✶ F tom kitchIn Explores REE T he culinary gems in our archive ✶

The magazine of the National Library of Scotland www.nls.uk | Issue 23 Summer 2013

return to TREASURE ISLAND WOMEN OF SCIENCE

INSIDE P icturing Africa Livingstone’s expedition into the heart of Africa Theatre fit for aKing’s

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✶ TOM KITCHIN EXPLORES FREE The culinary gems in our archive ✶

The magazine of the National Library of Scotland www.nls.uk | Issue 23 Summer 2013 S tep into summer

RETURN TO TREASURE ISLAND WOMEN OF SCIENCE at the Library As the summer months approach many of us will naturally INSIDE PICTURING be contemplating warmer climes and exotic shores for fresh AFRICA Livingstone’s expedition into perspectives and adventure. That spirit of exploration the heart of Africa appropriately takes centre stage in this latest issue of Discover NLS, where you will find epic journeys undertaken

01 NLS-spring13_COVER.indd 1 03/06/2013 10:41 in the name of science, religious evangelism and pure DISCOVER NLS swashbuckling enterprise. Issue 23 sUMMER 2013 Within these pages we celebrate the bicentenary of the birth of Scotland’s greatest explorer, David Livingstone. CONTACT US Through rarely seen archive materials, our latest We welcome all comments, exhibition looks at how his travels as a missionary across questions, submissions and subscription enquiries. Please uncharted territory in Africa brilliantly unveiled the write to us at the National continent to Victorian Britain. It is a legacy that has been Library of Scotland address below or email [email protected] borne out in stunning period illustrations, paintings and early photographs. FOR NLS We also feature the work of another notable EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Alexandra Miller individual who helped to broaden the horizons of EDITORIAL ADVISER 19th-century audiences. Robert Louis Stevenson’s Willis Pickard Treasure Island continues to enthrall 130 years after its CONTRIBUTORS first publication in book form. Andrew Martin, Curator of Catherine Booth, Bryan Modern Scottish Collections, delves into the history of the Christie, Martin Conaghan, Jackie Cromarty, Chris Fleet, definitive yarn about buccaneers and buried gold. Sally Harrower, Alec Venerable novels are of course only part of the expansive Mackenzie, Nicola Marr, Andrew Martin, David McClay, and ever-growing collections of NLS. Non-print items are Dora Petherbridge, Faye being recorded for posterity too. Thompson, Lois Wolffe We reveal how new regulations are allowing us the right EDITOR to preserve electronic publications such as e-books, blogs Jack Kibble-White and the entire UK web domain. As uncharted a frontier as [email protected] Livingstone’s Africa, this digital landscape will provide an DEPUTY EDITOR ane invaluable account of our social and cultural heritage for r

h Andrew Cattanach andrew.cattanach@ generations of future researchers. coc thinkpublishing.co.uk

m Elsewhere, Science Curator Catherine Booth profiles l o

c the achievements of three pioneering Scottish women l Design Matthew Ball ma scientists – Muriel Robertson, Marion Gray and Isabella : : E

G Sub-editorS Gordon. From advances in marine biology to the field of

PA Anne Boyle, Sian Campbell, S theoretical mathematics, the Library holds many of their

HI Sam Bartlett T , n studies that further knowledge of the world around us. o i Publisher John Innes t With all the regular news and events included as well, [email protected] hibi x I hope there is much in this issue to inspire you to make My art n Wade e

s ADVERTISING Alison Fraser l some important discoveries of your own that will enhance National Librarian alison.fraser@thinkpublishing. co.uk 0141 946 8708 your steps into warmer seasonal climes. and Chief Executive trave

s ’ PUBLISHED by

tone Think Scotland s g Woodside House n i THREE NLS LEARNING ZONE RESOURCES v

i 20-23 Woodside Place L

g Glasgow G3 7QF n i 0141 582 1280 ISSN 1751-5998 (print)

trat 1 2 3 s ISSN 1751 6005 (online) u

ll ON THE ORIGIN THE IDEAS A HOME AWAY I

: a National Library of Scotland OF SPECIES FACTORY FROM HOME c i George IV Bridge Meet the Younger writers Vivid first-hand fr

A Edinburgh EH1 1EW

g ancestors in this will enjoy learning accounts of n

i Telephone 0131 623 3700

r introduction to how to plan their emigration from u Fax 0131 623 3701 t Charles Darwin’s stories before Scotland support c Email [email protected] most famous putting pen to students studying The National Library of book. paper in this online the topic at Scotland is a registered digital.nls.uk/ workshop. secondary level. Scottish charity. Scottish jma/who/darwin/ digital.nls.uk/ digital.nls.uk/ originswf ideas-factory home-away FRONT COVER Pi COVER FRONT Charity No. SC011086

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 3 Discover NLS May 2013_Layout 1 13/05/2013 13:13 Page 1

MANUSCRIPT GUIDE TO SHIPPING SIGNALS AND FLAGS Rare Books, Maps, c.1800, 56 manuscript pages including an index, with a selection of beautiful hand-drawn and coloured flags Manuscripts & Photographs Auction SOLD FOR £5,800 JANUARY 2013

We hold dedicated book auctions in Scotland every January, May and September. We are currently accepting entries for our September 2013 Sale.

For more information, or for a free, no-obligation valuation, please call us on 0131 557 8844, or email:

Simon Vickers [email protected]

Cathy Marsden [email protected]

E D I N B U R G H L O N D O N G L A S G O W The auctions will be held in our Edinburgh Saleroom at 33 Broughton Place, Edinburgh EH1 3RR. 0131 557 8844 | [email protected] For sale details, viewing times and fully illustrated catalogues please visit www.lyonandturnbull.com contents

20

22 6 USING NLS

9 NEWS The latest news and comment, including a celebration of Pride and Prejudice, events at the Library and a project to preserve Scotland’s sound recordings

14 AN EXPEDITION INTO THE ART OF AFRICA Exploring the life and legacy of David Livingstone ahead of a major summer exhibition

19 A CULINARY 14 TREASURE TROVE T he explorer A collection of Victorian recipes who created is just one example of the Library’s amazing collections an enduring image of Africa 20 WOMEN OF SCIENCE Catherine Booth profiles three Scottish women scientists who excelled in their field Contributors to this issue include 22 YO-HO-HO, AND A BOTTLE OF RUM! Andrew Martin investigates the lasting appeal of Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island

27 THE DIGITAL DEPOSIT With new regulations in place to allow libraries to collect online Martin Conaghan Dora Petherbridge Andrew Martin Catherine Booth David McClay media, Bryan Christie explores A journalist Dora is US and The Library’s Catherine is a A Senior Curator in the value of digital publications working for the Commonwealth Modern Scottish Science Curator. Manuscripts, BBC, Martin is also Assistant Curator Collections In this issue she David is the co-author of the at the Library and Curator, Andrew is writes about curator of this 29 MY NLS award-winning writes about a key also involved in the three notable summer’s graphic novel publication with Scots Language Scottish women Livingstone

BRIDGEMAN, MALCOLM COCHRANE MALCOLM BRIDGEMAN, 30 LAST WORD Burke & Hare American origins Centre scientists exhibition at NLS

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 5 using the library Make the most of your National Library

