INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD Geneva

STATISTICS ON NARCOTIC DRUGS FOR 1968

furnished by Governments in accordance with the International Treaties and MAXIMUM LEVELS OF OPIUM STOCKS

UNITED NATIONS New York, 1969 E/INCB/7 December 1969

UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales number: E.69. XI. 10

Price: $U.S. 1.50 (or equivalent in other currencies) TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraphs Page

FOREWORD 1-4 vii

TRENDS IN THE LICIT MOVEMENT OF NARCOTIC DRUGS General trends 5-23 vii Raw materials Opium 24-35 viii Poppy straw and concentrate of poppy straw 36-40 ix Coca leaf 41-45 x Cannabis 46-49 x Manufactured drugs Opium and coca-leaf alkaloids and their derivatives Morphine 50-55 xi Codeine 56-60 xi Ethylmorphine 61-64 xi Heroin 65-66 xi Other derivatives of opium alkaloids 67-70 xii Cocaine 71 xii " Synthetic " narcotic drugs Pethidine-intermediates-A, -B and -C 72 xii Pethidine 73-75 xii Trimeperidine 76-77 xiv Methadone-intermediate 78 xiv Methadone 79-80 xiv Normethadone 81 xv Moramide-intermediate, racemoramide, dextromoramide and levomora- mide 82-83 xv Other" synthetic" narcotic drugs 84-89 xv

SEIZURES 90-105 xvi

— iii — ANNEXES

Page Introductory note 2

A. — RECEIPT OF STATISTICS FOR 1968 Countries and territories which sent in all their returns 3 Missing quarterly and annual statistics 4

B. — SYNOPTIC TABLES Index of countries and territories mentioned in the tables 6 Narcotic drugs falling under the International Conventions 9 Chart showing successive phases from the production of the raw material to the consumption of the finished product, with references to tables 12 Explanatory note 13 Table I. — Opium: Production, utilization and export declared by producing countries. 14 Table I (a). — Area cultivated with the poppy for the production of opium 15 Table II. — Coca leaves: Production, utilization and export declared by producing countries 16 Table III. — Manufacture of morphine 18 Table IV. — Manufacture of cocaine 22 Table V. — Conversion of morphine 24 Table VI. — Manufacture of the principal narcotic drugs falling under the Conventions 28 Table VI (a). — Manufacture of narcotic drugs other than those specified in Table VI . . 33 Table VII. — Consumption of the principal narcotic drugs falling under the Conventions 34 Table VII (a). — Utilization of morphine, codeine, ethylmorphine and cocaine in the manufacture of preparations for the export of which authorizations are not required 50 Table VII (b). — Consumption of narcotic drugs other than those specified in Table VII 52 Table VII (c). — Consumption of narcotic drugs: number of therapeutic doses consumed annually per 1000 inhabitants 53 Table VIII. — World trade (imports — exports) in 1968: Explanatory note 55 1. Opium 56 2. Poppy straw 58 3. Concentrate of poppy straw 59 4. Morphine 60 5. Codeine 62 6. Ethylmorphine (dionine) 64 7. Coca leaves 66 8. Cocaine 68 9. Pethidine 70 10. Methadone 72 Table IX. — Seizures in 1968 73

C. — MAXIMUM LEVELS OF OPIUM STOCKS 78

— iv — ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations are used except where the context otherwise requires:

Abbreviation Full title

Board International Narcotics Control Board.

1912 Convention International Opium Convention signed at The Hague on 23 January 1912.

1925 Agreement Agreement concerning the Manufacture of, Internal Trade in and Use of, Prepared Opium, signed at Geneva on 11 February 1925, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946.

1925 Convention International Opium Convention signed at Geneva on 19 February 1925, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946.

1931 Convention Convention for limiting the manufacture and regulating the distribution of narcotic drugs, signed at Geneva on 13 July 1931, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946.

1931 Agreement Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East, signed at Bangkok on 27 November 1931, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946.

1936 Convention Convention for the suppression of the illicit traffic in dangerous drugs, signed at Geneva on 26 June 1936, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946.

1946 Protocol Protocol amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925 and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936, signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946.

1948 Protocol Protocol signed at Paris on 19 November 1948 bringing under international control drugs outside the scope of the Convention of 13 July 1931 for limiting the manu­ facture and regulating the distribution of narcotic drugs, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946.

1953 Protocol Protocol for limiting and regulating the cultivation of the poppy plant, the production of, international and wholesale trade in, and use of opium, signed at New York on 23 June 1953.

1961 Convention Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, signed at New York on 30 March 1961.

FOREWORD

1. In accordance with the provisions of the international narcotics treaties, the Board publishes the annexed tables giving the statistics which Governments are required to supply to it on the licit movement of narcotic drugs (Annex B). 2. These statistics include figures on production, manufacture, international trade and consumption, as well as seizures in the illicit traffic. The statistics relate to 1968 but, in certain cases, the figures for the four previous years are also given for purposes of comparison. 3. In addition, the Board gives the list of countries which have furnished all their statistics for 1968, and that of countries which have furnished only partial information, or which have given no information (Annex A).1 4. These tables are preceded by a statement on the trends to be discerned from the statistics.

TRENDS IN THE LICIT MOVEMENT OF NARCOTIC DRUGS

General trends that country (average for 1962-1966: 0.05 per cent; average for 1967-1968: 0.20 per cent). 5. The statistics supplied to the Board indicate the following general trends. Coca leaf 9. Coca leaf is produced licitly in two countries: Peru Opium and Bolivia.2 In Peru production in 1968 (8,756 tons) was 6. Production (777 tons in 1967) showed an increase in higher than in 1967 (8,505 tons), but lower than the 1968 (993 tons); it was, however, insufficient to meet average for the years 1964-1966 (9,073 tons). requirements in full. It was therefore necessary to draw on 10. In Bolivia the declared production amounted to stocks, although to a lesser extent than in previous years 5,058 tons in 1967 and 4,203 tons in 1968. In fact these because, side by side with the increase in production, less figures represent the quantities marketed and subjected to opium was used for the manufacture of morphine. tax. 7. The yields obtained in opium production in India 11. Virtually the whole (ninety-eight per cent) of the (31 kg. of opium—with a moisture content of 30 per cent production of both Peru and Bolivia is used for non­ —per hectare) were far higher than in other countries. medical purposes, i.e. for chewing by the Indians of the Recent years, however, have seen an increase in Turkey: Andean highlands. A mere two per cent is used as a from 3 kg. of dry opium per hectare in 1964 to 9.4 kg. flavouring agent and for the manufacture of cocaine. in 1968. Cannabis Poppy straw and poppy straw concentrate 12. In 1968 cannabis production in India (79 tons) and 8. The amount of morphine extracted either directly in Pakistan (7.6 tons) showed a decrease, as did non­ from poppy straw or indirectly through straw concentrate medical consumption in both countries (89 and 12 tons reached a new maximum in 1968 (59 tons), representing respectively). In Nepal cannabis is produced under 38.7 per cent of the total manufacture. This result is licence but is utilized solely for non-medical purposes. largely due to the ever-increasing use of straw instead of opium in the USSR and to the improved yield obtained in 13. Total consumption for therapeutic and research purposes (455 kg.) is insignificant. Included in this figure 1 In addition to the present document, the Board publishes is cannabis used for medical research, which has recently annually a general report (document E/INCB/5 for 1969), a state­ expanded. ment on the " Estimated World Requirements of Narcotic Drugs and Estimates of World Production of Opium" (document E/ INCB/6 for 1970), and a Comparative Statement of Estimates and 2 See also paras. 55-58, of the report on the work of the Board Statistics (E/INCB/8 for 1968). in 1969 (Document E/INCB/5).

— vii — Morphine. Raw materials 14. Manufacture reached a new maximum in 1968 (153 tons), the bulk of it being converted into: codeine, OPIUM 88.8 per cent; ethylmorphine, 7.1 per cent, and pholcodine, 24. For the last five years all but one of the countries 2.4 per cent. which report to the Board a production of opium have also been declaring the area under opium poppy cultiva­ Codeine tion in their territories. From the data so supplied the Board has prepared the following table showing the 15. Both the manufacture (145 tons) and the consump­ average yield per hectare in these countries. tion (142 tons) of codeine were greater in 1968 than in 1967 (6 and 21 per cent respectively). Area on which poppy was Country/year cultivated with Opium harvest Yield a view to Ethylmorphine harvesting opium (hectares) (kg.) (kg. per hectare) 16. The consumption of ethylmorphine in 1968 (9 tons) Bulgaria rose by comparison with the 1967 figure in a much greater 1964 329 536 1.629 proportion (+21 per cent as against +9 per cent) than 1965 321 315 0.981 manufacture (9.5 tons). 1966 84 224 2.667 1967 123 125 1.016 Heroin 1968 — — — 17. Heroin manufacture in 1968 was comparatively India high (108 kg. as against 75 kg. in 1967), but consumption 1964 21 046 643 904 30.595 1 did not increase to the same degree (68 kg. against 60 kg. 1965 ...... 18 894a 624 893 33.074 in 1967). Stocks accordingly increased. 1966 12 064 436 343 36.169 b 1967 14 194 a 473 205 33.338 1968 23 970 751 837 31.366 Cocaine Japan 18. In 1968, both the consumption (1,060 kg.) and the 1964 33 692 20.970 manufacture (1,039 kg.) of cocaine decreased by com­ 1965 25 163 6.520 parison with 1967, and the number of manufacturing 1966 5.88 135 22.959 countries fell to two: the United States (70 per cent of 1967 5.6 100 17.857 total production) and Peru. 1968 4.89 98 20.041 Pakistan Pethidine 1964 688 17 377 25.257 19. The manufacture of pethidine (18.7 tons) increased 1965 339 3 947 11.643 in 1968 in spite of a considerable reduction of manufac­ 1966 340 1 908 5.612 1967 332 1347 4.057 ture in the Federal Republic of Germany. 1968 332 1414 4.259

Turkey Methadone 1964 28 000 82 882 2.960 20. In 1968 manufacture (357 kg.) and consumption 1965 22 300 85 750 3.845 (381 kg.) of methadone showed an increase. 1966 24 000 138 806 5.784 1967 20 600 114 963 5.581 1968 13 000 122 158 9.397 Normethadone USSR 21. The manufacture of normethadone dropped from 443 kg. in 1967 to 37 kg. in 1968 because the Federal 1964 187 632 1965 176 600 Republic of Germany, where large stocks have been 1966 c 201 000 c accumulated, ceased manufacture. 1967 180 827 1968 116 282

Diphenoxylate Yugoslavia 22. The consumption of diphenoxylate (851 kg.) 1964 2 100 6 649 3.166 increased considerably in 1968. Mexico and Brazil have 1965 2 600 9 273 3.567 begun to manufacture this drug in contribution towards 1966 800 2 705 3.381 their own requirements. 1967 860 6 695 7.785 1968 1200 1463 1.219 23. The foregoing statement shows the general trends in the movement of narcotic drugs; it is based on a a Figure taken from the annual report sent to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the working of the international treaties on narcotic drugs. thorough study made separately for each drug, details of b Opium with a 30 per cent moisture content. which follow. c Data not available.

viii 25. The record of India is striking in that, since 1964, 30. Nearly the whole of the opium production in 1968 this country has consistently obtained opium yields of over is accounted for by three countries: India, Turkey and the 30 kg. per hectare. With two exceptions (Pakistan in 1964 USSR. Three other countries—Yugoslavia, Pakistan and and 1965 and Japan—where the area under cultivation Japan—have declared production but their combined during the past five years extended between 5 and 33 total is less than 3 tons. In Yugoslavia, the output was hectares only) the yield in other countries which supply only 1,463 kg. because frost destroyed the crop from 1,700 information to the Board has been less than 10 kg. of hectares out of the 2,900 hectares sown. Lastly, Pakistan opium per hectare. During the past five years, however, produced 1,414 kg. and Japan 98 kg. In 1968, Bulgaria steady progress has been made in Turkey, where the yield harvested only poppy straw. rose from 3 kg. of opium per hectare in 1964 to 9.4 kg. in 1968. The table suggests also that reduction in the area 31. The Board has no information as to possible under cultivation can decisively improve the yield, as has production of opium in China (mainland) and North been shown in India and Turkey. This can follow not only Korea. On the other hand, imports of opium from from less productive lands going out of cultivation but North Viet-Nam have been declared to the Board, but it also from closer control, and, as in India, from the has not been possible to ascertain whether this opium withdrawal of the licences from growers whose yield is came from domestic production or from seizures. below standard. India has also awarded premiums to 32. In 1968 the opium-importing countries obtained growers who show a high yield, thereby encouraging them over 95 per cent of their supplies from India and Turkey, to deliver the whole of their crops to the Monopoly. the former exporting nearly five times as much as the 26. The total production of opium amounted to 993 latter (532 and 111 tons respectively). tons in 1968, a level which had not been reached since 33. The quantity of opium (921 tons) used for the 1963. This rise came after a period of decline in produc­ manufacture of morphine in 1968 fell by comparison with tion which had lasted for four years, and which reached its the 1967 figure (973 tons). Some further 30 tons of opium lowest point in 1967 with 777 tons. Notwithstanding the are annually consumed for medical purposes in the form increase in 1968, production was still less than utilization of tinctures, extracts and other preparations. by 154 tons. The deficit in production from 1964 to 1968 was met by drawing on stocks, which have declined during 34. In Pakistan a residual quantity of opium is still this period from 1,651 tons to 959 tons, i.e. by 42 per cent. used for " quasi-medical" purposes. This quantity has In addition, nearly 160 tons of opium were released in 1967 been decreasing steadily for the last five years and for civilian use from the special stocks held in the United amounted to only 5.5 tons in 1968. States. 35. Lastly, there is opium production in Burma, for 27. The fluctuations in total production largely reflected which the Government has not yet been able to give those of India. In 1968 the Indian crop amounted to 752 figures and which is consumed within the country for tons, representing 75.7 per cent of the total production non-medical purposes. and, at that figure, was almost equal to the total world harvest in 1967 (777 tons). Although the Indian produc­ tion in 1968 was larger than in any of the previous five POPPY STRAW AND CONCENTRATE OF POPPY STRAW years, it was lower than the annual harvests during the period 1960-1962, all of which exceeded 900 tons. This 36. The use of poppy straw for the manufacture of large yield was achieved by putting an additional 9,800 morphine declined during the period 1963-1965 but has hectares under poppy cultivation, representing an increase since shown a rapid increase, at an annual rate varying of 69 per cent over the area under cultivation in 1967. between 7 and 17 per cent. 28. Despite the reduction by over one third of the area 37. In 1968,30,321 tons of poppy straw were processed, under cultivation Turkey was able to increase its produc­ against 27,401 tons in 1967 and 21,914 tons in 1965, thus tion from 115 tons in 1967 to 122 tons in 1968. By this reaching a level never before recorded. The quantity increase, coupled with a considerable drop in USSR directly or indirectly extracted from poppy straw in 1968 production, Turkey moved up to second place among represented 38.7 per cent of the total quantity of morphine opium-producing countries, India being first and the manufactured during the year: the proportion was 32.8 USSR third. per cent in 1967 and 28.5 per cent in 1965. The increase in world totals from 1967 to 1968 is largely accounted for by 29. Production in the USSR fell to 116 tons in 1968, as the USSR, where utilization of poppy straw increased by against 181 tons in 1967 and 201 tons in 1966. Not since 2,599 tons in those two years, compared with 321 tons in 1958 was production less than in 1968. The 1968 figures the other countries. confirm the view expressed last year that the USSR is tending to rely on poppy straw rather than on opium for 38. The over-all position in 1968 was as follows: five the extraction of morphine. The considerable drop in the countries together processed 26,700 tons of straw, recourse to opium has been offset by the increased representing 88 per cent of the total. They were: the utilization of poppy straw, which has more than doubled USSR (6,489 tons), the Netherlands (5,396 tons), Czecho­ in two years. Moreover, there has been a marked increase slovakia (5,078 tons), Hungary (4,988 tons) and Poland in the morphine yield from poppy straw, from 0.05 per (4,745 tons). Because of differences in yield, Hungary cent between 1962 and 1966 to 0.19 per cent in 1967 and produced more morphine (14,561 kg.) than the USSR 0.21 per cent in 1968. (13,895 kg.) or Czechoslovakia (7,384 kg.), although it

