Development of Coral and Zooxanthella-Specific
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Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Research Partnership Quarterly Progress Reports II-III August, 2005-March, 2006 Report submitted by Malia Rivera and Jo-Ann Leong April 21, 2006 Photo credits: Front cover and back cover-reef at French Frigate Shoals. Upper left, reef at Pearl and Hermes. Photos by James Watt. Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Research Partnership Quarterly Progress Reports II-III August, 2005-March, 2006 Report submitted by Malia Rivera and Jo-Ann Leong April 21, 2006 Acknowledgments. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) acknowledges the support of Senator Daniel K. Inouye’s Office, the National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP), the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve (NWHICRER), State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) Division of Aquatic Resources, US Fish and Wildlife Service, NOAA Fisheries, and the numerous University of Hawaii partners involved in this project. Funding provided by NMSP MOA 2005-008/66832. Photos provided by NOAA NWHICRER and HIMB. Aerial photo of Moku o Lo‘e (Coconut Island) by Brent Daniel. Background The Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology (School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa) signed a memorandum of agreement with National Marine Sanctuary Program (NOS, NOAA) on March 28, 2005, to assist the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve (NWHICRER) with scientific research required for the development of a science-based ecosystem management plan. With this overriding objective, a scope of work was developed to: 1. Understand the population structures of bottomfish, lobsters, reef fish, endemic coral species, and adult predator species in the NWHI. -
STAFF WORKING PAPER SUMMARY of SELECTED PEARL HARBOR MARINE NATURAL RESOURCES DATA from 1999 – 2015 - in SUPPORT of PROPOSED PROJECT P 516 Prepared by Stephen H
1 STAFF WORKING PAPER SUMMARY OF SELECTED PEARL HARBOR MARINE NATURAL RESOURCES DATA FROM 1999 – 2015 - IN SUPPORT OF PROPOSED PROJECT P 516 Prepared by Stephen H. Smith Marine Ecologist SSC Scientific Diving Services March 18, 2015 Introduction Overview. The objective of this Staff Working Paper is to summarize selected data gathered by the author between 1999 and February 2015. During that time period, the author conducted a variety of assessments throughout Pearl Harbor and the Pearl Harbor Entrance Channel. The specific resources which will be addressed in this partial summary are: 1) corals, 2) selected fin fish species and Essential Fish Habitat (EFH), 3) sea turtles, 4) miscellaneous and 5) perceived data gaps. This summary is not intended to reiterate material already presented in the Pearl Harbor INRMP or the many other documents which contain pertinent marine natural resource data; it is intended to summarize unpublished and/or unreported data gathered by the author. In this document, Pearl Harbor is defined as the area north of Hammer Point, as designated on Nautical Chart No. 19366 (Oahu South Coast Pearl Harbor). The Pearl Harbor Entrance Channel (PHEC) is defined as the area south of Hammer Point between the channel markers on the eastern and western sides of the PHEC and extending to the outermost Channel Marker Buoys (No. 1 on the west side and No. 2 on the east side). Figure 1 illustrates the boundaries of the P 516 project assessment area. All the data summarized in this document was gathered by the author, with periodic biological support from Donald Marx, and others. -
The Reproduction of the Red Sea Coral Stylophora Pistillata
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 1, 133-144, 1979 - Published September 30 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. The Reproduction of the Red Sea Coral Stylophora pistillata. I. Gonads and Planulae B. Rinkevich and Y.Loya Department of Zoology. The George S. Wise Center for Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University. Tel Aviv. Israel ABSTRACT: The reproduction of Stylophora pistillata, one of the most abundant coral species in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea, was studied over more than two years. Gonads were regularly examined using histological sections and the planula-larvae were collected in situ with plankton nets. S. pistillata is an hermaphroditic species. Ovaries and testes are situated in the same polyp, scattered between and beneath the septa and attached to them by stalks. Egg development starts in July preceding the spermaria, which start to develop only in October. A description is given on the male and female gonads, their structure and developmental processes. During oogenesis most of the oocytes are absorbed and usually only one oocyte remains in each gonad. S. pistillata broods its eggs to the planula stage. Planulae are shed after sunset and during the night. After spawning, the planula swims actively and changes its shape frequently. A mature planula larva of S. pistillata has 6 pairs of complete mesenteries (Halcampoides stage). However, a wide variability in developmental stages exists in newly shed planulae. The oral pole of the planula shows green fluorescence. Unique organs ('filaments' and 'nodules') are found on the surface of the planula; -
