DOCSLIB.ORG

Outline of Outline Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Outline of Outline Of JTCA Future CDM Workshop 2005.12.3 Montreal Canada Outline of “Study to Promote CDM in Transport Sector to Resolve Global Warming Problem” & “Bio-diesel Fuel CDM Project” Ryo Masutomo Japan Transport Cooperation Association (JTCA) 1 JTCA Introduction of JTCA (Japan Transport Cooperation Association) Semi-governmental Organization under Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), Japan Promote the International Cooperation in Transport Sector 25 Regular Members and 33 Supporting Member Firms from Many sectors Environmental Issue is one of the most Important fields to support Japan Foreign Countries MLMLIITT GovGoveerrnnmementnt JaJapapann JTJTCACA PrPriivvateate SSeectorctor Cooperation In the Member Firms Member Firms transport UnUniviveerrsitysity ((JJWWAA,, AlAlmmeec,c, PCI,PCI, ….)….) sector 2 InternationalInternational CCooperationooperation byby JTCAJTCA (1993-(1993-22002002)) JTCA ContentsContents Part I: Outline of Study to Promote CDM in Transport Sector (2003-MarchMarch 2002005)5) • BackgBackground • OutlineOutline of Study past 3 years Part II: Outline of Transport BDF-CDMBDF-CDM (April 2005-Dec.-Dec. 2005) • OutlineOutline of Project • NewNew Methodology • ApplicabilityApplicability for Other Area Part III: Next Step (Dec. 2005-)-) • OOththeerr Transport CDM 3 JTCA HistoryHistory ofof TransportTransport CDMCDM StudyStudy byby MLIT,JTCAMLIT,JTCA 20022002 Preparation of Study 2003/3 2003/3 Study to Promote •Field Driving Test (16,000 km) CDM in Transport •Bangkok Driving Cycle by speed & car Sector to Resolve Global Warming •Emission Test (120 Vehicle) Problem” •Emission Factor by speed & car by MLIT,Japan •Estimation of BKK CO2 Emission 2004/32004/3 (March 2003 --MaMarchrch 2005) •Classify Transport CDM candidate •Select BDF-CDM as model case PART - I •Emission Factor by Palm & Coconut •Initial Project Plan of Transport BDF-CDM 2005/32005/3 •Detail F/S of Transport BDF-CDM PART - II •New Methodology & Tentative PDD •Final PDD PART - III •Study on BRT CDM 2006/32006/3 4 JTCA PartPart II OutlineOutline ofof “Study to Promote CDM in Transport Sector to Resolve Global Warming Problem” EntrustedEntrusted byby MMLLIT,IT, JapanJapan (March 20020033--March 2005) 5 JTCA Background 1 Importance of Transport CDM GHG emission from transport sector is over 20 % in Japan, more in Asian Countries About 90 % of it emitted from vehicle Is increasing rapidly in Asia Increasing of CO2 emission from Transport Sector Industries Transport Home 6 JTCA Background 2 Difficulties of Transport CDM Transport CDM project is difficult Because • Many CO2 emission sources are moving • Complicatedness of Urban Transport System • It makes the Baseline Scenario difficult • Lack of Basic Transport Data • Low Cost Effectiveness for CO2 Credit • Lack of Good sample of Transport CDM 7 JTCA Background 3 How does Transport CDM promote? => To prepare Driving data (cycle) and emission factor Common basic data and method for calculation Baseline scenario by scientific method Accurate calculation method of GHG reduction Good sample of Transport CDM Project 8 JTCA Flow Chart of Study Collect actual traffic data in Bangkok Develop Bangkok Driving Cycle & Emission Factor Develop Method of GHG Emission Estimation Identify and Promote of Feasibile Transport CDM Project Promotion of CDM in Transport Sector Effectiveness Reduction of GHGs Improvement of Urban Air Increase of Investment chance 9 JTCA Results of Study 1. Bangkok Driving Cycle 2. Emission Factors of Various Vehicles in Bangkok 3. Estimate CO2 Emission from Transport Sector in Bangkok 4. Preliminary Classification of Transport CDM project candidate 5. Identify Feasible Pilot CDM Project Sample CDM 10 JTCA How to use the outcome of Study Example of Using Emission Emission Factors Reduction Case 1. Improvement of CO2 Increase of Emission Vehicle Speed Traffic Flow Factor Emission Case 2. Improvement of Reduction Emission by Usual car Hybrid vehicle CO2 Emission Factor Hi-breed car 11 NatureNature ofof TransportTransport SectorSector CDMCDM ProjectsProjects CertainCertain TechnolTechnoloogicalgical OptiOptionsons EVEV CNGCNG BiodieselBiodiesel CNGCNG carscars Buses Buses BiodieselBiodiesel CNGCNG Buses