— ix — used less poppy straw than either of these two countries. 47. During the three years 1966-1968, the following The percentage yield obtained by the Hungarian industry countries have reported use of cannabis for therapeutic is 0.29, compared with 0.21 in the USSR, and is nearly purposes and for research in quantities of one kilogramme twice that of Czechoslovakia (0.15 per cent). In the or more: Netherlands manufacturers do not go beyond the poppy straw concentrate stage; the same is true in Poland but Country 1966 1967 1968 only for part of the straw used. kg. kg. kg. 39. Of the countries which use most poppy straw, the Belgium 45 31 28 USSR, Hungary and Poland produce all their raw Canada — — 1 material, while Czechoslovakia imports one quarter, and Germany, Federal Republic of 33 41 65 the Netherlands all its requirements. Almost all such India 166 532 233 imports come from Turkey; Yugoslavia and India export Ireland 1 1 — comparatively insignificant quantities to countries which Japan — — 5 manufacture morphine on a small scale or which utilize Netherlands 30 49 49 New Zealand 2 6 — poppy straw for other purposes, such as floral decoration. Pakistan 113 — — 40. Poppy straw concentrate is exported by the two Portugal 8 10 7 manufacturing countries—the Netherlands and Poland— South Africa 1 — — Switzerland 79 15 — but the proportion of the Netherlands production which Trinidad and Tobago 2 1 1 is exported has decreased: 74 per cent in 1966, 68 per cent United Kingdom 12 31 66 in 1967 and 52 per cent in 1968. Since 1966 there has been a correlative increase in the domestic use of concen­ Total 492 717 455 trate for the manufacture of morphine; this has more than trebled in three years, having risen from 4,013 kg. to 12,680 kg. in 1968. The Netherlands exports of concen­ trate go to Belgium, South Africa and Switzerland, to 48. Consumption of cannabis for therapeutic purposes which must be added for the first time in 1968, Spain and in 1967 and 1968 (532 kg. and 233 kg. respectively) was Portugal. Poland, which until 1967 exported only to greater in India than in the rest of the world. While Belgium, supplied 500 kg. to Yugoslavia in 1968. consumption fluctuated in India it was comparatively stable in the other countries as a whole: 213 kg. in 1966 (excluding Pakistan), 185 kg. in 1967 and 222 kg. in 1968. COCA LEAF 49. India and Pakistan, which have invoked the 41. The coca leaf is now cultivated licitly only in Peru transitional provisions of the 1961 Convention (article 49), and Bolivia; cultivation in Indonesia ceased in 1966. still continue to produce and to consume cannabis for non-medical purposes. Indian production has steadily 42. In Peru, production in 1968 (8,756 tons), although decreased since 1966 (144 tons), having fallen to 79 tons in 250 tons greater than that of 1967, was below the average 1968. Production in Pakistan doubled from 1965 for the years 1964-1966 (9,073 tons). (11 tons) to 1967 (22 tons), but in 1968 it suddenly dropped 43. In Bolivia the figures declared by the Government to one third (7.6 tons) of the 1967 production. Average represent only the share of production which is brought cannabis consumption in India for the last two years to the market and they can only serve therefore as an (87.3 tons) was some 30 tons less, or 25 per cent smaller, indication of total production. The quantities so declared than the average for the years 1965-1966. As for Pakis­ amounted to 5,058 tons in 1967 and 4,203 tons in 1968. tan, after having increased for two years, consumption dropped in 1968 to 12 tons. 44. As in previous years almost the whole of the production in these two countries was applied to non­ medical purposes. Thus in 1968, 96 per cent (8,392 tons) was used for mastication in Peru. No accurate figures of Cannabis consumption in Bolivia are available but, in the light of official statements, it probably exceeded 4,000 tons. In Country 1965 1966 1967 1968 Argentina, which is not a producing country, the Indian population consumed 89 tons imported from Bolivia. kg. kg. kg. kg. 45. In 1968, Peru, the sole supplier of coca leaf to Production cocaine-manufacturing countries, exported 308 tons, of . . . . 135 820 143 535 97 764 79 018 which the United States alone took 306 tons. . . . . 11274a 19 635 22 363 7 605

CANNABIS Use for non-medical purposes . . . . 122 566 115 758 85 498 89 155 46. Under the provisions of the 1961 Convention, . . . . 11710a 12 580 13 352 12 051 countries have declared not only their consumption of cannabis preparations but also that of cannabis proper a Figure taken from the annual report sent to the Secretary-General of the for 1966 onwards. United Nations on the working of the international treaties on narcotic drugs.

— X — Manufactured drugs 60. The total consumption of codeine in 1968 (142.3 tons) was larger than in 1965 by 25 tons. Almost the OPIUM AND COCA-LEAF ALKALOIDS whole of the codeine manufactured in 1968 was thus AND THEIR DERIVATIVES consumed in the same year. The United States absorbed 29.6 tons, i.e. nearly twice the 1967 quantity (16.6 tons). Morphine It is followed by the USSR (22 tons), the United Kingdom (11.8 tons), the Federal Republic of Germany (11.2 tons) 50. Between 1960 and 1965 the annual quantity of and France (9.5 tons). Consumption per one million morphine manufactured remained stable at an average inhabitants was as follows: United States, 144.87 kg.; level of 120 tons; from 1966 to 1968, the figure reached an USSR, 92.51 kg.; United Kingdom, 212.65 kg.; Federal average of 148 tons, i.e. 23 per cent more than the Republic of Germany, 185.37 kg.; France, 183.96 kg. 1960-1965 average. It should be pointed out that these figures include quantities of codeine used for the manufacture of so- 51. The quantity manufactured in 1968 exceeded the called "exempted" preparations (preparations in Sched­ figure for 1967 by 9 tons. ule III of the 1961 Convention) part of which may have 52. An increasingly large proportion of the morphine been exported and not consumed in the manufacturing manufactured is extracted from poppy straw. The country. proportion reached 38.7 per cent in 1968, as a result not Ethylmorphine only of the increase in the quantity of straw processed but also of an improved average yield, which rose from 0.17 61. There has been a steady increase in the manufacture per cent in 1967 to 0.20 per cent in 1968. of ethylmorphine since 1965. Output in 1968 was 9,503 kg., i.e. 55 per cent more than in 1965 and 9 per cent 53. The USSR continues to hold first place among more than in 1967. France manufactured 3,047 kg. in morphine-manufacturing countries, with a production of 1968, representing 32 per cent of total output, a figure not 33 tons in 1968. It is followed by the United Kingdom very different from that of the previous year (2,884 kg.) (24 tons) and the United States (21 tons). Hungary, The other large producers are the United Kingdom where all the morphine is extracted from poppy straw, (1,538 kg. in 1968 against 949 kg. in 1967), the USSR shows a large increase: from 10.2 tons in 1967 to 14.6 tons (1,194 kg. in 1968 against 1,085 kg. in 1967) and Italy in 1968. (762 kg. in 1968 against 978 kg. in 1967). 54. Most of the morphine manufactured (98.5 per cent) 62. In 1968, the United Kingdom exported 71 per cent is converted into other narcotic drugs of which codeine is of its output (1,092 kg. out of 1,538 kg.) and the Federal still the chief. Its manufacture accounts for 88.8 per cent Republic of Germany 86 per cent (417 kg. out of 483 kg.). of the morphine extracted, both from opium and from In five years, the United Kingdom has considerably poppy straw. As for pholcodine and ethylmorphine, expanded its manufacture (from 172 kg. in 1964 to manufacture increased slightly and absorbed more 1,538 kg. in 1968) for purposes of export (59 kg. in 1964 morphine than in previous years. and 1,092 kg. in 1968). 55. Morphine consumption fell to 2.5 tons in 1968 and 63. During the five years 1963-1967 annual consump­ now represents only an insignificant fraction of the tion of ethylmorphine had fluctuated around 7,300 kg.; in quantity manufactured. 1968, however, it showed an increase of 24 per cent by comparison with the average figure and reached a maxi­ Codeine mum of 9,050 kg. 64. In absolute figures France (3,047 kg.), the USSR 56. In 1968, codeine manufacture was 144.6 tons; an (1,000 kg.) and Italy (865 kg.) are the largest consumers of increase over 1967 of 8.4 tons, or 6.2 per cent. ethylmorphine. Consumption per million inhabitants is 57. Three countries—the USSR, the United States and as follows: France, 59.21 kg.; USSR, 4.21 kg.; Italy, the United Kingdom—jointly accounted for half that 16.39 kg. production (51.4 per cent). The Federal Republic of Heroin Germany, France, Hungary, Japan and the Netherlands together produced only 28 per cent of the total. Manu­ 65. In 1968, both manufacture and consumption of facture in all these countries is increasing, except in heroin in the United Kingdom were at the highest level France and Japan. recorded since 1955. 58. Total exports of codeine in 1968 amounted to 66. Manufacture increased much more than consump­ 34.8 tons, 69 per cent of which originated in four coun­ tion (+50 per cent against +15 per cent) and stocks tries: the United Kingdom, 9 tons; the USSR, 5.5 tons; therefore rose by 47 per cent (from 38 to 56 kg.). In Hungary, 5.3 tons; and the Netherlands, 4.2 tons. The France, heroin output reached the highest figure for ten last two countries produced mainly for export: in par­ years, but out of the 9 kg. manufactured, only 1 kg. was ticular, the Netherlands exported abroad 87 per cent of consumed; in addition, 1 kg. was reconverted into its production. morphine and 6 kg. were converted into nalorphine, a non-dependence-producing substance. As for Belgium, 59. Lastly, Japan used 60 per cent of its codeine output although heroin consumption in 1968 was at the same for the manufacture of dihydrocodeine. level as in 1967, manufacture fell by one half.

— xi — Manufacture, consumption and conversion of heroin for the other countries manufacturing hydrocodone— Switzerland, Italy, the United Kingdom and the Nether­ Country 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 lands—they produced together slightly more than the kg. kg. kg. kg. kg. United States. The latter country is also the highest consumer of hydrocodone in absolute figures, since it Manufacture absorbed 402 kg. in 1968, against 278 kg. in 1967, rep­ United Kingdom 55 77 84 64 96 resenting 1.97 kg. and 1.38 kg. respectively per million France 4 5 — 5 9 inhabitants. These developments affected the total for Belgium 5 8 8 6 3 all countries, which rose from 830 kg. in 1967 to 907 kg. Netherlands 1 — — — — in 1968. Total 65 90 92 75 108 70. The United States accounted for 83 per cent of the Consumption total oxycodone manufactured (678 kg.) and it absorbed 77 per cent of total consumption (620 kg.). Despite an United Kingdom 50 56 54 54 62 increase in consumption, the quantity manufactured fell Belgium 6 7 6 5 5 France 3 2 2 1 1 by 73 kg. in 1968. Cocaine Total 59 65 62 60 68 71. In 1968, two countries continued to produce Conversion into nalorphine cocaine: the United States and Peru. Argentina ceased United Kingdom 15 20 14 14 14 in 1968 to manufacture the quantity of approximately France 3 2 — 3 6 10 kg. which it had produced previously every year. Total production amounted to 1,039 kg., of which 724 kg. (70 per cent) were produced in the United States. This figure is the lowest since 1960, except for that of 1966. Other derivatives of opium alkaloids This situation is due to a general trend in consumption, which has been falling for several years: from 1,411 kg. 67. By volume of manufacture and consumption, in 1964 to 1,060 kg. in 1968. In absolute figures, the dihydrocodeine is the predominant drug under this United States holds first place among consumer countries heading. After the decrease observed in 1967, the (408 kg. in 1966; 387 kg. in 1967 and 408 kg. in 1968). manufacture and consumption of dihydrocodeine reached Consumption was stable in the United Kingdom (101 kg.) a new maximum in 1968, when 6,796 kg. were manufac­ but decreased in the USSR. Consumption per million tured and 7,457 kg. were consumed. In 1968, Japan inhabitants was highest in Romania and Belgium; alone manufactured 3,389 kg. of this substance, i.e. as Romania consumed 3.65 kg. and Belgium 3.43 kg., while much as all the other countries together. This produc­ the United States only consumed 2 kg. per million tion was, however, still below the figures for 1964-1966. inhabitants. Peru (30 per cent of total production in In 1968, Japan consumed 4,026 kg. i.e. more than it 1968) consumes very little cocaine and manufactures it produced. The United Kingdom and the Federal for export. Republic of Germany are the two other large producers of dihydrocodeine; their shares represent 25 per cent and 15.6 per cent of the total and are increasing. " SYNTHETIC " NARCOTIC DRUGS 68. Manufacture of pholcodine, the second in impor­ Pethidine-intermediates-A, -B and -C tance of the derivatives under consideration, increased by 73 per cent over 1967 and reached 4,231 kg. in 1968. 72. The figures furnished on the manufacture and The two principal manufacturing countries, France and conversion of these substances are reproduced in the the United Kingdom, accounted for 47 per cent and table opposite. 36 per cent respectively of the 1968 total. These two countries increased their production considerably, par­ Pethidine ticularly France which nearly doubled it. Both countries 73. In 1968, 18.7 tons of pethidine were manufactured export pholcodine: the United Kingdom 212 kg. and as against 16.5 tons in 1967, representing an increase of France 75 kg. in 1968. 13 per cent; this figure of 18.7 tons is, however, smaller than either the 1965 (19.5 tons) or the 1966 (20.6 tons) 69. Although the United States, which held first place figure. Nearly the whole of the output is produced by among hydrocodone manufacturers, maintained its level three countries: the United States (59.4 per cent), the of output (321 kg. or 37 per cent of the total), the total United Kingdom (21.5 per cent) and the Federal Republic production of this substance fell in 1968. This situation of Germany (8 per cent). The output of the United is the result of a drop of over 50 per cent in production in States increased by 26 per cent and that of the United the Federal Republic of Germany (from 260 kg. in 1967 Kingdom by 12 per cent, while that of the Federal to 117 kg. in 1968). In this connexion, it is worth noting Republic of Germany decreased by 29 per cent. that the considerable reduction in the manufacture of hydrocodone and other narcotic drugs, in particular 74. Exports of pethidine have been decreasing in the pethidine and normethadone, in the Federal Republic of last three years. In 1966, the United Kingdom and the Germany, is due to the fact that in 1967 production in Federal Republic of Germany exported the same quantity that country had exceeded estimated requirements. As of pethidine each, within a few kilogrammes. During the

- xii - Manufacture and conversion of pethidine-intermediates

Quantity converted into: Quantity Quantity Country / year manu­ used factured Pethidine Pethidine Diphen­ Aniler¬ Proper¬ for inter­ inter­ Pethidine oxylate idine idine research mediates mediate-C

kg. kg. kg. kg. kg. kg. kg.