With a collection of more these resources are than 15 million printed The Visitor available on the internet Centre at NLS to customers resident in items, two million maps, Scotland, although 32,000 films, three miles additional conditions may of manuscripts, plus apply in line with our licence agreements. Your thousands of photographs, first port of call to access getting around NLS the Library's licensed digital requires a little navigation collections is https://auth. nls.uk/ldc Additionally, recent NLST LOCA IONS legislation has given NLS Films and the other five legal Scottish Screen Archive deposit libraries in the UK 39-41 Montrose Avenue the legal right to collect, Hillington Park store and preserve the Glasgow G52 4LA and order items from required material in advance nation's memory in the Tel 0845 366 4600 the collections, you need to of your visit to the Library. digital age. There will be a Email [email protected] hold a library card. This Requests can be made in mixture of electronic can be obtained by person, by telephone on content available including Maps completing the online form 0131 623 3820 or 3821, or by websites in the UK domain Causewayside Building at https://auth.nls.uk/ email: [email protected] web archive, and articles/ 159 Causewayside registration. Simply follow In addition, if you have a chapters from e-books Edinburgh EH9 1PH the steps on the website. library card, books can be and e-journals. This Tel 0131 623 3970 On your first visit to the ordered in advance via material can be viewed Email [email protected] Library, you should go to the online catalogue on on Library computers Mon-Fri 9.30am-5pm Registration where staff our website. within the reading rooms (Wed 10am-5pm), will take your photo and More information about of NLS if you are a Sat 9.30am-1pm produce a library card for pre-ordering is available at registered user. you. For proof of identity www.nls.uk/using-the- Other collections and confirmation of your library/reading-rooms/ VISITOR CENTRE George IV Bridge address, bring one or more general/preorders The Visitor Centre at the Edinburgh EH1 1EW documents that include George IV Bridge building Tel 0131 623 3700 your name and address, ONLINE was opened in 2009. Email [email protected] supported by a signature NLS has a vast range of It features an exhibition Mon-Fri 9.30am-8.30pm or photograph. electronic resources, space, a shop selling (Wed 10am-8.30pm), including digital versions of books, stationery and Sat 9.30am-1pm VIEWING MATERIAL reference works, massive gift items, a café and PC If you know what you are full-text facsimiles and terminals with access to HOW TO JOIN looking for, we recommend business databases (see NLS catalogues and other To use NLS’ Reading Rooms making your request for the opposite for a list). Many of digital facilities.

FCO US ON The music collections Scottish songs and sheet also provide access to music from the 18th and The Music early printed music and early 19th century. manuscripts, including the Also of note is the Balfour Collections early-16th-century Carver Handel Collection, formed Since 1925, NLS has choir book. You can also by collector Julian Marshall, amassed more than find modern printed music which contains around 500 300,000 items of musical George from almost all genres of printed music scores and material. There is a variety Frideric music published in the more than 100 libretti, most of musical manuscripts and Handel British Isles. of which were published sound recordings in Among the items held is during Handel’s lifetime. formats ranging from 78s Scottish collections, as the Glen Collection, to compact discs. well as a broad selection containing some 900 pieces For more information go to The collections include of foreign music and of printed material from www.nls.uk/collections/ extensive British and special collections. John Glen including music

6 | discover nls | Summer 2013 Global Business - includes reports of Digital Browser; Orbis and committees and outside ReferenceUSA. bodies on public affairs; For more resources Public Information Online information With more than EDUCATION, SCIENCE and The Making of visit: https://auth. 300 million items, of AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Modern Law – Legal Educational resources Treatises 1800-1926. nls.uk/ldc which 85% is available include ALPSP remotely, NLS’ licensed Learned Journals HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, digital collections are a Science Collection; GENEALOGY superb research tool GreenFILE; You can access John Johnson Collection: JSTOR; 17th & 18th Century an archive of MLA Directory Burney Newspaper printed ephemera; A RT AND LITERATURE of Periodicals; Collection; The Making of the Modern The Library’s digital MLA International 19th Century British World; Oxford Dictionary collections relating Bibliography; Oxford Library Newspapers; of National Biography to art and literature Journals Online; 19th Century UK (ODNB); include Science Full Text Select; Periodicals Part 2. India, Raj & Empire; 19th Century UK Standards Infobase Empire: Travel and Sabin Americana, Periodicals Part 1. and Web of Science. Anthropology, Economics, 1500-1926; Women’s, Children’s, Missionary and Colonial; The Scotsman Digital Humour and Leisure/ GOVERNMENT AND British and Irish Women’s Archive 1817-1950; Sport; British Literary OFFICIAL Letters and Diaries; Times Digital Archive; Manuscripts Online A wealth of political The British Newspaper Waterloo Directory c.1660-1900; information can be viewed Archive; of English Newspapers Naxos Music Library; online, including British Online Archives; and Periodicals 1800-1900 Oxford Music Online; House of Commons InfoTrac Custom and Who’s Who (and Who Perdita Manuscripts – Parliamentary Papers Newspapers; Was Who). Women Writers, 1500- 1700; REFERENCE WORKS AND Scottish Women CATALOGUES Poets of the Romantic Credo Reference Period; Robert Clive of the East gives you access to SCRAN Digital India Company is featured 400 high-quality Materials; in the India, Raj & Empire reference books SUR Digital Archive collection from a range of the and Times Literary world’s leading Supplement Historical publishers. Archive. Early American Imprints, Series BUSINESS 1 – Evans, 1639-1800; Online resources for Early English Books businesses, including Online BCC Research 1475-1700 (EEBO); Reports; 18th Century COBRA – The Collections Online Complete Business (ECCO) Parts 1 & 2; Reference Adviser; Oxford English The Economist Dictionary Online Historical Archive and Oxford Reference 1843-2009; Online. Euromonitor Passport Markets; ACCESSING MATERIAL Factiva; All collections can be FAME; Hoovers; accessed on the Library Insider 500; premises and more Key Note Market than 80% is available Research Reports; outwith the Library Kompass; by customers resident Mint Global; in Scotland. Mintel Market To register to use the Research licensed digital collections Reports; visit https://auth.nls.uk/ OneSource registration bridgeman

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 7 As close as you can get.

With over 15 million items including books, photographs, digital materials, films, manuscripts, journals and maps, you can experience the nation’s story first hand.

RESEARCH n EXHIBITIONS n EVENTS n ONLINE n CAFÉ n SHOP

National Library of Scotland, George IV Bridge, Edinburgh EH1 1EW [email protected] www.nls.uk BOOK FESTIVAL + GEORGE WASHINGTON VOLUMES GO ON LOAN NEWS +CREATIVE RESIDENCIES + SSA’S POIGNANT FILMS + WHAT’S ON +

Then, in July, one of Jane was active around the A splendidly Austen’s best-loved novels turn of the 19th century. illuminated takes pride of place, as Bryce was interested in page from NLS celebrates the 200th the latest advances in the Iona anniversary of the photolithography, which Psalter publication of Pride and allowed larger volumes to Prejudice. The key focus be reduced to the smallest will be the Library’s copy possible size. His of the first edition in the miniature New Testament original publisher’s boards measures only 3cm in (the pasteboard binding, height, but is perfectly often used by publishers legible with the aid of the of this period as a first magnifying glass inset binding). These three into the metal locket that volumes are as they accompanies the Bible. would have been when A magnifying glass of published in 1813. your own might be needed The display will show to appreciate properly how Pride and Prejudice these tiny exhibits! became one of the most popular novels in the The Celebrating Iona English language. display runs until 7 July, Publishers have packaged Pride and Prejudice will be it as nostalgia or hip chick on display from 10 July to 15 lit, illustrators have drawn September, and Miniature Darcy as a Regency buck Books from 18 September and Elizabeth as a zombie to 17 November. slayer, and readers have All treasures created their own modernisations and alternative versions. great and small In September, a little- Medieval manuscripts, first editions and some of the known area of book publishing will be smallest books in the world all feature in the Library’s highlighted. Miniature upcoming programme of treasures to view books (publications of less than 7.5cm) go Dsai pl y Treasures space in the back to the introduction George IV Bridge building. of moveable type, and NLS n May 2013, Iona The Iona Psalter is the has a strong collection of commemorated the centrepiece of the display, these astonishing I arrival of St Columba alongside a selection of items. The 1,450 years ago, and early manuscripts that centrepiece of the marked the foundation of highlight the importance display will be a the Iona Community some of St Columba in Gaelic range of books 75 years ago. NLS is literature. The display also (pictured) produced celebrating the event with features material relating by the Glasgow publisher a display of items in the to the Iona Community. David Bryce & Sons, which

L ibrary Act safeguards future LEGISLATION reinforces the Library’s collections for future general function as a generations. rom February the ‘national resource for Under the terms of the functions and reference, study and Act, the Library will Fgovernance of the bibliography’. However, it require fewer Trustees. National Library of also strengthens the role All appointments are Scotland changed. of NLS in safeguarding made by Scottish The National Library of and sharing the Ministers based on merit Scotland Act 2012 knowledge in its and selection.

