Nosferatu. Revista De Cine (Donostia Kultura)

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Nosferatu. Revista De Cine (Donostia Kultura) Nosferatu. Revista de cine (Donostia Kultura) Título: Byron Haskin: eficacia y discreción Autor/es: Molina Foix, Juan Antonio Citar como: Molina Foix, JA. (1994). Byron Haskin: eficacia y discreción. Nosferatu. Revista de cine. (14):124-129. Documento descargado de: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/40896 Copyright: Reserva de todos los derechos (NO CC) La digitalización de este artículo se enmarca dentro del proyecto "Estudio y análisis para el desarrollo de una red de conocimiento sobre estudios fílmicos a través de plataformas web 2.0", financiado por el Plan Nacional de I+D+i del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España (código HAR2010-18648), con el apoyo de Biblioteca y Documentación Científica y del Área de Sistemas de Información y Comunicaciones (ASIC) del Vicerrectorado de las Tecnologías de la Información y de las Comunicaciones de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Entidades colaboradoras: .a guerra de los mundos (The War ofthe Wor/ds, 1953), de Byron Haskin .... Byron Haskin: eficacia y discreción Juan Antonio Molina Foix omo la de cualquier otro bies filmes de ciencia-ficción iniciando una me1itoria carrera operador pasado a la di­ parecen decantarle por el género con títulos como El héroe del erección , la carrera de fantástico, no hay que olvidar batallón (Across the Pac(fic, Byron Haskin fue fluctuante, in- sus indudables aciertos en el 1926) y Una aventura en el decisa, modesta. Y aunque tien­ thriller, el western, o el cine béli­ metro ( Wo{fs Clothing, 1927), de a ser infravalorada, eso no le co, por no mencionar su popular ambos de Roy del Ruth, Don impidió aparecer en la ambicio­ superproducción Cuando ruge Juan (Don Juan, 1926) y Los sa obra enciclopédica que el cJÍ­ la marabunta (The Naked Jun­ amores de M anón ( When A tico Andrew Sarris publicó en gle, 1954), el mayor éxito de Man Laves, 1927), de A Jan 1968 sobre los más destacados toda su carrera. Crossland, o La fiera del mar directores del cine americano, ( The Sea Beast, 1926 ), adapta­ en una posición intermedia entre Nacido en Portland (Oregón), ción de Moby Dick dirigida por más de 200 profesional es (el By ron H askin (1899-1984) Ue­ Millard Webb. apa1iado "Discretos y agrada­ gó al cine procedente de las pá­ bles", que incluía entre otros a ginas del San Francisco Daily Su prestigio como operador le Delmer Daves, Mitchell Leisen, News, donde dibujaba una tira pennitió pasarse a la dirección Michael C urtiz, Henry Ha­ diaria de gran aceptación y oca­ en 1927, rodando para la War­ thaway, George Sidney o James sionalmente ejercía de caricatu­ ner tres filmes bien diferentes: el Whale). En todo caso, y pese a rista. En 191 8 empezó a trabajar musical Flor de cabaré (Mati­ su extremado virtuosismo técni­ como ayudante de cámara. Dos nee Ladies), el drama Corazo­ co (con incursiones en el campo años después lo encontramos nes irlandeses (Jrish Hearts) de los efectos especiales), su cine como ayudante de dirección de -ambos protagonizados por la es tan variado y sólido como el Sidney Franklin y Raoul Walsh, ingenua May MeA voy-, y la co­ de cualquier otro artesano en ac­ y al siguiente como operador media Ginsberg the Great, tivo en aquellas décadas doradas auxiliar. En 1923 accedió por para lucimiento del cómico de Hollywood. Y si sus estima- fin al rango de operador jefe, George Jessel. Ante la escasa re- percusión de estas películas, al Air Force (1943), de Howard gó dirigir la primera versión en año siguiente no tendría más re­ Hawks, o Arsénico por compa­ color del clásico de Stevenson medio que volver a su anterior sión (Arsenic and 0/d Lace, La isla del tesoro (Treasure ls­ ocupación, simultaneando su 1944), de Frank Capra. land, 1950). Rodada íntegra• trabajo como operador en Un mente en Inglaterra, con grandes proceso sensacional ( On Tria!), Finalizada la guerra, Haskin de­ medios, un excelente reparto y de Archie Mayo, con la realiza­ cidió probar fortuna de nuevo una acertada escenografía del ción del melodrama de trasfon­ como director, convencido de director artístico inglés Tom do policiaco The Siren, esta vez que esta vez su sólida formación Morahan, la película tuvo una para Columbia. técnica y su madurez profesio­ calurosa acogida, aunque no su­ nal le iban a permitir desarrollar perase ni remotamente la mítica Desencantado por los pobres re­ todas sus potencialidades, per­ versión de Fleming en blanco y sultados obtenidos en el campo mitiéndole controlar el producto negro, ni la extraordinaria inter­ de la dirección, Haskin tardaría final en lugar de limitarse a fo­ pretación de Robert Newton nueve años en volver a repetir la tografiarlo según el criterio de como Long John Silver hiciese experiencia, limitándose mien­ otro. Y, en efecto, la reanuda­ olvidar ni por un momento al tras tanto a ejercer su