Index

A – prevention, 556 – epoxy resins, 654–655 abbreviations, lists of, 1849, 1892–1893 – printing plate, 554 – fibrin tissue glues, 656 abietic acid – radiation curing system, 547–549 – macromolecular molecules, 653 – adhesives and glues, 656, 657 – skin irritation, 555–556 – patch testing, 658–659 – chemical structures and references, 1737 – varnishes, 553 – phenol-formaldehyde resins, 653–654 abrasive and metal dust, 1420 acrylonitrile – plastic ingredients, 657–658 Acanthaster planci, 1410 – applications, 546–547 – tissue adhesives, 656 accelerators, 1575 – chemical structures and references, 1746 – two-component systems, 653 ACD (see allergic contact dermatitis) acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), 1303 – railroad shop workers, 1679 acetaldehyde, chemical structures and actinic keratoses ad hoc working party (AHWP), 164 references, 1737–1738 – and Bowen’s disease, 1080 adiponitrile, 1746 N-acetyltransferases, 117 – highway construction workers, 1529 aeroallergens, 181–182 acid dyes, 1711 – solar, 70 aerogenic contact dermatitis, 655 acid wipe sampling, 488, 508, 509, 521 acute and recurrent vesicular hand dermatitis Aeromonas hydrophila, 1410, 1705 acne – causes and aggravating factors aestivalis acne, 335 – excorie´e, 375 – atopy, 187 ah receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), 344 – mechanica, 894 – biofeedback training, 189 airborne allergic contact dermatitis, 801, 802 – retinoids, 1031 – clinical description, 186 airborne contact dermatitis acneiform eruption, 1946 – hyperhidrosis, 189 –ACD acneiform irritant contact dermatitis, 92 – irritants and allergens contact, 187 – allergens, 180–181 acrylamide, 546 – systemic exposure, allergens, 188 – clinical symptoms, 179–180 – chemical structures and references, 1738 – tinea pedis, 188–189 – differential diagnosis, 180 – chemical structures, contact – tobacco smoking, 189 – aromatherapy treatment, 1266 allergens, 1738 – DASI, 185 – classification, 176 (meth)acrylate, 1489 – differential diagnoses, 189–190 – contact urticaria, 181, 182 acrylates – dyshidrosis and pompholyx, 185 – diagnostic procedures, 182–183 – acrylic resins, 543–544 – dyshidrotic eczema, 185, 186 – extrinsic atopic dermatitis, 181–182 – adhesives and glues, 655–656 – epidemiology, 186 – fiberglass, dusts, 419 – and anaerobic sealants, 671–672 – palmar and plantar skin, 185 – ICD, 93 – bifunctional aromatic, 1692, 1693 – treatment – dust particles, 178 – boat building, 1306 – alitretinoin, 191 – fibers, 177–178 – chemical structures and references, 1738 – azathioprine, 192 – sprays, 178–179 – dental, 550–551 – botulinum toxin-A, 191 – vapors, and gasses, 178–179 – furniture manufacture, 1488 – corticosteroid, 190 – offending agent, 175–176 – glass workers, 1500 – cromoglycate therapy, 192 – phenol-formaldehyde resin, 1488 – silk-screen workers, 1691–1693 – cyclosporine, 192 – phototoxic and photoallergic, 181 – urethane, 1745–1746 – etanercept, 192 – prevention and treatment, 183 acrylic acid, chemical structures and – iontophoresis, 191 – sawdust, 1486 references, 1738 – low-diet treatment, 190 – sick building syndrome, 175 acrylic nails, 1383, 1384 – methotrexate, 192 – timber, 1487 acrylic resins – mycophenolate mofetil, 192 – tobacco, 1371–1373 – acrylamide, 546 – radiotherapy, 192–193 – vapors and gasses, 176 – acrylates, 543–544 – topical calcineurin inhibitor, 191 – winemakers, 1731 – acrylonitrile, 546–547 acute intoxication, 329–330 airborne dermatitis – allergic contact dermatitis (see allergic acute pyogenic paronychia, 1641 – dandelion, 1493, 1494 contact dermatitis) acylaminopenicillin, 1817 – XCupressocyparis leylandii, 1495 – cyanoacrylates, 545–546 AD (see atopic dermatitis) airborne exposure, 1419 – epoxyacrylates, 546, 549 adapalene, 1030 airborne photo-allergic contact dermatitis, 181 – inks, 636 adhesives airborne phototoxic contact dermatitis, 181 – methacrylates, 544–545 – and glues aircraft industry – patch test, 554–555 – acrylates, 655–656 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1257, 1258 – plumbers, 552 – colophony, 656 – chromate dermatitis, 1258 – positive allergens, 549 – contact dermatitis, 659 – composite material, 1257, 1258 1980 Index

– contact allergens, 1259 – dental acrylates, 550–551 – chlorpromazine, 1642 – epoxy resins, 1258, 1259 – epoxyacrylates, 553–554 – chromium, 496 – ERS, 1258 – paints, 553 – cigarette, 1371–1373 – hardeners, 1258 – radiation-curable inks, 553 – cigar makers, 1371–1373 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1257, 1260 – UV-cured inks, 553 – citrus fruit, 1332 – metals, 1259 – airborne – citrus solvent, 683–684 – metalwork fluids, 1258 – allergens, 180–181 – cobalt, 296 – no touch techniques, 1259–1260 – clinical symptoms, 179–180 – cobalt–2-ethylhexoate, 1658 – occupational contact dermatitis, 1259 – differential diagnosis, 180 – colophony (rosin), 683, 697, 719 – oil acne, 1257 – aircraft industry, 1257, 1258 – compositae/asteraceae, 800–802 – potting compound, 1257 – alkyd resins, 613 – construction repair and painting – prepregs, 1258 – allergen avoidance, 1110 materials, 1570 – solvents, 1258 – allergen bank, 900 – copper (cuprum), 693 – thiokol, 1258 – allergen-specific T cells, 114 – crop plants, 1434–1435 air hammer operators – alstroemeria, 802, 803 – cycklohexanone resin, 683 – CTS, 1263 – aluminum sheets, 1423 – DBTU, 686 – diagnosis and classification, 1263 – anacardiaceae, 800 – definition, 1109 – epidemiology, 1261 – animals, 819 – delayed-type sensitivity reaction, 936 – etiology, 1261–1262 – antiperspirant Hydonan, 1571 – dental personnel – intermittent vascular symptoms, 1263 – aromatherapy, 1266–1267 – additives, 1395 – irritants and allergens, 1261, 1262 – athletes, 1670–1672 – airborne contact dermatitis, 1394 – neurological symptoms, 1263 – atopic dermatitis, 207–208 – chemical structure, 1394 – pathophysiology, 1262 – bakers, 1198, 1199, 1271–1273 – contact sensitization, 1390–1391, – prognosis, treatment, and prevention, – bath attendants, 1283–1287 1393, 1394 1263–1264 – batik manufacturing worker, 1291–1294 – diagnosis, 1390 – vibrating tools and machinery, 1261, 1262 – battery maker, 1298 – Infodent database, 1390 ® Aktuan – beeswax, 1300 – latex gloves, 1395–1396 – cymoxanil, 1776 – bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin, 572–573 – metals, 1395 – dithianone, 1792 – BIT and formaldehyde, 1929 – methacrylates, 1391, 1394–1395 ® Alachlor , chemical structures and – boat building, 1305, 1306 – patch-test, 1391, 1392, 1395, 1396 references, 1746 – brake-lining workers, 1309–1311 – resins, 1395 alantolactone – Buehler test, 1137 – dermatohistopathology, 983–984 – chemical structures and references, – butchers and slaughterhouse workers, – dermatological effects, 1346–1347 1746–1747 1314–1315 – DGEBA epoxy resins, 569–571 – costunolide, 1774 – cabinet makers – dilution, 721 – forestry workers, 1455 – bark, 1319 – dioxane and alcohols, 709 alcohol, 1281 – 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone, 1320 – discoid eczema, 720 alcoholic drinks, 1281 – erythema multiforme reaction, 1325 – D-limonene, 709 aliphatic isocyanates, 592 – fire retardant and fungicides, 1319 – Draize test, 1135–1136 aliphatic polyisocyanates, 1603 – glues paints and lacquer, 1323, 1325 – eczema, 1110 alitretinoin – heartwood and insect, 1319 – effector phase – chronic hand eczema, 1049–1050 – lichens and liverworts, 1319 – downregulatory processes, 132–133 – gel, 1030 – phenol, 1320 – early phase reactivity, 130–131 alkaloid theophylline, 1750 – preservatives and treatment, 1320, – effector T-cell phenotypes, 131–132 alkanolamines, 1504, 1505 1323–1325 – elicitation, 114, 127–129 alkylamine, 1750 – prevention and treatment, 1326 – irritant properties, 129–130 allergen bank, 900 – quinones, 1320 – T-cell patrol and infiltrate allergens – sapwood, 1319 specificity, 131 – fur dressing, 1480 – stilbenes and terpenes, 1320 – embalmers, 1421–1422 – fur farming, 1479 – testing and methodology, 1325–1326 – emollients, 1220 – fur-garment industry, 1481 – type I and type IV allergic – endogenous factors, 1110 allergic cement eczema, 533, 1355–1356 reaction, 1320 – epoxy resin, 569, 681, 720 allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) – wood exposure, 1319 – EPTMAC, 573 – accelerators, 729, 730 – wood working industry, 1321–1323 – essential oils, 458–462 – acrylic nails, 1384 – candy bars, 1331 – ethylenediamine, 720 – acrylic resins – carpenter, 1337–1343 – ethylene glycol, 1500 – acrylamide derivatives and – ceramic worker, 1359–1360 – farm animals, 1436 acrylonitrile, 554 – cheese makers, 1361–1362 – fiberglass, dusts – acrylic glues, 551–552 – chemists, 1363–1366 – causes, 418 – artificial nail products, 551 – child daycare workers, 1369–1370 – epoxy resin, 418–419 – coatings, 553 – chloracetophenone, 1569 – patch testing, 418 Index 1981

– rubbing test, 418 – monoacrylates and – hyperkeratotic lesions, 739, 740 – p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde monomethacrylates, 681 – leukoderma, 739–740 resin, 419 – multifunctional acrylates, 681–682 – lichenoid contact dermatitis, 740 – flare-up and retest reactivity – musicians, 1581–1583 – patch testing, 737–738 – local allergen-retention, 133 – MWF, 1347–1348 – pompholyx/dyshidrotic-like – local T-cell retention, 133–134 – nail-elongating chemical, 1385 eczema, 739 – flavor ingredients, 1329 – naturally drying oils, 683 – PPD, 736 – flour, 1331 – nickel, 296, 694, 1110 – pulpitis, 738, 739 – forestry worker, 1462–1463 – non-diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, – purpuric reactions, 740–741 – formaldehyde-releasing biocides, 721 571–572 – pyoderma gangrenosum, 740 – formaldehyde resins, 681 – non-formaldehyde-releasing biocides, 721 – Saarland, Germany, 55 – Freund’s complete adjuvant test, 1137 – North Bavaria incidence rates, 52–53 – scratch-chamber testing, 1274 – fruits and vegetables, 811–813 – occupational contact dermatitis, 1109 – sensitizing oil additives, 721–722 – gardeners, 1492–1494 – oil-related dermatitis, 719 – sesquiterpene lactone mix, 1110 – genetic susceptibility – oil rig workers, 1592 – shoe manufacturers and repairers, 1689 – biotransformation, 1173 – open epicutaneous test, 1136–1137 – skin exposure, 1898 – inflammatory genes, 1173 – operating room staff, 1598 – skin protective products, adverse effect, – skin barrier, 1172–1173 – optimization test, 1137 539–541 – glutaraldehyde, 1198 – papulovesicles, 719 – sodium-carboxymethyl-cellulose, 612 – glutathione transferases, 1173 – patch test, 1198–1199 – sodium mercaptobenzthiazole, 719 – gold, 514–517 – PC allergens, 1216–1217 – soldering flux, 1347 – gold cyanide, 693 – PFA hardeners, 682 – solvents, 708 – guinea pig sensitization test, 1135 – phenol-formaldehyde resins, 608 – spices, 807, 808 – hairdresser, 1511–1512 – photographers and photo-lab workers, – split adjuvant test, 1137 – hand care, 1111 1636, 1638 – styrene, 709 – hardeners, 572 – pigments, 678, 686 – suspected plant contact dermatitis, – healthcare worker, 1186, 1520–1523 – plant allergens chemistry, 799 799–800 – hedera helix, 802, 803 – plant essential oils, 1300 – swimming pool worker, 1703–1704 – house workers, 1531, 1532 – plastic gloves, 1347, 1927, 1928 – synthetic waxes, 698 – human sensitization assays, 1138, 1139 – plastic resin systems, 1347 – tattoo artists, 1709, 1710 – hyporeactivity – plumbers and pipe fitters, 1654 – therapeutic intervention, 1111 – cellular basis, active tolerance, 135–136 – polycarbonates, 611 – tobacco, 1371–1373 – and hyperreactivity, 115 – polyurethane, 593–594 – tulip bulb handlers, 798, 799 – immune response regulation, 135, 136 – polyurethane resins, 682–683 – turpentine, 683, 709 – lasting tolerance induction, naive – positive patch-test, 720 – unsaturated polyester resins, 683 individuals, 137 – potassium dichromate, 1109–1110 – UP resins, 601–602 – regulatory mechanisms, effector – pottery worker, 1359–1360 – veterinarians, 1724 phase, 136–137 – poultry processors, 1641–1642 – veterinary drugs and feed additives, 1433 – tolerance mechanisms – primulaceae, 802 – welders, 1729–1730 redundancy, 137 – prognosis, 1109 – winemakers, 1731, 1732 – transient desensitization, primed – propolis (bee-glue), 1299 – woods, 826–827 individuals, 137–138 – pulp and paper worker, 1612 allergic eczematous reactions, 1394, 1395 – induction phase (see induction phase) – purpuric eruption, 297 allergy to laboratory animals (ALA), 1965 – irritant avoidance/reduction, 1111 – PVC, 1943–1949 allicin, chemical structures and references, 1747 – IVDK, 1198 – QSAR, 1135 allyl glycidyl ether, chemical structures and – ivy leaf, 802, 803 – reactive diluents, 572 references, 1747 – laboratory technicians, 1544–1547 – repeated-insult patch test, 1138 allyl isothiocyanate, chemical structures and – lanolin, 698 – risk factor, 1199 references, 1747 – lichenified and fissured palmar – roofers, 1687 allylpropyldisulfide, chemical structures and eczema, 720 – rosin references, 1747–1748 – lichen-planus-like eruptions, 297 – health effects, 477 alopecia, 1935–1941 – locksmiths, 1555 – occupational exposure, 476–477 alpha-isomethyl ionone, 444 – masseurs, 1561 – screening and patch test, 473–475 alpha-naphthol, 1818 – mass production, bedding plants, 798, 799 – skin exposure, 475–476 alpha-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 1799 – maximization test, 1138 – royal jelly, 1300 alpha-pinene, chemical structures and – melamine-formaldehyde resin, 610 – rubber references, 1827 – metal industry, 1565 – allergic sensitization, 735 Alstroemeria, 802, 803 – metals and metal salts, 686 – banbury mixers, 735, 736 Alstroemeria magnifica, 1448 – metalworkers, 1208 – bleached rubber syndrome, 738 aluminum, 521–522 – 1-methylquinoxaliniump-toluene – erythema multiforme, 740 – abrasive agent, 303 sulfonate, 1655, 1656 – gloves, 738, 739, 1347, 1925, 1926 – architectural, 490 1982 Index

– boat, 1303, 1304 – phenyl glycidyl ether, 1938 – mupirocin, 385 – catalyst, 339 – vs. telogen hair loss, 1937 – qualities, 385, 386 – chloride, 1068 anagen hair loss – repertoire – chlorohydrate, 1214 – chemotherapy and cytostatic drugs, – chloramine T, 388–389 – electrodes, 1068 269–270 – chlorhexidine, 389 – engraver working, 1423 – diagnosis, 268, 273 – chloroxylenol, 390 ® – Finn Chambers , 391 – dystrophic anagen, 268 – Dakin’s solution, 388 – jewelers, 1536, 1537, 1539–1541 – heavy metals, 272 – ethyl alcohol, 387 – metallic coatings, 692 – loose anagen syndrome, 268 – hexamidine diisethionate, 389 – PAHs, 249 – prodromal phase, 270 – hexetidine, 389 – pitch workers, 1644 – radiation, 270–271 – hydrogen peroxide, 388 – roof coatings, 1683 – thallium, 272 – inorganic mercuric compounds, 391 American Society of Testing and Materials – treatment – iodine tincture, 387–388 (ASTM), 1225, 1226 – arsenic, 274 – iodoform, 387 amethocaine, chemical structures and – boric acid, 274–275 – isopropyl alcohol/isopropanol, 387 references, 1748 – mercury, 273–274 – mercuric organic compounds, aminoethylethanolamine, chemical structures – selenium, 275 391–392 and references, 1749 An Anecdotical Biographical History of Poison – mercury, 391 p-amino-N,N-diethylaniline sulfate, chemical Ivy, 39 – nitrofurazone, 390 structures and references, 1748 anaphylaxis, 756 – octenidine, 390–391 o-aminophenol, chemical structures and anethole, chemical structures and – PHMB, 391 references, 1749 references, 1752 – potassium permanganate, 390 p-aminophenol, chemical structures and aniline dyes, 1073 – povidone-iodine, 388 references, 1749 animals – quaternary ammonium aminophylline, chemical structures and – ACD, 819 compounds, 389 references, 1750 – contact urticaria, 820, 822 – silver nitrate, 390 ammonium bituminosulfonate, 1076 – cow-dander allergy, 819, 820 – silver sulfadiazine, 390 ammonium ichthosulfonate, 1076 – dander/hair, 1481, 1724 – sodium hypochlorite, 388 ammonium mercaptoacetate, 1750 – diagnosis, 821–822 – triclosan, 389 ammonium peroxydisulfate, 1750 – direct/indirect skin contact, 819 – triphenylmethane dyes, 392 ammonium persulfate – dust, 1479–1481 – wound and burn dressings, 390 – blonding agents, 1514 – excreta, 1479, 1480 – retapamuline, 385 – chemical structures and – farm, 1436 apitherapy, beekeeper, 1299 references, 1750 – insects, 819 aquagenic urticaria, 225, 1286 ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) – laboratory animals, 820–821 Arachniodes adiantiformis, 1449 – chemical structures and references, – non-allergic skin pathology, 819–820 arc welding, 1729 1750–1751 – OSD, 819, 820 argyria, 1638 – reducing agents, 1514 – PCD, 822 aroma lamps therapy, 1266 amniotic fluid, 1724 – scabies mite infestations, 819 aromatherapy amoxicillin, chemical structures and – SPT, 820 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1266–1267 references, 1751 – zoonotic infections, 819 – contact allergy, 1266 amphoteric surfactant, 1514 antiarrhythmic amiodarone, 157 – essential oils, 1265–1266 ampicillin, chemical structures and anticorrosion agent, 1423 – irritants and allergens, 1265, 1266 references, 1751 antifouling paints, 1603 – patch testing, 1267 amprolium (hydrochloride), chemical anti-impaction gloves, 351 aromatic amine, 330–331 structures and references, 1751–1752 antimicrobials, 156 aromatic hydrocarbon compounds:, 1586–1587 a-amylase, 1274 antimitotic agents, 1935, 1938 arsenic, 522 amylcinnamaldehyde, chemical structures and antimony trioxide, chemical structures and – anagen hair loss, 274 references, 1752 references, 1753 – and arsenic salts, chemical structures and a-amyl cinnamic aldehyde, 1752 antioxidants, 731–732, 1361, 1362 references, 1753 amyl cinnamyl alcohol, chemical structures and antiseptics – inorganic and organometal pesticides, 778 references, 1752 – allergic contact dermatitis, 387 – metallic coatings, 692 anabolic androgen steroid (AAS), 1663 – anaphylactic reactions, 387 – occupational hazards, 70–71 anacardiaceae, 800–802 – bacitracin, 385 – skin cancer, 248–249, 1244–1245, 1248 anacardic acids, chemical structures and – definition, 385 arthropods, 1570–1571 references, 1752 – fusidic acid, 385 articaine (hydrochloride), chemical structures anagen – gram-positive/negative bacteria, 386 and references, 1753 – antimitotic agents, 1938 – immunological contact urticaria, 387 asbestos, 1533 – effluvium, 1937, 1938, 1941 – in vitro spectrum of activity, 386 Ascosphaera apis, 1301 – hair cycle, 1936 – irritant reactions, 386 asenical keratoses, 70 ® – hair loss (see anagen hair loss) – MRSA infection, 385 Aset aqua, 1750 Index 1983

Aspergillus flavus, 1301 atopic dermatitis (AD), 52, 55 azathioprine (AZA) asphalt – adolescence and adulthood, 201 – chemical structures and references, – fumes, 1298 – allergic contact dermatitis, 207–208 1753–1754 – road construction workers, 1529, 1530 – atopic march, 202 – clinical pharmacology, 1045–1046 – shingles, 1684 – ceramides and sphingomyelinase – efficacy, 1046 – workers (paving), 1269–1270 activity, 202 – mechanism of action, 1046 Aspidosperma spp., 1319 – children, 202 – safety, 1046 asteatotic eczema, 92 – chronic inflammatory skin disease, 201 azo dyes asthma, 1505 – cornified envelope proteins, 202 – leather industry, 1551 ASTM (see American Society of Testing and – cytokine, 203 – textile workers, 1711, 1717 Materials) – fiberglass, dusts, 419–420 ATG (see ammonium thioglycolate) – FLG mutations, 202, 1171 B athletes – frictional trauma/mechanic skin baboon syndrome, 428 – anabolic androgen steroid, 1663 diseases, 213 bacterial infections – contact dermatitis – hairdressers, 1512 – anthrax, 236–237 – allergic contact dermatitis, – and hand eczema, 1113 – athletes 1670–1672 – healthcare worker, 1523 – CAMRSA, 1665 – allergic eczema, 1672 – mononuclear cells and eosinophils, 203 – dermatitis palaestrae limosae, 1666 – aquatic contact allergy, 1672 – OCD (see occupational contact – erythrasma, 1667 – athletic tape, 1671 dermatitis, atopic dermatitis) – folliculitis, 1666 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1670 – pathogenesis, 206–207 – foot, 236 – mask burn, 1672 – pathophysiology, 202 – furuncles/boils, 1665 – nickel, 1671 – prevalence, 201 – group-A beta-hemolytic – oral medications, 1673 – prevention, 209–210 streptococci, 1665 – resins, 1672 – risk factors – impetigo, 1665 – Rhus plants, 1671 – apprenticeship, 205 – marine-acquired bacterial skin – sporting equipment, 1672 – atopic skin disposition, 206 infections, 1667 – swimmers and divers, 1672 – multiplicative effect, 206 – pitted keratolysis, 1667 – topical anesthetics, 1672 – PACO study, 204–205 – BCG vaccination, 238 – cutaneous infections – POSH, 205 – brucellosis, 237 – bacteria, 1665–1668 – PROMETES, 204, 205 – erysipeloid, 236 – frequently observed infections, – skin atopy, 203 – fish tank granuloma, 238–239 1664, 1665 – T cells, 203 – MRSA and CA-MRSA, 235 – fungi, 1669–1670 – trigger factors, 202 – Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis, 237 – molluscum contagiosum, 1664 – welding, 1729 – staphylococcal and streptococcal, 235 – sports-related dermatological atopic eczema (AE), 7 – tularemia, 237 bacterial infections, 1664, 1666 atopic skin diathesis, 1206, 1208 – warty tuberculosis, 238 – temporarily disqualifying atopy, hand eczema bakers dermatological disorders, 1663, 1665 – Dutch population-based, 1115 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1271–1273 – viruses, 1667–1669 – occupational skin disease, 1115–1116 – contact urticaria/protein contact – mechanical trauma – Swedish population-based, dermatitis, 1273–1274 – abrasions, 1661 1114–1115 – epidemiology, 1271, 1272 – acne mechanica, 1663 atranorin, 1455, 1465, 1466 – intervention, 1274–1275 – black heel, 1662 Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear – irritant contact dermatitis, – calluses, 1662 Safety Agency (ARPANSA), 1245 1271, 1272 – collagenomas, 1663 automotive industry – parasites, 1274 – corns, 1662 – dermatological hazards and diseases balsam of Peru, 1272, 1274 – friction blisters, 1661–1662 – allergic hand eczema, 1346 BAMM (see bis(4-amino–3-methylcyclohexyl) – lacerations, 1661 – auto body workshops exposures, methane) – miscellaneous dermatoses, 1663, 1664 1349–1350 Bandrowski’s base, 117 – piezogenic pedal papule, 1663 – automobile workers prevention, 1350 banned aromatic amines, 1718 – subungual hemorrhages, 1662 – maintenance and repair, 1349 barber’s dermatoses – turf toe, 1662–1663 – MWF, 1347–1349 – callosities, 1277 – parasitic infections, 1670 – occupational exposures, 1346, 1347 – hair sinus – physical and environmental factors, – vehicle parts manufacturing and – history, 1277–1278 1673–1674 assembly, 1347 – incidence, 1278 – stings and infestations, 1670 – vehicle repair and maintenance, 1349 – pathogenesis, 1278, 1279 athlete’s foot, 236 – vehicle production, 1345 – surgical treatment, 1279 atomic absorption spectrophotometry, AZA (see azathioprine) barber’s hair sinus, 1386 (see also barber’s 969–972 azaperone, chemical structures and dermatoses) atopic contact dermatitis, 1973 references, 1753 barotrauma, 1405 1984 Index