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 9 NEWS

‘A melancholy and mournful victory’

CURATOR’S CHOICE two-volume Official Letters to wealthy Dundee jute his soldiers having to ‘wade the Honorable American manufacturer, purchased the through much blood and Dora Petherbridge, US and Congress written during the two volumes with the help of slaughter’ before they ‘can be Commonwealth Assistant war between the United renowned American in possession of a melancholy Curator, tells the story of Colonies and Great Britain by bookseller, Dr Abraham and mournful victory’. Official Letters to the His Excellency, George Rosenbach, and they joined The significance of this Honorable American Washington. Sharp’s extensive library in copy of Official Letters is in Congress, written during This copy of the first Scotland. Following his death part due to the presence of the war between the edition, published in London in in 1937, Sharp’s family made John Carey’s ‘manuscript United Colonies and Great 1795, is unique. It bears its the donation of his entire remarks’. As Carey indicates Britain by His Excellency, author’s signature and collection to NLS where it has his editorial methods to the George Washington contains the manuscript been treasured ever since. President, he reveals the annotations of its editor, John Official Letters comprises political sensitivities of the t the beginning of Carey. The First Minister’s documents written by George young United States and his April, the First presentation prefigures a loan Washington over the first few own fear of exciting AMinister, Alex of Official Letters from NLS to years of the War of ‘uneasiness in the bosoms of Salmond, travelled to Mount the new Fred W. Smith Independence. It allows the persons now living under Vernon, George Washington’s National Library for the Study readers to trace the conflict the Federal government’. Virginia estate on the banks of George Washington. through his eyes while he The books that were of the Potomac River, to It was in 1936 that the served as Commander in handed over by the First present to the library there books last travelled across the Chief of the Continental Minister have a heightened Washington’s own copy of his Atlantic. Hugh Sharp, a Forces. Washington writes of interest at a time when

10 | discover nls | Summer 2013 NLS Curator Dora Petherbridge holds George Washington’s Official Letters, recently presented to the USA

Material from the Bartholomew archive generated fresh ideas C reativity inspired by NLS RESIDENCIES Tom has held a number of writing posts over the years including Scottish/Canadian arlier this year, NLS welcomed award- Writing Fellow at the University of Alberta in winning writer Tom Pow and artist Edmonton. Diane is a former teacher, who EDiane Garrick as creative residents for retrained as a textile artist. Sketching, the Library’s Bartholomew archive. photography and sound recording all The residencies ran from February until contribute to her work. the end of April, and Tom and Diane worked closely with curatorial staff to produce View some of the outcomes of Diane’s NLS a joint piece of work inspired by maps residency at www.dianegarrick.com/ and mapping. category/nls-map-residency

By the numbers The number, in millions, of pages you can view on The British Newspaper Archive, a digital 6.8 resource now available at the Library

Scotland faces a decision WIN A COPY OF WILDLIFE BOOK about independence. COM PETITION

Find out more about Official Where to See Wildlife in Britain and Ireland, Letters at www.nls.uk/ published by Collins, is packed with essential exhibitions/treasures/ information on some amazing conservation american-independence/ official-letters sites. We have five copies to give away. For your chance to win one, all you need to do is answer the following question correctly: Where was the first place in the UK to be assigned as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty? POST YOUR ENTRY, ALONG WITH YOUR ADDRESS, TO: First Minister, Alex Discover NLS Wildlife Competition, Think Scotland, 20-23 Woodside Salmond, presents the volumes to Place, Glasgow G3 7QF, or email [email protected] Curtis Viebranz, (with ‘Wildlife Competition’ in the subject line). Closing date is President of George Friday 26 July 2013. Washington’s malcolm cochrane Mount Vernon

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 11 NEWS

TW O NEW FELLOWS FOR S ounds THE LIBRARY like a TRUSTEES The Governance plan Committee of the Trustees of the Library has awarded Fellowships of the National Library of Scotland to Lady Janet Balfour and Dr William Zachs. Lady Balfour is a former Trustee and Chair of the

Look who’s talking! Library’s Development The sound archive project Committee. Dr Zachs tells all is a scholar and long-term supporter A rCHIve archives and it recommended practice, we can help raise the of NLS. He also that NLS, of which the standard of care and make sits on the Board New project will preserve Scottish Screen Archive is sound collections accessible to of the American collections of recordings now part, was best placed to as many people as possible. provide national leadership in As part of this initiative, Patrons of the arlier this year, the first the provision for, and care of, NLS has been working on an National Library phase of the Scottish sound collections. archive pilot with a Skye- and National Galleries ESound Archive Project The Scottish Sound Archive based digitisation project. of Scotland. began, helped by £100,000 of will be based on a distributed Since 2006, Tobar an funding awarded by the national collection model, Dualchais/Kist o Riches has The Fellowship Scottish Government in June where every organisation is digitised, catalogued and awards are given 2012. The project follows supported in caring for, and made available online more to recognise wide consultation that took place in giving access to, its collections, than 11,500 oral recordings 2009 into sound archive rather than absorbing them from all over Scotland. Some ranging and provision in Scotland. The into a single repository. recordings date back to the exceptional consultation highlighted key It is hoped that with a 1930s, while the most recent contributions made deficiencies in the care of, and number of different Scottish ones were recorded in 2000. access to, sound collections in sound archives working by individuals to NLS. museums, libraries and together and sharing best tobarandualchais.co.uk

L ibrary at the Borders Book Festival OUTREACH presided over by historian to establish the LS will be at the Allan Burnett (pictured right), foundations for the Borders Book Festival, who has written a children’s first successful N which runs from 13-16 book about the conflict, conquest to ‘the top of June in Melrose. The Library based on extensive use of the world’ by Sir will be providing special the Library’s collections . Edmund Hillary and events for schoolchildren On 15 June, original Tenzing Norgay in 1953. and celebrating the 60th material from the Library’s Books, maps and anniversary of the first collection will be on show at photographs that ascent of Everest. four adult workshops that examine the modern On 14 June, the Library will will focus on recently history related to host a special session on the acquired maps of Everest. Everest since Hillary history of the Second World These belonged to the late and Norgay’s triumph War. The event will be Dr Michael Ward and helped will also be on display. malcolm cochrane, mary evans

12 | discover nls | Summer 2013 NEWS

S pring and summer events at NLS Old St Paul’s Church, gives a fascinating illustrated talk on this manuscript from pre-Reformation Scotland.

