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World Bank Document RESTRICTED FAL iur i PS 2 VOL. 1 Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized PROPOSALS FOR AN ACT]ION PROGRAM EAST PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE AND WATER DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized July 17, 1970 Public Disclosure Authorized Special Projects Department CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$ 1.00 = Rupees (Rs) h.762 Rs 1.00 = US$ 0.21 Rs 1 million = US$ 210,000 WRP.Tr,1T.q AwnD MA ITRR.S 1 Acre (ac) = n.lin hect.re (ha 1 mile (mi) = 1.609 kilometers (km) 1 mile (sq mi) = 6)0rsqur ac = 259 ha 1 long ton (lg ton) = 1.016 metric tons (m ton) J. acre-foot (ac-ft) - 1,23I ic meters (rIL/ 1 cubic foot per second (Local units) lmaund (rnu) = .0367 lg ton 1 maund = 82.2 lb ±NJT1A-L AND ACRO'kr(iS EPADC - East Pakistan Agricultural Development Corporation EPWAPDA - East Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority IRRI - International Rice Research Institute, Philippines PARD - Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (at Comilla) SIDA - Swedish International Development Authority TIP - Thana Irrigation Programme UNDP - United Nations Development Programme 1JSAID - United States Agency for International Development USGS - United States Geological Survey GLOSSARY anon - rice planted before the monsoon and harvested in November or December aus - rice planted in March and harvested in June or July boro - winter rice planted in October or November and harvested in March or April khal .al aua1atrcus kharif - summer (wet) cropping season rabi - winter (dry) cropping season r~AC'r DAV'TC'rA Ar'DTr?,YTMT'1,~ ESUISJA.RUL.iUIL PdNU WATLR UVLV1LUrOEN1 PROPOSALS FOR AN ACTION PROGRAM Table of Contents Page No. CHAP'TER I PERSPECTIVE i CnTArL II PROVINCE-WIDE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGiY 9 Rice Varieties 11 Inputs 11 Low-lift Pumps ii Tubewells 12 Increasing Returns trom Existing Projects 12 Irrigation Demonstration 12 Surface Water Irrigation and Flood Protection 12 Phasing of Projects 13 Adaptable Water Distribution Systems 13 Rural Infrastructure 14 Flood Control 14 Available Resources and Rate of Development 14 Review of Priority Projects/Program 14 Studies-cum-Action Pro,gram 15 CHAPTER III ACTION PROGRAM 17 CHAPTER IV ECONOMIC SETTING 23 CHAPTER V AGRICULTURE 28 Introduction 28 past Performance 29 Agricultural Setting 39 The Third Five-Year Plan and the Program to Attain Self-Sufficiency in Food 48 Land Capability Data Generated by the UNDP Soils and Land Capability Survey during the Third Plan 53 Action Program in the Fourth Five-Year Plan 58 Objectives for the East Pakistan Economy 58 Main Components of the Action Program 60 Accelerated Rice Production Program 61 Fertilizer Program 65 Pest Control 68 Export, Industrial and Cash Crops 72 Table of Contents Cont'd Page No. Integrated Marketing and Crop Prndurtion Pronrrnnm fnr Crons Other than Rice 78 Fis~heries~ 79 Livestock 81 Agrirtilttiural Credit 82 Agricultural Research 83 Agrirtil tuirnl FtensIcon 85 Transportation 87 Prva4t_tex Tnitiativeo 88 CH1APTER VI WATER PROGRAM 89 Pon4 srQ On Low-lift Pumps 92 Tubewell Trrgation 9 Increasing Output from Existing Projects 100 Multi-purpose Projects 105 Flood Control Aspects 109 W.ater Balance Aspects10 Special Investigations 111 VIlood Consulting Group 114 Basic Data 115 CHAPTER VII RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE 119 The Rural Works Program 120 Thana Level Administration 122 The Thana Irrigation Program 123 Integrated Rural Development Program (cooperatives) 125 CHAPTER VIII COMPREHENSIVE STUDY AND FLOOD CONTROL INVESTIGATIONS 128 Scope and Methodology 128 Flood Con.trol Planning 131 Analysis of Inter-Sectoral Links 133 Program Formulation and Evaluation 133 Administrative Aspect 134 System Analysis and Methodology Guidance 134 Interim Reporting 134 Organization and Staffing 135 Study Costs 136 ANNEX I COMPREHENSIVE STUDY: GUIDELINES FOR TERMS OF REFERENCE ANNEX 2 NEW MULTI-PURPOSE PROJECTS - FEASIBILITY STUDIES ALREADY AVAILABLi - iii - TABLES AND IAPS TAB7LS TITTES 3. 1 ( .o-4tments1070/71-1972/73 4I.UtUM U &l UflO *J~%% ~U .. S ~ S. 3.2) Forecasts of Disburse,ment-s Ile-,, Co.mmitm,ents% *fUIC L UL .L W.L UUL %4.kb4'~ ..JUI A. L. L .~LO 3.n3 Forecsst L JJ'sburseb-Wents (CoUmUiUtmuents Already Made) 3.4 Commitments Beyond 1972-73 4.1 East Pakistan: Gross Domestic Product at Constant Factor Cost 1959/60 - 1969/70 4.2 Pakistan: Gross Domestic Product at Constant Factor Cost i959.6u - i96o9iu 4.3 East Pakistan: Gross Domestic: Produce at Current Factor Cost 1959/60 - 1969/70 4.4 Pakistan: Gross Domestic Product at Current Factor Cost l959/60 - 1969/70 4.5 East Pakistan: Overall and Sectoral Growth Rates 1959/60 - 1969/70 4.6 West Pakistan: Overall and Sectoral Growth Rates 1959/60 - i969/70 4.7 Pakistan: Overall and Regional Investment Rates 1963/64 - 1969/70 4.8 Foreign Merchandise Trade 4.9 Public Plan Development Expenditures 4.10 East Pakistan, Provincial Government Revenue and Expenditure 4.11 East Pakistan: Tax Revenues 4.12 West Pakistan: Tax Revenues 4.13 Pakistan: Provincial Governments' Debt Service to Central Governmeni 5.1 East Pakistan - Land Utilization 5.2 East Pakistan - The Provincial Average Monthly Retail Price of Coarse Rice 5.3 East Pakistan - Availability of Foodgrains for Domestic Consumption 1955/56 to 1968/69 - iv - .1:_AD __T _LD_ c4n7 j.q' A DI tC 1,w_* L Z..ULaI 'r 'r V C-'---.