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Home , Lady in the Lake, Playback (novel), The Lady in the Lake, The Little Sister, The Long Goodbye (novel), The Simple Art of Murder

Dictionary of Literary Biography • Volume Two Hundred Fifty-Three

Raymond Chandler A Documentary Volume

Edited by Robert F. Moss

A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book The Gale Group Detroit • San Francisco • London • Boston • Woodbridge, Conn. Contents

Plan of the Series xxi Introduction xxiii Acknowledgments xxv Permissions xxvi

Books by 3 Raymond Chandler: A Chronology of His Career and Writings 5 1. Chandler Before the Pulps, 1888-1932 13 A Child of Two Countries 13 Chandler letter to Charles Morton, 20 November 1944 Chandler letter to Morton, 1 January 1945 Dulwich College 17 H. V. Doulton, preface to Gilk.es and Dulwich: 1885-1914 Chandler letter to Wesley Hartley, 3 December 1957 \; A London Writer 23 Chandler letter to Hamish Hamilton, 11 December 1950 Chandler, "The Unknown Love," Chambers's Journal, 19 December 1908 Facsimile: Chandler, "The Wheel." Westminster Gazette, 26 March 1909 Chandler, "The Quest," Westminster Gazette, 2June 1909 Chandler, "The King," Westminster Gazette, 1 March 1912 Chandler, "The Genteel Artist," The Academy, 19 August 1911 Chandler, "The Remarkable Hero," the Academy, 9 September 1911 Facsimile: Chandler, "Realism and Fairyland," The Academy, 6January 1912 Jacques Barzun, "The Young Raymond Chandler," preface to Chandler Before Marlowe (1973) Chandler, review of The Broad Highway, The Academy, 18 March 1911 Chandler, review of The Reason Why, The Academy, 18 March 1911 A New World Chandler letter to Hamish Hamilton, 10 November 1950

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Los Angeles and War 32 Chandler, "Trench Raid," The Life of Raymond Chandler (1976) Facsimile: Chandler's Attestation Papers Facsimile: Chandler's Casualty Form Cissy 40 The Growdi of Los Angeles 41 The Oil Business 42 Chandler letter to Helga Greene, 5 May 1957 Albert W. Atwood, "Mad from Oil," The Saturday Evening Post, 14 July 1923

2. Apprenticeship and , 1933-1939 46 The Pulp Market 46 Frank Gruber, excerpt from The Pulp Jungle (1967) Getting Started Chandler letter to Wesley Hartley, 3 December 1957 Shaw and Black Mask 47 Joseph T. Shaw, introduction to The Hard-Boiled Omnibus (1946) Chandler on Shaw Chandler letter to Erie Stanley Gardner, 29 January 1946 Chandler on Flower Arrangement 50 Chandler letter to editor of The Fortnightly Intruder, 15 June 1937 Chandler letter to editor of the Fortnightly Intruder, 1 July 1937 Chandler and Depression-Era Los Angeles 52 Roy Meador, "Chandler in the Thirties: Apprenticeship of an Angry Man," Book Forum, 1982 Looking Back 61 Chandler, introduction to (1950) "Cannibalized" Stories 64 Philip Durham, introduction to Killer in the Rain (1964) A Parallel Passage Passages from "Finger Man" and the Big Sleep A First Novel 67 American Reviews of TheBigSleep (1939) 68 Will Cuppy, "Mystery and Adventure," Mew York Herald Tribune Books, 5 February 1939 "February Mysteries," Time, 6 March 1939 "New Books: A Reader's List," The Kew Republic, 15 March 1939 Chandler on the American Reception 69 Chandler letter to Alfred A. Knopf, 19 February 1939 English Reviews of The Big Sleep 72

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Milward Kennedy, "Nightmare of Crime," The Times (London), 8 March 1939 Chandler's First Paperback Chandler letter to Knopf, 8 February 1943 Ralph Partridge, "Death with a Difference," The New Statesman and Nation, 10 June 1939 Nicholas Blake, "The Big Shots," the Spectator, 31 March 1939