Pethidine intermediate-A United Kingdom 1964 2111 20 — 1990 1965 4 544 3 — 3 417 1 1966 3 704 — — 3 334 2 1967 5 575 — — 4 024 1968 4 259 — — 4 224

Federal Republic of Germany 1964 2 514 — — 2 760 1965 1 560 — — 2 322 1966 3 527 — — 2 888 1967 1482 — — 1999 1968 1 124 — — 1 065

Netherlands 1964 1298 — — 822 1965 — — 476 1966 1967 1285 — — 724 1968 332 — — 661

France 1964 — — 516 1965 — — 559 1966 — — 473 1967 — — 553 1968 — — 559

Israel 1964 ? — 2 1965 — 39 1966 — — 31 1967 60 1968 60

Argentina 1964 — 2 1965 — — 37 1966 1967 1968 — — 78

United States Pethidine intermediate B 1964 109 99 1965 206 216 1966 181 181 1967 334 334 1968 235 235

United Kingdom 1964 1965 15 16 1966 1967 1968

— xiii — Manufacture and conversion of pethidine-intermediates (continued)

Quantity converted into:

Quantity Quantity Country / year manu­ used factured Pethidine Pethidine Diphen­ Aniler¬ Proper¬ for inter- inter­ Pethidine oxylate idine idine research mediate-B mediated-C

kg. kg. kg. kg. kg. kg. kg.

Israel 1964 1965 1966 1 1967 1968 _

Pethidine intermediate-C United Kingdom 1964 4 50 1965 94 83 1966 40 1967 94 99 _ 1968 85 101

Israel 1964 1 1965 6 1966 5 11 1967 69 70 1968 9 7

Mexico 1964 2 1965 _ 4 1966 1967 1968 3

two following years, exports from the United Kingdom 77. No country outside the USSR manufactures increased while those of the Federal Republic of Germany trimeperidine, and judging from the USSR export figures, fell. The rise in United Kingdom exports has not consumption in the other countries as a whole can hardly completely offset the decrease in exports from the Federal have reached 50 kg. in 1968. Republic of Germany. 75. Total consumption of pethidine decreased from Methadone-intermediate 17.9 tons in 1967 to 17 tons in 1968. The United States alone consumed 10.2 tons, i.e. 60 per cent of the total 78. In 1968, for the second consecutive year, the quantity. Federal Republic of Germany did not interrupt its manu­ facture of methadone at the intermediate stage. Produc­ Trimeperidine tion of methadone-intermediate in the United Kingdom 76. In the USSR, both the manufacture and the fell by 55 per cent; in the Netherlands, where production consumption of trimeperidine have been constantly had ceased for two years, 10 kg. were manufactured in decreasing since 1964. Consumption fell by 30.6 per cent 1968. and manufacture by 27 per cent. Methadone Manufacture and consumption of trimeperidine in USSR 79. As in 1963, methadone manufacture reached a

Year Manufacture Consumption maximum in 1968, the output being 357 kg.; of that quantity, 221 kg. (62 per cent) were produced in the kg. kg. United States. In that country, manufacture rose in 1968 1964 . . 1 300 1 297 by 63.7 per cent, an increase partly offset by decreases in 1965 . . 1 100 1 199 the United Kingdom (-60 kg.) and the Federal Republic 1966 . . 1 000 996 of Germany (-18 kg.). Lastly, methadone manufacture 1967 . . 1 000 987 in Spain increased nearly fourfold (35 kg.), placing this 1968 . . . . 947 900 country ahead of the United Kingdom and the Federal

— xiv — Republic of Germany. More than one half of the Normethadone production in Spain went into stocks. Country 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 80. During each of the four years 1964-1967, methadone consumption had shown variations of less than 3 per cent kg. kg. kg. kg kg. as compared to the average (306 kg.); in 1968, it rose abruptly to 381 kg. This increase is chiefly due to Manufactured developments in the United States, where consumption Federal Republic of Germany . 308 325 276 356 — rose from 138 kg. in 1967 to 193 kg. in 1968. Methadone Other countries 22 64 48 87 37 is also used experimentally in the treatment of addicts. Total 330 389 324 443 37

Manufacture and conversion of methadone-intermediate Consumed Federal Republic of Germany . 188 203 184 139 156 Quantity Quantity converted Country/year manufactured into methadone Other countries 97 175 138 158 138

kg. kg. Total 285 378 322 297 294 United Kingdom 1964 .... 28 1965 .... 138 102 1966 .... 70 119 83. The Netherlands consumed only 22 kg. of dextro­ 1967 .... 109 125 moramide, but exported 166 kg. In absolute figures, 1968 .... 49 35 France was the largest consumer of dextromoramide Netherlands (66 kg.), followed by the United Kingdom, which absorbs much less (26 kg.). Total consumption as a whole has 1964 .... 3 not varied much; 166 kg. in 1967 and 169 kg. in 1968. 1965 .... 8 3 1966 .... 3 1967 .... 4 Moramide-intermediate, racemoramide, dextromoramide 1968 .... 10 10 and levormoramide Federal Republic of Germany Manufactured in the Netherlands 1964 149 1965 .... 426 315 Year Moramide- Race¬ Dextro­ Levor­ 1966 .... 484 595 intermediate moramide moramide moramide 1967 .... kg. kg. kg. kg. 1968 ... 1964 . 611 594 189 170 1965 . 892 753 195 210 1966 . 36 703 260 267 Normethadone 1967 . 826 576 114 109 1968 . 713 373 174 186 81. Although consumption in the Federal Republic of Germany increased from 139 kg. to 156 kg., this country did not manufacture normethadone in 1968. This cessation of production may be due to the building up of Other " synthetic " narcotic drugs a stock of 500 kg. at 31 December 1967, a stock which is sufficient to cover 1968 requirements (consumption: 84. Apart from the synthetic narcotic drugs already 156 kg.; exports: 129 kg.). Furthermore, the German considered, only four others deserve particular mention; Democratic Republic 3 considerably reduced its produc­ they are diphenoxylate, anileridine, dipipanone and tion: 30 kg. in 1968 against 83 kg. in 1967. During the ketomebidone. same period, consumption similarly decreased, from 45 kg. 85. Consumption of diphenoxylate, which has been to 30 kg. In addition, 7 kg. were produced and consu­ rapidly increasing since 1962, rose at an accelerated pace med in Finland during 1968. in 1968 (+73.7 per cent), from 490 kg. to 851 kg. Con­ sumption in the United States (599 kg. in 1968) accounts Moramide-intermediate, racemoramide, for 70 per cent of the total. The other three principal dextromoramide and levormoramide consumer countries are the United Kingdom (104 kg.), Belgium (48 kg.) and France (24 kg.). The number of 82. Moramide-intermediate is converted into race­ countries which consumed 1 kg. or more increased by moramide which is used in the manufacture of dextro­ three in 1967 (Mexico, South Africa and Colombia) and moramide. The latter substance is produced only in the by a further three in 1968 (Brazil, Turkey and Pakistan). Netherlands and mainly for export. In 1968, manu­ Mexico and Brazil began to manufacture diphenoxylate in facture amounted to 174 kg. against 114 kg. in 1967 and 1968, in quantities of 19 kg. and 13 kg. respectively. Manu­ 260 kg. in 1966. facture did not keep pace with consumption, since it increased only by 36 per cent in 1968, reaching 787 kg., a See Introduction to the annexes, p. 2, para. 2. figure smaller than that of consumption (851 kg.). The

— xv — United States and Belgium are the largest manufacturers appears to be levelling off, whereas in South Africa it fell of diphenoxylate and account for 66 per cent and 26.5 per in 1968, a fact that perhaps partly explains the decrease in cent respectively of total production; they are followed by production in the United Kingdom, which is the only France, Mexico and Brazil. country manufacturing dipipanone (99 kg. in 1967 and 66 kg. in 1968). 86. Anileridine is manufactured only in the United 88. Consumption of ketomebidone remained remark­ States, where production nearly doubled between 1967 ably stable during the last seven years. The same (132 kg.) and 1968 (256 kg.). Consumption, on the countries consumed similar quantities, within one kg. other hand, fell during this same period by 30 per cent to Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany stand 209 kg., the lowest figure on record since 1957. In out, with figures for consumption of 35 kg. and 19 kg. Canada—the second and only other consumer after the respectively. These two countries account for 79 per cent United States—consumption rose from 32 kg. to 41 kg. of total consumption. The largest manufacturer is The United Kingdom appears to have abandoned the use Denmark, which produces the drug on a biennial basis; of anileridine, since it has not consumed this drug for two in 1968, this country did not manufacture any ketomebi­ years and does not possess any stocks. done, so that world production is represented only by the 87. The United Kingdom is the largest consumer of 21 kg. output of Switzerland which was largely intended dipipanone, having absorbed 73 kg. out of 91 kg. con­ for export. sumed throughout the world; it is followed by South 89. As for the other synthetic narcotic drugs, their Africa (14 kg.). In the United Kingdom, consumption consumption is negligible.

SEIZURES

90. Statistics on the quantities of narcotic drugs seized 91. The most significant seizures for 1966, 1967 and in the illicit traffic and on the quantities disposed of are 1968 are reproduced in the table below. A detailed study furnished by Governments to the Board in accordance of the world illicit traffic is published by the Commission with the relevant provisions of the existing conventions on on Narcotic Drugs in its annual report. Additional narcotic drugs. All the information relating to 1968 is information on narcotic drugs seized in the illicit traffic is included in table IX annexed to this document. supplied by Governments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and published in United Nations docu­ ment series " E/NS/Summary ".

Countries and non-metropolitan Drug 1966 1967 1968 territories

kg. kg. kg.

AFRICA

Lesotho Cannabis 2 050 4 396 1990

Madagascar Cannabis 83 422 248 Opium 5 1

Mauritius Opium 10 2 —

Morocco Cannabis 43 246 65 946 50 000

Mozambique Cannabis 8 527 6 055 Opium 2 5

Nigeria Cannabis 12 934 178 1359

South Africa Cannabis 208 541 1 242 121 1 285 370

Swaziland Cannabis 1613 10 677 114

United Arab Republic . Cannabis 8811 5 854 9 478 Opium 1217 1005 2 216

AMERICA

Argentina Coca leaves 16 830 23 100 20 000

Bermuda Cannabis 2 3 52

xvi — Countries and non-metropolitan Drug 1966 1967 1968 territories

kg. kg. kg. AMERICA (cont.)

Brazil Cannabis 2 411 2 270 1579a Cocaine 108 8 Canada Cannabis 4 8 96 Heroin 63 1 90 Chile Cocaine 10 13 13 Panama Cannabis 52 4 6 Peru Cocaine 14 28 53 Trinidad and Tobago Cannabis 3 8 10 United States .... Cannabis 10 574 27 915 26 569 Cocaine 10 18 43 Codeine 27 Heroin 33 34 32 Morphine 2 Venezuela Cannabis 72 5 47

ASIA

Afghanistan .... Opium 1265 1 832 380 Burma Cannabis 543 1223 1 155 Opium 7 530 7 285 1448 India Cannabis and its resin 33 837 40 671 44 678 Opium 7 944 2 015 3 106

Hong Kong .... Heroin 24 23 28 Morphine 337 92 62 Opium 4913 2 172 1798 Iran Cannabis and its resin 65 57 45 Heroin 18 88 90 Morphine 28 Opium 20 754 16 150 12 415 Iraq Cannabis resin 640 131 37 Opium 1011 1 103 1463 Israel Cannabis resin 111 239 3 899 Opium 20 23 1 179 Japan Cannabis and its resin 3 15 Heroin 1 5 Morphine 3 Opium 51 7 4 Korea, Republic of . Heroin 2 1 Morphine — 3 1 Opium 15 8 Malaysia Cannabis 528 560 1470 Morphine 35 35 35 Opium 2 335 1032 1 140 Pakistan Cannabis and its resin 452 2 383 4 852 Opium 107 837 1642 Singapore Cannabis 496 677 237 Morphine 2 2 9 Opium 539 351 233

a Figure taken from the Report furnished by the Government of Brazil to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the working of the International Treaties on Narcotic Drugs.

— xvii — Countries and non-metropolitan Drug 1966 1967 1968 territories

kg. kg. kg. ASIA (cont.) Syria Cannabis 2 608 5 550 6 150 Cocaine 2 Heroin 1 Morphine 4 Opium 159 233 401 Thailand Cannabis 908 48 85 Codeine 28 17 Heroin 7 226 40 b Morphine 126 89 474 Opium 2 336 4 323 6185 Viet-Nam, Rep. of. . . Cannabis 1 357 397 1 190 Opium 254 2 444 3 648

EUROPE Austria Cannabis resin 72 Opium — — 3 Belgium Cannabis 35 59 17 Morphine 26 Opium 11 17 Denmark Cannabis 6 48 22 Opium 1

France Cannabis 33 25 202 Heroin 6 50 11 Morphine 50 88 19 Opium 501 110 61 Germany, Fed. Rep. of Cannabis 134 116 220 Morphine 14 Opium 8 12 16 Greece Cannabis and its resin 505 276 261 Heroin 4 Opium 37 Netherlands Cannabis and its resin 14 76 98 Opium 8 13 Sweden Cannabis and its resin 24 146 Opium 1 2 Switzerland Cannabis resin 5 60 Opium — 6 Turkey Cannabis and its resin 475 721 552 Morphine 143 Opium 4 675 3 948 3 195 United Kingdom . . . Cannabis and its resin 258 295 1 123 Opium 17 16 5

OCEANIA Australia Cannabis 7 4 6 Heroin 1 2 1 Morphine 1 Opium 22 22 3 New Zealand Cannabis 2 — 1 Opium 10 2

b Figures taken from the Report furnished by the Government of Thailand to the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the working of the International Treaties on Narcotic Drugs.