® barrier creams beekeeper Bioban P–1487, chemical structures and – hand eczema management, 1009–1010 – apitherapy, 1299 references, 1758–1759 – and petrolatum effect, 1215, 1216 – bee moths, 1301 biocides – protective creams, 1211 – beeswax, 1300 – butylated hydroxytoluene, 686 – RCT, 1218 – bee venom allergy, 1300 – chloracetamides, 684 bartender, 1281–1282 – contact hypersensitivity, 1300 – chlorocresol, 686 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 65 – disinfectant, 1299 – formaldehyde and formaldehyde – diagnosis, 1080–1081 – eczema, 1299 releasers, 684, 685 – distribution and etiologic factors, 67 – formic acid, 1299 – iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, 685–686 – follow-up and prevention, 1081 – immunotherapy, 1301 – isothiazolinones, 684 – forestry worker, 1455 – plant essential oils, 1300 – leather industry, 1551 – mountain guides, 1578, 1579 – prevention, 1301 – machinists, 1557 – nonsurgical local treatment options, 1081 – prognosis, 1301 – methyldibromo glutaronitrile, 685 – nonsurgical systemic treatment – propolis, 1299 – N-(Trichloromethylthio) phthalimide, 686 options, 1081 – royal jelly, 1300, 1301 – paints, 678, 679 – occupational skin cancer, 1244, 1245 – thymol, 1300 – photographers and photo-lab – PAHs, 71 – type I-allergy, 1300–1301 workers, 1639 – risk factors, 68, 69 beer, 1281 – tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, 686 – skin cancer, 247–251 bee venom allergy, 1300 biological hazards – surgical treatment options, 1081 benomyl, chemical structures and – farmers and farmworkers, 1427–1428 – types, 67 references, 1754 – poultry processors, 1641 – UV radiation, 72–73 benoxaprofen, 156 – tattoo artists, 1709 baseline series, 63 bentonite, 1595 biological/pharmacological response, 10 basic dyes, 1711 benzalkonium chloride N,N-bis-(3-aminopropyl) dodecylamine, basic red 46, chemical structures and – chemical structures and references, chemical structures and references, 1750 references, 1754 1754–1755 bismark brown, 1552 Bateman’s eczema rubrum, 40 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1571 bis(4-amino–3-methylcyclohexyl) methane bath attendants 4-N,N-(dimethylamino) benzenediazonium (BAMM), 313–314 – bromine-based disinfectants, 1284 chloride, chemical structures and bisphenol, 1475, 1476 – chlorine-based disinfectants, 1283–1284 references, 1785 bisphenol A, chemical structures and – contact dermatitis, 1286, 1287 benzimidazole, 1754 references, 1759 – dermatoses, 1284–1286 1,2-benzisothiazolin–3-one, 1339 bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), – mycotic/viral contamination, 1286 benzisothiazolinone (BIT), 1928, 1929 chemical structures and references, 1759 – pool edges disinfection, 1284 benzisothiazolone (BIT), chemical structures bisphenol A diglycidylether diacrylate – sensitization, 1286–1287 and references, 1755 (Bis-GA), chemical structures and – skin cancer, 1286 benzophenones (BZP), chemical structures and references, 1738 – swimming pools’ disinfection, 1283 references, 1755–1756 bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (Bis-GMA) – urticaria, 1285 benzoquinone, 1807 – chemical structures and references, batik manufacturing worker benzoyl peroxide, chemical structures and 1738–1739 – ACD, 1294 references, 1756 – gels, 1384 – canting tool, 1289 benzydamine hydrochloride, chemical o,p-bisphenol F and p,p-bisphenol F, chemical – colorants and chemical, 1289 structures and references, 1757 structures and references, 1760 – contact sensitization, 1294 benzyl alcohol, chemical structures and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (DGEBF), – dye, 1289, 1292 references, 1757 chemical structures and references, 1760 – ergonomic, 1294 benzyl benzoate, chemical structures and bitumen – health hazards, 1291 references, 1757 – asphalt workers, 1269 – hot wax exposure, 1291 o-benzyl-p-chlorophenol, 1281, 1282 – insulation workers, 1533 – irritants and allergens, 1289–1290, 1293 benzylpenicillin, chemical structures and – road construction workers, 1529 – patch test, 1294 references, 1757 black-and-white developer, 1636 – personal hygiene, 1293 beryllium, 523, 1539–1541 black palm, 1662 – personal protective device, 1294 Betadine, 1702 black-rubber mix, 1555, 1789 – respiratory problem and eye beta-pinene, chemical structures and bladder cancer, 1386 irritation, 1291 references, 1827 bleached rubber syndrome, 728, 738 – skin impairment, 1291, 1294 bexarotene gel, 1030–1031 bleaches, 1531 – types, 1289, 1290 BHT (see butylated hydroxytoluene) boat building – work duration, 1293, 1294 bifunctional aromatic acrylate, –ACD battery maker, 1297–1298 1692, 1693 – allergic reaction, 1305–1306 ® ® Bayo-N-Ox , 1821 Bioban CS–1135, chemical structures and – MDI, 1305 BCC (see basal cell carcinoma) references, 1758 – wood dust exposure, 1305 ® BCDMH (see 1-bromo–3-chloro–5,5- Bioban CS–1246, chemical structures and – carpentry, 1304 dimethylhydantoin) references, 1758 – chemical exposure, 1303 Index 1985

– closed method, 1303 built-up roofs (BURs), 1681–1682 tert-butyl-hydroquinone, chemical structures – IgE-mediated allergy, 1307 bulgarian rose oil, 1266 and references, 1763–1764 – marine composite, 1303 burin, 1423 butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), 1763 – open lamination method, 1304 burns butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 1763 – OSD, 1306–1307 – acid/alkali, 1951 4-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP), 290 – prepreg method, 1303–1304 – chemical (see also chemical skin burns) para-tert-butylphenol, chemical structures and – resin – battery makers, 1298 references, 1764 – acrylates, 1306 – industrial solvents, 708 p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin – epoxy vinyl ester, 1303 – laboratory technicians, 1544 (PTBP-F-R), 419, 584–588, 1689 – polyester, 1303, 1304 – oil rig workers, 1589 p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resins – polyethylene, 1304 – phenol-formaldehyde resin, 585 (PTBPFR), 1764 – polyurethane, 1304 – roofers, 1686 – rotation molding, 1304 – sulfuric acid, 1951 C – RTM, 1304 – swimming pool worker, 1702 cabinet makers – vacuum molding, 1304 – electrical, 354 – ACD and ICD Bonnevie’s pioneering work, 41–42 – mask, 1672 – bark, 1319 borreliosis, 82 – skin, 1543 – 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone, 1320 Bowdichia nitida, 828 – sugar artist, 1699 – erythema multiforme reaction, 1325 Bowen’s disease, 1080 (see also intraepidermal – sun, 1579–1580 – fire retardant and fungicides, 1319 carcinoma) – thermal, 353–354 – glues paints and lacquer, 1323, 1325 brake-lining worker BURs (see built-up roofs) – heartwood and insect, 1319 – abrasive particle, 1310 butanediol diacrylate (BUDA), 1693 – lichens and liverworts, 1319 – Anacardium occidentale, 1310 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, chemical structures – phenol, 1320 – cashew, 1310 and references, 1739 – preservatives and treatment, 1320, – chemotechnique, 1311 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, chemical 1323–1325 – contact dermatitis, 1310 structures and references, 1762 – prevention and treatment, 1326 – ICD, 1309 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, chemical – quinones, 1320 – latex, 1310 structures and references, 1739 – sapwood, 1319 – para-tertiary butylphenol-formaldehyde butchers and slaughterhouse worker – stilbenes, 1320 resin, 1310 – ACD, 1314–1315 – terpenes, 1320 – patch test, 1311 – bacterial infection, 1315–1316 – testing and methodology, – phenol-formaldehyde resin, 1310 – CU, 1315 1325–1326 – THOR, 1310 – ICD, 1313–1314 – type I and type IV allergic – urticaria, 1310 – infestation, 1316–1317 reaction, 1320 breakthrough time (BT), 1228 – mechanical trauma, 1317 – wood exposure, 1319 breloque dermatitis, 154 – PCD, 1315 – woodworking industry, 1321–1323 brominated epoxy resin, chemical structures – viral infection, 1316 cadmium, 523–524 and references, 1760–1761 – wet work, 1314 – jewelers, 1536, 1537, 1539, 1540 1-bromo–3-chloro–5,5-dimethylhydantoin butchers’ warts, 233 – metallic coatings, 693 (BCDMH) n-butyl acrylate, chemical structures and – red, 678 – chemical structures and references, 1761 references, 1739 – tattoo artists, 1709 – pool water disinfection, 1284 tert-butyl acrylate, chemical structures and caffeic acid dimethyl allylic ester, chemical 5-bromo–2-hydroxy-acetophenone (6CI, 7CI, references, 1739 structures and references, 1764–1765 8CI), 1-(5-bromo–2-hydroxyphenyl) butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), chemical Cai Lun’s crafting process, 1605 ethanone, 1761 structures and references, 1757–1758 calcaneal petechiae, 1662 bromohydroxyacetophenone, chemical butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) calcium bromide, 1589, 1590 structures and references, 1761 – biocides, 686 calcium oxide, 1590 2-bromo–2-hydroxyacetophenone,(6CI, 7CI, – chemical structures and calcium stearate, 1475 8CI), 1761 references, 1758 callosities, 1582 2-bromo–4-hydroxyacetophenone, 1- N-tert-butyl-bis-(2-benzothiazole) calluses and lichenifikation, 891 (4-hydroxyphenyl)–2-bromoethanone, 1761 sulfenamide, chemical structures and Calocedrus decurrens, 828 2-bromo–2-nitropropane–1,3-diol, 403, 404 references, 1762–1763 cameo glass, 1499 bronopol, chemical structures and references, butyl carbitol, chemical structures and campari, 1281 1761–1762 references, 1763 Candida, 242–243, 1314 Brya ebenus, 828 p-tert-butyl catechol, 587, 588 candle maker, 1327–1328 R-budesonide, 1762 p-tert-butyl catechol, chemical structures and cane reed, 1583 S-budesonide, 1762 references, 1763 capee, 1826 budesonide, chemical structures and butylene glycol, chemical structures and Captafol, chemical structures and references, 1762 references, 1764 references, 1765 Buehler test, 1137, 1148–1149 n-butyl glycidyl ether, chemical structures and Captan, chemical structures and building workers (see cement workers) references, 1763 references, 1765 1986 Index

carbamates – risk factors, 1245, 1247 Center for Disease Control and Prevention – compounds, 1516 – solar UVR, 1245, 1246 (CDC), 1917 – insecticide, 1453 caustic burn (see chemical burns) cephalexin, 1768 – pesticides and fungicides, 731 caustic cleaning substances, 1531 cephaloridine, 1768 – rubber gloves, 1925–1926 CD1, chemical structures and references, 1766 cephalosporins, chemical structures and carba mix, 1789 CD2, chemical structures and references, 1767 references, 1768–1769 carbaryl, chemical structures and CD3, chemical structures and references, 1767 cephalotin, 1768 references, 1765 CD4, chemical structures and references, ceramic and pottery workers, 1359–1360 carbide-tipped cutting tools, 1695 1767–1768 cercarial dermatitis, 1409 carbimazole, 433, 437 CD6, chemical structures and references, 1768 cerium, 1541 carbodiimide, chemical structures and CDEA (see coconut diethanolamide) CHE (see chronic hand eczema) references, 1765 CEAP (see clinical signs, etiology, anatomy, and cheese makers, 1361–1362 carbofuran, chemical structures and pathology) cheilitis, 894, 1582 references, 1766 cedarwood and sandalwood oil, 1265 cheilitis factitia, 375–376

carbon dioxide (CO2), 1077 cefaclor, 1768 chemical abstract service (CAS), 164, 919–920 carcinogenic dyes, 1718, 1719 ceftiofur sodium, 1768 chemical burns (see also chemical carcinogenicity, 1716–1718 cefuroxime, 1768 skin burns) ® cardboard, 1606 Cekuquat , 1823 – battery makers, 1298 cardols, chemical structures and cellist’s chest, 1582 – industrial solvents, 708 references, 1766 cellist’s knee, 1582 – laboratory technicians, 1544 D-3-carene, chemical structures and cello scrotum, 1582 – oil rig workers, 1589 references, 1766 cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs), 120 – phenol-formaldehyde resin, 585 carmine, 1281, 1282 cement – roofers, 1686 carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), 1263 – allergic cement eczema, 533 – sulfuric acid, 1951 carpenter – building industries, 535 – swimming pool worker, 1702 – ACD, 1338 – chromate chemical hazard, 1421, 1426–1427 – construction worker, 1337 – origin of, 531–532 chemically activated luciferase gene expression – contact urticaria, 1342 – reduction and solubility, 531 (CALUX), 341 – epoxy resin, 1337 – chromium, 529–531 chemical sensitizers, 258 – hand dermatitis, 1337 – cobalt, 506, 507, 509 chemical skin burns – hydroxyquinone, 1341 – concomitant sensitivities, 534 – clinical features – ICD, 1337 – concrete, 530 – alkalis, 107 – immediate-type hypersensitivity, 1342 – construction workers, 529, 530 – ethylene oxide, 108 – mahogany, 1342 – dermatitis, 498, 502 – fluorides, 107 – obeche, 1342 – ferrous sulfate, 531 – phenolic compound, 107–108 – phenol-formaldehyde resin, 1339 – hereditary factor, 534 – sulfur mustard, 108 – polymer use, 1339 – hydraulic cement, 530 – complications, 110 – prognosis, 1343 – irritant cement eczema, 532–533 – corrosive chemical, 103 – sawdust, 1338, 1339 – kiln system, 530, 531 – definition, 103–104 – squamous cell carcinoma, 1338 – mortar, 530 – diagnosis, 104 – timber beam, 1338 – potassium dichromate, 529 – mechanisms of, 104 – toxic vitiligo, 1341 – prevention, 535 – prevention, 110 – UV light exposure, 1338 – prophylaxis, 535–536 – treatment, 108–110 carprofen, 155 – stonemasons, 1695, 1696 chemists CAS (see chemical abstract service) – workers, 530 (see also cement workers) – ICD and ACD, 1363–1366 casein, 1361 cement eczema – occupational dermatosis, 1363 catagen, 1935–1939, 1941 – allergic, 533, 1355–1356, 1375, – skin-hazardous chemicals, 1363 caterpillars 1377–1379 chemotechnique, 1311 – contact irritants, 1455 – irritant, 532–533, 1354–1355, 1375, child daycare workers, 1369–1370 – lepidopterism, 1461–1462 1377, 1378 chloracetophenone, 1569, 1570 – skin hazard, 1453 – road construction workers, 1529 chloracne causation, skin cancer cement workers, 530 – azo and azoxybenzenes, 340 – chemicals – allergic cement eczema, 1355–1356 – benzene rings, 336 – arsenic, 1244–1245 – bricklayers, 1353, 1354 – chemical causes, 337 – carcinogenicity, 1244 – concrete workers, 1353 – chloronapthalenes, 336 – coal tar and bitumen, 1243–1244 – irritant cement eczema, 1354–1355 – dioxins, 337–339 – hydrocarbons, 1242, 1243 – mortar/concrete, 1353 – PCBs, 336 – UV exposure – prevalences, 1354, 1356 – PCNs, 339 – artificial sources, 1247 – primitive tool, 1353, 1354 – PHDFs, 340 – health risk methodology, 1245 – social prognosis, 1356 – polychlorinated naphthalenes, 339 – NMSC, 1245 – standard allergens and irritants, 1353 – polyhalogenated biphenyls, 339–340 Index 1987

– sources of chloracnegens, 337 – paper pulp manufacture, 500 – preventive measures, 367–368 – triazoloquinoxalines, 340–341 – pigments, 499 – risk factors, 364 chlorhexidine – printing, 499 – risk inventarisation, 365 – chemical structures and references, 1769 – resin hardeners, 500 – symptoms, 363 – IgE-mediated allergic reactions, 222 – soap, pigment, 500 – treatments, 364–365 chlorine dioxide – stainless steel, 499 – venous hypertension, 363 – concentration, 1611 – tire fitters, 500 CICD (see chronic irritant contact dermatitis) – irritants, 1610 – welding, 498–499 cigarette worker, 1371–1373 – pulp bleaching, 1607 – definition, 495 cigar makers worker, 1371–1373 chloroacetamide – dilution patch test method, 496, 497 cignolin, 1077 – chemical structures and references, 1769 – electroplaters, 495 cinnamal, chemical structures and – leather industry, 1552 – glucose metabolism, 501 references, 1771 chloroacetophenone, chemical structures and – hexavalent chromium detection, 500 cinnamic alcohol, 1272 references, 1769–1770 – hypersensitivity and sensitization, 1354 cinnamic aldehyde chlorocresol, chemical structures and – ICD, 496 – bakers, 1272, 1274 references, 1770 – jewelers, 1536 – chemical structures and p-chloro-m-cresol, 1552 – leather industry, 1551 references, 1771 5-chloro–1-methyl–4-nitroimidazole, chemical – malondialdehyde, 501 – NIICRs, 1974 structures and references, 1769 – metal industry, 1565 cinnamon, 277–278 Chlorophora excelsa, 829 – metallurgical industries, 498 cinnamyl alcohol, chemical structures and chlorophorin, chemical structures and – minimum elicitation threshold, 496, 497 references, 1771 references, 1770 – photosensitivity, 500 ciprofloxacin, 156 chlorothalonil – potassium dichromate, 496 citral, chemical structures and references, – chemical structures and references, 1770 – prevention, 501–502 1771–1772 – OCU and anaphylactic symptoms, 225 – prognosis, 501 citronellol, chemical structures and chlorpromazine – refractory bricks, 498 references, 1772 – ACD, 1642 – tattoo artists, 1709 citrus, 1281, 1282 – azaperone, 1753 – treatment, 502 Citrus bergamia, 154 – chemical structures and references, – trivalent chromium, 495 CLA (see cutaneous lymphocyte-associated 1770–1771 Chromobacterium violaceum, 1410 antigen) chlortetracycline, 1642 chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), 161 cleaning agents, 1597 cholinergic urticaria, 225 chronic allergic contact eczema, 34 cleansing agents, 1679 chromates chronic beryllium disease (CBD), 963 climatic factors, 1679 – battery maker, 1298 chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, 1729 clinical signs, etiology, anatomy, and pathology – hexavalent, 1480 chronic hand eczema (CHE) (CEAP), 363–366 – origin of, 531–532 – alitretinoin, 1049–1050 clinical surveillance data, 62 – reduction and solubility, 531 – azathioprine clopidol, chemical structures and chrome-tanned leather gloves, 1928 – clinical pharmacology, 1045–1046 references, 1772 chromic acid fumes, 1420 – efficacy, 1046 cloxacillin, chemical structures and chromium – mechanism of action, 1046 references, 1772 – ACD, 496 – safety, 1046 cnidarian envenomation, 1406–1407 – acid wipe sampling, 500 – cyclosporine, 1046–1047 coal tar – allergy, 530, 1376 – methotrexate, 1048–1049 – phototoxicity, 1645 – barrier creams and protective gloves, 502 – QoL, 16 – topical therapies, 1074–1075 – chemical applications, 498 – retinoids, 1032–1033 coal tar pitch (CTP), 1685 (see also pitch – chromate allergy, 496–498, 500 chronic intoxication, 330 workers) – chrome ulcers, 495–496 chronic irritant contact dermatitis (CICD) coatings – compounds, 1480 – hairdresser, 1511 – beeswax, 698 – contact exposure – noninvasive evaluation methods – classification, 691 – anticorrosion agents, 498 – human skin irritancy models (see – definition, 691 – antifreeze, 500 human skin irritancy models) – digital printing, 697 – bleaches and detergents, 499–500 – LDF, 1121 – gum arabic, 697 – cement, 498 – skin color/erythema, 1121–1122 – inkjet printing, 697 – chrome plating, 499 – skin hydration, 1122 – lanolin, 698 – cutting fluids, 500 – TEWL, 1120–1121 – metallic – food laboratories, 500 – visual scoring, 1120 – acids and arsenic, 692 – galvanizing, 499 – predictive testing, 1129–1130 – allergic lesions, 692 – leather, 499 chronic paronychia, 1641 – aluminum and antimony, 692 – machine oils, 500 chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) – brass and bronzes, 693 – magnetic tapes, 500 – epidemiology, 363–364 – cadmium and chromium, 693 – milk testers, 500 – and occupation, 365–367 – gold (aurum), 693–694 1988 Index

– nickel, 694–696 – modified bitumen roofs, 1683 – inflammatory cytokines, 1159 – objectives, 692 – photovoltaic roofs, 1683–1684 – Nrf2-keap1-antioxident response – offset printing, 697 – single ply roofs, 1682 element (ARE), 1158–1159 – paint, 696–697 – thermoplastic roofs, 1682 – T cell assays – plastic, 696 – thermoset membrane roofs, 1682 – ACD, 1162, 1164 – rotogravure printing, 697 – vegetative roofs, 1683 – anti-cytokine chimeric reagents, 1165 – screen printing, 697 common warts, 1580 – 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, 1164 – uses, 691 community-acquired methicillin-resistant – hapten, 1164–1165 cobalt Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA), 1665 – LC/MS analysis, 1164 – cobalt-containing alloys, 505 concrete – MHC/peptide complex, 1162 – cobalt release, 508 – building factory, 1375 – primary cell, 1163 – contact allergy, 506, 507 – cement, 530, 1353 – sens-it-iv, 1164 – hardmetal, 505 – element repair, 1375, 1376 – 2,4,6-trinitro-benzenesulfonic acid, – jewelers, 1536–1541 – stonemasons, 1695, 1696 1163, 1164 – metal industry, 1565 confectionery and candy makers – testing, 1849–1893 – naphthenate, chemical structures and – bulk ingredients, 1329–1330 – validation, 1156 references, 1772–1773 – candy bars, 1331 contact allergy – occupational contact dermatitis, 506–507 – chewing gums, 1331–1332 – aromatherapy treatment, 1266 – patch test, 508 – chocolate, 1330–1331 – cobalt, 506 – prevention, 508–509 – epi-derm, 1329 – data, 61–63 – skin exposure assessment, 508 – food colorings, 1329–1330 – essential oils, 1266 – skin sensitizing, 506 – irritants, 1332 – gold, 512–513 – spot test, 507–508 – latex-free gloves, 1331 contact dermatitis – tattoo artists, 1709 – Malassezia species, 1332 – bath attendants, 1286 – uses, 505–506 – milk crumb, 1330 – epoxy-resin, 1445–1446 cocamide DEA, 1773 – OCD, 1329 – hard metal, 1504–1505 cocamidopropyl betaine – Salmonella typhimurium, 1330 – health-care professionals – chemical structures and references, 1773 – skin reactions, 1329 – barrier creams, 1186–1187 – dimethylaminopropylamine, 1785 – standard allergens, 1332–1333 – contamination, 1190 – hairdressers, 1514 – type-I immunological response, 1329 – emollients, 1186–1187 cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, chemical construction materials, 1695 – gloves, 1187–1190 structures and references, 1773 construction workers (see also cement workers) – Hevea braziliensis, 1189 coccidiosis, 1751, 1772 – epidemiology – hydration dermatitis, 1189 coconut diethanolamide (CDEA) – ACD, 1377 – IVDK, 1189, 1190 – chemical structures and references, – allergens, 1375 – vulcanization accelerator, 1189 1773–1774 – concrete building factory, 1375 – rubber chemical, 1406 – surface-active agent, 540 – concrete element repair, 1375, 1376 – silk-screen workers, 1693 codeine, chemical structures and – irritants, 1375 contact exposure, chromium references, 1774 – manually vibrated mold, 1375, 1376 – anticorrosion agents, 498 colchicine, 277 – patch-test, 1375 – antifreeze, 500 cold urticaria, 225 – prevalence and incidence, 1375–1377 – bleaches and detergents, 499–500 cold/wet conditions, 1455, 1468 – socioeconomic aspects – cement, 498 colophonium, 472, 473 – medical course, 1378 – chrome plating, 499 colophony (rosin) (see also rosin) – social course, 1378–1379 – cutting fluids, 500 – ACD, 683, 697, 719 contact allergen bank Australia (CABA), 900 – food laboratories, 500 – adhesives and glues, 656 contact allergens – galvanizing, 499 – forestry workers, 1455 – dendritic cell-based assays – leather, 499 – furniture manufacture, 1486, 1487 – biomarker, sensitization assays, 1160 – machine oils, 500 – glass, 1500, 1501 – cell lines, 1160–1161 – magnetic tapes, 500 – hard metals, 1504, 1505 – cell lines vs. primary blood, 1160 – milk testers, 500 – healthcare worker, 1520 – DC maturation assays, 1160–1161 – paper pulp manufacture, 500 – musicians, 1582 – DC migration assays, 1161–1163 – pigments, 499 – shoe manufacturers and repairers, 1689 – DC signatures, 1161, 1162 – printing, 499 color developing agents, 1636 – epidermal cytokine, 1159–1160 – resin hardeners, 500 combined estimator of relative risk – sensitizer, 1161–1163 – soap, pigment, 500 (CERR), 305 – in vitro sensitization model, 1156, 1157 – stainless steel, 499 commercially available allergens, 1849–1891 – keratinocyte-based assays – tire fitters, 500 commercial roofs – chemicals and kerotincyte – welding, 498–499 – built-up roofs, 1681–1682 metabolism, 1158 contact urticaria (CU) – cool roofs, 1683 – epidermal equivalent potency assay, – airborne contact dermatitis, 181, 182 – galvanized/corrugated metal roofs, 1683 1156–1158 – animal allergy, 820, 822 Index 1989

