight or the wrong backpack can cause some big problems for your back and neck.

So what can you do to protect yourself from these back-to-school aches and pains?

CARL: Ok so Yi, you're a physiotherapist which means you’re all about taking care of our backs and keeping them out of trouble. I'm guessing the first thing we're going to do is pick the coolest one with the best colour right?

YI, PHYSIOTHERAPIST: No. Look the important things to look for in your backpack is you want to make sure they have wide shoulder straps so it doesn't dig into your shoulders, and make sure it has nice padding on the back of your backpack as well.

CARL: Ok Yi, so we've talked about picking the right pack, the next thing is how to wear it? We've got Raoul here, our bag model extraordinaire today, and he's wearing it on one shoulder, is that ok?

YI: No that's not the best way to wear the bag, the best way to wear the bag is to wear both straps on both shoulders at the same time, so we’ll just pop that shoulder on so this will help to distribute the weight more evenly so that you’re not lopsided and put too much pressure on one shoulder. Secondly the backpack is looking pretty saggy at the moment, so we want to make sure the ideal height for the backpack is that the bottom sits above your bottom and make sure it’s not too high so that when you look up towards the ceiling your head doesn’t hit the backpack as well. And one other thing we need to remember is pack the heavier stuff closer to the body to help distribute the weight better.

CARL: Ok Yi so even if you’ve got the right bag and you’ve strapped it up right and you’re standing up straight, some of these bags still look really heavy! I mean Alessandro here looks like he's carrying the weight of the world on his back. So how heavy is too heavy?

YI: Yeah look this is way too heavy for Alessandro, the rule of thumb is that you don't carry more than 10% of your body weight in the bag.

CARL: So 10%, what's the average weight of maybe a year 6 student then?

YI: I would say between 35 kilos to 45 kilos.

CARL: And then 10% of that would be 3.5 to 4.5 kilos.

YI: Wow the bag is over 8 kilos, so yes definitely is too heavy for Alessandro.

©ABC 2016 CARL: So what about taking some of this stuff out then. He has a whole lot of stuff in here. Alessandro, have you just filled this with bricks or something? We could take some of this stuff out then. Alright.

YI: So Alessandro’s bag just weighs 3 kilos now which is perfect for him. So what I would recommend that he do is hold one thing in one hand and the others in the other hand to balance out the weight a bit more evenly.

CARL: So that's Alessandro fixed up. But, what did the rest of the class learn about their bags?

KID: Well what I found really interesting was the heavier stuff should go closer to your body.

KID: I should take some things out of my bag and put it equally in both hands.

KID: Don't wear it on one shoulder, wear it on two.

KID: That my straps should probably be a bit wider and also that I should probably have a waist strap as well.

Quiz 2

Ok, time for our second quiz.

How many bones make up the spine?

1

3

Or 33

The answer is 33.

The Score

INTRO: Right it's sport time now. Here's some of the biggest moments from this week.

The Denver Broncos have won this year's Super Bowl defeating the Carolina Panthers 24 to 10. The Superbowl is the biggest sporting event in America with more than 100 million people tuning in to watch the game. It's known for its huge half time shows and its hugely expensive ads. This really, really weird one got people talking.

©ABC 2016

Fans got a hit of Rugby over the weekend with the rugby sevens tournament. It's a faster version of Union with only seven people on each team so there is a lot of running.

Australia made it through to the finals but New Zealand took home the top prize beating the Aussies by just 3 points in the final moments of the match.

And a golfing robot has hit a hole in one at a tournament in the US. The robot is named "Eldrick" after Tiger Woods. That's Tiger's real first name. And the robot did its namesake proud sinking this impressive hole in one. The crowd went wild while Eldrick typically played it cool.

Changing Barbie

Reporter: Matt Holbrook

INTRO: Barbie dolls are one of the most well-known toys on earth but now, after more than 50 years, Barbie is changing. For the first time, the dolls will now come in different body types, hair styles and skin tones. But why has its maker decided to change it after so many years? Here's Matt.

MATT HOLBROOK, REPORTER: She's been a doctor, a jet pilot, and even the President of the United States. Over the years Barbie's done some incredible things and been through some big changes. But this could be her biggest yet.

This is the new Barbie. She now comes in different body types, including tall, curvy, and petite, and seven different skin tones, along with different eye colours and hairstyles.

ADVERTISEMENT: This is radical because we're saying that there isn't this narrow standard of what a beautiful body looks like.

But the changes haven't come out of nowhere. For a long time, people have complained that toy dolls like Barbie are unrealistic and say they can put pressure on girls to look a certain way. And that can be really unhealthy, or even impossible.

See, if Barbie were a real person, she'd look something like this. Proportions that look nothing like a real woman. In fact, doctors say her feet and legs are so thin she wouldn't be able to walk. And her head is so large she wouldn't be able to hold it up! Barbie's not the only toy to be given similar treatment. Bratz dolls and action figures like GI Joe and Star Wars have all been criticised for creating unrealistic expectations of what we should all look like.

Mattel says it's made changes to Barbie to help girls feel good about who they are. And while lots of people support the move, not everyone agrees with it. Some say kids know

©ABC 2016 the difference between toys and real life. And that dolls and toys don't have to represent real people. Others don't like that the new body shapes have been labelled, and some say the Ken doll could use a more realistic make over as well.

But what do you think? Do toys need to be more realistic?

GIRL: I think it's good that they're changing it, because the kids might be inspired to be like them and they'll try and be them and they won't realise it's unhealthy for them.

BOY: I think they should sort of still change the look of the action figure so they can relate to little boys like the Barbie’s of course. So that they can play with it and be comfortable not feeling isolated that nothing here looks like me.

GIRL: If it's a Barbie doll or an action figure I think they should but if it's a young children's toy like a toddler and it's supposed to be a fantasy I think it should stay the same.

BOY: Let's say a barbie it's actually meant to be a thing you look up to, it's meant to be a human, it’s meant to be actually be a role model but the problem is it's actually way too thin, it’s actually unhealthy.

BOY: Definitely some kids will think that's how I want to be and that's how I should be, and then they won't be happy when they're not like that. Kids need to understand that not everyone is the same and you need to be unique for who you are.

CLOSER

And that wraps up our first show back!

See you next week!

©ABC 2016