— xviii — 92. It will be seen that the quantities of each drug opium is thus more widely spread than that of other drugs. confiscated vary from year to year, sometimes consider­ The total seized in 1968 was less than in 1967 and there ably. The Board does not regard such variations as in was a similar decrease with regard to heroin. Seizures of themselves providing a valid index of changes in the cannabis increased in nearly all Asian countries. The volume of illicit traffic; the increase in seizures may larger increases took place in India (+4 tons), Israel actually be due to more effective enforcement efforts or to (+3.7 tons) and Pakistan (+2.5 tons); smaller increases particular circumstances favouring the apprehension of (+0.6 to +0.9 tons) were reported from Malaysia, the traffickers. Accordingly, the variations in seizures Republic of Viet-Nam and Syria. reported should be interpreted with great care and should be regarded only as rough indicators of the location of illicit traffic and of its volume. Europe 93. This reservation should be borne in mind in 102. An analysis of the figures reported to the Board reading the following analysis. indicates that in Europe the seizures of cannabis and its resin more than doubled in 1968, as compared with those Africa in 1966, and were nearly three times the amount in 1967. During the three-year period, the following countries 94. One third of all the countries in Africa reported reported seizures of this substance for the first time: seizures of cannabis and its resin in 1968. The largest Austria, Bulgaria, Norway, Romania and the USSR. seizure was effected in South Africa. This large quantity In all, fifteen European countries reported seizures of may however represent the estimated weight of the whole cannabis and its resin. plants. Otherwise, Morocco is the country reporting the largest quantities seized in 1968 and it is followed by the 103. Whereas in 1968 European seizures of morphine United Arab Republic. There has been a notable were reported by two countries and of heroin by only one, increase in seizures in Portuguese Mozambique. as many as nine countries seized opium during that year, i.e. three more than in 1967 and five more than in 1966. 95. Whereas in 1966 and 1967 opium was seized in four African countries, only the United Arab Republic reported opium seizures in 1968. However, the quantity Oceania confiscated is more than twice that seized in 1967. 104. According to seizures reports, Australia and New Zealand were less affected by the illicit traffic, in general America registering a smaller volume of seizures during 1968 than 96. Larger amounts of cocaine were seized in 1968 than in in 1967. the previous year due primarily to increased confiscations in Peru and in the United States (in both cases by 25 kg.). Conclusions 97. Heroin was seized only in Canada and the United States but in relatively large quantities; the 90 kg. seized 105. According to the statistics of confiscations which in Canada exceeds the annual average of the world licit Governments have supplied, the illicit traffic in cannabis manufacture of heroin. continues to spread throughout the world. In 1968, moreover, the total amount seized not only increased 98. Seizures of morphine and codeine took place only significantly but a larger number of countries, particularly in the United States. in Europe, now declare cannabis seizures. Nearly all 99. Seven countries in this continent reported seizures countries in Asia are suffering from the illicit traffic of of cannabis in 1968, compared with nine in both 1966 and opium in their territories. The information available on 1967. 1968 seizures indicates that the number of European 100. Only Argentina reported seizures of coca leaves. countries reporting opium seizures has increased while the number of African countries reporting opium seizures has decreased. North America, France, Iran, South East Asia Asia and the Far East continue to be the main areas of the 101. In 1968, seizures of opium were reported in illicit traffic in heroin and morphine. Coca leaves nineteen Asian countries, of cannabis in sixteen, of continue to be seized exclusively in Argentina. With morphine in seven, of heroin in five, of cocaine in one regard to cocaine the illicit traffic is on the increase in country and codeine in another. The illicit traffic in South America and the United States.

— xix —

ANNEXES — 2 —

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The following annexes contain the principal statistical information for 1968 furnished to the Board by Governments in accordance with the 1925, 1931 and 1961 Conventions and the 1948 and 1953 Protocols. For purposes of comparison, statistics for the previous four years have been indicated in the tables. The annexes also include data on the maximum level of opium stocks which each country or territory may hold under the 1953 Protocol. The statistics for 1968 will be published in greater detail together with the corresponding estimates of requirements as Document E/INCB/8. The Board, in referring to political entities, is guided by the rules governing the practice of the United Nations. The nomenclature used by the Board does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The unit of weight used in the tables is the kilogramme; a blank space separates the hundreds from the thousands. A question mark signifies that the relevant figure or in some cases the factors required for calculating it are not available. The sign " — " signifies " nil" or " an amount under 1 kilogramme ". — 3 — ANNEX A RECEIPT OF STATISTICS FOR 1968 COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES WHICH SENT IN ALL THEIR RETURNS

(a) COUNTRIES Afghanistan Ghana New Zealand Albania Greece Nicaragua Algeria Guatemala Niger Andorra Guinea** Nigeria Argentina Guyana Norway Australia Haiti Pakistan Austria Honduras Panama Bahrain Hungary Philippines Barbados Iceland Poland Belgium India Portugal Botswana Indonesia Qatar Brazil Iran Romania Bulgaria Iraq Saudi Arabia Burma * Ireland Singapore Burundi Israel Somalia Cameroon Italy South Africa Canada Ivory Coast Southern Yemen Central African Republic Jamaica Spain Ceylon Japan Sweden Chad Jordan Switzerland Chile Kenya Syria China ** Korea, Republic of Tanzania Colombia Kuwait Thailand Congo, Dem. Rep. Laos Togo Congo (Brazzaville) Lebanon Trinidad and Tobago Costa Rica Lesotho Trucial Oman Cuba Liberia Tunisia Cyprus Libya** Turkey Czechoslovakia Luxembourg Uganda Dahomey Madagascar USSR Denmark Malawi United Arab Republic Dominican Republic Malaysia United Kingdom Ecuador Maldive Islands United States of America El Salvador Mali Upper Volta Ethiopia Malta Venezuela Finland Mauritania Viet-Nam: France Mauritius Republic of Viet-Nam Gambia Mexico Western Samoa Germany: Morocco Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Germany Muscat and Oman Zambia German Democratic Republic ‡ Netherlands

(b) NON-METROPOLITAN TERRITORIES Anglo-French: France (concl.) : United Kingdom: United Kingdom (concl.): New Hebrides St. Pierre and Miquelon Bahama Islands Montserrat Wallis and Futuna Islands Bermuda St. Helena Australia : British Honduras St.Kitts-Nevis and Anguilla Christmas Island Netherlands: British Solomon Islands Seychelles Brunei Cocos (Keeling) Islands Netherlands Antilles Southern Rhodesia Norfolk Island Cayman Islands Swaziland Papua - New Guinea Dominica Turks and Caicos Islands Portugal: Falkland Islands France : Angola (Malvinas) United States of America : Comoro Islands Cape Verde Islands Fiji Islands Pacific Islands New Caledonia Macau Gibraltar French Polynesia Mozambique Gilbert and Ellice Islands French Territory of the Portuguese Guinea Grenada Afars and the Issas Sao Tome and Principe Hong Kong

* Data concerning opium are incomplete. ‡ See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph. ** Incomplete statistics. MISSING QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL STATISTICS FOR 1968

Quarterly statistics should be dispatched to the later than six months after the end of the year to Board within one month after the end of the quar¬ which they refer. er to which they refer; the annual statistics not

The names of countries and territories which have sent no returns are printed in bold type.

? = Return missing

Quarterly Annual

Production Imports and Exports Countries Manufacture Consumption Stocks and 1 2 3 4 Seizures

Bolivia ? Cambodia ? Gabon ? ? ? ? ? Mongolia ? ? ? ? ? Nauru ? ? ? Nepal ? ? ? ? ? Paraguay ? Peru Rwanda ? ? Senegal ? ? ? Sierra Leone ? Sudan ? ? Uruguay ? Viet-Nam: North Viet-Nam ? ? ? ? Yemen ?

? Non-Metropolitan territories

Netherlands: Surinam ?

New Zealand: Cook Islands ?

Portugal: Portuguese Timor ?

United Kingdom: Antigua ? St. Lucia ? St. Vincent Tonga ? Virgin Islands ?

United States: Ryukyu Islands ? ANNEX B

SYNOPTIC TABLES 6

Index of countries and territories mentioned in the tables

TABLE

VIII I VII VII I (a) II III IV V VI VII (a) (c) IX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Countries Page

‡ See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph. — 7 —

Index of countries and territories mentioned in the tables (continued)

TABLE

VIII I VII VII I (a) II III IV V VI VII (a) (c) IX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Countries (cont.) Page — 8 —

Index of countries and territories mentioned in the tables (concluded)

TABLE

VIII I VII VII I (a) II III IV V VI VII (a) (c) IX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Countries (cont.) Page 9

NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

This list shows the narcotic drugs which, at the date of this Report, fell under international control. It is subdivided into two sections, the first enumerating the drugs included in Schedule I of the 1961 Convention (Group I of the 1931 Convention), and the second those in Schedule II thereof (Group II of the 1931 Convention), both as amended. The names and descriptions used are those given in the 1961 Convention or in the official notifications of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. International non-proprietary names selected by the World Health Organization are printed in bold type; in many cases the chemical formulae, and in some cases additional names, are given to facilitate identification. The series of names given in italics include other designations for the basic drug and its salts and also names of preparations containing the drug. For further information on the names, chemical and structural formula of the drugs see document E/CN.7/513 — Narcotic Drugs under International Control — Multilingual List.

1. Drugs included in Schedule I of the 1961 Convention (Group I of the 1931 Convention)

Acetorphine (O3-acetyl-7,8 dihydro-7α-[1(R)-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl]-O6-methyl-6,14-endoethenomorphine or 3-O-acetyltetrahydro-7α- (1-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl-6,14-endoetheno-oripavine or 5-acetoxy-1,2,3a,8,9-hexahydro-2α-[1(R)-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl]-3- methoxy-12-methyl-3,9a-etheno-9,9b-iminoethanophenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan) — M. 183 Acetylmethadol (3-acetoxy-6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenylheptane) — Methadyl acetate Allylprodine (3-allyl-1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine) — Alperidine Alphacetylmethadol (alpha-3-acetoxy-6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenylheptane) Alphameprodine (alpha-3-ethyl-1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine) Alphamethadol (alpha-6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanol) Alphaprodine (alpha-1,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine) — Nisentil, Prisilidene Anileridine (1-para-aminophenethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester or 1-[2-(para-aminophenyl)-ethyl]-4-phenyl- piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) — Leritine Benzethidine (1-(2-benzyloxyethyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) Benzylmorphine (3-benzylmorphine) — Peronine Betacetylmethadol (beta-3-acetoxy-6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenylheptane) Betameprodine (beta-3-ethyl-1 -methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine) Betamethadol (beta-6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanol) Betaprodine (beta-1,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine) Bezitramide (1 -(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-(2-oxo-3 propionyl-1 -benzimidazolinyl)-piperidine) Cannabis (Indian Hemp) and Cannabis resin (Resin of Indian Hemp) Clonitazene (2-para-chlorbenzyl-1-diethylaminoethyl-5-nitrobenzimidazole) Coca Leaf Cocaine (methyl ester of benzoylecgonine) Codoxime (dihydrocodeinone-6-carboxymethyloxime) Concentrate of poppy straw (the material arising when poppy straw has entered into a process for the concentration of its alkaloids, when such material is made available in trade) Desomorphine (dihydrodeoxymorphine) — Permonid, Scopermid Dextromoramide ((+)-4-[2-methyl-4-oxo-3,3-diphenyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl) butyl] morpholine or (+)-3-methyl-2,2-diphenyl-4-morpho- linobutyryl-pyrrolidine) — Alcloid, Errecalma, Jetrium, Palfium, Pynolamidol, R.875 Diampromide (N-[(2-methylphenethylamino) propyl] propionanilide) Diethylthiambutene (3-diethylarnino-1,1-di-(2'-thienyl)-1-butene) — Diethibutin, Diethytiambutene, Themalon Dihydromorphine — Paramorfan Dimenoxadol (2-dimethylaminoethyl-1-ethoxy-1,1-diphenylacetate or dimethylaminoethyl 1-ethoxy-1,1-diphenylacetate or dimethyl¬ aminoethyl diphenyl-alpha-ethoxyacetate) — Lokarin Dimepheptanol (6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanol) — Amidol, Methadol, Pangerin Dimethylthiambutene (3-dimethylamino-1,1-di-(2'-thienyl)-1-butene) — Aminobutene, Dimethibutin, Ohton Dioxaphetyl butyrate (ethyl 4-morpholino-2,2-diphenylbutyrate) — Amidalgon, Spasmoxale Diphenoxylate (1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester or 2,2-diphenyl-4[(4-carbethoxy-4- phenyl) piperidino] butyronitril) — Diphenoxyte, R.1132 Dipipanone (4,4-diphenyl-6-piperidine-3-heptanone) — Diconal, Fenpidon, Pamedone, Phenylpiperone, Pipadone, Piperidylamidone, Piperidylmethadone, Pipidone Ecgonine, its esters and derivatives which are convertible to ecgonine and cocaine Ethylmethylthiambutene (3-ethylmethylamino-1,1-di-(2'-thienyl)-1-butene) — Emethibutin, Ethytmethiambutene Etonitazene (1-diethylaminoethyl-2-para-ethoxybenzyl-5-nitrobenzirnidazole) Etorphine (7,8-dihydro-7α-[1(R)-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl]-O6-methyl-6,14-endoethenomorphine or tetrahydro-7α-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl- butyl)-6,14-endoetheno-oripavine or 1,2,3,3a,8,9-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2α-[1(R)-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl]-3-methoxy-12-methyl- 3,9a-etheno-9,9b-imino-ethanophenanthro [4,5-bcd]furan) — M. 53, M. 99 Etoxeridine (1-[2-hydroxyethoxy) ethyl]-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) — Atenorax, Atenos, Carbetidine Fentanyl (1-phenethyl-4-N-propionylanilinopiperidine) — Hypnorm, Innovar, Ivonal, R 4263, Subtimaze, Thalamonial Furethidine (1-(2-tetrahydrofurfuryloxyethyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) Heroin (diacetylmorphine) — Acetomorphine, Diamorphine, Diaphorm, Eclorion Hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) — Ambenyl, Assicodid, Biatos, Biocodone, Broncodid, Calmodid, Codesona, Codimal, Codinon, Codinovo, Cnfacodide, Cosil, Curadol, Dicodide, Dicodinon Diconone, Dicotrate, Dihydrokon, Dosicodid, Duodin, Hubacodid, Hycodan, Hycomine, Hydrocodin, Hydrokon, Kolikodal, Lisofrin, Mercodol, Multacodin, Neocode, Novahistine-DH, Nyodid, Padrina, Recindal, Resulin, Synkonin, Tucodil, Tuscodin, Tussionex, Uquicodid, Ydrocod Hydromorphinol (14-hydroxydihydromorphine) — 10 —