– animal proteins, 819 – metallic coatings, 693 cutaneous radiation injury (CRI) syndrome, – bakers, 1273–1274 – nickel alloy, 485–486 885–887 – boat builders, 1305, 1306 – PCB fabrication, 667, 1414 cutaneous radiation syndrome, 270 – bronzes, 693 – skin burns, 109 cutting fluids – butchers and slaughterhouse worker, 1315 – swimming pool worker dermatoses, – anaerobic/aerobic conditions, 717–718 – carpenter, 1342 1702–1704 – classification – causative agents, 1366 Cordia gerascanthus, 829 – neat oils, 715–716 – chemicals causing, 218, 219 core makers, 1475 – soluble oils, 716 – clinical features, 217–218 core oven handlers, 1475 – soluble (emulsifiable) oils, 716–717 – cobalt, 1504 corneoxenometry, 998 – functions, 715, 716 – colophony (rosin), 697 cortex, 1935 – machining operation, 715, 716 – copper (cuprum), 693 corticosteroids – skin problems – drug allergens, 428 – mechanism of action, 1036–1038 – ACD (see allergic contact dermatitis) – embalmers, 1421–1422 – pharmacology and biochemistry, – epidemiology, 722 – epoxy resins, 573–574 1035–1036 – ICD, 719 – flour, 1331 – topical corticosteroids – MWF, 722 – food industry and catering, 223–224 – adverse events by treatment, – patch testing, 722 – fragrances, 458 1040–1041 – patchy eczema, 718 – glass, 1500 – classification and efficacy, 1037–1039 – prevention, 722–723 – hairdressers, 223 – indication for, occupational – prognosis, 724 – HCW, 1523–1524 dermatology, 1038–1039 CVI (see chronic venous insufficiency) – healthcare workers, 221–222, 1523–1524 – systemic corticosteroid treatment, cyanoacrylates – immunological, 181, 218, 387 1041–1042 – chemical structures and references, – industry workers, 222–223 – systemic side effects, 1041, 1042 1739–1740 – jobs contact with plants and woods, – therapeutic recommendations, – chemical structures and uses, 545–546 224–225 1039–1040 – glues, 656 – laboratory technicians, 1547–1548 Corynebacterium minutissimum, 1667 – skin surface stripping, 995–996 – laboratory workers and veterinarians, 223 cosmetic allergens, 1422 cyanoacrylic acid, chemical structures and – latex, 1310 cosmetic industries references, 1739–1740 – methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 599 – occupation-induced allergic cyclic acid anhydrides, 222, 956–957 – nonimmunological (see reactions, 1622 cyclohexanone, chemical structures and nonimmunological contact urticaria) – skin reactions types, 1621–1622 references, 1775 – occupational (see occupational contact cosmetologists 2-cyclohexen–1-one, chemical structures and urticaria) – hairdressers, 1385, 1386 (see also references, 1775 – PEG, 616 hairdresser/barber) N-cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulfenamide – phenol-formaldehyde resin, 585 – manicurists (see manicurists) (CBS), 1929 – physiopathology, 218 costunolide N-cyclohexyl–2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, – plants and derivatives inducers, 219, 222 – alantolactone, 1746 chemical structures and references, 1775 – poultry processors, 1641 – chemical structures and N-cyclohexyl-N-phenyl-P-phenylenediamine, – prick and intracutaneous and IgE references, 1774 chemical structures and references, testing, 943 costus oil, 1774 1775–1776 – PVC, 1944 cowpox, 233 N-cyclohexyl-thiophthalimide, chemical – rubber, 734 craftsmen, 1679 structures and references, 1776 – swimming pool worker, 1703 crescendo phenomenon, 89 cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin – vegetables and fruit, 814–815 cresyl glycidyl ether, chemical structures and (CTC), 270 – vegetal and animal proteins, 219–221 references, 1774–1775 cyclosporine – veterinarians, 1724 CRI syndrome (see cutaneous radiation injury – clinical pharmacology, 1047 – winemakers, 1732 syndrome) – efficacy, 1047 – wood dust (sawdust), 953, 1484 cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants – mechanism of action, 1047 contact urticaria syndrome (CUS), 217, (CCDs), 947 – safety, 1047 218, 1973 crude coal tar, 1643 cymene, chemical structures and coolants, 1679 crude oil, 1588 references, 1776 cool roofs, 1683 – military personnel, 1568 cymol, 1776 copper, 524 – NAFs, 1587 cymoxanil, chemical structures and – beryllium, 523 – white spirit, 1592 references, 1776 – gold, 511–512 CU (see contact urticaria) cypermethrin, 1831 – hair color, 281 cumulative and chronic ICD, 90–91 cysteamin, 1514 – inorganic and organometal pesticides, CUS (see contact urticaria syndrome) 778–779 cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 163 D – jewelers, 1536, 1537, 1539–1541 cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen Dalbergia nigra, 1337 – metal industry, 1565 (CLA), 203, 349 Dalbergia spp., 1320 1990 Index

dapsone, 156 – diagnostic criteria, 377, 378 – nonionic agents, 851 dark-room work, 1635 – impairment of impulse control, 373, – synthetic, 848 DAS (see dermatitis artefacta syndrome) 374, 377 – washing and cleaning processes, 847 dazomet, chemical structures and references, – morsicatio buccarum, 375 – workers 1776–1777 – onychophagia, 376 – agglomeration, 1399 DBTU (see dibutylthiourea) – onychotemnomania, 376 – bar soap, 1399 D-citronellol, 1772 – onychotillomania, 376 – contact irritants and allergens, 1402 DDM (see diaminodiphenylmethane) – pseudo-knuckle pads, 376 – continuous and batch process, 1399 DDT (see dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) – psychiatric symptoms, 374–375 – hand dish washing agent, 1399 decompression chamber therapy, 1411 – skin-picking syndrome, 374, 375 – household cleaner, 1399–1402 decrescendo phenomenon, 88 – therapy, 380–381 – immediate/delayed type DEET (see diethyltoluamide) – trichoteiromania, 377 sensitization, 1402 7-dehydrocholesterol, 148 – trichotemnomania, 377 – protective clothes, 1402 dehydrocostunolide, 1774 – trichotillomania, 376–377 – skin exposure, 1402 dehydrocostuslactone dermatohistopathology – spray drying, 1399 – alantolactone, 1746 – acne and chloracne, 985 – vacuum spray process, 1399 – chemical structures and references, 1777 – allergic contact dermatitis, 983–984 DGEBA (see diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) delayed post-acute traumatic deformities, – artifacts, 988 diallyl disulfide, chemical structures and 256, 257 – autoimmune diseases, 986 references, 1777–1778 delayed pressure urticaria, 225 – granulomatous reactions, 986 diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) delayed-type sensitivity testing, 961–963 – irritant contact dermatitis, 984–985 – chemical structures and references, 1778 De morbis artificum diatriba, 38, 39 – lambing ears, 987–988 – furniture manufacture, 1486, 1488 dental – neoplastic diseases, 987 – silk-screen workers, 1693 – acrylates, 550–551 – photosensitivity, 985 diamino diphenyl sulphone (DDS), 1258 – amalgam, 524 – physical and mechanical agents, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, chemical – composite resins, 546 986–987 structures and references, 1778 – personnel – pigmentary disturbances, 985–986 diazodiethylaniline chloride, chemical – ACD (see allergic contact dermatitis) – urticaria, 986 structures and references, 1778–1779 – ICD, 1389–1390 dermatology life quality index (DLQI), 13 diazo/dyeline process, 1616 – infection risk, 1396 Dermatophagoides sp., 1641 diazolidinyl urea – prevention, 1396 dermatophytes, 1548 – chemical structures and references, 1779 – skin affection, 1389, 1390 dermatopolymyositis, 320–321 – cosmetic products, 404 – technicians, 550 DETA (see di-ethylene triamine) dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) deoxidizers, 1535 detergent – chemical structures and references, 1779 deoxylapachol, chemical structures and – florists, 1447 – glove allergy, 1929 references, 1777 – house workers, 1531 dibucaine (hydrochloride), chemical structures deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 72 – laundry detergents and references, 1779 depigmentation, 1638 – colored fabrics, 851–852 dibutyl phthalate Dermanyssus gallinae, 1641 – composition, 852, 853 – chemical structures and references, dermatitis artefacta – heavy-duty/general purpose, 851 1779–1780 – DAS (see dermatitis artefacta syndrome) – light-duty detergents, 851 – leather industry, 1553 – DPS (see dermatitis paraartefacta – preparations, 852 dibutylthiourea (DBTU) syndrome) – surface tension, 851 – chemical structures and – factitious disorders, 371 – wool and silk, 852 references, 1780 – gardner-diamond syndrome, 378–379 – masseurs, 1561 – paint and varnish removers, 686 – genesis, 371, 372 – military personnel, 1570 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) – malingering, 377–378, 381 – personal cleansing, 853–854 – chemical structures and references, 1777 –Mu¨nchhausen-by-proxy syndrome, 379 – skin-related side effects – hair loss, pesticides, 276–277 –Mu¨nchhausen syndrome, 379 – allergic reactions, 855 1,3-dichloropropene, chemical structures and – prevalence/incidence, 371 – enzymes, 855–856 references, 1780 – prognosis, 381 – preservatives, 855 dichlorvos, chemical structures and references, – psychopharmacotherapy, 381 – skin irritation, 854–855 1780–1781 – self inflicted skin diseases, 371, 372 – soaps, 847–848 N,N-dicyclohexyl–2-benzothiazole dermatitis artefacta syndrome (DAS) – surfactants sulfenamide, chemical structures and – differential diagnosis, 373, 374 – amphiphilic molecules, 848 references, 1781 – psychiatric symptoms, 372–373 – amphoteric surfactants, 850–851 dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, chemical structures – therapy, 379–380 – anionic agents, 849–850 and references, 1781 dermatitis electrogenica chronica, 1729 – applications, 851 didecyldimethylammonium chloride, chemical dermatitis paraartefacta syndrome (DPS) – cationic agents, 850 structures and references, 1781 – acne excorie´e, 375 – hydrophilic and lipophilic diethanolamine, chemical structures and – cheilitis factitia, 375–376 property, 848 references, 1781–1782 Index 1991 diethyleneglycol diacrylate, chemical structures 2,4-dimethylol phenol, chemical structures and – formaldehyde, 392–393 and references, 1740 references, 1786 – glutaraldehyde, 393 diethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether, chemical 2,6-dimethylol phenol, chemical structures and – glyoxal, 393 structures and references, 1782 references, 1786–1787 disperse blue 106, chemical structures and di-ethylene triamine (DETA), 1592, 1593 dimethyl phthalate, chemical structures and references, 1790–1791 diethylenetriamine, chemical structures and references, 1785 disperse blue 124, chemical structures and references, 1782 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro–1,3,5(2h)thiadiazine– references, 1791 diethylphthalate, chemical structures and 2-thione (DMTT), 1776–1777 disperse dyes references, 1782 dimethylthiocarbamide, 1787 – chemical structures and references, 1791 diethylthiourea, chemical structures and dimethylthiourea, chemical structures and – textile workers, 1711, 1712 references, 1782 references, 1787 disperse orange 3 diethyltoluamide (DEET), 277, 788 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), chemical – chemical structures and references, 1791 diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) structures and references, 1787 – leather industry, 1552 – ACD, 569–571 dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), chemical disperse yellow 3, chemical structures and – aircraft industry, 1257 structures and references, 1787 references, 1791–1792 – bis-GMA-borne dental materials, 573 dinitromide, 1642 disposable medical gloves, 1228 – epoxy surface coatings, 566 2,4-dinitrotoluene, chemical structures and Distemonanthus benthamianus, 831 – glass fibers, 566 references, 1788 disulfiram, 433, 437 – molecular weight, 559 Diospyros melanoxylon, 831 dithianone, chemical structures and – polyamine bearing hardeners, 561 dioxin, 1568 references, 1792 – reactive diluents, 572 dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide, chemical divers o,o-diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F, 1760 structures and references, 1788 – aquatic sports-related lesion, 1405 o,p-diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F, 1760 dipentamethylenethiuram hexasulfide, – barotrauma, 1405 p,p-diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F, 1760 chemical structures and references, 1788 – cnidarian envenomation, 1406–1407 4,4-dihydroxy-(hydroxyethyl)- dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide, – CU, 1405 diphenylmethanes, 1310 chemical structures and references, 1788 – decompression skin sickness, 1411 diisocyanate, 956 dipentene, chemical structures and references, – dogger bank itch, 1408 diisopropylbenzothiazyl–2-sulfenamide, 1788–1789 – fire coral and sponge, 1408 chemical structures and references, 1783 diphencyprone, chemical structures and – hypersensitivity reaction, 1405 diisopropyl carbodiimide, chemical structures references, 1789 – nematocyst, 1407 and references, 1783 diphenyl carbazide spot test, 499 – patch test, 1406 2,5-dimercapto–1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMTD), 1,3-diphenylguanidine, chemical structures – primary infection chemical structures and references, 1783 and references, 1789–1790 – cercarial dermatitis, 1409 dimethoate, chemical structures and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (DMDI), – sea bather’s eruption, 1409 references, 1783 591–596, 1553, 1778 – protothecosis, 1410 dimethoxane, 1737 4,40-diphenylmethane-diisocyanate, chemical – scombroid fish and ciguatera, 1405 dimethoxon, chemical structures and structures and references, 1790 – seaweed dermatitis, 1408–1409 references, 1783–1784 N,N0-diphenyl–4-phenylenediamine (DPPD), – secondary infection 2,6-dimethoxy–1,4-benzoquinone, chemical chemical structures and references, 1789 – aquatic bacteria, 1407 structures and references, 1784 diphenylthiourea, chemical structures and – erysipeloid of Rosenbach, 1409 (R)–3,4-dimethoxy-dalbergione, chemical references, 1790 – fish handler’s disease, 1409 structures and references, 1784 diphoteriner, 1953 – methoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 1410 (S)–4,40-dimethoxy dalbergione, chemical dipping technique, 1328 – seal finger, 1409 ® structures and references, 1784 Dipril , 1823 – speck finger, 1409 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone, 1320 direct dyes, 1711 – skin problem, 1411 5,8-dimethoxypsoralen, chemical structures disbudding, 1493 – sponge dermatitis, 1408 and references, 1784–1785 disinfectants – swimmer’s itch, 1405 3-dimethylaminopropylamine – allergic contact dermatitis, 387 – systemic/toxic reaction, 1407 – chemical structures and references, 1785 – anaphylactic reactions, 387 – wounds, 1405 – cocamidopropyl betaine, 1773 – definition, 386 D-limonene, 1281, 1282, 1789, 1807 dimethyldiphenylthiuram disulfide, chemical – house workers, 1531 DMDI (see diphenylmethane diisocyanate) structures and references, 1785 – immunological contact urticaria, 387 DMF (see dimethylfumarate) dimethylformamide, chemical structures and – irritant reactions, 386 dodecyl gallate, chemical structures and references, 1786 – operating room staff, 1598 references, 1792 dimethylfumarate (DMF) – repertoire dodecyl mercaptan, 1689 – chemical structures and references, 1786 – alcohols and chlorines, 392 dogger bank itch, 1408 – furniture manufacture, 1486, – benzalkonium chloride, 393 DPCF (see Durable press chemical finish; 1488, 1489 – cetalkonium chloride, 393 durable press chemical finish) – leather industry, 1552 – cetrimide, 393 DPS (see dermatitis paraartefacta syndrome) dimethylglyoxime test, 487 – dequalinium chloride, 393 drain cleaner, 1951 dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea, 409 – Eau De Javel liquid bleach, 392 draining, 1653 1992 Index

Draize test, 1135–1136, 1140 – fiber-reactive dyes, 640 – gold and silver, 1419 drilling fluids – skin metabolism, 638 – irritants, 1420 – irritation and sensitization components, – vat dyes, 640 – nickel and tin, 1419 1595–1596 – triphenylmethane, 1073, 1074 – standard allergens, 1420 – unusual reactions, 1592–1593 dyschromia, 152 electrosensitivity, 1918 – WBFs and NAFs, 1586–1587 dyshidrotic eczema area and severity index electrosmog, 1918 drilling mud, 1586, 1591–1593 (DASI), 185 ELISpot technique, 962 drinking glass, 1281, 1282 EMA (see ethyl methacrylate) drug allergens E embalmer, 1421–1422 – additives, 428, 433 ebony, 831 embalming fluid, 1422 – analgesics, 433 econazole, 1769 emollients – anaphylaxis, 428 eczema, 1110 – adverse effects and contraindication, 1220 – anesthetics, 434 effector phase – barrier function, 1219 – antacids, 434 – downregulatory processes, 132–133 – definition, 1218 – antiasthmatic drugs, 434 – early phase reactivity, 130–131 – efficacy, 1219–1220 – antibiotics, 434 – effector T-cell phenotypes, 131–132 – on experimentally damaged skin, – anti-infectious agents, 434–435 – elicitation, 114, 127–129 1056–1057 – asthma, 428 – irritant properties, 129–130 – hand eczema, 1057 – baboon syndrome, 428 – T-cell patrol and infiltrate specificity, 131 – ingredients – cardiovascular agents, 435 effluvium, 1935–1939, 1941 – biocides, 1055 – central nervous system drug, 435–436 EGDMA (see ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) – humectants, 1055, 1218 – clinical manifestation, 427–428 EGFR (see epidermal growth factor receptor) – physiological and nonphysiological – contact urticaria, 428 elasticity measurement, 1910 lipids, 1054–1055 – herbal products, 436 elecampane, 1746 – UVA and UVB sunscreen filters, 1055 – immediate-type skin symptoms, 438 electronics industry – water, 1055 – immune modulators, 436 – cutaneous hazards and skin disorder, – mechanism, 1219 – intermediates, 436 668–669 – mild cleansers, 1220–1221 – medications, 427 – definition, 661 – on normal skin, 1055–1056 – metabolites, 427 – hazards – occupational contact dermatitis, – miscellaneous drugs, 437 – acrylates and anaerobic sealants, 1053, 1055 – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory 671–672 – skin barrier function drugs, 433 – epoxy resins, 671 – cholesterol and ceramide, 1053, 1054 – occupational allergy, 428 – fiberglass, 670 – methods for assessment, 1054 – occupational contact dermatitis, 428–433 – metals, 671 – stratum corneum, water content, – oral administration, 427 – oils and coolants, 670 1053–1054 – rhinoconjunctivitis, 428 – soldering flux, 670 – TEWL, 1219 – tuberculostatics, 434 – solvents, 670 – water-in-oil/oil-in-water, 1218 – vasoactive drugs, 435 – microelectronic devices, 662 emulsifiers, 1561 – veterinary drugs, 437 – PCB fabrication and assembly, 668 engravers, 1423–1424, 1695–1696 – vitamins, 437 – semiconductor device fabrication environmental contact dermatitis, 1570 drug hypersensitivity, 963 – chip design, 662–663 epichlorohydrin dry and wet battery, 1297 – chip manufacture, 662 – bisphenol A, 572–573 dry desquamation, 271 – crystal purification and growth, 663 – chemical structures and references, durable press chemical finish (DPCF) – doping, 665–667 1792–1793 – contact allergy, 409 – epitaxy and photolithography, – oxprenolol, 1822 – occupational contact dermatitis, 409–410 664–665 epidemiological analyses, 45, 48 – positive reactions, relevance, 409 – GaAs, 663–664 EPIDERM, 669, 671, 1298 dust mite allergens, 181–182 – integrated circuits, 662 epidermal barrier dyes – metallization and – allergic and irritant dermatitis – aniline, 1073 interconnections, 667 – exposure dose and hypersensitivity, 6 – food, 640 – packaging/encapsulation, 667 – mechanism, 5 – hair, 638 – single discrete devices, 662 – sensitization and irritation, 6–7 – PPDA, 1480 – wafer preparation, 663 – type I reaction, 5–6 – remnants, 1481 electronics worker – type IV reaction, 6 – textile – hazardous cutaneous exposure, 1414–1415 – function, 206 – anthraquinone dyes, 639 – metal and plastic parts, 1415 – structure and biochemistry, 3–5 – azo, 639–640 – printed circuit board, 1414–1416 epidermal carcinogenesis, 894–895 – basic dyes, 640 – semiconductor wafer, 1413–1414 epidermal growth factor (EGF), 344 – direct, 640 electroplater epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), – dye-fixing and dye-coupling – bronze and cadmium, 1419 281, 336 agents, 640 – chromium and copper, 1419 epidermal necrolysis, 616 Index 1993 epiphytes, 1465 erysipeloid, 79–80, 1316 ethylenediamine epoxy Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae, 1316 – ACD, 1520 – (meth)acrylates, 568–570 Erysipelothrix insidiosa (Erysipeloid), 1641 – aminophylline, 1750 – resin (see epoxy resins) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 1409 – chemical structures and references, – series, 1445 erythema ab igne, 354–355 1794–1795 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium erythema measurement, 1913, 1914 N-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-ethylenediamine, chloride (EPTMAC), chemical structures erythema-multiforme-like reaction chemical structures and references, 1843 and references, 1793 – clinical feature, 295 ethylene glycol acrylate, 1742 epoxy resins – histology, 295–296 ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) – ACD (see allergic contact dermatitis) – industrial chemical, 296–297 – chemical structures and references, – bis-GMA, 1692, 1693 – laboratory chemicals, 296 1740–1741 – bisphenol A type – metals and chemicals, 296 – dental personnel, 1391, 1394, 1395 – chemical structures and – woods and plants, 296 – gels, 1384 references, 1793 erythermalgia, 355 – silk-screen workers, 1692 – cresyl glycidyl ether, 1774 erythrasma, 1667 ethylene oxide (ETO) – diethylenetriamine, 1782 eschars, 1952 – chemical structures and references, 1794 – epichlorhydrin, 1792 essential oils – gloves, 1924 – phenyl glycidyl ether, 1825 – allergic contact dermatitis, 458–462 ethylenethiourea, chemical structures and – chemical dermatitis prevention, 576 – aromatherapy, 458 references, 1795 – chemical names and CAS numbers, – immediate contact reactions, 462 ethylene urea, melamine/form-aldehyde resin 560, 561 – irritant dermatitis, 462 (EUMF), 409, 410 – chemistry and property – lavender oil, 458 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), chemical – contact allergy, 565 – melaleuca alternifolia, 458 structures and references, 1741 – DGEBA, 559–560 – occupational contact dermatitis, 462 ethyl methacrylate (EMA) – epoxy di(meth)acrylates, 563 – photosensitivity reaction, 462 – chemical structures and references, 1741 – organic acid anhydride hardeners, – steam distillation, 458 – dental personnel, 1391, 1395 561, 565, 567 – tea tree oil, 458 4-ethyl-pyridine, chemical structures and – polyamine hardener, 560–561, etching, 1423 references, 1794 565, 567 ethanol, 1733, 1793–1794 ETO (see ethylene oxide) – reactive diluents, 560, 563, 564 ethical framework etraglycidyl–4,4’-methylene dianiline – contact dermatitis, 1445–1446 – autonomy and beneficence, 31 (TGMDA), 1258 – CU, 573–574 – bioethical cases, 28 etretinate, 1031 – DDM, 1693 – business, 27–28 eugenol, chemical structures and references, – floorings, 1443–1446 – chromium content, 34 1795 – furniture manufacture, 1483, – chronic allergic contact eczema, 34 EUMF (see ethylene urea, melamine/form- 1486, 1488 – construction industry, 34 aldehyde resin) – glass, 1500 – genetic predisposition, 31 European Candle Association (ECA), 1327 – and hardener, 1414 – health profession, 27–28 European directive 86/609/EEC, 1155 – ICD, 574 – human dignity and rights, 28–30 European Environmental and Contact – oil rig workers, 1589, 1592, 1593 – ICOH code, 30, 33 Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG), 1311 – skin disorders, epoxy chemicals, 575 – law effectiveness, 28 European Standard (EN), 1226 – skin testing and chemical investigations, – loyalty conflicts, 27–28 European Surveillance System of Contact 575–576 – nature and resolution, 27 Allergies (ESSCA), 919 ® – use – nonmaleficence, 31 Euxyl K 100, 1815 ® – casting resins, 566 – OHP, 31 Euxyl K 400, chemical structures and – catalyst-curing agents, 566 – privacy, 33 references, 1795–1796 – DGEBA, 566 – professional ethics, 27 Evernia furfuracea (tree moss), 448 – epoxy (meth)acrylates, 568–570 – safety and health policy, 32 Evernia prunastri (oak moss), 447, 448, 457, 458 – EPTMAC, 569 – social value, 27 exotic woods, 1583 – glass fibers, 566 – society, 27–28 explosives, 1575 – insulate/encapsulate, 565 ethosomes, 750 exsiccation eczematid ICD, 92 – molding compounds, 567 ethoxyquin, chemical structures and extrinsic atopic dermatitis, 202 – powder paints, 565 references, 1793 – TGIC, 561, 567 ethyl acrylate, chemical structures and F – wind turbines, 566 references, 1740 fabric, 1485, 1488 epoxy resin system (ERS) ethyl alcohol, chemical structures and factitious disorders, 371 – aircraft industry, 1258 references, 1793–1794 false-negative patch test reaction, 188 – stonemasons, 1695 ethylbutylthiourea, chemical structures and farmer and farmworker ergonomic hazard, 1294, 1421 references, 1794 – ACD, 1427, 1428 Erlangen atopy score, 204–206 ethyl cyanoacrylate, chemical structures and – agriculture, 1425 ERS (see epoxy resin system) references, 1740 – biological hazard, 1426–1428 1994 Index

