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2 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 3 AMERICAN SUBMARINER THE The Official Magazine of the United States Submarine Veterans Inc. is published quarterly VIEW FROM THE BRIDGE by USSVI. United States Submarine Veterans Inc. is a nonprofit 501(c)(19) corporation in the State Wayne Standerfer of Connecticut. Contents National Commander NATIONAL OFFICE Fred Borgmann POB 3870 Silverdale, WA 98383 (877) 542-DIVE 8 USSVI Charitable Foundation Quarterly Report USSVI COMMITTEES Boat Model Giveaway Winner Announced Shipmates, MEMBERSHIP Anyone of us that has been a member of USSVI for any length of time recognizes Steve Bell, NJVC 11 USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-795): that our bases are where almost everything in USSVI starts, stalls or stops. The base (704) 824-3510 Report From the Commissioning Committee commanders and the officers that report to them are the ones that have a finger on [email protected] NATIONAL EDITOR the pulse of our members’ likes and (even more importantly) their dislikes. This reali- WAYS & MEANS T Michael Bircumshaw 12 AmazonSmile—A simple way to support the USSVI Charitable Foundation zation prompted me to announce during our 2019 National Convention in Austin that Jon Jaques, NSVC POB 892616 whenever you shop on Amazon… I would be giving each of our base commanders an opportunity to talk directly with [email protected] Temecula, CA 92589-2616 me sometime during the year 2020. To follow through with this (615) 893-7800 [email protected] From the Submarine Library commitment, between February 6 and April 24 of this year, I scheduled and conducted (951) 775-4549 CONSTITUTION & BYLAWS individual teleconferences with the base commanders for each of our 24 districts. Skip Turnbull TREASURER 13 The Japanese Submarine Force and the Legacy of Strategic and NJVC Steve Bell was also present for all 24 conferences to help address any (Parliamentarian) Paul Hiser Operational Doctrine Developed Between the World Wars questions that pertained to his areas of responsibility. (217) 487-7710 [email protected] (910) 691-5778 As with any scheduled event involving volunteers, we had our share of no-shows, [email protected] 17 MK 48 Heavyweight Torpedo but roughly 80 percent of our bases participated, and overall, it was very well AWARDS Harold W. (Bill) Scott II DISTRIBUTION received by those that did. These phone conferences allowed me to talk directly with each base’s leadership, rather than forwarding an email down through the chain of (512) 826-8876 Neal Britner 19 Base Activities Around the Country [email protected] (315) 409-8476 Albany-Saratoga Base SubVet Salutes the Air Force command and introducing the possibility of losing or misinterpreting information. In addition to having open-floor sessions that allowed any questions or comments NATIONAL CONVENTION [email protected] Keystone Base Members Adapt to COVID-19 Pandemic (both positive and negative) to be discussed, I was able to offer some clarification Richard (Ozzie) Osentoski BOAT SPONSORSHIP CHAIR Blueback Base Hosts Virtual Tolling the Boats Ceremony (734) 671-3439 Jack Messersmith as to why compliance with some of the operational reports and requests that are (928) 227-7753 The Ears Have It! sent to the bases is so essential. EAGLE SCOUT PROGRAM [email protected] David Farran 2020 National Convention: (318) 352-1015 PROOF TEAM 20 Return to Squadron 11 None of you could be any more disappointed than I am that we had to reschedule [email protected] our 2020 National Convention. Like many of you, I was anxiously awaiting August Bill Andrea BOAT SPONSORSHIP and our planned gathering in Arizona. But for reasons out of our control, we will have Neal Britner 22 Henry Breault TM2(SS)—Medal of Honor Submariner Jack Messersmith John Mansfield to wait until 2023 to enjoy the fruits of our Tucson and Perch Base shipmates’ labor. (928) 227-7753 Joan Miner 23 The Type VIIC U-Boat They have been working extremely hard to assure that all of us enjoy a great [email protected] convention, and I know that we will, just a bit later than initially planned. STAFF ARTIST BOARD OF INQUIRY Tom Denton 28 Thank You Members and Bases Upcoming Conventions — Dates to be announced: Chairman (301) 845-0049 2021 Orlando, Florida 2022 Buffalo, New York 2023 Tucson, Arizona Ross Sargent (JA) [email protected] I continue to receive calls asking what COVID-19 guidelines should be used for (703) 629-1119 31 2020 Election Ballot Members WWII SUBVET HISTORIAN our members’ social gatherings (base meetings, ceremonies, etc.). In response, I will repeat what I posted as a bulletin previously, which was that in light of the frequently Dutch Holland Jack Jeffries 32 Candidate Statements Herbert Orth (704) 254-2423 changing guidelines that may vary widely from one area to another, USSVI National’s Bill Windle [email protected] recommendation is to do what you feel is necessary to protect the health of yourself, 34 Proposed Bylaws Amendments your family, and friends. Of course, also stay within a goal has been and will remain HISTORIAN Peter J. Koester that all of us emerge from this pandemic in the same or better health than we were (978) 500-5085 AMERICAN SUBMARINER DEADLINES several months ago when it began. First Quarter December 1 STOREKEEPER Second Quarter March 1 All my best, hold your family and friends close, and please take care, Barry Commons Third Quarter June 1 Wayne Standerfer (925) 679-1744 Fourth Quarter September 1 [email protected] National Commander The American Submariner is not responsible for the In Every Issue HOLLAND CLUB claims of its advertisers. The primary focus of this Bud Atkins publication is for the benefit and service to USSVI 5 The View From the Bridge 10 Mail Buoy (860) 440-3120 members. Issues concerning Advertisers may USSVI Committees [email protected] be sent to the editorial staff for mediation. 18 Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) On the Cover The Ohio-class fleet guided-missile submarine USS Florida (SSGN-728) transits KAP(SS) 4 KID(SS) The American Submariner is copyrighted under 6 Regional and District 36 Lost Boats the laws of the United States of America. Any re- Representatives the Mediterranean Sea, August 27, 2019. Florida, the third of four SSGN plat- John Riley 40 New Members forms, is capable of conducting clandestine strike operations, joint special (203) 668-9131 production in any form without the written consent 7 From the Wardroom of the editor is forbidden by law. All authorized 42 Upcoming Boat Reunions operation forces operations, battle space preparation and information opera- [email protected] reproduction requires acknowledgement of source, 8 Chaplain’s Corner tions, SSGN/SSN consort operations, carrier and expeditionary strike group op- VETERANS AFFAIRS author, and the American Submariner. 44 Eternal Patrol erations, battle management and experimentation of future submarine payloads. 9 National Officers John Dudas Printed and mailed by Southwest Offset Printing, (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Jonathan Nelson) (928) 420-0061 Gardena, CA [email protected]

4 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 5 REGIONAL and DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE WARDROOM

REGIONAL DIRECTORS Jon Jaques Medal of Honor National Senior Vice Commander

Shipmates, SubmarinerS 2020 has proven to be a challenging year for all of us. I hope you and your families are staying well and safe. I am encouraged by the stories of shipmates checking on the well-being Western Region Director Central Region Director Northeast Region Director Southeast Region Director of their fellow shipmates and offering assistance where needed. One of the JIM DENZIEN WYVEL “TOM” WILLIAMS III LES ALTSCHULER KENNETH W. NICHOLS primary functions of individual bases around the country is to provide support (623) 547-7945 (512) 632-9439 (609) 395-8197 (352) 465-7732 and resources for shipmates in need. We saw this during the last hurricane and [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] flood, and now during the pandemic. I want to give a shout-out to those in our organization who have reached out with offers of help! You are heroes. As you know, the pandemic caused the cancellation of the 2020 convention and many boat reunions. We appreciate your understanding and support for this decision. Remember to vote in our election, and be safe. Jon DISTRICT COMMANDERS WESTERN DISTRICT ONE CENTRAL DISTRICT ONE NORTHEAST DISTRICT ONE SOUTHEAST DISTRICT ONE (AZ, NM) (AR, KS, MO, OK) (New England) (VA, NC) Steve Bell VIC VAN HORN EDMOND L. IRWIN JEFFREY R. WALSH DAVE CAMPBELL National Junior Vice Commander (708) 609-9840 (573) 230-7120 (860) 449-2103 (919) 803-1842 Henry Breault TM2(SS) CAPT John P. Cromwell [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] USS O-5 (SS-66) USS Sculpin (SS-191) 1923 1943 Shipmates, WESTERN DISTRICT TWO CENTRAL DISTRICT TWO NORTHEAST DISTRICT TWO SOUTHEAST DISTRICT TWO (CO, UT) (WI, IL) (Lower NY, NJ, Philadelphia) (SC,GA) MAL—Members at Large. We presently have approximately BRIAN E. BELL STEPHEN A. THOMPSON MICHAEL E. BOST WAYNE PHILLIPS 2400 MAL’s. That equates to about 20 percent of our (719) 406-5992 (262) 605-8912 (732) 979-4831 (803) 302-8877 membership. The primary means of communication to these members is via [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] the American Submariner. I ask all MAL’s to check their profile on the USSVI website by logging on and WESTERN DISTRICT THREE CENTRAL DISTRICT THREE NORTHEAST DISTRICT THREE SOUTHEAST DISTRICT THREE clicking the “My Profile” button at the top left of the page. Verify that your (ID, MT, WY) (MN, ND, SD, NE, IA) (Pennsylvania) (FL Panhandle, AL, MS, LA) information is complete and accurate and update it if necessary. It is not JOE TARCZA DANIEL ANDERSON HUBERT C. DIETRICH STEVEN WALMSLEY difficult and it will assist us in the upcoming transition to our new website. Your (509) 627-2168 (507) 372-2170 (412) 486-2635 (228) 324-4309 contact information is important in case we need to get in touch with you for [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] CDR Samuel David Dealey CDR Eugene B. Fluckey some reason. Equally important is your service information. Many members USS Harder (SS-257) USS Barb (SS-220) WESTERN DISTRICT FOUR CENTRAL DISTRICT FOUR NORTHEAST DISTRICT FOUR SOUTHEAST DISTRICT FOUR have that messed up (and that is being kind). We apparently have some unusually 1944 1945 (WA, OR, AK) (Texas) (MD, DE, Northern VA) (Northern Florida) smart submariners in our organization because their profile shows them JIM DEMOTT HAROLD (BILL) SCOTT ART GLOVER JAY MACK qualified in submarines before they ever entered the Navy. So please, check (360) 895-0547 (512) 826-8876 (301) 785-6414 (407) 920-9347 your information and make sure it is complete and up-to-date. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] I know that some MAL’s live so far away from a base that joining is not practical. Some have mobility issues that make attending meetings difficult. WESTERN DISTRICT FIVE CENTRAL DISTRICT FIVE NORTHEAST DISTRICT FIVE SOUTHEAST DISTRICT FIVE (Northern CA, NV) (KY, TN) (Upstate New York) (Southern Florida) Others have some unique situation that prevents their participation. These situations are understandable. However, I urge anyone who lives within PETER (PETE) T. JUHOS MARLIN HELMS, JR. JAMES IRWIN JOHN TROIA (916) 983-7943 (865) 387-5625 (518) 383-2481 (239) 980-0846 reasonable proximity to a base to consider joining it. Base members share in [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] the fellowship and are kept informed on all happenings—within the base and the national organization as well. Simply go to the USSVI website, click “Find a CDR Howard W. Gilmore CDR Richard H. O’Kane WESTERN DISTRICT SIX CENTRAL DISTRICT SIX Base” and click on your state to see a list of all bases in your state. If you live USS Growler (SS-215) USS Tang (SS-306) (Southern CA, NV and HI) (IN, MI, OH) close to a state border, consider any nearby bases in the state you border on. 1943 1944 MICHAEL (WILLIE) WILLIAMSON FREDRICK KINZEL And when you join, consider becoming actively involved in base activties. (909) 754-0326 (586) 945-8561 The current coronavirus pandemic makes base events and other activities [email protected] [email protected] within the organization difficult. Many bases are finding innovative ways for WESTERN DISTRICT SEVEN their members to get together, including virtual meetings which offer a way for (WY, MT, Western SD, NE) bases to connect with their shipmates over the internet. RON MARTINI USSVI PURPOSE Again, for our MAL members, please ensure that your online information (307) 678-9847 “To Perpetuate the memory of our shipmates who gave their lives in the pursuit of their duties is complete and correct. Check out the bases nearest to you and consider [email protected] while serving their country. That their dedication, deeds and supreme sacrifice be a constant joining. For the camaraderie we shared on the boats to continue within our organization we need your participation. WESTERN DISTRICT EIGHT source of motivation toward greater accomplishments. Pledge loyalty and patriotism to I ask all our members to stay safe and follow the recommended health (ID, UT) the United States of America and its Constitution.” CDR Lawson P. Ramage CDR George L. Street III ROBERT MORGAN guidelines for your locale. As I said earlier, we will get through this. USS Parche (SS-384) USS Tirante (SS-420) 1944 1945 (208) 317-7152 Steve [email protected]

6 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 7 CHAPLAIN'S CORNER UNITED STATES SUBMARINE VETERANS, INC. NATIONAL OFFICERS Carl Stigers National Chaplain

USSV Charitable Foundation Quarterly Report Greetings to all my fellow USSVI shipmates, spouses, and What a quarter we have had! All of us are living through another associate members. significant global historical event. Many bases have polled their Today is a day of reflection as it is Memorial Day. This day we members and we have not heard of any of our shipmates incurring Wayne Standerfer Jon Jaques Steve Bell remember the nation’s fallen warriors from all services. However, the coronavirus. Let us hope and pray that we all continue to stay National Commander National Sr. Vice Commander National Jr. Vice Commander as submariners, we have a greater bond with our Brothers of the safe. Do not forget that your Charitable Foundation’s Brotherhood (972) 298-8139 (615) 893-7800 (704) 824-3510 [email protected] [email protected] Fin who have been lost in the service of our country. Most of us Fund stands ready to step in to support any USSVI member [email protected] remember the loss of Thresher and Scorpion. Our collective who needs financial assistance associated with the COVID-19 memory is not unlike WWII SubVets, and many of us have lost pandemic, either due to you or a family member contracting friends while on our boats. the virus. We, along with your base, can help to make a difference. There were two Gold Crew members lost in a topside accident At the end of March 2020, we saw a significant dip in our total on USS George C. Marshall when I first reported aboard. Going assets as a direct result of the stock market’s significant drop. topside for the trip home, a crane operator used a red-tagged At the end of April, we experienced a rebound with some recovery. crane and moved a load of scaffolding over topside. The load Not a full recovery, but enough to give us some sense that this came loose and dropped, killing one man instantly. The other later will not be a complete financial disaster. Total assets held in the died at the hospital if memory serves me correctly. I was the duty eight funds of the Charitable Foundation were above one million driver assigned to pick up the CO on his return to the States. dollars at the end of April 2020. It was a very somber ride back to Groton. Once again, we extend our sincere thank you to Frank and Ray Wewers Paul Hiser John Markiewicz James E. DeMott National Secretary National Treasurer Immediate Past Commander District Commander of the Year In the last 11 years, I have conducted many funerals for veterans, Charles Hood for their generous donation of $2,640 in April. (479) 967-5541 (910) 691-5778 (904) 743-2924 (360) 895-0547 and many were from the Requin Base. These were friends and This brings their total book contributions to the USSV Charitable [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] acquaintances. So today is a day when we remember the loss of Foundation to more than $26,000! our shipmates and past sacrifices of lives lost in combat in the We also recognize Huey Dietrich and the Requin Base of service of our great country. Today, I will spend a respectful time Baden, Pennsylvania. In April, Requin Base donated $3,300 to of remembrance and perhaps a toast to their honor and dedication. the USSVI Charitable Foundation, representing $1,780 from 178 I know in my heart that all of us prepared to sacrifice ourselves for of their primary members and $1,520 from the base. Well done our shipmates, our ships, and our country; that being a principle Huey and well done Requin Base members! Requin Base is we all served. the first of our 165 bases, to reach the proposed $1515.00 base We are experiencing a significant change in our country with target to fulfill the needs for the current Charitable Foundation the Covid-19 virus pandemic. Things are profoundly disrupted. fundraising campaign. Requin Base has officially launched the I suggest that all bases consider holding a Zoom meeting to “Year of Giving” fundraising campaign. Who is next to step up conduct memorial services for those on Eternal Patrol and invite with at least 20 percent of their base primary members donating the families of our brothers to attend, allowing the families to to the Charitable Foundation? What other bases can meet the know that we have not forgotten them in this difficult time. $1515.00 base donation target? Please pray for our brothers and sisters deployed in harm’s Visit ussvcf.org to make your donation. way and for all service members deployed overseas in combat or I am always open to any questions or suggestions. support areas. Pray for our country and leadership. Please know Fraternally, that I lift all of you in prayer every day. Ken Earls In His Service, CF Treasurer Carl [email protected] Carl Stigers [email protected] (412) 995-8028 If you call, please leave a voicemail.

Boat Model Giveaway Winner Announced Congratulations to Charles Hood of Marblehead Base, the winner of USSVI’s third quarter Boat Sponsorship Program model giveaway drawing. Members and bases are automatically entered into the quarterly drawing when they participate in the Boat Sponsorship Program by sponsoring one or more submarines or organizations. The winner receives a $500 credit toward a beautifully detailed submarine replica produced by Mel Douyette of Cold War Submarines.

