NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018 expiration date 03/31/2022

United States Department of the Interior National Register of Historic Places Registration Form

This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions.

1. Name of Property Historic name: _Hickory Lodge No. 345______Other names/site number: ______Name of related multiple property listing: _N/A______(Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ______2. Location Street & number: _4558 West Hickory Road______City or town: _Hickory Corners (Barry Township)_ State: _Michigan_ County: _Barry__ Not For Publication: Vicinity: ______3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: ___national ___statewide _X_ local Applicable National Register Criteria: _X_ A ___B ___C ___D DRAFT Signature of certifying official/Title: Date ______State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.

Signature of commenting official: Date

Title : State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

______4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) ______

______Signature of the Keeper Date of Action ______5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Private: X

Public – Local

Public – State DRAFT Public – Federal

Category of Property (Check only one box.)

Building(s) X

District

Site

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

Structure

Object

Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) Contributing Noncontributing _____1______0______buildings

_____0______0______sites

_____0______0______structures

_____0______0______objects

_____0______0______Total

Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register ____0______6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) _SOCIAL/meeting hall______DRAFT ______

Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) _SOCIAL/meeting hall______

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

______7. Description

Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) LATE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY REVIVALS______

Materials: (enter categories from instructions.) Principal exterior materials of the property: _Brick______

Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) ______Summary Paragraph

Hickory Lodge No. 345 is located at 4558 West Hickory Road in Hickory Corners, Barry Township, Barry County, . The lodge is a two-story, rectangular building constructed of red brick and set on a concrete foundation. The building faces south toward West Hickory Road. The current building consistsDRAFT of the original, two-story volume, which is twenty-six feet wide and fifty-two feet in length, and a small, one-story concrete block addition that extends from the north elevation was constructed in the 1960s. The addition houses a kitchen. The building was designed by Kalamazoo, Michigan, architect Rockwell LeRoy and constructed by members of Hickory Lodge in 1912. The façade, or south elevation, retains its original fenestration, double arched entry, brick and stone string course, and other details. The original, flat roof collapsed in 2013 and has been replaced by a low-angled hipped roof that better equipped to accommodate the Michigan climate while also minimizing the visual impact to the building. The second story of the east and west elevations have been altered by the removal windows on those elevations (the windows of the first story remain). These changes were in response to the roof collapse in 2013. The interior has been altered to some degree, both in response to damage caused by the roof collapse and by the need to provide functionality for contemporary Masonic functions. The primary space of the building, the Lodge Room, was

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State partially damaged by the collapsed roof. The east half, which was damaged, was repaired and the west half, which was undamaged, retained its historical details. Hickory Lodge No. 345 possesses historic and architectural integrity and continues to convey its significance as a constructed in 1912 in Hickory Corners, Michigan.

______Narrative Description

Location and Setting

Hickory Lodge No. 345 is located at 4558 West Hickory Road in Hickory Corners, Barry Township, Barry County, Michigan. Hickory Corners1 is an unincorporated community located in southern Barry Township in Barry County, in southwestern quarter of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. The hamlet is centered on the intersection of West Hickory Road and Kellogg School Road.

The village of Hickory Corners is located some fifteen miles northeast of Kalamazoo, about thirteen miles northwest of Battle Creek, approximately forty miles southeast of Grand Rapids, and about forty-five miles southwest of Lansing, Michigan’s capital city. West Hickory Road runs east to west through the southern third of Barry Township. Hickory Lodge No. 345 sits on the north side of the West Hickory Road and a short distance to the west of its intersection with Kellogg School Road, the primary north-south road through the village. The building is situated on a north-south axis and faces south toward the street.

The parcel on which the building is located is flat and predominantly covered by grass. A concrete sidewalk runs along the front of the property at its southern edge, and a concrete walk, centered on the entry, leads from the public sidewalk to the front of the building. To the east is a modern gas station and Kellogg School Road, which runs north-south. Situated along Kellogg School Road, to the south of West Hickory Road, are several mid- to late-nineteenth- or early twentieth-century buildings that illustrate the commercial and historical development of the community. Some demolitions have occurred along that stretch of the road, predominantly to the north of Kellogg School Road, but a historic district my still be present there. Adjacent to the intersection in all directions areDRAFT residential areas and agricultural fields. Directly opposite the lodge building is an grass field bounded on the west and north by trees, by a fence and outbuilding at its southern edge, and by the rear additions of 14560 Kellogg School Road.

1 Hickory Corners is identified as a Census Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau. A CDP is defined by the Census Bureau as “settled concentrations of population that [are] identifiable by name but are not legally incorporated under the laws of the state in which they are located.” Hickory Corners was determined to have a population of 322 in the 2010 Census. Barry County contains two other CDPs, Delton, about five miles to the north of Hickory Corners, and Dowling, about ten miles to the northeast. Barry County today comprises sixteen townships, one city, four villages, and nine unincorporated communities, in addition to three the aforementioned CDPs.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

General Characteristics

Hickory Lodge No. 345 is composed of a rectangular, two-story, wood-frame, red-brick building constructed in 1912, and a one-story, concrete-block addition constructed in the 1960s. The building is characterized by strong horizontality and symmetry of each elevation. Horizontality is created by a stone water table, a brick string course, and a stone string course in successive order from the foundation upward. Historically, a dentiled cornice and stone capped parapet added to the strong horizontal character of the building. These were removed following the collapse of the roof in 2013. Salvaged bricks, from the collapse, were used in the repair. A chimney, partially removed in 2013, extended through the roofline near the northwest corner of the building. The bricks used in the construction were locally made with the vast majority donated by a Masonic family from their brickyard.

The brick at each elevation is predominantly set in running bond, with the exception of decorative detailing, which is set in rowlock bond. A stone water table runs along the south, east, and west elevations. Where the water table intersects with window openings it acts as a sill. If the water table continued on the north elevation, it has either been removed or obscured by the one-story, concrete block addition. Like the water table at the first story, the second story string course acts as a sill as it intersects window openings. The exposed portion of the north elevation does not continue the stone string course. Decoration is minimal and achieved through the use of stone and brickwork. The original wood frame windows were replaced with vinyl frame windows in the middle of the 1990s. LeRoy’s scheme for the building called for a grand cornice and diamond muntin windows. However, historical photo-documentation indicates these features were not created. Rather, the original first-floor windows of the south elevation appear to be four-pane steel casement windows, and the original second floor windows were single- pane, one-over-one windows. The current first floor windows are one-over-one sash windows. The second-story windows are also one-over-one sash windows, but retain the verticality of the window openings, which have not been altered.

An asphalt shingle, hipped roof covers the building. This roof was installed after the original flat, tar-covered roof collapsed on January 13, 2013. Drawings for the building by LeRoy suggested a grand cornice wasDRAFT planned for the building. Historical photographs depict a dentiled brick cornice surmounted by a plain parapet wall with stone coping. The cornice and parapet exceeded the current height of the roof. The current roof overhangs the building envelope by one foot to accommodate eavestroughs and downspouts. The low angle of the roof creates a minimal visual impact, accommodates the Michigan climate, and prevents further damage to the building.

At the dedication of the building in 1913 several trees were located around the parcel. These have been removed over the intervening years. Part of this may have resulted from the encroachment of concrete pad of the adjacent gas station.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

Exterior

The south elevation, or façade, is nearly symmetrical and divided into three bays. The eastern and western bays are reflections of one another, while the center bay contains a paired arched entrance and the primary decoration of the building. The east and west bays contain a single window opening on the first floor, a brick relief panel at approximately the vertical center of the bay and three, narrow windows at the second floor. The first-story window sits on a stone water table, which acts as a sill. A brick, rowlock stringcourse runs across the eastern and western bays, toward the arched entry. Brick relief panels are placed twelve rows above the first-story windows, at roughly the vertical center of each bay. A stone stringcourse, five rows above the panels, runs the length of the building. Windows for all three bays rest on that string course as it passes below. The relief panels are centered over the first-story windows, but are not centered under the second-story windows. Rather, the panels are offset in relation to the second-story windows, and set slightly to the east on the eastern bay and slightly to the west on the western bay. The panels are created by rowlock and header brick and lack any further ornamentation.