– chemical hazard, 1426–1427 florists – characteristics, 397 – complex and variable exposure, 1426 – allergens, 1447–1449 – chemical structures and references, 1797 – CU, 1427, 1436, 1438 – irritants, 1447 – contact allergens, 1485 – environment work, 1426, 1428, 1433 – type–1 antigens, 1447 – disinfectant, 397 – geophilic and zoophilic pathogen, 1425 flour immediate-type allergy, 1274 – DPCF ® – ICD, 1427 fluazinam, chemical structures and – bioban , 409 – live biohazard, 1426, 1428 references, 1796 – occupational contact dermatitis, – occupational allergens, 1427, 1428 fluorescence life-time imaging (FLIM), 1216 409–410 – occupational risk, 1433, 1436 fluorescence technique, 1212, 1213 – positive reactions, relevance, 409 – phototoxic dermatitis, 1428, 1435 fluorquinolones, 156 – urea-formaldehyde resin, 408 – primary prevention, 1436–1439 flutist’s chin, 1582 – formaldehyde-releaser (see – secondary prevention, 1439–1440 folliculitis formaldehyde-releaser) – tertiary prevention, 1440 – athletes, 1666 – fur farming, 1479, 1480 fat-soluble dye, 1327 – roofers, 1686 – hairdresser, 1514 FDA (see Food and Drug Administration) folpet, chemical structures and references, – leather industry, 1551, 1552 fenvalerate 1796–1797 – MWF ® – chemical structures and references, 1796 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), – bioban , 406–407 – pyrethroids, 1831 164, 1382 – occupational contact dermatitis, 408 fiberglass food contact hypersensitivity syndrome – positive reactions, relevance, – curtains, 421 (FCHS), 1960 407–408 – dermatitis, 177 food processing industry, 1314 – risk factor, 408 – dusts food workers – negative patch test reactions, 1488 – ACD, 418–419 –ACD – pathological specimens, 1597 – airborne contact dermatitis, 419 – bakers, 1198, 1199 – poultry processors, 1641 – atopic dermatitis, 419–420 – glutaraldehyde, 1198 – preservative, 397, 402 – clothing purpura, 421 – IVDK, 1198 – qualitative and quantitative tests, 401 – dermatitis, 415, 421, 424, 425 – patch test, 1198–1199 – shoe manufacturers and repairers, 1689 – glass filament, 415, 416, 423 – risk factor, 1199 – toxicological properties, 401 – hardening, 423–424 – individual prevention measures – volatile sensitizing agent, 1488 – histopathology, 424 – moisturizers, 1200 formaldehyde-releaser, 398–401 – ICD, 417–418 – protective creams, 1199–1200 – antimicrobial activity, 402 – man-made vitreous fiber, 415–416 – protective gels, 1199–1200 – cosmetics, 402, 407 – mesothelioma, 422, 423 – protective gloves, 1199 – contact allergy, 402, 404 – prevention, 424–425 – irritant hand dermatitis, 1197–1198 – occupational contact dermatitis, 404 – production, 416–417 – occupational hand dermatitis, 1197 – positive reactions, relevance, 404 – proximal alveoli, 422 – primary and secondary prevention – risk for patients, 404, 407 – resins, 415, 417 – industry efficacy, 1201–1202 – frequency of sensitization, 402, 403 – scabies, 420, 421 – skin protection measures, 1200–1201 – methenamine, 410 – skin lesions, 420 forestry worker – N-methylolchloracetamide, 410–411 – standardized mortality ratio, 422 – accidents, 1452 – pseudo-cross-allergy, 402 – time since first employment, 422 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1462–1463 – quaternium–15, 410 – treatment, 424 – arthropod bites, 1455–1456 – uses and applications, 402, 405–406 – uses, 415, 416 – BCC and SCC, 1455 formalin, 1479, 1480 fibrin tissue glues, 656 – contact allergens, 1455 foundry workers, 1475–1476 fiddler’s neck, 1581, 1582 – contact irritants, 1455 fragrance, 1610 filaggrin – employment, 1452 – allergens, 450–455 – cornified envelope proteins, 202 – fallers, 1452 – allergy – loss-of-function, 96 – forest types, 1451 – essential oils, 1266 fillers, 1603 – hand-arm vibration syndrome, 1469 – false-negative reactions, 447 fingernail fragility, 256, 257 – hymenoptera hypersensitivity, 1460–1461 – irritant reactions, 447 fingerweb dermatitis, 1493, 1494 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1462 – mixes and indicators, 446, 447 fish stings and wounds – lepidopterism, 1461–1462 – patch test, 447–449 – aquagenic pruritus, 1411 – occupational dermatitis, 1453–1454 – cinnamal, 447, 448 – aquagenic urticaria, 1411 – phytophotodermatitis, 1464–1465 – clinical significance, 448–450 – barracudas and moray eels, 1410 – temperature and weather – contact allergy, 446 – echinoderm injuries, 1410–1411 conditions, 1454 – contact urticaria, 458 – sting ray, 1410 – tick-borne diseases, 1456–1461 – depigmented airborne contact fish tank granuloma, 238–239 – woodcutter’s dermatitis, 1465–1469 dermatitis, 458 fistula pilosa, 1278 formaldehyde – erythema multiforme-like contact flexural eczema, 203–206 – applications and products, 397, 401 dermatitis, 458 ® floor layers, 1443–1446 – bioban , 401–402 – Evernia furfuracea (tree moss), 448 Index 1995

– Evernia prunastri (oak moss), 447, 448, – folpet, 785 – fingerweb dermatitis, Asteraceae, 457, 458 – forestry workers, 1453, 1455 1493, 1494 – farnesol, 447, 448 – furniture manufacture, 1487 – pesticides, 1494 – fragranced products, 446 – hairdresser, 1516 – poison ivy, 1492–1493 – hydroxycitronellal, 444, 447 – mancozeb, 786 – insect bites and stings, 1491 – irritant dermatitis, 457 – maneb, 785 – irritants, 1491, 1492, 1494 – isoeugenol, 444, 447, 448 – octhilinone, 787 – lupus erythematosus, 1491 – limonene, 444, 448 – PCNB, 785 – phototoxins, 1494 – linalool, 448 – photographers and photo-lab – Heracleum sphondylium, 1491, 1493 ® – Lyral , 444, 447 workers, 1639 – streaky photosensitization, Ruta – mix, 1610, 1795, 1798, 1803 – TCPN, 1320, 1323, 1325 graveolens, 1491, 1492 – occupational contact dermatitis, 450, – thiophanate-methyl, 784 – string trimmer, 1491, 1493 455–457 – thiram, 786 – thrombocytopenic purpura, 1491 – pemphigoid-like allergic reaction, 458 – triforine, 787 – type–1 antigens, 1492, 1494 – perfume – winemakers, 1732 gardner-diamond syndrome, 378–379 – alpha-isomethyl ionone, 444 – ziram, 786 Garrod’s pads, 1582 – concentrations in products, 443, 444 fur gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 1265 – cosmetics, toiletries, and household – dressing, 1480 gas fitting, 1653 products, 443, 445 – farming, 1479–1480 gas welding, 1729 – deodorants, 443, 444 – garment industry, 1480–1481 geraniol, chemical structures and – hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene furaltadone, chemical structures and references, 1798 carboxaldehyde, 444 references, 1798 geranium oil, 1266 – olfactory sense, 443 furazolidone, chemical structures and germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone, 1774 – photocontact dermatitis, 457–458 references, 1798 giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), – pigmented cosmetic dermatitis, 458 furnace operators, 1475 1464–1465 – positive ROAT, 450 furniture manufacture glass – synonyms/trade names, 450, 456 – acrylates, 1488 – allergens, 1501 free silica, 301 – airborne patterns, 1484 – blowing, 1500 freezing and nonfreezing cold injury, 357 – cellulose fiber, 1488 – cutting fluid, 1500 Freund’s test, 1137 – contact allergens, 1485–1486 – glass hands syndrome, 1500 frictional trauma/mechanic skin diseases – contact irritants, 1485 – irritants, 1500–1501 – atopic dermatitis and psoriasis – dimethyl fumarate, 1488–1489 – mesopotamia, 1499 exacerbation, 213 – diversification, 1483 – mosaics, 1499 – hand eczema, 214–215 – extraction machinery, 1483, 1485 – properties, 1499 – neurological diseases, 213 – fumarates and acrylates structure, 1488 – silica, 1499 – physiological factor, 213 – fungicides, 1487 – thermal, chemical, and physical – skin manifestation, 213–214 – MCI/MI, 1486, 1487 trauma, 1499 friction dermatitis, 215 – natural resins, 1487–1488 – workers, 1499–1501 frisbee nail, 1662 – occupational marks, 1483, 1485 gloves Frullania (Liverwort) – occupational skin diseases, 1484 – allergy suspicion, 1928–1929 – contact allergens, 1455 – occupations, 1483, 1484 – dirt, 1923–1924 – elicited positive patch test reactions, 1461 – organic solvents, 1486 – disposable, 1228, 1548 – sesquiterpene lactones, 1465, 1468, 1469 – patch testing, 1486–1487 – ETO, 1924 frullanolide, chemical structures and – preservatives, 1487 – hairdresser/barber, 1513 references, 1797–1798 – softwoods and hardwoods, 1483 – hand eczema, 1009 fumigants – hand injury risk, 1929–1930 – chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, 781 G – health-care professionals, 1187–1190 – dazomet, 780–781 GaAs (see gallium arsenide) – industrial solvents, 710–711 – 1,3-dichloropropene, 780 gallates, 1273 – irritation, 1924 – ethylene oxide, 779 gallic acid ester (E 310), 1792 – latex, 1395–1396 (see also natural rubber – metam sodium, 780 gallium, 1536, 1537 latex) – methyl bromide, 780 gallium arsenide (GaAs), 663–664 – leather, 1226, 1928 – methyl iodide, 780 galvanized/corrugated metal roofs, 1683 – maceration, 1924–1925 funeral service worker, 1421–1422 gardeners – machinists, 1557 fungal infection, 262 – allergenic plants, 1495–1496 – multilayered laminated plastic, 1548 fungicides – allergens, 1494–1495 – nickel, 492 – captafol, 784 – airborne dermatitis, dandelion, – nitrile, 221 – captan, 784–785 1493, 1494 – plastic, 1347, 1927–1928 – chlorothalonil, 786–787 – Anacardiaceae, 1492 – polyethylene, 221 – contact dermatitis, 1319 – chrysanthemums, 1493 – PPE, 1199, 1930 – fluazinam, 787 – Dittrichia viscosa, 1493 – prevention, 1930–1931 1996 Index

– protective (see protective gloves) – sodium thiosulfate, 512 – permanent waving, 1508–1509 – protective creams, 1212 – stent material, 515 – styling, 1510 – PVC, 1927–1928 – wet methods, 512 – hairstyle, 1507 – rubber, 738, 739, 1347, 1925–1927 gold-and rhodium-containing jewelry – hand eczema, 1507 – textile fibers, 1226 alloys, 526 – hybrids, 1512 – veterinarians, 1723 golfer’s nails, 1662 – mechanical contact dermatitis, 1511 – wet, 1924 GPMT (see guinea pig maximization test) – nail changes, 1512 glucocorticoids granuloma, 521–524 – skin-damage – cellular actions, 1037, 1038 granulomatous reactions, 1709 – allergy tests, 1516 – corticosteroids, 1035 grapes, 1731–1732 – blonding agents, 1514 glucoside sinigrin, 1747 graphic paper, 1606 – carbamate compounds, 1516 glue, 1483–1488 gravestones, 1695 – cocamidopropyl betaine, 1514 gluing, 1689 grinding, 1557 – dry air, 1513 glutaraldehyde grisefulvin, 156 – formaldehyde, 1514 – chemical structures and references, Grotan BK, chemical structures and – fragrances, 1514 1798–1799 references, 1800 – friction, 1513 – funeral service worker, 1421 GTG (see glyceryl thioglycolate) – fungicide, 1516 – leather industry, 1551, 1552 guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone, 1777 – gloves, 1513 – oil rig workers, 1593, 1594 guinea pig maximization test (GPMT), – hair dyes, 1514 – sterilizing agents, 1597 1149–1150 – henna, 1514 glyceryl monothioglycolate, 1508 guitar groin, 1582 – human dander, 1516 glyceryl thioglycolate (GTG) guitar nipple, 1582 – hydrolyzed animal and vegetable – chemical structures and references, 1799 gut eczema, 1313–1314 proteins, 1516 – hairdressers, 1511, 1512, 1514 – irritants, 1513 glycidyl methacrylate, chemical structures and H – latex, 1514 references, 1741 hair disorders – management and treatment, glycidyl 1-naphthyl ether, chemical structures – anatomy and hair cycle, 265–266 1516–1514 and references, 1799 – hair growth – mercaptobenzothiazole, 1515 4-glycidyloxy-N, N-diglycidylaniline – hair color change, 281 – nickel, 1516 (GDODGA), 1257 – hirsutism and hypertrichosis, 281 – preservatives, 1514 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane – trichomegaly, 280–281 – prevention and prognosis, 1517 – allyl glycidyl ether, 1747 – ultraviolet radiation, 281 – reducing agents, 1514 – chemical structures and references, 1799 – hair loss – sensitizers, 1513 gold – alopecia areata, 278–279 – thiuram compounds, 1515 – alcoholic beverages, 512 – anagen (see anagen hair loss) – water, 1512–1513 – allergic contact dermatitis, 514–517 – clinical diagnosis, 267 hairdressing allergens, 1422 – allergic contact stomatitis and glossitis, – diffuse, 267–268 haloacetic acids (HAAs), 1706 515–516 – hair pull test, 267 halogenated by-product, 1283 – allergy, 515 – nurse’s cap alopecia, 280 haloketones, 1286 – chemical properties, 511 – pesticides, 276–277 hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), – chrysotherapy, 517 – physical examination, 267 1261–1263, 1469 – colloidal solution, 512 – plant toxins, 277–278 hand dermatitis, 1361 – contact allergy, 512–513 – sanitary cleaner, 278 hand dermatoses – dental gold restorations, 517 – semiconductor worker, 278 – European Dermato-Epidemiology – dentistry, 512 – telogen, 266, 275–276 Network (EDEN) survey, 1018 – gold jewelry, 512, 514–516 – tinea capitis, 279–280 – oral PUVA therapy, 1019 – gold leaf, 512 – toxic oil syndrome, 278 – UVA1 irradiation, 1020 – goldsalt, 512 hairdresser/barber – UVB irradiation, 1019 – gold trichloride, 512 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1511–1512 hand eczema – in vitro testing, 514 – atopic dermatitis, 1512 – atopic dermatitis, 1113 – irritancy, 517 – chronic irritant contact – classification of, 1005–1006 – jewelers, 1536, 1537, 1540 dermatitis, 1511 – diagnosis – makeup application, 512 – cosmetologists, 1385, 1386 – anamneses, 1006–1007 – methods free of water, 512 – direct contact reaction, 1512 – exposure assessment, 1007 – occupational exposure, 516–517 – epidemiology, 1507–1508 – patch testing, 1007–1008 – patch-test, 513–514 – hairdressing procedures – physical examination, 1007 – photography, 512 – bleaching, 1510 – emollients, 1057 – physical properties, 511 – cleaning, 1508 – hairdresser, 1507 – psoriasis treatment, 512 – conditioning, 1510 – management – radioactive isotope, 512 – cutting, 1508 – avoidance strategy, 1009 – sodium thiomalate, 512 – hair coloring, 1509, 1510 – barrier creams, 1009–1010 Index 1997

– cleansing, 1010–1011 – infectious diseases human papillomavirus type 7 (HPV7) – education, 1008 – alcohol-based hand rubs, 1191–1192 infection, 1316 – emollients, 1011 – hand disinfection, 1191 human skin irritancy models – gloves, 1009 – hand hygiene, 1190–1191 – extrinsic factors – secondary and tertiary prevention, healthcare worker (HCW) – patch test, 1123 1008–1009 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1520–1523 – repeated occlusive tests, 1123–1124 – MWF operations, 1505 – chronic radiodermatitis, 1525 – repeated open tests, 1124 – occupational MRSA infection, 1089–1090 – contact urticaria, 1523–1524 – wash tests, 1124–1125 – operating room staff, 1597–1598 – halogenated anesthetic agents, 1525 – intrinsic factors – prognosis, 1113–1114 – infectious diseases, 1524–1525 – adaptation, 1126–1127 – atopy (see atopy, hand eczema) – irritant contact dermatitis, 1519–1520 – atopic dermatitis, 1125–1126 – clinical examination, 1114–1115 – miliaria mimicking ACD, 1525 – filaggrin null mutations, 1127–1128 – factors related to, 1114 – occupational dermatoses, 1519 – hardening, 1126–1127 – population-based studies, 1114 – occupational vitiligo, 1525 – mucosal atopy, 1126 – quality of life, 1114 – psoriasis, 1525 – preexposure barrier function, 1125 – treatment – radiation-induced squamous cell – stratum corneum lipids, 1128–1129 – phototherapy, 1012 carcinoma, 1525 – TNF-a, 1128 – retinoids, 1013 – Raynaud’s disease, 1525 hydralazine, chemical structures and references, – systemic immunosuppressants, 1013 health-related quality of life (HRQoL), 1800–1801 – tar, 1013–1014 13–16, 21 hydrangenol, chemical structures and – topical and systemic heat urticaria, 225 references, 1801 corticosteroids, 1012 helpdesk and allergen, 899–901 hydration measurement, 1911–1912 – topical calcineurin inhibitors, 2-HEMA (see 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrazine 1012–1013 Henna tattoos, 1710 – chemical structures and references, 1801 hand eczema severity index score hepatic angiosarcoma, 1946 – explosives, 1568 (HECSI), 198 herbicides hydrocortisone hand engraver, 1423 – alachlor, 784 – chemical structures and references, 1801 hand held power tools, 1261 – amitrole, 783 – corticosteroids, 1036 hardener, 1475, 1476 – atrazine, propazine and simazine, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, chemical hard metal 783–784 structures and references, 1801–1802 – antimicrobial agents, 1504, 1505 – dichlobenil, 783 hydrofluoric acid, 1500 – brazing, 1503 – 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 784 hydrogen peroxide – cobalt, 1503–1504 – glyphosate, 782 – chemical structures and references, 1802 – contact dermatitis, 1504–1505 – paraquat, 783 – irritants, 1610 – disease, 1505 – phenmedipham, 783 – pulp bleaching, 1607 – formaldehyde releasers, 1504 – pyrazon, 783 – waste paper, 1609 – grinding, 1503–1504 herpes labialis, 1580 hydroquinone – metal matrix composites, 1503 herpes simplex viruses (HSV), 1667 – chemical structures and references, 1802 – preventive measures, 1505 hexamethylenediamine, chemical structures – Nyloprint process, 1656 – tungsten carbide, 1503 and references, 1800 – photography, 1636 HAVS (see hand-arm vibration syndrome) hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 1822 hazardous substances, 1235 – chemical structures and references, 1800 hydroxycitronellal, chemical structures and HCW (see healthcare worker) – polyurethane resins, 592–596 references, 1803 HDI (see hexamethylene diisocyanate) hexamethylenetetramine, 1475, 1476 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA), chemical health-care professionals 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, chemical structures structures and references, 1742 – ACD, 1186 and references, 1741–1742 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) – biological effects hexanediol diglycidyl ether, chemical structures – chemical structures and references, 1742 – chronic irradiation, 1192–1193 and references, 1800 – dental personnel, 1391, 1394, 1395 – radiation-induced skin high endothelial venules (HEV), 119 – gels, 1384 cancer, 1193 high-risk housework allergens, 1531, 1532 hydroxylamine, chemical structures and – contact dermatitis highway construction workers, 1529, 1530 references, 1803 – barrier creams, 1186–1187 histocompatibility antigen (HLA) genes, 114 hydroxylammonium salts, chemical structures – contamination, 1190 histopathology (see dermatohistopathology) and references, 1803 – emollients, 1186–1187 housekeeping, 1531 (S)-4-hydroxy 4-methoxydalbergione, – gloves, 1187–1190 house workers, 1531–1532 chemical structures and references, 1802 – Hevea braziliensis, 1189 2-HPMA (see 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) hydroxymethylpentacycloh – hydration dermatitis, 1189 HPV type 7, 1641 exenecarboxaldehyde, chemical structures – IVDK, 1189, 1190 HRQoL (see health-related quality of life) and references, 1803 – vulcanization accelerator, 1189 human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) association, hydroxymethyl phenol, 583 – dose monitoring, 1193 310–311 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, chemical structures – ICD, 1185–1186 human papillomaviruses (HPV), 233 and references, 1742 1998 Index

2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA) immunosuppression, mountain guides, 1580 – legislation, labeling, information and – chemical structures and references, 1743 INCI (see International Nomenclature of education, 711 – dental personnel, 1391, 1394, 1395 Cosmetic Ingredients) – patch testing, 709–710 – gels, 1384 indium, 1536, 1537, 1539 – penetration-enhancing action, 710 hygiene paper, 1606 induced hair loss/alopecia – petroleum distillates, 708 hyperhidrosis – alopecia areata appearance and patterned – prevention – definition, 1061 alopecia, 1940 – barrier creams, 711 – pathogenesis of, 1061 – anagen identification, 1937, 1938 – individual susceptibility, 711 – prevalence of, 1061 – anatomy and mechanism, 1935–1936 – protective gloves, 710–711 – treatment algorithm for focal, 1061–1062 – animal models, 1941 – skin-irritant properties, 710 hyperkeratosis, 215 – cosmetic causes, 1940 – scleroderma, 708 hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis, 893 – drug classes, 1940 – skin exposure hyperkeratotic hand eczema, palms – hair cycle, 1936 – edema, 705–706 – alitretinoin and placebo therapy, 198–199 – hair shedding, 1937 – erythema, 704–705 – dermatomycosis, 197 – human models, 1941 – irritancy, 703–704 – epidemiology, 197–198 – nonchemical-related hair loss, 1936–1937 – Steven-Johnson syndrome, 704 – frictional trauma, 197 – pharmacokinetics, 1940–1941 – subjective irritation, 704 – keratolytic therapy, 198 – pull vs. pluck test, 1937 – systemic effects, 703, 705 – pruritus, 197 – telogen identification, 1937–1940 – systemic toxicity, 710 – PUVA therapy, 198 induction phase, 114–115 – technical-grade, 701 – systemic treatment, 198 – allergen-modified Langerhans’ cells – testing, 706 – vitamin A acid treatment, 198 recognition – threshold limit values, 701, 703 hyperkeratotic reactive epidermal proliferation, – hapten-specific T cells activation, – treatment, 711 1278, 1279 119–121 – trichloroethylene hyperreactivity, 133–134 – naive T cells homing, lymph nodes, 119 – flushing, 706 hypochlorites, chemical structures and – allergen-specific T cells, 114 – whitening, 706–707 references, 1803–1804 – contact allergens binding, skin infectious diseases hypochlorous acid, chemical structures and components – health-care professionals references, 1803–1804 – chemical nature, 116 – alcohol-based hand rubs, 1191–1192 hypoplastic/atrophic skin, 271 – hapten presentation, LC, 116–117 – hand disinfection, 1191 hyporeactivity – pre-and prohaptens, 117 – hand hygiene, 1190–1191 – cellular basis, active tolerance, 135–136 – cytokine environment, 122–123 – healthcare worker, 1524–1525 – and hyperreactivity, 115 – hapten-induced activation – operating room staff, 1597–1598 – immune response regulation, 135, 136 – LC activation, 117–119 inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells – lasting tolerance induction, naive – LC physiology, 117 (IDEC), 203 individuals, 137 – nature of allergen, 123 information network of departments of – regulatory mechanisms, effector phase, – neuroendocrine factors, 123–124 dermatology (IVDK), 1189, 1190 136–137 – systemic propagation, specific T-cell inks – tolerance mechanisms redundancy, 137 progeny – allergens, 635 – transient desensitization, primed – allergen-specific T-cell – colored liquids, 635 individuals, 137–138 recirculation, 127 – composition, 636–637 – T-cell recirculation, 124–127 – electron beam, 638 I – T-cell differentiation, 120, 122 – hybrid offset, 638 IARC (see International Agency for Research on – T-cell proliferation, 120 – irritants, 637 Cancer) industrial enzymes – nonindustrial inks, 635 ICD (see irritant contact dermatitis) – immunologic contact urticaria, 482 – overprint varnishes, 638 ICU (see immunological contact urticaria) – regulatory classification, 481 – printing industry, 635–636 idiopathic environmental intolerance – skin irritation, 483 – skin complaints, 635 (IEI), 1918 – skin sensitization, 482 – UV-cured printing inks, 637–638 IgE-mediated allergies, 1481, 1724 industrial solvents – vehicle/binder, 635 ILB (see intercellular lipid bilayers) –ACD inner medulla, 1935 IL–1 receptor antagonist (ILRA), 94 – dioxane and alcohols, 709 insect bites imidazolidinyl urea – D-limonene, 709 – contact irritants, 1455 – chemical structures and references, 1804 – solvents, 708 – hymenoptera hypersensitivity, 1460 – cosmetics, 404 – styrene, 709 – military personnel, 1570–1571 immature cutaneous DC (iDC), 1159 – turpentine, 709 – prevention, 1456 immunological contact urticaria (ICU), 218 – chemical burns, 708 – skin hazard, 1453 – airborne contact dermatitis, 181, 182 – chemical structure, 701, 702 insulation workers, 1533–1534 – antiseptics and disinfectants, 387 – CU, 706 intercellular lipid bilayers (ILB), 841, 842 – industrial enzymes, 482 – histopathology, 706 interdigitating cells (IDC), 114 – vegetables and fruit, 815 – ICD, 707–708 intermittent vascular symptoms, 1263 Index 1999