Buses LPGLPG EthanolEthanol TaxisTaxis TaxisTaxis carscars carscars LPGLPG Ethanol BiodieselBiodiesel CNGCNG Ethanol HybrHybridid Trucks Trucks TaxisTaxis Taxis Trucks Trucks Taxis carscars Impact to EVEV CarCar VehicVehicllee Private vehicles SharShariingng I/MI/M Impact to Public or commercial PlaPlattee NuNumbemberr PaParkrk aanndd policy vehicles BRTBRT policy RideRide LRTLRT FuelFuel PrPriceice RoadRoad BusBus ExclusiveExclusive incrincreasingeasing Railway PricPricinging lanelane Railway IInnterstersectionection ImprImprovingoving UncertainUncertain TraTrafffificc MMaananaggeemmeentnt //IInnfrafraststrruuctctureure OOppttiiononss By Dr. Atsushi Fukuda, Nihon University JTCA International Seminar on “Study to Promote CDM in Transport Sector to Resolve Global Warming Problem” in Bangkok March 15, 2005 13 JTCA PartPart IIII OutlineOutline ofof “Palm Methyl Ester - Biodiesel Fuel production and use for transportation in Thailand” (NM0142) (Study entrusted by MLIT, Japan) (April 2005-) 14 JTCA Identified Feasible Transport CDM Project is BDF-CDM in Last Study Basic Concept Chart at March 2005 Concept chart 15 JTCA Outline of Transport BDF-CDM at Now BDF Products: 300 ton/day, 100,000 ton/ year Raw Material: CPO 124,000 ton/year (FFB: 730,000 ton/year) Raw material CPO procure from Suratthani and neighboring 3 provinces Location of Plant: near Bangkok Amount of CO2 Reduction: 217,000 ton/year Initial Cost: 20 million US $ O & M Cost: 5.8 million US $/year Expected BDF Sales: 58 million US $/year Suratthani (Ex plant price at 20 baht) Port (Ex plant price at 20 baht) Raw Material Cost: 52.7 million US $/year CO2 Credit: 1.5 million US $/year (at 7 $/ton) IRR: 3 % (without CDM), 14% (with CDM) 16 JTCA Outline of Transport BDF-CDM Project(2b) Comparison the Project with other CDM BDF-CDM Project in Windmill CDM Project Thailand Essaouira, Morocco Project Cost: 58 million US $ CO2 Reduction: 156,000ton/year Project Cost: 20 million US $ CO2 Reduction: 217,000ton/year = 80 windmills (1MW) 17 JTCA Outline of Transport BDF-CDM Project３ Merit of the Project (300 ton/day) for Host Country < Merit of CDM for Host Country > 1) Additional income by GHGs* reduction credit CO2 Credit: 1.5 million US $/year (at 7 $/ton, 300ton/d) 2) Technical & Financial Assistance for the Project Implementation 3) Spread Knowledge of Energy Saving Method & Technique 4) Indirect Merit from Natural Disaster Reduction (Contribution for Countermeasure of Global Warming) < Merit of BDF-CDM Project for Host Country > 1) Increase of Palm Farmer’s Income 2) Promotion of Local Economy by Related Industries (Oil mill) Raw Material Cost: 52.7 million US $/year go to mill & farmer 3) Secure of National Security by Import Fossil Oil Reduction Light Oil Reduction: 58 million US $/year 4) Improvement of Air Pollution by BDF using Buses in the City => Most of Developing Countries can obtain Various Benefit 18 10 15 20 0 5 Energy industries (renewable - / 8 6 3 non-renewable sources) 1 Energy distribution M Sm C o e n t a h s Number ofapproved methodol l Number ofapproved methodol o l od S 3 31 l i d ol Energy demand c al at og e e As M y d 4 2 of 3 M Manufacturing industries e t e for eachsectoralscopes for eachsectoralscopes h t 0 od h November, 1 od Chemical industries ol ol og og i e i s Construction e s ht tp:/ 1 /cdm Transport .unfccc.in Mining/mineral production t/DO Metal production for Bio E/s for Bio No approved No approved Fugitive emissions from fuels 2 1 c opes (solid, oil and gas) 1 .ht Fugitive emissions from m production and consumption of d d l#4 iesel iesel og Solvent use og ies ies 10 CDMprojec CDMprojec 2 1 me Waste handling and disposal me th th Afforestation and reforestation odo odo 2 1 l Agriculture l o o g g y y t t JTCA Outline of New Methodology for the Project (1) - NaNameme of the new methodology: Baseline methodology “Baseline Methodology for Palm Methyl Ester or Coconut Methyl Ester Bio-diesel Fuel Production for Transportation using Life Cycle Assessment approach” Monitoring methodology “Monitoring Methodology for Palm Methyl Ester or Coconut Methyl Ester Bio-diesel Fuel Production for Transportation using Life Cycle Assessment approach” Draft PDD “Palm Methyl Ester-Biodiesel Fuel (PME-BDF) production and use for transportation in Thailand” - ReferencReference