The center bay is defined by its paired, round arch entry, stone panel decoration, and second- story windows. The arched entry is centered on the façade and entered by two stone steps. A center pier rests on a stone plinth. The arches spring from raised “Ts” at the impost. Three courses of rowlock brick spring from each impost and rise to elongated stone keystones. Between the arches a two-light light fixture extends from a brick spandrel. Above the spandrel, which is defined at its upper edge by the aforementioned rowlock brick, is a trapezium-shaped stone panel that reads, “1912.” The top of the date panel is inline with the top of the keystones, which all abut to the course of rowlock brick that forms the bottom of a center panel that contains a large stone panel that reads, “.” The east and west edges of the panel are composed of ten rows of header brick that extend from the first-floor string course to the top of the center panel. This center panel is not in vertical alignment with the plain panels of the eastern and western bays. Rather, its upper edge, set in rowlock brick, sits one row higher than its flanking panels.

Within the recessed entry, centered on each arch, are two-pane slider windows. Entry doors are located at either side of the recessedDRAFT entry.

At the second story, four narrow windows are centered over the arched entry and stone panels. The windows, like those of the eastern and western bays, are vertically oriented, one-over-one, double hung sash windows.

The east elevation is composed of two symmetrical bays and continues the horizontality of the façade through the water table and string courses. At the first story, a one-over-one sash window that is of the same type and style as those of the façade is placed in each bay. The window openings, like those of the façade have not changed. Above each window is a rowlock brick relief panel similar to, but smaller than, those of the façade. The second story is plain brick. Historically, paired vertical windows that replicated those of the façade were centered above the

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State brick panels and first story window. These windows were removed following the collapse of the roof.

The west elevation mirrors the first, both historically and currently with the minor exception that the second story windows of the north bay remain in place.

The north elevation is visually dominated by a circa 1960s, one-story concrete block addition that holds a kitchen and conference room. The addition extends nearly the full width of the original building and rises to near the midpoint of the building. The four narrow vertical windows that correspond to the windows of the façade and the remaining window on the west elevation are centered in the exposed second story. A fire exit door for the second floor has taken the place of the third window from the east. The remaining, full-length windows rest on the historic stone sill that once extended across all four windows. LeRoy’s drawings for the building indicate the north elevation contained three horizontal windows on the first story. These windows were not symmetrically spaced, as a chimney extend from the basement to the roof and a door was located near the northwest corner of the building at the first story. If built as drawn, these may have been removed or covered in the 1960s when the concrete block addition was constructed. Current photographs show a door from the dining room to the addition cut through the north wall. The brick appears to be painted white to match the other walls of the kitchen, and a cabinet at the left of the door appears to be constructed around the stone water table.

Interior

The main entrance of the lodge opens into a lobby. This space drawn in LeRoy’s plans as a “Rec Hall” and is largely in the same configuration. The lobby floor is carpeted. Multi-width paneled wainscoting covers the lower half of the walls. The wainscoting is capped in moulded wood. The upper walls are plain. Doors to restrooms are wood, five-panel, Shaker style. The door casings are of moulded wood and corner blocks that display a concentric circle design. All wood is stained.

In the lobby is a stairway, a door that leads to the basement, restrooms, seating for five, and an open entry to the dining room.DRAFT The stairway has three steps to a landing that turns to the right and leads to the second floor. The stairway is open to lobby ceiling and features original pine handrails and balusters. The men’s restroom was created by converting what was drawn as a rear entry and used for a time as a coat room. The women’s restroom held the original kitchen. A portion of the former kitchen is also used a closet. The three current spaces, the restrooms and the closet appear to match the footprint of the original spaces.

Upon entering the dining room from the foyer, there is an open entry leading to the rear kitchen addition, also an open entry into the rear conference or lounge room. The dining room has been remodeled because of the roof collapse in 2013, but retains its original configuration, the original wooden maple floor, and original center support post. Multi-width, paneled wainscoting covers the lower half of the dining room walls. Like the lobby, the dining room wainscoting is capped in moulded wood. The upper half of the walls are largely free of decoration. The ceiling is

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State trimmed in a plain but wide crown moulding. Windows at the east elevation are trimmed in plain casing that corresponds to the crown moulding.

The addition at the north elevation was constructed in the 1960s, and contains a modern kitchen and a conference or lounge room. The kitchen contains a vinyl, checkerboard floor, but is otherwise free of decoration. Cabinets are located along the south and west walls and an exterior entry door is located at the north elevation. The lounge is carpeted and the walls are covered in multi-width paneling. Windows are framed in moulded wood casing with corner blocks that display a concentric circle design. The entry from the dining room to the lounge is framed in wood casing and corner blocks that correspond to the windows of the lounge.

The lodge room is accessed by the stairway in the foyer. At the top of the stairway is an ante room. In the ante room there are two doors. One leads into the preparation room and the other is a sliding pocket door leading into the lodge room. In the preparation room sliding pocket door leads into the lodge room. In the lodge room, there is one fire escape door leading outside above the kitchen.

The east half of the lodge room has been altered from its historic appearance due to the roof collapse of 2013. The west end of the lodge room retains its historic features and details.

Integrity

Hickory Lodge No. 345 possesses historic integrity. The building remains in its original location. The setting of the property has changed slightly with the removal of mature, deciduous trees and the encroachment of the adjacent gas station. However, the orientation of the building remains unchanged and the property maintains its spatial relationship with the village. The building retains most of its original massing and its character-defining exterior features. The alteration of the roof was a rational solution to the problems presented by the Michigan climate, and creates a minimal visual impact. The exterior of the building is defined by the rhythm of its façade, which is defined by fenestration and the horizontality of LeRoy’s scheme. These character-defining features remain key features, and all the building to convey its historic significance as a Masonic meeting hall that was, and continues to be, important in the social history of the village. DRAFT

The interior of the building was designed primarily for Masonic functions, with certain spaces available for public use. Chief among those programmatic requirements was the location of the lodge room on the second floor. Though some loss of historic materials and alteration has occurred on the first floor, the spatial arrangement LeRoy’s design is largely intact. The changes that have been made reflect the adaptation of a 1912 building to latter-twentieth and twenty-first- century uses. A key example of this, which reflects the significance of the building as a social resource is the construction of a women’s restroom. This space does not appear in LeRoy’s plans, but would be a necessary space later in the century and at present. The second floor of the building still holds the lodge room which is still used for Masonic functions, and first floor continues to hold the dining room and other spaces open to the public.

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

______8. Statement of Significance

Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.)

X A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.

B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction.

D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

Criteria Considerations (Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.)

A. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes

B. Removed from its original location

C. A birthplace orDRAFT grave

D. A cemetery

E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure

F. A commemorative property

G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions.) _Social History______

Period of Significance _1912-1970______

Significant Dates _1912______

Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) _N/A______

Cultural Affiliation _N/A______DRAFT ______

Architect/Builder _LeRoy, Rockwell A._(architect)______

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

DRAFT

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.)

Hickory Lodge No. 345 is significant at the under National Register Criterion A in the area of Social History at the local level of significance. The lodge building is significant to the community of Hickory Corners for its long and continued association with Hickory Lodge No. 345 of the Free and Accepted Masons. Hickory Lodge No. 345 has played a significant role in the social history of Hickory Corners, a small, unincorporated community in Barry County, Michigan, since it was chartered in 1877. The lodge building has been the home of Hickory Lodge No. 345 since its construction in 1912. The lodge was one of several that had been chartered in Barry County and Barry Township during what was known as the Golden Age of Fraternalism in the United States, roughly 1870s until about 1920, but today is one of only two remaining lodge buildings in the county associated with the Free and Accepted Masons. The other is located in Hastings, the county seat. The building also hosted the Order of the Eastern Star until that lodge was dissolved. The period of significance for the property begins in 1912 when it was constructed and ends in 1970. This period reflects the continued significance of Hickory Lodge No. 345 to the local community.

______Narrative Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.)

Hickory Corners

The village of Hickory Corners is located in the center of Section 28 in Barry County. Romig identified Reverend Moses Lawrence as the first settler of what grew into Hickory Corners.2 Lawrence came from Madison County, New York.3 When he arrived here, he built a one-story log cabin on what is now Lawrence Lake,4 a short distance to the east of the village, in 1834. Lawrence was followed in theDRAFT next few years by other settlers who all settled in the vicinity of Hickory Corners present-day four corners.