International Agency for Research on Cancer – benzalkonium chloride, 1571 – diagnosis, 96–97 (IARC), 737, 1242 – boat building, 1305, 1306 – disinfectants, 1571 International Classification of Diseases – brake-lining workers, 1309–1311 – Draize-type tests, 1140 (ICD), 45 – butchers and slaughterhouse worker, – embalmers, 1421–1422 International Code of Ethics for Occupational 1313–1314 – emollients, 1219–1220 Health Professionals (ICOH) code, 30, 33 – cabinet makers – epidemiology, 95 International Contact Dermatitis Research – bark, 1319 – epidermal equivalent, 1141–1142 Group (ICDRG), 170 – 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone, 1320 – epoxy compounds, 574 International groups of contact dermatitis, 42 – erythema multiforme reaction, 1325 – excised skin, 1142 International Nomenclature of Cosmetic – fire retardant, 1319 – fiberglass, dusts Ingredients (INCI), 164, 165 – fungicides, 1319 – acute, 417 International Standard Classification of – glues paints and lacquer, 1323, 1325 – chronic, 417–418 Occupation (ISCO), 48 – heartwood, 1319 – flour, 1331 International Standard Industrial Classification – insect, 1319 – forestry worker, 1462 (ISIC), 49 – lichens, 1319 – gardeners, 1491 intertrigo, 356 – liverworts, 1319 – genetic susceptibility intraepidermal carcinoma, 70 – phenol, 1320 – inflammatory genes, 1172 intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD), 524 – preservatives and treatment, 1320, – skin barrier, 1169–1172 intrinsic atopic dermatitis, 202 1323–1325 – health-care professionals, 1185–1186 involucrin, 202 – prevention and treatment, 1326 – healthcare worker, 1519–1520 iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), – quinones, 1320 – house workers, 1531, 1532 chemical structures and references, – sapwood, 1319 – human irritation test, 1140–1141 1804–1805 – stilbenes, 1320 – IL–11, 94 ionizing radiation – terpenes, 1320 – IL1A–889T allele, 1172 – natural and artificial, 885 – testing and methodology, 1325–1326 – in vivo and in vitro tests, 1215–1216 – occupational exposure, 885, 886 –typeIandtypeIVallergic – irritation and paresthesia, 1143 – protection and prevention, 889 reaction, 1320 – jellyfish reaction, 87, 88 – signs and symptoms – wood exposure, 1319 – maceration, 1925 – delayed effects, 887–888 – woodworking industry, 1321–1323 – masseurs, 1561 – early cutaneous effects, 885–887 – carpenter, 1337–1343 – metal industry, 1565 IPDI (see isophorone diisocyanate) – caustic reaction, 87, 88 – metalworkers, 1208 IPPD (see N-isopropyl- – ceramic worker, 1359–1360 – musicians, 1582, 1583 N-phenylparaphenylenediamine) – cheese makers, 1361 – MWF, 1347–1348 iron, 694 – chemists, 1363–1366 – Non-Draize animal study, 1140 – electrode, 1297 – child daycare workers, 1369–1370 – North Bavaria incidence rates, 52, 53 – ions, 973 – chromium, 496 – oil rig workers, 1589–1591 – jewelers, 1536, 1539, 1540 – cigarette, 1371–1373 – operating room staff, 1598 – metallic coatings, 694 – cigar makers, 1371–1373 – PC efficacy, 1214–1215 – PAHs, 249 – clinical features – phenol-formaldehyde resins, 584–588 – pigments, 678 – acute, 88–90 – photographers and photo-lab – winders, 1375 – acute delayed, 90 workers, 1636 irritant cement eczema – airborne, 93 – plants, 1570 – acute reactions, 532 – cumulative and chronic, 90–91 – plastic resin systems, 1347 – cement workers, 1354–1355 – exsiccation eczematid, 92 – plumbers and pipe fitters, 1654 – chronic reactions, 532–533 – irritant potential, 88, 90 – polyurethane, 594–595 – noneczematous skin changes, 533 – irritant reaction, 90–91 – pottery worker, 1359–1360 irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) – nonerythematous, 92 – poultry processors, 1641 – airborne contact dermatitis – pustular and acneiform, 92 – prevention, 98 – dust particles, 178 – subjective or sensory, 92–93 – prognosis – fibers, 177–178 – traumatic, 92 – age, 1105 – sprays, 178–179 – traumiterative, 92 – atopic background, 1104–1105 – vapors, and gasses, 178–179 – types of, 87, 90 – concurrent contact sensitivities, – alkaline dishwashing detergent, 1570 – construction workers, 1377 1105–1106 – allergic contact dermatitis, 93 – contact urticaria syndrome – external and internal environmental – athletes, 1670 – guinea pig ear swelling test, 1143 factors, 1103 – atopic dermatitis, 203–206, 209 – immunology, 1142–1143 – in females and males, 1105 – atopic skin diathesis, 1350 – nonimmunology, 1142 – hand eczema scoring systems, 1104 – bakers, 1271 – cutting fluids, 719 – hardening, 1104 – bath attendants, 1283–1287 – cytokine IL–1, 93–94 – health care interventions, 1106 – batik process, 1290, 1293 – dental personnel, 1389–1390 – interindividual variation, 1106 – battery maker, 1298 – dermatohistopathology, 984–985 – irritant exposure avoidance, 1104 2000 Index

– morphologic factors, 1104 – dyshidrosis, 1538 lactucin, chemical structures and – persistence of, 1104 – fluxes, 1535 references, 1806 – skin infections, 1106 – folliculitis and forunculosis, 1540 lactucopicrin, chemical structures and – socioeconomic factors, 1106 – granulomas, 1540 references, 1806 – pulp and paper worker, 1612 – hyperpigmentation, 1540 Langerhans cells (LC) – risk factors, 95–96 – irritative pulpitis, 1538 – activation, 117–119 – roofers, 1686, 1687 – irritative substances, 1541 – allergen-modified LC recognition – Saarland, Germany, 55 – lacquers, varnishes, and enamels, 1537 – hapten-specific T cells activation, – single-cell assays, 1141 – mechanical hardening, 1535 119–121 – skin equivalent, 1142 – precious metals recuperation, 1537 – naive T cells homing, lymph nodes, 119 – skin exposure, 1895 – prophylaxis, 1540 – hapten presentation, 116–117 – skin health surveillance, 1911 – soldering, 1536–1537 – immature cutaneous DC, 1159 – skin protective products, adverse effect, jewelry maker, 1423 – in vitro sensitization, 1156 539–541 job-exposure matrix (JEM), 45 – physiology, 117 – soldering flux, 1347 job title (see occupation exposure) – T cell, 1163 – Staphylinid (rove) beetles, 1571 lapachenol, chemical structures and – TNF1, 94 K references, 1806 ® – tobacco, 1371–1373 Kathon 930, 1780 lapachol, chemical structures and ® – treatment and prognosis, 97–98 Kathon CG, 1814, 1815 references, 1807 ® – UP resins, 600–601 Kathon LX, 1814 laryngeal cancer, 1386 ® – veterinarians, 1724 Kathon 886 MW, 1814 laser doppler flowmetry (LDF), 1121 ® – wet gloves, 1924 Kathon WT, 1814 laser engraver, 1423 – winemakers, 1732 keratoacanthoma, 70 latex irritant hand dermatitis, 1197–1198 keratoconjunctivitis, 1729 – brake-lining worker, 1310 ‘‘ISCO–08’’ occupational code number, 46–48 keratolytic therapy, 198 – confectionery and candy makers, 1331 ‘‘ISIC Rev. 4’’ industrial code number, 46–48 keratoses, 1529 – contact urticaria, 1310 isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, 541 keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris – dental personnel, 1395–1396 isocyanates, 591–596, 637, 1347, 1658 (KPPP), 343 – hairdresser/barber, 1514 isoeugenol, chemical structures and ketoprofen, 156–157 – natural rubber (see natural rubber latex) references, 1805 keys, 1555 – operating room staff, 1597, 1598 isomorphic reaction, 214 Khaya grandiflora, 832 – prick testing, 1422 isophorone diamine, chemical structures and Khaya ivorensis, 832 laundry detergents references, 1805 Khaya spp., 1320 – colored fabrics, 851–852 isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 592–596 Koebner phenomenon – composition, 852, 853 N-isopropyl-N-phenylparaphenylenediamine – hand eczema, 214, 215 – heavy-duty/general purpose, 851 (IPPD) – isomorphic, 894 – light-duty detergents, 851 – black rubber exposure, 1555 – psoriasis, 349 – preparations, 852 – CPPD, 1775 – vitiligo, 289–290 – surface tension, 851 – facial dermatitis, 1286 koilonychia, 256, 257 – wool and silk, 852 – glass workers, 1501 kratinocyte carcinomas, 65 lavender oil, 1265–1267 – shoe manufacturers and repairers, 1690 LC (see Langerhans cells) N-isopropyl-N-phenyl–4-phenylenediamine L L-citronellol, 1772 – chemical structures and references, laboratory technicians LE (see lupus erythematosus) 1805–1806 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1544–1547 leather – embalmers, 1422 – automation and encapsulation, 1543 – gloves, 1226 – rubber gloves, 1925, 1929 – chemical burns, 1544 – industry, 1551–1553 IVDK (see information network of departments – chloracne, 1543 – manufacture of of dermatology) – contact urticaria, 1547–1548 – chrome tanning, 644 – disposable gloves, 1548 – formaldehyde and J – double gloving, 1548 glutaraldehyde, 645 Jadassohn-Bloch technique., 41 – histology/electron microscopy – post-tanning process, 645 jasmine absolute, 1266 laboratories, 1543 – pre-tanning process, 643–644 jewelers – intermediate compounds, 1543 – synthetic tanning, 644 – allergenic substances, 1541 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1544 – vegetable tanning, 644 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1538–1540 – multilayered laminated plastic gloves, 1548 – occupational dermatoses, 646–647 – alloys, 1535–1536 – nanoparticles, 1543 leclanche battery, 1297 – baths, 1537 – pharmaceutical companies, 1543 lemongrass oil, 458, 1266 – blanching, stripping, and deoxidation, – protective gloves, 1548 lepidopterism, 1461–1462 1535, 1536 – skin infections, 1548 Letterflex process, 1656 – casting, 1537 – tissue specimens, 1543, 1548 letterpress, 1655 – dry and fissured dermatitis, 1538 lacquer, 1483–1485, 1487 leukoderma, 739–740 Index 2001 lichen malignant melanoma (MM) MBTS (see dibenzothiazyl disulfide) – acid mix, 1455 – adjuvant treatment McDonald’s acne, 333 – allergens, 1465 – interferon, 1083 MCI/MI, 1486, 1487 – compounds, 1466, 1467 – vaccination strategy, 1083 MCS (see multiple chemical sensitivity) – rubber planus, 1453 – diagnosis, 1081–1082 MDI (see diphenylmethane diisocyanate) – VS. liverworts, 1468 – distant metastatic disease, 1082–1083 mechanical acro-osteolysis, 895 lichenoid reactions, 1638 – epidemiological data, 68 mechanical contact dermatitis, 1511 lichen-planus-like and lichenoid reaction, 297 – follow-up and prevention, 1083 mechanical services plumbing, 1653 lidocaine, 1709 – incidence rates, 68 mechanical trauma limonene, chemical structures and – primary tumor, 1082 – electronics workers, 1415 references, 1807 – regional metastatic disease, 1082 – florists, 1447 linalool, chemical structures and references, – risk factors, 69–70 – gardeners, 1491 1807–1808 – SLNB, 1082 mechanical wood processing, 1503 linalyl acetate, chemical structures and mallorca acne, 335 medical gloves, 1226 references, 1808 malten, 1656 Meerwein-Ponndorf reduction, 1771 lincomycin (hydrochloride monohydrate), mancozeb MEL (see melanoma) chemical structures and references, 1808 – chemical structures and references, 1809 melamine, chemical structures and lindane, chemical structures and – wine-making, 1732 references, 1810 references, 1808 maneb, chemical structures and references, 1809 melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) liposomes, 750 manicurists, 1381 – chemical structures and references, 1810 lithographers (see printing) – acrylic resins, 1383 – furniture manufacture, 1486, 1488 live biohazard, 1426, 1428 – artificial preformed nails, 1384 – leather industry, 1553 liver angiosarcoma, 1386 – artificial tips, 1384 melanoma (MEL) L-limonene, 1789, 1807 – central nervous system, 1386 – malignant (see malignant melanoma) LLNA (see local lymph node assay) – cuticle removers/softeners, 1382 – mountain guides, 1578, 1579 LMW (see low-molecular-weight) – eyes, mouth, and throat mucosal melanosomes, 285 local lymph node assay (LLNA), 1149, 1150 irritation, 1385–1386 MELISA, 962 locks, 1555 – gels, 1384 mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) locksmiths, 1555, 1556 – hardeners, 1383 – carpenters, 1338, 1341 loricrin, 202 – nail cosmetics, 1381 – chemical structures and references, 1810 low-molecular-weight (LMW), 956–958 – nail-elongating chemicals, 1385 – dibenzothiazyl disulfide, 1779 LTT (see lymphocyte transformation test) – nail-polish/enamel removers, 1381–1383 – furniture manufacture, 1486 lubricants, 1475, 1679 – paresthesias, 1385 – hairdressing, 1515 lung cancer, 1386 – porcelain nails, 1383 – leather and shoes, 647, 649 lupus erythematosus (LE), 319–320, 1491 – prevention, 1386–1387 – leather industry, 1552 lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), – pulmonary effects, 1385 – morpholinyl, 221 961–963 – reproductive system, 1386 – rubber gloves, 1929 Lyngbya majuscula, 1408 – sculptured nails, 1383, 1384 – salts, chemical structures and ® Lyral – sensitization, 1384 references, 1810 – chemical structures and references, 1808 – skin injuries, 1385 – shoe manufacturers and repairers, 1690 – hydroxymethylpentacyclo – wrapping, 1384 – sulfenamide, 1762 hexenecarboxaldehyde, 1803 manifest illness, 271 – tanning, 644 Manilkara bidentata, 1337, 1342 6-mercaptopurine, 1753 M man-made mineral fibers (MMMF), 1533 Merck Index, 1563 mace, 1569 manual brushing, 1601 mercury, 524–525 Machaerium scleroxylon, 832–833 massage oils, 1265 – acute intoxication, 329–330 machinists masseurs – anagen hair loss, 273–274 – additional allergens, 1558–1559 – allergens, 1562, 1563 – antiseptics, 391 – cutting fluid dermatitis, 722–723 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1561 – battery maker, 1298 – cutting fluids, 1557 – essential oils, 1561 – chloride, 318 – irritants, 1558 – fungal infections, 1563 – fulminate, 1568 – metals, 1557 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1561 – metallic coatings, 694 – protective gloves, 1557 – irritants, 1561, 1562 – tattoo, 1709 – raw material, 1557 – mineral oils, 1561 mesna, chemical structures and references, – solvents, 1557–1558 – PEG–4 rapeseed amide, 1562 1810–1811 – standard allergens, 1558 – potential contact allergens, 1561 mesopotamia, 1499 major histocompatibility complex (MHC), – vegetable oils, 1561 metacresol, chemical structures and 114–117 – wet work, 1561 references, 1811 malathion, chemical structures and references, material composition, 1227 metallic coating 1808–1809 material safety data sheets (MSDS), 920–921 – acids and arsenic, 692 maleopimaric acid, 470–471 MBT (see mercaptobenzothiazole) – allergic lesions, 692 2002 Index

– aluminum and antimony, 692 (R)-4-methoxy dalbergione, chemical MI (see methylisothiazolinone) – brass and bronzes, 693 structures and references, 1812 microbial hazard, 1421 – cadmium and chromium, 693 methoxypsoralens, chemical structures and miliaria, 355–356 – gold (aurum), 693–694 references, 1812–1813 military personnel – nickel, 694–696 methyl acrylate (MA), chemical structures and – dermatological diseases, 1567 – objectives of, 692 references, 1743 – occupational contact dermatitis metals methyl bromide, pustular reaction, 298–299 – clothing and accessories, 1571 – casting, 1475 methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), chemical – combat gases, 1568–1569 – engraver, 1423 structures and references, 1814 – detergents, 1570 – industry, 1565–1566 methylchloroisothiazolinone + – drugs, repellents, and – locksmiths, 1555 methylsiothiazolinone (MCI/MI), chemical antiperspirants, 1571 – recovery of, 1576 structures and references, 1814 – environmental contact metalworkers methyldibromoglutaronitrile dermatitis, 1570 – allergens and irritants, 1208 – chemical structures and references, – explosives, munitions, and fuses, 1568 – contact sensitization, 1206 1814–1815 – insect bites, 1570–1571 – dry work, 1207 – skin protective products, 540 – intentional skin damage, 1572 – epidemiology, 1205–1206 N, N’-Methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine), – nickel/cobalt sensitization, 1572 – flexural eczema, 1206 402, 407 – oils, fuels, and solvents, 1568 – ICD, 1208 methylenedianiline (MDA), 594 – paints, 1570 – MWF, 1207 methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI), 1304 – patch tests with allergens, 1569–1570 – neat oil, 1207 a-methylene-g-butyrolactone, 1494 – plants, 1570 – OSD, 1205 methyl–2,3-epoxy–3-(4-methoxyphenyl) – weapons and arms, 1570 – patch test, 1208 propionate, chemical structures and milkers’ node, 232 – preventive and therapeutic measures, references, 1813 milk fat, 1361 1208–1209 methyl gallate, chemical structures and Millepora spp., 1408 – work-related activities, 1207 references, 1813 mineral fibers, 1533 metalworking fluid (MWF) methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, chemical mineral oil lubricants, 1557 – contact allergy, 406–407 structures and references, 1815 mining/tunneling, 1575–1576 – grinders and brazers, 1503–1505 methylisothiazolinone (MI) mitotic activity, 1935, 1936, 1938 – machinists, 1557–1559 – chemical structures and references, 1815 mixed connective tissue disease, 318 – metal industry, 1565–1566 – skin protective products, 540 MM (see malignant melanoma) – metal machining, 1347–1349 methyl isothiocyanate, 1732 MMA (see methyl methacrylate) – occupational contact dermatitis, 408 methyl methacrylate (MMA) modified bitumen roofs (MBRs), 1683 – positive reactions, relevance, 407–408 – 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1739 moisturizers (see also emollients) – prevention, 1206, 1207 – chemical structures and references, – anti-inflammatory/epithelial growth- – risk factor, 408 1743–1744 promoting substances, 1219 metanil yellow – dental personnel, 1391, 1394, 1395 – definition, 1218 – chemical structures and references, 1811 – leather industry, 1553 – lipid-rich, 1220 – leather industry, 1552 – operating room staff, 1597, 1598 – mRNA expression, 1219 methacrylates N-methylolchloracetamide, 410–411 – physiologic/non-physiologic – acrylic resins, 544–545 methylol phenols, chemical structures and lipids, 1219 – adhesives and glues, 655, 656 references, 1815–1816 – significant preventive and therapeutic – chemical structures and references, 1743 1-methylpyrrolidone, chemical structures and effect, 1220 – dental personnel, 1391, 1394–1395 references, 1816 monobenzone, 288, 290, 292 – silk-screen workers, 1691 methyl-terpyridine, chemical structures and monoethanolamine, chemical structures and methacrylic acid references, 1813 references, 1817 – artificial preformed nails, 1384 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin- MOR (see morpholinyl – chemical structures and references, 1743 3-one mercaptobenzothiazole) methenamine – chemical structures and references, 1814 mordant dyes, 1711 – chemical structures and metiram, 1732 morphine references, 1811 metol (sulfate), chemical structures and – bitartrate, 1817 – OCD, 410 references, 1816 – chemical structures and references, 1817 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus metronidazole (hydrochloride), chemical – hydrochloride, 1817 (MRSA), 235, 385 structures and references, 1816 – tartrate, 1817 methidathion, chemical structures and mevinphos, chemical structures and 4-morpholinyl–2-benzothiazyle disulfide, references, 1811–1812 references, 1817 chemical structures and references, 1818 methiocarb, chemical structures and mezlocilin, chemical structures and morpholinyl mercaptobenzothiazole (MOR) references, 1812 references, 1817 – chemical structures and methomyl, chemical structures and MFR (see melamine-formaldehyde resin) references, 1818 references, 1812 MGs (see mountain guides) – gloves allergy, 1929 methotrexate, 1048–1049 MHC (see major histocompatibility complex) morsicatio buccarum, 375 Index 2003 mountain guides (MGs) – onychomycosis, 241 National Institute for Occupational Safety and – altitude, 1577 – prevention, 242 Health (NIOSH), 1243, 1386 – herpes labialis, 1580 – ringworm, 239 natural moisturizing factors (NMF), – seborrheic dermatitis, 1580 – tinea corporis, 239–240 1218, 1220 – skin cancer – tinea cruris, 240 natural rubber latex (NRL) – age, genetic factors, and sun burns, – tinea pedis, 240 – ADP cornstarch glove powder, 755, 756 1579–1580 – treatment and management, – anaphylaxis, 756 – BCC, 1578, 1579 241–242 – asthmatic reactions and – MEL, 1578, 1579 – subcutaneous mycoses, 243, 244 hyperventilation, 756 –MGvs. control group, 1578, 1579 – systemic mycoses, 243, 244 – contact dermatitis, 1232 – risk factors multivariate analysis, 1579 Myiasis, 1456 – CU, 221, 1232 – SCC, 1578, 1579 – definition, 755–756 – skin damage, 1577, 1578 N – double glove, 1232–1233 – solar cheilitis, 1578, 1579 nail disorders – dry rubber, 756–757 – solar keratoses, 1578 – anatomy, 255 – glove use and relevance – UV radiation, 1577 – clinical reaction pattern, 256 – atmospheric contamination, 760 – verrucae vulgares, 1580 – definition, 255 – IgE-antibody, 760, 763 MRSA (see methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus – occupational traumatic abnormality – inhalation, 761, 763 aureus) – acute injuries, 256 – non-NRL materials, 759, 762 MSDS (see material safety data sheets) – bacterial infection, 258, 260 – occupational allergy cases, 759, 762 multifunctional acrylic resins, 1384 – color variation, 256–262 – surgical and examination, 759, 761 multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) – delayed post-acute traumatic – health-care workers, 757–758, – All Allergy Syndrome, 1917 deformity, 256, 257 1967–1698 – clinical symptoms, 1918–1919 – fingernail fragility, 256, 257 – immunotherapy, 766 – definition, 1918 – koilonychia, 256, 257 – inhalation challenge testing, 759–761, – enzympolymorphisms, 1920 – onycholysis, 256, 258 763–764 – epidemiology, 1918 – paronychia, 256, 259 – laboratory technicians, 1547 – history, 1917–1918 – toenail dystrophy, 256, 258 – liquid processing, 757 – immunological deficit, 1919–1920 – viral/fungal infection, 260, 262 – occupational allergy cost, 764–765 – learned behavior, 1920 – pitfalls, 260–261 – OCU, 219 – olfactory-limbic system disorders, 1920 naled, chemical structures and references, 1818 – primary prevention, 766 – pathogenesis, 1919 nanoemulsions, 751 – rhinitis, 756 – porphyrins, 1920 nanoparticles – rubber gloves, 1925–1927 – psychiatric illnesses, 1920 – C–60 fullerenes/nanotubes, 747 – rubber tree, 755, 756 – psychotherapeutic treatment, 1920–1921 – definition, 747 – secondary prevention, 766 – toxicant-induced loss of tolerance, 1919 – dermatitis, 751 – skin prick test and specific IgE multiple myeloma, 1386 – drug delivery systems antibody, 763 Mu¨nchhausen-by-proxy syndrome, 379 – ethosomes, 750 – symptomatic therapy, 765–766 Mu¨nchhausen syndrome, 379 – liposomes, 750 – time interval, 758–759 musicians – nanoemulsions, 751 – urticaria and itching, 756 – callus, 1581 – nanospheres, 751 nematocide, 1780 – clinical aspects, 1582 – niosomes, 751 neomycin – epidemiology, 1581–1582 – pharmaceutical products, 749 – B hydrochloride and sulfat, 1819 – irritants and allergens, 1582–1583 – transfersomes, 750 – chemical structures and references, 1819 – patch testing, 1583 – human exposure, 747–748 neoprene, 1790 – stress, 1581 – occupational medical surveillance, Netherton’s syndrome (NS), 7 – therapeutic and preventive 751–752 nickel measures, 1583 – PubMed-indexed papers, 747, 748 – alloys, 485–486 MWF (see metalworking fluid) – skin-penetrating and toxicological – artificial sweat, 487–488 mycobacteria, 1709 property – battery maker, 1298 Mycobacterium chelonae, 1709 – carbon-based nanoparticles, 749 – corrosion, 485–486 Mycobacterium marinum, 238–239, 1704–1705 – quantum dots, 748–749 – dermatitis, 1110 mycotic infections – silver and gold nanoparticles, 749 – dimethylglyoxime test, 487 – candidiasis – titanium dioxide, 748 – hairdresser, 1516 – interdigital folds, 242 – ZnO, 748 – health effects – paronychia, 242–243 nanospheres, 751 – animals, sensitizing capacity and – toe webs, 242 naphthol AS, chemical structures and cross-reactivity, 486 – treatment and management, 243 references, 1819 – hand eczema, 487, 491 – dermatophytes 1-naphthol, chemical structures and – sensitization and prevalence, – kerion celsi, 241 references, 1818 486–487 – manuum, 240–241 narcissus absolute, 1266 – toxicology, 486 2004 Index