8 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 9 USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-795): Report From the Commissioning Committee As readers of American Submariner know, a new Virginia-class boat named in honor of You have the Midwatch! the “Father of the Nuclear Navy,” the legendary Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, is under con- struction at General Dynamics/Electric Boat in Groton, Connecticut, with commissioning an- ticipated in late 2021. had at the time. Among the new equipment I was most happy to read much about his As an added note, I was at NPTU, Arco, The Hyman G. Rickover Commissioning Committee (HGRCC) appreciates this opportuni- was a new bow-mounted sonar dome and life before and after he left Nautilus. There Idaho at that same time, with orders to ty to share with you a report on our work to support the commissioning of this mighty warship and to invite you to become involved in our efforts. The Virginia-class USS Rickover (SSN- mid-ships torpedo tubes along with new was so much I never knew about him, and Thresher along with Lt. Cmdr. Dean Axene, 795) is the second submarine to bear Adm. Rickover’s name; the first, a Los Angeles-class when I made Ensign and the saintly old communications gear that was going to be the article just confirmed my impressions of boat (SSN-709), was commissioned in July 1984 and decommissioned in December 2006. put only on 593-class boats. Our skipper him during my experience with him. gentleman (Adm, Rickover) threw me out of The HGRCC is headquartered at the Union League Club of Chicago (ULCC) under the was Cmdr.Harvey Lyons, and our weapons I also lost another former shipmate on His program. Armed Forces Council of Chicago, a 501(c)(3) non-profit established by the ULCC to honor officer was Lieutenant Frank Kelso (who later Thresher (SSN-593), John Smarz Jr., then James W. Gibson, Lt. Cmdr., USN, Retired and support our Armed Forces. Founded in 1879, the ULCC is a descendant of the Civil War became CNO). an ET2. Another former shipmate, Raymond era “Union Leagues of America” movement that arose to help President Lincoln defend the Dear Michael, When notified Thresher had sunk, two of A. McCoole, ICC, did not make the trip on Gentlemen: Union and from which the Club’s name is derived. That is why, for the past 141 years, the I am a member of the board of the PQT my shipmates disqualified themselves, stat- Thresher that day and was the only crew I just wanted to acknowledge the receipt ULCC has proudly supported America’s military as the nation’s only private club dedicated Veterans Association, representing three Key ing that the incident was too close, and they member to survive. Other former Nautilus of my Holland Club package! The certifi- to honoring those who serve. West boats, USS Picuda, USS Quillback, didn’t want to serve on the boats anymore. sailors that I did not know were also lost cates, challenge coin, patch, and member- Located just a few miles south of Naval Station Great Lakes (aka the “Quarterdeck of the and USS Trutta, all members of Submarine Very soon after the sinking, we were on 593. ship card are of excellent quality, and I will Navy”), the ULCC previously led the successful commissioning of two other Navy subma- rines. The commissioning committees for the Los Angeles-class USS Chicago (SSN-721) Squadron 12. ordered back in dry dock, and every sil- When I heard the news on the April 10, 1963, cherish them forever! I also wish to thank and, more recently, the Virginia-class USS Illinois (SSN-786), were both established at the Our association puts on a reunion every ver-brazed, weld and hull opening was it immediately brought me back to my 21st all of you who are involved in running this ULCC. After those vessels entered the fleet, the club created civilian organizations—the “721 18-24 months. Our membership is shrinking checked, rechecked, and x-rayed. birthday on Nautilus when we, too, suffered exceptionally well-coordinated organization, every year. The last of the Squadron 12 boats for YOUR extreme dedication and attention Club” and the “786 Club,” respectively—to provide ongoing support for the crews and fam- This delay allowed us to get the (new) a flooding casualty in the engine room when ilies of SSN 721 and SSN 786. were decommissioned, then scrapped or to detail! SUBSAFE blow and go system, putting 4500 a 4-inch sea suction coupling parted, and we Given this experience, the ULCC was honored when the Navy reached out to ask if it transferred to other world navies by late psi air directly to the ballast tanks, bypassing took on a lot of water. The reactor scrammed, Thank you for ALL that you do! would stand up and sponsor the Commissioning Committee for SSN-795. It’s also fitting 1972, making an increase in our PQT orga- the 3000 psi air system. I think that we were we blew all main ballast tanks and assumed Sincerely, that our commissioning committee is located in Chicago, where Adm. Rickover grew up and nization nearly impossible. the first boat to receive that system. It was a huge up-angle (we had the old 3000 lb. John Davenport III, former ST1(SS) attended Chicago Public Schools (CPS). That’s why one of CPS’ JROTC high schools, the We have formed the “Squadron 12 Vet- later installed on all boats except for Scor- blow system). It was a ‘dicey’ time, but USS Narwhal (SSN-671) 1969-1973 Hyman G. Rickover Naval Academy, is named for him. erans Association” and are inviting all Key pion, which never underwent the SUBSAFE thanks to those on watch in the engine and Dear John, Since its formation, the HGRCC has been working hard to fulfill the mission of commis- West boats to join our group. sioning SSN-795. In this task we are fortunate to have experienced and dedicated leaders program. maneuvering rooms, Richard Bearden, Rob- Welcome to the Club. who’ve come forward to serve on the HGRCC. These include our Chairman, Bill Nissen, a Any Squadron 12 boat reunion or ship- I proudly sailed on Pollack until August ert Albright who secured the flooding, Frank Best, Navy veteran who served aboard destroyers during the Vietnam War; former submariner mate is invited to join by contacting me at 1967. I was the last plankowner to leave her. Holland, Ed Dunn and Lieutenant Donald [email protected], or call (805) 581-4419, Michael HC ’62 Capt. Leonard Wass, USN, Retired, who chaired the Commissioning Committee for the USS As a side note, I was married on April Hall, who recovered and made one of those and leave a message. Illinois; and Naval Submarine League President, Vice Admiral John Donnelly, USN, Retired, 20, 1963, ten days after Thresher went fantastic emergency surfaces with the boat Michael, We have had many great reunions and among many others. down, and the whole Pollack crew went to broaching like a whale. It was interesting to read the letters about hope to continue with the addition of any We’re also delighted that among our Honorary Committee Members are Illinois U.S. Sena- my wedding since I was the first of the new After I read about the freezing of the subs losing AC. I didn't realize it was that tor Tammy Duckworth; Piotr Janicki, Consul General of the Republic of Poland (in recognition Squadron 12 boat or shipmate who would crew to get married. high-pressure air in the blow valves, I real- common. I was on the John Adams Gold of Adm. Rickover’s Polish heritage); and Mrs. Hyman G. Rickover. like to attend. Our next scheduled reunion is ized that perhaps ‘There but for the grace crew from 1966-68 (I assume you were on Of course, the primary task of any commissioning committee is raising funds to support August 17-20, 2020 in Memphis, depending Bill Lenover RMCS(SS), USN, Retired of God went we.’ It was then, and is now, a the Blue). the tasks for which it is responsible, including Christening and Commissioning ceremonies, on the health situation. Dear Bill, sobering thought. In 1968, near the end of one of our patrols gifts for the crew, and items for the submarine that the Navy does not provide such as bunk There are many of us with Thresher- Most Respectfully, I’ve never forgotten all those Thresher sailors in the Med, we lost the lithium bromide unit. curtains, etc. The HGRCC is now fully engaged in this effort, one in which we hope that you related stories. I have shared mine in Bill Moak, PQT board member and especially the ones I knew and served It’s been too long to remember all the details, will become involved. previous editions of American Submari- As a first step, please visit, “like” and follow the HGRCC’s Facebook page ( EM2(SS), USS Trutta SS-421, 1966-1970 with aboard Nautilus. but some things stand out. I was a nuke MM https://www. ner and shall spare all from a repeat. But standing either ULER or ERS watches. We facebook.com/ussrickover/) to connect with us and to stay informed of the latest information Dear Editor, John C. Yuill QMSN(SS) about the commissioning of SSN-795 and progress on her construction. We also invite you April 10 is forever a sad day for me. I lost were standing two on, four off because it Just read the Thresher article and wanted Nautilus (SSN-571)1957-1960 to visit our website ( ) for more information and to sign up for our email two shipmates with whom I had served, was 130 degrees between the main engines. www.ussrickover.org to tell you one about Thresher that few know. list. We welcome your involvement and input! In particular, it would be wonderful to connect one of which had to be on an East Coast Dear John, Our backup units were two R11 plants that I was an RM1(SS) assigned to the pre- with those who served aboard SSN-709, the Los Angeles-class predecessor of SSN-795. boat and left me with no choice but to go Thanks for sharing. struggled to keep up with the heat. Because com detail on USS Pollack (SSN-603). Pol- And, of course, we would deeply appreciate any donations you may wish to offer to sup- to a West Coast vessel, the 588. At the Best, Michael it was too hot to make water, water rations lack was the second of the 593-class built port the commissioning of the USS Hyman G. Rickover, which can be made on our Facebook time, I had no interest in going East again were in place and the uniform of the day in Camden, New Jersey. Michael, page and website via the online donation buttons found there. Contributions may also be in any case. was t-shirts, cut off white trousers, and made by check payable to “Hyman G. Rickover Commissioning Committee” and mailed to In late May 1963, ten of Pollack’s crew What a tremendous issue (2nd quarter Best, Michael flip-flops. us at USS Hyman Rickover Commissioning Committee, c/o Union League Club of Chicago, were told they would be riding Thresher on 2020) of American Submariner. It seems to Dennis Brake MM1(SS) 65 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604. sea trials in early April. We were to fly to Michael, get better and more informative with each The HGRCC sends best wishes to all members of the U.S. Submarine Veterans and our Portsmouth, spend Sunday on the base, and I was so gratified to read the story of printing. Dennis, thanks for your service to our nation! We hope to hear from you and to have you become part ride her for three to five days on sea trials. On Wes Harvey in the 2020 2nd quarter issue The article on Wes Harvey allowed the Sorry, but I do not recall which crew I was of this historic commissioning effort. If you have questions or seek more information, please Saturday, we were informed that we would of American Submariner. I was privileged reader to follow his life and career without on as I reported aboard just in time to make contact us via our online sites or by sending an email to [email protected]. not be going as there were too many yard to serve with him when he was a lieutenant being too personal to his private life. The the final patrol for our crew, out of Rota, For now, we wish you fair winds and following seas—and our hope that you and your personnel going, and there wasn't enough on Nautilus (SSN-571), and for all his time “epilogue” while closing the article, as it and the boat then went to the yards families remain safe and well during the current Coronavirus crisis. room for us. in that boat. He was, as the article stated, should, it kept the story very private and so in Bremerton. I relieved QMCM (SS) (Editor’s note: this article was first published in the Naval Submarine League’s Thresher was a brand new class of boat an outstanding officer, and I always looked appropriate during this present very troubled Otarzewski as COB soon after getting to The Submarine Review and we gratefully acknowledge the NSL’s permission to republish with equipment on her that no other boat forward to standing watches with him. Easter season. Washington. the article)

10 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 11 A simple way to support the USSVI Charitable Foundation whenever you shop on Amazon… The Japanese Submarine Force

AmazonSmile is a simple way for you to support the USSVI You use the same account on Amazon.com and AmazonSmile. and the Legacy of Strategic and Charitable Foundation every time you shop, at no cost to you. Your shopping cart, Wish List, wedding or baby registry, and AmazonSmile is available at smile.amazon.com on your web other account settings are also the same. browser and can be activated in the Amazon Shopping app for On your first visit to smile.amazon.com, you need to select the Operational Doctrine Developed iOS and Android phones. USSVI Charitable Foundation to receive donations from eligible When you shop at AmazonSmile, you’ll find the exact same low purchases before you begin shopping. Amazon will remember prices, vast selection and convenient shopping experience as your selection, and then every eligible purchase you make through Between the World Wars Amazon.com, with the added benefit that AmazonSmile will AmazonSmile will result in a donation. donate 0.5% of your eligible purchases to the charitable foundation. Over the past four years, the charitable foundation has received by Carl Boyd You will see eligible products marked “Eligible for AmazonSmile more than $500 per year as a result of purchases made through donation” on their product detail pages. AmazonSmile, making this is a valuable source of funds. All mem- Reprinted from Selected Papers from The Citadel Conference on War and Diplomacy, 1978, with permission of The Citadel Foundation To shop at AmazonSmile simply go to smile.amazon.com on bers are encouraged to enroll in and use AmazonSmile. your web browser or activate your iOS or Android phone (found Signing up is easy! under settings on your app). On your browser, you may also want Here’s how to shop AmazonSmile: ew accounts of the extraordinary wartime feats of German across the Pacific or Indian Oceans without any means of support. to add a bookmark to smile.amazon.com to make it even easier 1. Visit smile.amazon.com or American submarines continue to attract audiences, The Japanese navy concentrated on the construction of to return and start your shopping at AmazonSmile. When you’re 2. Sign in with your Amazon.com credentials though we have long had detailed studies of their operations ocean-going submarines. During the four years before I-1 was using the app, always check for the “AmazonSmile” logo to N 1 3. Choose US Submarine Veterans, Inc. Charitable Foundation and of the vast destruction to their enemies. But the less launched in 1924, twenty-nine coastal defense submarines were ensure you’re activated for AmazonSmile. to receive donations impressive record of Japan’s submarine force in the Second World built. During the remainder of the decade, however, only four AmazonSmile customers on Android devices with version 5.0+ 4. Select your charity War is not so familiar or thoroughly documented. In postwar coastal boats were launched while nineteen I-boats followed I-1. or iOS devices with version 12+, who have upgraded to the latest 4. Start shopping! interrogations Japanese naval officers claimed that their submarines Emphasis on the construction of large submarines continued version of the Amazon Shopping app can find “AmazonSmile” 5. Add a bookmark for smile.amazon.com to make it even were relatively ineffective because they sought chiefly warship during the next decade when twenty-seven I-boats were built and listed in the Settings menu. From there, you can follow onboarding easier to return and start your shopping at AmazonSmile targets rather than merchant ships. Still very obscure, however, are only two of an RO-class. instructions to activate AmazonSmile on your device. the underlying explanations for the way Japanese submarines were Conceived from a capital ship perspective, the design of Shop with the amazon.com app employed and, in particular, for their failure to wage unrestricted submarines and their strategic and operational doctrine continued submarine warfare against vulnerable Allied supply lines. to be decided and justified in terms of the requirements of the From The Though during interwar years prevailing doctrine in most battle fleet. Submarines were organized into the Sixth Fleet as navies regarded submarines as auxiliaries of their battle fleets, an integral part of the Combined Fleet, and their function was to the Japanese believed it was necessary to emphasize such a role operate against enemy warships; attacks on shipping were to be SUBMARINE for their submarine force. For the importance of submarines in embarked upon only if military conditions permitted.3 By the the Japanese navy increased dramatically after the conclusion of time of the Pearl Harbor attack the vast majority of Japanese LIBRARY the Washington conference on arms limitations in 1922. Japan’s submarines were the newer ocean-going types, with surface Reviewed by T Michael Bircumshaw capital ship ratio of three to the American five would result in the displacements upwards to 2,500 tons, great operational ranges Japanese navy being decidedly inferior if attacked by the whole at remarkably high speeds (sixteen knots), and top speeds of THE PIG IN PEACE weight of the United States Navy. A new fleet of fast and large twenty-three knots. Thus I-boats inevitably acquired many of the oceangoing submarines used as a powerful arm of the battle fleet characteristics of surface units of the Combined Fleet—maximal This is one of those rare books that tell it like it was. would help to redress the balance. speed, patrol endurance, range, and armament. But these large Wayne Thomas Nelson was a relatively naive 19-year-old With no limits placed on submarines at Washington, the submarines had lengthy diving times and limited submerged when he joined the US Navy in 1966. Following boot camp and Japanese soon started an extensive building program. They maneuverability, features which would make them more vulnerable submarine school, he reported aboard USS Medregal (SS-480) brought to Japan under five-year contract hundreds of German to enemy air and surface anti-submarine attacks. on February 17, 1967 in Pearl Harbor. He departed as a much submarine designers, technicians, and former U-boat officers. In the first six months of the Pacific War Japanese submarines less naive 20-year-old EN2(SS) on July 3, 1970. Within the first After testing and carefully studying seven U-boats received as were not as effective against the American fleet as anticipated in 198 pages are his experiences with friends, loves, winnings and German reparations in 1919, the Japanese launched I-1 in 1924, prewar planning. Indeed, Vice Admiral Shigeru Fukudome, who losses. The story is told in a sometimes raw, but always honest, the first of a new class of large cruiser diesel submarines.2 played a major role in drafting plans for the attack on Pearl Harbor, sincere, and amazingly sensitive way that will hold your attention Compared with Japan’s standard RO-classes of submarines “expected that more damage would be inflicted by submarine as you relive his life for those three and a half years of the Vietnam intended for coastal defense, the new I-class submarines had attacks…than by the air attacks…”4 But no damage to American era. I think that you will be pleasantly surprised with the overall over twice the displacement and operational range as well as warships was caused by the some twenty I-boats and five midget book. I know that I was. a speed advantage of two to five knots. The new submarines submarines deployed in Hawaiian waters. And at Midway in A personalized copy may be purchased by contacting the were designed to assist the battle fleet; they were fast enough to June 1942 a similar number of large submarines failed to influence author at [email protected] operate with the dreadnoughts of the 1920s or to scout ahead, the outcome of the battle. Two days after the battle in which the The Pig in Peace and they had sufficient range and provisions for a sixty-day cruise Japanese lost four aircraft carriers and a heavy cruiser, I-168 found the carrier Yorktown abandoned by her crew after air attacks, By Wayne Thomas Nelson RO-class Japanese coastal dead in the water, and being rescued by a destroyer secured $9.99 defense submarine. alongside. The easy targets were sunk by the submarine—the only As an e-book from two American ships lost in the pivotal Battle of Midway. Thus a amazon.com, and mere six months into the war the “turning point” was reached, barnesandnoble.com observed Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondo, commander of the Available as a paperback Midway Invasion Force, and Japanese submarines had sunk only from amazon.com, barnesandnoble.com, three U.S. Navy ships, the two ideal targets just mentioned and and walmart.com a fleet oiler. They damaged only one warship, the carrier Saratoga,