When Lawrence arrived in Barry County it was “new, and not yet extensively settled.”5 The county was composed of four townships, and five settlements located along a road that led from Grand Rapids to Kalamazoo.6

2 Walter Romig, Michigan Place Names (: Press, 1986), 264. 3 Prosper G. Bernard, Years Gone By (Bernard Historical Society, 1967), 37. 4 Ibid. 5 John T. Blois, Gazatteer of the State of Michigan (Detroit: Sydney L. Root & Co., 1838), p. 213. 6 Ibid.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State As more settlers arrived in the area of Hickory Corners, gradual improvements were made and a commercial center began to take form. The first road was constructed in 1837, as was Hickory Road.7 Local history indicates that surveyors found a large hickory tree near the present village site, and when a school was built in 1837 or 1838 it was give then name of Hickory Corners.8 The school, known as the White School House, was the first frame building in the village,9 and school remained in use until 1929 when it was sold and dismantled and the lumber used to construct a house.10 Churches were soon formed in, and a post office was established in the fledgling village in 1844.

By 1856, Barry County contained about eight hundred farms and had a population of eight thousand.11 Hickory Corners was identified in the 1856 state gazetteer as “a post office in Barry county.” Despite the seeming lack of stature in the gazetteer, and the entry noted the presence of two general stores and a “general dealer.”12

The county and village continued to grow. The 1863 state gazetteer identified twenty-five post offices throughout the county, including Hickory Corners.13 The village was identified as a “post village,” and contained a number of businesses, blacksmiths carpenters, and other enterprises found in a growing town.14 A hotel, still extant, was constructed in 1868 on what is now Kellogg School Road, south of Hickory Road. The hotel was intended to serve the increased traffic, largely the result of a stage line, that passed through the village.

By 1875 the “small village” contained about one hundred people.15 The entry for this edition of the gazetteer noted that the village was settled in 1854, and had grown into a small commercial center for surrounding farmers who produced wheat, corn, oats, sheep, and wool.16 The village had grown from the three “general” business found there in 1856 to sixteen enterprises in 1875. Notably, a hotel had been established in the village by 1875.17 The building appears to still stand along Kellogg School Road. In addition to commercial, education, and religious entities, a Masonic lodge was established in the village at this time. The lodge received a dispensation from Grand Master George H. Durand in 1875, and was chartered as Hickory Lodge No. 345 1877. According to the 1875 state gazetteer, Hickory Corners appears to have been the smallest village, by population, to establish a Masonic lodge.

DRAFT 7 Prosper G. Bernard, Years Gone By (Bernard Historical Society, 1967), 39. 8 Ibid., 40. 9 Ibid. 10 Ibid. 11 State of Michigan Gazetteer & Business Directory for 1856-7 (Detroit: H. Huntington Lee & Co. & James Sutherland, 1856), 16. 12 “Hickory Corners,” State of Michigan Gazetteer & Business Directory (Detroit: H. Huntington Lee & Co. & James Sutherland, 1856), 127. 13 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1863-4 (Detroit: Charles E. Clark, 1863), 157. 14 Ibid., 339. 15 “Hickory Corners,” Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1875 (Detroit: Tribune Printing Co., 1875), 431 16 Ibid. 17 Ibid.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State By the time the 1897 state gazetteer was published the village had grown to two hundred people and was noted in the publication as a “village” and not merely a “small village” as it was some twenty years prior.18 The number of businesses had increased to twenty-three and the village was home to three churches.19

In 1903 the population of the village had reached 260,20 but by 1908 the population had decreased dramatically and was about 150,21 but by 1921 the population had increased again to 200. Throughout these years the number and diversity of businesses remained relatively stable, and some new businesses were established. The Hickory Creamery Company was incorporated in 1902.22 Through at least 1908 a stage coach ran daily from Augusta, about eight miles to the south, to Hickory Corners. The stage brought both passengers and whiskey to the hotel.23 As times and technologies changed so too did those of Hickory Corners, somewhat as evidenced by the inclusion of the Hickory Corners Telephone Company in the business listings for the village in 1921.24 Horse-drawn buggies and wagons eventually gave way to automobiles, and sales and service businesses were established in the village.

When the Chicago, Kalamazoo and Saginaw Railway was built through the village of Dalton, about five miles to the north, the importance of Hickory Corners as a commercial center for the Barry County waned.25 Yet, the village continued to thrive and evolve over the ensuing decades of the twentieth century.

The Golden Age of Fraternalism

Fraternal organizations – those groups of human beings, freely joined in common purpose – were exceptionally popular in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, during what is now referred to as the Golden Age of Fraternalism, from about 1870 to 1910.26 Some of the earliest societies in the United States were brought from Europe as the country was settled by immigrants.

Many fraternal societies were established, primarily, as mutual benefit organizations, and provided support for sick and injured members, for the windowed and orphaned, and offered various forms of insurance. InsuranceDRAFT was of particular interest to working-class members, as

18 “Hickory Corners,” Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory (Detroit: R. L. Polk & Co., 1897), 927. 19 Ibid. 20 “Hickory Corners,” Polk’s Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory, 1903-1904 (Detroit), 1046. 21 “Hickory Corners,” Polk’s Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory, 1907-1908 (Detroit), 1091. 22 “Articles of Incorporation of Michigan Corporations,” Port Huron Daily Herald (Port Huron, MI), November 24, 1902. 23 Prosper G. Bernard, Years Gone By (Bernard Historical Society, 1967), 43. 24 “Hickory Corners.” Polk’s Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory, 1921-1922, p. 1040. 25 Prosper G. Bernard, Years Gone By (Bernard Historical Society, 1967), 48. 26 W. S. Harwood, "Secret Societies in America." North American Review 164, no. 486 (1897): 623; Harriet W. McBride, “The Golden Age of Fraternalism: 1870-1910,” last updated 2005, phoenixmasonry.org/Golden%20Age%20of%20Fraternalism.pdf

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State they usually had no other way of obtaining such benefits.27 While ostensibly available, the cost of life insurance, in particular, rendered it unavailable to most workers. Yet the need for a “cheaper form of insurance” was great, as the country transitioned to an increasingly urban and industrial society.28

Others, however, were established for predominantly social or fraternal reasons, an American version of the British “friendly societies.” These organizations brought together individuals from differing economic and social classes in a community in fellowship and common cause, provided identity, and offered a form of kinship.

Meyer in 1901, that, “the social history of the United States cannot be written without taking notice of a system which includes one out of every fifteen of our population, and which involves the expenditure of millions of dollars annually.29 That fraternal and social organizations were an essential part of American society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century cannot be overstated. According to Kaufman fraternal organizations were, “the predominant organizational form of the era.”30

Meyer also noted that “other features of the programs of fraternal societies are essentially similar to those of literary clubs-readings, essays, debates, musical selections, etc.”31 There were also, according to Meyer, other essential, but less obvious benefits. He went to suggest that, “it is impossible for a person… to see and hear the same ritual, participate in the same unpretentious charitable work, hear the same gentle counsel, and be exhorted by the same lofty injunction, without being affected in his inmost soul.”32

By 1886 the number of societies and organizations had increased to the point that a national federation was considered necessary to address problems common to social and fraternal organizations across the country, to provide technical assistance, and to advocate for member organizations.33 The first national association, the National Fraternal Congress, was established on November 16, 1886, in Washington, D.C., by sixteen mutual benefit societies.34

27 Harriet W. McBride, “The Golden Age of Fraternalism: 1870-1910,” last updated 2005, phoenixmasonry.org/Golden%20Age%20of%20Fraternalism.pdf.DRAFT 28 Walter S. Nichols, “Fraternal Insurance in the United States: Its Origin, Development, Character and Existing Status,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 70 (1917), p. 110. 29 B. H. Meyer, "Fraternal Beneficiary Societies in the United States." American Journal of Sociology 6, no. 5 (1901), 646-647. 30 Jason Kaufman, “Rise and Fall of a Nation of Joiners: The Knights of Labor Revisited,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 31 (2001), 554. 31 B. H. Meyer, "Fraternal Beneficiary Societies in the United States." American Journal of Sociology 6, no. 5 (1901), 646-661. 32 Ibid., 657-658. 33 Felix John Vondracek. “The Rise of Fraternal Organizations in the United States, 1868-1900.” Social Science 47, no. 1 (1972), 31. 34 By 1899 the number of member societies in the National Fraternal Congress (NFC) had increased to forty-seven and represented more than 2.5 million people. The NFC continues to present day as the American Fraternal Alliance.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State Over the next decade, the number of societies, lodges, and members increased and by 1896 an estimated five million men and women had joined at least one fraternal organization. This total membership comprised of one-eighth to one-fifth of the male population of the United States.35 About that same time, Albert C. Stevens, editor of the thoroughly detailed Cyclopaedia of Fraternities, estimated that some three hundred secret societies were in operation in the United States at that time, a number that included eighty-nine mutual assessment fraternities, but not those specifically affiliated with Jewish, Roman Catholic, and African American peoples.36 Stevens also found that some 200,000 individuals joined these societies annually,37 while William Sumner Harwood, late nineteenth century “newspaper man, magazine writer and author,”38 put the number of new members per year as high as 300,000.39 At that time, the three largest orders were the Free and Accepted Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Knights of Pythias.40 Of Stevens 200,000 new members, he found that 30,000 joined each the Masons and the Odd Fellows, 15,000 joined the Knights of Pythias, with the balance among the myriad smaller organizations. These individuals joined with their brothers and sisters in one (or more) of approximately seventy thousand lodges that were found throughout at the United States at the turn of the twentieth century.41