3. Early Novels, 1939-1944: Farewell, My Lovely; the High Window; and the 75 A Welter of Work 75 Chandler letter to Leroy Wright, 6July 1951 Facsimile: Chandler's plan for spring 1939 through spring 1941 A Second Novel 79 Chandler letter to Blanche Knopf, 23 August 1939 Chandler letter to Knopf, 15 September 1939 Chandler letter to George Harmon Coxe, 27 June 1940 The American Reception of Farewell, My Lovely (1940) 83 Will Cuppy, "Mystery and Adventure," New York Herald tribune Books, 6 October 1940 "A Reader's List," the New Republic, 1 October 1.940 Chandler letter to Blanche Knopf, 9 October 1940 Chandler letter to George Harmon Coxe, 5 November 1940 English Reviews of Farewell, My Lovely ; 86 "Fresh Bloods," the Spectator, 22 November 1940 Review, Manchester Guardian, 10 December 1940 The Brashear Doubloon and the High Window 87 Chandler letter to Blanche Knopf, 15 March 1942 Robert F. Moss, "Cracking die Cassidy Case," the Raymond Chandler Web Site '• The American Reception of the High Window (1942) 99 "Mystery and Crime," the New Yorker, 22 August 1942 Review, New York Herald tribune Books, 23 August 1942 Chandler letter to Blanche Knopf, 22 October 1942 Facsimile: Knopf reader's report, 29 July 1943 American Reviews of (1943) 102 "Mystery and Crime," the New Yorker, 6 November 1943 Will Cuppy, "Mystery and Adventure," New York Herald tribune Books, 7 November 1943 "Mysteries in November," time, 6 December 1943 English Reviews of the Lady in the Lake 104 John Hampton, "Fiction," the Spectator, 17 November 1944 Desmond MacCarthy, Sunday times, 29 October 1944

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4. The Hollywood Years, 1943-1947 ^ 108 A Hollywood Contract , 108 H. N. Swanson, excerpt from Sprinkled with Ruby Dust (1989) Working on (1944) 109 Ivan Moffatt, "On die Fourth Floor of Paramount," the World of Raymond Chandler (1977) Chandler letter to Hamish Hamilton, 10 November 1950 Reviews of Paramount's Double Indemnity 114 John Lardner, "The Current Cinema: Blood and Premiums," the New Yorker, 16 September 1944 Manny Farber, "Hard-as-Nails Dept.," the New Republic, 24 July 1944 Murder, My Sweet (1944) 117 "Sweet and Lovely Mayhem," Newsweek, 26 February 1945 The Worth of 120 Chandler letter to James Sandoe, 26 January 1944 Chandler letter to Charles Morton, 17 July 1944 Bernard DeVoto, "Easy Chair," Harper's Magazine, December 1944 Edmund Wilson, "Who Cares Who Killed Roger Ackroyd?: A Second Report on Detective Fiction;" the New Yorker, January 1945 Dale Warren letter to die editor, Atlantic Monthly, January 1945 Warren letter to the editor, the Saturday Review of Literature, 20 January 1945 D. C. Russell, "The Chandler Books," Atlantic Monthly, March 1945 Chandler on Screenwriting 125 Chandler letter to Charles Morton, 18 December 1944 Writing 127 John Houseman, excerpt from Front and Center (1979) MatthewJ. Bruccoli, "Raymond Chandler and Hollywood," the Blue Dahlia (1976) "Murder! Alan Ladd's Back," Newsweek, 22 April 1946 139 Making theBigSleep (1946) 140 Joseph McBride, interview widi Howard Hawks, from Hawks on Hawks (1982) Reviews of Hawks's theBigSleep 143 Philip T. Hartung, "The Screen," the Commonweal, 6 September 1946 Manny Farber, 'Journey Into die Night," the New Republic, 23 October 1946 ; Hollywood Frustrations and Fame 146 Chandler letter to Blanche Knopf, 27 March 1946

