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An Exploration of the Social World of Indoor Rock Climbing

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An Exploration of the Social World of Indoor Rock Climbing WHO ARE CLIMBING THE WALLS? AN EXPLORATION OF THE SOCIAL WORLD OF INDOOR ROCK CLIMBING A Thesis by JASON HENRY KURTEN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2009 Major Subject: Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences WHO ARE CLIMBING THE WALLS? AN EXPLORATION OF THE SOCIAL WORLD OF INDOOR ROCK CLIMBING A Thesis by JASON HENRY KURTEN Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved by: Co-Chairs of Committee, C. Scott Shafer David Scott Committee Members, Douglass Shaw Head of Department, Gary Ellis December 2009 Major Subject: Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences iii ABSTRACT Who Are Climbing the Walls? An Exploration of the Social World of Indoor Rock Climbing. (December 2009) Jason Henry Kurten, B.B.A., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. C. Scott Shafer Dr. David Scott This study is an exploratory look at the social world of indoor rock climbers, specifically, those at Texas A&M University. A specific genre of rock climbing originally created to allow outdoor rock climbers a place to train in the winter, indoor climbing has now found a foothold in areas devoid of any natural rock and has begun to develop a leisure social world of its own providing benefit to the climbers, including social world members. This study explored this social world of indoor rock climbing using a naturalistic model of inquiry and qualitative methodology, specifically Grounded Theory (Spradley, 1979; Strauss & Corbin, 2008). This research borrows from the literature on social world theory, serious leisure as well as specialization. This study confirmed indoor rock climbing to be a form of serious leisure for some participants. Furthermore, it found the social world of indoor rock climbing at Texas A&M provides a deep sense of belonging to some members who were found to coalesce at a mesostructural level into a confederacy of iv peers (R. A. Stebbins, 1993). Bouldering was found to be an avenue for social world entry for men but the female experience in social world entry was found to be different. The most prominent finding of the study was that the facility itself provides a place of belonging for social world members, even diverse and different groups which, outside of the social world, may be expected to come into conflict. Lastly, it was found that the social world has the ability to mediate conflict or negative experiences arising from competition and feelings of risk and fear. This exploratory study is expected to provide a framework for which to conduct further, more in depth studies into phenomena affecting the lives and experiences of indoor rock climbers. Furthermore this study has practical significance in assisting climbing wall managers to better understand the culture that surrounds and utilizes the facilities they operate. A review of the current literature on rock climbing, research questions that guided the study and methodologies, as well as the study results and conclusions are discussed in this paper. v DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to my son Jackson Henry Kurten, a gift from God whom I will be thrilled to one day share a rope with. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis represents the culmination of years of work during the time I pursued my Master of Science Degree in the Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences at Texas A&M University. The simple truth is that I could not have done this without the support of a veritable army of people. I would like to thank my graduate committee, Dr. Scott Shafer, Dr. David Scott and Dr. Douglass Shaw all of whom encouraged me, advised me and guided my study. Dr. Shafer in particular is thanked for patiently shepherding my progress through my graduate degree these years. My biological family, work family at the Department of Recreational Sports and my graduate school friends are acknowledged for their encouragement and support while my energy and attention has been focused on completing my study. I would like to thank the rock climbing community at Texas A&M for being so welcoming and for being willing to open up their community and share themselves with the leisure studies world. They have provided amazing support in this process as well. Lastly and most importantly, I’d like to thank my wife Jenna and my son Jackson, who was born during the time this study was undertaken. Their support, encouragement and patience during my progress have been immeasurable and selfless. Jenna has provided the gentle encouragement I needed to complete my studies. Her edits, and insight were crucial in the completion of this study and I am blessed to have such a supportive family. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. iii DEDICATION .............................................................................................. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION…… ............................................................... 1 Definition of Terms .............................................................. 3 Organization of the Study .................................................... 6 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE....................................................... 8 Emergence of Indoor Rock Climbing ................................... 8 Social Worlds Perspective ................................................... 14 Specialization and Progression ........................................... 17 Serious Leisure ................................................................... 19 Summary ............................................................................. 23 Research Questions ............................................................ 23 Limitations ........................................................................... 25 III METHODOLOGY ...................................................................... 27 Research Design ................................................................. 29 Analysis ............................................................................... 33 Triangulation of Data ............................................................ 34 Trustworthiness .................................................................... 35 Limitations ........................................................................... 36 viii CHAPTER Page IV RESULTS ................................................................................. 39 Setting ................................................................................. 39 Serious Leisure .................................................................... 44 Indoor Rock Climbing Social World – The Climbing Community .......................................................................... 52 Finding Their Way In – Pathways for Community Entry ...... 59 Finding a Home – Community and Confederacy ................. 64 Disparate Groups - Outdoorsy Christians and Liberal Climbers .............................................................................. 76 Mediating Experience in the Social World ........................... 86 V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION .......................................... 95 Serious Leisure and Social World Participation ................... 95 Practical Implications for Managers ..................................... 102 Limitations and Areas for Future Research ......................... 106 REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 108 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................... 116 APPENDIX B ............................................................................................... 120 VITA ........................................................................................................... 122 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Rock climbing is a popular form of outdoor recreation that has seen many changes in its history. What began with mountaineering, participants striving to reach the top of key mountain peaks around the world, has evolved, in its most recent form, into participants climbing artificial structures housed inside warehouses, university recreation centers, summer camps, workout facilities and even malls and cruise ships. The unique social world that has evolved around the participation of some individuals in the climbing of these indoor structures is the focus of this study. In reality, how different is indoor rock climbing from outdoor rock climbing? Unfortunately, few studies of indoor rock climbers have been undertaken. At least one study incorporated both indoor and outdoor rock climbers (Rapelje, 2004), but no studies were found that looked expressly at the social world of indoor rock climbing. This paucity of available data is one reason for embarking upon this study. If one looks at anecdotal data from non-climbers and some novice climbers, they would suggest that indoor climbing and outdoor climbing are one in the same, however anecdotal data from experienced climbers reveals the groups are very different. ___________ This thesis follows the style of Journal of Leisure Research. 2 Indoor climbing
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