number on UNFCCC website NM0142 - SubmissionSubmission Submitted to the CDM EB on 3 October and now call for public inputs until 8 December (http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/publicview.ht ml?OpenAll=1&cases=B) 20 JTCA Outline of New Methodology for the Project (2) The potential strengths of this new methodology Simplified, but transparent and conservative as well by… a) limiting raw materials only to palm oil or coconut oil b) specifying the formation and purpose of entity just for bio-diesel production c) applying Life Cycle Assessment approach to calculate GHG emissions d) monitoring project specific parameters to ensure precise calculation of project emissions 21 Outline of New Methodology for the Project (3) Emission Reductions Emission reductions (ERs) are calculated as: ERs = Baseline emissions - Project emissions - Leakage For Thailand project case, ERs = 295,643 - 37,973 - 39,915 = 217,755 tCO2e/yr Emission Reductions (tCO2/year) 350,000 300,000 250,000 Emission Reductions 200,000 217,755 Leakage 150,000
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Overview of Automation Activities at US DOT: December 2020
    Overview of Automation Activities at U.S. DOT: December 2020 Within the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), several operating administrations and the Office of the Secretary (OST) have complementary roles and responsibilities related to automation in surface transportation. This document provides an illustrative—but not exhaustive— overview of current Departmental activities. Illustrative Automation Activities The Office of the Secretary of Transportation (OST) Background and Goals OST oversees the formulation of national transportation policy and promotes intermodal transportation. Within OST, the Office of Transportation Policy, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Aviation and International Affairs, and the Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office play key roles in managing automation-related initiatives across the Department. OST prioritizes safety and security, promotes innovation, and ensures a consistent, technology-neutral, and science-based regulatory approach suitable for rapidly changing and evolving technologies. Recognizing that the interoperability of all elements of transportation systems is key to supply-chain efficiency and security, as well as maximizing benefits of new technologies, OST collaborates on research to improve interoperability. OST’s efforts increase economic competitiveness and improve access to foreign markets for U.S. industry using and producing automation and related vehicle technologies. These efforts also reduce barriers to trade, including unneeded, insufficiently flexible, and/or non- compatible standards-related measures and other divergences in regulatory and policy measures. Activities Goal: Promote Transparency International Engagement OST maintains strong bilateral ties across North America, Europe, and Asia. This includes regulatory cooperation with Canada and Mexico to promote a North American approach to governing automated vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • A New VTOL Propelled Wing for Flying Cars
    A new VTOL propelled wing for flying cars: critical bibliographic analysis TRANCOSSI, Michele <http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-6278>, HUSSAIN, Mohammad, SHIVESH, Sharma and PASCOA, J Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/16848/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version TRANCOSSI, Michele, HUSSAIN, Mohammad, SHIVESH, Sharma and PASCOA, J (2017). A new VTOL propelled wing for flying cars: critical bibliographic analysis. SAE Technical Papers, 01 (2144), 1-14. Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk 20XX-01-XXXX A new VTOL propelled wing for flying cars: critical bibliographic analysis Author, co-author (Do NOT enter this information. It will be pulled from participant tab in MyTechZone) Affiliation (Do NOT enter this information. It will be pulled from participant tab in MyTechZone) Abstract 2. acceleration of the fluid stream on the upper surface of the wing by mean of EDF propellers [13] that produces a much higher lift coefficient, with respect to any other aircrafts (up to 9-10); This paper is a preliminary step in the direction of the definition of a 3. very low stall speed (lower than 10m/s) and consequent increase radically new wing concept that has been conceived to maximize the of the flight envelope in the low speed domain up to 10÷12 m/s; lift even at low speeds. It is expected to equip new aerial vehicle 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable and Equitable Transport System in Delhi: Issues and Policy Direction