Variation in Coral-Associated Cryptofaunal Communities Across Spatial Scales and Environmental Gradients
Coral Reefs (2018) 37:827–840 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-018-1709-7 REPORT Variation in coral-associated cryptofaunal communities across spatial scales and environmental gradients 1 1 2 Chelsie W. W. Counsell • Megan J. Donahue • Kyle F. Edwards • 1 3 Erik C. Franklin • Mark A. Hixon Received: 2 March 2018 / Accepted: 20 June 2018 / Published online: 5 July 2018 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Most of the diversity on coral reefs is in the wave height, and chlorophyll-a were significant drivers of cryptofauna, the hidden organisms that inhabit the inter- occurrence. Depth and percent live coral tissue were also stitial spaces of corals and other habitat-forming benthos. identified as important correlates for community compo- However, little is known about the patterns and drivers of sition with distinct responses across taxa. Analyzing spe- diversity in cryptofauna. We investigated how the crypto- cies-specific responses to environmental gradients faunal community associated with the branching coral documented a unique pattern for the guard crab Trapezia Pocillopora meandrina varies across spatial scales and intermedia, which had a higher probability of occurring on environmental gradients. We performed nondestructive smaller colonies (in contrast to 18 other common taxa). visual surveys of the cryptofaunal community on 751 P. The results of a principal coordinates analysis on com- meandrina colonies around the island of O‘ahu (30–73 munity composition and a co-occurrence analysis further colonies per site, 3–6 sites per region, five regions). We supported T. intermedia as having a unique distribution identified 91 species, including 48 fishes and 43 inverte- across colonies, even in comparison with four other Tra- brates. -
Volume 2. Animals
AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. -
Update: Coral Bleaching Data 1 0 / 1 3 / 2 0 1 4
UPDATE: CORAL BLEACHING DATA 1 0 / 1 3 / 2 0 1 4 NOAA CORAL REEF WATCH DATA (http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov) The NOAA Coral Reef Watch Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly map (top left) shows the difference between today's temperature and the long-term average. The Degree Heating Week map (top right) shows accumulated thermal stress, which can lead to coral bleaching. Significant coral bleaching usually occurs when DHW values reach 4 °C-weeks. At 8 °C-weeks, widespread bleaching is likely and significant mortality can be Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly— Degree Heating Week- 10/13/2014 expected. 10/13/2014 NOAA Potential Bleaching Intensity Levels No bleaching Possible bleaching Possible bleaching Bleaching Likely Coral Mortality Likely This experimental map product provides a summary of current satellite data as well as forecasted conditions for coral bleaching. The bleaching alert gauges reflect the high alert category observed and forecasted. Currently, the highest coral bleaching category being observed is ‘Alert Level 2’ in specific areas. This bleaching alert level is projected to continue for the next 4-8 weeks. Coral Bleaching Alert Area and Outlook—10/13/2014 KANEOHE BAY WATER TEMPERATURE DATA (http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/ physocean.htmlbdate=20140929&edate=20141013&units=standard&timezone=GMT&id=1612480&interval=6) This graph displays water temperature information from the NOAA/NOS/CO-OPS station at Mokuole, HI, located in Kaneohe Bay at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB). The highest recorded temperature during this time period was 85.3F. The average range for this area is approximately 72-82F. The temperature threshold for coral bleaching is 83F. -
2015 Coral Bleaching Surveys: South Kohala, North Kona © David Slater