While most of these societies were established by and for men, women were also involved in fraternal organizations, often through auxiliaries of the men’s society, and sometimes as independent organizations. The number of women who participated in fraternal associations rose from 319 in 1892 to 73,864 in 1899.

According to Stevens’ Cyclopaedia, a good number fraternal organizations were established in Michigan, including the Royal Adelphia (Detroit, 1883), Order of the Sanhedrim (Detroit, 1887), Order of United Friends of Michigan, (Detroit, 1889), the Knights of the Blue Cross of the World (Homer, 1888), the Ladies of the Maccabees (1888), the National Dotare (Detroit, 1892), the Order of the Golden Rod (Detroit, 1894), the Modern Order of Craftsmen (Detroit, 1894), Order of Fraternal Preceptors (Grand Haven, 1894), the Knights of the Loyal Guard (Flint, 1895), the Columbian League (Detroit, 1896), the Ancient Order of the Gleaners (Caro), the Knights of the Maccabees (Port Huron), Protected Fireside Circle (Detroit), Provident League of America (Detroit), Order of the Orient, and while the Knights of Pythias were organized in 1864 in Washington , D.C., Justus H. Rathbone laid out some of the organizations rituals between 1860 and 1861, while living inDRAFT Eagle Harbor, Michigan. There may have been, and likely were, others that came and went over the years. Aside from the Maccabees, none of these orders rose to any level of prominence and never challenged the Masons and Odd Fellows as the preeminent fraternal organizations in the state.

35 W. S. Harwood, "Secret Societies in America." North American Review 164, no. 486 (1897), 617. 36 Albert C. Stevens, The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities (New York: Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, 1899). 37 Ibid., XX. 38 Mira Abbott Maclay, “The Work of William Sumner Harwood.” Sunset. April 1909 39 W. S. Harwood, "Secret Societies in America." North American Review 164, no. 486 (1897). 40 Ibid., 620. 41 W. S. Harwood, "Secret Societies in America." North American Review 164, no. 486 (1897), 621.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State Whether a predominantly fraternal or social organization or a beneficent one, “the social history of the United States cannot be written without taking notice of a system which includes one out of every fifteen of our population, and which involves the expenditure of millions of dollars annually,” as Meyer noted.42

Vondracek, too, found that fraternal or beneficial societies:

performed a valuable service… The privilege of attending lodge and enjoying the fellowship of others was a feature that should not have been valued lightly. The lodge was the people's forum and club. Questions of importance to the community were discussed there, and the social affairs were events that called together all who desired entertainment and recreation.43

In addition to their social benefits, more than half of the fraternal organizations active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries provided death, sick, accident, disability, funeral, or other benefits.44 Meyer found this to be “a truly beautiful custom, which can hardly fail to teach that in modern society vital relations exist among men, and that, in a sense at least, every man is every other man's keeper.”45

Fraternal contributions to American civic life extended beyond providing membership and belonging, a public forum, or material benefit. Fraternal functions and meetings brought hundreds or thousands of members to cities around the state, often for annual conferences or meetings. Activities associated with these events, particularly parades, brought many more people as spectators. Newspapers often carried news of fraternal events, and large or significant events, especially, were received featured coverage.

From turn of the twentieth century until about World War Two, hundreds and thousands of people – both members of fraternal organizations and the public alike – came to cities and towns across Michigan to participate in or witness various events. While most events drew thousands to a particular place, the two most significant events occurred in Detroit in 1922 and 1928.

In 1922, at the time the cornerstone was laid for the Masonic Temple in Detroit, 40,000 Masons were to march in a parade,46 andDRAFT more than 200,00 people attended the cornerstone ceremony.47 The Detroit Free Press reported that the parade was the “largest in the history of the order,”48

42 B. H. Meyer, “Fraternal Beneficiary Societies in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 6, no. 5 (1901): 646-647. 43 Felix John Vondracek. “The Rise of Fraternal Organizations in the United States, 1868-1900.” Social Science 47, no. 1 (1972), 32. 44 Albert C. Stevens, The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities (New York: Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, 1899), v. 45 B. H. Meyer, “Fraternal Beneficiary Societies in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 6, no. 5 (1901), 649. 46 “Denby in City, Masons’ Guest,” Detroit Free Press, September 18, 1922. 47 “200,000 Witness Masonic Ritual as Stone is Laid,” Detroit Free Press, September 19, 1922. 48 “Denby in City, Masons’ Guest,” Detroit Free Press, September 18, 1922.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State and that the cornerstone event was “probably the greatest throng ever gathered in one compact area in the history of Detroit.”49 Several years later, a crowd of 500,000 watched as 35,000 Knights Templar, an organization associated with Masonry, marched in a parade that lasted five hours.50

Several years later, in 1928, a crowd of 500,000 watched as 35,000 Knights Templar, an organization associated with Masonry, marched in a parade that lasted five hours.51

Such events continued until World War II, and resumed, to some extent, shortly after thereafter. However, interest, and ultimately membership, in fraternal organizations had begun to decline in the 1920s, and that trend continued through the rest of the twentieth century. After the war, and over the next few decades, a general decline and consolidation continued among fraternal and benevolent societies. Many of the smaller organizations faded away. Some organizations, however, maintained a consistent membership. Masonic membership had reached three million in 1932, and declined to less than 2.5 million through 1943, and grew from that point forward.52 Membership reached four million in 1955 and stayed at that level until 1964. Like other organizations, membership in Masonic lodges has declined, but remained above one million members in the United States through 2017.53

By the turn of the twenty-first century, membership of fraternal organizations had hit an all-time low.54 Despite a general decline in membership and the dissolution or consolidation of many organizations, a good number of societies continued, and continue, to have a strong presence in communities across the state and country through twentieth century and into the twenty first.

Among the more prominent fraternal organizations that remain active in Michigan are the Loyal Order of Moose, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Free and Accepted Masons. In particular, there are approximately 270 chartered Masonic lodges in Michigan as of 2020.

Masonry in Michigan

Formation of in Michigan, 1764-1829 (the First ) DRAFT Freemasonry can be considered to be the “mother fraternity”55 of all such organizations that developed in the United States in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. This is in

49 “200,000 Witness Masonic Ritual as Stone is Laid,” Detroit Free Press, September 19, 1922. 50 “500,000 See Templars in Parade,” Detroit Free Press, July 18, 1928. 51 Ibid. 52 “Masonic Membership Statistics 2016-2017: Membership Totals since 1924,” Masonic Service Association of North America. www.msana.com/msastats.asp. 53 Ibid. 54 Burke Gray, “Fraternalism in America (1860-1920),” Phoenixmasonry Masonic Museum and Library, www.phoenixmasonry.org/masonicmuseum/fraternalism/fraternalism_in_america.htm. 55 Albert C. Stevens, The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities (New York: Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, 1899), v.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State part due to the fact that many of the fraternal organizations that have come and gone have based their rituals on the forms or aspects Masonic rituals. The influence and import of Freemasonry is also seen in the requirement of other orders that membership was open only to Master Masons.