Hydromorphone (dihydromorphinone) — Assilaudid, Biomorphyl, Cofalaudide, Cormorphin, Dilaudide, Dimorphid, Dimorphinon, Dimorphone, Hymor- phan, Laudacon, Laudadin, Laudamed, Lucodan, Morfikon, Morpbodid, Novolaudon, Percoral, Scolaudol Hydroxypethidine (4-meta-hydroxyphenyl-1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester or 1-methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-piperi- dine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) — Bemidone, Hydropethidine, Oxy-dolantin, Oxypetidin Isomethadone (6-dimethylamino-5-methyl-4,4-diphenyl-3-hexanone) — Isoadanon, Isoamidone Ketobemidone (4-meta-hydroxyphenyl-1-methyl-4-propionylpiperidine or 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-4-piperidyl ethyl ketone or 1-methyl-4-metahydroxyphenyl-4-propionyl piperidine) — Cliradon, Ketogan, Ketogin Levomethorphan * ((—)-3-methoxy-N-methylmorphinan) Levomoramide ((—)-4-[2-methyl-4-oxo-3,3-diphenyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl) butyl] morpholine or (—)-3-methyl-2,2-diphenyl-4-morpholino- butyryl-pyrrolidine) Levophenacylmorphan ((—)-3-hydroxy-N-phenacylmorphinan) Levorphanol * ((—)-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan) — Dromoran, Levo-dromoran, Levorphan Metazocine (2'-hydroxy-2,5,9-trimethyl-6,7-benzomorphan or 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-3,6,11-trimethyl-2,6-methano-3-benza- zocine) — Methobenzorphan Methadone (6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone) — Adanon, Adolan, Afluol, Algidon, Algolysin, Algoxale, Amidone, Amidosan, Butalgin, Depridol, Deptadol, Diaminon, Dianone, Disipan, Dolafin, Dolamid, Dolamina, Dolcsona, Doloheptan, Dolophine, Dolorex, Dorexol, Fenadone, Heptadol, Heptadon, Heptanal, Heptanon, Hes, Ketalgin, Levadone, Mecodin, Mepecton, Mephenon, Metasedin, Methidon, Miadone, Midadone, Moheptan, Optalgin, Panalgen, Parasedin, Petalgin, Phenadon, Physeptone, Polamidon, Polamivet, Porfolan, Quotidine, Quotidon, Sedamidone, Septa-Om, Sin-algin, Spasmo- algolysin, Symoron, Synthanal, Turanone, Vemonyl, Zefalgin Methadone-Intermediate (4-cyano-2-diraethylamino-4,4-diphenylbutane or 2-dimethylamino-4-diphenyl-4-cyano butane) Methyldesorphine (6-methyl-delta 6-deoxymorphine) — Methyidesomorphine Methyldihydromorphine (6-methyldihydromorphine) Metopon (5-methyldihydromorphinone) Moramide-Intermediate (2-methyl-3-morpholino-1,1-diphenylpropanecarboxylic acid or 1-diphenyl-2-rnethyl-3-morpholinopropanecar- boxylic acid) Morpheridine (1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) — Morphotinoethytnorpethidine Morphine Morphine Methobromide and other pentavalent nitrogen morphine derivatives, including in particular the morphine-N-oxide deriv­ atives, one of which is Codeine-N-Oxide Morphine-N-Oxide — Genomorphine, Morphinaminoxyde Myrophine (myristylbenzylmorphine) Nicodicodine (6-nicotinyldihydrocodeine or nicotinic acid ester of dihydrocodeine) Nicomorphine (3,6-dinicotinylmorphine or di-nicotinic acid ester of morphine) — Dinicotinyl morphine, Nicophine, Nocophine, Vendal Vilan Noracymethadol ((±)-alpha-3-acetoxy-6-methylamino-4,4-diphenylheptane) Norlevorphanol ((—)-3-hydroxymorphinan) Normethadone (6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-hexanone or 1,1-diphenyl-1-dimethylaminoethyl-butanone-2 or 1-dimethylamino-3,3- diphenyl-hexanon-(4)) — Deatussan, Extussin, Mepidon, Nicaroa, Normedon, Phenyldimazone, Taurocolo, Ticarda, Tikapect, Tinafon, Veryl Normorphine (demethylmorphine or N-demethylated morphine) Norpipanone (4,4-diphenyl-6-piperidine-3-hexanone) — Hexalgon Opium Oxycodone (14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone or dihydrohydroxycodeinone) — Bionin, Bionone, Boncodal, Cardanon, Codeinon, Cofacodal, Dihydrone, Dinarcon, Dolodorm, Dolordorm, Equimorphine, Escofedal, Eubine, Eucodal, Eucodamine, Eucosan, Eudin, Eukdin, Eumorphal, Hydrocodal, Hydrolaudin, Medicodal, Narcobasina, Narcodal, Narcophedrin, Narcosin, Nargenol, Nargevet, Nucodan, Ocytonargenol, Opton, Oxikon, Oxycodyl, Oxykodal, Pancodine, Pancodone, Pavinal, Penumbrol, Percodan, Proladone, Pronarcin, Sanasmol, Scodoline, Scopedron, Scophedal, Scophol, Sintiodal, Stupenal, Stupenone, Tebodal, Tecodine, Valbine Oxymorphone (14-hydroxydihydromorphinone or dihydrohydroxymorphinone) — Numorphan Pethidine (1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) — Adolens, Algantine, Algil, Alodan, Amphosedal, Amidol, Antidol-lbsa, Amiduol, Antispasmin, Asmalina, Bellalgina, Biphenal, Centralgin, Demerol, Dlspadol, Dodonal, Dot, Dolanquifa, Dolantal, Dolantin, Dolantol, Dolaren, Dolarenil Dolargan, Dolarin, Dolatol, Dolcontral, Dolenal, Dolental, Dolestine, Doleval, Dolin, Dolinal, Dolisan, Dolisina, Doloneurin, Dolopethin, Dolor, Doloridine Dolormin, Dolosal, Dolosil, Dolsin, Dolvanol, Dosilantine, Eudolak, Feldin, Felidin, Gratidina, Isonipecaine, Lorfalgyl, Lydol, Maperidina, Medrinol Mefedina, Mendelgina, Meperidine, Merperidin, Methedine, Mitizan, Narcofor, Neo-mohin, Operidine, Opystan, Pamergan, Pantalgine, Pethanal Pethilorfan, Piperidinethanol, Piridosal, Precedyl, Sauteralgyl, Simesalgina, Spasmedal, Spasmexine, Spasmodolin, Spasmomedalgin, Suppolosal, Supradol Synlaudine. Pethidine-Intermediate-A (4-cyano-l-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine or 1 -methyl-4-phenyl-4-cyanopiperidine) Pethidine-Intermediate-B (4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester or ethyl 4-phenyl-4-piperidinecarboxylate) — Norpethidine Pethidine-Intermediate-C (1 -methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid) Phenadoxone (6-morpholino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone) — Hepagin, Heptalgin, Heptalin, Heptazone, Heptone Phenampromide (N-(1-methyl-2-piperidinoethyl) propionanilide or N-[2-(1-methylpiperid-2'yl)ethyl]-propionanilide) Phenazocine (2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-2-phenethyl-6,7-benzomorphan or 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-hydroxy-6,11-dimethyl-3-phenethyl- 2,6-methano-3-benzazocine) — Narcidine, Narphen, Phenobenzorphan, Prinadol Phenomorphan (3-hydroxy-N-phenethylmorphinan) Phenoperidine (1-(3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester or 1-phenyl-3-(4-carbethoxy-4-phenyl- piperidine)-propanol) — Phenopropidine, R.1406 Piminodine (4-phenyl-1-(3-phenylaminopropyl) piperidine-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) — Alvodine, Anopridine, Cimadon Piritramide (1-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-(1-piperidino) piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide or 2,2-diphenyl-4-[l-(4-carbamoyl- 4-piperidino)-] butyronitrile) — ARC I-D-21, Dipidolor, R.3365 Proheptazine (1,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxyazacycloheptane or 1,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxyhexamethyleneimine) — Dimepheprimine Properidine (1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester) — Gevelina, Ipropethidine, Isopedine, Spasmo-dolisina Racemethorphan (( ±)-3-methoxy-N-methylmorphinan) Racemoramide ((±)-4-[2-methyl-4-oxo-3,3-diphenyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl) butyl] morpholine or (±)-3-methyl-2,2-diphenyl-4-morpholino- butyryl-pyrrolidine) Racemorphan ((±)-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan) — Citarin, Methorphinan Thebacon (acetyldihydrocodeinone or acetyldemethylodihydrothebaine) — Acedicon, Cofadicon, Negadol, Novocodon, Thebacetyl Thebaine Trimeperidine (1,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine) — Isopromedol, Promedol; and

* Dextromethorphan ((+)-3-methoxy-N-methyImorphinan) and dextrorphan ((+)-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan) are spe­ cifically excluded from this Schedule. — II —

The isomers, unless specifically excepted, of the drugs in this Schedule whenever the existence of such isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation; The esters and ethers, unless appearing in another Schedule, of the drugs in this Schedule whenever the existence of such esters or ethers is possible; The salts of the drugs listed in this Schedule, including the salts of esters, ethers and isomers as provided above whenever the existence of such salts is possible.

2. Drugs included in Schedule II of the 1961 Convention (Group II of the 1931 Convention)

Acetyldihydrocodeine Codeine (3-methylmorphine) Dihydrocodeine Ethylmorphine (3-ethylmorphine) — Dionine Nicocodine (6-nicotinylcodeine or 6-(pyridine-3-carboxylic acid)-codeine ester) — Nicotinoylcodeine Norcodeine (N-demethylcodeine) Pholcodine (morpholinylethylmorphine or beta-morpholinylethylmorphine); and The isomers, unless specifically excepted, of the drugs in this Schedule whenever the existence of such isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation; The salts of the drugs listed in this Schedule, including the salts of the isomers as provided above whenever the existence of such salts is possible. CHART SHOWING SUCCESSIVE PHASES FROM THE PRODUCTION OF THE RAW MATERIAL TO THE CONSUMPTION OF THE FINISHED PRODUCT, WITH REFERENCES TO TABLES

OPIUM POPPY

POPPY STRAW OPIUM Production TABLE I, I (a) Utilized for the manufacture Utilized for the manufacture of morphine „ I,III of morphine . . . TABLE III other purposes „ I Export VIII Export „ I, VIII Import „ VIII Import „ VIII

CONCENTRATE OF POPPY STRAW Utilized for the manufacture of morphine TABLE III Export " VIII Import " VIII

MORPHINE Manufacture TABLE III, VI THEBAINE Conversion . V Export . . VIII Manufacture . . TABLE VI Import VIII Consumption VII, VII (a)

Substances CODEINE & ETHYLMORPHINE Other drugs not covered by Manufacture . TABLE VI covered by the Conventions Export ... „ VIII the Manufacture TABLE VI, VI (a) Import ... „ VIII Conventions Consumption .... VII (b) Consumption „ VII, VII (a)

COCA BUSH

COCA LEAVES Production TABLE II Utilized for the manufacture of crude cocaine and cocaine „ II, IV chewing „ II Export „ II, VIII Import „ VIII

CRUDE COCAINE (incl. ECGONINE) COCAINE Manufacture TABLE IV Manufacture TABLE IV, VI Utilized for the manufacture of cocaine . . ,, IV Export. . . „ VIII Import. . . „ VIII Consumption ,, VII, VII (a)

SYNTHETIC NARCOTIC DRUGS Manufacture TABLE VI, VI (a) Export (Pethidine and Methadone only) „ VIII Import (Pethidine and Methadone only) „ VIII Consumption (Pethidine, Methadone and Dextromoramide only) „ VII Consumption of other synthetic narcotic drugs „ VII (b) — 13 —

EXPLANATORY NOTE for Tables I to VII

1. Scope. — The seven synoptic tables which follow ernments were requested to furnish this informa­ show the principal phases in the licit movement of tion for the first time for 1966. The statistical narcotic drugs, from the production of the raw information on cannabis is presented in the narrative material to the consumption of the finished product, part of this document. during 1968 and the preceding four years.

2. Substances appearing in the tables. — Among 3. Totals. — When most, but not all, countries have the substances falling under the International Con­ furnished statistics, the total has been inserted in the ventions on Narcotic Drugs, the following appear columns with a statement to the effect that it is separately in view of the importance of their produc­ incomplete; in such columns question marks will tion, trade and utilization: (a) opium, opium alkaloids indicate the countries for which statistics are lacking. and their derivatives: morphine, thebaine, codeine, When the statistics of too many countries are lacking ethylmorphine (dionine); (b) poppy straw and concen­ for such a total to have any significance, a question trate of poppy straw; (c) coca leaves and cocaine; mark has been inserted in its place. (d) synthetic narcotic drugs: pethidine, methadone and dextromoramide. Each of these substances is 4. Relation between production and utilization. — dealt with individually in separate tables or columns. In examining the relation between production or With regard to the other derivatives of opium manufacture on the one hand and utilization on the alkaloids and other synthetic narcotic drugs, the other, allowance must be made for the fact that the quantities manufactured have been grouped in two quantities utilized in any one year are not always columns under the heading " Other " derivatives of derived entirely from amounts produced or manu­ opium alkaloids, and "Other" synthetic narcotic factured during that same year; some part may have drugs, and are enumerated in footnotes. To amplify been drawn from stocks or imported. This explains this information, two further tables have been added, why the figures for utilization are sometimes higher showing the total manufacture and total consumption than those for production or manufacture. of each of these drugs. Wherever the production or consumption of one of these drugs, whether a 5. Yield from manufacture. — It will be noted that derivative of opium alkaloids or a synthetic narcotic the yield from manufacture varies from one year to drug, reaches one kilogramme in at least one country, another, sometimes to a considerable extent. This the drug appears in these tables. is often due to the fact that the yield for any given Prior to the coming into force of the 1961 Conven­ year includes a certain proportion of finished products tion, Governments were not required to furnish obtained from raw materials the processing of which statistics on production and main utilizations of was begun in the previous year. An average for cannabis and cannabis resin. In accordance with the several successive years will provide a much more provisions of the 1961 Convention, however, Gov­ reliable indication of the actual yields. — 14 -

TABLE I. — OPIUM: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND EXPORT DECLARED BY PRODUCING COUNTRIES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Country Utilization for Export Total (in alphabetical Year of utiliza­ order) Production the manu­ to morphine- tion and non-medical to other Total facture of manufacturing export purposes countries (4 + 6) morphine countries (2+3+8)

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. %of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. total total total col. 4 col. 6 col. 8

a Consistency of 70°. c Consistency of 88°. b Consistency of 90°. d Consistency of 88-90°. — 15 —

TABLE I. — OPIUM: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND EXPORT DECLARED BY PRODUCING COUNTRIES (concluded)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Country Utilization for Export Total (in alphabetical Year of utiliza­ order) Production the manu­ to morphine- tion and non-medical to other Total facture of manufacturing export purposes countries (4 + 6) morphine countries (2+3 + 8

% of %of Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. col. 4 col. 6 col. 8

YUGOSLAVIA .... 1964 6 649 7 629 350 Negl. 350 Negl. 7 979 1965 9 273 19 175 — — — — — 19 175 1966 2 705 12 806 — — — 211 58.4 211 Negl. 13 017 1967 6 695 6 821 — — — — — — 6 821 1968 1 463 1245 — — — — — 1 245

TOTAL . . . 1964 939 672 a 340 665 8 037 a 662 791 TOO 54 100 662 845 100 1 011 547a 1965 900 941 a 370 173 6 957 a 683 380 100 83 100 683 463 100 1 060 593 a a 1966 781 121 429 893 7 013 a 833 488 100 361 100 833 849 100 1 270 755 a 1967 777 262 a 365 954 a 6 538 a 572 848 100 28 100 572 876 100 945 368 a 1968 993 252 a 324 775 5 520 a 646 807 100 113 100 646 920 100 977 215 a

a Incomplete.