    SUSTAINABLE AND EQUITABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN DELHI: ISSUES AND POLICY DIRECTION M. Absar Alam1 Abstract The paper highlights the current scenario of transport related, policies and planning and existing transport infrastructure and services in Delhi. It presents a critical analysis of transport planning and practices as per the proposed master plan through transport related expenditures on various components of transport. It suggests that development of NMT infrastructure, operational and physical integration of public transport systems viz. Delhi Metro and Urban Bus services are required for better mobility linked with adequate pathways for NMT. Transport related services are also important and needs examination in detail. The paper provides an outline of transport related services in Delhi and suggestions for proper guidelines and standards to be formulated for operators such as mini bus operators, shared auto and E-Rickshaw. INTRODUCTION The transport sector plays a crucial role in the development process of a country. It has a direct impact on living standards both in terms of economic as well as social well-being. Demand for transportation related services is generally a derived demand for other economic and social activities such as activities related to health, education, employment, etc. Transport infrastructure needs are assessed based on the demand scenario of such activities which form the potential market for transport infrastructure and services. It is in this context, that the provision of transport related infrastructure and services varies in accordance with its market potential. Accordingly, characteristics of the mobility needs of the people form the basis of the types of infrastructural needs and characteristics of the required transportation services.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report No. 1 TRANSPORT SURVEY and DATABASE
    Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Ministry of Transport, Socialist Republic of Vietnam (MOT) Transport Development and Strategy Institute (TDSI) THE STUDY ON THE NATIONAL TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (VITRANSS) Technical Report No. 1 TRANSPORT SURVEY AND DATABASE July 2000 ALMEC CORPORATION PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL PREFACE During the period of the Study on the National Transport Development Strategy in Vietnam (VITRANSS), various technical papers have been prepared by different Study Team members in various occasions to facilitate the discussions with counterpart team, concerning subsector agencies and to document major findings and outputs produced in the process of the Study. These papers have been organized into a series of technical reports (See Table A below) which intend to provide more detailed background information for descriptions and discussions made on key study components and issues. These technical reports are working documents of the Study which, however, will be useful for further reference, by the counterpart team and related subsector agencies. Table A List of Technical Reports No. 1 Transport Surveys and Database No. 2 Main Commodities Analysis and Freight Transport No. 3 Transport Cost and Pricing in Vietnam No. 4 Transport Sector Institutions No. 5 Road and Road Transport No. 6 Railway No. 7 Inland Waterway No. 8 Port and Shipping No. 9 Air Transport No. 10 Rural Transport and Cross Border Transport No. 11 Environment No. 12 Transport Sector Funding Technical Report No. 1 TRANSPORT SURVEYS AND DATABASE Table of Contents Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Survey Background ................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Survey Objective ...................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Basic Considerations in the Conduct of Transport Surveys ....