The oldest Masonic lodge in the world is Kilwinning Lodge in Kilwinning, Scotland, which was founded there in the twelfth century. Freemasonry later made its way to colonial America, and was established in Michigan when “the entire peninsulas now constituting this beautiful state were an unbroken wilderness.”56 Zion Lodge was established by warrant issued on April 27, 1764, by Grand Master George Harison of New York. The warrant was issued to a group of officers of the 60th Royal American Regiment and others living in Detroit at that time.57 Zion Lodge continued for some unknown number of years and no records are known to exist. In 1794, however, a petition was sent to the Grand Lodge of Canada requesting to establish a Grand Lodge. The petition was granted and a warrant issued on September 7, 1794. Masons in Detroit met at the house of James Donaldson on December 19, 1794, and organized Zion Lodge No. 10.58 Zion Lodge remained attached to Canada until 1807 when it reorganized under the Authority of the , and was known as Zion Lodge No. 1 until 1812 when the outbreak of war caused its members to suspend meetings.59 The Lodge was dormant until 1816, when it renewed and renamed Zion Lodge No. 62.60

Zion Lodge No. 62 remained the only lodge in the Michigan Territory until Detroit Lodge No. 337 was organized in 1821.61 The organization of Oakland Lodge in Pontiac, a few miles to the north of Detroit, followed Detroit Lodge. The organization of Monroe Lodge, to the south of Detroit, and Menomanie Lodge, located in what became Green Bay, Wisconsin, but was then a part of the Michigan Territory, brought the number of lodges in the territory to four.

The was organized in the Michigan Territory on June 13, 1826,62 and incorporated through an act of the territorial legislature on April 12, 1827.63 The old Zion Lodge was recognized as Zion Lodge No. 1 once more.64

The organization of Western Star Lodge No. 6 in Ann Arbor, some forty-five miles to the west of Detroit, in 1827 marked the beginning spread of Freemasonry westward across the state.

Despite the organization of a GrandDRAFT Lodge and the formation of new subordinate lodges, the success of the Masonic order was short lived. An “anti-masonic excitement, which at that time

56 Jefferson S. Conover, Freemasonry in Michigan: A Comprehensive History of Michigan Masonry from its Earliest Introduction in 1764 (Coldwater, MI: Conover Engraving and Printing Company, 1897), 15. 57 Ibid., 14-15. 58 Ibid., 18. 59 Ibid., 31-39. 60 Ibid., 39-40. 61 Ibid., 44. 62 Ibid., 65. 63 Ibid., 135. 64 Ibid., 48.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State was spreading… like the desolating Sirocco of the desert”65 was the cause of significant concern on the part of all Masons, not just in Michigan, but throughout all of the northern states and territories. Beginning with what was known as the Morgan Affair, the anti-masonic fervor began in New York and swept across the country. Gould, in his multi-volume , described it so:

No society, civil, military or religious, escaped its influence; no relation of family or friends was a barrier to it. The hatred of Masonry was carried everywhere, and there was no retreat so sacred that it did not enter. Not only were teachers and pastors driven from their stations, but the children of Masons were excluded from their schools, and members from their churches. The sacrament was refused to Masons by formal vote of the church. Families were divided, and brother arrayed against brother, father against son, and even the wife against her husband.66

Conover, several years later, further described the tenor of that era:

it was hardly safe for a man to be known as a Mason. It became the all-absorbing topic in all departments of life. It entered into all the social, business, religious and political life of the people. Families were divided, church fellowships rent in twain, and business interests sacrificed. It entered into politics and old parties were disrupted and new ones formed. A political party having anti-masonry as its principal plank swept over the northern states like wildfire, and for a time, threatened the existence of all other parties.67

This widespread craze led to the suspension of all Masonic lodges in the Michigan territory,68 except “plucky” Stony Creek Lodge No. 5,69 which “kept the lodge illuminated on the nights of its regular meetings, its lights shining out over the surging waters of fanaticism, and bigotry.”70 At least for a time. Ultimately, the Grand Lodge of Michigan was dissolved in 1929, a casualty of men “governed generally by bigotry and prejudice.”71 It would be more than a decade before the Grand Lodge was reformed. DRAFT

65 Transactions of the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free & Accepted Masons (New York: John M. Marsh, Printer, 1842), 21. 66 Robert Freke Gould, The History of Freemasonry, vol. IV (New York: John C. Yorston & Co., 1880), 327. 67 Jefferson S. Conover, Freemasonry in Michigan: A Comprehensive History of Michigan Masonry from its Earliest Introduction in 1764 (Coldwater, MI: Conover Engraving and Printing Company, 1897), 137. 68 Transactions of the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free & Accepted Masons (New York: John M. Marsh, Printer, 1842), 21. 69 Jefferson S. Conover, Freemasonry in Michigan: A Comprehensive History of Michigan Masonry from its Earliest Introduction in 1764 (Coldwater, MI: Conover Engraving and Printing Company, 1897), 138. 70 Ibid., 109. 71 Grand Master James Ten Eyck as quoted in “New Masonic Home,” Detroit Free Press, October 6, 1892.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

Second Grand Lodge, 1841-1844

By the early 1840s the anti-Masonic agitation had subsided, and the Masons of Michigan sought to reestablish their dormant Grand Lodge. In 1841 three lodges gathered in Mount Clemens, Michigan, to reorganize the Grand Lodge. However, it was found by a committee at the 1842 General Masonic Convention in Washington, DC, that the Grand Lodge had been improperly formed and could not be recognized. Two of the lodges that formed the second Grand Lodge were not chartered lodges, and Masonic law at that time required at least three chartered lodges. Despite this setback, Freemasonry continued to grow and new lodges were established under other jurisdictions, particularly the Grand Lodges of New York and Indiana.

Lebanon Lodge in Mount Clemens, Napoleon Lodge No. 7 in Brooklyn, Saint John’s Lodge No. 8 in Jackson, and Evergreen Lodge No. 9 in Saint Clair were established by the Grand Lodge of Michigan, while Saint Joseph Valley Lodge No. 4 in Niles was established by the Grand Lodge of New York and the Western Star Lodge No. 10 in Saint Joseph was established by the .72

Several of the New York-chartered lodges met in 1843 to form a new Grand Lodge. Both Grand Lodges existed in Michigan until the ill-formed lodge was dissolved in December 1844.73 This being done, the Masons of Michigan could put the difficulties of the past years behind them.

Third Grand Lodge and the Growth of Freemasonry in Michigan, 1844-1899

From that time the third Grand Lodge was established in 1844, through 1877, the number of lodges and members increased annually. By 1848 the number of lodges had increased to twenty- one and counted more than 570 members among them.74 By 1877, the Masons maintained more than three hundred lodges in Michigan and nearly 27,000 members. The largest number of members initiated into the Masons in any one year was 3,445 in 1865.75

Conover reported that 1877 was the first year in which the Masons lost members. Though 1877 marked a year of decline, that decline was not universal. That year, the Grand Lodge chartered several new lodges, includingDRAFT Hickory Lodge No. 345 in Hickory Corners. Joining Hickory Lodge were lodges in Ortonville, Portage, Imlay City, Grand Rapids (Doric Lodge), Marlette, Petoskey (Durand Lodge), and Hesperia.

General membership declined in 1878 as well, but by 1880 gains in membership had returned the statewide total to about what it was in 1877. The fiftieth anniversary of the Grand Lodge

72 Jefferson S. Conover, Freemasonry in Michigan: A Comprehensive History of Michigan Masonry from its Earliest Introduction in 1764 (Coldwater, MI: Conover Engraving and Printing Company, 1897), 208. 73 Robert Freke Gould, The History of Freemasonry, vol. IV (New York: John C. Yorston & Co., 1880), 516. 74 William H. Phillips, “Grand Master’s Address,” Transactions of the Grand Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan, 1895, 41. 75 Jefferson S. Conover, “Grand Secretary’s Report,” Transactions of the Grand Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan, 1895, 73.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State occurred in 1894, at which time there were 376 lodges76 and 36,716 members throughout the state.77 In 1888, Michigan counted nearly twenty-nine thousand Masons.78 By 1907 there were nearly fifty thousand Masons in subordinate lodges, nearly eighteen thousand in Royal Arch chapters, and about seven thousand active in the Knights Templar Commanderies.79 Michigan ranked third among the states in the number of Royal and Select Master Masons.80

Masons took a prominent role in the civic affairs of many communities in Michigan. Many prominent citizens in communities throughout the state had joined the Masonic brotherhood. It is perhaps unsurprising then that Masonic history records Masonic presence at the laying cornerstones for city halls, schools, churches, courthouses, and other prominent buildings and monument across Michigan over a great number of years.81

Arguably the most important cornerstone laid by Michigan Masons was that of the Masonic Temple in Detroit in 1922. Tens of thousands of Masons from across Michigan celebrated the laying of the cornerstone of “the world’s largest Masonic temple” in Detroit in September 1922.82 The building contains more than one thousand rooms and one million square feet of space.83 It was completed in 1926 and listed in the National Register in 1980. The event brought more than forty thousand Masons to the city, and more than 200,000 people came to watch the events of the day.84

By 1924, Michigan ranked fifth in country in the number of Masons, with about 140,000, nearly twice that of a decade earlier.85

Hickory Lodge No. 345

By the time Hickory Lodge No. 345 received its charter in 1877, Masonic lodges had been established in five other communities in Barry County: Hastings (1853), Orangeville (1863), Middleville (1868), Nashville (1869), Woodland (1872).

