INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD Geneva STATISTICS ON NARCOTIC DRUGS FOR 1968 furnished by Governments in accordance with the International Treaties and MAXIMUM LEVELS OF OPIUM STOCKS UNITED NATIONS New York, 1969 E/INCB/7 December 1969 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales number: E.69. XI. 10 Price: $U.S. 1.50 (or equivalent in other currencies) TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs Page FOREWORD 1-4 vii TRENDS IN THE LICIT MOVEMENT OF NARCOTIC DRUGS General trends 5-23 vii Raw materials Opium 24-35 viii Poppy straw and concentrate of poppy straw 36-40 ix Coca leaf 41-45 x Cannabis 46-49 x Manufactured drugs Opium and coca-leaf alkaloids and their derivatives Morphine 50-55 xi Codeine 56-60 xi Ethylmorphine 61-64 xi Heroin 65-66 xi Other derivatives of opium alkaloids 67-70 xii Cocaine 71 xii " Synthetic " narcotic drugs Pethidine-intermediates-A, -B and -C 72 xii Pethidine 73-75 xii Trimeperidine 76-77 xiv Methadone-intermediate 78 xiv Methadone 79-80 xiv Normethadone 81 xv Moramide-intermediate, racemoramide, dextromoramide and levomora- mide 82-83 xv Other" synthetic" narcotic drugs 84-89 xv SEIZURES 90-105 xvi — iii — ANNEXES Page Introductory note 2 A. — RECEIPT OF STATISTICS FOR 1968 Countries and territories which sent in all their returns 3 Missing quarterly and annual statistics 4 B. — SYNOPTIC TABLES Index of countries and territories mentioned in the tables 6 Narcotic drugs falling under the International Conventions 9 Chart showing successive phases from the production of the raw material to the consumption of the finished product, with references to tables 12 Explanatory note 13 Table I. — Opium: Production, utilization and export declared by producing countries. 14 Table I (a). — Area cultivated with the poppy for the production of opium 15 Table II. — Coca leaves: Production, utilization and export declared by producing countries 16 Table III. — Manufacture of morphine 18 Table IV. — Manufacture of cocaine 22 Table V. — Conversion of morphine 24 Table VI. — Manufacture of the principal narcotic drugs falling under the Conventions 28 Table VI (a). — Manufacture of narcotic drugs other than those specified in Table VI . 33 Table VII. — Consumption of the principal narcotic drugs falling under the Conventions 34 Table VII (a). — Utilization of morphine, codeine, ethylmorphine and cocaine in the manufacture of preparations for the export of which authorizations are not required 50 Table VII (b). — Consumption of narcotic drugs other than those specified in Table VII 52 Table VII (c). — Consumption of narcotic drugs: number of therapeutic doses consumed annually per 1000 inhabitants 53 Table VIII. — World trade (imports — exports) in 1968: Explanatory note 55 1. Opium 56 2. Poppy straw 58 3. Concentrate of poppy straw 59 4. Morphine 60 5. Codeine 62 6. Ethylmorphine (dionine) 64 7. Coca leaves 66 8. Cocaine 68 9. Pethidine 70 10. Methadone 72 Table IX. — Seizures in 1968 73 C. — MAXIMUM LEVELS OF OPIUM STOCKS 78 — iv — ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations are used except where the context otherwise requires: Abbreviation Full title Board International Narcotics Control Board. 1912 Convention International Opium Convention signed at The Hague on 23 January 1912. 1925 Agreement Agreement concerning the Manufacture of, Internal Trade in and Use of, Prepared Opium, signed at Geneva on 11 February 1925, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946. 1925 Convention International Opium Convention signed at Geneva on 19 February 1925, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946. 1931 Convention Convention for limiting the manufacture and regulating the distribution of narcotic drugs, signed at Geneva on 13 July 1931, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946. 1931 Agreement Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East, signed at Bangkok on 27 November 1931, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946. 1936 Convention Convention for the suppression of the illicit traffic in dangerous drugs, signed at Geneva on 26 June 1936, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946. 1946 Protocol Protocol amending the Agreements, Conventions and Protocols on Narcotic Drugs concluded at The Hague on 23 January 1912, at Geneva on 11 February 1925 and 19 February 1925 and 13 July 1931, at Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Geneva on 26 June 1936, signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946. 1948 Protocol Protocol signed at Paris on 19 November 1948 bringing under international control drugs outside the scope of the Convention of 13 July 1931 for limiting the manu­ facture and regulating the distribution of narcotic drugs, as amended by the Protocol signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946. 