12 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 13 but the Japanese navy lost almost seventeen percent and communications.8 but for the purpose of landing Japanese supplies. Soon after the of 35,000 miles, three seaplanes, twenty torpedoes, and a heavy of the submarine force effective at the beginning of the war.5 But since training to attack warships did not result in heavy American landings the Supreme Command in Tokyo transferred deck gun standard aboard most I-boats. When grave doubts A few Allied merchant ships were successfully attacked in enemy losses at Pearl Harbor or Midway, Commander Muraoka the conduct of ground operations on Guadalcanal from the navy to about the wisdom of building such large submarines were American waters, notwithstanding prewar instructions to continued, new training requiring a certain amount of time to the army. The Japanese found supply by ordinary surface transport expressed, the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, concentrate on the destruction of warships. Soon after the attack complete would change submarine strategy and the pattern of more difficult in the face of growing Allied strength, and soon the Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, expressly ordered that work be on Pearl Harbor nearly a dozen I-boats operated east of Oahu; operational deployment.9 Indeed, new orders in that direction had army started to ask for submarine and fast destroyer assistance continued. Five such boats were laid down, but after Yamamoto’s any naval units en route to relieve Pearl Harbor were to be already been issued in June, when Imperial Headquarters Naval in the transportation of supplies. While the situation grew worse death in April 1943 building proceeded slowly and only three were intercepted. They also scouted the American coast between Command Instruction No. 107 replaced instruction No. 15 of 30 for the Japanese on Guadalcanal, Australian and American armed completed not long before the war ended. Ironically, one purpose Seattle and Los Angeles. At least four merchant vessels were sunk November 1941. The new directive stipulated that the primary forces under the command of Douglas MacArthur commenced for designing the I-400-class was to bomb the Panama Canal and another five damaged before the new year. On balance, objective of submarines was the destruction of communication offensive operations in south eastern New Guinea. The Japanese locks, and if the attacks were successful it was assumed that however, they were not very effective, and “during the first seven lines—particularly the severing of supply routes between the started to fall back and a month after the Guadalcanal evacuation naval traffic between Atlantic coast shipyards and the Pacific months of 1942,” as Samuel Eliot Morison has written, “their United States and Australia.10 But there was no time for special in February, Allied forces leaped to the Russell Islands some would be hindered more than the movement of merchant shipping. sinkings of merchant ships [off the American coast] were few training, and the June directive was of little consequence. thirty-five miles northwest of Guadalcanal, for “everything should Thus, even these exceedingly large I-boats were to operate as and far between.”6 But knowledge of the presence of Japanese Conditions were changing rapidly for the Japanese. Their be predicated on a forward movement,” Admiral Chester Nimitz an arm of the Combined Fleet. In any case, they came too late to submarines and the shelling of minor installations harried expansion had been halted at Midway and in August over 10,000 had declared earlier.12 The Japanese army responded by making be usefully employed—the realities of war forced the conversion Americans and contributed to fears that a Japanese strike on American Marines gained a foothold on Guadalcanal; not long more insistent calls for additional submarines to supply or to of I-402 to a fuel supply tanker before she was completed very the west coast might occur. afterwards a nearly completed airfield was captured. The war evacuate the growing number of island garrisons under siege. late in the war—on 27 July 1945—and the initial mission of I-400 Submarines achieved the greatest success against merchant entered a new stage—Allied land forces had successfuly And army arguments were not without appeal, particularly and I-401 (an attack with six torpedo-bomber seaplanes on U.S. shipping during a brief two-month raid into the Indian Ocean. penetrated Japan’s defensive perimeter. among surface craft naval officers. For example, Japanese naval Navy warships anchored in Ulithi atoll planned for 17 August 1945) In May five I-boats sortied in search of warships, but they In spite of the June directive and preliminary plans to Commander Kokichi Mori, who commanded destroyers early in was cancelled because Japan’s decision to surrender came first. damaged only an old battleship and sank a fleet oiler with midget implement it, the desperate situation in the Solomon Islands the war and was later Assigned as torpedo officer to the staff of Before the war Japanese battleship and carrier admirals of submarines at the British base on Madagascar. I-30 proceeded seemed to require that submarines continue to emphasize attacks the Commander-in-Chief of the Fifth Fleet, Vice Admiral Kiyohide the Combined Fleet had decided the function of submarines. to France, but the four remaining submarines continued to patrol on warships. Japanese submarine operations against combat Shima, offered the following postwar explanation to American Educated and trained for surface warfare, it was difficult for them the Indian Ocean through July; they sank over 100,000 tons of units around Guadalcanal were unusually effective, helping to interrogators of the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey: to appreciate the potential of submarine warfare except as it could Allied shipping. By the end of July long-range I-boats had sunk reduce American operational carrier strength in the Pacific to the There are many occasions when submarines in transport duties contribute directly to a successful surface engagement. Hence, approximately fifty-six percent of the total number of Allied Hornet alone. For before the first of October submarines sank the face more difficulties than those engaged in combat. Therefore, the junior submarine branch was assigned a role most in keeping merchant ships destroyed by Japanese submarines in the Second carrier Wasp and a destroyer; another carrier, the new battleship many submarines are lost while engaged in transport duties. with the immediate concerns of the Combined Fleet. Successes World War.7 North Carolina, and a cargo ship were damaged.11 In short, in contrast to a submarine being an extremely effective against American men-of-war in the summer of 1942 (Tables 3 Probably encouraged by news of some success against But while submarines were concentrating their attacks on combat weapon, it is an extremely poor transport ship. When and 4) were all too intermittent to redeem the submarine force’s merchant shipping after the disaster of Midway, the Naval High warships, the Marines isolated on Guadalcanal were steadily choosing between these two duties on a mathematical and reputation in the minds of very senior capital ship admirals. The Command gradually recognized the need to modify submarine supplied and reinforced. By mid-September naval transports had scientific basis, the conclusion that it was more useful as a force was widely criticized for its failure in the most important doctrine. For a short period in the summer of 1942 imaginative slipped in much of a Seabee battalion with bulldozers and other combat weapon is the same now as it was during the war. But, operations with the Combined Fleet, especially at Midway where plans were developed by a few middle grade naval officers for equipment, and nearly 4,000 additional Marines with tanks, it was impossible to see one’s forces left to face self-destruction submarine sighting of American ships occurred only after Vice an unrestricted submarine campaign against Allied shipping. ammunition, fuel, and food were safely landed. A similar pattern because supplies were cut off, and so submarines were used for Admiral Ch ichi Nagumo’s carrier striking force had been ū Japanese submarine strategists studied the German submarine held until early February 1943, when the strength of Allied troops transport in order to carry supplies to the very last, to the officers annihilated.17 An enemy fleet in being, its penetration of the campaign against British communications and commerce, and reached 60,000 and the Japanese were compelled to evacuate and men who were exhausting their strength. In other words, this defense perimeter, and Marines on Guadalcanal were alarmingly they concluded that Great Britain would not be able to survive the island. ‘super’ strategy resulted from a combination of sympathetic love dangerous situations explained in part by the failure of submarines for long and heavy monthly tolls on shipping. Estimates were The American buildup in the battle for Guadalcanal was made of one’s forces and the magnanimity of the supreme command.13 to function as effectively as prewar planning had anticipated. The made of American shipping requirements, and soon naval officers less difficult because the Japanese submarine force adhered to But it was the submarine force, whose most senior officers most senior admirals did not object vigorously when the new started training and further research leading to an extensive prewar doctrine. Though perhaps there was insufficient time to had no voice, that had to make the greatest sacrifices for the military situation on isolated islands seemed to justify the reas- submarine war on commerce. A submarine school instructor, train the entire submarine force for a campaign against supply Naval General Staff’s decision. As Vice Admiral Shigeyoshi Miwa, signment of many submarines. Those boats were doomed, but Commander Muraoka, explained to his students in August 1942 lines, the Naval High Command did not hesitate to resort again to Command-in-Chief of the Sixth (Submarine) Fleet, said: their use in supply operations would serve Combined Fleet that prewartraining of the Japanese navy in submarine attacks the tried but not proved doctrine. The most senior admirals had I do not know the reason [why submarines were assigned interests in another way. For as relief vessels cargo submarines has been directed toward attacks on powerful destroyers, heavy not undergone a fundamental change of attitude concerning the transport duty] because the Naval General Staff made the would relieve some of the pressure on the destroyer force. cruisers, and capital ships escorted by an airplane patrol and [it] role of submarines. Thus, they considered alternative submarine decision, and several times I reported to them that these tactics Destroyers were always regarded as important units for Combined was not greatly concerned with the destruction of commerce offensive strategies only when in their view the well-being of the were not wise; but nothing was done.14 Fleet operations, and some admirals begrudged their use by Combined Fleet was not Ordinary submarines were inadequate as supply vessels and the army. threatened. But additional the losses of highly prized fast destroyers engaged in night supply The traditional-minded admirals who dominated the Japanese demands from a different operations continued to increase. Consequently, the navy started navy were inflexible and had a narrow conception of modern sea quarter were soon to befall to design new classes of transport submarines. Though the keel power. They resisted innovations in naval strategy if the results the submarine force. And the for the first submarine designed specifically as a cargo carrier were uncomplementary to battle fleet interests or infringed upon Naval High Command, ambiv- (I-361) was laid in February 1943, It was not completed until May the strength and prestige of the Combined Fleet. alent about the force’s record 1944.15 Meanwhile, the success of Allied “leapfrogging” strategy The Japanese predominant attitude on submarine warfare had at Pearl Harbor and Midway, created new island fronts that contemporary submarines were a corollary in the high command’s view of the threat from enemy would acquiesce and assign obligated to serve. They were unsuitable for supply operations submarines. Japanese strategists between the wars were loath submarines a task for which and losses mounted drastically. By 1944 losses far exceeded the to recognize the wartime need to protect their sea lanes with they were singularly ill-suited. number of new submarines commissioned (see Table 2).16 destroyers of the Combined Fleet. Anti-submarine warfare (ASW) Out of the struggle for But the fate of the entire submarine force did not rest with was of little concern because the Japanese underestimated the Guadalcanal developed a new the army and supply or evacuation assignments—the traditional submarine menace to shipping.18 At the beginning of the war there condition that forced naval battleship mentality continued to emphasize the need for large were no naval units with the exclusive mission to escort merchant The I-400-class submarine was the largest ever built at the time. They were submarine aircraft carriers strategists to modify their de- I-boats in Combined Fleet operations. Only the month before the ships. Finally in April 1942 two escort groups were formed. One able to carry three Aichi M6A Seiran aircraft underwater to their destinations. They were designed to ployment of submarines—not keel was laid for the first cargo design submarine, work was started was to protect the 2,500-mile Moji-Singapore sea lines with ten surface, launch their planes, then quickly dive again before they were discovered. Their 35,000-mile for the purpose of preventing on the largest submarine ever built at the time. The I-400-class old destroyers and the second escort group of four old destroyers range allowed them to travel anywhere in the world and return. the arrival of Allied supplies, had a normal displacement of over 5,000 tons, range in excess had a similar mission between Yokosuka and Truk. The strength of

14 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 15 the two escort groups was markedly insufficient; Table 1 Table 4 moreover, there was no high-level command U.S. NAVY SHIPS ATTACKED POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL DESTRUCTION* responsible for coordinating and directing escort SUNK DAMAGED SUNK DAMAGED MK 48 Heavyweight Torpedo operations and other ASW activities. As shipping Men-of-War* Auxiliaries** Men-of-War Auxiliaries Effective/Men-of-War Auxiliaries Men-of-War Auxiliaries The MK 48 heavyweight torpedo is used losses continued to mount far in excess of prewar Period Days Nr Tonnage Nr Tonnage Nr Tonnage Nr Tonnage Period/Days SS Nr Tonnage Nr Tonnage Nr Tonnage Nr Tonnage by all classes of submarines as their anti- estimates of 70,000 tons monthly, in November I 7 Dec 1941– 7 Jun 1942 183 2 21,370 1 5,723 1 33,000 0 0 I 183 38.33 submarine warfare (ASW) and anti-surface 1943 advocates of stronger ASW measures finally II 8 Jun 1942–30 Sep 1942 115 2 16,270 0 0 2 68,000 1 7,151 Potential: 2.23** 23,849 1.47 8,417 3.04 100,306 – – warfare (ASuW) weapon. The MK 48 ADCAP succeeded in creating the Grand Escort Command Ill 1 Oct 1942–9 Feb 1943 132 2 7,850 0 0 1 9,200 1 7,293 Actual: 2.00 21,370 1.00 5,723 1.00 33,000 0 0 torpedo is a heavyweight acoustic-homing Headquarters.19 Though the new headquarters was IV 10 Feb 1943–31 Dec 1943 325 7 15,051 3 17,904 0 0 0 0 II 115 41.25 Peak Period Peak Period torpedo with sophisticated sonar, all-digital responsible for the protection of all shipping except V 1 Jan 1944–31 Dec 1944 366 3 2,980 1 7,190 2 17,400 1 5,730 (3.4) (14.3) guidance-and-control systems, digital fusing in local routes, it was not successful in reducing VI 1 Jan 1945–14 Aug 1945 226 2 12,000 0 0 0 0 1 8,100 Potential: 2.00 16,270 – – 2.00 68,000 1.53 10,911 systems, and propulsion improvements. Its commerce losses. The monthly average tonnage of Actual: 2.00 16,270 0 0 2.00 68,000 1.00 7,151 TOTAL: 1,347 18 75,521 5 30,817 6 127,600 4 28,274 digital guidance system allows for repeated shipping lost to Allied submarines increased from llI 132 41.75 Men-of-War included the aircraft carrier (CV and CVE), battleship, cruiser (CA and CL), upgrades to counter evolving threats through almost 47,000 tons in 1942 to nearly 114,000 in 1943 * Potential: 4.77 18,737 – – 8.57 78,807 1.74 12,675 destroyer, destroyer escort, submarine, patrol craft (PG gunboat and PC submarine chaser), software upgrades. The last new ADCAP tor- to just over 204,000 tons sunk each month in 1944. Actual: 2.00 7,850 0 0 1.00 9,200 1.00 7,293 and motor torpedo boat (PT). pedo was delivered in 1996. Since then, the American submarine torpedoes were improved and IV 325 47.66 Peak Period Navy has provided discrete improvements submarine crews and their skippers became more ** Auxiliaries included the oiler (AO), transport (AP), and attack transport (APA). Two 1,500-ton (1.2) LSTs (landing ships, tank) sunk by submarines were excluded in these tables. Also excluded to the torpedo’s guidance and control and experienced by 1943, but also a contributing factor Potential: 24.49 52,664 3.00 17,904 – – – – were naval ships of American allies—few were attacked by Japanese submarines. propulsion systems. to the enormous Allied gains was the weakness Actual: 7.00 15,051 3.00 17,904 0 0 0 0 of the Japanese ASW program. The Grand Escort Table 2 V 366 33.25 The MK 48 ADCAP Mod 6 torpedo combines Command could not compete effectively with the AVERAGE TONNAGES ATTACKED PER SUBMARINE (SS) Potential: 41.66 41,376 2.03 14,603 20.00 174,024 4.88 27,990 two significant enhancements: one in guid- more powerful Combined Fleet admirals for the Average Tonnage Average Tonnage Actual: 3.00 2,980 1.00 7,190 2.00 17,400 1.00 5,730 ance and control (G&C Mod), and the other allocation of naval resources. Hence, at the close Average Nr Effective* Sunk per SS Average Nr Effective VI 226 15.88 Peak Period in the torpedo propulsion unit (TPU Mod). of 1943 the best escort vessels in the Grand Escort Period/Days SS per Period Men-of-War Auxiliaries Men-of-War Auxiliaries (2.3) The G&C Mod improves the acoustic receiver, replaces the guidance-and-control hardware Command were fifteen destroyers built in the early I 183 38.33 558 149 861 0 Potential: 2.03 12,202 – – – – 1.00 8,100 Actual: 2.00 12,000 0 0 0 0 1.00 8,100 with updated technology, increases memory, 1920s, and the first of three carrier escorts II 115 41.25 394 0 1,648 173 and improves processor throughput to handle designated for the Grand Escort Command did Ill 132 41.75 188 0 220 175 Total Potential: 26.52 165,098 6.50 40,924 33.61 421,137 8.15 59,676 the expanded software demands required not join convoy service until July 1944. With IV 325 47.66 316 376 0 0 Total Actual: 18.00 75,521 5.00 30,817 6.00 127,600 4.00 28,274 to improve torpedo performance against inexperienced pilots the escort carriers served more V 366 33.25 90 216 523 172 Difference: 8.52 89,577 1.50 10,107 27.61 293,537 4.15 31,402 evolving threats. The TPU Mod provides as training ships than as effective ASW units, for VI 226 15.88 756 0 0 510 Potential destruction was estimated by multiplying the number of days (Tables 1, 2, 3) by a significant reduction in torpedo radiat- after the first convoy trip most of the pilots were * the average number of effective submarines (Table 2) by the performance standard of peak ed-noise signatures. The MK 48 Mod 6 tor- transferred to Combined Fleet carriers. Again, * About 22 of Japan’s 64 submarines were obsolete, used for training, or in port for overhaul at periods (Table 3). pedo reached Initial Operational Capability capital ship admirals jealously guarded their vested the beginning of the war, thus there were 42 effective submarines. The number of losses and newly commissioned submarines was tabulated for a monthly average of effective submarines, (IOC) in 1997 and the latest improvement was interests in the Combined Fleet, and they remained ** The potential number of ships was estimated on the basis of the average tonnage of ships from which figure was derived the average number of effective submarines for each period. fielded in 2009. The Mod 6 is also the first tor- unwilling to change their prewar attitudes about the actually sunk or damaged. Losses from all causes were included, though Allied action was directly responsible for 92 pedo that can utilize the Torpedo Downloader potential of undersea warfare. percent of the casualties. Excluded in these tables were midget submarines, suicide subma- SOURCES: System (TD) which can provide rapid software Early in the war the Japanese doctrinaire rines, submarines built without torpedo tubes, ex-German and Italian submarines, and a few Basic data were gathered from several sources and, where sometimes updates to embarked weapons, allowing the approach to both submarine and anti-submarine experimental submarines. inconsistent or dissimilar claims existed, they were included in these tables submarine to deploy with the most up-to-date warfare did not go unnoticed in the U.S. Navy. Table 3 after verification in at least two of the following works: software variant. American naval records make it clear that by the AVERAGE TONNAGES ATTACKED PER DAY Anthony J. Watts, Japanese Warships of World War II (Garden City, N.Y.: second year of the war “it was possible to assess Performance Standards* The latest version of the MK 48 ADCAP is Doubleday, 1967); two works by Shizuo Fukui: Nihon no gunkan [Japanese the Japanese anti-submarine effort and draw a Average Tonnage Average Tonnage Mod 7 Common Broadband Advanced Sonar warships] (9th ed.; Tokyo: Shuppan Ky d , 1962) and Sh sen to teikoku kantai fairly conclusive picture The U.S. Submarine Force Sunk per Day per SS Damaged per Day per SS ō ō ū System (CBASS) which is optimized for both [Japanese naval vessels survived—their postwar activities and final disposition] was now aware that it was up against nothing Period/Days Men-of-War Auxiliaries Men-of-War Auxiliaries the deep and littoral waters and has advanced (Tokyo: Shuppan Ky d , 1961); U.S., Navy Department, German, Japanese, and particularly novel or original.” 20 And concerning I 183 3.0 .8 4.7 0 ō ō counter-countermeasure capabilities. The submarine warfare, a combat intelligence officer II 115 3.4 0 14.3 1.5 Italian Submarine Losses, World War II (OPNAV-P33-100) 1946; Anthony J. Watts MK 48 ADCAP Mod 7 CBASS torpedo is the on Admiral Nimitz’s staff observed that “In their Ill 132 1.4 0 1.7 1.3 and Brian G. Gordon, The Imperial Japanese Navy (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, result of a Joint Development Program with assignment of submarine tasks…the Japanese IV 325 1.0 1.2 0 0 1971); Mochitsura Hashimoto, Sunk (New York: Henry Holt, 1954); W. J. Holmes, the Royal Australian Navy and reached Initial ascribed a minor part to commerce destruction, V 366 .2 .6 1.4 .5 Undersea Victory (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 19966); Samuel Eliot Morison, Operational Capability in 2006. Current im- and perhaps as a corollary they neglected the anti- VI 226 3.3 0 0 2.3 History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, 15 vols. (Boston: Little, provement efforts are focusing on improving submarine protection of their own commerce.” 21 Brown, 1947-62); Paul S. Dull, A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy CBASS performance in shallow water against The comparative failure of Japanese These performance standards resulted from dividing the average tonnages per (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1978); Zenji Orita and Joseph D. Harrington, the most challenging of targets. submarine in Table 2 by the number of days in each period. I-Boat Captain (Canoga Park, Cal.: Major Books, 1976); Erminio Bagnaseo, submarines to inflict far-reaching damage on MK 48 General Characteristics the Allies throughout the war stemmed primarily = Peak performance. Submarines of World War Two (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1977); Hansgeorg from the nature of prewar doctrine and the Jentschura, Dieter Jung, and Peter Mickel, Warships of the Imperial Japanese Primary Function: Heavyweight torpedo circumstances of its development. The doctrine, of the submarine force. In theory (see Table 4) submarines might have sunk an Navy, 1869-1945 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1977): Naval History Division, Contractor: Lockheed Martin with its origins in the Washington conference, was additional 90,000 tons of U.S. Navy men-of-war and damaged another 300,000 Navy Department, United States Naval Chronology, World War II (Washington, Propulsion: piston engine; pump jet followed too strictly in the opening phases of the tons had the force been consistently supported and directed. Or a doctrine D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955); and Reports of the U.S. Naval Technical Diameter: 21 inches war fought twenty years later. The Japanese were more responsive to changing strategic naval requirements and to submarine Mission to Japan, 1945-1946 Japanese Submarine Operations (Washington, Weight: 3,520 pounds prepared neither to wage a submarine campaign target opportunities would have been more successful. It is not assumed that D.C.: Operational Archives, Naval Historical Center), microfilm reel JM-200-1, Speed: Greater than 28 knots (32.2 mph) of attrition or to defend themselves against such a radically different submarine strategy would have won the war for the report no. S-17. Range: more than 5 miles undersea warfare. Once confronted by severe stra- Japanese, but it is clear that the submarine campaign actually carried out Depth: Greater than 1,200 ft tegic difficulties especially in the autumn of 1942, Footnotes referenced in this article have been omitted with permission of by the Naval High Command was done with very questionable professional Warhead: 650 pounds, high-explosive capital ship admirals directed the naval war with understanding, and resulted in great waste of materiel and the needless the author. Those interested in obtaining a copy may do so by contacting little appreciation for the remaining potential sacrifice of Japanese lives. the American Submariner editor at [email protected].

