The 146Th Commencement Exercises for the Awarding of Degrees اﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻲ اﻟﺴﺎدس وارﺑﻌﻮن ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺌﺔ
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Chronos Uses the Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-SA That Lets You Remix, Transform, and Build Upon the Material for Non-Commercial Purposes
Chronos- Revue d’Histoire de l’Université de Balamand, is a bi-annual Journal published in three languages (Arabic, English and French). It deals particularly with the History of the ethnic and religious groups of the Arab world. Journal Name: Chronos ISSN: 1608-7526 Title: Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview Author(s): Tasha Voderstrasse To cite this document: Voderstrasse, T. (2019). Archaeology of Medieval Lebanon: an Overview. Chronos, 20, 103-128. https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476 Permanent link to this document: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v20i0.476 Chronos uses the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA that lets you remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes. However, any derivative work must be licensed under the same license as the original. CHl{ONOS Revue d'Histoirc de l'Univcrsite de Balamand Numero 20, 2009, ISSN 1608 7526 ARCHAEOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL LEBANON: AN OVERVIEW T ASHA VORDERSTRASSE 1 Introduction This article will present an overview of the archaeological work done on medieval Lebanon from the 19th century to the present. The period under examination is the late medieval period, from the 11th to the 14th centuries, encompassing the time when the region was under the control of various Islamic dynasties and the Crusaders. The archaeology of Le banon has been somewhat neglected over the years, despite its importance for our understanding of the region in the medieval period, mainly because of the civil war (1975-1990), which made excavations and surveys in the country impossible and led to the widespread looting of sites (Hakiman 1987; Seeden 1987; Seeden 1989; Fisk 1991 ; Hakiman 1991; Ward 1995; Hackmann 1998; Sader 2001. -
Abbreviations
ABBREVIATIONS Anonymous1 “De expugnatione civitatis Acconensis,” in Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene, ed. W. Stubbs, 3 vols, Rolls Series (London, 1868–71), 3.cvi–cxxxvi. Anonymous2 “Libellus de expugnatione terrae sanctae per Saladinum,” in Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon Anglicanum, ed. J. Stevenson, Rolls Series (London, 1875), 209–62. Anonymous3 “Ein zeitgenössisches Gedicht auf die Belagerung Accons,” in Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, ed. H. Prutz, vol. 21 (Göttingen, 1881), 449–94. Ansbert Quellen zur Geschichte des Kreuzzuges Kaiser Friedrichs I, ed. A. Chroust, Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum, New Series 5 (Berlin, 1928). Blasien Ottonis de Sancto Blasio chronica, ed. A. Hofmeister, Monumenta Germania Historica, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum (Hanover, 1912). xii ABBREVIATIONS Coggeshall Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon Anglicanum, De expugnatione terrae sanctae libellus, Thomas Agnellus de morte et sepultura Henrici regis Angliae junioris; Gesta Fulconis filii Warini; Excerpta ex Otiis imperialibus Gervasii Tilebutiensis, ed. J. Stevenson, 3 vols, Rolls Series (London, 1875). Devizes “The chronicle of Richard of Devizes,” in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I, ed. R. Howlett, 4 vols, Rolls Series (London, 1886). Eracles La Continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184–1197), ed. M.R. Morgan (Paris, 1982). Estoire The History of the Holy War: Ambroise’s Estoire de la Guerre Sainte, ed. and trans. M. Ailes and M. Barber, 2 vols (Woodbridge, 2003). Howden1 Gesta regis Henrici secundi Benedicti abbatis, ed. W. Stubbs, 2 vols, Rolls Series (London, 1867). Howden2 Chronica magistri Rogeri de Houedene, ed. W. Stubbs, 3 vols, Rolls Series (London, 1868–71). Ibn al- Athīr The Chronicle of Ibn al- Athīr for the Crusading Period from al- Mail fi’l- Ta’rikh, trans. -
De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae Per Saladinum: the Battle of Hattin, 11871 This Account Was Written by an Eyewitness, Possibly A
De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum: The Battle of They sent to Jerusalem to ask the Patriarch to bring the Holy Cross Hattin, 11871 with him to the camp...so that they might become bearers and keepers of This account was written by an eyewitness, possibly a Templar or the Lord’s Cross… Hospitallar. Meanwhile, the Syrians crossed the Jordan. They overran and laid In the year of the Lord’s incarnation 1187, the King of Syria [Saladin] waste the area around the springs of Cresson, from Tiberias to gathered together an army as numerous as the sands of the seashore in Bethany...After these advance parties had wrought their destruction, order to wage war on the land of Judah. He came up to the Jaulan, across Saladin and his whole army crossed the river. Saladin ordered his forces to the [Jordan] River, and there made camp. push on to Tiberias and besiege it. On Thursday, July 2, the city was The King of Jerusalem [Guy de Lusignan] also gathered his army from surrounded by archers and the battle was joined. The Countess [Eschiva, all of Judea and Samaria. They assembled and pitched camp near the wife of Raymond III of Tripoli] and the Galileans, since the city was not springs at Saffuriyah. The Templars and Hospitallers also assembled many fortified, sent messengers to the Count and King with the news: “The people from all their castles and came to the camp….Not a man fit for war Turks have surrounded the city. In the fighting, they have pierced the walls remained in the cities, towns, or castles without being urged to leave by the and are just now entering against us. -