-- '..-v - .* Lt; rdLr1zwLuL - LSC VLUL * '-'kACb * V* } - ~ 5., East r'aklis tanr= Production of Main A gr-icult-uralI Cropas 5.6 East Pakistart - R'Le Alrea, LP,odUuctiLon anlU i.LdLu 5.7 East Pakistan - "wleat Area, ProductiLon anu Yiel 5.8 Pakistan - Foreign Exchange Receipts from Merchandise Exports 5.9 East Pakistan - jute Acreage, Production and Yield 5.10 World Exports of Jute Manufactures 5.11 Exports of Raw jute and Allied Fibers from the Cnier Producing Countries 5.12 East Pakistan - Area and Sugarcane Production 5.13 East Pakistan - Data on Sugar Industry 5.14 Pakistan - Tea - Production, Supply and Imports 5.15 East Pakistan - Tobacco Production and Yield 5.16 East Pakistan - Area and Production of Pulses 5.17 East Pakistan - Oilseeds Acreages Production and Yield 5.18 East and West Pakistan - Production of Oilseeds, Oils and Cakes - 1964/65 to 1969/70 5.19 Production and Import of Edible Oils Pakistan 1964/64 - 1969/70 5.20 East Pakistan - Area and Production of Coconuts 5.21 Distribution of Fertilizers 5.22 East Pakistan - Area Irrigated by Low Lift Pumps Provided by the E.P.A.D.C. 5.23 East Pakistan - The Number of Installed Tubewells - ADC 5.24 East Pakistan - Irrigated Areas 5.25 East Pakistan - Current Use of Pesticides and the Projection for the Fourth Five-Year Plan 5.26 East Pakistan - Cumulative Distribution of Farms and Farm Area by SizP TADLEB S LITLE 5.J2 East Pakistan - Fragmentation of Farms in the Entire East Pakistan Province in 1960 5.28 East Pakistan - Land Tenure 5.29 Source of Rural Credit in East Pakistan (1966) 5.30 East Pakistan - Institutional Agricultural Credit Annual Volume of Lending 5.31 East Pakistan - Development Expenditure by Sectors Under the third Five-Year Plan 1965/66 - 1969/70 5.32 East Pakistan - Agriculture (Not Including Major Water Control Works) (Estimated Third Five-Year Plan Expenditures and. Proposed Allocation under the Fourth Five-Year Plan) 5.33 East Pakistan - Area Suitable for Irri Rice Cultivation Assuming that the Need for Irrigation is not the Limiting Factor ('000 acres) 5^.34 East Pakistan - Crop Production Targets under the Tentative Fourth Five-Year Plan 5.35 East Pakistan - Rice Production Projection made by the Department of Planning 5.36 East Pakistan - Crop-Wise Annual Targets for Plant Protection Services During the Fourth Plan Period (1970-75) 5.37 East Pakistan - Projected Use of Pesticides by Crop During the Fourth Five-Year Plan 5.38 East Pakistan - Requirements of Imports and Exports 5.39 East Pakistan - Traffic Handled by East Pakistani Railways 6.1 East Pakistan - Cost Estimates of Water Proiects 6.2 Areas Irri2ated and Protected from Flooding 8.1 Special Comprehensive Study, Estimated Costs - vi - MAPS TITLES 1 East Pakistan - Present Land Use 2 East Pakistan - Drainage 3 East Pakistan - Water Projects Agriculture and Water Development 4 East Pakistan - Transportation System 5 East Pakistan - Land Suitability for Irri Aman 6 East Pakistan - Land Suitability for Irri Boro or Aus with Irrigation 7 East Pakistan - Land Suitability for Kharif Groundnuts 8 East Pakistan - Land Suitability for Rabi Groundnuts 9 East Pakistan - Land Suitability for Wheat with Irrigation 10 East Pakistan - Land Suitability for Rabi Cotton CHAPTER I PERSPECTIVE 1.01 The Province of East Pakistan needs - and has requested - special assistance, both financial and technical from the members of the Consortium, the UNDP and the World Bank in order to increase its rate of economic deve- lopment under singularly difficult circumstances. At the February 26, 1970 meeting of a Working,Party of the Consortium, the Chairman of the Consortium informed members that the Bank was preparing proposals for an Action Program for the agricultural and water development of East Pakistan, which would have the following main features: First, an intensified effort to get projects going that would bring results in the short term. Second, as floods are a malor problem, the action program would include flood protection works that were hydrologi- callv safe. Third. snecific gans in basic data would be filled so that additional projects could be evaluated and executed as exprdiJtiJnii81v as nnpo4h1e Fourth, a more systematic and comprehensive aproch woruiid be applied;to identify constraints and potentialities and to T.7-rlr nxtri 7tatmot- -rit-or4n fnr- tho cplc-rt,inn of nrnia'tS.
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