Table 1(a). — Area cultivated with the poppy for the production of opium

Country Year Hectares Country Year Hectares

BULGARIA 1964 329 PAKISTAN 1964 688 1965 321 1965 339 1966 84 1966 340 1967 123 1967 332 1968 1968 332

TURKEY 1964 28 000 ? BURMA 1964 1965 22 300 1965 ? ? 1966 24 000 1966 1967 ? 20 600 1967 1968 13 000 1968 ? UNION OF SOVIET 1964 21 046 SOCIALIST INDIA ? 1965 18 894 REPUBLICS 1964 ? 1966 12 064 1965 ? 1967 14 194 1966 ? 1968 23 970 1967 1968 ?

JAPAN 1964 33 YUGOSLAVIA 1961 2 100 1965 25 1965 2 600 1966 5 1966 800 1967 5 1967 860 1968 4 1968 1 200 — 16 —

TABLE II. — COCA LEAVES: PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND EXPORT DECLARED BY PRODUCING COUNTRIES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Country Utilization for Export to countries where the coca leaves are used for Total of (in alphabetical Year utilization order) Production the manu­ and the manufacture Total facture of chewing chewing export cocaine of cocaine (4 + 6) (2 + 3 + 8)

% of % of % of Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. col. 4 col. 6 col. 8 BOLIVIA 1964 3 285 147 ? 532 0.1 128 886 100 129 418 24.7 ? 1965 ? ? 87 322 24.5 150 100 87 472 24.5 ? 1966 5 276 795 ? 9 500 100 9 500 3.5 ? 1967 5 058 168 ? 61 300 100 61 823 21.3 ? 1968 4 202 619 ? ? 56 840 100 56 840 15.6 ? 523 0.2 INDONESIA 1964 456 1965 300 4 000 1.1 4 000 1966 3 160 4 000 1967 1.1 1968

a b c PERU 1964 9 050 530 203 113 8 452 307 395 110 99.9 395 110 75.3 9 050 530 a b c 1965 9 076 759 68 181 8 749 124 265 826 74.4 265 826 74.4 9 083 131 c 1966 9 091 517 16 472 8 813 753 261 292 100 261 292 96.5 9 091 517 1967 8 505 026 17 965 8 257 559 228 082 99.8 228 082 78.7 8 503 606 1968 8 755 911 57 616 8 392 327 308 441 100 308 441 84.4 8 758 384

TOTAL . . . 1964 12 336 133 203 113 ? 395 642 100 128 886 100 524 528 100 ? 1965 ? 68 181 ? 357 148 100 150 100 357 298 100 ? 1966 14 371 472 16 472 ? 261 292 100 9 500 100 270 792 100 ? 1967 13 563 194 17 965 ? 228 605 100 61 300 100 289 905 100 ? 1968 12 958 530 57 616 ? 308 441 100 56 840 100 365 281 100 ?

a According to the Peruvian authorities, this figure has been calcu­ c According to the Peruvian authorities, this figure has been calcu­ lated on the basis of the taxes collected on the leaves. lated by deducting from the quantifies which were produced the amounts b Used for the manufacture of crude cocaine. which were exported and used for the manufacture of crude cocaine. TABLE III TABLE III. — MANUFACTURE OF MORPHINE *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Raw material utilized for the manufacture Country Poppy straw Morphine manufactured of morphine (in alphabetical Year utilized for the Concentrate order) manufacture of of poppy straw Total from con­ concentrate of manufactured Concentrate of from poppy poppy straw Opium Poppy straw from opium centrate of poppy straw straw poppy straw

% of Yield Yield Yield Yield % of % of % of Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. col. 17 Kg. col. 17 Kg. tolal % of % col. 17 col. 17 total col. 3 18 * Before 1960, concentrate of poppy straw was considered to be crude morphine. As from ‡ See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph. 1966, however, in accordance with Schedule I of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, a Including 28 kg. recuperated. concentrate of poppy straw is considered as a separate drug. Consequently, for the years 1964 b and 1965, the figures relating to the poppy straw utilized in the manufacture of morphine take into Statistics incomplete. account the quantities of straw used for the manufacture of concentrate, and the quantities of c Including 1 kg. obtained from the conversion of 2 kg. of heroin. morphine manufactured include the amount of morphine contained in the concentrate of poppy d straw thus obtained. Including 29 kg. obtained from the conversion of 45 kg. of heroin. TABLE III. — MANUFACTURE OF MORPHINE * (concluded)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Country Raw material utilized for the manufacture Morphine manufactured Poppy straw of morphine (in alphabetical Year utilized for the Concentrate order) manufacture of of poppy straw Total from con­ concentrate of manufactured Concentrate of from poppy poppy straw Opium Poppy straw from opium centrate of poppy straw straw poppy straw

Yield % of Yield Yield Yield % % % of % of total Kg. Kg. total Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. col. 17 Kg. col. 17 Kg. col. 17 Kg. % col. 3 % % % col. 17 — 2 0 — 21 — b a n of heroin. Including 6 kg. obtained from the conversio n of heroin. Including 18 kg. obtained from the conversio e Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, however, in accordance with Schedule I of th s considered to be crude morphine. As from * Before 1966, concentrate of poppy straw wa 1906, f morphine contained in the concentrate of poppy- morphine manufactured include the amount o manufacture of concentrate, and the quantities of account the quantities of straw used for the straw thus obtained. separate drug. Consequently, for the years 1964 concentrate of poppy straw is considered as a w utilized in the manufacture of morphine take into and 1965, the ligures relating to the poppy stra — 22 —

TABLE IV. — MANUFACTURE OF COCAINE *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Country Coca leaves utilized Crude cocaine Year for the manufacture of (in alphabetical order) Cocaine manu­ utilized for the ma­ manufactured crude cocaine cocaine factured nufacture of cocaine

Yield Yield Yield Kg. total Kg. % % Kg. Kg. % Kg. col. 8

* As from 1966, in accordance with the provisions of the Single for the manufacture of crude cocaine, and the figures of cocaine manu­ Convention of 1961, separate figures for crude cocaine are no longer factured include the pure cocaine content of crude cocaine manufactured requested; therefore since 1966, the quantities of coca leaves indicated as from these coca leaves. having been used for the manufacture of cocaine include also those used — 23 —

TABLE IV. — MANUFACTURE OF COCAINE* (concluded)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Coca leaves utilized Country Crude cocaine Year for the manufacture of (in alphabetical order) Cocaine manu­ utilized for the ma­ manufactured crude cocaine cocaine factured nufacture of cocaine

Yield Yield Yield % of total Kg. % Kg. % Kg. Kg. % Kg. col. 8

* As from 1966, in accordance with the provisions of the Single Convention of 1961, separate figures for crude cocaine are no longer requested; therefore since 1966 the quantities of coca leaves indicated as having been used for the manufacture of cocaine include also those used for the manu­ facture of crude cocaine, and the figures of cocaine manufactured include the pure cocaine content of crude cocaine manufactured from these coca leaves. a Obtained from raw materials processed before 1965. b The totals do not represent the sum of the figures shown in this column, but have been adjusted to allow for the fact that the figures of manu­ facture of the United States include crude cocaine exported for refining, while the countries which imported the crude cocaine have also included in their figures the quantities of crude cocaine utilized and the quantities of pure cocaine obtained therefrom. TABLE V. — CONVERSION OF MORPHINE

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B 11 C 12

Morphine utilized for conversion Country (in alphabetical Year Morphine into drugs into drugs of Schedule II of the Single Morphine order) manufac­ of Schedule I Convention of 1961 into substances Total unconverted tured of the Single not covered by (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 (A minus B) Convention Ethylmorphine the Conventions + 9) Codeine Pholcodine of 1961 (Dionine)

Kg. Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of A A A A A A A — 2 4 - — 25 — morphine converted was imported and not This ratio has not been calculated since the e Statistics incomplete. manufactured in the country. kg. converted into acetyldihydrocodeine. 1 d into acetyldihydrocodeine. kg. converted into dihydrocodeine and 10 kg. converte 19 . See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph b c a e and Including 19 kg. converted into dihydrocodein e major part of the morphine converted was This ratio has not been calculated since th Including ‡ . imported and not manufactured in the country TABLE V. — CONVERSION OF MORPHINE (concluded)

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B 11 C 12

Morphine utilized for conversion Country (in alphabetical Year Morphine into drugs into drugs of Schedule II of the Single Morphine order) manufac­ of Schedule I Convention of 1961 into substances Total unconverted tured of the Single not covered by (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 (A minus B) Convention Ethyhnorphine the Conventions + 9) Codeine Pholcodine of 1961 (Dionine)

Kg. Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of Kg. % of A A A A A A A — 26 — 2 7

a This ratio has not been calculated since the morphine converted was imported and not e Including 1071 kg. of morphine converted into codeine, ethylmorphine and pholcodim- manufactured in the country. which South Africa declared without stating the amounts of morphine converted into each in b This ratio has not been calculated since the major part of the morphine converted was these substances. imported and not manufactured in the country. f This percentage takes into account the morphine converted into codeine, ethylmorphine c The totals in columns A and C are not necessarily the totals of the figures shown under these and pholcodine, which South Africa declared without stating the amounts of morphine converted headings. Those in column A were taken from Table III, column 17; they include manufacture, into each of these substances. if any, in countries—not shown in the present table—where no conversion has taken place. Those g Including 1874 kg. of morphine converted into codeine, ethylmorphine and pholcodine, in column C represent the difference between the totals in columns A and B (A minus B). which South Africa declared without stating the amounts of morphine converted into each of d Incomplete. these substances. TABLE VI. MANUFACTURE OF THE NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS

OPIUM ALKALOIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES SYNTHETIC NARCOTIC DRUGS

Mor­ COCAINE * Country Ethyl- phine Dextro¬ c (in alphabetical Year b Methadone Others uncon­ Thebaine Codeine morphine Others Pethidine moramide order) a verted (Dionine)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

% of % of % of % of % of % of % of % of Kg. Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total col. 2 col. 4 col. 6 col. 8 col. 10 col. 12 col. 14 col. 16 col. 18 ‡ See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph. mide, dextromoramide and levoinoramide may be manufactured), nonnethadone, pethidine inter­ * As from 1966, the figures of manufacture include the pure cocaine contained in crude cocaine. mediates A. B and C, phenadoxone, phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, properidine, race- a moramide (from which are manufactured dextromoramide and levomoramide) and trimeperidine. The figures shown in this column represent the net manufacture of morphine; they do not The totals of the manufacture of each of these drugs are given in Table VI (a). include the amounts used for conversion into other drugs. The totals were taken from Table V d column C, and are not necessarily the totals of the figures shown in the present table (see note c, Statistics incomplete. page 27). Gross manufacture, including the amounts used for conversion, is shown in Table III, e Normethadone (308 kg.) and pethidine intermediate A (2514 kg.). column 17. f b Methadone intermediate (426 kg.), normethadone (325 kg.) and pethidine intermediate A Acetyldihydrocorteine, benzylmorphne, codeine-N-oxide, codoxime, dihydrocodeine, dihy¬ (1560 kg.). dromorphine, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, nicocodine, nicomorphine, oxycodone, oxy¬ g morphone, pholcodine and thebacon. The totals of the manufacture of each of these drugs are Methadone intermediate (484 kg.) normethadone (276 kg.) and pethidine intermediate A (3527 kg.). given in Table VI (a). h c Alphaprodine, anileridine, diethylthiambutene, diphenoxylate, dipipanone, fentanvl, keto¬ Normethadone (356 kg.) and pethidine intermediate A (1482 kg.). bemidone, levorphanol, methadone intermediate, moramide intermediate from which racemora¬ i Pethidine intermediate A. TABLE VI. — MANUFACTURE OF THE NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (continued)

OPIUM ALKALOIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES SYNTHETIC NARCOTIC DRUGS

Mor­ COCAINE * Country Ethyl- phine c (in alphabetical Year b Methadone Dextro¬ Others uncon­ Thebaine Codeine morphine Others Pethidine order) a moramide verted (Dionine)

1 2 3 i 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

% of % of % of % of % of % of % of of % of % Kg. Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total col. 2 col. 4 col. 6 col. 8 col. 10 col. 12 col. 14 col. 16 col. 18 _ 30 — — 31 — Trimeperidine. i e g h d f e (892 kg.). Racemoramide (753 kg.) and moramide intermediat in 1964 and 428 kg. in 1965. 1239 kg. of crude cocaine were manufactured e (826 kg.) and pethidine intermediate A Racemoramide (576 kg.), moramide intermediat e (713 kg.) and pethidine intermediate A Racemoramide (373 kg.), moramide intermediat e (611 kg.) and pethidine intermediate A Racemoramide (594 kg.), moramide intermediat e (36 kg.). Racemoramide (703 kg.) and moramide intermediat (1285 kg.). (332 kg.). , phenoperidine, piminodine, properidine, intermediates A, B and C, phenadoxone, phenazocine (1298 kg.). dextromoramide and levomoramide) and trime­ racemoramide (from which are. manufactured h of these drugs are given in Table VI (a). peridine. The totals of the manufacture of eac c , a b c , codoxime, dihydrocodeine, dihdro-, Acetyldihydrocodeine, benzylmorphine, codeine-N-oxide e net manufacture of morphine; they do not The figures shown in this column represent, th , diphenoxylate, dipipanone, fentanyl, keto¬ Alphaprodine, anileridine, diethylthiambutene e the pure cocaine contained in crude cocaine. * As from 1966, the figures of manufacture includ

other drugs. The totals were taken from Table V include the amounts used for conversion into s used for conversion, is shown in Table III, page 27). Gross manufacture, including the amount f the figures shown in the present table (see note column C, and are not necessarily the totals o column 17. , nicocodine, nicomorphine, oxycodone, oxymor¬ morphine, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone of the manufacture of each of these drugs are given phone, pholcodine and thebacon. The totals in Table VI (a) , moramide intermediate (from which racemora¬ bemidone, levorphanol, methadone intermediate y be manufactured), normethadone. pethidine mide, dextromoramide and levomoramide ma TABLE VI. — MANUFACTURE OF THE NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (concluded)

OPIUM ALKALOIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES SYNTHETIC NARCOTIC DRUGS

Mor­ COCAINE * Country Ethyl- c phine Dextro¬ Others (in alphabetical Year Thebaine Codeine morphine Others h Pethidine Methadone uncon­ moramide order) a (Dionine) verted

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

% of % of % of % of % of % of % of % of % of Kg. Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total Kg. total col. 2 col. 4 col. 6 col. 8 col. 10 col. 12 col. 14 col. 16 col. 18 — 3 2

