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Transport Efficiency: Analysing the Transport Service Triad

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Transport Efficiency: Analysing the Transport Service Triad THESIS FOR DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF ENGINEERING Transport Efficiency: Analysing the Transport Service Triad VICTOR ERIKSSON Department of Technology Management and Economics CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Gothenburg, Sweden 2019 TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY: ANALYSING THE TRANSPORT SERVICE TRIAD VICTOR ERIKSSON Copyright © Victor Eriksson 2019 ISSN 1654-9732 Licentiate thesis report no. L2019:107 Department of Technology Management and Economics Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000 Printed by Chalmers Digitaltryck Gothenburg, Sweden January 2019 II TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY: ANALYSING THE TRANSPORT SERVICE TRIAD VICTOR ERIKSSON Department of Technology Management and Economics Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden ABSTRACT This thesis deals with transport services and transport efficiency. There are growing environmental concerns for many industries and the freight transport industry in particular faces challenges in reducing its CO2 emissions. It has been argued that technical advancements on their own are insufficient in dealing with environmental impact from road freight transport and that one way forward could be to look at how firms organise and exchange transport services. The exchange of transport services are highly dependent on the exchange of goods since every exchange of goods generates a demand for transport services. The Transport Service Triad (TST) is introduced as a unit of analysis to explore the connections among firms involved in the exchange of transport services and the exchange of goods. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to study how the organising of transport services impacts on transport efficiency by taking a triadic approach. The theoretical framework is based on the Industrial Network Approach. This approach, with its three interrelated concepts; activities, resources, and actors, are used to capture transport efficiency on various levels in the network. A single case study approach is used to study a focal TST that illustrates the business relationships among three actors, the seller of transport services (a haulier), the seller of goods (a technical wholesaler), and the buyer of goods (a construction firm). The study shows how a TST approach provides a broader scope for analysis of transport efficiency than a firm or dyadic perspective since it captures all relevant parties in the exchange of transport services. Moreover, the study shows how improving transport efficiency from one actor’s perspective might not align with other actors’ views on improved transport efficiency or might conflict with other aspects of efficiency. To manage these issues interaction among firms is necessary to secure that the needed adjustments and adaptations of activities and resources are accomplished. Keywords: transport efficiency, triad, transport service, activities, resources, actors, freight transport, business relationships, industrial network approach, transport service triad III IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This joyous, but not always easy, journey began in 2016. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Kajsa Hulthén for believing in me as a person and learning scholar. You have guided me through this process in a brilliant way, and I would never have made it without your tireless efforts. Your support is invaluable, and I look forward to the years to come. Anna Dubois, thank you for providing clarity, sharing your knowledge, and for your constructive comments throughout the process. I have often described this process as a football match, in which this licentiate thesis is the first half. First and foremost, upon writing this, I feel like a winner and I will in the 15- minute break that follows. However, anything can happen, and I know that the only way of succeeding is to go out in that second half fighting and continue to work hard until the whistle blows. Second, a match without mistakes is an easy one. That said, I have no doubt made mistakes during this first half, and if you find any, they are mine alone. The good thing is that I have learnt a lot about research in general and academic writing, albeit there is a long way to the top. Additionally, and very importantly, I have discovered a great deal about myself during this process, which is instrumental in going forward. Finally, just as in a football match you are not alone, several people have helped me in my endeavour writing this thesis, and for that, I am very grateful. Ann-Charlott, Frida, Jens, Klas, Lisa, Nojan, and Viktoria, thank you for all your feedback, support, and the fun and enlightening discussions we have had thus far, I look forward to continuing them. Lars-Erik, you have helped me in the right direction as well as provided the so often needed helicopter perspective, and you have also provided clarity and structure to my work – thank you. Yvonne and Ann-Sofie, thank you for your valuable support and kindheartednesses. It is always a delight to go to your office and talk about work-related issues as well as the daily things, be it small or large. A big thank you to the doctoral students, the PhD council and the rest of the community at the department. Special thanks must go to my long-time office- sharing mate Maria for her support and for being a great friend both on and off work. Also, Simon, you always look smart, and you are a brilliant person, thank you for helping me, your fresh perspectives on life, and for being my friend. Fika is one crucial thing we do in our corner, so Maria, Simon, and Anna, thanks for all the shared fika moments! Mara, thank you for being my friend and for your active help pinpointing the flaws in my writing, especially at the beginning of this journey. V For those who know me, it cannot come as a surprise that music is important to me. My headphones and the music played have been instrumental for me writing this thesis, and I have absolutely no idea what I would do without them. Mum, Dad, and Sister, thank you for your unlimited support and for believing in me. Whatever I do I know that you are proud. Last but not least, my partner: Line, I love you! Thank you for your endless support, tolerance, love, and understanding. I would never have been able to see this through without you. Victor Eriksson January 2019 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL MOTIVES FOR THE STUDY ...................................................................... 6 1.3 AIM OF THIS THESIS ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THIS THESIS ................................................................................................................... 8 2. FRAME OF REFERENCE ....................................................................................................... 9 2.1 THE INDUSTRIAL NETWORK APPROACH ................................................................................................ 9 2.2 TRANSPORT SERVICES FROM AN ACTIVITY PERSPECTIVE ..................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Activities related to transport services in supply networks ......................................................... 12 2.2.2 Concepts for analysing activities and interdependence ............................................................... 13 2.3 TRANSPORT SERVICES FROM A RESOURCE PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Resources related to transport services in supply networks ........................................................ 17 2.3.2 Concepts for analysing resources and how they are combined ................................................... 18 2.4 TRANSPORT SERVICES FROM AN ACTOR’S PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................... 21 2.4.1 Actors related to transport services in supply networks .............................................................. 21 2.4.2 Concepts for analysing actors and business relationships ........................................................... 23 2.5 A TRIADIC APPROACH .......................................................................................................................... 27 2.5.1 Triadic approaches in supply chains and logistics research ........................................................ 31 2.6 TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN SUPPLY NETWORKS ................................................................................... 32 2.6.1 Transport efficiency in relation to activities and resources ......................................................... 33 2.7 RESEARCH PROBLEM AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................ 34 3. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................... 37 3.1 THE RESEARCH CONTEXT ..................................................................................................................... 37 3.2 RESEARCH STRATEGY AND DESIGN ...................................................................................................... 37 3.3 CASE STUDIES AND THE SINGLE CASE APPROACH ...............................................................................
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