– jewelers, 1535–1541 noneczematous contact reactions O – locksmiths, 1555 – erythema and exfoliation, 298–299 occupational and environmental acne – metal industry, 1565 – erythema-multiforme-like reaction – acneiform folliculitis, 336 – musicians, 1583 – clinical feature, 295 – aestivalis, 335 – occupational contact dermatitis – histology, 295–296 – chloracne (see chloracne) – car mechanics, 490 – industrial chemical, 296–297 – cosmetica, 334–335 – coins and cashiers, 490–491 – laboratory chemicals, 296 – cutaneous manifestation, 342–343 – construction workers, 490 – metals and chemicals, 296 – etiology and types, 333, 334 – electronics industry, 489 – woods and plants, 296 – mechanica, 335 – hairdressers, 490 – granulomatous reaction, 297–298 – non-cutaneous manifestation – handheld tools, 490 – lichen-planus-like and lichenoid – diagnosis, 345, 346 – metalworkers, 489 reaction, 297 – hepatocellular damage, 343 – miscellaneous occupations and – nodular and papular reactions, 297 – histopathology, 344–345 exposures, 491 – patch test, 295 – long-term health effect, 343 – platers, 489 – pigmented purpuric reaction, 297 – mechanism, 344 – risk exposure, 488, 489 – pustular reaction, 298 – PCT, 343 – wet work, 491 – scleroderma-like reaction, 299 – peripheral neuropathy, 343 – patch testing, 491 nonerythematous ICD, 92 – TCDD, 343–344 – plating, 485 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), 331 – treatment, 345–346 – prevention nonimmunological contact – nonoccupational exposure, 341–342 – clothing, 492 urticaria (NICU) – oil acne, 333–334 – EU nickel directive, 491–492 – agents causing, 1974, 1975 – pitch and coal-tar acne, 334 – exposure reduction, 492 – airborne urticarial reactions, 181 – tropical acne, 335–336 – protective gloves, 492 – animal testing methods, 1975 occupational asthma – production, 485 – bradykinin, 815 – bird breeders, 955 – prognosis, 492 – human testing methods, 1975–1977 – LMW sensitizer, 956 – skin exposure assessment, 488 – molecular structure, 1974 – shellfish, 951 – stainless steel, 485, 486 – nonspecific histamine release, 1973 – welders, 1730 – systemic exposure, 491 – prostaglandin blockers, 1974 – wheat flour, 951 NICU (See nonimmunological contact – prostaglandins, 1957 – wood dusts, 953 urticaria) – sensitive skin and nerves, 1974 occupational connective tissue disorders niobium, 1536, 1541 – skin penetration, 218 – dermatopolymyositis, 320–321 NIOSH (see National Institute for – stinging, 1975 – lupus erythematosus, 319–320 Occupational Safety and Health) – symptoms of, 1973 – mixed connective tissue disease, 318 niosomes, 751 – systemic effects, 1974 – rheumatoid arthritis, 321 nitrile gloves, 221 – vasoactive substances, 815, 1957 – Sjo¨gren’s syndrome, 318–319 nitro-derivatives, 1568 nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) – SLDs (see scleroderma-like diseases) nitrofurazone, chemical structures and – BCC (see basal cell carcinoma) – SSc (see systemic sclerosis) references, 1820 – epidemiology, 66–67 occupational contact allergens nitroglycerin, chemical structures and – epidermal tissues, 67 – AAS, 969–972 references, 1820 – lifetime cumulative exposure, 68 – chemical methods nitro–5-imidazole compound, 1816 – prevention, 74–75 – bisphenol A, 973 o-nitro-phenylenediamine – risk factors, 68, 69 – chromate, 973 (ONPPDA), 1480 – SCC (see squamous cell carcinoma) – formaldehyde, 974 2-nitro–4-phenylenediamine, chemical – welders, 1729 – nickel, 972–973 structures and references, 1819–1820 nonoxynols, chemical structures and – gas chromatography, 969–971 NMF (see natural moisturizing factors) references, 1820–1821 – HPLC, 969–971 NMSC (see nonmelanoma skin cancer) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – ICP-MS, 972 N,N-dimethylformamide, 329 (NSAIDs) – infrared spectrophotometry, 972 nodular and papular reactions, 297 – organic sunscreen filters, 166, 167 – mass spectrometry, 972 nonaqueous fluids (NAFs), 1586–1587 – photosensitivity, 156 – NMR, 972 nonaqueous/oil-based fluids, – phototoxic reactions, 156 – pH measurement, 965 1586–1587 – skin and lesional distribution, 150 – spot tests, 968 non-DGEBA (see non-diglycidyl ether of North American industry classification system – thin-layer chromatography, 968–971 bisphenol A) (NAICS), 50 – UV-VIS spectrophotometry, 969–972 non-diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A novolac resin, 583, 584, 588 occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) (non-DGEBA) NRL (see natural rubber latex) – atopic dermatitis – ACD, 571 NSAIDs (see nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory – apprenticeship, 205 – epoxy resins, 560, 562 drugs) – atopic skin disposition, 206 – low-viscosity resins, 575 nurse’s cap alopecia, 280 – clinical presentation, 208–209 – TGIC, 571 nyloprint, 1656 – management, 209 Index 2005

– multiplicative effect, 206 – materials, chemicals and – ICU, 1956–1957 – PACO, 204–205 chemistry, 935 – laboratory workers and biologist, – pathogenesis, 206–207 – open and semi-open tests, 938–939 1965–1966 – POSH, 205 – patch test, 938 – management and prognosis, 226 – PROMETES, 204, 205 – patient history, 935–936 – metals and metallic salts, 223 – skin atopy, 203 – photopatch tests, 938 – NICU, 1957 – cement, 529, 530 – prick tests, 939 – NRL gloves, 219, 221 – child daycare workers, 1369–1370 – reading time, 940 – occupational allergies, 1965 – cobalt, 506–507 – ROATs, 939 – pharmaceutical industry, 1968, 1969 – dental personnel (see dental, personnel) – skin exposure, 936–937 – plants and derivatives inducers, 219, 222 – emollients, 1053 – test concentration and vehicle, – plastics industry, 1968, 1970 – essential oils, 462 939–940 – symptoms, 1955, 1956 – fragrances, 450, 455–457 – prognosis, 54–55 – tropical and obeche woods, 1965 – genetic susceptibility, 1169, 1172, 1174 – atopy association, 1101 – uncertain mechanisms, 1957–1958 – hand eczema, 1115–1116 – chronicity, 1101 – vegetal and animal proteins, 219–221 – incidence and prevalence – epidemiology study, 1097–1098 – veterinarians, 1965 – ACD, 52–53, 55 – influence of gender and age, occupational dermatitis, 1453–1454 – age distribution, 52, 54 1098–1099 occupational dermatology history – atopic dermatitis, 52, 55 – job change, 1100–1101 – baseline series, 63 – cohort study, 53–54, 56 – occupational irritant vs. allergic – Bernardino Ramazzini, 37–38 – ICD, 52–53, 55 contact dermatitis, 1099–1100 – De morbis artificum diatriba,38 – intervention effect, 52 – preventive education, 1101 – Galen, 37 – national registry, 51 – risk factor, 57 – Hippocrates, 37 – notification, 51 – surveillance – historical aspects, 41 – potassium dichromate sensitization, 52 – allergens/irritants, 61 – impact, 40 – severe or recurrent skin disease, 52 – BKH-S and-N project, 61 – Jadassohn-Bloch technique., 41 – intervention, 55–57 – clinical contact allergy data, 61–63 – Josef Jadassohn, 40 – military personnel – contact allergy data, 61 – patch test, 63 – clothing and accessories, 1571 – contact sensitization, metal, 60 – poison ivy dermatitis, 39 – combat gases, 1568–1569 – definition, 59 – Ramazzini’s Treatise, 38–39 – detergents, 1570 – dermatologists, 60 – Robert Adams, 42–43 – drugs, repellents and – EPIDERM, 60 – scrotum cancers, 39 antiperspirants, 1571 – OPRA, 60–61 occupational exposure – environmental contact – public health, 59 – aluminum, 522 dermatitis, 1570 – skin diseases/disorder, 59 – arsenic, 522 – explosives, munitions and fuses, 1568 – statistics, 59–60 – beryllium, 523 – insect bites, 1570–1571 occupational contact urticaria (OCU) – mercury, 524 – intentional skin damage, 1572 – agriculture, 1964 – platinum, 524 – nickel/cobalt sensitization, 1572 – antibiotics, 223 occupational exposure limits (OELs), 74 – oils, fuels and solvents, 1568 – chlorothalonil, 225 occupational hand dermatitis, 1197 – paints, 1570 – cow dander, 1964–1965 occupational hand eczema (OHE), 13, 15 – patch tests with allergens, 1569–1570 – cow’s dander, 224 occupational haptens and irritants, 1427, 1428 – plants, 1570 – CUS, 1955 occupational hazards – weapons and arms, 1570 – diagnosis of, 1970–1971 – arsenic, 70–71 – nickel – ethyl alcohol, 222 – ionizing radiation, 71 – car mechanics, 490 – food industry workers – PAHs, 71 – coins and cashiers, 490–491 – chronic hand eczema, 1964 – UV radiation, 71–73 – construction workers, 490 – egg allergy, 1962 occupational MRSA infection – electronics industry, 489 – enzymes, 1961 – prevalence – hairdressers, 490 – FCHS, 1960, 1962, 1963 – antimicrobial peptides, 1089 – handheld tools, 490 – food-derived protein allergens, – hand eczema, 1089–1090 – metalworkers, 489 1958, 1959 – health-care workers, 1089 – miscellaneous occupations and – fruit and vegetable allergy, 1962 – stratum corneum integrity, exposures, 491 – oral allergy syndrome, 1960 1090–1091 – platers, 489 – PCD, 1958 – prevention and therapy – risk exposure, 488, 489 – preservatives, 1961 – antibiotics, 1091–1092 – wet work, 491 – profilins, 1962 – compliance, 1092 – pitfalls – radio-allergen absorbent test, – hand hygiene, 1092 – allergen, 937–938 1960, 1963 – measures, 1092 – clinical symptoms, 937 – hairdressers, 1968, 1969 – Staphylococcus aureus, 1087–1088 – experience and motivation, 935 – health-care workers, 1967–1968 – strains, 1088 2006 Index

occupational physicians reporting activity occupational skin disease (OSD) – vitiligo-like skin diseases, 81 (OPRA), 1298, 1310 – borreliosis, 82 – work-place related risk reduction, occupational rhinitis – carpenter, 1337 1177, 1178 – food handling, 951 – crop plants, 1434–1435 occupational urticaria (OU), 217 – molds grow, 955 – epidemiology occupation exposure – Plantago psyllium, 954 – atopic dermatitis, 916 – ISCO–08, 48–49 – plant material, 954 – contact dermatitis, 916 – ISIC Rev. 4, 49 occupational skin cancer – hand eczema, 915–916 – JEM, 45 – actinic (solar) keratoses, 70 – incidence, 915 – NACE Rev.2, 49–50 – arsenical keratoses, 70 – NOSQ–2002, 916 – NAICS, 49–50 – BCC, 1080–1081 – prevalence, 915 OCD (see occupational contact dermatitis; – carcinogens, 1242 – survey, 915 occupational contact dermatitis (OCD)) – chemicals – erysipeloid, 79–80 octachlorodibenzodioxin, 339 – arsenic, 1244–1245 – farm animals, 1436 octyl gallate, chemical structures and – carcinogenicity, 1244 – hazardous cutaneous exposure, 1415 references, 1821 – coal tar and bitumen, 1243–1244 – mechanical causes octylisothiazolinone, 1552 – hydrocarbons, 1242, 1243 – abrasive materials, 892–893 2-N-octyl–4-isothiazolin–3-one, chemical – classification, 65, 66 – acne mechanica, 894 structures and references, 1821 – cutaneous melanoma, 65 (see also – acro-osteolysis, 895 OHE (see occupational hand eczema) malignant melanoma) – calluses and lichenifikation, 891 oil – epidemiology, 66–67 – cheilitis, 894 – cutting fluids, 723–724 – epidermal skin cancer, 65 – epidermal carcinogenesis, 894–895 – mud, 1586 – financial aspects – friction, 891–892 – MWF, 1565 – compensation, 1083–1084 – gloves, 895 oil rig workers – treatment coverage, 1083 – granulomas, 894 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1592 – ultraviolet light-induced skin – hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis, – carcinogenicity, 1592 cancers, 1084 891, 893 – drilling fluids – hazards – isomorphic koebner – unusual reactions, 1592–1593 – arsenic, 70–71 phenomenon, 894 – WBFs and NAFs, 1586–1587 – ionizing radiation, 71 – microtrauma, 891, 892 – drilling mud, 1586 – PAHs, 71 – nail disorders, 895 – irritant dermatitis, 1589–1591 – UV radiation, 71–73 – posttraumatic eczema, 893 – irritation and sensitization components, – history, 1242 – pounding and pressure, 892 1594–1596 – intraepidermal carcinoma, 70 – pulpitis, 893 – offshore exploration, 1585 – keratinocyte carcinomas, 65 – traumatized skin, 894 – offshore hazards, 1585 – keratoacanthoma, 70 – urticaria, 895 – oil and gas exploration, 1585, 1586 – malignant melanoma, 1081–1083 – metalworkers, 1205 – PPE, 1588–1589 – malignant skin tumors in scars, 73 – primary prevention – preventive measures, 1594 – NMSC (see nonmelanoma skin cancer) – educational program, 1178 – skin injuries/chemical burns, 1589 – prevention – prevention campaign, 1178, 1179 – skin problems, 1589 – for outdoor workers, 74–75 – risk assessment, 1177 – surveillance and assessment, 1593 – primary, 73–74 – skin protection program, – testing procedure, 1593 – prevention and screening 1178, 1179 – WBF and NAF chemical composition, – arsenic, 1248 – psoriasis, 81–82 1586–1587 – artificial source, 1252 – QoL, 13–16 – work areas and potential hazards, 1588 – hydrocarbons, 1247–1248 – query fever, 80 olaquindox – protective cloth, 1249–1250 – rehabilitation, 1183 – chemical structures and references, – solar UVR, 1241, 1248 – secondary prevention 1821–1822 – sun safety program, – dermatologist’s report, 1181 – phototoxic and photoallergic 1250–1252 – hand dermatitis, 1179 dermatitis, 147 – UV index, 1249–1251 – interdisciplinary prevention olefinic terpene, 1798 – SCC, 1079–1080 program, 1180 olive oil, 1561–1563 – tar keratoses, 70 – multistep intervention approach, 1180 omethoate, 1783 ® – UV exposure – occupational dermatitis, 1179 omite , 1829 – artificial sources, 1247 – skin protection program, 1182 online databases and information sources, – health risk methodology, 1245 – tertiary prevention 1235–1239 – NMSC, 1245 – health pedagogic hierarchical, 1182 onycholysis, 256, 258 – prevention, 1247 – multistep intervention concept, 1182 onychophagia, 376 – risk factors, 1245, 1247 – patient dermatological treatment, 1182 onychotemnomania, 376 – solar UVR, 1245, 1246 – retraining, 1183 onychotillomania, 376 – work-related, 1247 – tinea pedis, 80–81 open lamination method, 1304 Index 2007 operating room staff, 1597–1598 – naturally drying oils, 683 paraphenylenediamine (PPD) OPRA (see occupational physicians reporting – PFA hardeners, 682 – azo dyes, 647 activity) – pigments, 678, 686 – azoic coloring, 1748 organic solvents, 1483, 1486 – polyurethane resins, 682–683 – black rubber exposure, 1555, 1556 organization for economic cooperation and – turpentine, 683 – chemical structures and references, 1823 development (OECD), 1148, 1149 – unsaturated polyester resins, 683 – permanent hair dye, 638 organophosphate pesticides, 781–782 – biocides – rubber boots, 648 orthochlorobenzylidene malonitrile (CS), 1569 – BHT, 686 paraquat (dichloride, methosulfate), chemical orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, 996 – chloracetamides, 684 structures and references, 1823 OSD (see occupational skin disease) – chlorocresol, 686 para-tertiary butylphenol-formaldehyde outdoor housecleaning, 1531 – formaldehyde and formaldehyde resin, 1310 outer cuticle, 1935 releasers, 684, 685 parathion, chemical structures and oxacillin, chemical structures and – iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, references, 1824 references, 1822 685–686 paronychia, 256, 259 oxidation-based dyes, 1480 – isothiazolinones, 684 parthenium dermatitis, 181 7-oxodehydroabietic acid, chemical structures – methyldibromo glutaronitrile, 685 parthenolide, chemical structures and and references, 1822 – N-(Trichloromethylthio) references, 1824 oxprenolol, chemical structures and phthalimide, 686 patch test, 554–555 references, 1822 – tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, 686 – ACD, 919, 920 ozone – composition – CAS, 919–920 – concentration, 1611 – acrylic resins, 676–677 – cleaning agents, 924 – irritants, 1610 – alkyds, 676 – clothing, 926 – pulp bleaching, 1607 – antioxidants/antiskinning agents, – concentrations, 1849–1891 ozone and UV treatment, 1283 678, 679 – construction materials, 929 – binder resins, 676 – dental materials, 928–929 P – biocides, 678, 679 – disinfecting agents, 924 PACD (see photo-allergic contact dermatitis) – corrosion inhibitors, 678, 679 – ESSCA, 919 PACO (see Prospective Audi Cohort) – driers, 678 – explosives, 929 paederus dermatitis, 92 – emulsifiers or surfactants, 678 – false-positive/negative test, 930 PAHs (see polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) – epoxy resin compounds, 676 – foods, 925–926 paint – formaldehyde resins, 676 – glues, 927 – coating, 696–697 – natural resins and oils, 676 – greases and oils, 924 – glass, 1501 – photoinitiators, 678, 679 – hair dressing products, 923 painters, lacquerers, and varnishers – pigments, 678 – masseurs, 1561–1563 – aliphatic polyisocyanates, 1603 – plasticizers, 678–679 – metalworking fluids, 924–925 – antifouling paints, 1603 – polyurethane resins, 677 – MSDS, 920–921 – contact allergens, 1601, 1602 – protective or decorative purposes, 675 – nail cosmetics, 923–924 – dry powder spray, 1602 – solvents, 677 – office material, 929 – dusts, 1602 – stabilizers, 678, 679 – paints and lacquers, 929 – isocyanate, 1603 – thixotropic agents, 678 – patient history, 920–921 – manual brushing, 1601 – water-dispersible polymers and – pesticides, 926–927 – roller brushing, 1601 synthetic binders, 677 – photographic chemicals, 929 – sand blasting, 1603 – irritant dermatitis, 679–680 – plants, 925 – spray painting, 1601–1602 – nanoparticles, 675 – plastics, 927–928 – TGIC, 1602 – plastics and glues, 686 – preparation, 929–930 – UV coatings, 1601 – PPE, 687 – products, 922 – wallpaper, 1603–1604 palladium (Pd) – rubber, 927 paints, lacquers and varnishes – jewelers, 1536, 1539–1541 – skin care products, 923 –ACD – patch testing, 525 – test procedures, 920 – benzoyl peroxide, 686 p-aminoazobenzene (PAAB) – toxic/corrosive, 922 – biocides (see biocides) – chemical structures and references, 1748 – vehicle, 1849–1891 – citrus solvent, 683–684 – patch testing, 1480 – veterinarians, 1726, 1727 – colophony, 683 p-aminodiphenylamine (PADA) – woods, 925 – cycklohexanone resin, 683 – chemical structures and references, patient-reported outcomes (PRO), 20–23 – DBTU, 686 1748–1749 paver, 1696 – epoxy resin compounds, 681 – patch testing, 1480 PCBs (see polychlorinated biphenyls; printed – formaldehyde resins, 681 panallergen, 1492 circuit boards) – metals and metal salts, 686 paper mills, 1605 PCD (see protein contact dermatitis) – monoacrylates and parabens, chemical structures and references, PCDDs (see polychlorinated dibenzo- monomethacrylates, 681 1822–1823 p-dioxins) – multifunctional acrylates, 681–682 parahydroxybenzoic acid esters, 1822–1823 PCDFs (see polychlorinated dibenzofurans) 2008 Index

PCNB (see pentachloronitrobenzene) – harmful materials, 1306 – rodenticides, 782 PCP (see pentachlorophenol) – hazards prevention, 687 – toxicity, 770 PCs (see protective creams) – manufacturers and shops, 1931 – types PCT (see porphyria cutanea tarda) – protective clothing, 1249–1250 – inorganic and organometal, 778–779 Pd (see palladium) – skin protection, 770 – pyrethroids, 777–778 pellagra, 152 – solar protective material, 1249 – pyrethrum, 776–777 penicillin – work force, 1588 – solvents, 779 – amoxicillin, 1751 pesticide-related dermatoses pesticides – ampicillin, 1751 – ACD, 772–773 – contact irritants, 1455 – chemical structures and references, 1824 – agricultural industry, 769–770 – permethrin, 1452 – cloxacillin, 1772 – agricultural use, 770 – phytophotodermatitis, 1465 pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) – agrochemical, 772 – skin hazard, 1453 – chemical structures and references, 1825 – broad-spectrum pesticides, 769 PETA (see pentaerythritol triacrylate) – organochlorine fungicide, 785 – carbamate insecticides, 782 pharmaceutical industries 1,2,3,7,8-pentachloro-p-dioxin (PnCDD), 339 – contact dermatitis, 771–772 – analgesic agents, 1622 pentachlorophenol (PCP) – conventional pesticide, 769 – anthelmintics and antiandrogens, 1622 – chlorination, 339 – DEET, 788 – antiarrhythmic agents, 1622 – chronic occupational exposure, 338 – dermal symptoms, 771 – antibacterial agents, 1622 – dioxins contaminate – fumigants – anti-gout agents, 1627 polychlorophenols, 338 – chlorinated hydrocarbon – anti-inflammatory agents, 1622 – pressure-treated lumber, 339 insecticides, 781 – antimalarials, 1627 – wood preservative, herbicide and – dazomet, 780–781 – antimuscarinic agents, 1627 fungicide, 338 – 1,3-dichloropropene, 780 – antineoplastic agents, 1627–1628 pentadecylcatechol, chemical structures and – ethylene oxide, 779 – antithyroid agents, 1628 references, 1825 – metam sodium, 780 – antiviral agents, 1628 pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) – methyl bromide, 780 – anxiolytic sedatives, 1628 – chemical structures and references, 1744 – methyl iodide, 780 – beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents, 1628 – UV-cured ink, 1693 – fungicides – contact allergens, 1622–1627 perchlorethylene fume irritant dermatitis, 179 – captafol, 784 – cough suppressants, 1628 percuateneous penetration, 1935, 1940 – captan, 784–785 – dermatological and gastrointestinal percussion player, 1582 – chlorothalonil, 786–787 agents, 1628 percutaneous absorption – fluazinam, 787 – diuretics, 1628 – acute intoxication, 329–330 – folpet, 785 – halogenated molecules, 1629 – aromatic amine, 330–331 – mancozeb, 786 – hypnotics, 1628 – benzene, 331 – maneb, 785 – immunosuppressants, 1627–1628 – carcinogenic effect, 330 – octhilinone, 787 – local anesthetics, 1628–1629 – chronic intoxication, 330 – PCNB, 785 – neuroleptics, 1628 – dermal exposure, 328–329 – thiram, 786 – non-halogenated molecules, 1629–1630 – hazardous substances characterization, – TM, 784 – opioid analgesics, 1629 327–328 – triforine, 787 – skin reactions types, 1621–1622 – systemic effect, 329 – ziram, 786 – statins and supplementary drugs, 1629 percutaneous penetration – herbicides – sympathomimetic agents, 1629 – absorption, 10–11 – alachlor, 784 – vasodilators and vitamins, 1629 – biological/pharmacological response, 10 – amitrole, 783 pharmacoeconomics – excreta and blood radioactivity, 9 – atrazine, propazine, and simazine, – cost-effectiveness data, 24 – in vitro method,10 783–784 – cost factor, 21–23 – skin cleansing and decontamination, 11 – dichlobenil, 783 – cost predictor, 23–24 – stripping method, 9 – 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 784 – direct cost, 19–20 – surface disappearance, 10 – glyphosate, 782 – economic evaluation, 21 – surface recovery, 9–10 – paraquat, 783 – indirect cost, 19–20 peripheral blood mononuclear cells – phenmedipham, 783 – intangible cost, 19–20 (PBMC), 962 – pyrazon, 783 – patient benefit, 20–21 permeation performance level, 1228 – ICD, 772–773 – QoL and PRO, 22–23 permeation rate (PR), 1228 – miticides, 787–788 phenidone, 1636 persistent post-occupational dermatitis – organophosphate pesticides, 781–782 phenol, 1475, 1476 (PPOD), 98 – patch testing, 773, 776 phenol-formaldehyde resin personal protective equipment (PPE) – permethrin, 788 – chemistry, 583–584 – drilling fluids, 1589, 1594 – pesticide exposure and illness, 770–771 – contact dermatitis and allergy – glove property, 1199 – physical hazards, 788 – chemical burns, 585 – glove usage, 1930 – plant growth promoters and – depigmentation and contact – hand eczema, 1350 inhibitors, 789 urticaria, 585 Index 2009