* As from 1966, the figures of manufacture include the pure cocaine contained in crude cocaine. d Including 28 kg. of methadone intermediate, 2 111 kg. of pethidine intermediate A and a The figures shown in this column represent the net manufacture of morphine; they do not 4 kg. of pethidine intermediate 0. include the amounts used for conversion into other drugs. The totals were taken from Table V e column C, and are not necessarily the totals of the figures shown in the present table (see note c, Including 138 kg. of methadone intermediate, 4 544 kg. of pethidine intermediate A and page 27). Gross manufacture, including the amounts used for conversion, is shown in Table III, 94 kg. of pethidine intermediate B. column 17. f Including 70 kg. of methadone intermediate, 3 704 kg. of pethidine intermediate A and 40 kg. b Acelyldihydrocodeine, benzylmorphine, codeine-N-oxide, codoxime, dihydrocodeine. dihy¬ of pethidine intermediate C. dromorphiue. heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, nicocodine, nicomorphine, oxycodone, g Including 109 kg. of methadone intermediate, 5 575 kg. of pethidine intermediate A and oxymorphone, pholcodine and thebacon. The totals of the manufacture of each of these drugs 94 kg. of pethidine intermediate C. are given in Table VI (a). h c Alphaprodine, anileridine, diethylthiambutene, diphenoxylate, dipipanone, fentanyl, keto¬ Including 49 kg. of methadone intermediate, 4 259 kg. of pethidine intermediate A and hemidone, levorphanol, methadone intermediate, moramide intermediate (from which racemora¬ 85 kg. of pethidine intermediate C. mide, dextromoramide and levomoramide may be manufactured), normethadone, pethedine inter­ i The totals do not represent the sum of the figures shown in this column, but have been mediates A, B and C, phenadoxone, phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, properidine, race¬ adjusted to allow for the fact that the figures of manufacture of the United States include crude moramide (from which are manufactured dextromoramide and levomoramide) and trimeperidine. cocaine exported for refining, while the countries which imported the crude cocaine have also The totals of the manufacture of each of these drugs are given in Table VI (a). included in their figures the quantities of pure cocaine obtained therefrom. — 33 —

TABLE VI (a). — MANUFACTURE OF NARCOTIC DRUGS OTHER THAN THOSE SPECIFIED IN TABLE VI

1. Derivatives of opium alkaloids 2. Synthetic narcotic drugs

1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968

Kilogrammes Kilogrammes

Dihydrocodeine 5 463 6 005 6 134 5 621 6 796 Pethidine Pholcodine 2 561 1882 3 154 2 444 4 231 intermediate A 5 923 6 104 7 231 8 342 5 715 Hydrocodone 905 871 862 1001 875 Trimeperidine 1300 1 100 1000 1000 947 Oxycodone 590 570 530 761 678 Diphenoxylate 347 428 356 577 787 Thebacon 213 113 123 8 136 Moramide intermediate 611 892 36 826 713 Heroin 65 90 92 75 108 Racemoramide 594 753 703 576 373 Hydromorphone 40 44 77 65 43 372 284 203 132 256 Acetyldihydrocodeine 32 17 37 28 40 Pethidine Oxymorphone 10 15 22 23 28 intermediate B 109 221 181 334 235 Nicomorphine 6 9 8 7 12 Levomoramide 170 210 267 109 186 Dihydromorphine 24 69 10 69 9 Pethidine Nicocodine 5 3 1 1 4 intermediate C 5 100 45 163 94 Codeine-N-oxide 2 2 1 1 51 87 89 99 65 Codoxime a 2 Methadone intermediate 28 572 562 109 49 Benzylmorphine 165 264 — Normethadone 330 389 324 443 37 Alphaprodine 36 44 27 27 34 Ketobemidone 78 98 22 106 21 a Brought under control in September 1967. Diethylthiambutene 15 17 17 15 17 Piritramideb 11 13 — 15 Fentanylc — 1 3 5 — — 1 2 5 Levorphanol 7 — 3 3 4 1 3 — — 3 Phenoperidine — — 1 1 1 Piminodine — — 45 — — Phenadoxone 9 — — — —

b Brouhgt under control in August 1965. c Brought under control in January 1964. TABLE VII. — CONSUMPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS

Note: a Under the terms of the 1931 Convention, Governments are not bound to declare consumption of codeine and elhylmorphine (dionine), but where Governments volunteered this informa­ tion their own figures have been inserted in the table. Those figures bearing asterisks have been calculated by the Board on the basis of other statistics furnished by the Governments in respect of these two drugs. Under the terms of the 1961 Convention, however, Governments are required to declare their consumption of codeine and ethylmorphine (dionine). b The quantities which countries reported as having been used in the manufacture of preparations for the export of which authorizations are not required, whether such preparations are intended for domestic consumption or for export, were included in the figures of consumption reproduced in this table. It may be assumed that in the case of countries which did not report the quantities of codeine or ethylmorphine so used, the figures of consumption of these drugs, whether furnished by Governments or computed by the Board, generally also include quantities used in this manufacture. The quantities which Governments reported as having been used in the manufacture of such preparations, and which were added by the Board to the figures on consumption, are reproduced separately in Table VII (a).

Ethylmorphine † Morphine † Codeine † Cocaine † Pethidine Methadone Dextromoramide (Dionine)

Country Year (in alphabetical order) Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ tants tants tants tants tants tants tants

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. — 3 4 — — 35 - See note b at the head of the table. † a at the head of the table.

* See note TABLE VII. — CONSUMPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (continued)

Ethylmorphine † Morphine † Codeine † Cocaine † Pethidine Methadone Dextromoramide (Dionine)

Country Year (in alphabetical order) Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ tants tants tants tants tants tants tants

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. - 3 6 - 37 — a Statistics incomplete. See note b at the head of the table. † * See note a at the head of the table. TABLE VII. CONSUMPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (continued)

Ethylmorphine † Morphine † Codeine † Cocaine † Pethidine Methadone Dextromoramide (Dionine)

Country Year (in alphabetical order) Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ tants tants tants tants tants tants tants

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. - 3 8 - — 39 — See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph. See note b at the head of the table. ‡ † * See nolo a at the head of the table. TABLE VII. — CONSUMPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (continued)

Ethylmorphine † Morphine Codeine † Cocaine † Pethidine Methadone Dextromoramide (Dionine)

Country Year (in alphabetical order) Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ tants tants tants tants tants tants tants

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. 40 — 41 — See note b at the head of the table. † * See note a at the head of the table. TABLE VII. — CONSUMPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (continued)

Ethylmorphine † Morphine † Codeine † Cocaine † Pethidine Methadone Dextromoramide (Dionine)

Country Year (in alphabetical order) Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ tants tants tants tants tants tants tants

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. — 4 2 — 43 - See note b at the head of the table. † * See note a at the head of the table. TABLE VII. — CONSUMPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (continued)

Morphine † Codeine † Ethylmorphine † Cocaine † Pethidine Methadone Dextromoramide (Dionine)

Country (in alphabetical order) Year Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ tants tants tants tants tants tants tants

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. 4 — 45 — See note b at the head of the table. † * See note a at the head of he table. TABLE VII. — CONSUMPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (continued)

Ethylmorphine Morphine † Codeine † Cocaine † Pethidine Methadone Dextromoramide (Dionine) †

Country Year (in alphabetical order) Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ tants tants tants tants tants tants tants

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. 4 6 — 47 - See note b at the head of the table. † * See note a at the head of the table. TABLE VII. — CONSUMPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL NARCOTIC DRUGS FALLING UNDER THE CONVENTIONS (concluded)

Ethylmorphine † Methadone Dextromoramide Morphine † Codeine † (Dionine) Cocaine † Pethidine

Country Year (in alphabetical order) Per Per Per Per Per Per Per Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million Absolute million figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ figure inhabi­ tants tants tants tants tants tants tants -4 8 - — 49 - a See note b at the head of the table. Statistics incomplete. † * See note a at the head of the table. — 50 —

TABLE VII (a). — UTILIZATION OF MORPHINE, CODEINE, ETHYLMORPHINE AND COCAINE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PREPARATIONS FOR THE EXPORT OF WHICH AUTHORIZATIONS ARE NOT REQUIRED

Note: In accordance with the usual interpretation of Article 22, paragraph 1, of the 1931 Convention, Governments generally did not declare the quantities of codeine and ethylmorphine used in such manufacture. In accordance with the provisions of the Single Convention, however, Governments are required to furnish this information.

Country Ethyl- Country Ethyl- Year Morphine Codeine Cocaine Year Morphine Codeine Cocaine (in alphabetical order) morphine (in alphabetical order) morphine

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg.

a The consumption figures which appear in Table VII include the amounts utilized in the manufacture of preparations for the export of which authorizations are not required. — 51 —

TABLE VII (a). — UTILIZATION OF MORPHINE, CODEINE, ETHYLMORPHINE AND COCAINE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PREPARATIONS FOR THE EXPORT OF WHICH AUTHORIZATIONS ARE NOT REQUIRED (concluded)

Country Ethyl- Country Ethyl- Year Morphine Codeine Cocaine Year Morphine Codeine Cocaine (in alphabetical order) morphine (in alphabetical order) morphine

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg.

a Incomplete. — 52 —

TABLE VII (b). — CONSUMPTION OF NARCOTIC DRUGS OTHER THAN THOSE SPECIFIED IN TABLE VII

1. Derivatives of opium alkaloids 2. Synthetic narcotic drugs

1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968

Kilogrammes Kilogrammes

Dihydrocodeine 5 196 5 747 5 760 5 014 7 457 Trimeperidine 1297 1 199 996 987 900 Pholcodine 2 127 2 348 2 450 2 941 3 733 Diphenoxylate 264 306 405 490 851 Hydrocodone 727 801 778 830 907 Normethadone 285 378 322 297 294 Oxycodone 575 553 552 580 620 Anileridine 294 316 272 333 250 Thebacon 102 120 101 92 98 Dipipanone 68 75 81 93 91 Hydromorphone 67 62 56 57 71 Ketobemidone 67 72 66 66 68 Benzylmorphine 77 80 71 53 69 Alphaprodine 39 42 37 39 30 Heroin 59 65 62 60 68 Piminodine 48 41 80 25 14 Acetyldihydrocodeine 27 15 31 38 43 Norpipanone — 2 17 13 12 Oxymorphone 11 16 18 27 19 Diethylthiambijtene 11 11 12 12 10 Nicomorphine 4 6 7 8 9 Levorphanol 9 12 5 6 5 Nicocodine 3 7 2 2 3 Phenazocine 3 3 2 2 3 Codeine-N-oxide 2 2 — 1 1 Pethidine Metopon 1 — — 3 — intermediate A — 1 2 2 2 Piritramide a 2 Properidine 2 2 1 1 1 Phenoperidine — — 1 1 — Phenadoxone 9 6 1 — — Dimethylthiambutene 1 — — — —

a Brought under control in August 1965. — 53 —

TABLE VII (c). — CONSUMPTION OF NARCOTIC DRUGS*: NUMBER OF THERAPEUTIC DOSES CONSUMED ANNUALLY PER 1000 INHABITANTS

The following table indicates the number of therapeutic doses of analgesic and anti-tussive narcotic drugs consumed per 1,000 inhabitants in the fifty countries with the highest consumption rates. The figures also include quantities used in the manufacture of exempted preparations, whether intended for home consumption or for export. This may to some extent affect the data of the countries exporting such preparations.

(Average of the years 1964-1968 for all countries listed)

Denmark 18 046 Romania 2 805 Finland 14 225 Argentina 2 633 Australia 12 443 Japan 2 556 United Kingdom 11 582 Spain 2 370 Belgium 10 240 Poland 2 289 France 9 730 Cuba 2 179 Sweden 9 177 Turkey 1 950 New Zealand 9 038 Rep. of Viet-Nam 1 605 Switzerland 8 840 Mexico 1 569 Israel 8 155 Chile 1 276 Canada 8 003 Portugal 1 256 Hungary 7 015 Pakistan 1 140 Czechoslovakia 6 814 Venezuela 1 131 Fed. Rep. of Germany 6 619 Greece 1 017 Norway 5 818 Lebanon 966 United States 5 736 Brazil 900 Bulgaria 5 592 Burma 816 German Democ. Rep. ‡ 4 742 Peru 762 Ireland 4 437 Panama 753 USSR 3 955 Colombia 665 Netherlands 3 528 Albania 622 South Africa 3 447 United Arab Republic 603 Italy 3 326 Morocco 520 Austria 3 158 Kenya 468 Yugoslavia 2 932 India 429

* Acetyldihydrocodeine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine, codeine, dextromoramide, diethylthiambutene, dihydrocodeine, dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, diphenoxylate, dipipanone, ethylmorphine, heroin, hydrocodone, hydomorphone, isomethadone, ketobemidone, levorphanol, methadone, metopon, morphine, nicocodine, nicomorphine, normethadone, norpipanone, opium, roxycodone, oxymorphone, pethidine, phenadoxone, phenazocine. phenoperidine, pholcodine, piminodine, properidine, thebacon and trimeperidine. ‡ See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph.

— 55 -

TABLE VIII

WORLD TRADE (IMPORTS-EXPORTS) IN 1968

EXPLANATORY NOTE

1. The figures given in the tables have been furnished by the Governments in Statistical Form A/S (Quarterly Statistics of Imports and Exports). Where no return has been furnished or where returns are lacking for one or more quarters, the figures are necessarily incomplete and apply only to the period for which returns have been received. When it occurs, this fact is mentioned in a footnote.

2. In any table, a country appears under the heading " Importing countries " only if the annual total of its imports of the substance in question amounts to:

A thousand kilogrammes in the case of OPIUM, POPPY STRAW, CONCENTRATE OF POPPY STRAW and COCA LEAVES;

A hundred and fifty kilogrammes in the case of CODEINE;

Twenty kilogrammes in the case of PETHIDINE;

Ten kilogrammes in the case of MORPHINE, COCAINE, and ETHYLMORPHINE (DIONINE); and

Five kilogrammes in the case of METHADONE.

Otherwise, the country's imports are included under the heading "Other countries", at the foot of the table.

Similarly, a country appears under the heading "Exporting countries" only if the annual total of its exports of the substance in question amounts to the figure shown above; otherwise, the country's exports are included under the heading "Other countries", on the right of the table.

3. The names of the exporting countries which themselves produce the substance in question are given in bolder type, and both the exporting and the importing countries appear in order of the magnitude of their trade.

4. The figures appearing in italics in the upper half of the divisions have been supplied by the importing country, and those appearing in the lower half by the exporting country.

5. As there are many more importing than exporting countries, the amounts below one kilogramme which are omitted from the tables add up to much more in the case of imports than in the case of exports. Hence the apparent discrepancies in the figures shown against the heading "Other countries", at the foot of the tables. TABLE VIII

(see explanatory note, page 55) 1. OPIUM

EXPORTING COUNTRIES a

IMPORTING COUNTRIES of Iran India - 56 1000 kg.) Turkey America U.S.S.R. TOTAL United Kingdom United States of Federal Republic Germany Other countries (each exporting less than -57- b a Statistics incomplete. , Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Africa, Switzerland and Southern Rhodesia. Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, Israel g of the following year. t quantities exported at the end of the year reach their destination only at the beginnin * Discrepancy assumed to be due to the fact tha TABLE VIII (continued) (see explanatory note, page 55)

2. POPPY STRAW

EXPORTING COUNTRIES IMPORTING COUNTRIES German Other Yugo­ Switzer­ a TOTAL Turkey India Democratic Belgium France countries slavia land (each exporting Republic ‡ less than 1000 kg.)