    [Show full text]
  • Feasible Mitigation Options for Air Pollution and Traffic Congestion In
    KopalJ. Ind. VermaGeophys. and Union Umesh ( March Kulshrestha 2018 ) v.22, no.2, pp: 212-218 Feasible Mitigation Options for Air Pollution and Traffic Congestion in Metro Cities Kopal Verma and Umesh Kulshrestha* School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067 INDIA *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRact Increasing needs of urban population and exploitation of natural resources are the major concerns for environmental degradation. Growing urbanization and unplanned expansion of large cities, especially in developing countries have led to high levels of air pollution. It has been realized that the megacities are the hot spots of air pollution. The Asian and African megacities such as Cairo, Beijing, Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru and Kolkata are some of the examples showing alarming levels of air pollutants. Hence, it is the high time for the policy makers to take urgent and apt initiatives that can mitigate urban traffic congestion and air pollution. This paper highlights the possible options such as introduction of bullet train, more intensive network of metro trains, Odd-Even scheme, work from home, flying cars, transit elevated bus, electric vehicles, bi-cycles, compulsory use of public transport along some highly congested roads and restriction in owning more than one car per family, for congestion reduction and air pollution prevention & control in metro cities. Key words: Environmental degradation, Air pollution, Traffic congestion, Hydrocarbon emission, Greenbelt INTRODUCTION TRaffic ConGEStion and AIR POLLution Increasing population and associated needs are the rising According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB, concerns of the present era. The extent of increase in 2006), approximately 70% of CO, 30-40% of NOx and 50% number of industries and vehicles is much higher compared of hydrocarbons are being contributed by the vehicles in to the appropriate infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Design Study of Optimal Material and Energy Usage for Transport Thesis
    Design Study of Optimal Material and Energy Usage for Transport Thesis presented for the degree of Ph D in the 'University of London and for the Diploma of Membership of.Imperial College of Science and Technology by John West, B Sc, C Eng, FRINA, FI Mar E January 1980 CONTENTS 1. Preliminaries 2. Survey of Recent Trends in all Forms of Transport 3. A Concept of 'in depth Design of a Ship' 4. The Design of an Aerostatic Vehicle for Use in Low Air Corridors (Skyship) 5. The Hybrid Car 6. Conclusions 7. Suggestions for Further Work 8. References 1 PRELIMINARIES 2 1 PRELIMINARIES 1.1 SYNOPSIS AND OBJECTIVES There are numerous and varied definitions of "Design" but few of them adequately portray its true meaning when considering systems or complex structures. Design begins with an "in-depth" relationship with the subject and its environs. It requires experience directly or closely associ- ated with the subject. It demands clarity of thought in dealing with the varied claims which must be chronicled in order of importance, before the designer can begin to search for a solution. It also requires an innovatory skill so that solutions can be naturally born. Finally it demands our economic perception so that as the project is developed it is viable from all points of view. The present world plight adds a further dimension to design. Shortages of space, material and engery are coupled with increasing population and a need to improve the standard of living of the Third World. The projects covered in this thesis are at the other end of the spectrum from the supersonic 'Concorde' and the high performance motor car.