! Summary of Findings 2015 Coral Bleaching Surveys: South Kohala, North Kona © David Slater What is Coral Bleaching? Coral bleaching is a stress response caused by the breakdown of the symbiotic relationship between the coral and the algae (zooxanthellae) that live inside its tissues. When the coral expels these algae the coral skeleton becomes visible, giving it a pale or “bleached” appearance. Mass bleaching events have been linked with mounting thermal stress associated with a warming planet and seas and are expected to continue increasing in severity, geographic extent, and frequency. Although some species and individual coral colonies can withstand more stress than others, corals will eventually die if the stressor © TNC does not abate and the symbiosis is not reestablished. Bleached Pocillopora eydouxi, Oct, 2015. Coral Bleaching in Hawai‘i Prompted by rising sea surface temperatures south of the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) in June 2015, NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch Program issued a bleaching warning for the MHI. By October 2015, the agency confirmed that West Hawai‘i Island experienced the most severe thermal stress in the MHI for 18.35 consecutive weeks (Fig. 1). Following the first report of bleached coral from a Puakō Makai Watch volun- teer snorkeling at Paniau, scientists from The Nature Conservancy, NOAA’s Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP), and Hawai‘i's Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) conducted four weeks of field surveys to assess the damage. The team surveyed more than 14,000 coral colonies across the South Kohala and North Kona regions of West Hawai’i, assessing the incidence (proportion of coral colonies that bleached) and severity of bleaching of each colony. -
An Assessment of the Marine Biological Community Structure in the Vicinity of the Proposed Kapalama Container Terminal Honolulu, Hawai‘I
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROPOSED KAPALAMA CONTAINER TERMINAL HONOLULU, HAWAI‘I State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Harbors Division October 15, 2012 TABLE of CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………1 I. BACKGROUND and PROPOSED ACTION…………………………..………………4 II. METHODS………………………………………………………………………………5 A. Rationale for Sample Site Selection……………………………………………….5 B. Survey Sector Determination………………………………………………………6 C.In-situ Survey Methods………………………………………………………………7 1. Coral Community Survey Metrics……………………………..………………..8 a. Coral Colony Abundance and Size…………………………..……………..8 b. Morphological Growth Form and Evidence of Stress…………..………….8 c. Rugosity………………………………………………………………..……….8 d. Two-dimensional Area Cover…………………………………..……………8 e. Coral Community Statistics…………………………………………….…….9 2. Non-coral Macro-invertebrate Community Metrics ………………..…………9 3. Algae Community Metrics………………………………………………...…….10 4. Fish Community Metrics……………………………………………………..…..10 5. Incidental Sightings of Threatened and Endangered Species…………….….10 6. Regulated and Invasive Species…………………………………………..……..10 III. RESULTS and DISCUSSION..…………………………………………………………10 A. Physical Structure…………………………………………………………….…….10 B. Biotic Community Structure………………………………………………………..12 1. Coral Communities…………………………………………………….…...…..12 2. Non-Coral Macro-Invertebrate Communities………………………….……..15 3. Algal Communities……………………………………………………….……..16 4. Fish Communities……..…………………………………………………….…..17 5. Incidental Sightings of Threatened -
Conservation of Reef Corals in the South China Sea Based on Species and Evolutionary Diversity
Biodivers Conserv DOI 10.1007/s10531-016-1052-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Conservation of reef corals in the South China Sea based on species and evolutionary diversity 1 2 3 Danwei Huang • Bert W. Hoeksema • Yang Amri Affendi • 4 5,6 7,8 Put O. Ang • Chaolun A. Chen • Hui Huang • 9 10 David J. W. Lane • Wilfredo Y. Licuanan • 11 12 13 Ouk Vibol • Si Tuan Vo • Thamasak Yeemin • Loke Ming Chou1 Received: 7 August 2015 / Revised: 18 January 2016 / Accepted: 21 January 2016 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract The South China Sea in the Central Indo-Pacific is a large semi-enclosed marine region that supports an extraordinary diversity of coral reef organisms (including stony corals), which varies spatially across the region. While one-third of the world’s reef corals are known to face heightened extinction risk from global climate and local impacts, prospects for the coral fauna in the South China Sea region amidst these threats remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyse coral species richness, rarity, and phylogenetic Communicated by Dirk Sven Schmeller. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10531-016-1052-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Danwei Huang [email protected] 1 Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 3 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of -