The German Crusade of 1197–1198
This is a repository copy of The German Crusade of 1197–1198. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/82933/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Loud, GA (2014) The German Crusade of 1197–1198. Crusades, 13 (1). pp. 143-172. ISSN 1476-5276 © 2015, by the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Ashgate Publishing in Crusades on 01 Jun 2014, available online: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ashgate/cru/2014/00000013/00000001/art000 07. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 The German Crusade of 1197-98 G.A. Loud University of Leeds [email protected] Abstract This article reconsiders the significance of the German Crusade of 1197-8, often dismissed as a very minor episode in the history of the Crusading movement. -
Diplomacy, Society, and War in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, C.1240-1291
The Frankish Nobility and The Fall of Acre: Diplomacy, Society, and War in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, c.1240-1291 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Jesse W. Izzo IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Michael Lower October 2016 © Jesse W. Izzo, May 2016 i Acknowledgements It is a welcome task indeed to thank some of the many individuals and institutions that have helped me bring this project to fruition. I have enjoyed a good deal of financial support from various institutions without which this project would not have been possible. I extend my heartfelt thanks to the UMN Graduate School and College of Liberal Arts; to the History Department; to the Centers for Medieval Studies and Early Modern History at Minnesota; to the U.S. Department of Education for providing me with a Foreign Language and Area Studies award to study Arabic; and to the U.S.-Israel Education Foundation and Fulbright program, for making possible nine months of research in Jerusalem I cannot name all the marvelous educators I had in secondary school, so O.J. Burns and Ian Campbell of Greens Farms Academy in Westport, CT, two of the very best there have ever been, will need to stand for everyone. Again, I had too many wonderful professors as an undergraduate to thank them all by name, but I do wish to single out Paul Freedman of Yale University for advising my senior essay. My M.Phil. supervisor, Jonathan Riley-Smith, emeritus of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, helped set me on my way in researching the Crusades and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, as he has done for so many students before me. -
Women's Access to Safe Abortion in Lebanon
z. fathallah / abortion in the middle east and north africa, 21-31 Moral Work and the Construction of Abortion Networks: Women’s Access to Safe Abortion in Lebanon zeina fathallah Abstract This study explores the intersectional effects of criminalization on women’s access to safe abortion in Lebanon. Building on 119 original interviews with women who have had an abortion and physicians who offer safe abortion services, the article analyzes women’s experiences through two themes: decision making and accessibility to safe abortion services. The article finds that a woman’s decision to abort is morally conflicted and largely dependent on her partner: in the case of single women, this turns on whether the partner is willing to marry the woman and assume paternity of the future child, while in the case of married women, this turns on the husband’s agreement with the wife’s decision. Women use social networks to gain access to information and to clandestine abortion services. Most of the physicians offering abortion services act as moral gatekeepers, often condemning the woman and preserving certain social norms rather than advocating for women’s bodily autonomy and free choice. This article argues that the right to safe abortion is a privilege rather than a right in the restrictive Lebanese context, since access to services hinges on a woman’s social capital, networks, and ability to negotiate with partners and physicians. Single women from a lower socioeconomic background stand out as the most vulnerable. Zeina Fathallah is a Lecturer at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon. Please address correspondence to the author. -
Prince Fakhreddine Al-Ma Ni II Biography and Achievements