    [Show full text]
  • Freight Transports in Romania, Between Desires and Achievements
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Economics and Finance 22 ( 2015 ) 304 – 312 2nd International Conference ‘Economic Scientific Research - Theoretical, Empirical and Practical Approaches’, ESPERA 2014, 13-14 November 2014, Bucharest, Romania Freight Transports in Romania, between desires and achievements. Past, present and future Teodor Popescua*, Frantz Daniel Fistunga aCentre of Industrial Economics and Services,Romanian Academy,13 Septembrie Way, No 13, 050711, Bucharest, Romania Abstract Our paper goals are to highlight the main elements that marked Romanian Freight Transport development between 2000 – 2014 and to define some short term action directions. By using statistical, analytical, comparative and descriptive methods, study is an investigation of the defining elements of freight transport in Romania, on the three main modes of transport - road, rail and inland waterway. The results and the conclusions of the study highlight significant differences between what Romania aimed to achieve in the analysed period and what has succeeded. At the same time, our paper, by pointing out the weaknesses of the national strategy of development of the transport infrastructure, tries to present the main action directions that can increase the efficiency of decision – making and implicitly, the significant improvement of transport infrastructure. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESPERA 2014. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ESPERA 2014 Keywords: Freight transport; road; rail; naval; inland water; action directions; 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 95Th ASTEE Conference Issy-Les-Moulineaux 31 May to 3 June 2016
    95th ASTEE conference Issy-les-Moulineaux 31 May to 3 June 2016 INTRODUCTORY DOCUMENT TERRITORIES IN TRANSITION Placing digital intelligence at the heart of public utilities Document coordinated by Philippe Marest and Olivier Pascal Editorial secretariat by Carine Morin-Batut and Antoine Sourdril With the support of Graphic design: idbleue (Sablé) – Video interviews: Slot B Photos: Depositphotos.com, ForCity, Pons M-N., Saint-Gobain PAM, SEDIF, Slot B, Sourdril A., SUEZ, Veolia, Wikimedia Commons 4 Document coordinators Philippe Marest Olivier Pascal Vice-President* for Local Authorities, Consulting engineer – specialising Nantes Métropole in the overall ecology of major urban systems Philippe Marest is Vice-President for Local Authorities at Olivier Pascal oversees the ASTEE working groups bearing the ASTEE (French Scientific and Technical Association for on operational urban planning and provides consultancy Water and the Environment) and Deputy Director-General for services for NGOs dedicated to urban services in shanty the Environment and Urban Services of Nantes Métropole towns. and the City of Nantes. He headed up the initiative which saw He has gained experience through projects that he has the European Commission name Nantes as the European headed up for public authorities (France, Germany, tropical or Green Capital of 2013. Over his career he has held a range equatorial countries), during a career stint in the Veolia Group of positions, at the Inter-département Institution for Dams- where he held the position of Water and Sewerage Utility Reservoirs of the Seine Basin, for the City of Paris and then Operations Director, as well as when Director of the Berlin Reims Métropole as Deputy Director-General for Water and Centre of Competence for Water at the time of its founding.
    [Show full text]
  • Transport Efficiency: Analysing the Transport Service Triad
    THESIS FOR DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING Transport Efficiency: Analysing the Transport Service Triad VICTOR ERIKSSON Department of Technology Management and Economics CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2019 TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY: ANALYSING THE TRANSPORT SERVICE TRIAD VICTOR ERIKSSON Copyright © Victor Eriksson 2019 ISSN 1654-9732 Licentiate thesis report no. L2019:107 Department of Technology Management and Economics Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Printed by Chalmers Digitaltryck Gothenburg, Sweden January 2019 II TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY: ANALYSING THE TRANSPORT SERVICE TRIAD VICTOR ERIKSSON Department of Technology Management and Economics Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden ABSTRACT This thesis deals with transport services and transport efficiency. There are growing environmental concerns for many industries and the freight transport industry in particular faces challenges in reducing its CO2 emissions. It has been argued that technical advancements on their own are insufficient in dealing with environmental impact from road freight transport and that one way forward could be to look at how firms organise and exchange transport services. The exchange of transport services are highly dependent on the exchange of goods since every exchange of goods generates a demand for transport services. The Transport Service Triad (TST) is introduced as a unit of analysis to explore the connections among firms involved in the exchange of transport services and the exchange of goods. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to study how the organising of transport services impacts on transport efficiency by taking a triadic approach. The theoretical framework is based on the Industrial Network Approach.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Report No. 3922-PO Republic of Portugal COFY Transport Sector Memorandum Public Disclosure Authorized August 15, 1983 Projects Department Europe, Middle East and North Africa Regional Office FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their officia-l duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS 1974 1 US Dollar 25 Escudos 1 Escudo 0.039 US Dollar 1975 1 US Dollar = 26 Escudos 1 Escudo = 0.039 US Dollar 1976 1 US Dollar 30 Escudos 1 Escudo 0.033 US Dollar 1977 1 US Dollar = 38 Escudos 1 Escudo = 0.026 US Dollar 1978 1 US Dollar 44 Escudos 1 Escudo = 0.023 US Dollar 1979 1 US Dollar = 49 Escudos 1 Escudo = 0.020 US Dollar 1980 1 US Dollar = 50 Escudos 1 Escudo = 0.020 US Dollar 1981 (mid-year) 1 US Dollar = 65 Escudos 1 Escudo 0.015 US Dollar 1982 (mid-year) 1 US Dollar = 78 Escudos 1 Escudo = 0.014 US Dollar 1983 (March) 1 US Dollar 96 Escudos 1 Escudo = 0.010 US Dollar ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ANA Aeroportos e Navegagao Aeria (Airports Authority) ASEF Acordo de Saneamento Economico-Financeiro (Economic and Financial Restructuring Agreement) CNN Companhia Nacional de Navigagao CP Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses (Portuguese Railways) CTM Companhia Portuguesa de Transportes Maritimos DGTT Direccao Geral de Transportes Terrestres (Land Transport Dept.) EEC European Economic Community GDP Gross Domestic Product GEP Gabinete de Estudos e Planeamento (Studies and Planning Unit) GPP Gabinete de Planeamento e Programagao (Planning & Programming Unit) INE Instituto Nacional de Estatistica JAE Junta Autonoma de Estradas (Autonomous Road Authority) MHPW Ministry of Housing and Public Works (up till Sept.
    [Show full text]
  • 45195-001: Astana Light Rail Transit Project
    Draft Environmental Impact Assessment June 2013 KAZ: Astana Light Rail Transit Project Prepared by Astana Light Rail Transit (LRT) Limited Liability Partnership (ALRT) for the Asian Development Bank. Astana LRT Project - Kazakhstan Environmental Impact Assessment List of Abbreviations and Kazakh Terminologies +/- Indicates an approximation ADB Asian Development Bank Akim Town Mayor ALRT Astana Light Rail Transit (LRT) Limited Liability Partnership APMS Air Pollution Monitoring Station amsl above mean sea level AMP Asphalt mixing plant AP Affected Person BRT Bus Rapid Transit BOE Barrel of oil equivalent CCS Control Center Supervisor CCTV Closed circuit television CEAP Construction Environmental Action Plan CFH MOA’s Committee of Forestry and Hunting CHPP Central Heat and Power Plant CL center line CO carbon monoxide or Control Operators depending on context COPA Conditions of Particular Application CR Critically Endangered CWR MOA's Committee on Water Resources dBA Decibel (most common measure of sound) DOE Department of Environment (Oblast level) Executing Agency or Environmental Assessment or Environmental EA Assistant depending on context. EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD-FS EBRD-supported Feasibility Study EC Environmental Code EE Ecological/Environmental Expertise EEC Ecological/Environmental Expertise Committee EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EM Environmental Management EMI Electromagnetic Interference EMF Electromagnetic Fields EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System ES
    [Show full text]
  • Area Transportation Plan City of Colby Thomas County
    Area Transportation Plan City of Colby Thomas County Project 25-97 KA-2852-01 June 2014 Prepared For: Prepared By: Area Transportation Plan 25-97 KA-2852-01 Colby, Thomas County, Kansas TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... i 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................. 1.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................................. 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1.2 Transportation Planning ......................................................................................................... 1.2 2. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ........................................................................................................ 2.1 Public Officials ....................................................................................................................... 2.1 Stakeholders .......................................................................................................................... 2.1 General Public ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]