Occurrence Patterns of Coral-Dwelling Gall Crabs (Cryptochiridae) Over Depth Intervals in the Caribbean Van Tienderen, Kaj M.; Van Der Meij, S E T
University of Groningen Occurrence patterns of coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) over depth intervals in the Caribbean van Tienderen, Kaj M.; van der Meij, S E T Published in: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1794 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2016 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): van Tienderen, K. M., & van der Meij, S. E. T. (2016). Occurrence patterns of coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) over depth intervals in the Caribbean. PeerJ, 4, [1794]. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1794 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 06-12-2018 Occurrence patterns of coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) over depth intervals in the Caribbean Kaj M. van Tienderen1 and Sancia E.T. -
(Crustacea: Cryptochiridae)! Occurring in the Pacific Ocean
PacificScience(1990), vol. 44, no. 4: 417-448 © 1990 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Revision of the Genera of Gall Crabs (Crustacea: Cryptochiridae)! Occurring in the Pacific Ocean Roy K. KROPP2 ABSTRACT: The coral gall crabs, Family Cryptochiridae, occurring in the Pacific Ocean are reviewed. Fifteen genera, including four new genera, are recognized: Cryptochirus Heller; Dacryomaia, new genus; Fizesereneia Takeda & Tamura; Fungicola Serene; Hapalocarcinus Stimpson; Hiroia Takeda & Tamura; Lithoscaptus Milne Edwards; Neotroglocarcinus Takeda & Tamura; Opecarcinus Kropp & Manning; Pelycomaia, new genus; Pseudocryptochirus Hiro; Pseudohapalocarcinus Fize & Serene; Sphenomaia, new genus; Utinomiella Kropp & Takeda; and Xynomaia, new genus. Host, depth, and distribution records are given for each genus. A key to the females of all gall crab genera is included. THE CORAL GALL CRABS, Family Crypto ramous or biramous) of the second pleopod chiridae, are obligate associates of living of the female and the host coral taxon on scleractinian corals. Not only do they reside which the crab species occurred. McCain and in galls, tunnels, or pits in the coral skeleton, Coles (1979) found the second pleopod to be but they also feed on the host coral mucus and uniramous on one side of the abdomen of an tissues (Kropp 1986). Though the family has individual, biramous on the other, and vari been known for 130 yr, its taxonomy has been able among individuals of Utinomiella dimor marred by many errors. These errors have pha (Henderson 1906). I have made similar resulted from failures to consider type mate observations for this and other species among rial or available literature, use of inappro my collections from Micronesia. -
(Anthozoa: Scleractinia) Larval Recruitment in the Southern Gulf of California
Spatio-temporal variability in coral (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) larval recruitment in the southern Gulf of California By Rafael A. Cabral-Tena, David A. Paz-García, Héctor Reyes-Bonilla, Sergio S. González-Peláez and Eduardo F. Balart* Abstract Sexual recruitment allows corals to maintain their populations through time, reach new habitats, and repopulate areas after an environmental or anthropogenic disturbance. This study aimed to estimate the spatio-temporal variation of sexual recruitment along two areas of the southwestern coast of the Gulf of California (Bahía de La Paz and Bahía de Loreto) considered to be sub- optimal for coral development (strong seasonality and variability of sea surface temperature, incidence of hurricanes, turbidity and nutrient concentration, and low Ωar). Recruitment data were compared to sea surface temperatures and with recruitment data from other sites in the Eastern Pacific that have less stressful environments. Terracotta tiles were used as collectors of larval coral propagules; tiles were immersed for three-month periods between August 2004 and September 2005. Higher recruitment was found during the warm season and coral recruits were found at almost all sites, including a vessel grounding area. Recruitment was higher in Bahía de La Paz (12.80± 29.57 ind m-2 yr-1) than in Bahía de Loreto (0.99± 1.49 ind m-2 yr-1). Coral recruits belonged to five coral genera in Bahía de la Paz, with Porites as the dominant genus (102 recruits), followed by Pocillopora (six), Psammocora (three), Pavona and Tubastraea (one each). At Bahía de Loreto, recruits of two coral genera were recorded: Porites (four) and Psammocora (one).