JEWEL IN THE GLEN: GLENEAGLES, GOLF AND THE RYDER CUP 25 June, 6pm The 40th staging of WN I IF HITLER golf’s showpiece event COMES is returning to Gleneagles – where it all began. COMPETITION John Francis We have three copies of Ed Hodge traces the Campbell Gordon Barclay’s If Hitler history of the Ryder Comes to give away. Cup back to the first To enter, send us the answer All the following events David Livingstone created encounter at Gleneagles to the following question: take place at the National some of the most in 1921 and examines Although since disputed, Library of Scotland, interesting and iconic the impact that the according to his sister-in- George IV Bridge building, images of Africa. 2014 tournament will law, in which British city did unless otherwise stated have on the local Adolf Hitler reside for several JOHN FRANCIS CAMPBELL community and its months from November THE IRISH IN SCOTLAND: AND THE MAKING OF THE wider Scottish society, 1912? ROBERT TANNAHILL POPULAR TALES OF THE culture and economy. 3 June, 6pm WEST HIGHLANDS POST YOUR ENTRY ALONG LOFUL Y BO KED This lecture, 11 June, 6pm WITH YOUR ADDRESS TO illustrated with musical John Francis Campbell is Discover NLS Barclay examples from complete best known today as Competition, Think Scotland, songs of Robert Tannahill, editor of the landmark 20-23 Woodside Place, concentrates on a unique four-volume Popular Tales Glasgow G3 7QF, or email collection of songs – with of the West Highlands discovernls@thinkpublishing. their Irish melodies and (1860-62). Using the riches co.uk (with ‘Barclay subject matter written in of Campbell’s archive, Competition’ in the subject defence of the early Dr Domhnall Uilleam line). The closing date for 19th-century Irish Stiùbhart will recount entries is Friday 26 July 2013. emigrants to Scotland. the inside story of Iain Òg Ìle (Young John of NLS POETRY NIGHT: Islay), his groundbreaking NEW POEMS IN HARRY GILES, TICKLE, project, and his efforts to SCOTS PASS THE BY D Ron AN RACHEL MCCRUM bring his vision into print. SMEDDUM TEST 4 June, 6.30pm 26 June, 6pm POLITICS Tricolour is a new monthly I KNEW A MAN The continuing vitality EXHIBITION series showcasing three CALLED LIVINGSTONE: of the Scots language is A new exhibition, Byron and different poetry and TOTO TALES demonstrated in a lively politics: ‘born for opposition’, spoken word talents. 14 June, 6pm new anthology of will be held at King’s College Through this beautiful 21st-century poems, London from 24 June to PICTURING AFRICA: and powerful storytelling The Smeddum Test. 25 September. ILLUSTRATING performance, discover the Joint editors Lesley On show will be more than LIVINGSTONE’S life of one of Scotland’s Duncan and Alan Riach 50 manuscripts, printed EXPLORATIONS greatest explorers, David introduce the book, books and memorabilia 6 June, 6pm Livingstone. Suitable for and poets Sheila from NLS and the Foyle Join Exhibition Curator children and adults. Templeton and Rab Wilson Special Collections Library David McClay for an read from their own and of King’s College London, illustrated talk on the THE IONA PSALTER others’ work. together with privately Library’s summer 20 June, 6pm loaned objects. exhibition (opens 14 June) LOFUL Y BO KED Stephen Book events online at which examines how the Holmes, a former www.nls.uk/events/ For more information visit. 19th-century Scottish Benedictine monk and booking or call kcl.ac.uk/library/collections/ missionary explorer, now a priest at Edinburgh’s 0131 623 3734 archivespec/exhibitions

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 13 14 | discover nls | Summer 2013 exhibition

An expedition into the art of Africa A new exhibition at the National Library of Scotland explores the enduring appeal of David Livingstone. Curator David McClay tells Bryan Christie of the part illustration and imagery played in creating the legend

xplorers have always held a special place in the public L ivingstone’s travels E imagination, from Columbus provided insights into ‘discovering’ the New World an often misunderstood to Captain Cook landing at Botany Bay continent and Neil Armstrong taking the first step on to the moon. The Scots missionary David Livingstone fully earned his place in this company by becoming the first European to travel across southern Africa from coast to coast. His exploits made him a national hero and his common humanity, which inspired his crusade against slavery, has ensured his legacy lives on. What is less well known is that the extent of his popular appeal owed much to the images Livingstone brought back from Africa. They helped Victorian Britain to understand Africa in a way that words alone world of stunning landscapes, wild could never have achieved. nature, yet ever present danger.’ Livingstone gave shape, form, colour The exhibits include Livingstone’s and substance to a mysterious and original field diaries, with his own often misunderstood continent. sketches, and the compass and The story of how this happened is mapping materials he used when told in this summer’s main exhibition crossing the uncharted ‘dark continent’. at NLS, ‘Picturing Africa: Illustrating On show, too, are some of the earliest Livingstone’s Travels’. It uses original photographs taken of Africa by John and, in some cases, rarely displayed Kirk, and watercolours painted by sketches, paintings, photographs, Thomas Baines, who is arguably one of maps, magic lantern slides and other The explorer, stamped the most important chroniclers of materials to reveal what parts of in living memory Africa in the 19th century. Both Africa looked like to the first accompanied Livingstone on some of Europeans to gaze upon them. Such T he challenges were enormous. his expeditions. was the power of these original images The challenges were enormous. that many have endured to this day. Kirk had to transport glass Kirk had to transport glass plates ‘You don’t have to know much about plates and heavy camera and heavy camera equipment and he Africa or be particularly interested in equipment and he and Baines and Baines had to work in inhospitable, David Livingstone to get something hot and humid conditions. Baines from this exhibition,’ says NLS Curator had to work in inhospitable, hot later wrote about the problems he

David McClay. ‘It is a window into a and humid conditions encountered in sketching Victoria Falls, bridgeman, malcolm cochrane

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 15 exhibition

Travels and Researches in South Africa (1857), which went on to become a The heroic reputation bestseller and helped cement of the man grew, as Livingstone’s enduring reputation. this image shows It was released by the renowned publisher, John Murray, but not without some pain. Livingstone was keen to ensure that the key message about the need to end slavery was not diluted. He wrote to Murray to complain about some other suggested changes: ‘I must positively resist any attempts to tamper with or emasculate the book.’ ‘It was a campaigning book and it had a definite agenda,’ explains David McClay. ‘Livingstone wanted it to be right and wanted it to have his vision.’ Missionary Travels sold 70,000 copies at a time when similar saying ‘… though an artist may work in I cannot but feel books sold an average wet shirt or shoes, he cannot work thankful that it formed of 1,000 to 1,500 copies, with wet paper’. such a material part of O ne of John Kirk’s and was perhaps the my early education; and, photographs most popular travel book EARLY LIFE were it possible, I should of the era. The images that It was a far cry from Livingstone’s life like to begin life over again in ran alongside the text were in Blantyre, Lanarkshire. His family the same lowly style, and to pass crucial to its success, says David. was poor and David was working in the through the same hardy training.’ ‘If it had just been text based, it would cotton mills by the age of 10. He It was that selfless determination not have sold so well.’ continued to study after a 12-hour (others considered it to be pig- John Murray employed some of the working day and eventually saved headedness) that seems to have best artists of the day to produce the enough money to go to medical school. allowed him to be able to withstand the engravings that illustrated the text, These formative experiences made many setbacks he faced throughout including the popular image of him the self-made, driven individual he his life. That determination is also Livingstone being mauled by a lion. later became. He wrote, subsequently: apparent in his refusal to accept These illustrations were then widely ‘Looking back now, at that life of toil, changes to his manuscript, Missionary reproduced by the newspapers of the

Getting to know the man

The Livingstone It will introduce journey of 1,500 story will be the audience to a miles that took 80 brought to life at a range of characters people eight special family- including Princess months to friendly theatrical Manenko, who complete. Twelve production at NLS stood up to of them died along that will run during Livingstone; the the way. It shows the Edinburgh Arab traders to the love that native Festival Fringe. whom he was often people felt for Toto Tales, a indebted; and Susi Livingstone, such theatrical and Chuma, his that they would go storytelling loyal converts who to these company, will carried his body extraordinary and was often was clearly I Knew a Man explore his life from from the village of lengths to ensure criticised for his something special Called Livingstone the perspective of Ilala to the coast, his body was reckless and about him. runs from 7-21 some of his African where it was sent returned to his dangerous attitude The audience will August and starts friends. It will back to England to homeland. to his expeditions. trace the footsteps at 4pm. Tickets are examine why he be buried in The production However, he of this remarkable available from the was so loved and Westminster will show the treated people with man, going, literally, Fringe Box Office so different from Abbey. explorer, warts and kindness and where no white and can also be other explorers of This was an all. Livingstone was respect most of man had ever bought on the day

bridgeman, malcolm cochrane the time. extraordinary not an easy man the time and there gone before. at NLS.