16 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 17 Groton Base Makes Another K4K Visit to BASE ACTIVITIES AROUND THE COUNTRY Teenagers in Yale Child Psychiatric Hospital Nineteen teenagers were made honorary submariners in the Adolescent Inpatient Unit at Yale New Haven Psychiatric Albany-Saratoga Base SubVet Salutes the Air Force The Ears Have It! Hospital. The unit provides acute inpatient care to adolescents Andy Morgan, 17, from Beaverton, and young adults with a broad spectrum of psychiatric problems, On May 8, 2020, Syracuse University Air Force Oregon, is not a submariner. such as mood disorders, psychotic disorders, substance abuse, Reserve Officer Training Corps Detachment 535 This fall, Andy will be attending the and eating disorders. held its commissioning ceremony. Oregon Institute of Technology to study It is always a rewarding experience for our Groton Base Complying with all CDC guidelines for social engineering. Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) Team to bring joy to the kids in the Yale distancing, including the use of face masks, the His grandfather, Steve Daniels, is a Adolescent Psych Unit because they are all dealing with very commissioning was held at the National Veterans Groton Base Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) Program member of Blueback Base. For the last two challenging problems, and the staff informed us that our visits Resource Center in Syracuse, New York. years, base members have supported and Receives $1,180 Donation make a positive difference! Albany-Saratoga Base member Jim Irwin was held events for the residents of the Oregon On January 15, the Groton Base Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) Team visited We enjoyed answering the many questions from the kids, and invited to participate in the long-standing tradition Veterans Home, located in The Dalles. American Systems in Norwich, Connecticut. The purpose of hospital staff. of offering the first salute to a newly commissioned Andy wanted to help the veterans at the trip was to thank the company for its $1,180 donation to the Active duty submariner Phil Plunkard FTSN(SS) again accom- officer. He was honored to give the first salute to the Portland VA Hospital, and the staff at Groton Base Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) Program. The donation came from panied us on this visit, which included Bob Dulin and John and the United States Air Force’s newest Second the Oregon Health & Science University individual employees plus matching company funds. Jackie Riley. Since he is 20 years old, only a couple of years older Lieutenant, Alexa M. Lounsbury, the youngest Hospital. So Andy started making ear We were warmly welcomed by branch Vice President John than most of the teenagers, he quickly established a friendly daughter of his next-door neighbor. (Yes, they did remove their masks for a quick photo!) savers, which help prevent sore ears for Leckie and Facility Technical Director John Ketcham. They connection with them. Many of the questions were directed at Albany-Saratoga Base member Jim Congratulations, Alexa, and thank you for those who wear face masks for extended shared that their company employed many submarine veterans Phil, and he shared lots of current day submarine operation Irwin takes a picture with newly- choosing to serve. periods. He began making them using and were impressed when they became aware of the good that knowledge and experience with them. Phil is an excellent addition commissioned Second Lieutenant his 3D printer and they were an immediate our program does. John Ketcham gave us a grand tour of the to our Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) Team. Bob Dulin, and John and Jackie Alexa Lounsbury. success. facility during which we were able to visit with and thank many Riley. Knowing that his grandfather and of the employees. During our presentation, the teens were surprised and happy Keystone Base Members Adapt to COVID-19 Pandemic Blueback Base support the Oregon We presented a binder to John Leckie, which included a thank to learn that “Popeye the Sailor Man” was also qualified in With the restrictions on gatherings, social distancing requirements and travel Veterans Home, Andy asked if he could you letter and pictures from many of our visits to child health care submarines! restrictions imposed by the coronavirus pandemic, life over the past months has been help the base support the home by making facilities in Connecticut. We also thanked receptionist Tammy After a slide and video presentation, we presented each teen anything but usual. ear savers for the staff and residents. Stotts who did an outstanding job of setting up and coordinating with a personalized Honorary Submariner Certificate, ball cap, and It was necessary to cancel many planned Keystone Base activities, including the On May 22, 2020, Blueback Base our visit. other submarine related memorabilia. We informed them that they dedication of a new monument at Indiantown Gap National Cemetery in Annville, member Steve Daniels delivered 80 ear We obtained the names of 14 employee children before the would receive a personal tour by active duty submariners if they Pennsylvania. Community parades and the annual Memorial Day ceremony were also savers and will follow up with another 20 in visit. We printed and framed Honorary Submariner Certificates for visit the free USS Nautilus Submarine and Museum in Groton. canceled. However, through it all the brotherhood of our submariners remained strong. the near future. the kids and gave these to their parents, along with K4K challenge Regular meetings at the American Legion were replaced with Zoom virtual meetings Thank you, Andy, for your generosity coins, wristbands, and tattoos. (computer video-based meetings) that “assembled” almost the same number of and support for not only Blueback Base, We let them know that the kids would receive a special tour and participants as a regular meeting. but the residents and staff at the Oregon challenge coin from active duty submariners if they visited the free The wellness coordinator and base commander also initiated a “buddy check” Veterans Home in The Dalles. USS Nautilus Submarine Museum in Groton. program. The membership was divided into small groups who check on each other by On hand to document the visit was Jim Lawton, Groton Base telephone or e-mail every month. The base stands ready to assist with any needs public affairs officer. beyond that which the checking member can provide. Through it all we have not lost touch or lost faith. It would take something far greater than a pandemic for us to abandon the camaraderie and friendship we share with our brothers. Blueback Base Hosts Virtual Tolling the Boats Ceremony It has long been a tradition for the Blueback Base to hold a “Tolling the Boats” ceremony at the Beaverton Veterans Memorial Park in Beaverton, Oregon. The annual event, hosted by Beaverton American Legion Post 124, was canceled this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As submariners, we know, “where there’s a will, there’s a way”—in this case with a little help from Zoom, a web-based video conferencing interface that allows users to gather online, with or without video. The members of Blueback Base refused to let the tradition be interrupted by some virus. So on Monday, May 25 at 11:00, the base continued its annual custom by holding an online Tolling the Boats ceremony via Zoom with 24 in attendance. The base has also begun holding their monthly base meetings using Zoom and recently (front l-r): Groton Base K4K Team members Bob Sharpe, Bob John Riley and Bob Dulin with active duty submariner Andy Morgan proudly displays his Gustafson, and Bob Dulin with John Leckie (left), John Riley, and and Groton Base member Phil Plunkard, FTSN(SS) had 28 participants, including members from Oregon, California, Texas, and Tennessee. latest batch of ear savers prior to John Ketcham. on a recent visit to the Adolescent Inpatient Unit at When Blueback Base resumes their face-to-face meetings, they plan to continue delivery to the staff and residents of Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital. using Zoom so that all members will have the opportunity to participate, wherever they the Oregon Veterans Home in may be. The Dalles.

18 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 19 to join the squadron. The first was USS Chicago (SSN-721). An armed guard stood by as we linked up with our guide from She began her maiden WestPac in March of 1989. She was the boat, ETR3 Mike Garza. Hailing from San Antonio, Garza had subsequently joined by USS Louisville (SSN-724) and USS recently joined Alexandria from USS Pittsburgh (SSN-720). When Helena (SSN-725). asked what had drawn him to naval service he replied it was the During Operation Desert Storm in 1991, Louisville carried out communications training. “Digital is the way everything’s going so the first war patrol conducted by an American submarine since it’s great preparation for the future.” World War II. On January 19, she launched Tomahawks against Historically, tattoos were introduced to American culture targets in Iraq. Louisville was subsequently awarded the Navy through the Navy. That tradition was readily apparent among Unit Commendation. During Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003, the assembled sailors. The Navy’s decision to lift restrictions on she launched an additional sixteen Tomahawk missiles against the size and number of tattoos below the knee and elbow had targets in Iraq. She was again awarded the Navy Unit obviously been embraced. Several men sported full arm sleeves Commendation for her performance. all the way down to the knuckles. The early 1990s saw the introduction of Flight III 688I (Improved) Garza held us on the dock while the crew completed hauling Los Angeles-class boats with VLS, an upgraded reactor core the snorkel head cover up the side of Alexandria’s sail. As we and an external configuration for under-ice operations. The initial boarded it became apparent that the boat was in the midst of three units added were USS Topeka (SSN-754), USS Asheville upkeep. Her low black shape was covered with cables, hoses, (SSN-758), and USS Jefferson City (SSN-759). Their duties scaffolds and awnings. We stepped carefully as Garza pointed out included deployment with Carrier Strike Groups, striking Iraqi topside features and led us forward to the escape trunk. Its open targets with Tomahawks, and developmental work on naval drone hatch beckoned. technology. During New Year’s Eve 2000, Topeka stopped on the Our group made our way below and another change became international dateline and was “in two millenniums at once”. apparent. The Cold War vintage blue poopy suits were long gone, Squadron 11 is currently led by Captain John (Patrick) Friedman replaced by two piece digital camo uniforms. and Command Master Chief Jeffrey Hiscocks. More than 60 The crew was very patient as Garza led us through officers and 500 enlisted personnel, overseen by the squadron compartments, narrating as he went. They quietly stood aside staff of approximately 25 officers and 50 enlisted personnel, man as we passed down ladders and navigated passageways. Squadron 11 units. While they do serve in various capacities on staff, We did hear one man rib Garza, “Why are you giving a tour? there are currently no female submariners in Squadron 11 boats. You just got here.” Submariner humor remains alive and well. In Captain Friedman’s charge are five submarines: USS The work topside was but a precursor of the activity going on Pasadena (SSN-752), USS Alexandria (SSN-757), USS Scranton below. Throughout the boat civilian contractors conferred with (SSN-756), USS Annapolis (SSN-760) and USS Hampton crew around disassembled machinery. Gone were clipboards and Return to Squadron11 (SSN-767). All are Flight III 688i (Improved) Los Angeles-class stacks of paper, replaced by laptops and iPads. boats. The floating dry dock Arco (ARDM-5) is also attached to As we passed his cabin, Alexandria’s captain, Commander by Paul Crozier the squadron, along with the Undersea Rescue Command. Christopher J. Carter, greeted members of our group. Commander In late November last year with family in tow, I made the trip Carter is a native of Washington, D.C. and a member of the United down Rosecrans Street, bay to port and brown hills to starboard. States Naval Academy class of 2002. His previous billets include In the parking lot just north of the main base entrance, our group USS Minneapolis-St. Paul (SSN 708), USS Charlotte (SSN 766), met up with both Jeff Porteous and his guest Chuck Senior. and serving as Executive Officer aboard USS Santa Fe (SSN 763). raditionally, one of the lesser duties of commissioned decommissioning on October 1, 1990, marked the end of Chuck served in USS Tecumseh (SSBN-628) and gave our group The control room appeared to be the center of much of the submarines has been to make Distinguished Visitor conventionally powered combat submarines in the US Navy. some true SubVet gravitas. maintenance work. The diving control station was disassembled T Embarks. In March, 2001, I had the good fortune to During her time with CSS-11, USS Plunger (SSN-595), a We were quickly met by tour coordinator AT1(SS) Patrick and surrounded by members of the crew in serious discussion. participate in a DVE hosted by Submarine Squadron 11 at Point Permit-class fast attack, was the most-decorated warship in San Warnement, who welcomed us aboard. Confirming our entire Garza pointed out the various features of fire control and navigation. Loma Naval Base. Our group of 23 civilians, which included a Diego. She earned four Navy Unit Commendations as well as group was present, he then briefed us about base security He even let us glance at the passageway that led to the door to U.S. Senator’s aid and a correspondent for NPR, spent the day multiple Meritorious Unit Commendations, Battle Efficiency, and expectations: all photography was prohibited and all cell phones his secret domain, the radio room. aboard USS Helena (SSN-725). I was the guest of USSVI associate other awards. were to be left in our vehicles. This was a radical departure from In 2001, Helena’s second periscope was a descendent of optics member Jeff Porteous. We dove to 700 feet, did angles and Sturgeon-class boats enhanced squadron capability and our 2001 DVE which allowed almost unlimited photography both used by fleet boats in WWII. It was nice to see that Alexandria’s dangles, and conducted an approach on an unsuspecting cruise contributed to CSS-11’s legacy of submarine development. USS on the base and in the boat. I’d worn a 35mm camera around my had been upgraded to a more modern version. ship. The highlight for me was standing between the masts atop Pogy (SSN-647) helped pioneer towed-array sonar systems, neck the whole trip. The subsequent attacks on 9-11, however, The crew’s mess was less crowded than control but still busy. the sail as Helena parted the waves, silent except for the rush ECM radio gear, and thermal imaging periscopes. USS Guitarro triggered radical changes in the Navy’s approach to security. Our At a table a young sailor was being quizzed on his qualification of the water and the cries of seabirds circling the stern. (SSN-665) participated in pre-operational testing of the Tomahawk group fully complied with these prohibitions and Warnement led book. On the aft bulkhead hung a large flat screen TV, a luxury Over the ensuing years I’ve often thought about that trip. cruise missile, launching several on a test range off the coast. us down to the parking lot next to the submarine piers. reserved only for the wardroom in Helena. In fact, all the digital So when the opportunity arose to return to San Diego for my son’s USS Pintado (SSN-672) conducted her fifth WestPac as a At the waterfront, we were greeted by Lt. Mosher who formally displays in the boat that we observed appeared thinner and higher graduation from Marine Corps boot camp, I decided to reach out member of CSS-11. In June, 1987, she surfaced at the North Pole took charge of our tour. New to the squadron after serving two in resolution. to Squadron 11 and request a tour to see how things had changed for the third time. Another two-month Arctic deployment was years on an aircraft carrier, Lt. Mosher confided that she viewed When we poked our heads into the adjacent galley, Garza over the past eighteen years. Happily, a visit was arranged by the completed in June, 1988. our tour as an additional opportunity to learn more about the boats. pointed out the trash compactor. He assured us their trash dumps squadron Public Affairs Officer, Lt. Danielle Mosher. In 1988, USS Drum (SSN-677) was awarded her third Lt. Mosher led us down the broad concrete pier to our host at sea were small in size and environmentally friendly. Concern The U.S. Navy submarine presence in San Diego stretches Meritorious Unit Commendation while with CSS-11. A year later, boat, USS Alexandria (SSN-757). She is the third Navy ship named about it never crossed my mind. back nearly a century. Late in the Cold War, the command she was awarded her second Navy Unit Commendation. for both Alexandria, Virginia, and Alexandria, Louisiana. Her motto, Before we knew it our tour was at an end. We expressed our structure was reorganized and the result was the commissioning While attached to the squadron, USS William H. Bates “Twice as Strong,” is a nod to her dual namesakes. Alexandria’s thanks to Garza and left the men of Alexandria to continue their of Submarine Squadron 11 (CSS-11) on July 1, 1986. Since (SSN-680) conducted numerous Western Pacific deployments keel was laid down on June 19, 1987. She was launched on June work uninhibited. that day, Squadron 11 has been the West Coast home of anti- including joint exercises with the Republic of Korea Navy. In 1987 23, 1990, and commissioned on June 23, 1991. Lt. Mosher parted with us at the base submarine memorial. submarine, anti-surface, strike, special and mine warfare as well she earned a Navy Unit Commendation. Over the following years she has been an active member of Fashioned from the conning tower fairwater of USS Roncador as intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance operations. To The squadron’s most numerous class of submarine has the fleet, first with Submarine Development Squadron 12 in Groton (SS-301), a Balao-class submarine built too late to see action in date, her fast attacks have consistently deployed to the Western been the Los Angeles. Boats from all three flights have served and then on to ComSubRon-11. Alexandria, along with USS World War II, its well kept structure serves as a fitting reminder of Pacific, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and, less frequently, the Arctic in CSS-11. Flight I boats included USS Bremerton (SSN-698), Cowpens (CG-63), and USS Gary (FFG-51), participated in the sacrifice made by all those who are on eternal patrol. Ocean, establishing a record of accomplishment and excellence USS La Jolla (SSN-701), USS Albuquerque (SSN-706), USS “Exercise Malabar” in 2004. While participating in ICEX-07, scenes It was a privilege to take another peek into the life of Submarine along the way. Portsmouth (SSN-707), USS Houston (SSN-713), and USS Salt for the movie Stargate: Continuum were filmed onboard. Her Squadron 11. While technology and circumstances had changed CSS-11 has been the home of a variety of submarine classes Lake City (SSN-716). captain at the time, Commander Mike Bernacchi, and members certain things over the years, the essentials remained the same: and notable boats. USS Blueback (SS-581), a Barbel-class boat, By the end of the 1980s, Flight II Los Angeles-class boats, with of his crew played themselves. The boat has also served as a dedicated men and women serving with excellence to protect our was the only non-nuclear submarine to join the squadron. Her twelve vertical launch tubes for Tomahawk cruise missiles, began filming location for the television series JAG and NCIS. country from beneath the sea.