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Irving Wallace, "He Makes Murder Pay," Pageant Magazine, July 1946 Chandler letter to Hamish Hamilton, 6 October 1946 A New Home '. .151 Chandler letter to Dale Warren, 2 October 1946 Neil Morgan, "," California Magazine, June 1982 the High Window on Screen 152 Montgomery's Lady in the Lake (1947) 153 Review of the Lady in the Lake, the Commonweal, 31 January 1947 Marlowe as an Existentialist Hero 156 R. W. Flint, "A Cato of the Cruelties," Partisan Review, May/June 1947 Chandler on Hollywood 157 Chandler, "Oscar Night in Hollywood," the Atlantic Monthly, March 1948 A Second Original Screenplay

5. The Return of a Novelist, 1947-1952: 163 Changing Publishers 164 Facsimile: Hardwick Moseley memo to Dale Warren, '- 17 January 1947 Facsimile: Chandler letter to Carl Brandt, 11 May 1948 Dorothy de Santillana memo to Warren, undated \ Marlowe on the Radio 166 Auden on Chandler 166 W. H. Auden, "The Guilty Vicarage," Harper's Magazine, May 1948 Facsimile: Chandler letter to Nina Holton, 26 March 1949 the Little Sister Abridgement . 168 Chandler letter to Carl Brandt, 3 April 1949 Priestley's Praise J. B. Priestley, the New Statesman and Nation, 9 April 1949 English Reviews of the Little Sister (1949) 171 "Crime and Detection," Daily telegram and Morning Post, ljuly 1949 Robert Kee, "Fiction," the Spectator, 22 July 1949 American Reception of the Little Sister 172 Notice, Publishers' Weekly, 3 September 1949 Facsimile, Houghton Mifflin press release for the Little Sister "Mystery and Adventure," New York Herald tribune Book Review, 9 October 1949 "Murder Business," Newsweek, 31 October 1949 Facsimile: Chandler letter to Bernice Baumgarten, 15 November 1949

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Collecting the Simple Art of Murder 179 Chandler letter to Dale Warren, 22 December 1949 Facsimile: corrected proofs for the introduction to the Simple Art of Murder Taking Care of Business 182 Chandler letter to Bernice Baumgarten, 13 September 1950 The Carr Review 184 John Dickson Carr, "With Colt and Luger," the New York times Book Review, 24 September 1950 Chandler letter to Dale Warren, 4 October 1950 Letters to die editor, the New York times Book Review, 5 November 1950 Working on Strangers on a train 189 Chandler letter to Finlay McDermid, 2 November 1950 Notes by Chandler on Strangers on a train, undated Chandler's Critical Standing 193 Leslie A. Fiedler, "Style and Anti-Style in die ," Kenyan Review, Winter 1951 H. A. L. Craig, "The Whiskey of Affliction," the Listener, 27 September 1951 Repackaging Chandler Fantastic Tales Chandler letter to James Sandoe, 31 October 1951 Worries and Reflections 197 Chandler letter to Hamish Hamilton, 5 October 1951 Chandler on Agents 198 Chandler, "Ten Percent of Your Life," the Atlantic Monthly, February 1952

6. The Last Years, 1952-1959: the Long Goodbye and 203 A First Draft '. 203 Chandler letter to Bernice Baumgarten, 14 May 1952 Baumgarten letter to Chandler, 22 May 1952 Facsimile: corrections to a draft of the Long Goodbye, 21 May 1952 Facsimile: Chandler letter to Paul Brooks, 29 May 1952 Chandler in London 207 Cyril Ray, "The unconventional Mr. Chandler comes to Town," the times (London), 21 September 1952 Chandler letter to Hamish Hamilton, 5 November 1952 Chandler letter to William Townend, 11 November 1952 Hammett and Chandler 211 Facsimile: Chandler wire to Brandt & Brandt, 26 November 1952 DLB 253 Contents