16 | discover nls | Summer 2013 You don’t have to know much about Africa or be particularly interested in David Livingstone to get something from this exhibition. It is a window into a world of stunning landscapes, wild nature, yet ever present danger xxxxxxx

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 17 exhibition

‘Livingstone’s journeys were illuminating the manuscript with seen as a great patriotic and successive wavelengths of light. Livingstone’s diary can now be read for geographical feat at a time of the first time in 140 years and offers a an expanding empire’ new insight into his legacy.

day, such as The Graphic and The AN ENDURING PRESENCE Illustrated London News, ensuring they ‘Livingstone has never really left us reached a much wider audience. as a popular figure,’ says David. They were also copied on to magic ‘The issues he was concerned about – lantern slides, which were used to poverty and human bondage – are still entertain audiences around the as relevant today as in his time. Two country in geographical and hundred years after Livingstone’s birth, missionary societies, working men’s this exhibition will give an unique clubs and other places of popular insight into how he lived and worked, entertainment. what he thought and – crucially - how ‘This opened Livingstone’s work to a he helped to create an image of Africa much bigger audience – not just people which has endured. who could afford to buy expensive ‘We hope visitors will find the books,’ says David. ‘It helped to make exhibition both entertaining and him the star of the day. He had an informative. It shows how important image as a scientist, missionary and there. It will feature a comparative map Livingstone was in his own time but cartographer. His journeys were seen of Scotland to help highlight the may make people think about why he as a great patriotic and geographical distances travelled by Livingstone and remains such a prominent figure today.’ feat at a time of an expanding empire his party across difficult and often and when Britain was achieving many hostile terrain. ‘Picturing Africa: Illustrating things in many spheres.’ On one of these journeys, Livingstone Livingstone’s travels’ runs from 14 June The exhibition will feature ran out of ink and writing paper but to 3 November at the National Library of Livingstone’s own magic lantern used wanted to continue his diary. He Scotland, George IV Bridge building. in Africa. Other special items are the improvised by making ink from berry original wood blocks, that were used to juice and wrote over the pages of a This summer, a series of talks will take make the illustrations for his books, book and the London Standard. place across Scotland to accompany the which are considered to be some of the Exposed to the African environment, exhibition. Some are already planned finest ever produced. the manuscript deteriorated rapidly but David McClay may be available to The exhibition will also include a and today is badly faded. talk about the exhibition to interested large map of Africa which will display It has been digitally restored, using groups. To find out more contact Livingstone’s three main journeys spectral imaging. This involves [email protected]

L ivingstone online NLS has a number of web resources available for those who want to find out more about David Livingstone. Here are just three.

1. Narrative of 2. David 3. The splendid an Expedition Livingstone, insights of The Library’s The Mr Smiles extensive John Learning In 1859, Self-Help by Murray Archive Zone is a Samuel Smiles (left) holds a wide range resource that was published, of Livingstone- uses the also by Murray. related material. Library’s It proved to be a One highlight is collections to blockbuster and the handwritten explore sold millions of manuscript of educational copies worldwide. the explorer and themes. The It highlights some his brother Charles’ account of the section on of the people, expedition to the Zambezi. This failed Livingstone including to capture the public’s imagination in provides a Livingstone, who the way Missionary Travels and general introduction to the life and Smiles thought Researches in South Africa had. travels of the explorer, and unlocks had the capacity Nonetheless, the original text provides a number of themes related to his work to become self-help a fascinating insight into the hazardous and expeditions. heroes. journey undertaken. www.nls.uk/learning-zone/geography- digital.nls.uk/jma/ digital.nls.uk/jma/gallery/title. and-exploration/themes-in-focus/ who/smiles/ bridgeman cfm?id=22 david-livingstone heroes

18 | discover nls | Summer 2013 Fundraising A culinary treasure Fantastic 19th-century recipes are just one trove example of the Library’s amazing collections mong its collections, a particular item held by NLS A has attracted the interest of one of Britain’s top chefs. Tom Kitchin, Scotland’s youngest Michelin-starred chef proprietor, has been inspired by the Library’s set of recipes from the Victorian era. Katherine Jane Ellice, wife of Edward Ellice of Invergarry, a wealthy businessman and politician, collected the recipes in the mid-19th century and Tom was so taken with them he asked if he could have them reproduced and hung on the walls of his new Edinburgh gastro pub, ‘The Scran and Scallie’. Tom said it was exciting to discover recipes for fish balls, chicken jelly, leg of pork and even simple toasted cheese. ‘The recipes are brought together in a book that is kept at the National Library of Scotland,’ he explains, ‘and I do hope they will continue to inspire cooking for another century or more.’ ‘We have been delighted to work with Tom to source original material for his new restaurant,’ said Olive Geddes, Manuscripts Curator at NLS (pictured inset with Tom Kitchin). The recipes are just one example of items held by NLS. The Library is a registered charity and relies on support to continue bringing the collections to life and making them available to as wide an audience as possible. Fundraising for NLS began in 2006 with the campaign to acquire the world- renowned John Murray Archive. This publishing resource is a fund of letters and manuscripts from more than 16,000 S ecuring a bright future for NLS leading writers. That campaign achieved Whether you are a celebrity chef at the programme. This special membership its objective and, since then, funds top of your game or a student at the scheme offers a range of excellent for many other important projects very beginning of your career, you benefits. Not only do you get invitations have been raised through donations. could find inspiration suddenly strikes to special openings, priority booking for when delving into NLS’ collections. ‘Inspirations’ events and updates on the Working together, we can achieve Library’s development, you can also get so much for the Library, so please up close and personal with some of our make your mark on our future and treasures at exclusive private viewings donate today! with expert curators. If you are feeling inspired on your next visit, then why not make a For more information on the Patrons donation, however small, by and Benefactors programme and other popping it into one of our collection ways to give, please contact the boxes located in the Visitor Centre. Development Team at National Library Alternatively, you can send us a of Scotland, George IV Bridge, Edinburgh cheque to the address to the right EH1 1EW, email [email protected] or join our Patrons and Benefactors or call 0131 623 3733

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 19 COLLECTIONS

Celebrating Scottish women of science The Library recently commemorated International Women’s History Month with a display about eminent female scientists. Their achievements were remarkable at a time when it was difficult for women to make progress in academia. Here NLS Science Curator Catherine Booth profiles three of those astonishing scientists

Isabella Gordon marine biologist. Gordon had a personal audience with the Emperor, and was 1901-1988 made the first honorary member of the Isabella Gordon was born in Keith, Carcinological Society of Japan. In the Banffshire, to a rural family. A bursary same year, she was awarded an OBE. allowed her to remain at school then As well as having an encyclopaedic enter the University of Aberdeen. She knowledge of her field of science, gained a PhD from Imperial College, Gordon had a keen sense of humour, studying echinoderms, and was shown in this interchange with a awarded a DSc in 1928. colleague from Manchester. She had Most of Gordon’s working life was just published a review with the title, A spent as a crustacea specialist in the Thermophilous Shrimp from Tunisia. It British Museum (Natural History), seemed like the first line of a limerick, where she was the first woman to be and he sent her the following: appointed to a full-time, permanent scientific post. During her career she A thermophilous shrimp from Tunisia wrote more than 100 articles, reviews Said: when it gets cold I get busier and reports, often accompanied by I dig a hole hand-drawn illustrations. She was a And fill it with coal; Fellow of both the Linnean and the Then there’s nowhere as warm as Zoological Societies, and gained it is ‘ere. recognition from bodies abroad, including a medal from King Leopold III She replied with: of the Belgians. The idea’s OK – but Aplysia The highlight of her working life was Is the rhyme I should choose for Tunisia an invitation to Japan in 1961 to attend Isabella Gordon’s work on lobsters, as A purist and Scot, the 60th birthday celebrations of reported in The Illustrated London News I simply could not Emperor Hirohito, himself a keen Pronounce it to rhyme with ‘it is ‘ier-r-r!!’