20 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 21 Henry Breault TM2(SS) Medal of Honor Submariner

by Jim Christley, EMCS(SS), USN, Retired

Long before the legendary bravery of barges in the world, Ajax and Hercules, in the Canal Zone. They the seven submariners who received the were built specifically for handling the gates of the canal locks. Medal of Honor in World War II, an enlisted However, there had been a landslide at the famous Gaillard Cut man, Torpedoman’s Mate Second Class and both barges were on the other side of the slide, assisting Henry Breault, distinguished himself as a in clearing the Canal. The excavation shifted into high gear and hero of the Submarine Force. He is the only enlisted submariner by 1400 on the afternoon of the sinking, the crane barge Ajax to be awarded the Medal of Honor for actions aboard a United squeezed through and was on its way to the O-5 site. Divers worked to tunnel under the O-5’s bow so lifting cables The Type VIIC U-Boat States submarine. On 28 October 1923, the USS O-5 (SS-66) was operating could be attached. Ajax arrived about midnight, and by early by Jeff LaRue with other units of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet under the command of morning, the cable tunnel had been dug, the cable run, and a lift was attempted. Sheppard J. Shreaves, supervisor of the Panama Commander Submarine Force, Coco Solo, Canal Zone. At ap- -boats. The very name conjures an almost visceral response Navy, now renamed the Kriegsmarine, and had a direct impact Canal’s salvage crew and himself a qualified diver, had been proximately 0630, O-5, under the command of Lieutenant Harrison from most people. The reasons for this are not very hard on the Type VII. This treaty, later amended in 1937, allowed the Avery, was underway leading a column of submarines consisting working continuously throughout the night to dig the tunnel, snake to understand. the cable under the submarine, and hook it to Ajax’s hoist. Now U German Navy to build submarines up to 45 percent of the of O-5 (SS-66), O-3 (SS-64), O-6 (SS-67), and O-8 (SS-69) across Starting with World War One, the Imperial German Navy waged (submerged) tonnage of the Royal Navy. In order to maximize Limon Bay toward the entrance to the Panama Canal. The steam- the lift began. As the crane took a strain, the lift cables broke. almost four years of submarine warfare which culminated in the number of submarines built, it was decided to focus the ship SS Abangarez, owned by the United Fruit Company and Shreaves and his crew worked another cable set under the bow eighteen months of unrestricted warfare. Few pre-war analysts construction effort on the medium-sized boats. This meant captained by Master W.A. Card, was underway toward Dock No. 6 and again Ajax pulled. Again, the cable broke. All through the day, had correctly predicted the impact that submarines would have on the Type VII. at Cristobal. Through a series of maneuvering errors and miscom- the men worked. Shreaves had been in his diving suit nearly 24 naval warfare. Throughout the course of the war, a total of 5,282 The Type VII was not the best submarine of its time, nor was munication, the SS Abangarez collided with the O-5 and struck hours. As midnight on the 29th approached, the crane was ready vessels were sunk by U-boats, nearly bringing England to its it even outstanding in any one area. But the trade-offs suited the submarine on the starboard side of the control room, opening for another lift, this time with buoyancy being added by blowing knees through a near complete blockade of the British Isles. water out of the flooded engine room. Then, just after midnight, the needs of the German Navy well, resulting in one of the more a hole some ten feet long and penetrating the number one main The successes achieved by the U-boats came at a steep price, the bow of O-5 broke the surface. Men from the salvage force historically important submarine designs. A total of 709 Type VII ballast tank. The submarine rolled sharply to port—then back to however. The German Navy began the war with 28 U-boats placed quickly opened the torpedo room hatch, and Breault and Brown U-boats were built, starting with the U-27 in 1936 and ending with starboard—and sank bow first in 42 feetof water. into service with an additional 343 brought into service during the emerged into the fresh air. the U-1308 in 1945. Out of the total of 709, there were 577 Type The steamship picked up eight survivors—including the course of the war. Of this total (371), 178 U-boats were lost, mostly Two of the other missing men’s bodies were recovered from VIIC boats built and 88 Type VIIC/41 boats built. The VIIC/41 was a commanding officer—who had either been topside or climbed through enemy action. The loss in manpower was equally great: alongside the boat and interred at the Mount Hope Cemetery in the thicker-skinned version of the VIIC and was the version built with up quickly through the conning tower hatch. Nearby tugs and 511 officers and 4,576 crew members were killed. The signing of Canal Zone. Petty Officer Clyde E. Hughes’ body was never found. the slightly longer bow known as the ‘Atlantiksteven’, the Atlantic ships rescued several others. Eight minutes after O-5 sank, Chief the Versailles Peace Treaty effectively ended the existence of a Petty Officer Breault was awarded the Medal of Honor by Bow, for better seakeeping. Machinist’s Mate C.R. Butler surfaced in an air bubble. In all, 16 President Calvin Coolidge on 4 April 1924. It was awarded for German Navy that included submarines. The victorious Allies were crewmen were rescued. Five were missing. These included Chief Physical Characteristics and Internal Arrangement Breault’s uncommon valor in going to the aid of a fellow shipmate going to prevent the kind of seaborne deprivations in any future Electrician’s Mate Lawrence T. Brown, Motor Machinist’s Mate The Type VII U-boat is of the single-hull design, with the who most certainly would have died if Breault had not intervened, conflict. Or so it was thought. First Class Clyde E. Hughes, Mess Attendant First Class Fred C. pressure hull also being the outer, exposed hull surface. This with complete disregard of his own safety. For his role in the rescue, The Inter-War Years Smith, Fireman First Class Thomas T. Metzler, and Torpedoman’s watertight hull had a series of internal ribs, spaced 60 centimeters Sheppard Shreaves later received the Congressional Life Saving The German Navy, now renamed the Reichsmarine, worked Mate Second Class Henry Breault apart, used for strengthening the structure. Surrounding the Medal, presented personally by Breault and Brown that same year. diligently through the period before the Second World War to re- Henry Breault had been working in the torpedo room when the forward and aft ends of the pressure hull were free-flooding build the navy and made a particular effort to maintain the design collision occurred, and he headed up the ladder topside. As he Addendum: One of the reasons the death of this hero went virtually structures that added the necessary hydrodynamic streamlining and construction skills necessary for the eventual recreation the gained the main deck, he realized that Chief Brown was asleep unnoticed was that he died on December 5, 1941. His passing and and also provided the space for the ballast tanks. Along the U-boat arm. This was done by creating a series of government below. Instead of going over the side, Breault headed back below funeral were overshadowed by other world events. upper portion of each side were long saddle tanks that provided to get Brown and shut the deck hatch over his head just as the backed civilian companies that publicly were contracting work for additional ballast and fuel space. The top of the hull had a flat, bow went under. Brown was awake, but unaware of the order to foreign navies, but were in fact furthering Germany’s own naval free-flooding deck which gave the crew needed stability to perform abandon ship. Both men headed aft to exit through control, but the ambitions. This active effort to circumvent the Versailles Treaty necessary work, for example reloading torpedoes while in port water coming into the forward battery compartment made that was in full effect well before the National Socialists came to power and manning the 88mm deck gun while at sea. A (conning) tower escape route unusable. They made it through the rising water to in the 1930s and resulted in the designs for the two principle was situated amidships and included the actual conning tower the torpedo room and had just shut and dogged the door when the U-boats that would bear the brunt of the naval offensive during itself, a separate watertight compartment that was the principle battery shorted and exploded. Breault knew the bow was under, World War Two: the Type VII and the Type IX. This article deals operations center during surface battle. This watertight compartment and they were trapped. with the Type VII U-boat. was enclosed in a streamlined structure that also provided a Salvage efforts began immediately, and divers were sent down The Type VII was the result of a number of compromises. somewhat protected and elevated platform for surface operations. from a salvage tug that arrived from Coco Solo. By 1000, they These included military operational and political compromises. The Type VIIC evolved from the first boats of the class, the were on the bottom examining the wreck. To search for trapped From an operational point of view, this design fitted well with the Type VIIA, of which a total of ten boats were built. The VIIA’s personnel, they hammered on the hull near the aft end of the ship requirement for a submarine capable of conducting offensive established the general dimensions and characteristics that would and worked forward. Upon reaching the torpedo room, they heard operations into the near Atlantic. The range and seaworthiness, be seen in all follow-on variants. The most visible difference answering hammer blows from inside the boat. In those days along with being able to resist enemy attacks, made it a good between the Type VIIA and the others in the class was the result before modern safety and rescue devices, the only way the North Atlantic boat. Of possibly equal importance, the Type VII of the extensive testing and evaluation performed when the first salvage crew, under the command of Captain Amos Bronson Jr., was the result of design developments that started with the highly VIIA came into service. While deemed an excellent boat overall, it could get the men out of the boat was to lift it physically from the TM2(SS) Henry Breault receiving the Medal of Honor from President successful UB-III class from the First World War. was noted that the underwater turning radius was not very good. mud using cranes or pontoons. There were no pontoons within Calvin Coolidge at the White House in 1924. On the political front, the London Naval Treaty of 1935 set the This resulted in a design change from the single rudder of the 2,000 miles of the site, but there were two of the largest crane U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph stage for the public resurgence of U-boats within the German VIIA to the twin rudders of the VIIB.

22 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 23 With the rudders now placed directly behind the twin screws, added aft of the conning tower. This space was used to store up providing the propulsion for surface running were located side-by- the turning radius on the Type VIIB was greatly improved. Another to twenty-four spare torpedoes and other maintenance items used side in this compartment. For all practical purposes, the bulk of benefit of this change allowed the single stern torpedo tube to to service the U-boats at sea. A total of four such boats were built. these engines took up this entire section of the pressure hull. be relocated from its previous location above the waterline and With the exceptions noted above, all Type VII U-boats had • Motor Room and After Torpedo Room (E-Maschinenraum external to the pressure hull to a location that was between the the same basic internal layout. Working from the bow toward the and Hecktorpedoraum)—Found in this compartment were two twin rudders and now allowed the tube to be reloaded from within stern, the compartments within the pressure hull were: relatively small electric motors that were connected to the prop the pressure hull. • Forward Torpedo Room (Bugtorpedoraum)—The space in shafts. Air and refrigerator compressors were also located here. Other changes were made which affected speed and range, this forward-most compartment was more or less taken up by the The electrical control panels monitoring and controlling all of the resulting in a boat that was one meter longer and slightly wider. combination of four torpedo tubes and the eight spare torpedoes. boat’s electrical power were mounted above the motors. An auxiliary A total of twentyfour Type VIIB boats were completed. The majority of the crew lived in this compartment as well, though helm station rounded out the operational equipment. Beneath the The change from the VIIB to the VIIC was not due to any living accommodations were pretty much an afterthought. A total decking and between the two motors was found the single reload perceived inadequacies of the class, rather it was in anticipation of six bunks (and the available deck space) was made to serve for the aft torpedo tube. Aft of all of this equipment was the single of an active sonar search device, the S-Gërat, that was to be the needs of the 36 crew members who lived in this compartment. aft-firing torpedo tube. installed. This new equipment required space that was not available • Forward Accommodation (Oberfeldwebelraum, • Conning Tower (Turm)—This tiny watertight compartment, in the VIIB, so the solution was to insert an additional full frame Offizierraum, Horchraum, and Funkraum)—Immediately aft of located immediately above the control room, was where the section, 60cm in length, into the center (control) section. This added the forward watertight bulkhead was located one of the two heads attack computer (for aiming the torpedoes) and compass repeater hull length also allowed the conning tower to be slightly increased (port side), as well as a food locker. In practice both head and was located. It was from this compartment that the commander in size and the size of the saddle tanks to be likewise increased. It locker would be used for food storage...leaving a single head to would use the attack periscope. A hatch in the deck head gave turned out that the new sonar was never ready for installation, so be used by over forty men. Next the CPOs and officers had their access to the bridge. while the first boats were completed with the necessary mounting accommodations in this compartment, with a thin bulkhead used Operational History – A Brief Summary structures, it was eventually deleted from the class. to separate the two. In addition to the bunks and storage lockers, It probably does not need to be said to this audience, but many, Other variants were based on the Type VIIC design and will both areas had drop-leaf tables serving as both workspace and many books have been written on the subject of Germany’s U-boats, be only briefly mentioned here: eating areas. Between the officer’s wardroom and the control with many of them focusing on the Battle of the Atlantic. There also • Type VIIC/41—A thicker-skinned version of the VIIC and room, located on the port side, was the commander’s cabin. A is not complete agreement as to the relative success or failure of was the version built with the slightly longer bow known as the cloth curtain served to provide the CO with at least a minimum of the Ubootwaffe, however certain major facts are indisputable. ‘Atlantiksteven’, the Atlantic Bow, for better seakeeping. privacy. To starboard of the commander’s cabin would be found When war broke out on September 3, 1939, Germany had only • Type VIIC/42—This was to be a version where fundamental the sound room and the radio room. Beneath these spaces were 39 U-boats available for operations. The remaining 18 were in design changes were to be made in order to greatly increase the forward battery room and the magazine. various stages of being worked up for frontline duty. From this range, surface speed, and operational depth. Orders for construc- • Control Room (Zentrale)—The control room was where small beginning Germany went on to eventually wage a campaign tion were placed in advance of the design being finalized, this to the U-boat would be commanded while submerged. In this small of unrestricted warfare against merchant shipping that some allow the necessary materials to be gathered in the yards. Before watertight compartment were located all the necessary controls have said came very close to bringing about the surrender of work on any of the VIIC/42 variants could begin, all orders were for operating the dive planes and rudders, located at the forward Great Britain. cancelled in favor of concentrating on the new designs then end and along the starboard side. The myriad valves for con- The Ubootwaffe was principally made up of the Type VII and thought to be able to change the course of the war. trolling the ballast tanks and other ‘hard’ tanks were located along Type IX classes of U-boats. Decisions made early on (mentioned • Type VIIC/43—This would have essentially been an upgraded the port side. In the center of this space were the shafts for the earlier) resulted in most of the U-boat building program being Type VIIC/42 but with six bow and four stern tubes, effectively two periscopes, the larger sky periscope forward and the smaller devoted to building the shorter-ranged Type VII class. Without the doubling the number of torpedo tubes. This sub-class variant was attack periscope aft. The space beneath was divided into three ability to refuel, it was generally held that operations utilizing the also cancelled in favor of continuing work on the VIIC/41 and /42. sections, two internal fuel tanks (fore and aft) and a ‘hard’ ballast Type VII would be held to the North Atlantic. With the principle • Type VIID—A mine-laying version built by adding a large hull tank (center). convoy engagements expected to be centered around the traffic section immediately aft of the conning tower, it could carry up • After Accommodation and Galley (Unteroffizierraum and coming into and leaving the U.K., the Type VII would be the right to fifteen mines in vertically arranged launch tubes. A total of six Küche)—Immediately aft of the control room was the space for boat for the right campaign. boats of this class variant were built. the petty officers. The width of this section of pressure hull was There were three periods of U-boat activity that especially stand • Type VIIE—A paper design exercise intended to test light- not completely given over to living space: outboard of the bunks out, two of them considered to be ‘good’ for the Ubootwaffe weight two-stroke diesels. The weight saved in the engines would were the internal fuel bunkers, leaving just enough room for two and a final, third period, which would ultimately prove disastrous. have been utilized in a thicker pressure hull to allow a deeper rows of bunks and a minimal aisle between. Aft of the bunk space The first was known as the “Happy Time,” and coincided with the submerged depth. would be found the galley, pantry and the aft head. Beneath this capitulation of France and the establishing of the U-boat bases • Type VIIF—The “milch kühe” or “milk cow” resupply space was located the aft battery room. along the French Atlantic coast. This was during the summer of submarine. Like the VIID, these boats had a large hull section • Engine Room (Dieselmotorenraum)—The two diesels 1940 and on through the early spring of 1941. This happy period eventually ended as Allied ASW forces gradually learned how to better protect their convoys and engage the U-boats. This photo shows the most The second period was the six months immediately following obvious external differences the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The East Coast of the between the Type VIIA and the United States was for all practical purposes undefended and Type VIIB/C: the VIIA had an there was no blackout instituted; the civilian population was still external torpedo tube which going about their business as if nothing had happened. Enter into could not be reloaded while at this the unleashing of battle-trained U-boat crews. The sinkings of Allied merchant shipping, especially tankers, rose alarmingly. sea. Later variants moved the This was the now-famous Operation Paukenschlag (Drumbeat). It tube internally. should be noted that it didn’t help that at this same time the Allies temporarily lost the ability to read Enigma-based message traffic. A number of factors worked to end this “second happy time” for the Ubootwaffe, these including institution of convoys along the Atlantic coast and the availability of naval escort vessels. The U-boat campaign reached its zenith in March, 1943 with the highest level of merchant ship sinkings seen throughout the

24 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 25 war. However this success was quickly overshadowed by a sudden Centimetric Radar turnaround in May with merchant ship sinkings dramatically falling One of the best tactical tools available to the Allies was along with a deadly rise in U-boat sinkings. A number of different centimetric radar. This form of very short wavelength radar factors came together at this time to essentially give the Allies allowed surfaced U-boats to be readily identified and tracked. the final victory in the Battle of the Atlantic. Even if the U-boat was only showing a periscope, a good radar The Code War operator could still locate the U-boat. For too long the German Two important code-related events occurred during this period. High Command continued to attribute the Allies’ uncanny ability The first was the Allied effort to break back into the Naval Enigma to locate individual U-boats to radio direction finding. (RDF was code. During the beginning of offensive operations off the North a useful tool, but not exact enough often enough.) American coast (Operation Drumbeat), the German navy changed Offensive Operations their Enigma code system to include a fourth rotor. This new version, With the entry of the United States into the European war, the called Triton by the Germans and named Shark by the Allies, took massive industrial capability of that nation was unleashed. As over a year for the Allies to recover proficiency in decoding. Partial convoy escorts became numerous enough to provide defensive ability to decode was restored during the Spring of 1943 with cover for the convoys, additional resources were allocated to complete and permanent mastery of Naval Enigma by the fall “hunter-killer groups.” These typically consisted of a small escort of the same year. At this point the Allies could reconstruct rotor carrier (CVE) and five or six destroyer escorts whose primary setting changes within 24 hours for the remainder of the war. mission was not defending the convoy, but rather to take the The ability to read the Naval Enigma traffic meant that virtually battle directly to the U-boats. When combined with operational 35 every operational message sent to or from U-boats was being intelligence obtained through Enigma decrypts, the Allies were read faster than the Germans could read them themselves. able to locate and sink important assets like the “milch” cows 8 On the flip side, the Germans’ radio intelligence service necessary to sustain the short-ranged Type VII U-boats for North (B-Dienst) had been reading with almost complete efficiency the Atlantic operations. 130 British codes used by the Allies to communicate with the merchant The Final Years convoys. This allowed U-boats to be sent with accuracy directly As a direct result of the convoy battles of May, 1943, Admiral F D D to the convoys, often with devastating results. It was only when Dönitz withdrew the operational U-boats from the North Atlantic the Allies determined their codes had been compromised and while promising to restart the offensive when the anticipated finally changed to a new convoy code that the Germans lost their technological advances in U-boats were finally ready. But even USSVI SCHOLARSHIP FUND ability to easily find and attack this shipping. This too occurred those few advances in weapons which did make it into operation in the Spring of 1943. failed to make any real impact on the eventual outcome. Advanced DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD weapons like the T-5 Zaunkonig homing torpedo were anticipated by the Allies and countermeasures quickly made available to DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD counter the threat. For the final two years of World War Two in Europe, the Type VII U-boat (as well as the Type IX) was no longer able to serve as an effective offensive weapon. By December 1943 roughly 20 percent of boats at sea were being sunk. The life expectancy was only going to get worse. Even the much-anticipated Type XXI electroboot was, at best, too little and definitely too late. The Allies knew of the existence A gathering of Submariners of this new submarine and were successfully able to impact the German construction program that was bringing these boats into existence. WESTERN REGION ROUNDUP References: There are a very large number of books available dealing with NOVEMBER 1-6 2020 the various aspects of the Battle of the Atlantic—from the battles themselves, to the men and the equipment. The following is my “short list” of those that I found to be the most useful for writing this article. German U-boat Type VII. Siegfried Breyer. Schiffler Military Details and Registration at History. 1999. Hitler’s U-Boat War, Vols. 1 & 2. Clay Blair Jr. Random wrroundup.com House. 1998. Submarines of World War Two. Erminio Bagnasco. Naval Institute Press. 1977. Type VII U-boats. Robert C. Stern. Naval Institute Press. 1991. U-boats: The Illustrated History of the Raiders of the Deep. David Miller. Brassey’s. 2000. U-boats. Anthony Preston. E.P. Dutton. 1978. The U-Boat: The evolution and technical history of German submarines. Eberhard R.ssler. Naval Institute Press. 1989. Vom Original zum Modell: Uboottyp VII C. Fritz Köhl & Axel Niestle. Bernard & Graef Verlag. 1994.

U-552 back from patrol. The two lines of white triangular flags This article was originally published in The SubCommittee Report UNITED STATES SUBMARINE VETERANS, INC. give witness to what must have been a successful patrol. and is reprinted here with permission.