John Paterson, "A Cosmic View of the Private Eye," the Saturday Review, 22 August 1953 The Publication of the Long Goodbye 213 Robert Henry Miller, "The Publication of Raymond Chandler's the Long Goodbye," Papers of the Bibliographic Society of America, 1969 Facsimile: two draft versions of the ending of the Long Goodbye, 24June and 9July 1953 English Reviews of the Long Goodbye 221 Punch, 30 December 1953 "Mild and Bitter," times Literary Supplement, 1 January 1954 "Detection and Thrillers," the New Statesman and Nation, 9 January 1954 The American Reception of the Long Goodbye 223 Chandler letter to Hardwick Moseley, 23 March 1954 "Mystery and Crime," the New Yorker, 27 March 1954 James Sandoe, "Mystery and Suspense," New York Herald tribune, 4 April 1954 Charles J. Rolo, ", Private Detective," the Atlantic Monthly, May 1954 Cissy's Death 229 Chandler letter to Hamish Hamilton, 5 January 1955 Neil Morgan, "The Long Goodbye," California Magazine, June 1982 The "Long Nightmare" of Mourning 233 Rene MacColl, "Raymond Chandler Now Says I Confess: 'I've no special knowledge about the police . . ." London Daily Express, 25 April 1955 Facsimile: Chandler letter to Hardwick Moseley, 23 March 1955 Natasha Spender, "His Own Long Goodbye," the World of Raymond Chandler (1977) Merrick Winn, "A Confession by Raymond Chandler," London Daily Express, 14 January 1956 Facsimile: Chandler letter to Moseley, 20 June 1956 Return to the U.S. and Playback., 248 The Reception of Playback 250 Notice, "Death Comes As the End," times Literary Supplement (11 July 1958) James Sandoe, "Mystery and Suspense," New York Herald tribune Book Review, 19 October 1958 Charles Rolo, Review of Playback, in the Atlantic Monthly (November 1958) Facsimile: Chandler letter to Paul Brooks, 28 December 1957 Harold Orel, "Raymond Chandler's Last Novel: Some Observations on the 'Private Eye' Tradition," Journal of the Central Mississippi Valley American Studies Association, Spring 1961 A Last London Interview 255 Derrick Sington, "Raymond Chandler on Crime and Punishment," twentieth Century, May 1959

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Concerns and Plans !. .257 Chandler letter to Hardwick Moseley, 5 October 1958 A Final Honor r,. . .262 Chandler letter to editor of the third Degree, 7 February 1959 Facsimile: "Raymond T. Chandler, Mystery Writer, 70, Dies," New York Herald tribune, 27 March 1959

7. Chandler's Popular and Literary Legacy 264 Marlowe on Television 265 Review of Philip Marlowe, Variety, 14 October 1959 A First Posdiumous Work 266 Hardwick Moseley memo to Paul Brooks, 2 October 1959 "Marlowe's Victim," times Literary Supplement, 23 March 1962 Wilson Pollock, "Man With a Toy Gun," the New Republic, 7 May 1962 Chandler's Knight 276 Philip Durham, excerpt from Down these Mean Streets a Man Must Go: Raymond Chandler's Knight (1963) New Editions and Collections 286 Lawrence Clark Powell, foreword to Raymond Chandler Omnibus (1964) Altaian's Long Goodbye 291 Charles Gregory, review, the Long Goodbye, Film Quarterly, Summer 1973 Respect Grows in the 1970s 295 Priscilla L. Buckley, "Tender is die Tough Guy," National Review, 12 November 1976 Peter J. Rabinowitz, "Rats Behind the Wainscoting: Politics, Convention, and Chandler's the Big Sleep," texas Studies in Language and Literature, 1980 Marlowe's Los Angeles 312 Paul Bishop, "The Longest Goodbye: or the Search for Chandler's Los Angeles," Mystery, March/April 1980 Chandler in France Charles Wasserburg, "Raymond Chandler's Great Wrong Place," Southwest Review, Autumn 1989 The Library of America Edition

For Furdier Reading and Reference 329 Bibliography Biography References Papers Cumulative Index 335

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