Left to right: Muriel Robertson, Marion Gray and Isabella Gordon Mar ion Gray MU riel Robertson The study of protozoa was 1902-1979 1883–1973 Muriel Robertson’s Marion Gray was born in Ayr, and Muriel Robertson was born in Glasgow, key interest went to The University of Edinburgh. In the seventh child in a family of 12. The 1922 she graduated as top student in children were educated at home, where mathematics and natural philosophy. there was much to stimulate their She won a scholarship to attend Bryn imagination, including books and Mawr College in Pennsylvania, from music, and eminent visitors. where she gained a PhD. Robertson began an arts course at After a spell back in the UK, she was The University of Glasgow, but found appointed to a post in the Department she preferred science subjects. Her of Development and Research of the particular interest became the study American Telephone and Telegraph of protozoa – single-celled organisms. Company in New York. It was there Some of her research was carried out that she made the discovery for which at the back of a fishmonger’s shop in she is best remembered – an unusual Rothesay, where she studied leeches graph with 54 vertices. Three edges under a microscope. Many of them exit each vertex, and the graph is were infected by trypanosomes – semi-symmetrical. It has now been types of a single-celled parasite. demonstrated to be the smallest After graduation, she began work at She examined cultures possible graph of this kind. the Lister Institute of Preventive obtained from war wounds, Medicine in London, where she spent and succeeded in identifying The ‘Gray most of her career. She was appointed graph’ , by the Colonial Office from 1911 to 1914 several species of the bacteria. unusual for to a temporary position in Uganda. Her Her expertise contributed its 54 task was to study the trypanosomes significantly to the later vertices carried by tsetse flies, which caused sleeping sickness. Often travelling production of vaccines alone, Robertson carried out her research, publishing several papers on which caused serious infections the subject. Electron microscopy in cattle. Robertson collaborated techniques many years later confirmed with a Belfast veterinarian and, after her observations. years of research, they managed to Thinking it was a theoretical Following the First World War, she find out how these infections could discovery without practical application, investigated gas gangrene, a common be eradicated. Gray did not publish it. Thirty-six years cause of death among soldiers. She Robertson was elected to a later, another mathematician described examined cultures obtained from war Fellowship of the Royal Society in the ‘Gray graph’, and how it could wounds, and succeeded in identifying 1947, only two years after the first asgow

answer questions regarding types of several species of the bacteria. Her women were admitted. l symmetry, and that it came ‘at a time expertise contributed significantly to The last months of her life were G when graph theory was almost non- the later production of vaccines. spent in Limavady, Northern Ireland. existent’. Today it and similar ones are Other work included the study of Apart from science, she loved iversity of n crucial in network theory. protozoa of the genus Trichomonas, embroidery, music and flowers. U Gray later joined the technical staff nterian, at the prestigious Bell Laboratories, u H e

More women pioneers h where she spent more than 30 years. T During that time she produced original nburgh,

papers, plus several hundred reviews i of the work of others. She also served Other prominent Scottish ✢ Dame Maria Gordon fields from the 18th Ed on a committee which prepared a scientists include: 1864-1939, geologist and century onwards can be ✢

Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Elizabeth Blackwell palaeontologist found on the Library’s iversity of n She was well known for her support c.1700-1758, amateur ✢ Victoria Drummond Learning Zone at U of junior colleagues. One wrote of the botanist and artist 1894-1978, marine nls.uk/learning-zone/ time he was working in Bell ✢ Elizabeth Fulhame, engineer science-and-technology/ thematics, a

Laboratories in 1957: ‘In [my active between 1780- ✢ Charlotte Auerbach women-scientists M calculation], I was helped by a little 1794, chemist 1899-1994, geneticist You can also research old lady, Marion Gray, one of Bell’s ✢ Mary Somerville 1780- ✢ Marion Ross 1903-1994, and read about the work finest mathematicians at that time.’ 1872, mathematician, physicist and continuing legacy (Schulz-DuBois, E. O., Bell Systems astronomer and scientific More information on of all these pioneering Technical Journal, 38, 1959.) communicator Scottish women who women scientists in After her retirement, Gray moved ✢ Williamina Fleming made outstanding the Library’s science back to Edinburgh. 1857-1911, astronomer achievements in scientific collections. shutterstock, Department of

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 21 LITERATURE Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum! In 2013, Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island was selected as one of just 20 titles to be distributed to celebrate World Book Night. Andrew Martin considers the enduring appeal of perhaps the archetypal sea-faring tale

n a chill September morning, His writing started with a sketched by the cheek of a brisk fire, map of the island, which is a feature of O and the rain drumming on most editions even today – ‘The next the window, I began the Sea thing I knew, I had some paper before Cook, for that was the original title. me, and was writing out a list of chapters.’ Stevenson wrote to his So wrote Robert Louis Stevenson, friend, WE Henley, that: ‘It is all about a remembering the writing of his first map, and a treasure, and a mutiny, and great success, Treasure Island. One … a sea cook with one leg’ and soon hundred and thirty years discovered that the pirate yarn after its first publication, found favour with his family as World Book Night 2013 he wrote a chapter a day chose Treasure Island as and read to them in the one of its titles for evenings. Delighted with distribution, alongside his son’s work, the elder works by writers as diverse Mr Stevenson contributed as Rose Tremain, EH nautical atmosphere from Gombrich, Ian Fleming and his own memories and fellow Scots, Alexander imagination – as well as McCall Smith and Jackie the detail of the contents Kay. The only ‘classic’ on of Captain Bones’ sea the list, Treasure Island chest at the Admiral needs no introduction. It is Benbow inn. one of the most famous An enthusiastic visitor titles in Scottish – and was eager to take the world – literature, and unfinished manuscript its characters must be away to a publisher, but among the most readily ‘15 days I stuck to it, recognised, even by those and turned out 15 who have dim memories of chapters, and then, in reading the original book. the early paragraphs of the The Treasure Island map Stevenson wrote 16th, ignominiously lost from the 1883 edition Treasure Island on a hold. My mouth was empty; wet holiday in Braemar. there was not one more word of ‘It blew a good deal and rained in Treasure Island in my bosom; and here proportion,’ he said. Queen Victoria were the proofs of the beginning was at nearby Balmoral and, already waiting for me …’ apparently, frequently ventured out in The first chapters of the serial her carriage, but the bad weather kept version of the book were already being Hywel Bennett as Long John Silver an ill Stevenson indoors in what was published in the periodical, Young Folks in an adaption of Treasure Island known as ‘the late Miss McGregor’s – under the pseudonym ‘Captain at the Edinburgh Festival Theatre cottage’, entertaining his young step- George North’ – when Stevenson had son, Lloyd Osbourne. his attack of writer’s block with chapter

22 | discover nls | Summer 2013 Silver is wily, silver-tongued, ambiguous and dangerous

S tevenson and his wife, Fanny, on the Marquesas Islands

Only Fanny, Stevenson’s wife, was less than enthusiastic – ‘tedious’, she said. Most readers over the years are unlikely to share her opinion, although once it was a success, she claimed she had liked it all the time 16, but in Davos in Switzerland, where he spent the winter, he sat down with the unfinished tale and ‘it flowed … like small talk’ again, at the rate of a chapter a day. Stevenson received 34 pounds for the serial version in 1881 and two years later was offered rather more for the book rights – ‘a hundred, jingling, tingling, golden minted quid. Is this not wonderful?’ he wrote to his mother. Only Fanny, Stevenson’s wife, was less than enthusiastic – ‘tedious’, she said. Most readers over the years are unlikely to share her opinion, although once it was a success, she claimed she had liked it all the time, and certainly the World Book Night panel described it as being ‘every bit as brilliant as its reputation’. The hundreds of editions in all languages, the picture books, the stage, film, radio and television adaptions, and the sequels are testimony to its enduring appeal. Once you pick up the slim volume, you will soon be lost in the fast-paced tale of Jim Hawkins, a treasure map, and the various salty and sinister characters he encounters. Just how much vivid action and death did Stevenson pack into the first five chapters alone? It is a book full of incident and colourful characters – Stevenson grabs your attention from page one with the arrival of Captain Billy Bones at the Admiral Benbow with his sea chest, rum, and his pirate songs, but let’s not forget Blind Pew tapping his way down the lane, and later, the marooned Ben Gunn, hankering for cheese. Central to Treasure Island, however,

is the character of Long John Silver, bridgeman

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 23 L ong John Silver gets into a monetary dispute in this scene from the book as illustrated by John Cameron