Grand Master George H. Durand had announced at the Grand Lodge of 1876 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, that he had issued a dispensation for Hickory Lodge at Hickory Corners on November

76 William H. Phillips, “Grand Master’sDRAFT Address,” Transactions of the Grand Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan, 1895, 42. 77 Jefferson S. Conover, “Grand Master’s Address,” Transactions of the Grand Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan, 1895, 73. 78 Robert Freke Gould, The History of Freemasonry, vol. IV (New York: John C. Yorston & Co., 1880), 517. 79 Albert C. Stevens. The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities. (New York: Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, 1899), 43. 80 Ibid., 42. 81 Records of these events are found in the Transactions of the Grand Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan, an annual publication of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the Grand Lodge. 82 “Denby in City, Masons’ Guest,” Detroit Free Press, September 18, 1922. 83 Alex Lundberg and Greg Kowalski, Detroit’s Masonic Temple (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2006), 7. 84 “Cornerstone Laying Witnessed by 200,000,” Detroit Free Press, September 19, 1922. 85 Charles A. Durand,” “Grand Master’s Address,” Transactions of the Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan, 1924, 29.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State 2, 1875.86 Hickory Lodge was one of nine that year to receive a dispensation. Durand also noted in his speech that “many other applications for dispensation” had been received in 1875, but had been declined,87 though reasons were not given. The Masons who formed Hickory Lodge had demitted from surrounding lodges.88

Over the next year, the Masons of Hickory Lodge continued to meet and the lodge continued to grow. Hickory Lodge No. 345 received its charter on January 24, 1877. From that time until 1912, the Masons of Hickory Lodge met in a number of buildings in the village.89 Growth of the lodge necessitated a larger meeting space, and ideally a permanent one. Lodge members began to plan for a permanent lodge building.

In the latter part of 1911, two committees were formed: one to determine the feasibility of the necessary construction work to convert a portion of the Rockwell Store to a permanent and functional Masonic Lodge,90 and a second to research the feasibility of securing a lease of the second floor of the store.

At the time that plans were being developed by the lodge members, the lodge held its meetings on the third floor of Williams and Son Grocery and Hotel, which is currently the site of Goldsworthy’s Service Station.

On August 29, 1911, a special meeting was convened to receive the reports of the two committees. After receiving the reports and “by a vote of the Lodge the project was lost.”

A committee was then formed to consider the cost of constructing a building that would be twenty-six feet by fifty-two feet. On September 18, 1911, another special meeting was convened directing the secretary of the Lodge to notify all members that a vote to either purchase a hall or build a new Masonic Temple would be taken at the October 7, 1911, meeting. Member Ross Cadwallader was appointed to secure an option on a lot to be purchased from Helen Bush.

During the regular meeting on November 4, 1911, another committee was formed to “see about” buying a lot from Helen Bush for building purposes. Approval was granted to proceed with the purchase during the December meeting and an indenture was issued on December 13, 1911, for thirty square rods (495 squareDRAFT feet) at a cost of two hundred dollars.

At this time, the lodge formed the Hickory Corners Masonic Association to the facilitate the construction of the lodge building. The association commissioned Kalamazoo, Michigan, architect Rockwell A. LeRoy to design the building. LeRoy’s plans were approved and construction began in the spring of 1912.

86 “The Masonic Grand Lodge,” Detroit Free Press, January 26, 1876. 87 Ibid. 88 Barry County, Michigan, History (Barry County Book Committee, 1985), 26. 89 Ibid. 90 Rockwell’s Store was for many years the Hickory Corners Grocery and today is the of the current office of an insurance agency.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State Nearly all of the construction labor was performed and the materials donated by the members of the lodge themselves. On April 10, 1912, a second indenture was issued for the purchase of an additional five square rods from Helen Bush for thirty dollars. A mortgage from Delton State Bank was issued on November 16, 1912, for one thousand dollars to pay off final construction costs. That mortgage was discharged on October 6, 1924. Almost every payment in paying off that mortgage was sixty dollars per year.

The building was dedicated in a formal ceremony with the assistance of the Grand Lodge Officers of Michigan on July 24, 1913. A number of newspapers in the state reported on the event. Three hundred Masons, from twelve lodges, along with their family, and friends, attended the dedication. Hickory Lodge was acknowledged as “the smallest lodge in the United States and probably the smallest in the world to possess a temple.”91 The Sebawing Blade, published in Huron County on the east side of the state, reported that Hickory Lodge was the second lodge to be built in Barry County, after Hasting Lodge in Hastings in 1909.92

Since the construction of the lodge building in 1912, it has served continuously as place of community. In addition to Masonic meetings, the Masons offered the building for use by other groups and organizations. Community meals, hosted by the Masons or the Order of the Eastern Star were frequent events. Times of celebration and sadness were held at Hickory Lodge as well. Wedding anniversaries and other celebratory events were held in the public rooms of the lodge. Funeral services were held there too. Parades often began or ended at the lodge building.

In the mid 1950s the lodge had a membership of approximately 16593

There have been over 570 Masons who have signed the original Roll of Membership book and over ninety Worshipful Masters who have been elected to preside over the Lodge. The membership of the Lodge consisted of a wide variety of professions and occupations, among them, an Air Force Colonel, bankers, bricklayers, a conservation officer, a county sheriff, dentists, doctors, electricians, farmers, high school superintendents, lawyers, locomotive engineers, lumbermen, mail carriers, a Marine Captain, merchants, pharmacists, postmasters, plumbers, school principals, state representatives, state police officers, teachers, and township officers. This cross section of Hickory Corners illustrates the unique role Hickory Lodge has played in the social history of DRAFTthe community.

Hickory Lodge #345 continues to meet in the lodge building and continues its service to the communities of Hickory Corners, Barry Township, and Barry County.

Prudence Nobles Chapter No. 366, Order of the Eastern Star

By 1912 lodges of three organizations associated with Freemasonry had been established in Barry County. The Hastings No. 68 Royal Arch Masons, the Hastings No. 7 Order of the

91 “Smallest Lodge has New Temple,” State Journal, July 25, 1913. 92 “Hastings,” Sebawing Blade, July 24, 1913. 93 “Barry County Lodge Marks 75th Birthday,” Battle Creek Enquirer and News, March 30, 1952.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State Eastern Star (OES), both in the city of Hastings, and the Prudence Nobles Order of the Eastern Star No. 366, established 1908 in Hickory Corners. The Prudence Nobles OES eventually shared space with Hickory Lodge in the lodge building.