primitivo ción de su carrera como director llorado Wallace Beery. El mis­ oficio, a la vez que iniciaba su no pudo ser más afortunada. mo Newton repetiría caracteri­ formación como técnico en Con el vibrante film noir Al vol­ zación en la secuela A venturas efectos especiales. De esta se­ ver a la vida (1 Walk Afane, de John Silver (Long John Sil­ gunda etapa como operador ca­ 1947), protagonizado por estre­ ver, 1954), con que Haskin mos­ bría destacar su destacada apor­ llas ascendentes como Burt Lan­ traría años después su querencia tación a los filmes de Curtiz La caster, Kirk Douglas, Lizabeth por el texto stevensoniano, al señorita Bibelot (The Glad Rag Scott y Wendell Corey, que Ha1 que sin embargo nada nuevo Doll) y Flor del hampa (The Wallis puso generosamente a su aportó digno de mencionarse. Madonna of Avenue 'A~. am­ disposición siendo como era bos de 1929, o al melodrama de prácticamente un debutante, Con el paso del tiempo el cine Archie Mayo Courage (1930). Haskin logró por vez primera un de Haskin se diversifica: las Mas pronto tendría ocasión de buen éxito de público y a la vez aventuras más diversas -desde mostrar también sus nuevos co­ empezó a interesar a la crítica. Tarzán en peligro (Tarzan 's nocimientos en el campo de los Peril, 1951 ), interpretada por efectos especiales. Pese a ello, su siguiente encargo, Lex Barker y Dorothy Dandrid­ El tigre de Kumaon (Man-Ea­ ge (que, tras su etapa juvenil, co­ :r:J Su primera gran demostración ter of Kumaon, 1948), fue bien menzaba su brillante carrera tuvo lugar en la brillante adapta­ modesto: se trataba de un típico como adulta tan prematura y e ~ ción shakespeariana El sueño de fi lme de aventuras orientales trágicamente truncada en 1965) e ~ una noche de verano (A Mid­ para lucimiento del actor juvenil y cuyo rodaje tuvo lugar por vez e J summer Night 's Dream, 1935), indio Sabú, cuya meteórica primera en los mismos lugares de Max Reinhardt y William carrera en Hollywood comenza­ descritos por Burroughs, hasta la ·~ Dieterle, donde estuvo rodeado ba ya a declinar. Pero al año si­ exótica Su Majestad de Jos de otros profesionales de prime­ guiente volvió a dar en el clavo Mares del Sur (His Majesty ra magnitud, como el operador con un sombrío melodrama po­ O 'Keefe, 1953), de nuevo con Ha! Mohr (ganador del Osear liciaco, Too Late for Tears, Burt Lancaster- alternan con correspondiente), el director ar­ protagonizado de nuevo por Li­ westerns como Warpath, Silver tístico de origen polaco Anton zabeth Scott, la hierática y géli­ City (ambos de 1951) y Den­ Grot, o el músico vienés Erich da vamp del cine negro de los ver-Río Grande (The Denver W olfgang Komgold. Luego se­ años cuarenta en su papel más and the Rio Grande, 1952), que guirían otros trabajos no menos perverso y odioso, dando réplica forman una especie de trilogía, brillantes en películas tan dispa­ al veterano Dan Duryea y al pi­ escrita por Frank Gmber, prota­ res como Dodge, ciudad sin ley piolo Arthur Kennedy. gonizada por Edmond O'Brien, (Dodge City, 1939) y Dive producida por Nat Holt y foto­ Bomber ( 1941 ), de Michael grafiada por Ray Rennahan, to­ Curtiz, Ciudad de conquista De Stevenson a Wells pasando dos ellos indiscutibles especia­ ( City qf Conquest) y El cielo y por Tarzán listas del género. tú (Al/ This and Heaven Too), dirigidas ambas en 1940 por La confimmción de que su ca­ Asentado definitivamente en Anatole Litvak, Across the Pa­ rrera se estaba consolidando lle­ Hollywood, Haskin comenzó a cific ( 1942), de John Huston, gó cuando Walt Disney le encar- imponer sus preferencias perso- 1~ nales, siendo para ello crucial su nas bélicas, que en la novela eran Pal pretendía adaptar el libro de encuentro con el especialista en una especie de relucientes trípo• Werner von Braun (5) The Mars cine de animación George Pal des metálicos con largos tentá­ Project, con el objeto de realizar (de origen húngaro), más tarde culos flexibles, fueron reempla­ una especie de secuela de Con inventor del sistema llamado zadas por unos convencionales destino a la Luna. El primer Dynamation, que estaba empe­ platillos volantes, con un apén­ guión de Ban·é Lyndon (que ya ñado en una ambiciosa serie de dice supe1ior en fonna de sierpe, había escrito La guerra de los ciencia-ficción, ya iniciada con terminado en una especie de ojo mundos) fue desechado por la títulos como Con destino a la electrónico mediante el cual ful­ Paramount y, tras pasar por va­ luna (Destination Moon, 1950), minaban a sus adversarios con rias manos ( 6), rehecho com­ de Irving Pichel, y Cuando los su incendiario Rayo Abrasador. pletamente por James O'Han­ mundos chocan (When Worlds Su otra arma letal, el llamado lon, basándose más bien en los Collide, 1951 ), de Rudolph Humo Negro, que consistía en populares escritos de Willy Ley Maté, ganadores de sendos Os­ sucesivas oleadas de gas, tam­ (con ilustraciones de Chesley cars por sus efectos especiales.
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