26 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 27 Sponsor Base Boat/Organization Dallas Lesley P.C. Stryker Jr. USS Michigan (SSGN-727), USS Newport News (SSN-750), USS San Juan (SSN-751), USS Texas (SSN-775), USS Montana (SSN-794), CSG-7, NROTC thank you Pelican Harbor Base Pelican Harbor USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) Anthony Ucci Peoria USS North Dakota (SSN-784) MEMBERS & BASES Charles Boushley Perch USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) The USSVI Boat Sponsorship Program succeeds thanks to the generous support of the members James Denzien Sr. Perch USS Albany (SSN-753), USS Alexandria (SSN-757) and bases who sponsor submarines and organizations through annual subscriptions to the Davy Jones Perch USS Iowa (SSN-797), USS Columbia (SSBN-826), Naval Operational Support Center Phoenix American Submariner. We are pleased to acknowledge the following individuals and bases who Don Schafer Perch USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) made contributions between May 28, 2019 and April 28, 2020. George Woods Perch USS Hartford (SSN-768) Alan Dempsey Pocono USS Montana (SSN-794) Razorback Base Razorback USS Providence (SSN-719), USS Minnesota (SSN-783), USS Montana (SSN-794), Sponsor Base Boat/Organization USS Oklahoma (SSN-802), 3 Schools John McCarthy Albany Saratoga Albany Straton VA Medical Center Thurston Hahn Jr. Redfish USS Louisiana (SSBN-743) Darrell McKinley Albemarle Sound USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) Requin Base Requin USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709), USS Ohio (SSBN-726) (Blue/Gold), David Miller Area 51 USS Montana (SSN-794) USS Pennsylvania (SSBN-735) (Blue/Gold), USS West Virginia (SSBN-736) (Blue/Gold), Barb Base Barb USS Alabama (SSBN-731) (Blue/Gold), USS Alaska (SSBN-732) (Blue/Gold) Charles Weeks Robalo USS North Dakota (SSN-784) Batfish Base Batfish USS Montana (SSN-794) Thomas Arrington Sailfish USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) Bowfin Base Bowfin USS Columbia (SSBN-826) Gerold Davey Scorpion USS South Dakota (SSN-790) Bowfin Base Bowfin USS Tucson (SSN-770), USS North Carolina (SSN-777) Danny Grace Sea Poacher Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) Michael Sharp Bremerton USS San Francisco (SSN-711), USS Oregon (SSN-793), Oregon State NROTC Marty Luther Smoky Mountain USS Tennessee (SSBN-734) (Gold), USS Kentucky (SSBN-737) (Blue), David Banister Buffalo USS Greeneville (SSN-772), USS Columbia (SSBN-826) USS Asheville (SSN-758), USS North Carolina (SSN-777) John Radens Buffalo USS Maine (SSBN-741) (Blue) Kenneth Lee South Florida Perdue University NROTC Dan Moss Bullhead Alberquerque NROTC South Florida Base South Florida USS Nebraska (SSBN-739) (Blue), USS Rhode Island (SSBN-740) (Blue/Gold) Steve Bell Carolina Piedmont COMSUBRON 12, 15 Howard Lehman Tang Base USS Columbia (SSBN-826) Harold Scott Central Texas USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) Tang Base Tang Base USS Helena (SSN-725), USS Virginia (SSN-774), USS California (SSN-781), Disabled American Vets, FL Raymond Pease Charleston USS Kentucky (SSBN-737) Herbert Wise USS Snook USS North Dakota (SSN-784) USS Chicago Base USS Chicago Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709), USS San Francisco (SSN-711, USS Chicago (SSN-721), USS Louisville Virginia Base Virginia USS Virginia (SSN-774) (SSN-724), USS Michigan (SSGN-727) (Gold), USS Florida (SSGN-728) (Gold), USS Minnesota John Wankowski Wisconsin USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) (SSN-783), USS Cheyenne (SSN-773), USS Seawolf (SSN-21), USS Nevada (SSBN-733), Northwestern James Irwin Albany-Saratoga USS Greeneville (SSN-772) University NROTC, U.S. Naval Academy, Northwestern University NROTC, Illinois Veterans Home, Albany-Saratoga Base Albany-Saratoga USS Key West (SSN-722) Pritzker Military Library, North Chicago VA Medical Center, Harold L. Richards NJROTC, USS Asheville Base USS Asheville USS Springfield (SSN-761), USS North Dakota (SSN-784) Nuclear Power Training Unit, Goosecreek, SC William Pedneau Jr. Baton Rouge USS Boise (SSN-764) Walter Meyer Cincinnati USS North Dakota (SSN-784) Carl McCargo Bay State West USS Virginia (SSN-774) Cowtown Base Cowtown USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709), USS Connecticut (SSN-22) Michael Johnson Big Apple USS Louisville (SSN-724), USS Kentucky (SSBN-737), USS Scranton (SSN-756) Egg Harbor Base Egg Harbor USS Kentucky (SSBN-737) (Blue/Gold), USS Maine (SSN-741) Don Noyes Bonefish USS North Carolina (SSN-727) Grayback Base Grayback USS Georgia (SSGN-729) (Blue/Gold) John Peters Bowfin USS Conecticut (SSN-22) Don Jacobson Great Lakes USS Connecticut (SSN-22) Brazos Valley Base Brazos Valley USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709), USS New Jersey (SSN-796) Del Biondo Groton USS Connecticut (SSN-22) Bremerton Base Bremerton USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN-730) (Blue/Gold), USS Louisiana (SSBN-743) (Blue/Gold), James Streeter Groton USS Connecticut (SSN-22) Submarine Base Bangor Haddo Base USS Haddo USS Tennessee (SSBN-734) (Gold), USS Kentucky (SSBN-737) (Blue), Joseph Finotti Bremerton USS Massachusetts (SSN-798) USS Asheville (SSN-758), USS North Carolina (SSN-777) Carolina Piedmont Base Carolina Piedmont USS Tennessee (SSBN-734) (Blue/Gold), USS Albany (SSN-753) Kenneth Caye Harder USS North Dakota (SSN-784) Central Florida Base Central Florida USS Topeka (SSN-754), USS Jefferson City (SSN-759), USS Mississippi (SSN-782), ROTC Richard Magnuson Hawkbill USS North Dakota (SSN-784) Joseph Keller Central Texas USS North Dakota (SSN-784) Bob Smiley Hoosier USS Indiana (SSN-789) Michael Price Charleston USS Helena (SSN-725), USS Nevada (SSBN-733) Hudson Valley Base Hudson Valley VA Hudson Valley Health Care System Jon Sheller Chesapeake USS Louisiana (SSBN-743) (Blue) USS Illinois Base USS Illinois USS Illinois (SSN-786) Amos Goldsberry Cuttlefish Arco (ARDM-5), USS Emory S. Land (AS-39), USS Frank Cable (AS-40), Boston VA Clinic Bruce Pickering USS Illinois VA Clinic, Janesville, WI Peter Filodoro Dallas USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709), USS New Jersey (SSN-796) Keystone Base Keystone USS Toledo (SSN-769), USS Vermont (SSN-792), USS Oregon (SSN-793) James Sutherland Denizens of the Deep USS Florida (SSGN-728), USS Mississippi (SSN-782) Maine Base Maine USS Maine (SSBN-741) Dolphin Base Dolphin USS Alabama (SSBN-731), (Blue/Gold), USS Alaska (SSBN-732) (Blue/Gold), John Starbird Jr. Maine USS Maine (SSBN-741) (Blue) USS Maryland (SSBN-738) (Blue/Gold), USS Nebraska (SSBN-739) (Blue/Gold), Gerald Milan MAL USS Hyman G. 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28 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 29 Sponsor Base Boat/Organization John Lindstedt Great Lakes USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN-730)     2020  USSVI OFFICIAL BALLOT  2020 Hampton Roads Base Hampton Roads USS Massachusetts (SSN-798) Jersey Shore Jersey Shore USS Columbia (SSN-721) Bill Moak LA-Pasadena USS Albany (SSN-753) VOTE FOR ONLY ONE CANDIDATE FOR EACH OFFICE Robert Bachman Long Island USS Texas (SSN-775) National Officer Candidates Regional Director Candidates Frank Hood Marblehead USS Massachusetts (SSN-798) Vote for a Director in your region only. William Pannell Mare Island USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) (3 years) VOTE National Commander Any other vote will be rejected. Timothy Dilworth Montana USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709)  Wayne Standerfer, Dallas Base Northeast Region Director Nathanael Greene Base Nathanael Greene USS North Carolina (SSN-777) Write-in Bruce McCutcheon New Jersey North USS Pennsylvania (SSN-735), USS Maryland (SSBN-738), USS West Virginia (SSBN-736) (Blue/Gold)  Leslie Altschuler, New Jersey North Base National Senior Vice Commander New Jersey South Base New Jersey South USS Springfield (SSN-761),USS Hampton (SSN-767), USS Missouri (SSN-780), Write-in USS Mississippi (SSN-782),  Jon Jaques, Volunteer Base Southeast Region Director Northern Virginia Base Northern Virginia USS North Dakota (SSN-784) Write-in Howard Chatham Northern Virginia USS Texas (SSN-775) 2020  Ken Nichols, Nautilus Base National Junior Vice Commander Palmetto Base Palmetto Base USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) NATIONAL ELECTION Write-in Thomas Burgess Pelican Harbor USS Nevada (SSBN-733) (Gold)  Steve Bell, Carolina Piedmont Base Central Region Director Richard Noreika Perch USS Toledo (SSN-769) Write-in Enrile Trinidad Razorback USS Kentucky (SSBN-737)  Tom Williams, Brazos Valley Base National Secretary Jimmy Wilson Scamp USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-709) Write-in Sea Dragon Base Sea Dragon USS Asheville (SSN-758)  Ray Wewers, Razorback Base VOTING INFORMATION Western Region Director Edgar Hanemann III Southern Colorado USS Kentucky (SSBN-737) (Gold) Write-in  Victor Van Horn, Perch Base USS Springfield Base USS Springfield USS Springfield (SSN-761), USS North Dakota (SSN-784) The preferred voting method is online National Treasurer Stanley Putthoff Topeka-Jefferson USS Conecticut (SSN-22) at ussvi.org. Select “Vote in Poll” Write-in  Ronald Dube Treasure Coast USS Growler (SSG-577) from the options on the left. Paul Hiser, Tarheel Base Tri-State Base Tri-State USS Hartford (SSN-768) Online voting will be available beginning Write-in Ronald Swetnam USS Chicago USS Indiana (SSN-789) at 0001 on June 18, 2020. Ed Chimahusky USS Toledo USS Toledo (SSN-769) PROPOSED AMENDMENTS (PA’s) TO THE USSVI CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS Whether voting online or by paper ballot, each member must complete (For each PA, vote either “for” or “against” the proposed change) their own ballot. PA-2020-1— Scheduling of Audit Review Committee Meeting The mid-term Board of Directors meetings are now being conducted by way of a telecon- Proxy voting (members casting ference. This will remove the restrictive time that was dictating when the audit was to Send three American Submariner ballots for other members) is not be held. allowed. While members may assist subscriptions to your favorite boat! other members in preparing their  FOR  AGAINST ! • Sponsorhip is only $30 a year ballots, the member must complete PA 2020-02 — Combines Long Range Planning, Public Relations and e their paper ballot in their own hand. ng Publicity Committees u $ Pl • Add a USSVI Calendar for only 7 more e Proxy ballots will be rejected. To combine two committees into a single more effective unit under one chairman. h  FOR  AGAINST t Mail your USSVI Boat Sponsorship Program Mail completed ballots to: check to: P.O. Box 3870 Tom Conlon, PNC PA 2020-03 — Scheduling of Board of Directors Mid-Term Meeting e Silverdale, WA 98398-3870 USSVI Election Master The mid-term BOD meetings are now being conducted by way of a teleconference. k Please indicate BSP and the name 8 Davis Avenue This will remove the restrictive time that was dictating when the meeting was to be held. of the sponsored boat or organization in Harrison, NJ 07029  FOR  AGAINST a the memo field of your check T Online voting ends at 2359 on PA 2020-04 — Addresses Vacancies of National Officers August 17, 2020. To remove the implied dictate that the National Senior Vice Commander is the only Board of Directors member that can assume the position of National Commander. Paper ballots must be received  FOR  AGAINST by the Election Master no later than ✓ Reach potential new members August 17, 2020 to be counted. PA 2020-05 — Removes Section 2 of Constitution And Bylaws Article XIX by sending three annual Ballots received after this date will The current policy is overly restrictive and counterproductive to the conduct of new subscriptions of American not be counted. business at the annual business meeting. Submariner to the boat or  FOR  AGAINST organization of your choice SUBMARINES IN NEED OF ADDITIONAL SPONSORS The duties of the various officers are USS Columbia (SSN-721) USS Montana (SSN-794) Questions? specified in the USSVI Bylaws and can PA 2020-06 — Modifies Wording of USSVI Creed ✓ First-time sponsors receive a To correct grammar used in our purpose/creed. USS Connecticut (SSN-22) USS North Dakota (SSN-784) Jack Messersmith be read on the USSVI website. Boat Sponsorship Patch  FOR  AGAINST USS Delaware (SSN-791) USS Kentucky Blue (SSBN-737) (928) 227-7753 ✓ All sponsors entered into the USS Greeneville (SSN-772) USS Kentucky Gold (SSBN-737) or e-mail PA 2020-07 — Board of Directors Members May Not Serve on Board of Inquiry quarterly Boat Model Giveaway USS Helena (SSN-725) USS Maine Blue (SSBN-741) [email protected] Removes possibility of Board of Directors bias during the Board of Inquiry process. drawing (one entry per USS Hyman G. Rickover (SSN-795)  FOR  AGAINST sponsorship)—a $500 value NAME: BASE:

30 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 31 NATIONAL CANDIDATE STATEMENTS REGIONAL CANDIDATE STATEMENTS

National National Senior National Northeast Central Western Commander Vice Commander Secretary Regional Director Regional Director Regional Director Wayne Standerfer Jon Jaques Ray Wewers Les Altschuler Tom Williams Victor P. Van Horn

Shipmates, It has been a pleasure to serve as your I am pleased to announce my candidacy I’m Les Altschuler, and I’m asking for I am pleased to announce my If I am elected you have my word that I am running for reelection as your National Senior Vice Commander for the for National Secretary, a position I have your vote to be reelected for another term candidacy for reelection as USSVI Central I will fulfill this position to the best of my National Commander. past term. I hope you will consider me for held for the past six years. as your Northeast Regional Director. Regional Director. ability and I will accept the responsibility Being a practitioner of the “KISS” a second term. I feel that I have learned the job Having served as your Northeast Regional I was appointed to the Board of that this position requires. principle, I will keep my biography as brief After joining USSVI in the mid-1990s, sufficiently to be able to continue and Director since 2016, I have learned a lot Directors in September of 2017, was My qualifications are these: as possible. I was the founder of the Volunteer Base, improve my service in this position. as a productive and voting member of the elected to serve in 2018, and have • Past base commander for USS covering all of Tennessee, and was base I am a charter member of Razorback • Dallas Base Commander (3 years) Board of Directors. faithfully served since then. Chicago Base (2004-2007). commander from 1999-2012. Base in Arkansas, where I have served as • Central Region District Four Commander I enlisted in the USNR submarine I served as a Chief Quartermaster • Served as Central Region Vice District I served as National Treasurer from vice commander for four years, and base (3 years) program in 1963, and served in the Naval and assistant navigator on both SSN Two Commander from 2007-2010. 2003-2008 and National Senior Vice commander for four years. I was Central • Central Region Director (4 years) Reserve for four years with two years and SSBN submarines. I feel qualified to • Served as Central Region District Two Commander from 2008-2012, helping Region District One Commander for • National Senior Vice Commander active duty on USS Tigrone (AGSS-419), lead the Central Region with confidence, Commander from 2010-2016. to implement some of the accounting five years. (2 years) where I qualified in 1966 and attained the maturity, and wisdom. I will retire this • Selected as 2012 National District practices and stewardship framework I am active in the restoration of USS • National Commander (2018 to present) rate of ETN3(SS). fall from a challenging career with the Commander of the Year. to which we now adhere. Razorback and have participated in five I have been a life member of USSVI Texas Department of Transportation as • At one time I covered 17 bases from I am a USSVI Life Member, Holland By trade, I work as a CPA and CFP and Razorback burial at sea ceremonies. and Long Island Base since 1981, and a a new construction bridge inspector, seven states very effectively. Club member, and honored to be a have had my accounting practice for I have been the USSVCF Memorial recipient of the Robert Link Award in 2011 life member of New Jersey North Base and to devote the necessary time and • I have the membership at the forefront 29 years. Chairman for six years and was reappointed and the Joe Negri Award in 2012. since 2004, where I served as base dedication to USSVI. of my thoughts. I appreciate your consideration and by the USSVCF President in 2018. Since assuming my current position as commander for nearly 14 years. I served I served as base commander of • The WWII members are a critical part of vote for a second term as NSVC. My wife, Barbara, and I have missed only as the Northeast District Two Commander the organization and I support them in National Commander on October 26, 2018, two of the National Conventions since 1993 Central Texas Base from 2008 through Jon Jaques from 2011 to 2016. any way I can. I have had the privilege of working closely and were the co-chairs of the 2006 National 2012 when I moved to Austin and was In 2015 I received the Robert Link • I am dedicated to grow our organization and harmoniously with our present Nation- Convention in Little Rock, Arkansas. involved in the startup of the Los Brazos Award and the following year I was and to keep it going in the right direction. al Board of Directors, comprised of some I will do my best to perform the duties Base in 2015. I was appointed as Central of the most competent and caring mem- of the National Secretary in a professional inducted into the Holland Club in 2016. District Four Commander, and I have • Boat Sponsorship Program manager bers of USSVI. Working with this group has National Junior been elected three times to that position. from 2016-2018. Vice Commander and timely manner. Respectfully, made this period of time, despite being Feel free to contact me with any Les Altschuler In 2017 I was selected as District • 2016 Robert Link Award recipient. challenging at times, very enjoyable. Steve Bell questions or concerns. Commander of the Year and placed • USSV Charitable Foundation We have worked through and imple- committee member. Ray Wewers on the Board of Directors. mented solutions for many problems and I worked extensively with members of • Western Region District One Commander I served on active duty from 1962 (479) 967-5541 • [email protected] operational hang-ups, some of which until August 1982 and qualified on the Southeast Central District Four to put together an from 2018-present. had been lingering for several years. The Menhaden in 1963 in Yokosuka, Japan. Regional Director exciting and memorable 2019 National Now that you know a little more about cooperation generated by this Board of I joined USSVI in 1997 and served as me, I look forward to working with you, I was a plankowner on the Mariano G. Ken Nichols Convention in Austin, Texas. Directors, combined with their work ethic Vallejo and made four patrols in the base commander of Carolina Piedmont I am currently working hard on the and for you. of “get it done now and don’t put it off,” Pacific Fleet. Base from 2009-2015, Southeast Region I am a retired Chief Torpedoman, recruitment of a younger generation Respectfully, is why I am proud to say I am presently Following my instructor tour at District One Commander from 2012-2015, and am qualified on diesel and nuclear of submariners. District Four bases are Victor P. Van Horn serving as your National Commander. North Carolina SubVets Commander from Radioman A/B School in Bainbridge, submarines, both fast-attack and FBM. reporting on the interest shown by this But as is always the case, resting on 2010-2013, Southeast Regional Director Maryland, I earned an AAS in Electronic I am the current Southeast Regional new age group. our laurels is not an option. There is much from 2016-2018, and National Junior Vice Engineering at DelawareMar College in Cor- Director and the manager of the USSVI-CF We are dependent on the new breed more for USSVI to do and accomplish as Commander from 2018 to present. pus Christi, Texas, through the Navy’s Brotherhood Fund. of submariner coming from today’s an organization, and I am asking for the During my time as commander of Everything Associate Degree Completion Program). fleet to sustain our strength within our opportunity to lead us in this effort for Carolina-Piedmont, the base received the I served as the USSVI Southeast I returned to sea duty with tours on District Four commander for five years organization. Antiquated ideas will not another term. As I have stated in the past, Stonewall Jackson, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Link Award, two Meritorious Awards, you need to and I also served on the USSVI Board of attract younger and more energized I take immense pride in our community of and Archerfish. My final three years were three Golden Anchor Awards, and four  members to fill our ranks and take  Directors as the District Commander of submarine veterans, who we are, what on the staff of COMSUBDEVRON 12. Newsletter of the Year Awards, and two the Year. us forward. vote: we have done, and what we will continue Following my active service, I worked overall USSVI Newsletter of the Year Awards. I joined USSVI in 2012 and have served I wear my dolphins with pride, dignity, to do in the future, especially under with NAVSEA on both the Seawolf and I was awarded the Meritorious Award as vice commander and commander of and honor. What is important is that online now at experienced, caring leadership. Virginia-class submarines in support of the in 2011, Robert Link Award in 2012, District Nautilus Base. we belong to the same “Brotherhood The entire slate of candidates for our design and construction of the associated Commander of the Year in 2013, and of the Phin.” This philosophy will guide ussvi.org Board of Directors is running unopposed, radio rooms, managing the radio room received the Joe Negri Award in 2019. I fully support the United States me should I be elected to the Director’s but I am nonetheless asking that all of you budget for the Virginia-class in my five I live in Gastonia, North Carolina, with Submarine Veterans Creed. Online voting closes show your support for USSVI by voting for my wife Margie (Ma Bell). I would appreciate your vote and position. final years with NAVSEA. August 17, 2020 all of our candidates in this election. During my years with NAVSEA, I I would greatly appreciate your vote look forward to serving you and USSVI I respectfully ask for your Yours fraternally, received a BSEE from Pacific Western to continue serving USSVI. for the next two years. consideration and vote. Wayne Standerfer University in 1987 and MS in Professional Respectfully, Very respectfully, Respectfully, (972) 298-8139 • [email protected] Accounting from Strayer College in 1994. Steve Bell Ken Nichols Tom Williams