Prince Fakhreddine al-Macni II Biography1 and Achievements (1572-1635) Background He is the son of Prince Qūrqmāz Macan, known as Fakhreddine al Macni II or Fakhreddine, and is named after his grandfather. He is referred to as “The Great” for he was one of the greatest princes in Lebanon during the 16th and 17th centuries. Prince Qurqmāz Fakhreddine came to power in 1545 after the death of his father, Fakhreddine I. Qurqmāz liked the Lebanese people who took him as their role model. In 1584 he was killed by Ibrahim Pasha after being accused of stealing the treasury money, leaving two sons: Fakhreddine II and Yūnis. Origin Fakhreddine II was born in Bcaqlīn on August 6th, 1572. His father died when he was 12 years old (13 according to some references). His mother as-Sit Nasab then tried to keep ash-Shūf District until her son reached the age of maturity. Fearing that the Ottomans would aggress her sons, she asked al Hajj Kiwān, her House Manager, to hide them in a safe place. Passing through Anṭilyās, after fleeing to cAkkār during the night, al Hajj Kiwān ran into a friend of his, Abū Ṣaqr Ibrahīm Bin ash-Shidyāq Sarkīs al-Khazīn, who convinced him to hide in his house. They then went to the Convent of St. Joseph in Bḥirṣāf, and then to Ballūnāh in Kisirwān. It was said that when Ibrahīm Pasha left the country, haykh al-Khāzin sent the two princes to their uncle Emīr Sayf-id-Dīn at-Tannūkhī, W Al-ī of ash-Shūf District. -
Lebanon UMAYYAD ROUTE
LEBANON UMAYYAD ROUTE Umayyad Route LEBANON LEBANON UMAYYAD ROUTE LEBANON LEBANON UMAYYAD ROUTE Umayyad Route Lebanon. Umayyad Route Lebanon. Umayyad Route 1st edition, October, 2016 Editor Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí Texts LAU team: Dr. Rachid Chamoun, Partner coordinator and Dr. Abdallah Kahil, Heritage expert, Zeinab Jeambey, Gastronomy expert. Safadi Foundation team: Ms. Rima Abou Baker, Partner coordinator and Mr. Rabih Omar, heritage coordinator Ministry of Tourism, Lebanon: Mr. Rabih Chaddad Consultant: Tourleb, Lebanon, Ms. Nada Raphael and Ms. Joelle Sfeir Local support group: Dr. Hassan Akra, archeologist, and Dr. Wissam Khalil, archaeologist Photographs Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí / Daniele Grammatico; Kamel Jabber; Qantara_DMLG Prod; Ministry of Tourism, Lebanon; LAU Students Team, students: Richard Norman R.,Akle, Simon J.,Barada, Natali H., Bou Assi, Youssef G., Chahab Eddine, Mazen C., El Dabaghi, Nathalie C., El Howayek, Krystel R., Fahed, Gaelle J., Fares, Khaled B., Fayad, Nadine G., Frem, Pamela N., Ghosn, Joey M., Jaara, Rawan M., Khater, Rawane A., Kortbaoui, Stephanie E., Makhzoum, Fadel A., Noueihed, Linda A., Rizk, Yara T., Saade, Guy L., Sawalha, Karim N., Sawan, Tania Maria G. Project, graphic design and maps José Manuel Vargas Diosayuda. Diseño editorial ISBN: 978-84-96395-85-5 Gr- 1514 - 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, nor transmitted or recorded by an information retrieval system in any form or by any means, mechanical, photochemical, electronic, magnetic, electro-optical, photocopying or otherwise without written permission of the editors. © editing: Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí © texs: their respective authors ©photographic documentation: their respective authors The Umayyad Route is a project financed by the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) and led by the Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí. -
Lebanon Umayyad Route Lebanon Umayyad Route
LEBANON UMAYYAD ROUTE LEBANON UMAYYAD ROUTE Umayyad Route Lebanon. Umayyad Route Lebanon. Umayyad Route 1st edition, October, 2016 Editor Andalusian Public Foundation El legado andalusí Index Texts LAU team: Dr. Rachid Chamoun, Partner coordinator and Dr. Abdallah Kahil, Heritage expert, Zeinab Jeambey, Gastronomy expert. Introduction Safadi Foundation team: Ms. Rima Abou Baker, Partner coordinator and Mr. Rabih Omar, heritage coordinator Ministry of Tourism, Lebanon: Mr. Rabih Chaddad Consultant: Tourleb, Lebanon, Ms. Nada Raphael and Ms. Joelle Sfeir Umayyad Project (ENPI) 7 Local support group: Dr. Hassan Akra, archeologist, and Dr. Wissam Khalil, archaeologist Lebanon 8 Photographs Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí / Daniele Grammatico; Kamel Jabber; Qantara_DMLG Prod; Ministry of Route of the Umayyads in Lebanon 16 Tourism, Lebanon; LAU Students Team, students: Richard Norman R.,Akle, Simon J.,Barada, Natali H., Bou Assi, Youssef Umayyad and Modern Arab Food 29 G., Chahab Eddine, Mazen C., El Dabaghi, Nathalie C., El Howayek, Krystel R., Fahed, Gaelle J., Fares, Khaled B., Fayad, Nadine G., Frem, Pamela N., Ghosn, Joey M., Jaara, Rawan M., Khater, Rawane A., Kortbaoui, Stephanie E., Makhzoum, Fadel A., Noueihed, Linda A., Rizk, Yara T., Saade, Guy L., Sawalha, Karim N., Sawan, Tania Maria G. Itinerary Project, graphic design and maps José Manuel Vargas Diosayuda. Diseño editorial Beirut (Bayrout) 36 ISBN: 978-84-96395-85-5 Anjar 54 Gr- 1514 - 2016 Baalbek 66 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, nor transmitted or recorded by an information retrieval Sidon and Tyre (Saida and Sour) 84 system in any form or by any means, mechanical, photochemical, electronic, magnetic, electro-optical, photocopying or otherwise without written permission of the editors. -