– irritant contact dermatitis, 584–585 – color film, 1636 phototoxic reactions, 795, 796 – monomers and dimers, 585, 586 – dermatoses, 1636, 1638 photovoltaic roofs, 1683–1684 – phenols, 585 – formaldehyde and formaldehyde phthalic anhydride – p-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde releasers, 1636 – chemical structures and references, resin, 585–588 – irritants, 1636 1826–1827 – o-cresol, 588 – metol, 1636 – UP resins, 599 – o,p-bisphenol F and p,p-bisphenol F, 1760 – patch testing, 1638–1639 phthalocyanine dyes, 1791 – patients hypersensitive, 588 – PBA–1 (Kodak), 1636 physical causes – treatment and prevention, 588 – pH, 1636 – atmospheric factors – use, 584 – phenidone (1-phenyl–3- – anthropogenic factors, 360 phenothiazine, 157, 1770 pyrazolidinone), 1636 – dry flaking facial skin, 360 phenoxyethanol, chemical structures and – prevention and prognosis, 1639 – low indoor humidity, 360 references, 1825 – processes and exposed workers, 1635–1636 – low outdoor humidity, 359–360 phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, chemical – toners, 1636 – VDU, 361 structures and references, 1826 photogravure, 1655 – cold phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, chemical photoonycholysis, 151–152 – chilblains/perniosis, 358–359 structures and references, 1826 phototherapy – climatic factors, 356 phenyldichlorarsine, 1570 – hand dermatoses – frostbite, 357–358 phenylenediamine derivatives, 732 – European Dermato-Epidemiology – immersion foot/nonfreezing cold phenylethyl caffeate, chemical structures and Network (EDEN) survey, 1018 injury, 358 references, 1826 – oral PUVA therapy, 1019 – metabolic heat production, 356 phenyl glycidyl ether – UVA1 irradiation, 1020 – pulling boat hand, 359 – chemical structures and references, – UVB irradiation, 1019 – urticaria and Raynaud’s 1825–1826 – hand eczema, 1012 phenomenon, 359 – hair loss, 1935, 1938, 1939 – oral 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 1018 – heat phenylmercuric acetate, 1552 – UVB-induced apoptosis, 1017–1018 – acne vulgaris and rosacea, 356 N-phenyl-N-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine – UV therapy, side effects, 1020–1021 – electrical burns, 354 (CPPD), 1775–1776 phototoxic contact dermatitis, 813–814 – erythema ab igne, 354–355 N-phenyl-n-isopropyl PPD (IPPD), 297 phototoxic dermatitis – erythermalgia, 355 PHMB (see polyhexamethylene biguanide – chromophore, 147 – herpes simplex, 356 (PHMB)) – photosensitivity, 147 – intertrigo, 356 photoactive furocoumarins, 154 – clinical patterns, 149–151 – miliaria, 355–356 photo-allergic contact dermatitis (PACD) – diagnostic procedures, 157 – thermal burns, 353–354 – ACD, 161 – phototoxicity (see phototoxicity) physical hazards, 256, 1426–1427 – airborne, 180, 181 – piroxicam and olaquindox, 147 phytophotodermatitis, 1464–1465 – CAD, 161, 162 – topical and systemic photosensitizers pigment disorders – cutaneous lupus, 161, 163 – exogenous photosensitivity causing – bleaching product, 287–288, 290 – garlic, 814 agents, 153–154 – epidermal melanin unit – incidence, 162 – photosensitive drugs, 155–157 – epidermal melanocytes and – investigation/factory visit, 172–173 – phytophotodermatitis causing plants, keratinocytes, 285 – mechanism of, 162 154–155 – ethnic skin, 285, 287 – PCT, 161 – UV filters, 154 – melanogenesis, 285 – photohaptens – UV exposure source, 152–153 – skin color and phototypes, 285, 286 – NSAID, 166 phototoxicity – PIH, 286–289 – sunscreens, 163–166 – acute patterns – vitiligo – photopatch testing – acute phototoxic dermatitis, – autoimmune endocrinopathies, 288 – COADEX system, 170 mimicking sunburn, 151 – chemical leukoderma/vitiligo, 290–292 – eczematous reaction, 166 – immediate reactions, 151 – diagnosis, 289 – interpretation, 171–172 – coal tar, 1645 – impact of, 289 – irradiation source, 168 – delayed and late effects, 152 – Koebner phenomenon, 289–290 – MED template, 167 – mechanism –non-segmentalvs. segmental, – standard, 167 – 7-dehydrocholesterol, 148 289, 291 – UVA MED, 168–170 – photocarcinogenesis, 148 – pathogenesis, 289 – UV-opaque material, 168–169 – ROS, 148 – 4-TBP, 290 – photosensitizer history, 162–163 – vs. phototoallergy, 148–149 pigmented purpuric reaction, 297 – phototoxicity, 161 – subacute patterns pigment red 23, 1819 – PLE, 161, 162 – dyschromia, 152 PIH (see post-inflammatory photoengraver, 1423 – pellagra, 152 hyperpigmentation) photographers and photo-lab workers – photoonycholysis, 151–152 pipe fitters, 1653–1654 – allergens, 1636–1638 – pseudoporphyria, 151 piperazine, chemical structures and – chemical processes, 1635 – telangiectasia, 152 references, 1827 2010 Index

piroxicam – dermatoses, 793 – polyurethane resins, 614–615 – chemical structures and references, – herbal medicines, 802 – primary prevention, 617–618 1827–1828 – irritancy, 794–795 – PS, 613–614 – NSAIDs, 156–157 – occupations, 793, 794 – PTFE, 617 – phototoxic and photoallergic – phytophotodermatitis, 795–796 – secondary prevention, 618 dermatitis, 147 – skin reactions, 793 – technological processes, 606 pitch workers – urticaria – thermoplastic resins, 606 – benign proliferative lesions – chemical, 796, 797 platinum (papillomata), 1647 – immunological, 796–798 – jewelers, 1536, 1537, 1540, 1541 – definition and manufacturing plantar pustulosis, 740 – occupational contact allergy, 525 applications, 1643 plant survey and inspection plumbers, 1653–1654 – malignant epidermoid lesions – data collection, 904–905 plumber’s knee, 1654 – epitheliomas and carcinomas, – equipment poison ivy dermatitis, 39 1648–1649 – anemometer, 910 poison oak, 1732 – experimental CTP – colorimetric tubes, 911 polyamide resins, 611 carcinogenesis, 1649 – contact thermometer, 910 polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), 340 – treatment, 1649 – detection pads, 911, 912 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 336, – occupational process exposure – digital camera, 909 339–340 – aluminum, 1644 – dust lamp, 911 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), – chemical and tar recovery, 1643–1644 – hygrothermometer, 909, 910 340, 341 – coal tar enamel, 1644 – light level measurement, 910, 911 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), – coke, 1644 – nickel test kit, 911 337, 339 – metallurgic coke production, 1643 – refractometer and pH meter, 911 polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), 339 – non-heated processes, 1645 – sampling kit, 912 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), 1644 – roofing and paving, 1644–1645 – smoke tubes, 910, 911 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) – oculocutaneous effects – torch and mirror, 910 – dermal exposure, 1644–1645 – ACD, 1647 – OSD, 912–913 – occupational skin cancer, 71 – acute pitch melanosis, 1646 – skin exposure – PACs, 1644 – chronic pitch melanosis, 1646 – identification, 905 – SCCs, 1649 – folliculitis, acne, comedones, and – measurement, 905–908 – skin cancer, 249 cysts, 1646–1647 – workplace survey, 907–909 polyester resins – ICD, 1647 – survey, 903–904 – ACD, 601–602 – photosensitivity and tar plasters, 1603 – ICD, 600–601 erythema, 1645 plastics – saturated, 599 – Shagreen skin, 1646 – alkyd resins, 613 – skin problems, 599 – subacute pitch melanosis, 1646 – allyl resins, 611 – unsaturated, 599, 600 – tar smarts, conjunctivitis and ocular – amino polyethylene gloves, 221 effects, 1645–1646 – melamine-formaldehyde resins, 609 polyethylenglycol (PEG), 616–617 – premalignant epidermoid lesions – para-tertiary-butyl- polyfunctional aziridine, 1745 – pitch acanthomas (pitch warts), 1648 phenolformaldehyde resins, 608 polyhalogenated dibenzofurans (PHDFs), 340 – pitch keratoses, 1647 – phenol-formaldehyde resins, 606–608 polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), 391 – scrotal lesions, 1648 – resorcinol-formaldehyde resins, 608 polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate – prevention methods, 1649–1650 – sulfonamide-formaldehyde resins, 608 (PMPPI), 593 pivampicillin, chemical structures and – urea-formaldehyde resins, 608–609 polymethyl methacrylate, chemical structures references, 1828 – cellulose resins, 611–612 and references, 1743–1744 plant allergens, 1422 – coating, 696 polymorphic light eruption (PLE), 161, 162 –ACD – furfuraldehyde resins, 610 polystyrene (PS), 613–614, 1533 – alstroemeria, 802, 803 – identification code, 606, 607 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 617 – anacardiaceae, 800 – occupational diseases, 617 polyurethane dimethacrylate, chemical – chemistry, 799 – organic macromolecular substances, 605 structures and references, 1744 – compositae/asteraceae, 800–802 – PG–1000 plastic and glues series, 606, 607 polyurethanes (PUs) – hedera helix, 802, 803 – polyamide resins, 611 – 3-glycidyloxypropyl – ivy leaf, 802, 803 – polycarbonates, 610–611 trimethoxysilane, 1747 – mass production and bedding plants, – polyester resins, 612–613 – insulation workers, 1533 798, 799 – polymerization/polycondensation – resins – primulaceae, 802 process, 606 – allergic contact dermatitis, 593–594 – suspected plant contact dermatitis, – polymers, 605 – composition, 591–593 799–800 – polyolefins – dermatoses examination and – tulip bulb handlers, 798, 799 – PEG, 616–617 prevention, 595–596 – aromatherapy oils, 794 – polyethylene, 616 – irritant contact dermatitis, 594–595 – colophony dermatitis, 803 – polypropylene, 616 – pyrolysis products, 591 Index 2011

– skin exposure, 593 – LMW, 956–958 propylene glycol, chemical structures and – urticaria, 595 – mites, 955 references, 1830 polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), 1947, 1948 – molds, 955 propyleneimine, 1745 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – natural rubber latex, 952–953 propylene oxide, chemical structures and – ACD, 1944, 1945 – plant-derived allergens, 954 references, 1830–1831 – allergic rhinitis, 1944 – wood dusts, 953 propyl gallate, chemical structures and – asthma, 1944 – contact urticaria, 943 references, 1830 ® – contact urticaria, 1944 – false positive and negative test result, Proquindox , 1821 – cyclohexanone, 1946 943, 945 Prospective Audi Cohort (PACO), 204–205 – dioxine poisoning, 1946 – high-molecular-weight allergens, 943 prospective metal worker eczema study – dust, 313 – in vivo test methods, 945–946 (PROMETES), 204, 205 – gloves, 1927–1928 – occupational asthma, 943 protective clothing, 1639 – Hcl fumes poisoning, 1946 prick test, 1313 protective creams (PCs) – hepatic angiosarcoma, 1946 prilocaine, 1709 – adverse effects and – occupational hand dermatitis, 1945 primin, chemical structures and references, contraindications, 1218 – patch-testing, 1944 1828–1829 – allergens, 1216–1217 – polyscrapers’ disease, 1946 primulaceae, 802 – efficacy, 1214–1215 – protective properties, gloves types, Primula obconica, 1448 – emollients, 1212, 1217, 1218 (see also 1945–1946 printed circuit boards (PCBs) emollients) – quinophthalone, 1946 – assembly, 1414–1415 – fluorescence technique, 1212, 1213 – Raynaud’s syndrome, 1947 – fabrication, 667, 1414 – gloves, 1212 – rubber gloves allergy, 1945 printed coating, 697 – ingredients effect, 1214 – thiourea compounds, 1946 printing – in vivo and in vitro tests, 1215–1216 polyvinylidene chloride, 1948–1949 – allergens, 1658–1659 – irritants, 1212 polyvinyl nitrate (PVN), 1948 – camera operator, 1657 – lipo/hydrophilic properties, 1214 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 1396, 1702 – compositor, 1657 – penetration models, 1216 polyvinyl resins – dyes, 1659 – RCT, 1217, 1218 – N-vinylcarbazole, 1949 – electrotyper and stereotyper, 1657 – TEWL, 1217, 1218 – polymerization/copolymerization, – finisher-preserver-cleaners, 1658 – three-step skin protection, 1211–1212 monomers, 1943 – irritants, 1658 protective gloves, 1235 – polyvinyl acetal, 1948 – letterpress, 1655 – ASTM, 1225, 1226 – polyvinyl alcohol, 1947–1948 – lithography, 1655, 1656 – biocompatibility, 1228 – polyvinylidene chloride, 1948–1949 – multifunctional acrylic battery, 1659 – classification, 1225–1226 – PVA, 1947 – photoengravers, 1657 – clinical testing, 1229 – PVC, 1943–1947 – photogravure, 1655 – composite materials, 1230 pool cleaner (See swimming pool worker) – photosensitive printing processes, 1656 – corrosive agents, 1230–1231 porcelain nails, 1383 – platemakers, 1657 – detergents, surfactants, and cleansers, 1231 porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), 161, 343 – prevention, 1658 – disinfectants, 1229–1230 post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), – rotary/platen press cleaning, 1658 – double glove, 1232–1233 286–289 – stencil, 1656 – EC-type certification, 1226 posttraumatic eczema, 214, 893 – three-system ultraviolet-light-cured – glove selection, 1231–1232 potassium dichromate, 1109–1110, 1377, 1583 process, 1657 – in vivo testing, 1228–1229 potassium metabisulfite PRO (see patient-reported outcomes) – materials and manufacturing, – chemical structures and references, 1828 procaine (hydrochloride), chemical structures 1226–1227 – winemakers, 1731, 1732 and references, 1829 – medical gloves, 1226 poultry processors, 1641–1642 prodrugs, 433 – microorganisms, 1229, 1232 povidone-iodine (PVP-I), 1702–1704 prohaptens, 1158, 1159, 1161, 1162, 1165 – nanoparticles, 1231 Powered hand tools, 1695 PROMETES (see prospective metal worker – non-powder gloves, 1233 PPD (see paraphenylenediamine) eczema study) – oils, cutting fluids and lubricant PPDA (see p-phenylenediamine) promethazine, 157 oils, 1231 PPE (see personal protective equipment) propacetamol, chemical structures and – penetration/leakage, 1227–1228 p-phenylenediamine (PPDA), 117, 1481 references, 1829 – permeation, 1228 prepreg method, 1303–1304 propargite – personal protective equipment, 1225 prevention of occupational skin disease in – chemical structures and references, – pharmaceutical, 1230 hairdressers (POSH), 204 1829–1830 – photographers and photo-lab prick and intracutaneous and IgE testing – miticides, 787–788 workers, 1639 – allergen sources 2-propenenitrile, 1746 – physical properties, 1227 – enzymes, 952 propineb, 1847 – side effects, 1231 – flour, 947–951 propolis, 1582, 1583 – solvents, 1230 – foods, 951–952 propranolol, chemical structures and – synthetic materials, 1232 – laboratory and farm animals, 954–955 references, 1830 – work-related testing, 1229 2012 Index

protein contact dermatitis (PCD) (see also – TMP, 1606 ranitidine, chemical structures and occupational contact urticaria) – toilet paper, 1616–1617 references, 1833 – bakers, 1273–1274 – toxic agents, 1610–1611 rare allergens, 900–901 – butchers and slaughterhouse worker, 1315 – types of paper, 1606 Raynaud’s disease, 1525 – chronic recurrent eczematous hand – waste paper, 1609 Raynaud’s phenomenon dermatitis, 816 – wood pulping, 1605 – air hammer operators, 1263 – crop plants, 1434–1435 purifiers, 1535 – cold, 356–357 – eczematous reaction, 815 PUs (see polyurethanes) – HAVS, 1261 – farm animals, 1436 pustular and acneiform ICD, 92 – vibration, 310 – food handlers, 951 pustular ICD, 92 Raynaud syndrome, 1947 – immunologic contact urticaria, 482 putties, 1603 RCT (see randomized controlled trials) – laboratory technicians, 1544 PVAc (see polyvinyl acetate) reactive dyes, 1711, 1713 – plants and derivatives inducers, 219, 222 PVC (see polyvinyl chloride) reactive oxygen species (ROS), 148, 365 – poultry processors, 1641 PVP (see polyvinylpyrrolidone) reactive resins, 1575 – type I hypersensitivity, 218 PVP-I (see povidone-iodine) registration, evaluation, authorisation and – vegetal and animal proteins, 219–221 pyoderma gangrenosum, 740 restriction of chemicals (REACH), 1155 – veterinary drugs and feed additives, 1433 pyogenic bacteria, 1709 rennet, 1361 Prototheca zopfii, 1410 Pyogenic coccus, 1641 repeated open application test (ROAT) prurigo-like lesions, 1641 pyrethroids, chemical structures and – allergic/irritant dermatitis, 773 PS (see polystyrene) references, 1831 – leave-on skin care products, 923 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1410, 1666, 1705 pyrethrosin, chemical structures and – metalworkers, 1208 Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis, 237 references, 1831 – occupational dermatoses, leather pseudoporphyria, 151 pyridine, chemical structures and references, industry, 646 psoralens, 1784 1831–1832 – oil rig workers, 1593 psoralen UVA (PUVA), 189, 192 pyrifenox, 1809 – povidone-iodine, 388, 939 psoriasis, 81–82 pyrithione, chemical structures and – quaternary ammonium – acitretin, 1032 references, 1832 compounds, 393 – diagnostics, 350 pyrogallol repeated short-time occlusive irritation test – incidence, 349–350 – chemical structures and references, 1832 (ROIT), 1216, 1217, 1221 – keratinocytes, 349 – Nyloprint process, 1656 repetitive irritation test (RIT), 1215 – occupational contact psoriasis, 350–351 residential roofs, 1684 – palmar, 349 Q resin – prevention, 351 QoL (see quality of life) – epoxy, 1475 – psoriatic tissue reaction, 349 quality of life (QoL) – irritants and allergens, 1476 – pustular forms, 1031–1032 – definition and evaluation of, 20–21 – phenol and bisphenol, 1475, 1476 – vulgaris, 349 – HR-QoL, 13 – polyurethane (see polyurethanes, resins) psoriatic tissue reaction, 349 – NICE guidelines, 16 – resol, 583–585 psychological hazard, 1421 – occupational hand eczema, 15 – resol/novolak, 1310, 1311 pulp and paper worker – self-report questionnaires, 14 resin transfer molding (RTM), 1304 – accidental gassings, 1610 quantitative structure-activity relationship resistance welding, 1729 – allergens, 1610 (QSAR), 1135 resorcinol, chemical structures and – bleaching, 1607–1608 quaternary ammonium compounds, references, 1833 – cancer, 1611 1284, 1286 13-cis-retinoic acid, 1024 – carbonless copy paper, 1614–1615 quaternium–15, chemical structures and retinoids – carbon paper, 1614 references, 1832–1833 – acne, 1031 – colophony (rosin), 1613 query fever, 80 – chronic hand eczema, 1032–1033 – copy paper, 1615–1616 quick lime, 1590 – 13-cis-retinoic acid, 1024 – formaldehyde and formaldehyde resins, quinone, 1784 – dermatological indications, 1030–1031 1613–1614 – hand eczema, 1013 – irritant and allergic contact R – physiological functions and efficacy, dermatitis, 1612 radioallergosorbent test (RAST), 1273, 1274 1025–1026 – irritants, 1610 ragweed (Ambrosia), 1463 – psoriasis, 1031–1032 – modern paper machines, 1606 railroad, 1679–1680 – receptors, 1024 – paper and cardboard manufacture, railroad shop workers, 1679–1680 – retinol-binding protein (RBP), 1023 1608–1609 randomized controlled trials (RCT) – safety profile and side effects – paper dermatitis, 1613 – food industry, 1201–1202 – acitretin, 1028 – paper fibers recycle, 1606 – hand dermatoses, therapeutic regimens, – alitretinoin, 1028–1029 – papermaking, 1605 1018–1019 – bexarotene, 1028 – physical hazards, 1611 – HR-QoL, 16 – isotretinoin, 1029 – sulfate (kraft) pulping, 1606–1607 – protective creams and emollients, – topical retinoids, 1027–1028 – sulfite pulping, 1607 1217, 1218 – tazarotene, 1025 Index 2013

– teratogenic potential, 1029–1030 rubber scombroid fish and ciguatera, 1405 – tretinoin, 1024 – accelerators scoring system, 1909, 1911 – vitamin A, 1023–1024 – allergic contact dermatitis, 729, 730 scrotum cancer, 39 rheumatoid arthritis, 321 – benzothiazoles, 730 sculptors, 1695–1696 rhizoglyphus, 1361 – carbamates, 731 sculptures, 1695 rhodium, 525–526 – mercaptobenzothiazole, 731 scyphozoa (jelly fish), 1406 Rhus toxicodendron (poison ivy), 1462–1463 – thiazoles, 730–731 sea bather’s eruption, 1409 ribonucleic acid (RNA), 72 – thioureas, 731 sebopsoriasis, 180 ROAT (see repeated open application test) – thiurams, 730 seborrheic dermatitis, 180, 1580 Robinia pseudoacacia, 1342 – antioxidants, 731–732 semiconductor assembly, 1414 rodenticides, 277 – artificial rubber, 729 semiconductor wafer fabrication, 1413–1414 ROIT (see repeated short-time occlusive – chemicals, 1710 sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), 1082 irritation test) – contact allergy, 1298 sesquiterpene lactone roller brushing, 1601 – glass, 1500, 1501 – eudesmanolide, 1746 roller coating, 1601 – incidence – lactucin, 1806 ® Rondo-M , 1809 – ACD, 732 – lactucopicrin, 1806 roofers – occupational, 733–734 sesquiterpene lactone mix, 1110 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1687 – patch test populations, 733 Shagreen skin, 1646 – chemical burns, 1686 – Swedish population, 732 shale tar, 1076–1077 – coal tar pitch, 1685 – natural rubber, 727–729 shoes – commercial roofs (see commercial roofs) – skin disease – manufacturers and repairers, 1689, 1690 – erythema and blistering, 1685 – ACD (see allergic contact dermatitis) – occupational dermatoses, 568–569 – European standard allergens, 1685 – ACU, 741 – production and repairing, 567–568 – folliculitis, 1686 – carcinogens, 737 shotcrete, 1575 – irritant contact dermatitis, – contact urticaria, 734 sick building syndrome, 1614, 1615 1686, 1687 – curious skin reactions, 736 silane, chemical structures and – keratoacanthomas, 1686 – diagnosis, 741–742 references, 1833 – melanosis, 1686 – IARC, 737 silica – physicochemical irritants, 1685 – irritant contact dermatitis, – autoimmune diseases, 305, 307 – pitch acne, 1686 734–735, 741 – glass, 1499 – precancerous actinic keratoses, 1686 – respiratory tract, 736–737 – pathogenesis, 308–310 – residential roofs, 1684 – synthetic rubbers, 727, 728 – quartz, 301 – tar smarts, 1685, 1686 – treatment and prevention, 742–744 silk-screen workers roof plumbing, 1653 – vulcanization and rubber additives, – allergens, 1691, 1692 ROS (see reactive oxygen species) 729, 730 – bis-GMA, 1692–1693 rosin ruthenium, jewelers, 1536 – brushing ink, 1691 –ACD – dyshydrotic eczema, 1691 – health effects, 477 S – epoxy dimethacrylate, 1693 – occupational exposure, 476–477 Saccharomyces ellipsoidium, 1731 – ink allergens, 1693 – screening patch test, 473–475 sand blasting, 1603 – irritants, 1691, 1692 – skin exposure, 475–476 sand mixers, 1475 – prevention, 1693 – chromatographic analysis, 468 sand molds – Saatigraf emulsion, 1692 – components, 472–473 sanitary plumbing, 1653 – stencils, 1691 – contact allergy, 473 saw blades, 1503 – TPGDA, 1692–1693 – dehydrogenation, 469, 471 SC (see stratum corneum) – UV-curable emulsion, 1691, 1692 – Diels-alder derivatives, 470–471 scabies-like lesions, 1641 silver – disproportionated rosin, 469, 471 SCC (see squamous cell carcinoma) – allergic contact dermatitis, 1539–1540 – esters, 469–470 Schistosoma species, 1409 – argyria, 1638 – formaldehyde modified rosin, 471 scleroderma-like diseases (SLDs) – bluish-gray discoloration, 526 – gum rosin, 467–468, 473–475 – aromatic hydrocarbons, 315–316 – soldering., 1537 – HARPA, 468–469 – bis(4-amino–3-methylcyclohexyl) single ply roofs (SPRs), 1682 – hydrogenation, 469, 471 methane, 313–314 Sjo¨gren’s syndrome, 318–319 – masseurs, 1561 – chlorinated hydrocarbons, aliphatic skin bioengineering – oxidation products, 468, 469, 474 hydrocarbons, 314–315 – allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, – resinates, 471 – mercury chloride, 318 993–994 – skin sensitization, 472 – pesticides/herbicides, 316, 318 – bioinstrumentation, 992–993 – structures of resin acids, 468, 469 – PVC dust, 313 – noninvasive optical microscopy, 997 – tall oil rosin, 467–468, 474–475 – solvents, 316–318 – occupational dermatology, 991–992 – usage and legislation, 471–472 – vinyl chloride (VC), 312–313 – skin irritation prediction, 998–999 – wood rosin, 467 – vs. SSc, 311 – skin pH, 997–998 royal jelly, 1300, 1301 scleroderma-like reaction, 299 – skin roughness, 997 2014 Index