32 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 33 w

PROPOSED BYLAWS AMENDMENTS

PA 2020-1 PA 2020-4 PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE XVIII — COMMITTEES, SECTION 14, AUDIT REVIEW COMMITTEE, PARAGRAPH B AND C PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE XVI — OFFICERS, SECTION 1, NATIONAL OFFICERS Red = removed wording Green = added wording • The Audit Committee shall be comprised of the sitting Regional Directors, with the District Commander of the year serving as the al- Add the following Paragraph K to Article XVI, Section 1: ternate. The National Senior Vice-Commander shall notify the Audit Committee of the date the Audit is to be conducted which will be K. If, for any cause, the office of the National Commander, National Senior Vice Commander or National Junior Vice Commander shall immediately before the Mid-Term Meeting of the Board of Directors. The Audit Committee shall receive thirty (30) days’ notice of the date become vacant, the next officer in line shall assume the office for the unexpired term. If no such officer is available or agreeable to the Audit is to be conducted. The National Senior Vice-Commander will convene the meeting for the purpose of electing a Chairman to accepting the office, then a qualified and suitable replacement shall be appointed by the BOD to fill the unexpired term. conduct the Audit and will receive the completed written Audit from the elected Audit Chairman. Submitted by: Wayne Standerfer • Prior to the Mid-Term Board of Directors Meeting Audit, the National Treasurer shall provide copies of the financial records for the previ- ous calendar year in a suitable format for inspection by the Committee. Intent of the Author: To remove the implied dictate that the National Senior Vice Commander is the only BOD Member that can assume the position of National Commander. Submitted by: USSVI Constitution and By-Louisiana Committee Intent of the Author: The Mid-Term BOD Meetings are now being conducted by way of a Teleconference. This will remove the restrictive Cost to the Organization: Negligible to none. time that was dictating when the audit was to be held. Accepted by the USSVI BOD’s during the 2020 Mid-Term BOD Meeting.—USSVI BOD’s recommends the membership approve this change. Cost to the Organization: Negligible if any. Accepted by the USSVI BOD’s during the 2020 Mid-Term BOD Meeting.—USSVI BOD’s recommends the membership approve this change. PA 2020-5 PROPOSED REMOVAL OF SECTION 2 OF CONSTITUTION AND BYLAW ARTICLE XIX PA 2020-2 PROPOSED CONSOLIDATION OF ARTICLE XVIII — COMMITTEES, SECTIONS 4 AND 5 Red = removed wording Green = added wording Article XIX; Section 2 current verbiage: Section 2. Any issues to be brought by a regular member before the Convention Business Meeting under new business shall be first Section 4. LONG RANGE PLANNING, PUBLIC RELATIONS AND PUBLICITY COMMITTEE presented to the Member's local base membership for approval. If approved, the issue shall be sent to the National Secretary at least 30 A. The Long-Range Planning, Public Relations and Publicity Committee shall be a Standing Committee. days prior to the next Convention Business Meeting for inclusion in the Meeting Agenda, along with the tally of the local base's vote, for B. The Long-Range Planning, Public Relations and Publicity Committee shall be chaired by a member who is chosen for his/her qualities the issue to be presented at the Convention Business Meeting. The tally of the vote shall be considered as binding. of experience and enthusiasm and shall be nominated by the National Commander and confirmed by the Board of Directors. The Com- Submitted by: Harrison Solt III mittee shall have as regular members other members as deemed necessary by the Chairman of the Committee and the Board of Direc- Intent of the Author: The current policy is overly restrictive and counterproductive to the conduct of new business at the ABM. tors. An administrative budget may be funded through an annual budget request to the National Senior Vice-Commander for inclusion Cost to the Organization: Negligible to none. in the USSVI National Budget. The Committee Chairman shall annually submit a report of the operations to the National Secretary for inclusion in the committee reports. such report is to be submitted no later than thirty (30) days prior to the National Convention. Accepted by the USSVI BOD’s during the 2020 Mid-Term BOD Meeting.—USSVI BOD’s recommends the membership approve this change. C. The duties of the Long-Range Planning, Public Relations and Publicity Committee shall include: 1. Conducting studies as requested by the Board of Directors to further the fraternal purpose and creed of the Organization. PA 2020-6 2. Publicly promoting a positive image of the Organization. PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE III — PURPOSE/CREED, SECTIONS 1 AND 2 3. Assisting all officers of the Organization in developing promotional materials to advertise the Organization and organizational events. Green = added wording • Red = removed wording D. Written reports and recommendations of the Committee shall be made to the Board of Directors prior to the meetings of the Board or upon Section 1. The purpose/creed of USSVI is to perpetuate the memory of our shipmates who gave their lives in the pursuit of their duties their request. while serving their country that their dedication, deeds, and supreme sacrifice may be a constant source of motivation toward greater Section 5 did not require any rewording. accomplishments, and to pledge loyalty and patriotism to the United States of America and its Constitution. Submitted by: Wayne Standerfer Section 2. In addition to perpetuating the memory of departed shipmates, we USSVI shall provide a way for all Submariners to gather for Intent of the Author: To combine two committees into a single more effect unit under one chairman. our mutual benefit and enjoyment. Our common heritage as Submariners shall be strengthened by camaraderie. We support The USSVI Cost to the Organization: Negligible to none. supports a strong U.S. Submarine Force. Accepted by the USSVI BOD’s during the 2020 Mid-Term BOD Meeting.—USSVI BOD’s recommends the membership approve this change. Submitted by: USSVI Constitution and By-Louisiana Committee PA 2020-3 Intent of the Author: To correct grammar used in our Purpose/Creed. Cost to the Organization: Can be excessive depending on number of Challenge Coins that include our Creed. PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE XII — MEETINGS, SECTION 2, Paragraph C BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETINGS Accepted by the USSVI BOD’s during the 2020 Mid-Term BOD Meeting. Green = added wording • Red = removed wording The National BOD’s initially approved this change, but after in-depth thought after approval, DO NOT RECOMMEND APPROVING THIS PA C. MID-TERM BOD MEETING. The Mid-Term BOD Meeting time and place will be determined by the National Commander, with the concur- due to excessive updating requirements for numerous documents (By-laws, etc.) and retooling expense for numerous Chal- rence of the BOD. The National Commander shall give three (3) months’ notice of the meeting so arrangements for lodging and travel can be lenge Coins. made by all Board members and those members wishing to attend; except in the case when the meeting will be held by electronic medium. The purpose of the meeting will be to: PA 2020-7 1. Consider and conduct any organizational business as presented at the meeting. PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE XVIII — South Carolina15, Paragraph C 2. In election years, consider and approve proposed amendments to the Constitution and Bylaws for the ballot. Green = added wording 3. Review all Committee Reports and Committee progress up to this meeting. C. The Board of Inquiry shall consist of three (3) regular members in good standing who, in the judgment of the National Commander, 4. Conduct an Audit of the USSVI financial records. have the experience and judgment appropriate to handle discerning issues and who are not parties to the situation to be reviewed. 5. Determine sponsorship of the National Convention at least two (2) years hence. No member of the National Board Of Directors shall serve as a member of the Board of Inquiry. Submitted by: USSVI Constitution and By-Louisiana Committee Submitted by: Harrison Solt III Intent of the Author: The Mid-Term BOD Meetings are now being conducted by way of a Teleconference. This will remove the restrictive time that was dictating when the audit was to be held. Intent of the Author: To remove possibility of BOD bias during the Board of Inquiry process. Cost to the Organization: Negligible to none. Cost to the Organization: Negligible to none. Accepted by the USSVI BOD’s during the 2020 Mid-Term BOD Meeting.—USSVI BOD’s recommends the membership approve this change. Accepted by the USSVI BOD’s during the 2020 Mid-Term BOD Meeting.—USSVI BOD’s recommends the membership approve this change.

34 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 35 LOST BOATS

“I can assure you that they went down fighting and that their brothers who survived them took a grim toll of our savage enemy to avenge their deaths.” Admiral Charles A. Lockwood, USN

USS SQUALUS (SS-192) USS RUNNER (SS-275) Post World War II Losses 59 men on board. 78 men on board. USS STICKLEBACK (SS-415) Lost on 23 May 1939 when it flooded and Lost by possible Japanese mine 90 men on board. sank off Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The between Midway Island and Japan Lost on 28 May 1958 after being rammed on boat was salvaged and recommissioned as in June 1943. exercises off Hawaii by USS Sailfish (SS-192). All hands lost. USS Silverstein (DD-534). 26 men lost. USS GUDGEON (SS-211) All crew safely evacuated prior USS O-9 (SS-70) 78 men on board. to sinking. 34 men on board. Lost during a Japanese air and Lost on 20 June 1941 when it foundered off USS THRESHER (SSN-593) surface attack on 12 May 1944 in 129 men on board. the Isle of Shoals, 15 miles from Portsmouth, the Northern Marianas. New Hampshire. Lost on 10 April 1963 during a test dive off the All hands lost. All hands lost. New England coast. Sinking most likely due USS GOLET (SS-361) to failure of a seawater intake piping weld. USS S-27 (SS-132) 84 men on board. All hands lost. 44 men on board. Lost during a Japanese surface Grounded on 19 June 1942 off Amchitka Island. USS SCORPION (SSN-589) attack off Honshu, Japan, on All the crew were rescued by Navy PBYs six 99 men on board. 14 June 1944. days later. Lost on 22 May 1968 due to unknown No loss of life. All hands lost. causes 400 miles southwest of the Azores USS SNOOK (SS-279) in the Atlantic. USS PICKEREL (SS-177) All hands lost. 74 men on board. 84 men on board. Lost on 8 April 1945 to unknown Lost by Japanese surface attack Finally, we remember all the brave off Honshu, Japan, on 3 April 1943. causes off Formosa. submariners who died in the course All hands lost. All hands lost. of their duties aboard submarines, USS GRENADIER (SS-210) USS LAGARTO (SS-371) 61 men on board. 85 men on board. some individually and some in groups, Lost on 22 April 1943, ten miles west of Lem Lost on 3 May 1945 in the Gulf of Siam during but where the submarine itself was Voalan Strait in Indian Ocean. Scuttled after a Japanese surface attack. not lost. being badly damaged by bombs. 61 men were All hands lost. taken prisoner, 57 survived the war. USS HERRING (SS-233) 4 men died as pow. 84 men on board. USS R-12 (SS-89) Lost on 1 June 1944 by a Japanese shore battery 45 men on board. and surface craft off Matsuwa Island, Kuriles. Lost off Key West, Florida, to unknown causes All hands lost. on 12 June 1943. USS BONEFISH (SS-223) 42 Men lost, 3 survived. 86 men on board. Lost on 18 June 1945 when it was sunk in Toyama Wan in the Sea of Japan. All hands lost.

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38 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 39 NEW MEMBERS

Last Name First Name Qual. Boat Last Name First Name Qual. Boat Last Name First Name Qual. Boat Heppner William A. 1972 Abraham Lincoln Beckwith Robert E. 1972 Jack Kazmark David 1967 Queenfish NEW SUBSCRIBERS INVITED! Eliason William Thomas 1990 Alabama Dean Mark M. 1977 Jack Fox Jr. Kenneth 1960 Raton EMAIL [email protected] Gillespie Brent 1990 Alabama Hickman Carl 1989 Jack Heyer Alfred 2014 Rhode Island for a free bi-weekly e-newsletter Corcoran Kevin 2004 Albany Jubinski Nicholas 1969 Jack Compton Jeffery 1986 Richard B. Russell Tilson James D. 1975 Andrew Jackson Brenton Kevin Ryan 1987 Jacksonville Moore William Gregory 1993 Richard B. Russell Lee Craig F. 1978 Aspro Calles Jose R. 2012 Jacksonville Thomas William A. 1974 Robert E. Lee INTERESTING (NUCLEAR) TIMES Scott Marlo V. 1961 Aspro Curtis Paul F. 1964 Jallao Demboski Richard H. 1961 Sabalo Hosford William G. 1965 Atule Cooper James C. 1984 James K. Polk Kaye Larry 1959 Sablefish Coers Jared L. 1994 Augusta Fjellanger Rudolph J. 1986 James K. Polk Cuddy Stephen 2014 San Francisco Collins Marshall D. 1989 Barb Schey Stephen L. 1975 James K. Polk McCoy Michael Brett 1992 San Francisco BEDROCK TRUTHS SUPPORTING AMERICA’S DETERRENCE POSTURE Donald Kirkland H. 1978 Batfish Brown Kenneth A. 1975 James Madison Ozkaya Mehmet Sinan 2013 San Juan PEER-REVIEWED BY EXPERTS Johnson Mark Randall 1990 Batfish Slone Richard Edward 1977 James Monroe Farson Daniel P. 1982 Sand Lance STRICTLY PRO BONO RESEARCH AND RIGOROUS McFarland Keith Allen 1981 Batfish Nunnally Phillip B. 1980 John Adams Snyder Frank 1976 Sargo THOUGHT PIECES ASSURE OBJECTIVITY Cosby Bruce W. 1981 Baton Rouge Rosenstein Hyman L. 1971 John Adams Wheeldon Ronald E. 1980 Scamp also coming soon Curts Tom W. 1968 Blueback Stawasz Albert J. 1965 John Adams Porter William R. 1964 Sea Robin A new 220-page Joe Buff ebook for sale on Amazon McArthur Robert H. 1967 Bluegill Hale Jr. Bennet R. 1986 John C. Calhoun Blackburn David L. 1978 Seadragon ON 21st CENTURY NUCLEAR DETERRENCE – VOLUME 1 Nesbitt Fred 1965 Charr Heins Kenneth S. 1968 John Marshall Christensen Jr. Earl Gilbert 1976 Seahorse Revised and updated from I(N)T issues 1-7 Hershman Donald Terry 1968 Chivo Walz John E. 1968 John Marshall Taeusch Ben 1954 Sealion Will be a free gift to all subscribers! Lewis Kevin 1982 City of Corpus Christi Wood Bryan D. 1974 John Marshall Van Buskirk Scott R. 1983 Seawolf Way Darrin 1994 City of Corpus Christi Chew Joseph G. 2018 John Warner Strickland Martin Eugene 1978 Simon Bolivar SUBSCRIBE FREE TODAY AT Coers Keeghan 2019 Colorado Cunningham Anthony R. 1972 Kamehameha Hogue Bob 1974 Skate joebu [email protected] Yutzy Matt S. 2005 Columbia Jackson Justin 1994 Kentucky Pinta Charles E. 1972 Skipjack Otero Ren’e R. 1984 Dace Urdiales Alfred L. 2007 Key West Kutscher Austin C. 2019 South Dakota Aitken Kenneth M. 1983 Dallas Rose Don L. 1977 Lewis and Clark Middleton William E. 2019 South Dakota Palasik Daniel J. 1982 Daniel Boone Pando Fred R. 1974 Los Angeles Matters Bradley P. 1970 Spadefish Small Keith E. 1971 Daniel Boone Anderson Aaron E. 2017 Louisiana Felgenhauer Thomas 1973 Stonewall Jackson Cohen Jay M. 1970 Diodon Koppa James A. 1969 Mariano G. Vallejo Hart Lawrence J. 1977 Stonewall Jackson Graham Stephen L. 2015 Florida Hassell Joshua A. 2009 Memphis Richardson Russell D. 1964 Stonewall Jackson Perez Bianca 2019 Florida Moreno Macario P. 2001 Miami Rice Larry W. 1972 Sturgeon Malone David 1976 Flying Fish White Tanner J. 2017 Mississippi Lough Donald W. 1976 Swordfish A Great Children’s Resource Clark Jr. Thomas F. 1968 Gato Blevins Timothy D. 1969 Narwhal Ridlen Craig A. 1973 Tang to Learn About Submarine Life Bender John 1978 George Bancroft McNeely David L. 1983 Nathan Hale Lovendale Paul C. 1972 Thomas A. Edison Hood David E. 1968 George C. Marshall Sibiga Michael 1964 Nathan Hale Bucco Jr. Joseph C. 1975 Tinosa Lavelle Daniel H. 1984 George C. Marshall Murphy Michael E. 1977 Nathanael Greene Sultzer Thomas C. 1974 Tinosa Middlesworth Keith M. 1971 George C. Marshall Fishbeck Richard 1962 Nautilus Webb Jr. Curtis E. 1976 Tinosa Follow the crew Powe Vernon E. 1989 George C. Marshall Kerrigan Timothy J. 2001 Nebraska Krause Larry I. 1962 Torsk as they set up Henclewski David R. 1972 George Washington MacGrath Seth Andrew 1998 Nebraska Pakidis Robert T. 1987 Trepang Walters Leo H. 1963 George Washington Costa Michael 2010 New Mexico Kenning Allen 1973 Trigger the ship and go Smith Kenneth D. 1961 Grampus Verkamp James M. 2012 North Carolina Bright James A. 1965 Trutta about their daily Coley Travis C. 1970 Greenling Alston Allen Z. 2016 North Dakota Propst Joel M. 1995 Tucson lives including: Talbott William Stanton 1952 Grouper Anderson Nicholas A. 2019 North Dakota Cole Barry 1964 Tunny Borris Christopher M. 1983 Guardfish Plunkard Phillip W. 2019 North Dakota Lilly Gregory S. 1975 Ulysses S. Grant eating, sleeping Oswood Eric R. 1973 Guitarro Hanson Paul 1986 Olympia Neville Kenneth 2010 Virginia and communicating Riddle George A. 1971 Guitarro Anderson David W. 1990 Parche Pratt Mark 2001 West Virginia with loved ones. Reisch James 1970 Haddock Stewart Eric 2018 Pasadena Kornacki James W. 1983 Whale Jackson Thomas L. 1992 Hammerhead Martin Howard H. 1973 Patrick Henry Mattocks Douglas M. 1970 Whale Child-appropriate Shoffner Joey 1978 Hammerhead Iverson Yale 1993 Philadelphia Allen Terry Michael 1982 William H. Bates definitions will serve Epp Nikolaus 1999 Hampton Godbee Rick 1983 Pintado Hewitt G. Michael 1967 Woodrow Wilson as a guide for adults Cummings Ernest L. 1963 Hardhead Viar Cyle B. 2016 Pittsburgh Robinson John T. 2013 Wyoming Davis Flynn J. 2006 Hartford Evick Dennis H. 1974 Plunger Borges Donna Associate who wish to teach Sullivan Patrick P. 2002 Hartford Karam Philip Andrew 1986 Plunger Casulli Patricia M. Associate young children about Strnad Robert A. 1988 Henry Clay Higgins Harry F. 1981 Pollack Christensen Linda Associate life on a submarine. Delano Kenneth H. 1973 Henry L. Stimson Miller David C. 1963 Pomfret Fishbeck Judy Hahn Associate Johnson III Avin E. 1991 Henry L. Stimson Weiss Kenneth 1963 Pomfret Hanby Anita Associate Kratovil J. Brad 1985 Houston Phelps James Robert 1981 Puffer Knight Kenneth Associate To order, please visit: Mitchell Thomas 1992 Houston Buffenmeyer Darrell 1979 Queenfish Palasik Marce Associate SubmarineColoringBook.com Peters Kenneth R. 1967 Irex Dickinson Robert Lee 1944 Queenfish Schmitz Louise Associate