Introduction مسار الفينيقيني the Phoenicians' Route
INTRODUCTION مسار الفينيقيني THE PHOENICIANS' ROUTE املقدمةTYRE SIDON BEIRUT JOUNIEH SIDON, south of Beirut, is known for its multi-layered sea citadel. Founded in the fourth millennium B.C., it is one of three major port city-states of the Canaanite/ During the Phoenician period, the bay of JOUNIEH Phoenician epoch, cited 35 times in the Old Testament. was an important winter shelter for ships sailing from the south to Byblos; hence its name Palaeby- In its long history, it has been home to the Phoenicians, BEIRUT, the capital and the largest city of Lebanon, has blus (literary before Byblos). It is mentioned in the Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Crusaders, Mamelukes and Ot- hosted successive historic periods of major powers and geography described by the Greek historian, Stra- tomans. civilizations in the Mediterranean and West Asia. It has Built around 2700 B.C., TYRE is the home of Elissar, bo. layers of Phoenician, Roman, Byzantine, Mameluke, Ot- the Phoenician princess who founded Carthage, as Nowadays, Jounieh is a main coastal city between Attractions in the area of Sidon: Echmoun, Magh- toman and French Mandate periods. Today’s archaeo- well as the home of Europa who was abducted by Beirut and Byblos. It is known for its seaside resorts, douche, the Beaufort Castle and Chhim. logical highlights include a Phoenician port, several Ro- Zeus disguised as a white bull. the Casino du Liban, the Ottoman and French Co- man remains of a hippodrome, baths and temples. lonial Old Souq in the center of the city, and the Two main archaeological sites – Al-Bass and Al-Mi- Attractions in the area of Beirut: Deir El-Qamar and Shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon as a main religious na – are testimony to its historical significance. -
Arab Americans and Their Communities of Cleveland
Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU Cleveland Memory Books 2013 Arab Americans and Their Communities of Cleveland Mary Haddad Macron Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevmembks Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons, East Asian Languages and Societies Commons, History of Religions of Eastern Origins Commons, Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation Macron, Mary Haddad, "Arab Americans and Their Communities of Cleveland" (2013). Cleveland Memory. 22. https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevmembks/22 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Books at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cleveland Memory by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PREFACE It is only a coincidence that we are publishing this monograph at a time when the Islamic world is increasingly influencing major international developments. We are hopeful, nevertheless, that during these difficult times we may be able to contribute to a better understanding of the Arab world, of their contributions to world civilizations, and their impact on the development of the American nation in general and Cleveland in particular. In comparison to other ethnic groups in Cleveland, the Arab American community is not one of our largest, oldest, or best organized. It has, however, and still is asserting a unique and valuable influence on the life and growth of this area. -
Coins of the CRUSADERS
Coins of the CRUSADERS The Crusades were a series of military conflicts of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal threats. Crusades were fought against Muslims, pagan Slavs, Russian and Greek Orthodox Christians, Mongols, Cathars, Hussites, and political enemies of the popes.[1] Crusaders took vows and were granted an indulgence for past sins. The Crusades originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule and were original- ly launched in response to a call from the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire for help against the expansion of the Muslim Seljuk Turks into Anatolia. The term is also used to describe contemporaneous and subsequent campaigns conducted through to the 16th century in territories outside the Levant usually against pagans, heretics, and peoples under the ban of excommunication for a mixture of religious, economic, and political reasons. Rivalries among both Christian and Muslim powers led also to alliances between religious factions against their opponents, such as the Christian alliance with the Sultanate of Rum during the Fifth Crusade. The Crusades had far-reaching political, economic, and social impacts, some of which have lasted into contemporary times. Because of internal conflicts among Christian kingdoms and political powers, some of the crusade expeditions were diverted from their original aim, such as the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Christian Constantinople and the partition of the Byzantine Empire between Venice and the Crusaders. The Sixth Crusade was the first crusade to set sail without the official blessing of the Pope, establishing the precedent that rulers other than the Pope could initiate a crusade.