– stratum corneum – prognosis, 1902 – dermatopharmacokinetics – barrier function, 994 – and risk, 1896–1897 – absorption assays, 1134 – moisture and electrometric – severity, 1901 – penetration assays, 1134 properties, 994–995 – synergy, 1902 – Stratum corneum, 1133–1134 – structure, 995–997 – time scale, 1902 – ICD – ultrasound shear wave propagation, 997 – liquids, 1899 – contact urticaria syndrome, – vasodilation, 997 – location, 1903 1142–1143 skin biopsy – measurement, 1899 – Draize-type tests, 1140 – clinical requirements, 977 – patches, 1899 – epidermal equivalent, 1141–1142 – histopathologic diagnosis – probability, 1903 – excised skin, 1142 – histochemical stainings, 981, 982 – risk rating, 1903 – human irritation test, 1140–1141 – IgG deposition, 981, 983 – routes of exposure, 1898–1899 – irritation and paresthesia, 1143 – melanin absence, vitiligo, 980, 981 – skin wipes, 1900 – Non-Draize animal study, 1140 – normal pigmentation of, vitiligo, – solids, 1899 – single-cell assays, 1141 980, 981 – tape stripping, 1900 – skin equivalent, 1142 – site selection, 978 – task definition, 1897–1898 skin-picking syndrome, 275, 374 – tissue fixation, 979 – task selection, 1898 skin prick tests (SPT), 820–822, 1724, 1726 – tissue sampling skin granulomas, 894 skin protection, 1211–1212 (see also emollients; – excisional biopsy, 978 skin health surveillance protective creams) – local anesthesia, 978 – absenteeism, 1906 skin protective products – punch biopsy, 978 – antibody testing, 1907 – ACD, 539–541 – shave biopsy, 978–979 – biological monitoring, 1907 – barrier creams, 540–541 skin burns, 1543 – economic benefits, 1905–1906 – CDEA, 540 skin cancer – organizational benefits, 1906 – copolymer, 542 – arsenic, 248–249 – patch testing, 1907 – cumene, 539 – BCC (see basal cell carcinoma) – presenteeism, 1905, 1906 – guinea pig model, 539 – cutaneous carcinoma, 248 – prick testing, 1907 – ICD, 539–541 – malignant melanoma, 247 – psychological and social effects, 1906 – isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, 541 – nonmelanoma, 247 – questionnaires, 1908–1909 – methyldibromo glutaronitrile, 540 – PAH, 249 – skin condition measurement – methylisothiazolinone, 540 – pilots and aircrew, 250 – elasticity, 1910 – n-octane, 539 – p53 tumor suppressor gene, 251 – erythema, 1913, 1914 – patch test, 539 – SCC (see squamous cell carcinoma) – hydration, 1911–1912 – photoallergic contact dermatitis, 541 – tar, 249 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1911 – protective gloves, 540 – trauma, 250–251 – monitoring skin health effects, 1908 – ROAT, 539, 540 – UV and ionizing radiation, 249–250 – quantitative, 1910 – Sorbolener, 540 – UV exposure, 248 – raising skin awareness, 1911 – sunscreens, 539–541 – welding, 249 – subclinically damaged skin, 1911 – systemic absorption, 541 skin carcinoma, 1529 – TEWL, 1912–1913 skin protothecosis, 243–244 skin color/erythema, 1121–1122 – skin functions, 1905 skin-regeneration products, 1531, 1532 skin-conditioning products, 1531 – system set up, 1914–1915 skin sensitizers skin effects, 521, 522 – type IV sensitization, 1905 – buehler test, 1148–1149 skin exposure – visual and tactile assessment – classification, 1147–1148 – airborne, 1898 – first-line, 1909 – EC3 value, 1151, 1152 – assess significance, 1901 – monitoring skin health effects, 1908 – GHS classification criteria, 1151–1152 – bag wash, 1900 – normal vs. damaged skin, 1909, 1910 – GPMT, 1149–1150 – bioavailability, 1903 – responsible person, 1909 – ICCVAM evaluation, 1150–1151 – biological and biological effect – scoring system, 1909, 1911 – LLNA, 1149, 1150 monitoring, 1900, 1901 skin irritants and allergens – mouse vs. human predictive test – chemicals identification, 1898 –ACD thresholds, 1151 – detection pads, 1900 – Buehler test, 1137 – OECD, 1148, 1149 – duration, 1903 – Draize test, 1135–1136 SLDs (see scleroderma-like diseases) – effects, 1895–1896 – Freund’s test, 1137 slimicides – extent, 1902 – guinea pig sensitization test, 1135 – photographers and photo-lab – fluorescence, 1900 – human sensitization assays, 1138, 1139 workers, 1639 – frequency, 1903 – maximization test, 1138 – pulp and paper industry, 1608, 1609 – full suit, 1899 – open epicutaneous test, 1136–1137 soaps, 1531 – gas, 1899 – optimization test, 1137 sodium arsenate, 1753 – hazard – QSAR, 1135 sodium bisulfite, chemical structures and – detectability, 1902 – repeated-insult patch test, 1138 references, 1834 – determination, 1898 – split adjuvant test, 1137 sodium hypochlorite, 1285 Index 2015 sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), chemical stellite sun protection structures and references, 1834 – antimicrobial agents, 1504, 1505 – highway construction workers, 1529, 1530 sodium metabisulfite, chemical structures and – brazing, 1503 – pitch workers, 1650 references, 1834 – cobalt-chromium superalloys, 1503 sun protection factor (SPF), 74–75, 1249 sodium methyldithiocarbamate, chemical – formaldehyde releasers, 1504 sunscreens, 163–166 structures and references, 1834–1835 – grinding, 1503–1504 surgeons, 1597, 1598 sodium shale oil sulfonate, 1076 – metal matrix composites, 1503 swimming-pool granuloma, 1286 sodium sulfite, chemical structures and – preventive measures, 1505 swimming pool worker references, 1835 stencil, 1656 – allergic effects solar urticaria, 225 sting – benzalkonium chloride, 1704 solder flux, 1298, 1414 – arthropods, 1456 – chloramine, 1703 solvent – bumblebees, 1455 – chlorine, 1703 – dyes, 1711 – contact irritants, 1455 – copper and copper sulfate, 1704 – glass, 1500 – hymenoptera, 1460–1461 – PVP-I, 1703–1704 – railroad shop workers, 1679 St John’s Wort, 277 – sodium hypochlorite, 1703 solvent red 23, chemical structures and stoke-on-Trent pottery industry, 1360 – cancer, 1706 references, 1835 stonemasons – cutaneous infection sorbitan sesquioleate, chemical structures and – allergens, 1696–1697 – Aeromonas hydrophila, 1705 references, 1835 – engravers, 1695–1696 – erythematous verrucous papule, 1704 ® Sorbolene , 540 – gravestones and sculptures, 1695 – folliculitis, 1705 spearmint oil, 1266 – hand-arm vibration, 1695, 1696 – fungal and viral infections, 1705–1706 spectinomycin, chemical structures and – irritants, 1696 – hydration and occlusion, 1705 references, 1835–1836 – paver, 1696 – Molluscum contagiosum, 1705 SPF (see sun protection factor) – restorer, 1696 – Mycobacterium marinum, 1704–1705 Sphyraena spp., 1410 – sculptors, 1695–1696 – Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1705 spices – silica dust, 1695, 1696 – superhydration, 1705 – allergic contact dermatitis, 807 – skleroderma, 1696 – swimming pool granuloma, – aromatic plants, 807 – stone-cutter, 1695 1704–1705 – chronic hand dermatitis, 808 – vibration-induced vasospastic – tuberculous, 1704 – contact dermatitis, 807–808 disease, 1696 – irritant dermatitis – epicutaneous and intracutaneous stratum corneum (SC), 3–5 – algaecides, 1701 tests, 807 strictures, 1951 – benzalkonium chloride, 1703 – origin, 807 strimmer dermatitis, 155 – bromine, 1702 – polymorph eruption, 808 string player, 1582 – chemical burns, 1702 – skin reactions, 808 stripping with adhesive-coated discs, – chlorine, 1701–1702 – skin tests, 808 996–997 – copper and copper sulfate, 1702–1703 spot-welding, 1729, 1730 styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), 1269 – iodine, 1702 spray drying, detergent worker, 1399 subacute cutaneous lupus (SCLE), 161 – pool chemicals, 1701, 1702 spray painting, 1601–1602 subungual pulpitis, 1258 – quaternary ammonium ions, 1703 SPT (see skin prick tests) sugar artists, 1271, 1699 – sanitizing agents, 1701 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 65 sulfa-drug analogs, 156 – sodium carbonate, 1702 – actinic keratoses (AKs), 67, 68 sulfites, winemakers, 1731 – sodium hypochlorite, 1702 – distribution and etiologic factors, 67 sulfonamide antibacterials, 156 – UV radiation, 1701 – follow-up and prevention, 1080 sulfur dioxide symptomatic dermographism, 225 – forestry worker, 1455 – concentration, 1611 synthetic rubber gloves, 1226 – mountain guides, 1578, 1579 – elemental sulfur, 1607 systemic contact dermatitis, 176 – nonsurgical local treatment – irritants, 1607 systemic insult, 1935, 1936 options, 1080 sulfuric acid, 1500, 1501 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 161 – nonsurgical systemic treatment – acid/alkali burns, 1951 systemic sclerosis (SSc) options, 1080 – animal models, 1952 – Caucasian population, 301 – occupational skin cancer, 1244, 1245 – chemical burns, 1951 – crystalline silica and organic solvents, – PAHs, 71 – first aid, 1953 321, 322 – risk factors, 68, 69 – heat of reaction, 1951 – epidemiological and clinical aspects – skin cancer, 247–251 – histological examination, 1952 – CERR, 305 – surgical treatment options, 1079–1080 – injury mechanism, 1952 – clinical features and laboratory – UV radiation, 72–73 – long-term effects, 1953 findings, 303 SSc (see systemic sclerosis) – neutralization process, 1953 – edematous scleroderma, 303 stainless steel, jewelers, 1536, 1541 – prognosis, 1953–1954 – Leipzig group, 302, 303 standard erythema dose (SED), 73 – systemic toxicity, 1952 – lung fibrosis, 302, 303 steady-state permeation (SP), 1228 sun exposure, 1454, 1455 – nonsclerotic skin, 303 stearin, 1327 sunlight radiation, 1529, 1679, 1680 – pneumoconiosis, 304 2016 Index

– pulmonary silicosis, 304 TCS (see topical corticosteroids) – disperse dyes, 1712 – sclerodermia and occupations, 301 TDI (see toluene diisocyanate) – European legislation, 1717–1719 – serum immonoglobulin E, 303 tear gases, 1568–1569 – formaldehyde resins, 1713 – silica exposure and silicosis tea tree oil, 1266 – irritant chemicals, 1714 association, 305–307 Tedania ignis, 1408 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1713–1714 – subluxing arthropathy, 303 telangiectasia, 152 – natural and synthetic untreated – trichloroethylene, 304 telogen, 1936 fibers, 1711 – HLA association, 310–311 – vs. anagen hair loss, 1937 – occupation-related cancer, 1715–1717 – silica – effluvium, 1935–1937, 1939, 1941 – prevention, 1714–1715 – autoimmune diseases, 305, 307 – hair loss, 266, 275–276 – reactive dyes, 1713 – pathogenesis, 308–310 – medications, 1938, 1939 – resins and allergens, 1714, 1715 – quartz, 301 – occupational exposure, selenium, – textile dyes series, 1714, 1715 – silicon, 307–308 1939–1940 – thin layer chromatography, 1714, 1716 – and SLDs, 301, 302 – phenyl glycidyl ether, 1939 thallium, 1938–1939 – vibration, 310 – selenium disulfide, 1939 thatched roofs, 1684 systemic toxicity, 521 – thallium, 1938–1939 thebaine, chemical structures and terpenes, 1776 references, 1838 T terramycin, 1642 The Health and Occupation Reporting talon noir, 1662 tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD), Network (THOR), 1310 tandem repetitive irritation test (TRIT), 1216 chemical structures and references, 1836 thermal injury, 1271 tanning tetrabutylthiuram disulfide (TBTD), chemical thermofax (heat process), 1616 – agents, 1074 structures and references, 1836 thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP), 1606 – leather industry, 1551 tetrabutylthiuram monosulfide (TBTM), thermoplastic roofs, 1682 – shoe manufacturers and repairers, 1689 chemical structures and references, 1836 thermoset membrane roofs, 1682 tantalum, jewelers, 1536, 1541 tetrachloroacetophenone, chemical structures Thespesia populnea, 834 tap water iontophoresis and references, 1836–1837 thiabendazole, chemical structures and – dyshidrotic eczema, 1067–1068 tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB), 340 references, 1838–1839 – factors influencing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin thiazoles, 730–731 – current direction, 1063 (TCDD), 338 thimerosal, chemical structures and – duration of therapeutic sessions, tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (TCPN), 1320, references, 1839 1063–1064 1323, 1325, 1486, 1487 thiolactic acid, 1514 – electrolytes addition, 1064 tetrachlorosalicylanilide, 117 thiomersal, 391–392 – maintenance treatment, 1064–1065 tetracyclines, 156 thiophanate-methyl (TM), 784 – optimized method, 1065 tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, chemical thiourea, chemical structures and references, – pulsed current, 1065–1066 structures and references, 1744 731, 1839 – side effects, 1065 tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD), chemical thiuram – history of, 1062–1063 structures and references, 1837 – compounds, 1515 – hyperhidrosis tetraethylthiuram monosulfide (TETM), – mix, 1788 – definition, 1061 chemical structures and references, 1837 – shoe manufacturers and repairers, 1690 – pathogenesis of, 1061 tetraisobutylthiuram disulfide (TITD), threshold limit values (TLVs), 701, 703 – prevalence of, 1061 chemical structures and references, 1837 thrombocytopenic purpura, 1491 – mechanism of action, 1066–1067 tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), Thuja plicata, 834–835 – in occupational skin diseases, 1069–1070 chemical structures and references, 1838 thymoquinone, chemical structures and – practial use of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM), references, 1839–1840 – contraindications, 1069 chemical structures and references, 1838 tick bite, 1453, 1455–1459 – definition, 1068 TEWL (see transepidermal water loss) Time and Extent Application (TEA), 165 – indications, 1068 textile dyes tin, 526 – iontophoresis apparatuses, 1068 – anthraquinone, 639 tincture of benzoin (TB), 1571 – procedure, 1068 – azo, 639–640 tinea capitis, 279–280 – quality control, 1069 – basic and direct dyes, 640 tinea corporis, 239–240 – side effects, 1069 – dye-fixing and dye-coupling agents, 640 tinea cruris, 240 tar acne, 1529 – fiber-reactive, 640 tinea pedis, 80–81, 240 tar keratoses, 70, 1529 – skin metabolism, 638 tioconazole, 1769 tar smarts, roofers, 1685, 1686 – vat, 640 tixocortol pivalate, chemical structures and tar warts, 71 textile fibers gloves, 1226 references, 1840 tattoo artists, 1709–1710 textile workers TLVs (see threshold limit values) tazarotene, 1030 – allergic contact dermatitis, 1713–1714 tobacco worker, 1371–1373 T-cell receptor (TCR), 120, 121 – automatic dye and dyeing machine, toenail dystrophy, 256, 258 T cells (see allergic contact dermatitis) 1711, 1712 toluene–2,5-diamine, chemical structures and TCPN (see tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) – azo dyes, 1711, 1716–1719 references, 1840 TCR (see T-cell receptor) – dermatitis diagnosis, 1714 toluene–2,4-diisocyanate, 1553 Index 2017 toluene diisocyanate, chemical structures and triglycidyl isocyanurate, chemical structures – Fitzpatrick’s skin phototypes, 869, 870 references, 1840–1841 and references, 1842–1843 – incident optical radiation, 865 toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resin trihalomethanes (THMs), 1706 – skin cancerogenesis, 869 (TSFR), 1382 N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-N- – tissue and organ response, 865 tool maintenance, 1503 (vinylbenzyl)ethylenediamine – trigger factor, 869 topical corticosteroids (TCS) monohydrochloride, chemical structures – UV-induced immunosuppression, – adverse events by treatment, 1040–1041 and references, 1843 867–869 – classification and efficacy, 1037–1039 2,4,6-trimethylol phenol, chemical structures – vitamin D metabolism, 867 – cutaneous inflammation, 209 and references, 1843–1844 – wavelength-dependent organ – indication for, occupational dermatology, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), response, 866–868 1038–1039 chemical structures and references, 1745 – prevention and screening – systemic corticosteroid treatment, trimethylthiourea, chemical structures and – artificial source, 1252 1041–1042 references, 1844 – protective cloth, 1249–1250 – systemic side effects, 1041, 1042 Triplochiton scleroxylon, 1342 – solar UVR, 1241, 1248 – therapeutic recommendations, tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) – sun safety program, 1250–1252 1039–1040 – chemical structures and references, 1745 – UV index, 1249–1251 tosyl chloride, chemical structures and – silk-screen workers, 1692–1693 – radiation references, 1841 tris (N-hydroxyethyl)hexahydrotriazine, 399, – artificial UV sources, 861–864 toxic oil syndrome, 278 403, 405–408 – characterization, 864–865 toxicology, 486 trombidiasis, 1456 – electromagnetic spectrum, 860, 861 toys safety, 1328 TST (see trichloro-s-triazinetrione) – spectral distribution, 860–861 TPGDA (see tripropylene glycol diacrylate) tuberculosis cutis, 1548 – sun, 861, 863 transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS), 327 Tulipa, 1447 – radiometry transepidermal water loss (TEWL) tulipalin A and tulipalin B, chemical structures – actinic quantity measurement, – atopic dermatitis, 202 and references, 1844 871–872 – emollients, 1219 tulip dermatitis, 1447–1448 – chemical and biological, 872 – protective creams (PCs), 1217, 1218 tuliposide A, chemical structures and – conditions and measurement – skin condition measurement, 1912–1913 references, 1844 methods, 870–871 – skin irritation, 1120–1121 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), 206 – outdoor survey assessment, 872, 873 transfersomes, 750 tunnels, 1575 Universal Declaration of Human Rights traumatic blisters, 1491 turpentine, 1486, 1487 (UDHR), 28 traumatic ICD, 92 tylosin, chemical structures and references, unsaturated polyester (UP) resins traumatic injuries, 1455 1844–1845 – ACD, 601–602 traumiterative ICD, 92 type I-allergy, 1300–1301 – ICD, 600–601 tree moss, 1455 type–1 Th cells, 120 urea formaldehyde resin triacetin, chemical structures and type–2 Th cells, 120 – insulation workers, 1534 references, 1841 – leather industry, 1553 trial-and-error method, 215 U urethane acrylate, chemical structures and tributyltin oxide, chemical structures and ultraviolet exposure (UV) references, 1745–1746 references, 1841 – artificial source and exposure limit values urticaria trichlorfon, 329 – eyes and skin protection, 874 – brake-lining worker, 1310 trichloroethane, chemical structures and – ICNIRP, 874, 875 – contact urticaria (see contact urticaria) references, 1841 – IRPA, 874 – diagnosis, 225–226 trichloroethylene, chemical structures and – potential hazards, 874 – histopathology, 986 references, 1841–1842 – workplaces, 875 – immunologic (see immunological contact trichloromethane, 1284, 1286 – causation urticaria) trichloro-s-triazinetrione (TST), 1701, 1702 – artificial sources, 1247 – management and prognosis, 226 Trichophyton verrucosum, 279 – health risk methodology, 1245 – occupational urticaria (OU), 217 trichoteiromania, 377 – NMSC, 1245 – physical urticaria, 225 trichotillomania, 376–377 – risk factors, 1245, 1247 – polyurethane, 595 tricresyl phosphate, 1553 – solar UVR, 1245, 1246 urticarial papules and plaque eruptions triethanolamine, chemical structures and – cured printing inks, 637–638 (UPPEs) (see erythema-multiforme-like references, 1842 – occupational UV exposure levels reaction) triethylene glycol dimethacrylate – artificial UV sources, 880–882 urushiol, chemical structures and (TREGDMA), chemical structures and – biological effects, 876 references, 1845 references, 1744–1745 – environmental, 876 US bureau of labor statistics, 59 tri-ethylene tetramine (TETA), 1592, 1593 – personal UV dose, 876–877 usnic acid, chemical structures and triethylenetetramine, chemical structures and – solar-exposed workplaces, 877–880 references, 1845 references, 1842 – photobiological effects UV (see ultraviolet exposure) triforine, chemical structures and – epidermis, 865–866 UVC-induced exacerbation, 1729 ® references, 1842 – erythema, 869 Uvinul , 1755 2018 Index

UV light exposure, 1338 – prophylaxis and treatment, 1668 – oral mucosae symptoms, 1733 UV protection factor (UPF), 74 – scrumpox, 1667 – patch testing, 1733 – skiers, 1667 – potassium metabisulfite, 1732 V – Verrucae vulgaris, 1667 – sulfur dioxide, 1731, 1732 vaccinia, 233 virginiamycin, chemical structures and – white wine, 1732 varnish, 1483–1487 references, 1846 woods vegetables and fruit visual and tactile assessment – ACD, 826–827 – ACD, 811–813 – first-line assessment., 1909 – Australian blackwood, 827–828 – contact urticaria, 814–815 – monitoring skin health effects, 1908 – Australian silky oak, 831–832 – ICD, 811 – normal vs. damaged skin, 1909, 1910 – ayan, 831 – ICU, 815 – responsible person, 1909 – canalete, 829 – irritant ingredients, 811, 812 – scoring system, 1909, 1911 – cocus, 828 – NICU, 815 visual display units (VDU), 361 – contact urticaria, 826 – PCD, 815–817 vitamin A, 1023–1024 – coromandel, 831 – photo-allergic contact dermatitis, 814 vitiligo-like skin diseases, 81 – Dalbergia species – phototoxic contact dermatitis, 813–815 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 1244 – cocobolo, 829–830 – sensitizing ingredients, 813, 814 – east Indian and Brazilian rosewood, – skin reactions, 811, 812 W 830, 831 vegetative roofs, 1683 water, 1447 – grenadil, 830 verifax (Eastman Kodak), 1615–1616 – barrier, 841–843 – Diospyros celebica, 831 verrucae vulgares, 1580 – confocal laser microscopy, 842 – Diospyros crassifolia, 831 Verrucae vulgaris, 1667 – hydration injury, 841–843 – Diospyros ebenum, 831 veterinarians – ILB, 841, 842 – dust (sawdust) – allergic contact dermatitis, 1724 – miscible coolants, 1557 – airborne contact dermatitis, – contact urticaria, 1724 – percutaneous penetration, 841, 843 1465, 1486 – diagnostic work-up, contact dermatitis, – plumbing, 1653 – contact allergens, 1455 1726–1727 – Raman spectroscopy, 842, 843 – contact irritants, 1485 – hand/forearm dermatitis, 1723 – stratum corneum, 841 – contact urticaria and contact – insecticides, 1726 – swelling, 841–843 dermatitis, 1484 – irritant contact dermatitis, 1724 water-based fluids (WBFs), 1568, 1586–1587 – extraction machinery, 1483, 1485 – protective gloves, 1723 water-based mud, 1586 – patch testing, 1486–1487 – recurrent hand dermatitis, 1723 WBFs (see water-based fluids) – phenol-formaldehyde resin, 1488 – skin tests, 1724 Websites, 1235–1239 – skin hazard, 1453, 1463 – zoonotic infections (see zoonotic welding, 1729–1730 – incense cedar tree, 828 infections) wet work – iroko, kambala, 829 vibratory urticaria angioedema, 225 – definition, 840–841 – Khaya anthotheca, 832 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 1409–1410 – epidemiology and significance, 839–840 – Khaya senegalensis, 832 Vibrio vulnificus, 1409 – occlusion, 844–845 – mahogany, 832 vinification, 1731, 1732 – poultry processors, 1641 – Mansonia altissima, 833 vinyl chloride (VC), 1386 – preventive measures, 845 – milowood, 834 vinyl chloride polymerization process, – stone-cutter, 1695 – occupational dermatitis, 825 1946–1947 – water – pao ferro-palisande, 832–833 vinylpyridine, chemical structures and – barrier, 841–843 – pine and spruce, 833–834 references, 1845–1846 – confocal laser microscopy, 842 – rosewood, 829 viral infections – hydration injury, 841–843 – sucupira, 828 – butchers’ warts, 233 – ILB, 841, 842 – teak, 834 – hepatitis B, 234–235, 1668–1669 – percutaneous penetration, 841, 843 – western red cedar tree, 834–835 – hepatitis C, 1669 – Raman spectroscopy, 842, 843 wood tar, 1076 – herpes labialis, 1667 – stratum corneum, 841 writing paper, 1606 – herpes simplex, 234 – swelling, 841–843 – HIV, 1668–1669 wind player, 1582 X – HSV type 1 and type 2, 1667 wine, 1281 xanthates, 1576 – marine-acquired skin infections, winemakers xerographic (electrostatic) 1667, 1668 – alcohol dermatitis, 1733 method, 1616 – molluscum contagiosum, 1667–1668 – allergens, 1732 – orthopoxvirus, 233 – enamel and dental erosion, 1733 Y – parapoxvirus – enzymatic maceration, 1731 ylang-ylang oil, 1266 – bovine papular stomatitis, 232 – fermentation process, 1731 – milkers’ node, 232 – fruit sugars, 1731 Z – orf, 231–232 – fungi, 1733 zinc bis-dibutyldithiocarbamate, chemical – plantar warts, 1667 – maturation, 1731–1732 structures and references, 1846 Index 2019 zinc bis-diethyldithiocarbamate, chemical zinc, jewelers, 1536, 1537, 1539, 1540 zoonotic infections structures and references, 1846–1847 zinc propylene-bis-dithiocarbamate, – dermatophytoses, 1724 zinc bis-dimethyldithiocarbamate, chemical chemical structures and references, – fungal diseases, 1724–1725 structures and references, 1847 1847–1848 – hypersensitivity, 1726 zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate, chemical zineb, 1847 – sarcoptes mites, 1725–1726 structures and references, 1847 ziram, 1847 – skin trauma and inoculation, 1725