24 | discover nls | Summer 2013 LITERATURE

The Sea Cook of the original title, who we find first at the sign of the Spy- Kermit and co glass on the dockside in Bristol: ‘His left with their own leg was cut off close by the hip, and idiosyncratic take on under the left shoulder he carried a RLS’ masterpiece crutch, which he managed with wonderful dexterity, hopping about upon it like a bird. He was very tall and strong, with a face as big as a ham – plain and pale, but intelligent and smiling.’ No mention of the parrot Cap’n Flint and his catchphrase, ‘Pieces of eight! Pieces of eight!’ Silver, or ‘Barbecue’ as his mates call him, is wily, silver-tongued, ambiguous and dangerous, yet appealing to the Hispaniola’s young cabin boy, Jim Hawkins. He is the most enduring and influential pirate creation of them all, and a very different kettle of fish from the romantic pirate types who feature later in novels and Hollywood films. There are no swashbuckling Errol Flynns or Tyrone Powers, or even T REasure ISLAND ON FILM AND TV Johnny Depps in the ‘Boy’s Own’ adventure that is Treasure Island! It is no surprise that Long John Silver in recently Eddie remarkably faithful Spirited and fiery illustrations cinema and Walt Disney’s 1950 Izzard have also Treasure Planet, The memorable characters and television have version – a gift for been among the where Jim sails off settings of Treasure Island have found Treasure impersonators. charismatic into space with a attracted many distinguished Island such an Wallace Beery performers who cyborg Silver. As a illustrators over the years. The original attractive preceded him in have hoisted on the lover of puppet serial publication in Young Folks had proposition, and no MGM’s 1934 parrot and peg leg, theatre, he also the conventional artwork of the time, doubt many of us adventure, where with varying might have found and the first illustrated book edition had our first taste his loveable rogue degrees of success. something to followed in 1885, to the delight of the of Stevenson at the screen persona Stevenson would admire in Muppet author who described it as being ‘so cinema or in our made Silver less have been excited Treasure Island full of fire and spirit’. Walter Paget was living rooms. sinister, perhaps, by the attention his with its surprise the first single illustrator in 1899, and Robert Newton has than the author book has received casting of Miss notable artists who followed his lingered long in the intended. Orson on the screen, Piggy as the success, adding colour and expression, memory with his Welles, Charlton presumably, and marooned were John Cameron and NC Wyeth. ripe portrayal of Heston and more delighted by the Benjamina Gunn. More recently, very different and distinctive interpretations have come from Mervyn Peake and Ralph island, via a visit to Mr don’t fetch the kids, why, Steadman. Treasure Island has often and Mrs Silver. they have gone rotten been adapted as a comic book in the since my day.’ And he Classics Illustrated vein. In Scotland, NLS’ TREASURE TROVE was right. Readers today, Dudley D Watkins, the famed creator of We have hundreds of of all ages, can still The Broons and Oor Wullie, was called copies of Treasure Island share the excitement in by DC Thomson to illustrate their at the Library, from the that the author and his adaptation of the famous book in his earliest to the newest family felt on those own inimitable style. editions, including wet days in Braemar in Famously, Stevenson leaves the end handsome editions for 1881 as Treasure Island of Treasure Island open – Jim returns birthdays and Christmas, took shape. home and Silver is left at large but bookstall paperbacks, Fifteen men on the there is still plenty of Captain Flint’s adaptations, picture, dead man’s chest. Yo-ho- treasure left on the island. A number of comic and audio books, ho, and a bottle of rum! writers have subsequently picked up books of the film, stage the tale. Most recently, Andrew Motion, versions, sequels, and the former Poet Laureate, chose this as translations in many We have hundreds of copies of the subject of his Silver: Return to languages of the world, including Scots. Treasure Island at the Library, Treasure Island, which brings together World Book Night has reminded us from the earliest to the newest Jim Hawkins junior with Natty, that a good story told by a great writer daughter of Long John. The tale takes never loses its appeal. Stevenson editions, including … picture, the second generation back to the thought he was on to a winner – ‘If this comic and audio books alamy, bridgeman

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 25 A Champion ( A person who defends a person or cause )

Would you like to be remembered as

a champion? We are offering you the opportunity to be remembered as a Champion of Older People.

A legacy gift from you will support initiatives that improve the lives of older people across Scotland. It’s a worthy tribute that will both honour your memory and empower older people.

When you visit your solicitor Age Scotland please remember Age Scotland (Dept NLS) in your will. Causewayside House 160 Causewayside Edinburgh EH9 1PR

Charity No: SC010100

Age Scotland is a charitable company limited by guarantee and registered in Scotland. Reg no: 153343 Charity No: SC010100. Registered Office: Causewayside House, 160 Causewayside, Edinburgh, EH9 1PR.

Legacy Ad (Half Page Horizontal) NLS.indd 1 13/10/2012 12:32:18 P.B.F.A. THE SCOTTISH GENEALOGY SOCIETY LIBRARY & FAMILY HISTORY CENTRE Visit our fascinating genealogy BOOK FAIRS library in the heart of Edinburgh's in SCOTLAND 2013 historic old town. We hold Scotland's largest M.I. June Sat 8 SCOTTISH BORDERS collection.... ALL of Scotland's old The Corn Exchange, Market Square, Melrose TD6 9PN. parish records.... an extensive book 10-5. £1 and microform/CD collection.... evening research classes.... over 1000 genealogical titles for sale. Sat 22 EDINBURGH We're open five days a week, except Radisson Blu Hotel, 80 High Street, Royal Mile, Friday & Sunday. Edinburgh EH1 1TH. 10-5. £1 For further information contact: 15 Victoria Terrace, Edinburgh, EH1 2JL. July Thur 25- SKYE ANTIQUARIAN BOOK FESTIVAL Tel. & Fax. 0131-220 3677. Sat 27 Aros Cultural Centre, Viewfield Road, Portree, [email protected] Skye IV51 9EU On-line shop @ http://www.scotsgenealogy.com 25th 12-5.30. 26th 9-5.30. 27th 9-4.30. Free

August Sat 3 FORFAR Reid Hall, Castle Street, Forfar DD8 3HX. 10-5. £1 Sun 4 BALLATER McNaughtan’s Victoria Hall, Station Square, Forfar AB35 5QB. 10-5. £1 September Sun 29 ABERDEEN Bookshop Hilton Treetops Hotel, 161 Springfield Road, Aberdeen AB17 7AQ 10-5. £1 3a & 4a Haddington Place Edinburgh EH7 4AE October Sat 19 EDINBURGH Telephone 0131 556 5897 Radisson Blu Hotel, 80 High Street, Royal Mile, Edinburgh EH1 1TH. 10-5. £1 email [email protected] PBFA, The Old Coach House, www.mcnaughtansbookshop.com 16 Melbourn St, Royston, SG8 7BZ Tel: 01763 248400 email: [email protected] Second-hand and antiquarian bookshop with gallery at For up to date fair details basement level on Leith Walk. Tuesday - Saturday 11am - 5pm www.pbfa.org www.booksatpbfa.com

McNaughtons_May11.indd 1 23/05/2011 11:25 COLLECTIONS The digital deposit NLS’ Bryan Christie on why electronic publications are E-pubs now have a home in the UK worth far more than the paper copyright libraries they’re not printed on

windswept bus shelter on Shetland seems an unlikely A location to excite the interest of future historians. However, the Unst bus shelter has its very own website which has been included on a list of 100 online destinations that may be studied in the years to come by historians. These digital repositories all help to show how people in Britain lived in the early part of the 21st century. The bus shelter, which is fitted out with a carpet, couch and drinks dispenser, is an early example of how the internet can project a small local attraction on to the global stage. The 100 websites list was compiled by NLS and the other five legal deposit libraries in the UK and Ireland to celebrate the passing of regulations which allow these bodies to collect and preserve websites and other electronic publications in the same way that books have been collected for hundreds of years. The list includes familiar names such as Amazon, eBay, the BBC, TripAdvisor, The Library, in a landmark development, is now curating electronic content, from Amazon to Unst Gumtree and Mumsnet and was put together as an example of the kind of information that will be stored to help future generations understand how we live today.