The origins of the Order of the Eastern Star, like that of Freemasonry, are shrouded in some mystery. Much credit to the formation of the order in American is given to Robert Morris, Poet Laureate of the Kentucky Masons.94 Morris sought to organize an order that was open to women. While he “did not originate the whole thing,” Morris developed the rituals for the OES, beginning in 1850,95 and established the first lodge in Fulton County, Kentucky, in 1855.96 Between 1855 and 1860, Morris wrote “many books and manuals” for the order.97 However, “there was no real general organization” of the OES,98 until a number of years later. Charters were self-issued and lodges were self-governed.99 Yet, between 1866 and 1876, the ideas of organizational governance began to develop through the development of the “chapter system” and “the more friendly cooperation of Masonry itself.”100 In 1866, Robert Macoy assumed the leadership of the OES. He reorganized and simplified the rituals established by Morris. Macoy’s work was largely in New York and it is from there that he issued charters.101 A form of a General Grand Council was established in 1873 in New York, but it was supplanted by the formation of the General Grand Council of the Order in 1876 in Chicago.102

The Michigan chapters of the OES played an important historical role in the development of the order.103 A “Grand Lodge of Adoptive Masonry”104 was organized in Adrian, Michigan, on October 30, 1867, by fifteen lodges that had been organized in the state.105 The Grand Lodge was the first such body to be organized, and subsequent to that date thirty-two Grand Lodges had been organized in other states as well as the General Grand Council.106 The Michigan Grand Lodge joined the General Grand Chapter of the OES in 1878.107 The Michigan Grand Chapter is considered to be “the oldest ‘Easter Star Grand Body’ in existence.108

94 Charlotte O. Steger, A Brief History of the Order of the Eastern Star (Utica, NY: Eastern Star Dial, 1917), 20. 95 Ibid., 25 & 30. 96 Albert C. Stevens. The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities. (New York: Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, 1907), 100. 97 Charlotte O. Steger, A Brief HistoryDRAFT of the Order of the Eastern Star (Utica, NY: Eastern Star Dial, 1917), 26. 98 Ibid., 35. 99 Ibid., 36. 100 Ibid., 37. 101 Albert C. Stevens. The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities. (New York: Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, 1907), 101. 102 Ibid. 103 Charlotte O. Steger, A Brief History of the Order of the Eastern Star (Utica, NY: Eastern Star Dial, 1917), 38. 104 The name “Adoptive Masonry” is derived from such orders established in France in which “every such lodge had to be adopted by some regular Masonic lodge.” “Masonic News,” Saint Joseph Daily Press (Saint Joseph, MI), June 1, 1906. 105 Ibid. 106 Detroit Free Press, May 5, 1905. 107 Charlotte O. Steger, A Brief History of the Order of the Eastern Star (Utica, NY: Eastern Star Dial, 1917), 38-39. 108 Ibid., 39.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State Much like the Masons, the OES expanded and established new chapters as the years and decades passed. By the 1910s, Illinois, Michigan, and New York could boast of the most members.109 Michigan was arguably “the banner Eastern Star State in point of membership,” as it had roughly the same number of members as New York, but a much smaller population.110

The Prudence Nobles Chapter No. 366 in Hickory Corners received their charter on January 10, 1908. The Prudence Nobles were joined in April that year by the Orangeville Chapter No. 367. These new chapters joined those at Hastings (1870), Middleville (1876), and Nashville (1882). Woodland Chapter No. 25 had been organized in 1880, but had surrendered its charter in 1888. A new Woodland Chapter, No. 498, was established in 1941.111

The Prudence Nobles joined their Masonic brethren in support of the local community. The order sponsored many community events over the years. Some of these events were held to benefit those in need, or as simply as a way to bring the community together. Other events were meant specifically for the OES. In such events, the Prudence Nobles hosted the other Barry County OES chapters in special meetings. At times, gatherings took place at times of solemnity, as the Prudence Nobles performed graveside services for deceased members.

Available periodicals indicated the Prudence Nobles No. 366 chapter continued into the late 1990s. In time, however, the Prudence Nobles Chapter No. 366 chapter surrendered its charter, as did those at Middleville, Nashville, Orangeville, and Woodland. Members joined nearby lodges in other communities, including Bedford Lodge in Calhoun County. Only Hastings Chapter No. 7 remains in Barry County. At present (2020), there are approximately one hundred OES chapters in Michigan.112

Rockwell Adelbert LeRoy (1864-1950)

Though not nominated under National Register Criterion C, a discussion of the architect of the lodge building is warranted.

Hickory Lodge No. 345 was designed by Kalamazoo, Michigan, architect Rockwell A. LeRoy.113 LeRoy was born in 1864 in Oswego, New York. He moved with his parents, James and Sarah (Powers) to MichiganDRAFT while still an infant, but shortly thereafter moved again to Central City, Merrick County, Nebraska, where his father found work on a cattle ranch.114 The LeRoy family returned to Michigan about 1882, and settled near Coldwater, Branch County. James LeRoy, a carpenter before a cowboy, returned to building and was joined in that endeavor by Rockwell.

109 Charlotte O. Steger, A Brief History of the Order of the Eastern Star (Utica, NY: Eastern Star Dial, 1917), 51-52 110 Ibid. 111 William C. Hollands and Alloa C. Anderson, The Eastern Star in Michigan, 1855-1942. (Ann Arbor, MI: 1942), 98. 112 “List of Michigan Chapters,” Grand Chapter of Michigan, O.E.S. website, mioes.org/list-of-michigan-chapters/ 113 According to United States Census form, LeRoy was listed as Adelbert LeRoy in the 1870, 1880, and 1900 censuses. 114 “Rockwell A. LeRoy (1864-1950),” Kalamazoo Public Library. https://www.kpl.gov/local-history/kalamazoo- history/biographies/leroy-rockwell-a/

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In December 1885, Rockwell (Adelbert) married Ida Carlotta “Lottie” Conover. Lottie’s father, William Conover, had come to Branch County from Ohio in 1864.115

During the 1890s, on the recommendation from a friend he study architecture, LeRoy enrolled in a correspondence course. In 1901 LeRoy took charge of the construction of the Michigan Buggy Company building in Kalamazoo for Chicago architect Ashley W. Buckley. Late in that same year, Lottie LeRoy passed away, leaving Rockwell and their son LeVerne.

After the buggy company building was complete, LeRoy remained in Kalamazoo and established a practice there in 1904. In the intervening years, LeRoy worked for local developer and home builder Charles B. Hays.116 A 2017 article identified LeRoy as the developer of a number of houses on Bellevue Place in Kalamazoo, which were, according to City of Kalamazoo Historic Preservation Coordinator Sharon Ferraro, the first “rental spaces for students.”117 It is not clear if LeRoy developed these houses independently of Hays or if it was a joint project.

After 1904, it appears that LeRoy maintained a general architectural practice, and, over the next several decades, designed numerous buildings throughout West Michigan. His commissions included residences, theaters, banks, libraries, schools, and other buildings, including Hickory Lodge No. 345.

In 1923, LeRoy joined in partnership with Manuel M. Newlander under the firm LeRoy & Newlander. Newlander had worked for LeRoy and joined him in partnership at that time. The firm continued until LeRoy’s retirement in 1941. LeRoy remained in Kalamazoo until his death in 1950.

A complete accounting of LeRoy’s work has not yet been made, either in solo practice or with Newlander. However, the Kalamazoo Public Library has identified a number of buildings designed by either LeRoy or the firm of LeRoy & Newlander, and additional entries are found in period trade magazines and newspapers. A partial list of buildings appears in Appendix A, at the end of this nomination.

Among the fraternal buildingsDRAFT designed by LeRoy or LeRoy & Newlander are an Odd Fellows temple in Allegan, a “portion of the Elks Temple on South Street,” in Kalamazoo, and designed the Elks temple at 104 North 3rd Street in Niles,118 all in Michigan.

Among the notable works by the Leroy & Newlander firm is the United States Post Office and Courthouse at 410 West Michigan Avenue, in Kalamazoo. The firm worked with prominent

115 Henry P. Collin, A Twentieth Century History and Biographical Record of Branch County, Michigan, vol. 2 (New York & Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1906), 552. 116 “Rockwell A. LeRoy (1864-1950),” Kalamazoo Public Library. https://www.kpl.gov/local-history/kalamazoo- history/biographies/leroy-rockwell-a/ 117 Malachi Barrett, “Houses demolished near WMU but plans to raze several more scrapped,” mLive.com (May 12, 2017), https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2017/05/wmu_east_campus_demolition_kal.html 118 Robert O. Christensen, Niles Downtown Historic District, National Register of Historic Places, 2007.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State Detroit architect George D. Mason and Supervising Architect of the United States Treasury, Louis Simon, to design the building. This building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing resource to the Bronson Park Historic District (Ref. No. 83000855), and as an individual property (Ref. No. 100001930). The firm also designed an addition for Old Central High School 1923. The building was listed in the National Register in 1983 as part of the Vine Area Historic District (Ref. No. 83000875) and the Historic Resources of Kalamazoo, Michigan, Multiple Resource Area nomination (Ref. No. 83000866).

In 1936, “Kalamazoo’s ‘Home of Tomorrow,’” designed by LeRoy and Newlander, was featured in the American Builder “Guide to Better Homes.”119 The accompanying text noted the building was constructed of cinder blocks, reinforced concrete joists, and precast cement floor and roof slabs all constructed of Haydite, a product of the Kalamazoo Haydite Tile Company.120 Arguably more significantly than the materials is the architectural style in which the house is designed, as the “Home of Tomorrow” illustrates the influence of the Modern Movement. It is not known if this house is extant.

