Wildfire By: University of Kentucky Hazard Mitigation Grants Program Office (UK‐HMGP) With: Kentucky Division of Forestry (KDF)
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Risk Assessment: Wildfire By: University of Kentucky Hazard Mitigation Grants Program Office (UK‐HMGP) With: Kentucky Division of Forestry (KDF) Type A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire spreading through vegetative fuels, exposing and possibly consuming structures. They often begin unnoticed and spread quickly and are usually signaled by dense smoke that fills the area for miles around. Naturally occurring and non- native species of grasses, brush, and trees fuel wildfires. A Wildland Fire1 is a wildfire in an area in which development is essentially nonexistent, except for roads, railroads, power lines and similar facilities. Wildland fires have been occurring in Kentucky for thousands of years. Unfortunately, these fires began to threaten homes and communities prompting the need to suppress wildfires and establish forest protection laws. The first forest protection laws were enacted in 1831 in a few specific counties with heavily wooded areas. The fine and penalty for setting a fire was $20. Today, Kentucky's forest protection laws include much stiffer penalties for intentionally setting a fire on land owned by another (Kentucky Revised Statute, Chapter 149, Section 380). Penalties for violating KRS 149.380 include a fine of not less than $1,000 or more than $10,000, imprisonment for not more than five years, or both fine and imprisonment. An Urban Wildland Interface Fire is a wildfire in a geographic area where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with wildland or vegetative fuels. Areas that have experienced prolonged droughts, or are excessively dry, are at risk of wildfires. People start more than four out of every five wildfires, usually as debris burns, arson, or carelessness. Lightning strikes are the next leading cause of wildfires. Wildfire behavior is based on three primary factors: fuel, topography, and weather. The type, and amount of fuel, as well as its burning qualities and level of moisture affect wildfire potential and behavior. The continuity of fuels, expressed in both horizontal and vertical components is also a factor, in that it expresses the pattern of vegetative growth and open areas. Topography is important because it affects the movement of air (and thus the fire) over the ground surface. The slope and shape of terrain can change the rate of speed at which the fire travels. Weather affects the probability of wildfire and has a significant effect on its behavior. Temperature, humidity and wind (both short and long term) affect the severity and duration of wildfires. 1 The following description derives from the Kentucky Division of Forestry (KDF). See: http://forestry.ky.gov/wildlandfiremanagement/Pages/default.aspx [Last Accessed 9/12/2018]. Page | KDF - 1 Type + Extent According to Kentucky Division of Forestry (KDF), wildfires are categorized into “Classes.” These “Classes,” then, represent types of wildfire and also represent an illustration of “extent,” i.e., a measurement of how bad a wildfire can get, preferably in terms of a scale. Below are “Class” distinctions between types of wildfires and the definition-cum-extent that determine each Class. Table F-1. Classes of Wildfire as Distinguished by Acres Burned Class A Less than 0.25 Acres Burned Class B 0.25 to 9 Acres Burned Class C 10 to 99 Acres Burned Class D 100 to 299 Acres Burned Class E 300 to 999 Acres Burned Class F 1,000 to 4,999 Acres Burned Class G 5,000 or More Acres Burned From January 1, 2013 until August 2018, there have been the following number of wildfires in each Class. The number of wildfires is accompanied by the acreage burned and the percent of the total each Class comprised: Table F-2. Summary of Fire Occurrences, Extent, 2013 – August 2018 Fire Class Class Descriptor # Fires Acreage Burned % of Total Fire Type Class A >0.25 Acres 92 12.3 1.7% Class B 0.25 to 9 Acres 2,918 8,685.5 53.1% Class C 10 to 99 Acres 2,172 77,954.4 39.6% Class D 100 to 299 Acres 217 37,487.0 4.0% Class E 300 to 999 Acres 81 37,620.0 1.5% Class F 1,000 to 4,999 Acres 10 16,694.0 0.2% Class G 5,000 or More Acres 1 7,400 0.0% Location and Previous Occurrences Below is a map of the locations of all wildfire events to be recorded by Kentucky Division