Digital heritage legally secured These new regulations, which came into effect on 6 April, are a landmark development. They give legal deposit libraries such as NLS the right to receive a copy of every UK electronic publication including blogs, e-books and the entire UK web domain. They ensure this material can be collected, preserved forever and made available to future generations of researchers, providing the fullest possible record of life and society in the UK in the 21st century for people 50, 100, even 200 or more years in the future. Only a limited amount of material has so far been made available because it will take some time to build up the collection of e-publications and web

shutterstock content. By the end of this year, the

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 27 COLLECTIONS

These new regulations Interior of the allow us for the first time old Advocates to archive valuable digital Library, 1831 information and save it for future generations results of the first live archiving trawl of the UK web domain will be available to researchers, along with tens of thousands of e-journal articles, e-books and other materials. The change has been welcomed by all legal deposit libraries, which have been campaigning for some time to be given the legal right to collect digital content. ‘In the UK we have an outstanding written heritage built up in library collections over centuries,’ says Scotland’s National Librarian, Martyn Wade. ‘These new regulations allow us for the first time to archive valuable digital information and save it for future generations. This is an important step forward and something to be celebrated.’ The regulations establish an agreed approach for the libraries to develop an efficient system for archiving digital publications, while avoiding an unreasonable burden for publishers and also protecting the interests of rights holders. ‘Ten years ago, there was a very real 300 years of legal deposit collecting danger of a black hole opening up and swallowing our digital heritage, with millions of web pages, e-publications NLS’ non-print legal deposit collection in 1711 greater part of the and other non-print items falling deposit collecting comes and in that year John Library’s growing through the cracks of a system that some 302 years after Spottiswood, Joint intake. In fact, the was devised primarily to capture ink the Advocates Library Keeper of the Library, volume of new books and paper,’ explains Roly Keating, Chief (from the foundations of wrote that the coming in to the Library Executive of the British Library. ‘The which the National institution was ‘already was such that the regulations ensure that legal deposit Library was the best in North- Advocates Library libraries are able to evolve – collecting, established) received its Britain, & in process of found it increasingly preserving and providing long-term first set of books. time may come to be difficult to provide the access to the profusion of cultural and The Advocates the best in the Isle’. resources needed to intellectual content appearing online or Library was included in In those early days, process and manage the in other digital formats.’ a list of institutions the impact of the legal legal deposit intake. All the legal deposit libraries have entitled to receive deposit was minimal. And so, in 1925, the been working together to develop the books deposited at From an estimated largest legal deposit systems to collect e-publications and Stationers’ Hall in 10,000 books published collection in Scotland harvest website content. Registered London under the between 1710 and 1725, and the right to receive readers can access the material from provision of the only 2,154 were books through legal computers in the reading rooms at NLS. Copyright Act 1710. That registered at Stationers’ deposit were However, access is not available from list also featured the Hall and of these only transferred to the newly home or from laptops used within the Royal Library (later the 1,257 were actually formed National Library Library. Further information on access British Museum), the made available for of Scotland (although and other arrangements is available on universities of Oxford distribution to libraries. the Advocates Library the NLS website www.nls.uk/about-us/ and Cambridge, Sion By the 19th century, kept hold of its existing what-we-are/legal-deposit/e-legal- College, and the four the number of books law books and deposit-guide Scottish universities. published rose steeply, continued to receive The Advocates and legal deposit such titles through Access the 100 websites list at Library began its accounted for the legal deposit). www.bl.uk/100websites

28 | discover nls | Summer 2013 MY NLS

A story begging to be told Author and journalist Martin Conaghan on a dark journey through the Library’s collections

n his 1897 travelogue, lives of Charles Darwin, Madame Consumed by the populace in their Following the Equator, Mark Tussaud and the physician-in-senior to thousands for a penny a copy, these I Twain coined the immortal Queen Victoria, Sir William Gull. pamphlets detailed every aspect of the phrase ‘truth is stranger Burke and Hare never set foot in a case, from the gossip and rumours than fiction’, a succinct aphorism graveyard with the intention of about Hare’s eventual whereabouts offering comfort to the casual observer stealing a body, despite Stevenson’s after his release from prison, to court struggling to make sense of the darker best efforts to persuade us to that reports from Burke’s trial and grisly aspects of life. And so it was for me, effect. The truth is much simpler; the details of his public execution on in the spring of 2009, when I was duo were cold, greedy murderers who Wednesday 28 January 1829. Without commissioned to write the script for a sold the bodies of 17 unfortunate people them, and their immeasurable insights graphic novel adaptation of Robert to the anatomist Dr Robert Knox, of the into this oft-misunderstood case, our Louis Stevenson’s The Body Snatcher, University of Edinburgh. story would have undoubtedly followed which would be illustrated by my artist the well-worn path of fiction trodden friend Will Pickering. The truth is much by the late, great Stevenson. Our story was required to be faithful In his Famous Trials of the Century, to the original text, while incorporating simpler; the duo were another tome we uncovered during our research notes and annotations. cold, greedy murderers research, JB Atlay asserts that many However, when I read Stevenson’s Londoners of the era had memories macabre tale of money-grabbing But what do we know of these men. from their childhood of the principal graverobbers, I unearthed a world of What did they look like? What did they attraction on Oxford Street in the 1830s myth and misapprehension concerning wear? How did they speak? being that of an old, blind beggar ‘who, two of the most prolific serial killers in Many of the answers we sought with dog and stick, was wont to solicit British criminal history, William Burke were found at the National Library alms from passers-by. His story was on and William Hare, the West Port, of Scotland in the form of broadsides, the lips of every nursemaid, and he Edinburgh, murderers. the tabloids of their day, single-sheet was pointed out to awestruck children I soon abandoned Stevenson’s newspapers featuring timeless as being William Hare, one of the supernatural fiction in favour of the illustrations of the duo and their actors in the West Port murders.’ facts and embarked on a body of victims, with written accounts of Truth is stranger than fiction,

research that would intersect with the their ghastly deeds. after all! malcolm cochrane

Summer 2013 | discover nls | 29 last word

hen William Golding first submitted his manuscript W Strangers from Within to one of the UK’s biggest publishers, few would have predicted it would go on to become one of the most celebrated novels of all time. Ranked third in The Times’ 2008 list of the 50 greatest British writers, Golding’s literary career spanned five decades and includes works across several genres, including poems and stage plays. After graduating with a degree in English literature from Brasenose College, Oxford, Golding became a schoolteacher. However, with the onset of the Second World War, he then served for four years in the Royal Navy. He had enjoyed some limited literary success pre-war (his Poems collection was published by Macmillan in 1934), but Golding’s writing career did not truly flourish until 1954, when Strangers from Within, later retitled Lord of the Flies, was picked up by Faber and Faber. He wrote just 12 novels in total and in 1980 was awarded the coveted Man Booker Prize for Rites of Passage, the first in his trilogy, The Ends of the Earth

Golding received further accolades, including the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983 and a knighthood in 1988, thus cementing his place in literary history as one of the most celebrated writers of his generation. Few would dispute Golding’s work transcends time and remains relevant to this day. Although not an I t is 20 years since the death immediate success when first published, Lord of The Flies has become a cult phenomenon and, of William Golding, one of despite attempts at censorship in several countries, continues to be one of the most widely read books in the many thousands of people world, having been translated into more than 35 languages. represented in the Library’s D iscover More Read the magazine online at collection. Nicola Marr looks nls.uk/about/ back on his life and work discover-nls

30 | discover nls | Summer 2013 28TH SEPTEMBER - 7TH OCTOBER 2012

‘The sort ofWIGTOWN festival people get possessive BOOK about’ The Guardian FESTI VAL 27TH SEPTEMBER - 6TH OCTOBER 2013

‘The sort of festival people get possessive about’ – The Guardian

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0131 240 0916 [email protected]

GOULD (JOHN), The Birds of Great Britain, First Edition, £30,000 - 40,000 To be sold on 19 June International Auctioneers and Valuers - bonhams.com/books Values stated include buyer’s premium. Details can be found at bonhams.com