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. — 5 3 —

‡ See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph. a Australia, New Zealand, Poland, Romania and United Kingdom. * Discrepancy assumed to be due to the fact that quantities exported at the end of b This discrepancy 18unde r investigation by the Board. the year reach their destination only at the beginning of the following year. — 59 -

TABLE VIII (continued) (see explanatory note, page 55)

3. CONCENTRATE OF POPPY STRAW

EXPORTING COUNTRIES IMPORTING COUNTRIES Netherlands Poland TOTAL

Kg. Kg. Kg.

4 800 5 000 9 800 Belgium 4 800 5 000 9 800

3 000 3 000 South Africa * 4 000 4 000

3 000 3 000 Switzerland 3 000 3 000

1000 1000 Spain 1000 1000

801 Other countries 800 1* (each importing less than 1000 kg.) 800 502 1302

12 600 5 001 17 601 TOTAL 13 600 5 502 19 102

* Discrepancy assumed to be due to the fact that quantities exported at the end of the year reach their destination only at the beginning of the following year. a

TABLE VIII (continued) (see explanatory note, page 55) 4. MORPHINE

EXPORTING COUNTRIES

IMPORTING COUNTRIES — 60 Rep. Netherlands 10 kg.) France U.S.S.R. Romania Germany Hungary Poland Switzerland

Czecho- slovakia United Kingdom TOTAL Federal of Other countries (each exporting less than

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. — 61 — c b a e Board. This discrepancy is under investigation by th Incomplete. d United States of America. Australia, Ireland, United Arab Republic an . See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph t that quantities exported at the end of * Discrepancy assumed to be due to the fac ‡ g of the following year. the year reach their destination only at the beginnin TABLE VIII (continued) (see explanatory note, page 55)

5. CODEINE

EXPORTING COUNTRIES a IMPORTING COUNTRIES les s kg. ) State s 150 exportin g United Kingdom Franc e German y Polan d Americ a tha n U.S.S.R . Czecho ­ Total slovaki a Belgiu m Denmar k Hungar y Bulgari a Romani a countrie s o f Fed . Rep (eac h o f Switzerlan d Netherland s Unite d

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. — 6 2 -63- b c e Board. This discrepancy is under investigation by th a Incomplete. , Panama, Portugal, South Africa Guatemala, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico . Yugoslavia, Hong Kong and Southern Rhodesia . See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph t quantities exported at the end of the * discrepancy assumed to be due to the fact tha ‡ g of the following year. year reach their destination only at the beginnin TABLE VIII (continued) (see explanatory note, page 55) 6. ETHYLMORPHINE (DIONINE)

EXPORTING COUNTRIES a

IMPORTING COUNTRIES France U.S.S.R. TOTAL United Kingdom Czecho¬ slovakia

Belgium Hungary Fed. Rep. of Germany Other countries (each exporting less than 10 kg.) Netherlands

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. - 65 - b a Incomplete. . Sweden, Switzerland and United Slates of America . See introductory note, page 2, second paragraph t that quantities exported at the end of * Discrepancy assumed to be due to the fac ‡ g of the following year. the year reach their destination only at the beginnin TABLE VIII (continued)

(see explanatory note, page 55)

7. COCA LEAVES

EXPORTING COUNTRIES IMPORTING COUNTRIES Other TOTAL Peru Bolivia countries a 1 (each exporting less than 1000 kg.)

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. —

299 414 299 414 6 — United States of America 306 140 306 140

69 100 * 69 100 Argentina 56 840 56 840

1 000 1 000 Switzerland 1000 1000

Other countries 1301 453 21 1 775 (each importing less than 1000 kg.) 1 301 * 21 1322

301 715 69 553 21 371 289 TOTAL 308 441 56 840 21 365 302

* Discrepancy assumed to be due to the fact that quantities exported at the end of the year reach their destination only at the beginning of the following year. ° France.

TABLE VIII (continued) (see explanatory note, page 55)

8. COCAINE †

EXPORTING COUNTRIES a IMPORTING COUNTRIES

10 kg.) Peru Franc e America Fed. Rep. of Germany

Netherlands TOTAL United Kingdom Other countries (each exporting less than United States of —

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg. 6 8 — † Including cocaine contained in crude cocaine. a Belgium and Switzerland. i * Discrepancy assumed to be due to the fact that quantities exported at the end of b Statistics incomplete. the year reach their destination only at the beginning of the following year. TABLE VIII (continued) (see explanatory note, page 55) 9. PETHIDINE

EXPORTING COUNTRIES a

IMPORTING ‡ COUNTRIES

Ireland France Bulgari a

Hungary TOTAL America Netherlands German Democratic Republic Fed. Rep. of Germany United States of Other countries (each exporting less than 20kg.) United Kingdom - 7 0 — — 71 — b c a e Board. This discrepancy is under investigation by th Statistics incomplete. , Poland, Portugal, South Africa, Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Israel, Kenya and Southern Rhodesia. Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Republic . See explanatory note, page 2, second paragraph t that quantities exported at the end of * Discrepancy assumed to be due to the fac ‡ g of the following year. the year reach their destination only at the beginnin — 72 —

TABLE VIII (concluded) (see explanatory note, page 55)

10. METHADONE

EXPORTING COUNTRIES IMPORTING COUNTRIES Other TOTAL United a Switzerland Countries 1 Kingdom (each exporting less than 5 kg.)

Kg. Kg. Kg. Kg.

9 9 Australia 9 9

I 8 9 Canada 1 8 9

Finland 3 2 5 3 2 5

Italy 5 5 5 5

New Zealand 2 2 4 3 2 5

Other countries (each importing less I 5 1 7 than 5 kg.) 6 6 2 14

18 18 3 39 TOTAL 24 19 4 47

a Federal Republic of Germany. — 73 —

TABLE IX. — SEIZURES OF NARCOTIC DRUGS * 1968

SEIZURES

COUNTRY SUBSTANCE (in alphabetical order) released effected destroyed a for licit use a

Kg. Kg. Kg.

* Additional information on narcotic drugs seized in the illicit traffic is supplied by Governments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and published in United Nations document series E/NS/Summary. a These figures may include quantities seized during previous years. — 74 —

TABLE IX. — SEIZURES OF NARCOTIC DRUGS * (continued) 1968

SEIZURES

COUNTRY SUBSTANCE (in alphabetical order) released effected destroyed a for licit use a

Kg. Kg. Kg.

* Additional information on narcotic drugs seized In the illicit traffic is supplied by Governments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and published in United Nations document series E/NS/Summary. a These figures may include quantities seized during previous years. — 75 —

TABLE IX. — SEIZURES OF NARCOTIC DRUGS * (continued) 1968

SEIZURES COUNTRY SUBSTANCE (in alphabetical order) released effected destroyed a for licit use a

Kg. Kg. Kg.

* Additional information on narcotic drugs seized in the illicit traffic is supplied by Governments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and published in United Nations document series E/NS/Summary. a These figures may include quantities seized during previous years. b Used for special purposes. -76-

TABLE IX. — SEIZURES OF NARCOTIC DRUGS * (continued) 1968

SEIZURES

COUNTRY SUBSTANCE (in alphabetical order) released effected destroyed a for licit use a

Kg. Kg. Kg.

* Additional information on narcotic drugs seized in the illicit traffic is supplied by Governments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and published in United Nations document series E/NS/Summary. a These figures may include quantities seized during previous years. b Used for special purposes. — 77 —

TABLE IX. — SEIZURES OF NARCOTIC DRUGS * (concluded) 1968

SEIZURES

COUNTRY SUBSTANCE (in alphabetical order) released effected destroyed ° for licit use a

Kg. Kg. Kg.

TOTAL Cannabis 1 439 881 1 388 263 3 085 Cannabis resin 9 101 9 386 68 Coca leaves 20 000 20 000 Cocaine 109 25 Codeine 27 Heroin 258 240 Methadone 1 Morphine 205 83 14 Opium 34 534 7 142 32 368

* Additional information on narcotic drugs seized in the illicit traffic is supplied by Governments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and published in United Nations document series E/NS/Summary. a These figures may include quantities seized during previous years. -78-

ANNEX C

MAXIMUM LEVELS OF OPIUM STOCKS

In document INCB/3 (December 1968) the Board quantities which the other States may hold at that date published the maximum opium stocks which States since the statistics for 1968 were not then available. authorized to produce opium for export and States Each of these " consuming States " is authorized to permitting the manufacture of opium alkaloids may hold in stock on 31 December 1969 a quantity of hold on 31 December 1969 under the terms of the opium which must not exceed the sum of the quantities 1953 Protocol. it consumed in the years 1964 to 1968. These maxi­ The Board was unable at that time to calculate the mum stocks are shown in the following table.

Maximum quantities of opium stocks which States may hold on 31 December 1969

States other than those listed in article 6, paragraph 2 (a), of the 1953 Protocol and those permitting the manufacture of opium alkaloids (" consuming States ")

COUNTRIES

Kilogrammes Kilogrammes Afghanistan 58 Equatorial Guinea ** Albania 321 Gabon * Algeria 75 Gambia 24 Andorra 0 Ghana 108 Austria 112 Guatemala 32 Bahrain 5 Guinea * Barbados 7 Guyana * Bolivia * Haiti 8 Botswana 3 Honduras 4 Burma 4 383 Iceland 55 Burundi 68 Indonesia 2 443 Cambodia * Iraq 50 Cameroon 39 Ireland 333 Canada 771 Israel 212 Central African Republic 11 Ivory Coast 2 Ceylon 942 Jamaica 8 Chad 21 Jordan 39 Chile 30 Kenya 250 Colombia 69 Korea: Congo (Brazzaville) 11 North Korea ** Congo (Democratic Republic of the)... * Republic of Korea 251 Costa Rica 60 Kuwait 3 Cuba 88 Laos 26 Cyprus 9 Lebanon 31 Dahomey 14 Lesotho 42 Dominican Republic 64 Liberia 15 Ecuador 10 Libya 0 El Salvador 19 Luxembourg 18 Ethiopia 51 Madagascar 232

* The Board does not possess the complete data required for computing the stock (paragraph 1 (c) of article 5 of the 1953 Protocol). ** The Board does not possess the data required for computing the stock (paragraph 1 (c) of article 5 of the 1953 Protocol). - 79 -

Kilogrammes Kilogrammes

Malawi 21 Senegal * Malaysia 257 Sierra Leone * Maldive Islands 0 Singapore * Mali 87 Somalia * Malta 8 Southern Yemen * Mauritania 7 Sudan * Mauritius 30 Swaziland 15 Mexico 86 Syria 6 Mongolia ** Tanzania 64 Morocco 361 Thailand 150 Muscat and Oman 0 Togo 11 Nauru 0 Trinidad and Tobago 18 Nepal ** Trucial Oman * New Zealand 684 Tunisia 106 Nicaragua 16 Uganda 124 Niger 21 United Arab Republic 894 Nigeria 530 Upper Volta 16 Pakistan 12 058 Uruguay * Panama 67 Venezuela 90 Paraguay * Viet-Nam: Peru 223 North Viet-Nam ** Philippines 643 Republic of Viet-Nam 542 Qatar 0 Western Samoa 40 Rwanda * Yemen * Saudi Arabia 5 Zambia 172

NON-METROPOLITAN TERRITORIES

Kilogrammes Kilogrammes Condominium: United Kingdom: Anglo-French New Hebrides 1 Antigua . * Bahamas . . 0 Australia: Bermuda 0 Christmas Islands 0 British Honduras 2 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0 British Solomon Islands 0 Norfolk 0 Brunei 0 Papua-New Guinea 21 Cayman 0 Dominica 0 France: Falkland (Malvinas) 0 Comoro Islands 2 Fiji 40 French Polynesia 11 Gibraltar 2 French Territory of the Afars and the Gilbert and Ellice 0 Issas 3 Grenada 0 New Caledonia 0 Hong Kong 343 St. Pierre and Miquelon 0 Montserrat 0 Wallis and Futuna 0 Southern Rhodesia 314 Netherlands: Seychelles 13 St. Helena 0 Netherlands Antilles * St. Kitts-Nevis and Anguilla 0 Surinam * St. Lucia * Portugal: St. Vincent * Angola 38 Tonga * Cape Verde 6 Turks and Caicos 0 Macau 2 Virgin Islands * Mozambique 18 United States of America: Portuguese Guinea 0 Portuguese Timor * Pacific Islands 0 Sao Tomé and Principe 3 Ryukyu *

* The Board does not possess the complete data required for computing the stock (paragraph 1 (c) of article 5 of the 1953 Protocol). ** The Board does not possess the data required for computing the stock (paragraph 1 (c) of article 5 of the 1953 Protocol). — 80 —

In accordance with the procedure laid down in article 5 of the 1953 Protocol the Board has already called for the data required for calculation of the maximum quantities which may be held in stock on 31 December 1970 in States authorized to produceopium e for export and in States permitting the manufacture of opium alkaloids. The maximum quantities in question are shown in the following tables:

Maximum quantities of opium stocks which States may hold on 31 December 1970

States authorized to produce opium for export States permitting the manufacture (article 6, paragraph 2 (a), of the 1953 Protocol) of opium alkaloids other than those listed in article 6, paragraph 2 (a), of the 1953 Protocol Kilogrammes Bulgaria 32 606* Kilogrammes Greecea 20* Argentina 40 000* India 2 127 844** b Australia 450* Iran 605 871** Belgium 35 000* Turkey 735 243** Brazil 950** USSR 751 827*** China, Republic of 2 500* Yugoslavia 99 160** Czechoslovakia 50* Denmark 900* Finland 800** France 210 000* Germany: Democratic Republic‡ 200* Federal Republic 100 000* Hungary 30 000** Italy 80 000* Japan 107 000* Netherlands 1000* Norway 600** Poland 1 920** Portugal 14 000* Romania 250* * Computed by reference to base years chosen by the South Africa 1 750** Board in virtue of the authority conferred on it by the Govern­ ment of the country concerned. Spain 50 000* ** Computed by reference to base years indicated by the Sweden 500* Government of the country concerned. Switzerland 12 000* *** Computed by reference to base years chosen by the 490 000* Board under article 5, paragraph 3 (d) of the 1953 Protocol. United Kingdom 370 000* a Greece has discontinued opium production. If maxi­ United States of America mum stocks were computed according to the rules applic­ able to " consuming countries " (article 5, paragraph 1 (c), of the 1953 Protocol), the maximum stocks which it would * Determined on the basis of information furnished by be authorized to hold on 31 December 1970 would be equal the Government of the country concerned. to consumption in the preceding five years—i.e. 323 kg. plus ** Determined by the Board in accordance with its author¬ the quantities consumed in 1969. ty under article 5, paragraph 3 (d), of the 1953 Protocol. b Opium having a consistency of 70°. # See the introductory note, page 2, second paragraph.