of Forestry (KDF) from January 1, 2013 – August 2018. Page | KDF - 2 Map F-1. Wildfire Event Locations, 2013 - 2018 Page | KDF - 3 Location, Previous Occurrences, Extent, Vulnerability The following tables summarizing locations, previous occurrences, extent, and vulnerability are organized by “Region.” “Regions” refer to Kentucky Division of Forestry (KDF) Regional Office locations. Below is a map for reference. Map F-2. KDF Regions for Reference Page | KDF - 4 Table F-3. Frankfort Region Wildfire Location, Occurrences, Extent, Vulnerability County Year # of Fires # Acres Burned # Acres Vulnerable McCreary 2018 1 8.0 0 Table F-4. Western Region Wildfire Location, Occurrences, Extent, Vulnerability County Year # of Fires # Acres Burned # Acres Vulnerable Butler 2013 1 7.0 134,390 2014 1 4.0 2016 1 1.0 2017 3 25.0 2018 1 28.0 Caldwell 2013 1 5.0 41,980 2014 6 34.5 2015 3 26.0 2016 4 24.1 2017 3 17.0 Calloway 2013 2 8.0 57,320 2014 1 5.0 Carlisle 2015 3 22.0 16,880 2018 1 0.2 Christian 2013 1 8.0 154,420 2014 4 50.0 2015 1 16.0 2017 1 3.0 Crittenden 2013 3 7.0 70,550 2014 4 14.5 2017 4 67.5 2018 1 - Daviess 2013 1 3.5 46,880 2014 1 4.0 2017 1 35.0 Fulton 2014 1 6.0 27,150 2017 2 2.0 Graves 2013 1 0.5 74,020 2014 2 9.0 2015 4 5.8 2016 4 22.0 2017 6 37.0 Hancock 2013 2 15.0 34,130 2014 1 8.0 2016 2 108.0 Page | KDF - 5 County Year # of Fires # Acres Burned # Acres Vulnerable Henderson 2013 2 68.1 21,600 2014 2 122.0 2015 1 25.0 2017 4 27.0 Hickman 2014 3 23.0 42,010 2015 3 22.1 2016 1 4.0 2017 1 1.0 Hopkins 2013 1 30.0 142,640 2014 8 17.6 2016 2 4.0 2017 6 238.0 2018 1 5.0 Livingston 2015 2 32.0 90,740 2016 2 26.0 2017 2 8.5 Logan 2013 2 7.5 104,060 2014 4 84.3 2016 1 1.0 Lyon 2015 1 5.0 91,370 2017 1 1.5 McCracken 2013 2 1.2 36,500 2014 1 0.5 2015 1 2.0 2016 1 95.0 2017 2 18.0 2018 1 2.0 McLean 2013 1 30.0 33,460 Marshall 2014 1 4.0 52,300 2015 1 10.0 2016 2 100.0 2017 2 42.0 Muhlenberg 2013 4 91.3 119,400 2014 6 17.2 2015 7 6.3 2016 8 13.5 2017 3 7.0 2018 1 0.3 Ohio 2014 4 122.4 139,270 2015 1 65.0 2016 1 5.0 2017 3 9.5 Page | KDF - 6 County Year # of Fires # Acres Burned # Acres Vulnerable Todd 2016 1 1.0 51,890 Trigg 2013 1 1.0 140,020 2015 1 30.0 2017 1 2.0 2018 1 2.0 Union 2013 1 9.0 21,340 2015 1 3.0 2017 2 24.0 Webster 2013 2 29.0 43,290 2014 1 25.0 2015 1 20.0 2016 2 2.1 Table F-5. Central Region Wildfire Location, Occurrences, Extent, Vulnerability County Year # of Fires # Acres Burned # Acres Vulnerable Adair 2013 2 9.2 112,480 2014 9 88.5 2015 1 11.0 2016 6 42.7 2017 4 14.6 Allen 2014 1 0.1 89,430 2018 1 50.0 Barren 2014 1 0.2 61,950 2016 1 20.0 Breckinridge 2013 2 15.0 144,000 2014 10 105.9 2015 1 21.0 2016 4 74.0 2017 5 29.5 2018 1 17.0 Casey 2013 12 313.0 172,900 2014 12 309.6 2015 3 15.0 2016 4 50.0 2017 2 5.5 Page | KDF - 7 County Year # of Fires # Acres Burned # Acres Vulnerable Clinton 2013 5 137.0 75,090 2014 11 185.0 2015 2 2.1 2016 4 9.1 2017 3 63.0 Cumberland 2013 4 57.0 148,400 2014 11 139.3 2015 4 42.2 2016 8 67.5 2017 5 66.5 2018 1 7.0 Edmonson 2013 2 27.0 122,990 2014 4 93.0 2015 1 3.0 2016 1 7.0 2017 4 10.2 2018 2 65.0 Grayson 2013 4 6.1 123,000 2014 7 111.0 2015 2 2.5 2016 2 22.0 2017 8 35.8 2018 2 13.1 Green 2013 1 10.0 54,280 2014 5 28.4 2016 1 2.0 2017 6 43.3 2018 2 16.0 Hardin 2013 2 9.0 134,890 2014 7 139.5 2017 2 8.5 2018 1 20.0 Hart 2014 6 51.5 105,010 2015 2 2.5 2016 1 1.0 2017 1 20.0 2018 1 5.0 Page | KDF - 8 County Year # of Fires # Acres Burned # Acres Vulnerable LaRue 2013 1 2.0 41,680 2014 4 87.0 2017 1 6.0 Lincoln 2013 4 49.0 55,180 2014 8 81.2 2015 6 45.4 2016 1 17.0 2018 2 4.0 McCreary 2013 6 119.0 217,750 2014 7 371.1 2016 9 401.0 2017 2 151.0 Marion 2013 1 20.0 79,650 2014 1 5.0 2015 1 5.5 2016 3 84.0 2017 2 70.0 2018 2 20.0 Meade 2014 3 29.0 59,230 Metcalfe 2013 8 63.4 82,240 2014 3 3.3 2015 2 24.5 2016 4 22.3 2017 7 42.3 2018 1 0.5 Monroe 2013 4 50.0 60,060 2014 6 97.0 2015 1 17.0 2016 1 2.0 2017 3 4.5 Pulaski 2013 2 25.1 216,590 2014 11 233.0 2015 2 100.0 2016 3 180.0 2017 7 123.5 Page | KDF - 9 County Year # of Fires # Acres Burned # Acres Vulnerable Rockcastle 2013 21 276.0 127,770 2014 15 480.0 2015 3 65.5 2016 9 613.0 2017 21 1485.3 2018 3 378.0 Russell 2014 1 15.0 87,220 2016 4 14.2 2017 1 30.0 Taylor 2014 4 43.5 73,550 2016 1 0.1 2017 2 1.2 Warren 2013 1 4.2 84,010 2014 2 78.0 2016 2 4.1 Wayne 2013 9 240.3 209,230 2014 10 384.0 2015 6 102.0 2016 16 562.0 2017 2 90.0 2018 1 10.0 Table F-6.