1953 Protocol Protocol for limiting and regulating the cultivation of the poppy plant, the production of, international and wholesale trade in, and use of opium, signed at New York on 23 June 1953. 1961 Convention Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, signed at New York on 30 March 1961. FOREWORD 1. In accordance with the provisions of the international narcotics treaties, the Board publishes the annexed tables giving the statistics which Governments are required to supply to it on the licit movement of narcotic drugs (Annex B). 2. These statistics include figures on production, manufacture, international trade and consumption, as well as seizures in the illicit traffic. The statistics relate to 1968 but, in certain cases, the figures for the four previous years are also given for purposes of comparison. 3. In addition, the Board gives the list of countries which have furnished all their statistics for 1968, and that of countries which have furnished only partial information, or which have given no information (Annex A).1 4. These tables are preceded by a statement on the trends to be discerned from the statistics. TRENDS IN THE LICIT MOVEMENT OF NARCOTIC DRUGS General trends that country (average for 1962-1966: 0.05 per cent; average for 1967-1968: 0.20 per cent). 5. The statistics supplied to the Board indicate the following general trends. Coca leaf 9. Coca leaf is produced licitly in two countries: Peru Opium and Bolivia.2 In Peru production in 1968 (8,756 tons) was 6. Production (777 tons in 1967) showed an increase in higher than in 1967 (8,505 tons), but lower than the 1968 (993 tons); it was, however, insufficient to meet average for the years 1964-1966 (9,073 tons). requirements in full. It was therefore necessary to draw on 10. In Bolivia the declared production amounted to stocks, although to a lesser extent than in previous years 5,058 tons in 1967 and 4,203 tons in 1968. In fact these because, side by side with the increase in production, less figures represent the quantities marketed and subjected to opium was used for the manufacture of morphine. tax. 7. The yields obtained in opium production in India 11. Virtually the whole (ninety-eight per cent) of the (31 kg. of opium—with a moisture content of 30 per cent production of both Peru and Bolivia is used for non­ —per hectare) were far higher than in other countries. medical purposes, i.e. for chewing by the Indians of the Recent years, however, have seen an increase in Turkey: Andean highlands. A mere two per cent is used as a from 3 kg. of dry opium per hectare in 1964 to 9.4 kg. flavouring agent and for the manufacture of cocaine. in 1968. Cannabis Poppy straw and poppy straw concentrate 12. In 1968 cannabis production in India (79 tons) and 8. The amount of morphine extracted either directly in Pakistan (7.6 tons) showed a decrease, as did non­ from poppy straw or indirectly through straw concentrate medical consumption in both countries (89 and 12 tons reached a new maximum in 1968 (59 tons), representing respectively). In Nepal cannabis is produced under 38.7 per cent of the total manufacture. This result is licence but is utilized solely for non-medical purposes. largely due to the ever-increasing use of straw instead of opium in the USSR and to the improved yield obtained in 13. Total consumption for therapeutic and research purposes (455 kg.) is insignificant. Included in this figure 1 In addition to the present document, the Board publishes is cannabis used for medical research, which has recently annually a general report (document E/INCB/5 for 1969), a state­ expanded. ment on the " Estimated World Requirements of Narcotic Drugs and Estimates of World Production of Opium" (document E/ INCB/6 for 1970), and a Comparative Statement of Estimates and 2 See also paras. 55-58, of the report on the work of the Board Statistics (E/INCB/8 for 1968). in 1969 (Document E/INCB/5). — vii — Morphine. Raw materials 14. Manufacture reached a new maximum in 1968 (153 tons), the bulk of it being converted into: codeine, OPIUM 88.8 per cent; ethylmorphine, 7.1 per cent, and pholcodine, 24. For the last five years all but one of the countries 2.4 per cent. which report to the Board a production of opium have also been declaring the area under opium poppy cultiva­ Codeine tion in their territories. From the data so supplied the Board has prepared the following table showing the 15. Both the manufacture (145 tons) and the consump­ average yield per hectare in these countries. tion (142 tons) of codeine were greater in 1968 than in 1967 (6 and 21 per cent respectively). Area on which poppy was Country/year cultivated with Opium harvest Yield a view to Ethylmorphine harvesting opium (hectares) (kg.) (kg.