The November 30, 1935, issue of the Benton Harbor News-Palladium contained an article that discussed construction of an infirmary in Berrien County. The article noted that several local officials and Alexander LeRoy of the firm of LeRoy & Newlander met to review bids for the infirmary. However, no additional information regarding an Alexander LeRoy associated with an architectural could be found at present, and could have been misprinted.

Subsequent History and Conclusion

As a result of consolidation of Masonic lodges in Barry County, only two lodges and two lodge buildings remain in the county: Hastings No. 52 and Hickory No. 345. Hickory Lodge continues to be used as a Masonic meeting lodge by the same lodge, more than one hundred years after construction of the lodge building. The building has been and remains an important building in the social history of Hickory Corners. The building – and the lodge itself – contributes to the identity of the village, as the only early twentieth century brick building in the community, the other historical buildings are constructed of wood and reflect an earlier era in the development of the village. DRAFT At present there are seven properties in Barry County listed in the National Register of Historic Places (four of which are houses), and no properties that illustrate the social history of Barry County or its communities in general, and no properties that yet illustrate the “Golden Age of Fraternalism.” The several decades that constitute this “age” were an exceptionally important time in American social history. Many of the larger communities in Michigan constructed Masonic temples, some grander than others. Few communities as small in population as Hickory Corners could boast of Masonic lodge that has endured for 144 years, and even fewer with a Masonic lodge that has been continually used by the same lodge for 109 years. The Hickory Lodge No. 345 lodge building illustrates this special social significance.

119 “Guide to Better Homes,” American Builder (Chicago & New York: American Builder and Building Age, 62. 120 Ibid.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

______9. Major Bibliographical References

Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.)

Barry County Banner, various editions, 1856-present.

Bernard, Prosper G. Years Gone By. Bernard Historical Society, 1967.

Christensen, Robert O. Niles Downtown Historic District. National Register of Historic Places, 2007.

Collin, Henry P. A Twentieth Century History and Biographical Record of Branch County, Michigan, vol. 2 New York & Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1906.

Conover, Jefferson S. Free Masonry in Michigan: A Comprehensive History of Michigan Masonry, vol. 1. Coldwater, MI.: Conover Engraving and Printing Company, 1897.

Gould, Robert Freke. The History of Freemasonry, vol. IV. New York: John C. Yorston & Co., 1880.

Harwood, W. S. "Secret Societies in America." The North American Review 164, no. 486 (1897): 617-24. Accessed June 19, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/25118819.

Hickory Lodge Official Minutes, 1877-present

Meyer, B. H. “Fraternal Beneficiary Societies in the United States.” American Journal of Sociology 6, no. 5 (1901): 646-647.

Steger, Charlotte O. A Brief History of the Order of the Eastern Star. Utica, NY: Eastern Star Dial, 1917 DRAFT Stevens, Albert C. The Cyclopaedia of Fraternities. New York: Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, 1907.

Vondracek, Felix John. "The Rise of Fraternal Organizations in the United States, 1868- 1900." Social Science 47, no. 1 (1972): 26-33. Accessed June 19, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41959551.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

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______

Previous documentation on file (NPS):

____ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested ____ previously listed in the National Register ____ previously determined eligible by the National Register ____ designated a National Historic Landmark ____ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #______recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # ______recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ______

Primary location of additional data: ____ State Historic Preservation Office ____ Other State agency ____ Federal agency ____ Local government ____ University ____ Other Name of repository: ______

Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): ______

______10. Geographical Data

Acreage of Property _Less than one (.176) _

DRAFT Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates

Latitude/Longitude Coordinates Datum if other than WGS84: ______(enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) 1. Latitude: 42.441763 Longitude: -85.376749

2. Latitude: Longitude:

3. Latitude: Longitude:

4. Latitude: Longitude:

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

Or UTM References Datum (indicated on USGS map):

NAD 1927 or NAD 1983

1. Zone: Easting: Northing:

2. Zone: Easting: Northing:

3. Zone: Easting: Northing:

4. Zone: Easting: Northing:

Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.)

COM AT A PT IN CEN OF HWY 9 1/2 RDS W OF CEN SEC 28-1-9, TH W 3 1/2 RDS, TH N 10 RDS, TH E 3 1/2 RDS, TH S 10 RDS TOBEG. PAR.

Parcel Number: 03-028-092-00

Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.)

The boundary description and parcel number described in the Verbal Boundary Description are the legal description and parcel number provided by Barry County through its GIS website, and accessed on October 24, 2019. DRAFT ______11. Form Prepared By

name/title: _Eugene Newell, Committee Chairman______organization: _Hickory Lodge No. 345______street & number: _4558 West Hickory Road______city or town: _Hickory Corners_____ state: _Michigan___ zip code: _49060_____ e-mail: [email protected]______telephone: _(269) 350-1602______date: _December 29, 2020______

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State ______

Additional Documentation

Submit the following items with the completed form:

• Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.

• Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map.

• Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.)

Photographs Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph.

Photo Log

Name of Property: Hickory Lodge No. 345

City or Vicinity: Hickory Corners

County: Barry County DRAFT State: Michigan

Photographer:

Date Photographed:

Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera:

1 of ___.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State

Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for nominations to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for each response using this form is estimated to be between the Tier 1 and Tier 4 levels with the estimate of the time for each tier as follows:

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The above estimates include time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and preparing and transmitting nominations. Send comments regarding these estimates or any other aspect of the requirement(s) to the Service Information Collection Clearance Officer, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive Fort Collins, CO 80525.

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Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State Appendix A

A partial list of buildings designed by Rockwell A. LeRoy and LeRoy and Newlander, 1908-1939

City County Building Architect Date Grand Rapids Kent Theater LeRoy, R. A. 1908 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Fuller Theater LeRoy, R. A. 1909 Sturgis Saint Joseph Residence LeRoy, R. A. 1910 Sturgis Saint Joseph Residence LeRoy, R. A. 1910 Sturgis Saint Joseph Business Building LeRoy, R. A. 1910 Hickory Corners Barry Hickory Lodge No. 345 LeRoy, R. A. 1912 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo R. C. Light House LeRoy, R. A. 1913 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Business Building LeRoy, R. A. 1913 Watervliet Berrien Paper Mill & Stock Room LeRoy, R. A. 1913 Watervliet Berrien Bank & Office LeRoy, R. A. 1913 Hastings Barry School LeRoy, R. A. 1915 Albion Calhoun Library LeRoy, R. A. 1918 Albion Calhoun Commercial & Savings Bank LeRoy, R. A. 1919 Howell Livingston High School LeRoy, R. A. 1919 Decatur Van Buren High School LeRoy, R. A. 1919 Milwood Park Kalamazoo Grade & High School LeRoy, R. A. 1921 Union City Branch & Calhoun Union City National Bank LeRoy, R. A. 1921 Yorkville Kalamazoo Grade School LeRoy, R. A. 1921 South Haven Van Buren Armory LeRoy, R. A. 1922 Saint Johns Clinton High School LeRoy, R. A. 1922 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo High School Addition LeRoy, R. A. 1922 Coldwater Branch DRAFTHigh School LeRoy, R. A. 1922 Lapeer Lapeer High School LeRoy, R. A. 1922 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Theater LeRoy, R. A. unknown Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Factory LeRoy, R. A. unknown Marshall Calhoun High School Addition LeRoy & Newlander 1923 Paw Paw Van Buren Paw Paw Savings Bank LeRoy & Newlander 1925 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Saint Augustine High School LeRoy & Newlander 1925 Niles Berrien & Cass Elks Temple LeRoy & Newlander 1928 Trenton Wayne Grade School & Natatorium LeRoy & Newlander 1929 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Jail & County Building LeRoy & Newlander 1931 Watervliet Berrien City Hall & Fire Station LeRoy & Newlander 1931

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Hickory Lodge No. 345 Barry County, MI Name of Property County and State Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Stove Co. LeRoy & Newlander 1935 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Home of Tomorrow LeRoy & Newlander 1936 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Dickens Freight Co. LeRoy & Newlander 1936 Kalamazoo Kalamazoo E. H. Graf Freight House LeRoy & Newlander 1939

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