40 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 41 UPCOMING BOAT REUNIONS

ORION PRINTING USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602) USS Finback (SSN-670) USS Lewis & Clark (SSBN-644) USS Salt Lake City (SSN-716) USS Trutta (SS-421) Customize your checks October 29-November 1, 2020 October 15-20, 2020 July 14-18, 2021 August 13-16, 2020 August 17-20, 2020 Orion Printing with an image of your Charlotte, NC Silverdale, WA Memphis, TN Charleston, SC Branson, MO boat, boat patch, logo, Gregory A. Crystal • (704) 608-9136 Joseph-Edward Aban • (503) 349-9157 Tom O'Donnell • (515) 779-1930 Brian Cassidy • (303) 979-6840 Larry Rose • 970-379-0734 personalhas photo ceased or drawing. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] FOR INFORMATION CALL USS Alaska (SSBN-732) USS Flying Fish (SSN-673) USS Mackerel (SST-1) USS Sam Houston (SSBN/SSN-609) USS Volador (SS-490) (320)operation. 384-6506 August 23, 2020 August 20-24, 2020 September 30-October 3, 2020 September 10-12, 2020 October 5-7, 2020 or email: [email protected] Bremerton, WA Virginia Beach, VA Little Rock, AR Omaha, NE Las Vegas, NV Owner Robert Cutrer Jr. • (601) 347-7545 George A. Perry • (757) 574-5259 John W. Delihanty • (503) 974-9305 Howard Dobson • (302) 764-1197 Andrew Steiner [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (928) 234-1932 MikeORDER ON Milano THE WEB AT USS Angler (SS-240) USS Greenfish (SS-351) USS Marlin (SST-2) USS Scamp (SSN-588) USS Wahoo (SS-565) ChecksByOrion.com September 13-16, 2020 September 24-28, 2020 September 30-October 3, 2020 May 17-21, 2021 April 29-May 1, 2021 NO CHARGEwishes FOR BASE to CHECKS Pigeon Forge, TN Gulf Shores, AL Little Rock, AR Rapid City, SD Pensacola, FL Brian Meagher • (706) 273-1931 Philip Johnson • (256) 682-9241 John W. Delihanty • (503) 974-9305 Rodney Stark • (702) 582-1424 Carol Ploeckelmann • (651) 429-6354 thank all [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Visit our website USS Bang (SS-385) USS Growler (SSG-577) USS Picuda (SS-382 USS Sea Cat (SS-399) USS Woodrow Wilson (SSBN-624) ChecksByOrion.comof his August 26-30, 2020 September 8-11, 2020 August 17-20, 2020 October 7-11, 2020 September 3-7, 2020 to view our Washington DC Tucson, AZ Memphis, TN Summerville, SC Herndon, VA complete selection Eric Erickson • (978) 491-0114 Michael Ken Perrett • (520) 749-0762 Larry Rose • 970-379-0734 Dave Garraway • (770) 571-5263 Melvin Cross • (360) 271-9830 loyalof customerscustomized [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Checks forReturn their Address years Labels USS Barracuda (was K-1) (SSK-1) USS Halibut (SSN-587) USS Quillback (SS-424) USS Sea Devil (SSN-664) USS Wyoming (SSBN-742) Business Cards September 30-October 3, 2020 October 11-15, 2020 August 17-20, 2020 April 21-25, 2021 July 23-26, 2021 Watermark Note Pads Little Rock, AR Fredricksburg, TX Memphis, TN Williamsburg, VA Cheyenne, WY of support John W. Delihanty • (503) 974-9305 Roy Armstrong • (808) 429-6727 Larry Rose • 970-379-0734 Nathaniel Short • (253) 670-5718 Brandon Shreffler • (918) 381-0360 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] USS Batfish (SSN-681) USS Henry L. Stimson (SSBN-655) USS Rasher (SS-269) USS Sea Leopard (SS-483) October 14-18, 2020 October 7-11, 2020 September 16-20, 2020 May 6-8, 2021 Groton, CT Cincinnati, OH LaPorte, TX Manitowoc, WI ARMED FORCES RETIREMENT HOME – WASHINGTON, D.C. AND GULFPORT MISS. William Maitland • (541) 210-7027 Richard L. Young • (513) 615-2910 Richard Moore • (804) 815-0730 Thomas Cushman • (260) 622-7648 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Affordable Independent USS Bergall (SS-320/SSN-667) USS Jallao (SS-368) USS Raton (SS-270) USS Seadragon (SSN-584) Living for Eligible Veterans! October 15-18, 2020 April 7-10, 2021 August 24-28, 2020 August 27-29, 2020 Jacksonville, FL Philadelphia, PA Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ The Armed Forces Retirement Bryan Waller • (616) 250-4858 Anthony C. Basilio • (610) 565-4243 Larry Kramer • (360) 697-2842 John Schwab • (575) 791-5658 Home is an affordable retirement [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] community for eligible veterans who served primarily in the enlisted ranks. USS Chopper (SS-342) USS James Polk (SSBN/SSN-645) USS Remora (SS-487) USS Skate (SSN-578) Whether it’s at our scenic, wooded campus September 16-20, 2020 October 8-11, 2020 November 4-8, 2020 August 30-September 3, 2020 in Washington, DC, or on the beach-side Mobile, AL Charleston, SC St. Marys, GA Orlando, FL campus in Gulfport, Miss., AFRH offers John M. Pearce • (423) 293-0272 Lou Leal • (843) 270-8870 Robert Sharpe • (860) 501-6161 Bill Anderson • (614) 496-4280 supportive care and shared camaraderie. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Deep Submergence Group USS John Marshall (SSBN-611) USS Robert E. Lee (SSBN-601) USS Threadfin (SS-410) INCLUDED: September 25-27, 2020 August 28-September 5, 2021 November 3-7, 2021 November 5-8, 2020 General Services: Major Amenities: Gulfport, Miss: Sam Diego, CA Orlando, FL Kings Bay, GA Jacksonville, FL Medical, Dental & Vision Private Room-Shower Walking Path to Beach Terry Owen • (505) 301-4349 Dave Cosgrove • (757) 876-8167 Joe White • (405) 410-9206 Stephen Kolb • (904) 646-3814 Wellness Program Internet-TV connection Outdoor Swimming Pool Recreational Activities Deluxe Fitness Center Ocean-view balconies [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Full Service Library Movie Theater Dining Facility Bowling Center Washington, DC: USS Diablo (SS-479) USS L. Mendel Rivers (SSN-686) USS Ronquil (SS-396) USS Tiru (SS-416) Computer Center Hobby Shops October 8-11, 2020 July 30-August 2, 2020 August 21-24, 2020 September 7-11, 2020 9-hole Golf Course Banking Center Stocked Fishponds Groton, CT Charleston, SC Tucson, AZ Sacramento, CA Mail Room Scenic Walking Paths David Matthes • (617) 721-4128 Rusty Pickett • (843) 762-3888 Richard “Ozzie” Osentoski • (734) 671-3439 Fred Flint • (916) 768-3534 Campus BX/PX Barber & Beauty Salon [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] On/Off Campus Shuttle USS Dogfish (SS-350) USS Lapon (SS-260/SSN-661) USS Salmon (SS-573) USS Trepang (SSN-674) For more information or to obtain an application, October 21-24, 2020 August 26-29, 2021 August 21-23, 2020 August 13-16, 2020 call 800.422.9988 North Little Rock, AR Gatlinburg, TN Tucson, AZ Groton, CT [email protected] | afrh.gov John Cronenberg Raymond Zieverink • (803) 322-6722 Bill (Andy) Anderson • (406) 777-2422 Chip Tucci • (518) 398-1117 3700 N. Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20011 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

42 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 43 ETERNAL PATROL

Richard W. Craft Edward S. Golie Kane L. Kelley Jerry Mitchell Wilmer C. Rhodes Michael Trombley There is a port of no return, where ships Pownal, VT Ammon, ID Forked River, NJ Folsom, CA Covington, TN Brattleboro, VT Qualified USS Angler Qualified USS Bonita Qualified USS Hardhead Qualified USS Cusk Qualified USS Seafox Qualified USS Sea Robin May ride at anchor for a little space Eternal Patrol April 12, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 29, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 1, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 8, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 5, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 28, 2020

And then, some starless night the cable slips, Herbert J. Crowe Victor L. Gonzales Jr. Eugene T. Kelliher William H. Moffett C. Herbert Richardson Ronald H. Vivit Lewes, DE Albuquerque, NM Spring Hill, FL Kansas City, MO Gaithersburg, MD Kalispell, MT Leaving an eddy at the mooring place... Qualified USS Tigrone Qualified USS Tigrone Qualified USS Runner Qualified USS Razorback Qualified USS Ethan Allen Qualified USS Balao Gulls, veer no longer. Sailor rest your oar. Eternal Patrol March 11, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 4, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 1, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 16, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 19, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 16, 2020 No tangled wreckage will be washed ashore. Jay A. Deem Donald R. Gressman Richard J. Kochtanek Stephen S. Morris William D. Ridley George R. Waterman Taylorville, IL Alamogordo, NM Seville, OH Ladson, SC Keyport, WA Hopkinsville, KY Qualified USS Puffer Qualified USS Sea Robin Qualified USS Sennet Qualified USS Sturgeon Qualified USS Stonewall Jackson Qualified USS Sealion Eternal Patrol February 13, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 6, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 24, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 4, 2020 Eternal Patrol June 11, 2020 Eternal Patrol June 11, 2020

Daniel C. Anderson Lowell Burton (Brodsky) Thomas C. Depew James R. Grinstead Thomas M. Lee James W. Newman Arnaldo Rivera Arthur L. Webb Firth, ID West Orange, NJ Hayden Lake, ID Seabrook, TX Hansville, WA Phoenix, AZ Jacksonville, FL San Mateo, CA Qualified USS Von Steuben Qualified USS Parche Qualified USS Barracuda Qualified USS Amberjack Qualified USS Cutlass Qualified USS Sea Leopard USS Omaha Qualified USS Cero Eternal Patrol March 16, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 6, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 10, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 18, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 8, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 28, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 26, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 8, 2020

George R. Albert Roy J. Callahan David D. Dlugo Gary D. Haines Robert F. Leeman Donald A. O'Connor Salvatore Rosina Gordan R. Wentzell Bedford, NH Lakeland, FL Parma, OH Algona, IA Bailey Island, ME Lebanon, CT North Babylon, NY Deerfield, NH Qualified USS Lionfish Qualified USS Odax Qualified USS Thomas A. Edison Qualified USS Kamehameha Qualified USS Burrfish Qualified USS Sennet Qualified USS Sea Poacher Qualified USS Dogfish Eternal Patrol April 5, 2020 Eternal Patrol February 5, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 17, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 4, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 25, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 8, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 24, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 29, 2020

James L. Balderas Harvey Canter Richard J. Eng Roy S. Hall William L. Lehmbeck Alan B. Odette Frank B. Saclayan William B. Humphrey Lakeland, FL Carmichael, CA Groton, CT Sanford, NC Fredericksburg, VA Menominee, MI Palm Coast, FL Howardsville, VA Qualified USS Ronquil Qualified USS Cusk Qualified USS Grouper Qualified USS Grampus Qualified USS Stickleback Qualified USS Growler Qualified USS Harder Qualified USS Segundo Eternal Patrol May 16, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 14, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 18, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 11, 2020 Eternal Patrol February 12, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 15, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 20, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 1, 2020

Jerry F. Bauer Thomas B. Carney Gilbert H. Engels Douglas H. Hare Danny L. Leonhardt Columba B. O’Gorman Harry J. Samotis Ronald E. Williams Port Charlotte, FL Landing, NJ Southport, CT Hillsboro, NH Summersville, SC Vista, CA Hendersonville, NC Mystic, CT Qualified USS Torsk Qualified USS Clamagore Qualified USS Entemedor Qualified USS Casmir Pulaski Qualified USS Thomas Jefferson Qualified USS Balao Qualified USS O-4 Qualified USS Parche Eternal Patrol May 17, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 27, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 27, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 7, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 21, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 16, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 5, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 27, 2020

Roy A. Biddle James E. Carroll Oliver G. Everette Eldon L. Hartman Kerry L. Logan Robert L. Palis Marvin Sham Stan Yoakum Showlow, AZ Spring Hill, FL Concord, CA Creighton, NE Norfolk, VA Hot Spring Village, AR PAFB, FL Moncks Corner, SC Qualified USS Halibut Qualified USS Amberjack Qualified USS Seadragon Qualified USS Queenfish Qualified USS Memphis Qualified USS Rock Qualified USS Barbero Qualified USS Rock Eternal Patrol April 12, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 1, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 10, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 22, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 8, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 24, 2020 Eternal Patrol February 1, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 29, 2020

Frank P. Bongiorno Roy J. Charlette Charles W. Farley William Hausinger Jr. Lloyd A. Luce Fred J. Pester Bernard A. Sigler Olympia, WA Blackstone, MA Yuma, AZ Friendswood, TX Fremont, NE Merrill, WI Hermitage, PA IN MEMORIAM Qualified USS Pike Qualified USS Becuna Qualified USS Medregal Qualified USS Trutta Qualified USS Bumper Qualified USS Argonaut Qualified USS Menhaden Eternal Patrol January 6, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 26, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 10, 2020 Eternal Patrol June 6, 2020 Eternal Patrol February 18, 2020 Eternal Patrol June 7, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 13, 2020 Tim L. Case Millington, MI Theodore F. Boswell Frank Chesky Jr. Charles L. Fenick William G. Hayes Jr. James H. Marr Theodore Peters Jr. Chester J. Skrocki Associate Member Hertford, NC Plainville, CT Niantic, CT Goose Creek, SC Spokane, WA Cooperstown, NY Whiting, NJ April 6, 2020 Qualified USS Tench Qualified USS Tusk Qualified USS Toro Qualified USS Bugara Qualified USS Razorback Sub Relief Crew Qualified USS O-2 Eternal Patrol April 13, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 15, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 5, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 29, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 13, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 19, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 5, 2020 Larry Mower Anderson, CA Milton H. Brill Jr. Edward J. Chesnutt John D. Fink Elmer J. Holmes Douglas L. Maynard Allen V. Polhemus Bob E. Smiley Associate Member Cicero, NY Collindale, PA Redington Shores, FL Columbia, TN Old Lyme, CT Uncasville, CT Bloomington, IN February 21, 2020 Qualified USS Runner Qualified USS Dogfish Qualified USS Halfbeak Qualified USS Trumpetfish Qualified USS Argonaut Qualified USS Becuna Qualified USS Toro Eternal Patrol May 2, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 18, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 11, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 11, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 30, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 13, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 18, 2020 Donald Parker Sr. Somers Point, NJ Howard E. Brooks Jr. Clyde H. Russell Angelo T. Finocchio Ted Hunt Thomas L. McCutcheon Carrol G. Polodna Steven A. Spencer Associate Member Jenkinstown, PA Norfolk, VA Philadelphia, PA Bremerton, WA Richardson, TX Onalaska, WI Rock Springs, WY May 29, 2020 Qualified USS Ling Qualified USS Sirago Qualified USS Diablo Qualified USS Queenfish Qualified USS Pompon Qualified USS Grouper Qualified USS Theodore Roosevelt Eternal Patrol May 22, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 2, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 19, 2020 Eternal Patrol May 26, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 10, 2020 Eternal Patrol February 15, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 11, 2020

John A. Burton James E. Connors Roger W. Fisher James P. Keaveny Jerald E. Miller Charles E. Quimby William S. Talbott Dalton, GA Cumberland Head, NY Leesburg, IN Sebring, FL Fort Wayne, IN Enumclaw, WA Glen Arm, MD Qualified USS John C. Calhoun Qualified USS Irex Qualified USS Bugara Qualified USS Cabezon Qualified USS Tigrone Qualified USS Diodon Qualified USS Grouper Eternal Patrol March 5, 2020 Eternal Patrol June 1, 2020 Eternal Patrol February 23, 2020 Eternal Patrol January 5, 2020 Eternal Patrol February 1, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 23, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 15, 2020

Herbert O. Burton Ralph B. Costanzo Vincent T. Giunta Ronald A. Karpius Eternal Patrol Joseph R. Minor Walter S. Reeves James M. Tolson Prattville, AL Cornwall on the Hudson, NY Winter Haven, FL Brattleboro, VT Winter Springs, FL Lucedale, MS Hilliard, OH Qualified USS Hardhead Qualified USS Odax Qualified USS Chopper Qualified USS Sea Robin Qualified USS Sea Cat Qualified USS Caiman Qualified USS Theodore Roosevelt Eternal Patrol May 8, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 3, 2020 Eternal Patrol June 3, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 25, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 12, 2020 Eternal Patrol April 10, 2020 Eternal Patrol March 20, 2020

44 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 45 Plan your next reunion in NORTH LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS!

SUBMARINE• Full REUNIONrun of USS Razorback PACKAGE Have your next reunion at USS • Experienced sub vets on-hand Razorback (SS-394), a 90-percent • Group photo operational sub maintained by • Hospitality space at museum vets like you. FULL RUN of the • Engine lighting ceremony boat and assistance from our • Free reunion planning assistance experienced reunion team! • Gorgeous views of the Arkansas River • Access to Hoga, a tugboat from Pearl Harbor LET US • PlanningHOST spouse outings around YOUR town • Assistance with caterers and group dining NEXT• Planning REUNION assistance with entertainment  Reservations include a full, hot breakfast buffet  3 blocks from AR Inland Maritime Museum  Two ballrooms divisible by seven sections  Six breakout rooms  Two Hospitality Suites  220 spacious newly renovated guestrooms Your Reunion Team  Complimentary airport/downtown shuttle Jim Gates (USS James K. Polk);  Complimentary shuttle to & from maritime museum Camille Smith; Myna Miller; Greg  Complimentary parking Zonner (USS Von Steuben); Joe Mathis  Outdoor Pool (USS Jefferson City)  2 award winning restaurants & lounges on site BOOK TODAY: Scott Sudduth (501) 404-0397

2 Riverfront Place North Little Rock AR 72114 Call 1-866-657-4458 for more information

46 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020 Third Quarter 2020 | American Submariner | 47 UNITED STATES SUBMARINE VETERANS, INC. NON-PROFIT POB 3870 SILVERDALE, WA 98383-3870 US POSTAGE PAID GARDENA, CA PERMIT NO. 40

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48 | American Submariner | Third Quarter 2020